PASID,objectType,broadperiod,periodFromName,periodToName,fromdate,todate,description,notes,workflow,materialTerm,secondaryMaterialTerm,subsequentActionTerm,discoveryContext,datefound1,datefound2,TID,rallyName,weight,height,diameter,thickness,length,quantity,identifier,recorder,regionName,county,district,parish,fourFigure,gridSource,fourFigureLat,fourFigureLon,objectID,knownas,filename,imageLabel,imageCopyrightHolder,imageLicense,imageURL,thumbnail
29,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1275,Unlooped palstave with slight indentation below the stop which may indicate the corroded remains of shield decoration. Surface extremely pitted. Only remaining evidence of any patina is in the hafting slot which is extremely short.,"Information copied to Alan West , British Museum for Bronze Age index (permission of owner obtained)",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1999-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,220,,,,118,1,Sam Hyde,Sally Worrell,South East,Wokingham,Wokingham,Wargrave,SU7979,From a paper map,51.504422,-0.863179,HAMP102,,,,,,,
2262,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late bronze Age complete socketed axe head. Cast in copper alloy. The axe is sub-rectangular in plan, with a single loop cast on sine side. The sides are slightly convex, and expand out at the blade end. The blade is crescentric. Both faces are plain, and have a very slight transverse bevel line indicating the change from the body the blade. There is a slight collar around the socketed end, which appears to be rectangular in cross section. The axe has a sub-triangular profile. Casting lines are visible along both sides of the axe. The surface of the axe is slightly corroded. It is 64mm long and 30mm wide.","Poor quality photographs of both surfaces of this axe, and a profile view can be found on the original paper record held at Kent County Council. Due to the quality of these images they have not been attached to this database entry. ",4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1999-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,64,1,Geoff Burr,Catherine Read,London,Greater London Authority,Bromley,Orpington,TQ4363,,51.348096,0.051971,KENT1625,,,,,,,
2816,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Bronze arrowhead - no other description offered, but we know it had flanges of about 3mm.",Reference to Wales cat p57 (need to ID this publication).,3,Copper alloy,,,Unknown,1995-11-28T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,4,37,1,Claire Mason,Michael Lewis,,,,,,,,,KENT2073,,,,,,,
2852,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,Flat axehead which gently tapers outwards towards its cutting edge. Very smooth with little sign of corrosion or damage.,,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1969-12-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,100,1,Michael Lewis,Michael Lewis,,,,,,,,,KENT2105,,,,,,,
2871,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,Possibly a Bronze Age looped and socketed axehead fragment. Rounded at socketed end with marked dip leading to a ridge. Three pronounced ridges at right angles to the rounded socketed end.,,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,5,27,1,Michael Lewis,Michael Lewis,,,,,,,,,KENT2123,,,,,,,
5116,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"A Bronze Age sword shoulder fragment, triangular in shape with squared broken tang, 2 rivet holes on each side of shoulder (2 intact, one worn through to outer edge, the other broken); raised central section.","
This record was created before the Portable Antiquities Scheme began using the Central Database. We are aware that this record may fall below our usual standards of recording, and we are working to rectify this.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1998-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,56,1,,Richard Hobbs,Eastern,Essex,Epping Forest,Ongar,TL5503,From a paper map,51.70433614,0.2417311,KENT683,,kent683b.jpg,kent683b.jpg,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/kent683b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/589.jpg
5559,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Blade fragment of a late Bronze Age small socketed axe. The cutting edge is damaged and the blade is flaring. Slightly pitted surface, retains some original patina.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-27T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,40,1,,Nick Herepath,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Ruabon,SJ2945,Recorded at a rally,52.99759769,-3.05933407,LVPL1128,,,,,,,
7041,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,Small three-ribbed socketed  axehead with side-loop. Part of mouth missing. Some original patina surviving.,,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1999-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,73.7,1,,Nick Herepath,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,,,SE3868,,54.106488,-1.42031,LVPL697,,lvpl697b.jpg,lvpl697b.jpg,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/lvpl697b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1042.jpg
7103,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,Possibly miscast socket portion of possible axehead or spearhead.,Recorded at Lancaster City Museum 23.8.1999,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1997-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,35,,50,1,,Nick Herepath,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Morecambe,SD4664,,54.06909,-2.826648,LVPL752,,lvpl752.jpg,lvpl752.jpg,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/lvpl752.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1077.jpg
7105,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,Fragment of possible bronze casting waste,Recorded at Lancaster City Museum 23.8.1999,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1997-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,40,1,,Nick Herepath,North West,Lancashire,,,SD4664,,54.06909,-2.826648,LVPL754,,lvpl754.jpg,lvpl754.jpg,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/lvpl754.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1078.jpg
7125,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"The tip of a probably middle to late Bronze Age spearhead dating to c.1500-800 BC.



The object is sub-triangular in shape, tapering to a point and has a pronounced midrib. It has a dark green patina and a pitted surface.","
This record was created before the Portable Antiquities Scheme began using the Central Database. We are aware that this record may fall below our usual standards of recording, and we are working to rectify this.
",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1999-08-21T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,8,57,1,,Nick Herepath,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Hibaldstow,SE9702,Centred on parish,53.505753,-0.538939,LVPL772,,lvpl772.jpg,lvpl772.jpg,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/lvpl772.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1095.jpg
14485,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Copper alloy spearhead, tanged, of Type 1B Curved Midrib (following Davis 2012, 33f.) and dating to the Arreton phase of the Early Bronze Age (c.1700-1500 cal. BC) (Needham et al. 1997).



The spearhead survives in two pieces, broken across the blade-tang junction. It has a long triangular blade bevelled at the edge, with a rounded midrib and (blade wings with) two distinct steps parallel to the edge of the blade. The central mid-rib is filled, on both sides, with rows of pointille (punched dot) decoration. The tip of the blade is missing and the blade edges are damaged. The junction of the tang and blade is demarcated by an undecorated triangular-shaped facet. The rectangular-sectioned unrivetted tang tapers towards an irregular end which curves slightly upwards. The tang is broken close to the junction with the blade; this is an ancient break. The surface of the spearhead is in poor condition and is partly obscured by corrosion deposits. Length 207mm, maximum width 40mm, thickness 10mm, weight 151grams.","An example of the tanged type of spearhead associated with the Arreton tradition which dates to the latest phases of the Early Bronze Age c.1700-1500 Cal BC (Ehrenberg 1977, 4; Needham 1996, 132-133). It is one of sixteen Type 1B tanged spearheads noted by Davis (2012, 33f.) and is published in his Prahistorische Bronzefunde (Davis 2012, 33, No.29, Plate 3). Two other examples are known from Wales presently (Davis 2012, Nos. 36 and 39). The distribution of tanged spearheads as a whole is concentrated in the south-east of England but examples occur throughout most of Britain and Ireland (Davis 2012, 38; Needham 1979, 7, fig.1.4). It is not possible to make out whether there are scored outlines across the blade-tang junction comparable with those noted on some other tanged spearheads (Needham 1979, 5).",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,151,,,10,207,1,Philip MacDonald,Philip MacDonald,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9876,,51.473737,-3.470011,NMGW314,,,,,,,
14496,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Fragment of a cast late Bronze Age probably bronze socketed axe with a splayed and curved blade. The fragment was apparently broken and distorted in antiquity. Microscopic examination suggests the fragment is encrusted with ferrous and manganese oxide corrosion products presumably derived from the burial environment. Original blade width c.51mm, surviving height of fragment 40.5mm, maximum surviving thickness 13.5mm, weight 66.2 grams.
 

 
 Unfortunately, the fragment is not large enough to determine the specific type of the socketed axe. Socketed axes are a Late Bronze Age type and their use dates from approximately 1250BC to 750BC.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,66.2,,,13.5,,1,Philip MacDonald,Philip MacDonald,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Barry,ST1067,,51.394872,-3.294993,NMGW315,,,,,,,
14507,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Cast copper alloy leaf-shaped two-edged blade (length 63mm, width 19mm, thickness 2mm, weight 7.9 grams).The edges are slightly bevelled and the blade has a very slight but relatively wide midrib. One end of the blade apparently tapers into a tang which is now largely missing. The blade is in poor condition, its tip is bent and its edges are badly damaged and notched. This damage makes it difficult to evaluate whether the apparent tang is a genuine feature or simply a fortuitous break. The blade may possibly be an example of a rare type of Early to Middle Bronze Age knife known as a Class I or 'plantain razor' (Piggott 1946, 122-126, fig.5). The term 'razor' is a slight misnomer as these artefacts were almost certainly not used specifically for shaving but were rather some form of cutting tool. Unfortunately, the tang is the most diagnostic part of this artefact type and without it a positive identification is difficult.","This record was created before the Portable Antiquities Scheme began using the Central Database. We are aware that this record may fall below our usual standards of recording, and we are working to rectify this.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1999-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,7.9,,,2,63,1,Philip MacDonald,Philip MacDonald,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Leckhampstead,SU4577,,51.490164,-1.353251,NMGW3162,,,,,,,
14529,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1100,"Tip of a slender rapier, which has been reworked and used as a short dirk. There are no ridges or ribs visible on the blade, which has a slightly flattened but rounded cross section. This suggests that the artefact was once a Group IV rapier (Burgess & Gerloff 1981, 62). It is not possible to assign this reworked artefact to individual type within the overall group since diagnostic features high up the blade and on the original butt have been lost. The top of the blade fragment has been reworked by flattening the blade, though without splaying it. A new butt was created by inserting two side notches, one on each side of the blade, and 7mm from the top of the blade. These are between 4-5mm long, and concave in outline. The artefact has a black surface patina, and is slightly pitted. One modern scratch has revealed the bronze metal beneath the surface patina. Belongs to the Taunton or Penard phases of the Middle Bronze Age (1400-1100 cal BC). Dimensions: length 116mm, maximum blade width 17mm, thickness 2.5mm, butt width 13mm, weight 19.4g.","Group IV rapiers were generally used and deposited during the Taunton and Penard phases of the British Middle Bronze Age (Burgess & Gerloff 1981, 106-9). In recent times, these phases have been radiocarbon dated to between 1400 - 1100 BC cal (Needham 1996; Needham et al 1997). Examples of Welsh Middle Bronze Age dirks and rapiers within the National Collection come from Llanfair Clydogau, Cardiganshire (Savory 1980, Cat 243), Llansannor, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, Cat 245) and Mynydd Hyddgen, Powys (Savory 1980, Cat 246). Recently a reworked rapier tip from West Cross Beach, Swansea Bay has been added to the collections (unpublished).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1999-10-03T23:00:00Z,,,,19.4,,,2.5,116,1,Adam Gwilt,Philip MacDonald,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Mumbles,SS6389,From a paper map,51.58315752,-3.97872793,NMGW3182,,,,,,,
14537,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Tip of a Middle Bronze Age rapier or dirk with a flattish mid-section and wide slightly bevelled edges. The surface of the fragment is corroded and its edges are damaged. The break is ancient. Surviving length 71.5mm, maximum surviving width 17mm, maximum surviving thickness 2.5mm. The fragment is an example of Burgess and Gerloff's Group IV (1981, 3, 62-112). It is not possible to identify which particular type of Group IV blade this fragment is an example of because the diagnostic features high up on the blade and butt have been lost.","An example of a group IV blade - that is one with a flattish mid-section and wide bevelled edges cf. Burgess and Gerloff 1981,2. This group mainly consistent with the Penard Phase (Burgess and Gerloff 1981,3). Group IV blades were generally used, and deposited, during the Taunton and Penard phases of the Middle Bronze Age (Burgess and Gerloff 1981, 106-109) which date from between 1400 and 1150 cal. BC (Needham 1996, 133-134, fig.1; Needham et al. 1997, 84-90). Other Middle Bronze Age finds recorded from Swansea Bay include: a Group IV rapier tip with reworked butt [NMGWPA:99.81.1]; a probable Group III dirk reused from a longer blade [Acc.No.98.15H]; a Group II dirk with a mid-rib [Acc.No.98.15H]; and a leaf-bladed sword related to the Ballintober series (Green 1985, 283-285, pl.1).",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-05-10T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,2.5,71.5,1,Philip MacDonald,Philip MacDonald,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Castle,SS6491,From finder,51.60137197,-3.96507973,NMGW319,,,,,,,
14547,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy (probably bronze) socketed axe with a curved blade. The fragment was apparently broken and distorted in antiquity. The distorted form of one side of the fragment suggests that the blade may have originally been splayed in form. Original blade width c.31mm, surviving height of fragment 21mm, maximum surviving thickness 8mm, weight 10.8 grams.","An example of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe. Unfortunately, the fragment is not large enough to determine the specific type of the socketed axe. Socketed axes are a Late Bronze Age type and their use dates from approximately 1250BC to 750BC.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-04-02T23:00:00Z,,,,10.8,,,8,21,1,Philip MacDonald,Philip MacDonald,Wales,Bridgend,Bridgend,Pyle,SS8282,,51.52454816,-3.7022894,NMGW320,,,,,,,
14564,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1200,"Early mid-rib palstave - unlooped with a slight single median rib along each face. The rib is not defined by hollows near the stop, as on some early palstaves. The blade is relatively narrow but has a deeply curved edge. The flanges are leaf-shaped and do not extend along the blade. The stop ridge is undeveloped and is only marginally higher than the surface of the blade. The stop is concave with a shallow 'V' shaped profile. Casting problems have led to damage around the butt resulting in a 'V' shaped intrusion, which should not have effected the usefulness of the axe. The casting seams have been removed but remnants are still visible along both sides. The palstave is complete and in very good condition with a consistent light brown patina. The blade has retained its sharp edge and was probably never extensively used. This form of early palstave dates to the Middle Bronze Age c.1500-1200 BC lying in Needham's metalwork stage 5 (Needham 1997). Butler (1963) has suggested that early mid-ribbed and shield pattern palstaves originate from the initial Acton Park phase of Middle Bronze Age metalworking (Northover, forthcoming p130). The blade shape, low stop ridge and side profile (showing a distinction between flange and blade) may suggest a date towards the end of this form and prior to the introduction of the looped palstave. Length 137mm, blade width 67.9mm (at edge), 29mm (below stop), butt width 22.5mm, maximum thickness 38.3mm, stop height 9.1mm, weight 444.4 grams.","A similar palstave (92.252H) but with a shield pattern and of a more slender form has been found at Penllyn. Also recovered from Penllyn was an unlooped palstave with a poorly defined midrib, but is again more slender than this example and with a less splayed blade. The closest parallel is an example from Llanfylin, Gwent (Green, 1985) although this axe is longer and more slender. Green (ibid.) argues the Llanfylin axe is best compared with the Chepstow type of Schmidt and Burgess (1981) and is paralleled with the nearby Coed Llan hoard of Early Palstaves (Williams, 1877). It could be argued Schmidt and Burgess's 'Type Coed Llan' (1981) matches both axes equally as well due to the absence of flange extensions.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1999-08-17T23:00:00Z,,,,444.4,,,38.3,137,1,Mark Lodwick,Philip MacDonald,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9876,,51.473737,-3.470011,NMGW3216,,,,,,,
14612,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Sub-circular copper alloy casting, possibly of a Bronze age flat axe or palstave. The original surface of the casting is lost to corrosion; however, the fragment has a curved edge which may have formed the blade of an axe or a thin palstave. Width of 'blade' 43mm, surviving length 31.5mm, surviving maximum thickness 8.5mm, weight 38.1 grams.","This record was created before the Portable Antiquities Scheme began using the Central Database. We are aware that this record may fall below our usual standards of recording, and we are working to rectify this.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1999-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,38.1,,,8.5,31.5,1,Philip MacDonald,Philip MacDonald,Wales,Newport,Newport,Marshfield,ST2682,Centred on parish,51.532038,-3.068211,NMGW3262,,,,,,,
14631,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1275,"Cast copper alloy side-looped spearhead with a leaf-shaped blade and lozenge-shaped midrib. The mouth of the socket, the edges and end of the blade and much of the original surface of the spearhead are missing. The side loops on the socket are also missing; however, their original position, approximately midway along the incomplete socket, is indicated by the surviving stubs of the loops (set c.8-9mm apart). The socket continues for a short way into the blade. There is no evidence to suggest that the spearhead was originally decorated. Surviving length 76mm, surviving length of blade 41mm, maximum surviving external diameter of socket 13.5mm, maximum surviving width of blade 13mm, maximum thickness of midrib 8mm. This is an example of Ehrenberg's Class IV spearhead (cf. Ehrenberg 1977, 7-9) and Davis' Class 6 Unclassified (Davis 2012, 106, No.648, Pl.37).","A small example of a Class IV side-looped/Class 6 Unclassified Developed Side-looped Bronze Age spearhead. It is interesting to note that the spearhead blade lodged in the vertebra of one of the two inhumed individuals excavated at Tormarton, Gloucestershire was also a small example of a side-looped spearhead. In her study of the spearheads from Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, Ehrenberg noted that examples of the type from her study area ranged in length from 90mm to 210mm (1997,7); when complete the St Nicholas spearhead's length probably fell within the lower part of that range. Side-looped spearheads are a Middle Bronze Age type whose main vogue can be dated to the Acton Park and Taunton metalwork phases (c.1500 BC to c.1250 BC) although later examples are known (Davis 2012, 108-110; Needham et al. 1997, 84-86).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,8,76,1,Philip MacDonald,Philip MacDonald,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,St. Nicholas and Bonvilston,ST0974,,51.45763714,-3.31116217,NMGW3282,,,,,,,
14649,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age looped socketed axe with a facetted decagonal (ten sided) section and a trumpet-shaped collar defined by two pronounced mouldings. The loop is on the level with the lower edge of the collar. There are several minor casting flaws on the surface of the axe. The flashing marks which extend up both sides of the axe have been burred over where they cross the collar and on the inside of the loop. Surface scratching adjacent to the edge suggest that the axe has been used or sharpened. Length 107.5mm, width of blade edge 45mm, external diameter of socket 35-36.5mm, width 147.7 grams. An example of the Aylesham variant of the Meldreth type of facetted socketed axe cf. Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 206-207, nos.1231-1247B, pl.83.","The distribution of Meldreth type socketed axes extends throughout Britain, Ireland and western Europe (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 204). As a type they are defined by: slender facetted bodies (the number of facets varying from six to twelve) and trumpet-shaped collars which curve upwards and outwards (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 204-205). The shape of the type's socket varies from circular to square in section and the lower part of the collar is variously defined by one or more mouldings, grooves, overhangs or steps (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 205). The variations in the form of the lower part of the collar are used to sub-divide the type. The Aylsham variation includes those axes which have a horizontal moulding, groove or series of grooves at the base of the trumpet-shaped collar (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 206). A local example of a facetted socketed axe which is also an Aylesham variant of the Meldreth type, albeit with a single groove rather then a horizontal moulding at the base of the collar, is known from St Mellons, Cardiff (Savory 1980, 108, no.189. Fig.24). Survey of the associations of Meldreth type axes from northern Britain suggests that the type dates to the late Wilburton and Ewart Park phases (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 209-211). Southern British associations of the type with Stogursey type axes are consistent with this date (I.e. Mc Neil 1973, 49, nos.34-37; see also Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 210). Recent evaluation of the chronology of the British Bronze Age dates the late Wilburton and Ewart Park phases to the period 950-750 BC (Needham 1996, 136-137, fig.1; Needham et al. 1997, 93-98). The deliberate burring over of the flashing marks on just the collar and inside of the loop on the Penllyn axe is notable. It is uncertain how this was achieved, presumably it was ground down with some form of whetstone or abrasive; however, that it was done at all suggests that the collar was functional and, in addition to the loop, accommodated a binding (cf. Orme and Coles 1983, fig.15; Earwood 1993, fig.128). It is possible that the multiple mouldings around the collars of the Meldreth type axes of the Westow variant (i.e. Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 208, nos.1249-1252, pl.84) are skeumorphic representations of collar bindings of the kind suggested above for the Penllyn axe. The typological, and by extension chronological, significance of this observation is uncertain; a significant number of the Meldreth type axes illustrated by Schmidt and Burgess apparently have had the flashing marks on their collar removed (I.e. Schmidt and Burgess 1981, nos.1215, 1217, 1219-1230, 1237, 1240, 1242, 1244, 1246-1248, pls.82-83).",3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,147.7,,35,,107.5,1,Philip MacDonald,Philip MacDonald,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9876,,51.473737,-3.470011,NMGW33,,,,,,,
14675,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-1900,"Flat axe - probably Class 3.



Cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe which thickens towards the middle, with a thin, narrow and slightly rounded butt and a splayed blade. The edges of both the butt and the blade are damaged and the surface of the axe has several spots of corrosion. The sides of the blade more or less evenly curve outwards towards the cutting edge from a point situated about one third along the length of the axe from the butt. The lower halves of both faces of the axe are decorated with a series of incised, longitudinally arranged, irregular, short strokes which form a distinctive 'rain pattern'. Longitudinal striations on both faces of the axe adjacent to the blade edge are probably use-related polish.



Length 131.5mm, width of blade 78mm, width of butt 30.5mm, maximum thickness 11.5mm, weight 346.1 grams.



An example of the Midgale type of Early Bronze Age flat axe, falling within Needham's (1983) Class 3.","The Migdale type has been defined by Schmidt and Burgess as simple, thin-butt, bronze flat axes with more or less evenly curved sides and relatively wide cutting edges, which do not turn out abruptly from the sides (1981, 35). Migdale axes lack features such as median bevels, raised edges and the narrow straight-sided form frequently associated with decoration (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 35). Attempts to subdivide the type on the basis of variation in form have been unsuccessful; graphs plotting indices of shape such as length, width and the ratios of the body width at various points along the length of the axe do not show discrete concentrations (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 35). The Gwaelod-y-Garth example is a relatively narrow example of the type. Although most Migdale axes are plain the lower halves of both faces of this example are decorated with a series of incised irregular short dashes which form a 'rain pattern' cf. Harbison 1969, 67, fig.3.D3. Similar decoration is present on Migdale axes from Ystradowen, Glamorgan (Savory 1954-56; Savory 1980, 43,100, no.111, fig.17), Oxwich Bay, Gower (Gwilt and Macdonald 2000) and reportedly Montgomeryshire (Savory 1964-66, 192; Savory 1980, 43, 100, no.108, fig.17). As a type Migdale axes are difficult to date with precision. The typological metalworking stage or assemblage which includes Migdale axes has recently been dated from c.2300BC to c.1900BC (Needham 1996, 130, fig.2). Unfortunately, there is little independent evidence for the dating of decorated examples of the Migdale type, although there is some evidence to suggest that they may date to a late phase of the type's vogue (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 58).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,346.1,,,11.5,131.5,1,Philip MacDonald,Philip MacDonald,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llantwit Fardre,ST1084,,51.547689,-3.299328,NMGW3322,,,,,,,
14678,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1275,"Middle Bronze Age basal-looped spearhead. Length 220mm and 32mm wide across the widest part of the leaf-shaped blade. The socket, encircled by three lightly engraved lines, is 50mm and 16-17mm in diameter at the mouth where it is approximately circular in cross section; further up, the section is sharply angular. Because part of the wooden shaft remains firmly wedged in place it is not possible to known how far the hollow socket extends. There are two neatly formed loops at the base of the blade, one a little larger and lower than the other. The two halves of the mould have been very slightly misaligned and the thickness of the socket metal varies around its circuit. There is a small blow hole in one side of the spine just above the loops. The weapon is not worn or smoothed by the sea and there are stains on the blade which suggest that it had laid until recently in some peaty soil. It is probable, therefore, that it had been recently eroded from coastal peats.



The metal is in good condition with a fairly uniform matt surface of blue/purple colour; nowhere is the patination shiny, which may be an effect of salt water and sand. The edges of the blade have been sharpened in the middle section in antiquity, creating a slightly ragged, thinner edge; the bottom of the socket has also seen a little damage which may have occurred during use. This spearhead falls within Davis' (2012) Type 8A spearhead (flame-shaped blade, incorporated basal-loops) and can be dated broadly to the Taunton phase (1400-1275 BC) (Davis 2012,133-134). It is recorded in Davis' (2012) corpus: No.741, Pl.45. The spearhead can be paralleled in the Taunton hoard itself and in the Stibbard hoard from Norfolk. In Wales the closest parallel is the very splendid weapon from Nebo near Llanrwst which is twice the length but has the same angular socket and essentially leaf-shaped blade (Bezant Lowe 1912, 47; Ellis Davies 1929, 342). A spearhead from the river at Hay on Wye is of similar date but has a rather more complex section across the blade (Savory 1980, 112, fig.27).","The coastal area of Merioneth on either side of the Maddach has produced quite a number of chance finds of bronze implement over the years (Bowen and Gresham 1967, 109-28). The palstave is the main working tool of the period and there are several of both Middle and Late Bronze Age date; but in addition there are a surprising number of weapons. A spear, now lost, from Barmouth had loops on the socket, so probably belonged to an earlier phase than the Tal y Bont one; those from Llanfrathen and Brithir are without loops and belong to the Late Bronze Age. The famous Cwm Moch hoard contains spears with basal loops but a rather more triangular blade which indicates a date in the Penard phase, about 1200 cal BC. This hoard also contains rapiers, the quintessential Middle Bronze Age weapon, soon to be replaced by the leaf-shaped sword which first appears in this phase. Rapiers are rather rare everywhere, but Merioneth has produced another from the Cwm Moch area. Two fine gold torcs (twisted 'neck rings' but long enough to be used as a belt) have been found, one near Harlech and the other on the slopes of Cadair Idris. At a slightly later date a splendid bronze shield was buried in a bog near Gwern Einion and a rare bronze bucket was similarly offered to the gods at Arthog (Bowen and Gresham 1967, 126-7). Coastal Merioneth may therefore be regarded as a region of wealth and splendour in the Bronze Age. The quantity of material is not especially large, but the quality and interest of the pieces is high.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-04-20T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,220,1,F Lynch,Philip MacDonald,Wales,Gwynedd,Gwynedd,Barmouth,SH6217,From a paper map,52.732976,-4.045221,NMGW3325,,,,,,,
14679,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-2050,"Early Bronze Age Flat Axe - probably Class 3.



Dimensions: blade width 57mm, surviving length 86mm, maximum thickness 9.5mm, weight 211.3 grams. 



This axe has slightly concave sides, which diverge gently towards an expanded blade end. The butt of the axe has been broken off in antiquity. There is some evidence that the axe was deliberately damaged; the profile has been slightly bent at the butt end, implying considerable force, and there are linear marks on both butt end surfaces aligned at right angles to the axis of the blade. These would appear to be deliberate blows from a narrow bladed implement, such as another axe. The blade edge is extremely eroded and the axe surface is heavily pock marked, having a green patina, with patches of lighter green carbonate deposit. This may be identified as a bronze flat axe of the Type Migdale/Class 3 belonging to period 2 of the Early Bronze Age (circa 2300 - 2050 cal BC) in Britain (Needham 1983; 1996; Schmidt & Burgess 1981). These are the earliest bronze axes of Britain, which were in use at the same time as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae. Parallels for this axe, within the National Collection are examples from Usk, Monmouthshire and Whitchurch, Pembrokeshire (Savory 1980, Cat Nos. 106 & 107).","Flat axes are usually found as single finds and separate from settlement and burials of this time. As a consequence, it proves very difficult to date them because of the lack of associations with other material culture and human activity. At present, less than 100 flat axes have been recorded from Wales, spanning a time period from 1500-1900 BC. Therefore each single new find adds significantly to the picture of early metal use here (Gwilt 1999). The probable evidence of deliberate breakage of this axe is interesting, suggesting either breakage prior to recycling and re-smelting or deliberate breakage as part of a ritual involving the burial of the axe within the ground. It is unlikely that a modern plough would have caused such focussed and directional damage to the axe. It is probable that this axe was cast and made in Britain; axes of this shape may be found all over Wales, Scotland and England. In Wales, Bronze Age copper mines have been located and excavated on Anglesey, at the Great Orme, near Llandudno and on Copa Hill Cwmystwyth in mid Wales. However, the earliest radiocarbon dated activity at the Welsh mines belongs to the middle of the Early Bronze Age (circa 1900cal BC), which is after the currency of the Type Migdale flat axe. The earliest copper mining evidence from Northern Europe comes from Ross Island in County Kerry in Western Ireland, with mining occurring between 2500 - 2150BC. However these mines probably supplied ore to make the earliest copper axe types, which are particularly common in Ireland, yet rare in Britain. A mould for making flat axes has been found at Betws-y-Coed, Conwy, showing the technology did exist for flat axe production and casting in Wales, even if the metal source remains speculative.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,211.3,,,9.5,86,1,Adam Gwilt,Philip MacDonald,Wales,Bridgend,Bridgend,Cefn Cribwr,SS8781,,51.516584,-3.629929,NMGW3326,,,,,,,
14694,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1650,-1500,"This is a small unlooped palstave of slender form without any form of decoration or ribbing on the upper blade surfaces. Well-defined ledge stops, characteristic of palstaves, are present at mid point along the length of the artefact. Pronounced and asymmetric cast flanges rise at the point of the stops and continue to the butt end. Near to the stop, two notches in the flange profile suggest differential wearing in antiquity, possibly caused by a haft binding. On one side of the axe, one flange is markedly higher than the other, making the palstave sit on an angle when placed upside down on a flat surface. The blade edge has been neatly removed in antiquity, by three blows. These have removed the central and lateral parts of the blade surface, giving a triple 'clipped' shape, and removing the blade at the point where it would have splayed outwards. The artefact has a brown patina and a slightly pitted surface. A number of scrapes and gouges on the blade end of the artefact were probably caused by relatively recent plough damage within the ploughsoil. Dimensions: surviving length 120.0mm, surviving blade width 36.5mm, maximum flange width 22.0mm, weight 200.2 grams. This is an early unlooped palstave belonging to the Acton Park 1 phase (Period 4) belonging to the end of the Early Bronze Age. It may be dated, on current available evidence to between 1650-1500BC (Needham 1996). The palstave is a very early type, representing an intermediate stage between earlier haft-flanged axes and subsequent palstaves proper (the flanges typical of the former and the stops typical of the latter). Northover (unpublished manuscript) has grouped these as of 'intermediate type' with parallels known from Ludlow (Shropshire), Abertillery (Blaenau-Gwent) and Whitchurch (Cardiff). The latter two examples are in the National Collection (Savory 1980, Cat. Nos. 129 & 130, Fig.19), the closest being the example from Whitchurch. The breaking of the blade surface in antiquity, suggests a deliberate rendering of the tool useless, probably as a 'killing' ritual, immediately prior to its deposition.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-04-06T23:00:00Z,,,,200.2,,,,120,1,Adam Gwilt,Philip MacDonald,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0277,,51.48343354,-3.41271499,NMGW3340,,,,,,,
14935,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Narrow dirk, c.230mm long and 10mm max width. Smooth and shiny browny-green patina with several large pitted holes in the surface. Point intact and sharp. The break is rough and therefore probably quite recent and pointed oval in section. It is unclear how long the dirk would have been as the narrowing towards the break could be just wear, though the narrowness suggests this was probably not a lot longer and therefore a dirk rather than a rapier.","This record was created before the Portable Antiquities Scheme began using the Central Database. We are aware that this record may fall below our usual standards of recording, and we are working to rectify this.",3,Copper alloy,,,Unknown,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,64,,,,230,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,,,,,,,,,NMS218,,,,,,,
18014,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1001,"One end of a gold penannular 'tress-ring'. 10 mm wide and 0.6 mm thick, the surviving length is 19 mm long and weight is 1.09g. The exterior face has a raised rounded border on its three original sides, surrounding nine longitudinal ribs separated by ten rounded concave grooves to give an evenly corrugated effect. Some of the grooves have longitudinal scratches which may be from the mould or from later finishing. The interior face is flat apart from a slight ridge at the original short edge, which may be a result of gentle hammering or, more probably, a reflection of the original mould former. The break appears to be fresh.",,3,Gold,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1995-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,1.09,,,0.6,19,1,Colin Pendleton,Helen Geake,,,,,,,,,SF3482,,SPLsf785sf3482slide1.jpg,Bronze age hair ring,Suffolk County Council Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fminter/SPLsf785sf3482slide1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/9129.jpg
22171,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1100,Copper alloy side looped spearhead. Fragmentary. Circular sectioned socket. Two side loops (one broken). The shaft of the socket is broken. The blade is also damaged but was probably leaf-shaped originally.,PAL 1442,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,99.03,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Bishopstone,SU0722,,50.99735212,-1.90162437,SOMDOR1061,,,,,,,
25006,Harness Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"The strap crossing is an incomplete '+' shape. The upper surface has a central dome with two steps. Each 'arm' has four low-relief lines, however all arms are incomplete. Only the upper portion of the strap crossing remains. The reverse is rough and not meant to be seen. The item has a grey patina.","This record was created before the Portable Antiquities Scheme began using the Central Database. We are aware that this record may fall below our usual standards of recording, and we are working to rectify this.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1995-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,4.98,22.16,1,Kevin Leahy,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Swindon,SO8689,,52.498721,-2.207654,WMID2359,,,,,,,
25015,Harness Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"The strap crossing is a '+' shape. The upper surface has a central dome with two steps. Each 'arm' has four low-relief lines. The arms are slightly damaged. The item is three-dimensional, however the reverse has a '+' shaped hole and each 'arm' is hollow. The void created is where the straps pass. The hole on the reverse is incomplete. The item has a green/grey patina.","This record was created before the Portable Antiquities Scheme began using the Central Database. We are aware that this record may fall below our usual standards of recording, and we are working to rectify this.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1995-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,11.93,24.33,1,Philip Watson,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Swindon,SO8689,,52.498721,-2.207654,WMID2367,,,,,,,
26466,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age probable socketed axe. Only the blade remains of the axe. The break is quite straight, and a tip of the socket is visible. The axe has a medium-dark coloured patina.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,WMID3696,,,,,,,
29992,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-800,"Short length of narrow double-edged copper alloy blade with lozenge-shaped cross-section.  The fragment is very worn, and part of the blade along one edge is damaged, being folded back on itself.  The edges of the blade appear to be parallel, and the narrowness of the piece would suggest it was part of a rapier balde. ",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-04-11T23:00:00Z,,,,13.19,,,4,36,1,,,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,Aylesford,TQ7360,,51.312814,0.480894,KENT-3ED316,,KENT3ED316c.jpg,"Rapier blade, cross-section",Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/KENT3ED316c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/6918.jpg
30028,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
Blade end fragment from a slender Late bronze Age socketed axe. The axe has broken near the bottom of the socket, with one face surviving higher than the other. The blade edge has been lost but was slightly expanded. The remnants of casting flashes are visible along the sides and have been neatly finished. There is a suggestion of sharpening striations running along the blade edge. The more complete face possibly displays the bottom of a rib on its higher side.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-03-25T00:00:00Z,2003-04-24T23:00:00Z,,,18,,,10.7,26.4,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Newport,Newport,Langstone,ST3892,,51.623388,-2.897007,NMGW-8FCD95,,Dscn0856.jpg,Socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Dscn0856.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/4324.jpg
30078,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1275,"Copper alloy side-looped spearhead - Class 6E (leaf-shaped, developed side-loop)



Incomplete socketed spearhead with a plain leaf-shaped blade. The two loops no longer survive but sprung from either side of the socket, probably fairly near its base. One of the faces is missing as far as the end of the socket, probably as a result of corrosion but possibly the result of casting problems. The socket would have enclosed the shaft around the loops, but the metal is now torn and distorted at this point. The base of the socket is missing. When found the socket contained remnants of the spear shaft.



This is Davis' (2012, No.559, Pl.33) Type 6E and can be broadly dated to the Acton Park and Taunton metalworking phases (Davis 2012, 108-110; Needham et al. 1997).",The wood (weight - 1.7g) was removed with the permission of the finder and has been kept at NMGW for future analysis. The spear and shaft have been dipped in wood vanish by the finder.,3,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,46.1,,16,,123.9,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Neath Port Talbot,Neath Port Talbot,Onllwyn,SN8510,,51.77681581,-3.66828217,NMGW-E80BA5,,Dscn0839.jpg,Spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Dscn0839.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/4329.jpg
30095,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1275,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy side-looped spearhead, Group 6 (Unclassified).



Incomplete eroded socketed spearhead, the blade does not survive but the remnants suggest the blade was leaf-shaped. The two loops have been lost, but their remnants are visible near the base of the spearhead either side of the socket. The spearhead has eroded to such an extent that little else apart the socket survives forming a cylindrical tapering point. The bottom of the socket has broken and is missing.","This is recorded in Davis' (2012, No.645) corpus as a Group 6 (Developed side-looped: Unclassified) spearhead. Ove r483 Group 6 spearheads are now known from Britain and these can be broadly dated to the Acton Park and Taunton metalworking phases (c.1600-1275 BC) (Davis 2012, 66f.)",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by a museum - not a Treasure case,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,17.5,,13,,78.5,1,,,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Porth,ST0191,,51.609099,-3.431055,NMGW-FA8F77,,Dscn0847.jpg,Spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Dscn0847.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/4335.jpg
30106,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"
Heavily eroded unlooped palstave with a decorative mid rib on each face, there is the suggestion of an additional shield-pattern, although there is not enough of the original surface surviving to be certain. One face appears to exhibit a shield-shaped depression on the blade below the stop-ridge. It is now difficult to determine the original width of the blade edge, height of the stop ridge and flanges or length of the butt. However, it is unlikely the flanges rose much above the height of the stop, suggesting it was a low-flanged form, and the surviving blade seems to have been broad. Casting flashes are discernible on one of the sides.
","The suggestion of low flanges, as well as the combination of a sunken shield pattern with a raised midrib, means this is probably a Gr.III, Type Wantage palstave (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 133-5). This type of palstave held its currency in the Taunton phase (c.1400-1275 BC), though may have also extended into the Penard phase (up to c.1100 BC).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,337.3,,,25,118,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Porth,ST0190,,51.600111,-3.430773,NMGW-FD0833,,Dscn0848.jpg,Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Dscn0848.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/4336.jpg
30482,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Section of a copper alloy spearhead blade, with part of the central, hollow, midrib or socket extant.  The blade would have been double-edged and with a lozengiform cross-section, but only one half of the blade survives.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-02-01T00:00:00Z,2003-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,17.27,,,9,35,1,Andrew Richardson,,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Hollingbourne,TQ8257,,51.283061,0.608361,KENT-36D9F4,,KENT36D9F4b.jpg,KENT36D9F4b,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/KENT36D9F4b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/4477.jpg
31263,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Only a fragment of the possible rapier remains. This is a portion of the hilt and blade. 
 
 The blade tapers quickly to become quite narrow. The terminal of the blade is broken, and does not appear to have broken recently. In section the blade, at its broken edge, is a lozenge shape. 
 
 Towards the hilt the possible rapier becomes wider in plan and slightly more thick than the blade. The hilt has abraded edges and the remains of an incomplete hole on each side edge. 
 
 The surface of is mainly covered with a thick brown coloured patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-03-01T00:00:00Z,2003-04-22T23:00:00Z,,,,,,5.6,69.9,1,Angie Bolton,,West Midlands,Warwickshire,North Warwickshire,Curdworth,SP1892,,52.52558,-1.736122,WAW-C9FE40,,,,,,,
31287,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Shield pattern, median rib.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,165,1,Nick Herepath,,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Burland,SJ5953,,53.072649,-2.613399,LVPL-CB41D0,,,,,,,
31592,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Fragment, cast copper-alloy thin-butted flat axe. Migdale-Marnoch tradition. Surfaces uneven and pitted.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,9,52,1,Sally Worrell,Sally Worrell,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Fordingbridge,SU1413,Centred on parish,50.916296,-1.802218,HAMP3455,,hamp 3455.jpg,Migdale-Marnoch tradition FLAT AXEHEAD ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/hamp 3455.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/13159.jpg
31922,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Fragment, cast copper-alloy spear-head/rapier blade tip. Narrow, slightly convex sides, edges damaged. Slight median ridge on both sides. The tip is slightly rounded. Smooth, pale green patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,10.94,,,3.5,49,1,Sally Worrell,Sally Worrell,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Barton Stacey,SU4341,,51.166636,-1.386389,HAMP2256,,hamp 2256.JPG,Rapier or SPEAR blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/hamp 2256.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/12629.jpg
32268,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1850,"Cast copper-alloy flat axe. Slight moulded transverse  ridge half-way along the blade. The sides splay out from narrow, rounded end which is very thin, to slightly convex blade. Little sign of wear on the blade. Coated with varnish .L: 133 W: 71 T: 0.5-  8",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1992-01-01T00:00:00Z,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,8,133,1,Sally Worrell,Sally Worrell,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,East Meon,SU6722,GPS (From FLO),50.993506,-1.046697,HAMP3562,,hamp 3562.JPG,Bronze age flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/hamp 3562.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/13204.jpg
32486,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1450,"
Cast copper-alloy unlooped palstave. Median ridge extends more than half way down the blade. Surfaces heavily pitted and much of patina missing on one side.
",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,,,,,398,,,27,166,1,Sally Worrell,Sally Worrell,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Overton,SU5249,Centred on parish,51.237819,-1.256524,HAMP2253,,hamp 2253.jpg,Unlooped PALSTAVE ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/hamp 2253.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/12627.jpg
32955,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Incomplete, copper-alloy socketed chisel. Flanged blade. Slender, hollow body which expands out slightly to missing end. Two prominent D-sectioned opposing internal ridges. Most of the dark green patina is missing and there is evidence for bronze disease. Socket diameter is 18mm and width of the socket is 22.5mm.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,95,1,,,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,From a paper map,51.015371,-1.958608,HAMP3496,,hamp 3496.JPG,Bronze age Socketed CHISEL ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/hamp 3496.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/13167.jpg
32956,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Fragment, cast copper-alloy spearhead socket. Cylindrical, with straight sides which expand out. Circular perforation (not complete) in one side. The outer surface has faintly incised decoration consisting of three zones which have an irregular horizontal line with closely-spaced triangles which are infilled with faint diagonal lines, followed by a further horizontal line below. Smooth, dark green patina. The decoration is reminiscent of Ornament-horizon pieces, such as decorated arm-rings with geometric design. The tapering diameter may suggest a socketed spearhead. L: 36.5 D: 15-20 Internal D: 11-16 T: 1.5-2.5",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,36.5,1,Sally Worrell,Sally Worrell,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,From a paper map,51.015371,-1.958608,HAMP3497,,hamp 3497.jpg,Bronze age FERRULE ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/hamp 3497.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/13168.jpg
33154,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Copper-alloy awl. Square-sectioned, flattened at either end. One end is much narrower than the other. W:2.5-4mm",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,2.92,,,,47,1,Sally Worrell,Sally Worrell,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU2735,,51.113661,-1.615664,HAMP2963,,hamp 2963.JPG,Bronze age awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/hamp 2963.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/12942.jpg
33477,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Incomplete, cast copper-alloy socketed spearhead. Leaf-shaped with tip and part of socket broken off. Broad median ridge on both sides. Socket diameter: 7.5mm",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,63,1,Sally Worrell,Sally Worrell,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Fordingbridge,SU1413,GPS (From FLO),50.916296,-1.802218,HAMP3457,,hamp 3457.JPG,Bronze age Spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/hamp 3457.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/13160.jpg
33691,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Cast bronze socketed axe; South-East type. Double mouth moulding. One one face there are three oblique ribs extending from the lower mouth moulding, but there is no trace of any on the other side which is badly affected by corrosion. One corner of the blade is missing and the patina is chipped on the blade edge. Dull black patina over much of the surfaces with patches of bright green corrosion. Socket dims.: 28 x 31.5mm",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,124.5,1,Sally Worrell,Sally Worrell,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Froxfield,SU7025,,51.020122,-1.003379,HAMP3890,,hamp 3890.JPG,Bronze age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/hamp 3890.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/13324.jpg
33980,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1550,-1450,Cast copper-alloy unlooped palstave with side flanges.Mostly complete with slight damage to the flange edges and small patches of  invasive corrosion. There is a median ridge on both sides of the blade extending from the transverse ridge at the beginning of the flanges to beyond half the blade length. Damage to the blade edge. Areas of black patination on all surfaces.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,153,1,Sally Worrell,Sally Worrell,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Exton,SU6214,,50.922136,-1.119292,HAMP3862,,hamp 3862.JPG,Bronze age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/hamp 3862.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/13310.jpg
39630,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-1550,"Incomplete EBA flat axe, quite small (cutting edge width c.60mm), with almost imperceptibly raised sides (wear?).  Section is a slightly lenticular, truncated.  Cutting edge worn and chipped.  Patina orangey brown with several gashes on both surfaces.  Weighs 130.39g.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,130.39,,,,,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,East Cambridgeshire,Littleport,TL5588,,52.467939,0.280338,NMS1615,,,,,,,
41107,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,Fragment of tip of bronze age spear head. Visible midrib.,,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Rushton,SJ5864,,53.171444,-2.629767,LVPL2225,,lvpl2225a.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/alexw/lvpl2225a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/561425.jpg
41252,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1450,-900,Looped palstave in corroded condition.,"Recorded by Dan Robinson, Grosvenor Museum, Chester, 12.10.2002",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,148,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Beeston,SJ5459,,53.126171,-2.688882,LVPL2158,,,,,,,
41253,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-1800,"Small bronze flat axe head, slight flanges on flanks, heavily corroded.","Recorded by Dan Robinson at the Grosvenor Museum, 21.10.2001",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,84,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Malpas,SJ5148,,53.027032,-2.732031,LVPL2157,,lvpl2157a.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/alexw/lvpl2157a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/561423.jpg
41260,Ferrule,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,Bronze spear ferrule found with preserved wood in the socket.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,,,,16,,85,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cumbria,Eden,Brougham,NY5328,,54.644907,-2.729821,LVPL2212,,2212.jpg,Bronze age ferrule,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/2212.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10148.jpg
41384,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"This record has been updated and reinterpreted 4/5/21 by Peter Reavill with the support of Dr Brendan O'Connor. The original record was made 18 years ago on the original PAS database.





A cast copper alloy short-flanged axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1600-1250 BC). Unfortunately there is only one view of the axe making the form difficult to be identify specifically to a type or sub-type. The blade is worn and crescentic in shape and the upper blade has a shield pattern directly below the relatively prominent stopridge. This stop ridge is not fused to the side flanges which project slightly beyond the stop and are curled. The butt is squared off with a broken edge. Although the type is difficult to suggest given the presence of a shield pattern it is most likely to be from among the earlier types of flanged axehead, perhaps Cragg Wood dated to the period 1600-1400 BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, nos. 462-82) - being attributed to either Acton Park I or Acton Park II metal working assemblages.







Original record:



Unlooped, shield pattern palstave with high flanges and stop ridge



Width of blade 65mm.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,148,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Yealand Redmayne,SD4976,Centred on parish,54.177236,-2.782842,LVPL2230,,2230b.JPG,Bronze age palstave,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/2230b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10162.jpg
41385,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,,Shield pattern palstave with stop ridge. Wings denuded by corrosion.,Width of blade 45mm,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,115,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Borwick,SD5372,Centred on parish,54.141672,-2.72094,LVPL2231,,2231b.JPG,Bronze age palstave,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/2231b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10164.jpg
41557,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,"Section of blade of sword. Bi-convex in section, smooth profile, pitted surface, no original; surface patina remains.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-10-09T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,36,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,North Rode,SJ8965,,53.181983,-2.166053,LVPL2376,,,,,,,
41558,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,Tip of spear head,,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,27,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,North Rode,SJ8966,,53.190972,-2.166088,LVPL2377,,,,,,,
41588,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2000,1800,"A fragment of copper alloy plate, roughly triangular with irregular broken edges.  A lip projects at right angles along the longest edge.  Parts of the surface show signs of having been molten, and the object has a bright green patina which suggests considerable antiquity.",Possibly evidence of Bronze Age metal working?,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-11-03T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,21,52,1,David Villanueva,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Shepway,Elmsted,TR1045,,51.165682,1.002283,KENT4798,,PAK190-092.JPG,KENT4798. Undated copper alloy object.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-092.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/139498.jpg
41674,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,An incomplete late Bronze Age socketed axe. It is slim with a flaring blade. The haft end is mostly missing but fragments remain of the trumpet mouth. Both faces are decorated with three ribs. Prominent casting seams down both sides. The blade is 43mm wide.,,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,88,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Prees,SJ5531,,52.874578,-2.67003,LVPL2439,,2439.jpg,Bronze age socketed axehead,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/2439.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10296.jpg
41892,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Copper alloy tip/fragment of a rapier blade, narrowing gradually to tip.",No other artefacts of this date have been found by the finder on this site.,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-12-02T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,2.5,41,1,Martin Miles,Michael Lewis,South East,Kent,Thanet,,TR3867,,51.352199,1.416679,KENT4172,,,,,,,
41934,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1700,"Small fat axe head, butt end missing.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,57,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Nantwich,SJ6452,,53.064022,-2.538663,LVPL2353,,,,,,,
41935,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,"Tip of socketed spear head, midrib visible on one side. In corroded condition.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,20,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Nantwich,SJ6452,,53.064022,-2.538663,LVPL2354,,,,,,,
41970,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,Lower blade fragment of late Bronze Age socketed axehead.,,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,22,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Rushton,SJ5864,,53.171444,-2.629767,LVPL2303,,lvpl2303a.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/alexw/lvpl2303a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/562450.jpg
42113,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1800,,"Incomplete flat axe head.  Blade flares at end, no visible side flanges. Very corroded and pitted on one surface, retains 70% surface patina on other.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,11,81,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Clotton Hoofield,SJ5263,,53.161947,-2.719368,LVPL1966,,lvpl1966a.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/alexw/lvpl1966a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/561054.jpg
42279,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axehead (incomplete and very corroded). Single loop. One side of the blade is much thinner than the other. Very clear mould marks.,Small fragment of wood found within axe (not analysed).,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1999-02-02T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,,Michael Lewis,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,Offham,TQ6658,,51.296929,0.37962,KENT3988,,,,,,,
42385,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2500,1700,"Crescent shaped copper alloy object, possibly an earring.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,5.86,26.53,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ9051,From a paper map,51.226561,0.719756,KENT5002,,PAK190-154.JPG,KENT5002. Copper alloy object.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-154.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/139457.jpg
42522,Weapon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Short length of copper alloy double-edged blade, with lozenge-shaped cross section.  Possibly part of a rapier blade.  The break at one end is very worn and may have happened in antiquity.  The break at the other end is more recent.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-10-02T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,4,25,1,Gilles Guthrie,Andrew Richardson,South East,Medway,Medway,,TQ7475,,51.447255,0.502569,KENT4946,,,,,,,
42655,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-700,Complete copper alloy tanged chisel.,,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1995-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,105,1,Michael Lewis,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Swale,Borden,TQ8862,,51.326023,0.696928,KENT4501,,,,,,,
42657,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"
Part of two-edged bronze sword or dagger blade.  Broken at both ends and slightly bent.
",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-10-20T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,8,46,1,Michael Lewis,Andrew Richardson,London,Greater London Authority,Bexley,St. Mary's,TQ5072,,51.42716035,0.15620906,KENT4503,,,,,,,
42715,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Copper alloy angular spearhead with solid socket.  Socket is damaged, with a large hole on one side.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,100,1,Michael Lewis,Andrew Richardson,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Ockley,TQ1539,From a paper map,51.138731,-0.357586,KENT4539,,,,,,,
42726,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-1900,"
Miniature copper alloy axehead. Flat, with rounded blade, straight sides narrowing to rounded butt.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,3.13,42.75,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ9250,GPS (from the finder),51.21691089,0.74782897,KENT4669,,PAK190-147.JPG,KENT4669. Bronze Age copper alloy miniature axe.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-147.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/139451.jpg
42834,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of spear tip, with centre rib on both sides.",Finds record form completed by J Darvill?,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,0.275,,,1,14,1,,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ8157,,51.28338,0.594037,KENT4383,,,,,,,
42835,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,Fragment of palstave axehead.,Find record form completed by J Darvill?,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1994-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,64.8,,,13,37,1,,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Swale,Borden,TQ8862,,51.326023,0.696928,KENT4384,,,,,,,
42885,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,Broken blade section of socketed axehead.,,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-12-30T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,25,1,Geoff Burr,Michael Lewis,London,Greater London Authority,Bromley,Biggin Hill,TQ3962,,51.340101,-0.005818,KENT4274,,,,,,,
43117,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,22.06,,,6,50,1,Martin Miles,Michael Lewis,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Thanington Without,TR1356,,51.263345,1.051655,KENT4061,,,,,,,
43236,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,Cast bronze fragment.,,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,123.79,,,,,1,Martin Miles,Michael Lewis,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Thanington Without,TR1356,,51.263345,1.051655,KENT4062,,,,,,,
43317,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-600,Part of rectilinear socket with lipped edge and side loop,PAL1609,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,22.3,,,5.91,41.34,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Elaine Howard-Jones,South West,Dorset,Purbeck,Corfe Castle,SY9482,,50.63766,-2.086207,SOMDOR1609,,,,,,,
43623,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-700,"
Small piece of copper alloy blade. Short tang, narrowed from the blade. The blade has a pointed oval cross section. The form of the tang and the small size of the blade indicate that this object can be classed as a dirk or rapier.
",PAL1737,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Unknown,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,8.61,,,3.05,42.77,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Elaine Howard-Jones,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Minterne Magna,ST6504,,50.834465,-2.49838,SOMDOR1737,,SOMDOR1737dwg.jpg,Bronze Age Dirk,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sjones/SOMDOR1737dwg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/99647.jpg
44084,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"The striking thing about the axe is that it is particularly small, even though it appears to be complete. Also the axe has been over-cleaned therefore any detail such as hammer marks or even a possible flange are not visible. The blades' tip, and cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical , but whether this is due to wear or cleaning is uncertain. The blade tapers towards the butt of the axe. The butt is slightly curved. The surface of the axe is pitted and only has a small element of the patina remaining.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,69.87,,,9.3,69.4,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Eccleshall,SJ8031,Centred on parish,52.876093,-2.298602,WMID6018,,,,,,,
44087,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-700,"
The object is a fragment of a possible spearhead. The tip is missing as is the majority of the lower portion. The socket, if there was one, is not visible. In plan the fragment is a sub-triangular shape with a rounded tip and heavily abraded edges. The lower edge is broken, probably quite recently as the patina does not cover this area. In cross section the spearhead is a sub-lozenge shape, however one edge is very abraded. The original existing edge is also slightly more angled forming a shape edge. The patination is heavy and a dark green colour.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,39,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Wall,SK1006,,52.6516408,-1.85361831,WMID6010,,,,,,,
44415,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A socketed gouge with circular mouth which narrows to a body which is circular in section, and flares widely and flattens to form a deep almost U-shaped scoop at the blade. There does not appear to be any wear and the casting seams although well finished are un-worn. Part of a hoard of eleven implements.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,2002-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,73.84,,21.96,,64.94,1,,,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Sandown,SZ6285,,50.661382,-1.124177,NARC2815,,IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,Hoard of late Bronze Age implements,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40442.jpg
44487,Tools And Equipment,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"The object is cylindrical and circular in plan. The walls of the object are slightly more thick on one side. The object has a heavy,thick well developed brown coloured patina which is slightly pitted and incomplete. The exterior walls are very slightly concave in profile. On the exterior surface there is a sub-circular shaped platform which maybe a rivet head. However this is not certain as on the interior surface there is a possible small circular indentation. The interior surface has vertical striations. The patina appears to cover one terminal edge of the object suggesting this was the original edge. The opposite terminal is abraded. There is a small patch of patina on the edge, perhaps suggesting that the object was broken in antiquity or this is the original length.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,22.18,,19.2,1,Philip Watson,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Croxden,SK0537,,52.930383,-1.927064,WMID5454,,Wmid5454.tif,Terminal of a socketed tool.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/Wmid5454.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/15753.jpg
44774,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
The remaining portion of the spear head is the point. The opposite terminal is broken, but not recently. This break reveals a very short portion of the socket. The tip of the spear is unsually thick. In cross section the spear is a lozenge shape. There are only traces of a mid green coloured patina.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,2002-03-31T23:00:00Z,2002-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,9.32,54.58,1,Philip Watson,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Idlicote,SP2643,,52.084748,-1.621977,WMID5226,,Wmid5226.jpg,Socketed Spear Head ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/Wmid5226.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/15682.jpg
44846,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-850,"A section of sword blade from a Carps Tongue type sword with distinctive groove-defined midrib, the section is slightly bowed, and there are a number of deep gouges in the midrib on both faces. There are a number of patches of light green corrosion product on the section which is otherwise of a dark green/brown patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-08-31T23:00:00Z,2001-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,149,,,8.92,112.88,1,,,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Hockliffe,SP9626,From a paper map,51.924253,-0.605384,NARC2583,,narc2583s1.jpg,sword blade ,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/narc2583s1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/22021.jpg
44847,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-850,-700,"A fragment of Ewart Park sword hilt finial intact with the hilt plate surviving down to just below the first rivet aperture, where the handle appears to be starting to bow, and flanges are apparent, the rivet aperture is oval.  There is some damage to the plate end and on both faces, and two distinct ridges running either side of the aperture also on both faces.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-08-31T23:00:00Z,2001-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,30.88,,,5.94,46.35,1,,,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Hockliffe,SP9626,From a paper map,51.924253,-0.605384,NARC2584,,narc2584.jpg,sword hilt ,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/narc2584.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/22022.jpg
44848,Ferrule,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"
A ferrule which has broken into two pieces. The small piece has a closed copper-alloy end and retains its clay core. The larger part is a tubular shape which tapers slightly from the open end with a central swelling between marginally concave outlines at either end. There are a pair of peg-holes placed almost at the centre of the swelling.
","The diameter of the ferrule is given for the longer section at it's largest point, the length is also of the largest piece, which tapers to 12.66mm diameter. The smaller piece is 18.61mm x 14.33mm tapering to 12.81mm.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-08-31T23:00:00Z,2001-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,44.4,,16.58,,82.96,1,Rhiannon Harte,,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Hockliffe,SP9626,From a paper map,51.924253,-0.605384,NARC2585,,narc2585s.jpg,FERRULE ,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/narc2585s.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/22025.jpg
44849,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-700,"Five amorphous pieces of metal, four of which may be waste or parts of ingots, one of which more obviously exhibits the attributes of 'cake'.","the pieces wiegh 47.34g, 202g, 241g, and 284g",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-08-31T23:00:00Z,2001-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,4,,,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Hockliffe,SP9626,From a paper map,51.924253,-0.605384,NARC2586,,narc2586s.jpg,INGOT ,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/narc2586s.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/22027.jpg
44850,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A south-eastern type of socketed axehead, with double mouth moulding. The upper moulding, at the aperture of the socket is heavier and broader than the lower one, the single loop is quite shallow forming not quite a half-circle, and running from the lower moulding.  The crescentic cutting edge is damaged on the loop side, the damage appears to be of some antiquity, both faces of the axe show evidence of corrosion in the form of pitting and small patches of encrusted corrosion products.","This axe forms part of a hoard comprising narc2581,83,84,85 and 86, there were also 2 or 3 further plain socketed axeheads found which have been retained by a different finder and have not been seen by the finds liaison officer to date.",3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-08-31T23:00:00Z,2001-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,295,,,,96.76,1,,,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Hockliffe,SP9626,From a paper map,51.924253,-0.605384,NARC2581,,narc2581.jpg,SOCKETED AXEHEAD ,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/narc2581.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/22015.jpg
45033,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"
The object is a portion of a possible spearhead. The object, in plan, is an elongated sub-triangular shape, however the tip is missing, and the lower edge is irregular. The side edges are slightly curved, but heavily abraded and worn. The cross-section is a sub-lozenge shape. The surface of the object is slightly pitted, but has developed a dark green patina.
",This portion of a spearhead is not part of Spearhead WMID4618 found in the same field.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,1985-01-01T00:00:00Z,1985-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,6.95,35.13,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Solihull,Solihull,Balsall,SO9383,,52.444918,-2.104414,WMID4619,,WMID4619.jpg,Bronze age spear fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WMID4619.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/11406.jpg
45098,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,A fragment of the crescentic cutting edge of a late Bronze Age socketed axe. The edge is pitted and damaged.,,3,,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,1,,,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Nether Heyford,SP6558,,52.216389,-1.050017,NARC3059,,,,,,,
45403,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"
The object is a portion of a possible spearhead. The object, in plan, is an elongated sub-triangular shape, however the tip is missing, and the lower edge is irregular. A circular socket runs through the centre of the object, gradually tapering. The cross-section of the upper edge is a sub-lozenge shape, the mid point has a circular socket with a slender triangular protrusion on each side visible in the cross-section. The protrusions are the blades which are abraded and slender in width. The surface of the object is slightly pitted, but has developed a dark green patina.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,1985-01-01T00:00:00Z,1985-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,10.92,39.73,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Solihull,Solihull,Balsall,SO9383,,52.444918,-2.104414,WMID4618,,WMID4618.jpg,Spear fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WMID4618.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/11402.jpg
45483,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A very fine looped and socketed axehead, part of a small hoard.  There is a triple  mouth-moulding, of which the upper moulding is much more prominent. This has a small casting flaw at one point causing a slight step. The lowest moulding gives rise to a half-circular loop on one side of the body. In cross-section the body is sub-rectangular, the aperture is almost square with rounded corners, narrowing downwards to a blunt rectangle. In plan the body runs parallel for most of its length expanding from about two-thirds of the way down to the cutting edge which forms a very shallow curve with outside corners close to 45 degrees. In profile the axehead forms a long narrow triangle, with a casting ridge visible on both sides. On the side with the loop this ridge runs in an uninterrupted seam through the outside of the loop.  There is evidence of mineralised organic woven material on at least one face (when holding the axehead neck upwards loop to the left.",Part of a hoard of eleven implements.,3,,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,2002-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,490,,,44.43,134.46,1,,,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Sandown,SZ6285,,50.661382,-1.124177,NARC2809,,IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,Hoard of late Bronze Age implements,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40442.jpg
45484,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A very fine looped and socketed axehead, part of a small hoard.  There is a triple  mouth-moulding, of which the upper moulding is much more prominent, while the lowest gives rise to a half-circular loop on one side of the body. In cross-section the body is sub-rectangular, the aperture being almost square, narrowing downwards to a blunt end. In plan the body runs parallel for most of its length expanding from about two-thirds of the way down to the cutting edge which forms a very shallow curve with outside corners close to 45 degrees. In profile the axehead forms a long narrow triangle, with a casting ridge visible on both side. On face with the loop this ridge runs in an uninterrupted seam through the outside of the loop.",Part of a hoard of eleven implements.,3,,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,2002-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,500,,,44.28,133.23,1,,,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Sandown,SZ6285,,50.661382,-1.124177,NARC2810,,IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,Hoard of late Bronze Age implements,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40442.jpg
45485,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A very fine looped and socketed axehead, part of a small hoard.  There is a triple  mouth-moulding, of which the upper moulding is much more prominent, while the lowest gives rise to a half-circular loop on one side of the body. In cross-section the body is sub-rectangular, the aperture being almost square, narrowing downwards to a blunt end. In plan the body runs parallel for most of its length expanding from about two-thirds of the way down to the cutting edge which forms a very shallow curve which is slightly more crescentic than the other three similar axeheads in this hoard. In profile the axehead forms a long narrow triangle, with a casting ridge visible on both sides. On the face with the loop this ridge runs in an uninterrupted seam through the outside of the loop.",Part of a hoard of eleven implements.,3,,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,2002-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,500,,,44.25,132.86,1,,,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Sandown,SZ6285,,50.661382,-1.124177,NARC2811,,IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,Hoard of late Bronze Age implements,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40442.jpg
45732,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An almost complete socketed knife with some corrosion to the blade which is sub-triangular in plan, the sides which are badly corroded taper evenly towards the tip. The tip is broken of and missing a small fragment, therefore it is not possible to be certain of its original shape. The blade has a slightly raised flattened midrib section on both faces,  with broad edge bevels. The junction between the socket and the blade is straight with a simple 'step' from socket to blade.  The socket is quite 'waisted' in plan, and a waisted oval in cross-section, the junction of the socket and blade is wider than the mouth, which has no obvious mouth-moulding, the edge of the mouth is slightly corroded and there is a small section missing.  There is a circular aperture, presumably the peg hole, on both faces of the socket. The mouth is oval, and the socket sub-triangular in section.  There is some wood remaining in the socket.",Part of a hoard of eleven implements.,3,,Wood,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,2002-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,46.37,,,11.81,134.66,1,Rhiannon Harte,,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Sandown,SZ6285,,50.661382,-1.124177,NARC2814,,IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,Hoard of late Bronze Age implements,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40442.jpg
45797,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A very fine looped and socketed axehead, part of a small hoard.  There is a triple  mouth-moulding, of which the upper moulding is much more prominent, while the lowest gives rise to a half-circular loop on one side of the body. In cross-section the body is sub-rectangular, the aperture being almost square, narrowing downwards to a blunt end. In plan the body runs parallel for most of its length expanding from about two-thirds of the way down to the cutting edge which forms a very shallow curve with outside corners close to 45 degrees. In profile the axehead forms a long narrow triangle, with a casting seam visible on both sides. On the side with the loop this seam runs in an uninterrupted seam through the outside of the loop.",Part of a hoard of eleven implements.,3,,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,2002-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,550,,,43.81,137.02,1,,,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Sandown,SZ6285,,50.661382,-1.124177,NARC2808,,IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,Hoard of late Bronze Age implements,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40442.jpg
45866,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An almost complete socketed knife with some corrosion to the blade which is almost straight sided to approximately two-thirds of the way down where the sides curve inwards to the tip which is corroded too much to be certain of its original shape. One face of the blade has a large section of mineralised organic woven material attached.  The blade has no obvious midrib of facets, there is a single moulded ridge at the junction between the socket and the blade.  The socket is slightly 'waisted' in plan, with a single shallow mouth-moulding.  There is a circular aperture, presumably the peg hole, on one face and a corroded hole on the other, presumably at the point of the aperture on that side. The mouth is oval, the socket is a waisted oval in cross-section, and sub-triangular in profile.","Width is given at widest point, thickness is at socket.
 

 Part of a hoard of eleven implements.",3,,Textile,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,2002-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,52.33,,,15.56,132.17,1,Rhiannon Harte,,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Sandown,SZ6285,,50.661382,-1.124177,NARC2813,,IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,Hoard of late Bronze Age implements,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40442.jpg
45902,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"The butt of the axe tapers to a blunt edge in its depth. This edge is slightly abraded and pitted. There is a flange on either side of the axe which leads to the blade. The flanges appear to have been hammered, the sides of the flanges have a series of very shallow indentations. The septum is only slightly pitted. At the mid point, across the septum there are two shallow grooves, thereby forming a slight ridge between which is the bevel/stop. This occurs on both faces of the septum. The grooves are shallow and feel like ripples. The blade expands from the septum. The junction of the septum and blade has a slightly uneven, ripples surface on both faces, this does not appear to be intentional. On one surface of the blade there has been recent damage, a scrape, perhaps by the plough has occurred revealing the metal. The blade tips are slightly rounded and abraded. The blade cutting edge is abraded and slightly corroded, therefore the original edge is lost. The axe has a well developed brown/green coloured patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,14.95,121.18,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,East Midlands,Derbyshire,South Derbyshire,Catton,SK2015,,52.732272,-1.705259,WMID4305,,Wmid4305.jpg,FLANGED AXEHEAD ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/Wmid4305.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/15534.jpg
46291,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"An incomplete and badly corroded palstave.  The cutting edge badly damaged but in plan it appears to have originally been crescentic, the sides of the head taper inwards to a 'waist' at approximately one third up the head from which point on they are almost parallel flaring only slightly  to the flanges. The depression into the handle forms a rectangular shape. Both faces of the head are very corroded but have the suggestion of ribbed moulded decoration. The lip at the junction between the handle and the head is quite straight.  In profile, the head and cutting edge form a narrow triangular shape, expanding to at the handle end into a larger triangle, the palstave is broken off at the end furthest away from the cutting edge.  There is a slight median ridge down both of the sides of the palstave when viewed in profile., the flanges are not high and do not curve inwards.  In cross-section the head is trapezoidal.  There is a single loop which runs from the highest point of the flange to about one tenth of the way down the head.","the length is given between cutting edge and junction lip of handle, the width at cutting edge and the thickness at the widest part of the flanges.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-11-01T00:00:00Z,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,30.8,126.17,1,,,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Wellingborough,Easton Maudit,SP8956,,52.195063,-0.699341,NARC2987,,narc2987a.JPG,Bronze age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rharte/narc2987a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/11266.jpg
46431,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A sub-rectangular object which has a circular inner cross-section, and is open at one of the short ends, the other end is almost square in plan.  The open end is damaged and incomplete.",Part of a hoard of eleven implements.,3,,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,2002-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,150,,,26.8,59.83,1,,,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Sandown,SZ6285,,50.661382,-1.124177,NARC2816,,IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,Hoard of late Bronze Age implements,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40442.jpg
46432,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A small but very fine looped and socketed axehead, part of a small hoard.  There is a single very shallow mouth-moulding, with unfinished 'lip'.  The loop is a half oval in shape and starts from approximately 9.8mm down the casting seam on one side of the body. In cross-section the body is sub-rectangular, the aperture being almost square, narrowing downwards to a blunt narrow oval. In plan the body tapers very slightly for about two-thirds of its length then expanding to the cutting edge which forms a very shallow crescent. In profile the axehead forms a long narrow triangle, with a casting seam visible on both sides. On the side with the loop this ridge runs in an uninterrupted seam through the outside of the loop, and is poorly finished, on the other side the seam is slightly off centre and is also poorly finished.  At the bottom of the loop at the junction with the body, and just below the loop on the side of the axehead are two patches of woven material which appear to have a herringbone pattern.",Part of a hoard of eleven implements.,3,,Textile,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,2002-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,200,,,36.05,99.44,1,,,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Sandown,SZ6285,,50.661382,-1.124177,NARC2812,,IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,Hoard of late Bronze Age implements,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/IOW2002-26 Kirkton Hoard.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40442.jpg
46509,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"An incomplete and badly corroded palstave.  In plan the cutting edge is crescentic, either end of the crescent coming to an almost upturned point, the sides of the head are almost parallel from the cutting edge upwards, narrowing only slightly to the flanges. There is a U shaped depression as the flanges begin to expand, and on one face the suggestion of trident shaped moulded decoration, however, both faces are badly corroded and the decoration is very faint., the lip at the junction between the handle and the head is a shallow U-shape.  In profile, the head and cutting edge form a narrow tall V-shape, expanding to form an oval, the palstave is broken off at the point where the sides of the oval are curving towards a point at the end furthest away from the cutting edge.  There is a slight median ridge down both of the sides of the palstave when viewed in profile., the flanges are very high and do not curve inwards.  In cross-section the head is trapezoidal.  There is no loop or obvious loop stump.","the length is given between cutting edge and junction lip of handle, the width at cutting edge and the thickness at the widest part of the flanges.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-11-01T00:00:00Z,2002-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,290,,,33.26,71.12,1,,,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Wellingborough,Easton Maudit,SP8956,,52.195063,-0.699341,NARC2805,,narc2805a(s).jpg,Bronze age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rharte/narc2805a(s).jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/11252.jpg
46561,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-700,"A possible fragment of copper-alloy spear head, the object is a half cylinder in shape, open at both ends, although it is not clear if the ends have been deliberately cut or were broken in antiquity and the edges have smoothed through time. On the outside of the cylinder is an integrally cast shallow sub-triangular section which may be the base of the blade wing.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-06-30T23:00:00Z,2001-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,19.86,,22.62,,25.37,1,,,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Pitsford,SP7567,,52.296018,-0.901679,NARC2657,,narc2657d.JPG,copper-alloy spear head fragment,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/narc2657d.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/22107.jpg
46652,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"miniature?biconcave shaped sides and section,shallowly convexly curved ends, dark brown patina, solid, slight ovoid cast depression on each of 2 faces, centre","taken in at Finds day, Beverley Art Gallery 04/11/00",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-11-04T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,4.3,61.3,1,Ceinwen Paynton,Ceinwen Paynton,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Boynton,TA1468,Centred on parish,54.095282,-0.258336,YORYMB927,,,,,,,
46722,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-2000,"An early form of miniature chisel/axe, similar in form to early Bronze Age flat axes, with facets one the sides and cutting edge, and no central stop, some reworking is evident along one side on the obverse face, which has very slight/shallow flanges. The cutting edge has been damaged but it is not clear if the damage is all recent or if some occurred in antiquity.  The cutting edge is slightly crescentic, the sides curve inward gently before flaring out slightly again at the butt end which is badly damaged.","The form is very similar to one recorded as discovered in Aldershot.  The width above is given at the cutting end, the width at the narrowest part is 12.94mm",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2001-06-30T23:00:00Z,2001-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,11.23,,,3.1,43.47,1,,,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Kempston,TL0245,,52.093953,-0.512512,NARC2616,,narc2616a(s).jpg,CHISEL ,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/narc2616a(s).jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/22057.jpg
47971,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete late Bronze Age faceted socketed axehead, now in two fragments, around 50% of the butt end remains. A soil matrix is intact inside the socket. The larger fragment is truncated irregularly below the loop. The cutting edge is blunt. Some pitting evident which is probably corrosion. Very worn, rounded edges. Recently plough damaged, scoring on both sides. Mid-light green surface. The smaller fragment is browner than the large fragment. There is one area of medium brown corrosion product on the outside edge. Small patches active bronze disease on the internal surface.",Refer to scanned image 2172a.bmp in the York archive.,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-02-24T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,2.9,70.1,1,,,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,York,,SE6152,Recorded at a rally,53.960497,-1.071789,YORYMB548,,,,,,,
48095,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"long, with hemispherical shaped head end, narrow tapered butt, large flanges either side, cutting edge still rel sharp, pocked surafce, dark tan colour, treated-gunmetal, some vivid bronze disease and active copper oxide corrosion",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-04-02T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,10.1,147.1,1,,,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Thirsk,SE4483,,54.240812,-1.326364,YORYMB558,,,,,,,
48209,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
Fragment of a late Bronze Age looped socketed axe. Patchy blue-green active corrosion/tan brown surface. Bronze showing through on thinner areas, appears abraded. Casting spurs pronounced on external and internal seams. Wear difficult to ascertain.
",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1999-07-22T23:00:00Z,,,,,,5.16,32.7,73.23,1,Ceinwen Paynton,Ceinwen Paynton,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,,SE6369,,54.113026,-1.037791,YORYMB68,,,,,,,
48335,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
Late Bronze Age socketed knife of Thorndon type in good condition. The blade is leaf-shaped, resembling in miniature swords of the period. The blade edge is bevelled on both sides with a slightly concave profile. The socket is oval in section and on the exterior expands at both ends, while the interior is parallel sided. The blade and socket, characteristically for the type, meet at a straight line. There is a circular attachment rivet midway along the socket, the rivet is still in place on one face. Near the rim beneath the handle is a smaller hole, possibly a secondary attempt to secure the handle. On the other face an area of bronze has torn away, the top of the tear corresponds with the secondary hole on the other face and it is a possibility that this tear occurred during the repair. The knife has a brown patination with some of the red-brown soil still adhering to it. There are no visible sharpening striations along the blade.
",Thorndon-type socketed knives were first classified by Hodges (1956) and can be broadly dated to the Ewart Park metalworking phase (c.900-800 BC) (Needham et al. 1997). They are often found in Late Bronze Age hoards associated with a variety of material and have a wide distribution across Britain.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,40.7,,,4.2,119.6,1,Mark Lodwick,,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Bremhill,ST9872,,51.446984,-2.030169,NMGW-6F3FF3,,Dscn1047.jpg,Sockete knife,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Dscn1047.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5007.jpg
48406,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,Cast copper alloy awl or tracer awl.  The awl section is 28mm in length and broadly circular in section with a diameter of 4mm.  The other section is 21mm in length with a flattened end which may be a tracer.  This tracer end is rectangular in section and the shaft becomes square in section close to the junction with the awl section which is wider.  The tracer end is slightly bent.  Even mid-green patina.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-02-01T00:00:00Z,2003-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,3.25,,4,,49,1,Jodi Puls,,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU2735,,51.113661,-1.615664,HAMP-8423D3,,Hamp8423D3.jpg,Awl,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/Hamp8423D3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5321.jpg
48822,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
Blade end fragment of a Bronze Age axe; the fragment is worn with none of the original surface surviving. The broken end does not show any evidence of a socket. The surviving blade edge is gently curved. The blade width is slender, with the sides gently expanding to the blade. The slender dimensions of the fragment suggests the piece may have come from a late palstave or socketed axe, although some of the width may have been lost through erosion.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,24.7,,,8.3,19.1,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9977,From finder,51.482905,-3.455904,NMGW-6D1B04,,DSCN0474.JPG,Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/krees/DSCN0474.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5278.jpg
48833,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1020,-800,"Incomplete ribbed socketed axe of Ewart Park metalworking tradition, dated to 1020-800BC. The axe has lost the mouth, one of the sides and an area of one face. The remainder of the damaged face has been crushed inwards, although it is now difficult to determine if this damage occurred in antiquity. The more complete face demonstrates the remains of two of the three parallel ribs. The mouth and collar of the axe are missing. The loop is also absent, but the remnants of the lower attachment point are evident on the more complete side. The axe would have had an hexagonal body profile, probably with a slightly expanded blade. The casting seam is visible along one side, and appears to have been finished by hammering. The remains of the socket suggest a rounded rectangular profile. The original surface of the axe has been lost, apart from possible small patches of brown-red patination on the incomplete face and in the socket. The surface damage and fragmentary state of the axe make it difficult to assertion the axe type. The ribs and hexagonal body profile suggest a South Wales (or Stogursey) type, of a relatively small example. However, the absence of the mouth and collar moulding make it impossible to be certain.","Socketed axes of a variety of types are prolific in south east Wales as both single and hoarded objects. South Wales axes are the most common, with over 120 examples now known, and have often suffered indicators of deliberate damage such as that seen on the present example. Single, damaged socketed axes are known nearby at Langstone (NMGW162) and Ponthir (PUBLIC-9BD5E6). Examples of both complete and damaged socketed axes in hoards within the National Collection of Wales include St.Mellons, Cardiff (Stanton 1984), Llantwit Major, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, no.281) and Penwyllt, Ystradgynlais, Powys (Savory 1980, no.284).

Socketed axes of a variety of forms belong to the Ewart Park phase of the British Late Bronze Age (Needham 1981, 32-37). Recently, this phase has been radiocarbon dated to 1020-800BC cal (Needham et al. 1997; Needham 1996).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,87,,,19.9,68.7,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Caerphilly,Caerphilly,Rudry,ST2286,,51.567457,-3.126753,NMGW-6D9AD7,,DSCN0434.JPG,Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/krees/DSCN0434.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5281.jpg
48858,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1200,"Cast copper alloy Shield pattern palstave, probably early Middle Bronze Age. Complete head with no remnants of haft visible. Particularly low level stop ridge to each side of head. Condition good, with only partial damage to sides of flanges and cutting edge.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-04-17T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,26,158,1,Jane Stewart,,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Albrighton,SJ8104,,52.633415,-2.28217,WMID-6FA0F8,,palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age shield pattern Palstave,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10242.jpg
48886,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Palstave dating to the Later Middle Bronze Age, probably dating between 1500 - 1000BC (Needham et al 1997). This palstave type is familiarly known as the 'Transitional Palstave', (Smith 1959; Schmidt & Burgess 1981) and is best paralleled in welsh material with the Cammaes hoard and corresponding metalworking tradition. Nortover (forthcoming) has suggested that Cemmaes metalworking is contemporary with the Taunton phase (c.1600-1200BC; Needham et al 1997) in England; although Taunton palstaves are generally of the 'Low-flanged' type, with transitional palstaves generally being of the Penard metalworking stage (c.1400-1000; ibid.) and possibly continuing into the Wilburton metalworking stage (c.1300-1000; ibid.). The palstave has a short butt, which has been damaged in antiquity on one side. This break has occurred through an air bubble in the bronze. The loop is missing, and was placed relatively far back, beginning immediately after the stop. Casting flaws are further evidenced with a hole at the stop on one side. The axe has diverging sides resulting in an expanded crescentic blade edge. The blade has a bevelled edge which begins as the sides significantly diverge. The moulds may have been slightly miss-aligned, resulting in a change of direction in the profile in the sides of the axe. The casting seem on the looped side has not been placed central to the sides. The loss of much of the surface of the axe has made it difficult to decipher the trident design on the faces, the split angular triangular motif against the stop can be made out, but the central rib, can no longer be seen.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,306.8,,,28.2,114.7,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Newport,Newport,Michaelstone-y-Fedw,ST2384,,51.54961512,-3.11188969,NMGW-71CCA7,,DSCN0519.JPG,Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/krees/DSCN0519.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5294.jpg
49275,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1450,"
Copper alloy socketed side-looped spearhead.



Incomplete short socketed spearhead with a plain kite-shaped blade and central rib defined by the tapering socket. Only one of the side loops survive, and is comparatively shallow. Approximately half of the socket is missing, probably because of erosion. The base of the socket is also missing, but is unlikely to have been very much lower. Only small areas of the original surface survive and the blade edge has also been eroded. The socket retains the remnants of the wooden shaft, and further shaft fragments were displaced when the spear dried subsequent to recovery.
","The spearhead can be paralleled with a number of examples recovered from Wales and elsewhere, and is similar to Savory (1980) Nos 227-230. This spearhead has been classified by Davis (2012, 56, No.142) within his 4A (Plain Kite Blade, Long) sub-class. Davis (2012, 55-56) lists 21 examples of this sub-class (incl. the present example), though the Sandfields example is one of only two examples that has side loops close to the base of the socket; the other is from Craigielee, Perth (Davis 2012, No.138). Group 4, as a whole, lacks homogeneity in terms of overall form, and the distribution in Britain is typically more northern, with five findspots known from Scotland (Davis 2012, 58). The type may have some Irish influence (ibid.). The Sandfields spearhead is the only securely provenanced Group 4 spearhead from Wales, though examples are also known from Cheshire and Herefordshire (Davis 2012, Nos.136, 145). Davis (2012, 56) has dated this group to the Acton Park phase in the early stages of the Middle Bronze Age (c.1600-1450 BC).",3,Copper alloy,Wood,,Metal detector,2002-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,38.3,,17,,101.6,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Neath Port Talbot,Neath Port Talbot,Sandfields West,SS7390,,51.594488,-3.834842,NMGW-2C36F4,,Dscn1130.jpg,Spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Dscn1130.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5409.jpg
49759,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Blade fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe probably of Ewart Park metalwork (c. 1000 - 800BC), but of indiscernible type. The fragment was broken in antiquity at the bottom of the socket. There are no ribs present on either face, although little of the face is represented on the fragment. The blade edge is slightly recurved. The casting flashes are visible down both sides and have been neatly finished, probably by hammering. Axe sharpening striations are visible beneath the patination running along the blade on both faces. The fragment is in relatively good condition, with an area of the blade edge surviving and a brown to dark brown patina covering the fragment.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,46.3,,,12.5,24.8,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Newport,Newport,Wentlooge,ST2584,From a paper map,51.549885,-3.083051,NMGW-3BADE2,,DSCN0257.JPG,Socketed Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/krees/DSCN0257.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5605.jpg
49989,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Part of a bronze socketed axe head, probably Late Bronze Age. Only end part of blade remaining, with evidence of socket to inner surfaces.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,73.49,,,14,65,1,Jane Stewart,,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Pattingham and Patshull,,,,,WMID-BB1155,,,,,,,
50102,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"This is a blade end fragment of an indeterminate Middle or Late Bronze Age axe. The broken section has eroded, making it difficult to determine if the axe has fractured at the bottom of the socket of a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age type, or through a solid palstave of the Middle to Late Bronze age. The axe fragment has the remnants of a single rib running down one of the faces. The other face is irregular with large pitting, which may have been a feature of the axe, rather than a corrosion effect. The blade edge has been lost through corrosion but was originally expanded. The axe would have been of slender form, perhaps suggesting a ribbed palstave rather than a socketed axe.
  The original surface of the axe has a light to mid brown patina, but has areas of active green corrosion through the surface.
  
  ",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,43.9,,,9.8,32,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Rudbaxton,,,,,NMGW-D513A1,,DSCN0119.JPG,Blade End,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/krees/DSCN0119.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5843.jpg
50138,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Small three ribbed axe of squat form and virtually complete.  Thin and prominent outsplayed mouth moulding, with loop extending from underside of moulding.  Three slightly divergent longitudinal ribs extend down faces of axe.  External and internal mouth shape ovoid.  Evidence for four runners on mouth top:  three projecting and one scar.  Base of socket is evenly shaped.  Axe has ovoid shaped body with curved side edges.  Sides of axe are slightly divergent but straight, with slight splaying and recurving of blade edges.  Casting flashes down each side have been roughly trimmed.  One face is slightly dented with cracks in the wall visible down one side of one rib and secondly across the face but merging with the first.  Half of the blade edge is missing through damage.  Striations parallel to the blade edge  on the blade bevel, together with a curved blade edge profile indicate that it was sharpened before deposition.  Traces of possible black patination are visible adjacent to the loop and below the mouth moulding.  Patina largely green with green carbonate encrustations.  ",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,134.5,,,54,71.3,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0176,From a paper map,51.47427047,-3.42683086,NMGW-E50C83,,,,,,,
50142,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Complete and slender three-ribbed late Bronze Age socketed axe with outsplayed mouth moulding.  The loop extends from beneath the moulding. Three near parallel but slightly bending longitudinal ribs extend from the underside of the mouth moulding down the blade faces.  Both external and internal socket mouth shapes are sub-rectangular.  Excess metal protrudes around the whole internal edge of the mouth, illustrating the absence of a four runner casting technology.  The sides of this axe are slightly divergent and concave, however there is minimal widening at the blade end and no recurving of the blade edge.  The axe is sub-rectangular in section with slight curvature of the edges.  Prominent casting flashes indicate the lack of axe preparation.  One blade surface is defined by a linear groove, beyind which is a bluntand unprepared cutting edge.  This appears to have been created by the mismatching of mould pieces during casting, since the opposite blade surface bevels evenly to the cutting edge.  The blade edge is flat rather than curved, also suggesting its lack of preparation for use.  Further evidence mould mismatching is provided by an assymetric casting flash down the loop of the axe. No black patination visible.  Green patina with green carbonate encrustations.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,295.8,,,59,99.4,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0176,From a paper map,51.47427,-3.426831,NMGW-E54727,,,,,,,
50145,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Large, complete and flaring Late Bronze Age axe with three ribs.  The axe has a poorly shaped and heavy double mouth moulding and a loop extends from its underside.  Three slightly divergent longitudinal ribs extend from mouth moulding on each face, although they are only porrly defined on one face.  External mouth shape is irregular subrectangular to ovoid, whilst the internal shape is square.  Evidence of four runners on mouth top: two projecting and two negative scars (the latter impossible to measure accurately).  The sides of the axe are markedly concave and divergent, giving the axe a flared character with rewidening and recurving of the sides towards the blade surface. The axe has a rectangular section with a blocky shape and angled sides.  Prominent casting flashes only coarsely trimmed.  Minor casting flaw beneath the mouth moulding as witnessed by a small hole in the wall of the axe (1.5mm diameter).  Single dent towards the blade end on one surface, created in antiquity by a blunt impact.  Straiations parallel to blade edge indiacte sharpening as does marked convexity of blade edge.  Nicks in blade edge may be effect of corrosion rather than evidence of use wear.  Green and grey patination with some green carbonate encrustation.  No black patination visible.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,430.4,,,78,121.8,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0176,From a paper map,51.47427,-3.426831,NMGW-E56DA1,,,,,,,
50149,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Slender, complete and flaring socketed axe with three ribs and a loop extending from the underside of a thin outsplayed mouth moulding.  Three pronounced longitudinal ribs extend from the mouth moulding on each face. On one face they bulge slightly along the mid-length, whilst on the other they bend slightly in parallel at the blade end.  External and internal mouth shape is sub-rectangular.  Evidence of only two runner scars on the mouth suggests absence of a four runner casting technology.  In side view, the mouth of one mould piece is higher than the other, giving an angled and irregular mouth surface.  One mould piece is markedly wider and more bulbous at the mouth end than the other, when viewed from the side.  The casting flashes protrude and have only been coarsely trimmed. The axe is rectangular in section with slightly curved side edges.  The sides are divergent and concave in shape, flaring outwards at the blade end, but with no recurving of blade edge visible.  The blade edge is blunt and virtually flat, indicating a lack of preparation for use.  Black encrustation on blade end surfaces.  Rest of axe has green patination overlying a greyish surface with small area of blue colouration on an upper surface between the ribs.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,366.6,,,74,117.9,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0176,From a paper map,51.47427,-3.426831,NMGW-E59C27,,,,,,,
50151,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Complete three ribbed socketed axe with a high placed loop extending from the underside of a thin outsplayed mouth moulding.  Three convergent longitudinal ribs extend from mouth moulding on each face.  Exterior mouth shape is oval, whilst the interior is rectangular.  Four runner bases project 1.5-2.5mm above the mouth top.  The body of the axe is slightly hexagonal in shape with angular side edges.  Base of socket is evenly shaped.  Sides of axe are slightly divergent but straight, with no recurving at the blade edges.  The casting flashes remain prominent, but may have been coarsely trimmed, although excess within the loop-hole has not been trimmed.  The blade edge is nearly flat in side profile, with no striations on the blade bevel visible.  Slight nicks in the blade edge are probably the result of corrosion.  Black encrustation visible on the blade end surfaces.  Rest of the axe has green patination overlying a greyish surface with occasional carbonate encrustations.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,369.3,,,68,105.8,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0176,From a paper map,51.47427,-3.426831,NMGW-E61A93,,,,,,,
50153,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Complete faceted axe of squat baggy shape with eight facets. Mouth is flared and trumpet shaped, with sub-rectangular internal and external shape. There are no haft ribs inside the socket and the base of the socket is evenly shaped. Axe has a wide onset collar 13.5mm in width. A low set loop extends from the lower edge of the collar, whilst the facets begin below the collar. The axe has divergent and concave sides expanding at the blade end, but with no recurving of blade edge sides. The casting seams are extremely ephemeral, illustrating the care and skill taken to cast this axe. The mouth surface appears to have been filed flat. The cutting edge has a moderate convex curve, with striations parallel to it on the blade bevel indicating preparation of the blade for use. Green carbonate encrustation over a green-grey patination.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,194.6,,,60,77.2,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0176,From a paper map,51.47427,-3.426831,NMGW-E64084,,,,,,,
50165,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Complete plain and slender axe with wide trumpet shaped and flaring collar.  Insubstantial loop extends from the middle of the onset collar.  The mouth has an oval internal and external shape and the axe is oval in cross section.  Excess metal protrudes around the internal circumference of the mouth top.  The socket narrows to a point.  The sides of the axe are concave and diverge to form a splaying blade edge, whilst the casting flashes have only been coarsely trimmed.  Excess metal within the loop has not been removed.  The blade edge has been extensively damaged  through corrosion, although striations parallel to it on the blade bevel indicate that the blade was at least partially prepared for use.  A slight imperfection in the original mould is visible as a slight linear ridge running down the face of the collar and below onto the upper face.  Green patination with green carbonate encrustation.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,209.5,,,62,107,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0176,From a paper map,51.47427,-3.426831,NMGW-E704A6,,,,,,,
50171,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
Late Bronze socketed axe fragment of Ewart Park metalworking tradition and possibly of South Wales Type. The axe fragment is heavily corroded, with none of the original external surface surviving. The axe has broken in antiquity, and only the bottom blade part is represented. One face has broken at the base of the socket, while the other face is present for approximately a little over half of its original length. The axe is comparatively small and slender, with the sides gently diverging to the blade. No evidence for a splayed blade survives. The more complete face exhibits the remnants of ribs, and appears to have had four (rather than three) parallel or slightly converging ribs. The casting seam may be discerned on both sides, and considering the degree of surface loss, must have been fairly prominent. The blade edge does not survive. The interior of the socket has much better surface preservation and has patches of black colouring, possibly remnants of tenorite.
","Socketed axes of a variety of types are prolific in south Wales as both single and hoarded objects. South Wales axes are the most common, with over 120 examples now known. Examples of both complete and damaged socketed axes in hoards within the National Collection of Wales include St.Mellons, Cardiff (Stanton 1984), Llantwit Major, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, no.281) and Penwyllt, Ystradgynlais, Powys (Savory 1980, no.284).

Socketed axes of a variety of forms belong to the Ewart Park phase of the British Late Bronze Age (Needham 1981, 32-37). Recently, this phase has been radiocarbon dated to 1020-800BC cal (Needham et al. 1997; Needham 1996).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,55.2,,,12.8,52,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Pont-y-Clun,ST0380,From a paper map,51.51057249,-3.39914405,NMGW-E75E26,,Dscn1184.jpg,Socketed axe (inside socket),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Dscn1184.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5916.jpg
50190,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1200,"Incomplete dirk missing both the butt and point, and of Middle Bronze Age date . The dirk has a plain ogival shaped blade with a rounded central rib producing a flattened lozenge cross-section. The butt no longer survives, however the blade size and shape suggest it to be a Group II dirk (Burgess & Gerloff 1981). The butt has corroded to a trapezoidal form, although this should not imply any similarity to the butt when complete. None of the corroded notches around the butt can be positively identified as rivet holes, however it is tempting to see the arc near the top of the dirk as the possible remnants of a rivet hole. The condition of the dirk is generally poor with large areas of the surface missing, and has an orange-brown patination.","Most dirks of group II can be confidently ascribed to Acton Park metalworking tradition although occasional examples have been found associated with Taunton phase metalwork (Burgess & Gerloff 1981, p44-45). This example is likely to date from Period 5 (Needham 1996), and was probably produced sometime between 1500 and 1200 BC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,33.2,,,4.7,140.7,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthen,SN3819,From finder,51.84603,-4.353209,NMGW-E97802,,Dscn1189.jpg,Dirk,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Dscn1189.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5918.jpg
50325,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,Fragment of an axe blade only one half of the blade remains. ,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.47,,,6.2,30.7,1,Kurt Adams,,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Lissington,TF0983,,53.332694,-0.364647,NLM-0F6E94,,nlm07253.jpg,nlm07253.jpg,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/nlm07253.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/5997.jpg
51504,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Blade end fragment from a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, probably from the Ewart Park metalworking tradition, dated to c.1000-800BC. The axe fragment comprises of an eroded blade edge and bottom of the socket, much of the original surface has been lost. The axe would have been of comparatively slender form and possibly had re-curved sides. The surface on one face has the remnants of two of the (probable) three ribs, which appear to be running parallel to one another.","The axe fragment was found associated with a casting jet for a South Wales axe (NMGW-126833), and the find thus constitutes metalworking hoard. The four runner nature of the jet might indicate the axe fragment was a South Wales axe.",3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,53.5,,,15.7,33.5,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llangybi,ST3795,,51.650247,-2.911991,NMGW-B88605,,DSCN1395.JPG,Axe socket,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN1395.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/7501.jpg
51537,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,,"
A copper alloy blade tip, probably from a sword of late Bronze Age date. The cross section is lenticular with a curved midrib. The surface is well preserved with traces of grinding.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,61,1,David W Williams,,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Crawley,SU4435,From a paper map,51.112611,-1.372819,SUR-CCCA87,,SUR_CCCA87dwg.tif,Tip of the blade of a sword.,Suffolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/SUR_CCCA87dwg.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/55694.jpg
51606,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
Blade end fragment from a Late Bronze Age socketed axe. The axe-head is represented by the blade and base of the socket only, none of the original surface survives. The axe blade would have been comparatively slender and has a gently curving blade edge. The sides are rounded and no remnants of casting flashes survive. Neither face shows evidence of ribs, although they may not be expected to be seen at the level of the fragment.
","A large variety of complete and fragmentary socketed axes were deposited as single finds and in hoards during the Ewart Park metalworking phase of the Late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC). The fragmentation of blade ends broken across the internal socket aperture is a common occurrence and may have been deliberate. For instance, four socketed axe blade ends are known in the Late Bronze Age hoard from St. Nicholas, Vale of Glamorgan.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,32.2,,,10.7,22.6,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Torfaen,Torfaen,New Inn,SO3001,From finder,51.703356,-3.014357,NMGW-DFEDB7,,DSCN1403.JPG,Axe blade (face),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN1403.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/7655.jpg
51627,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,Blade fragment from a late Bronze Age socketed axe. The base of the socket survives but there is little of the original surface.,,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-02-16T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,39,,1,David W Williams,,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Limpsfield,TQ3953,From finder,51.259224,-0.00932,SUR-E2FA37,,SUR-E2FA37dwg.tif,Blade fragment from a late Bronze Age socketed axe.,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/SUR-E2FA37dwg.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/55675.jpg
51789,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1950,-1700,"Decorated developed flat axe, probably of Class 4E (following Needham forthcoming), corresponding with Schmidt and Burgess' (1981) type Scrabo Hill and with Type Ballyvalley (Harbison 1969) in Ireland. Axes of these types date towards the end of the Early Bronze Age: Needham's (1996) Period 3 c.1950 - 1700 BC/Needham et al.'s (1997) Willerby phase. This axe has the general shape of Type Glenalla, being long and narrow, but has the straight and slightly diverging sides characteristic of Type Scrabo Hill. The axe probably had a comparatively straight and thin butt and straight sides which diverge gradually up to a point near the blade corresponding to the beginning of decoration on the face, after which the sides turn out sharply to the expanded crescentic blade edge. The sides are worked up forming low, poorly defined flanges and are decorated with a hammered elliptical design. The faces are flat with a weak, slightly curved median bevel, the position of which approximately corresponds with the edge of the decoration. The blade has one well defined blade facet, and the blade edge has been lost. The decoration is concentrated on the blade and is composed of oblique chiselled regular strokes of 'rain' pattern confined at the top and bottom by two tight rows of opposing diagonals forming a herring-bone motif within a punched dot border, and on the sides by a single column of tight diagonals outside a punched dot column. The diagonal markings edged by punched dots extend up both sides with a single column in the centre, which ends well before the butt. The axe is in good condition with much of the surface surviving on one face, but fairly extensive pitting on the other face.","Axes of this type have a predominantly Irish distribution with a concentration in the northern half of the country (Harbison 1969); Harbison notes 846 Irish examples of Type Ballyvalley in his catalogue (ibid). The axe can be paralleled with an example found near Ballina, Co. Mayo (No 825, ibid.), which has similar decoration and is of similar dimensions, but differs in the fact that the example has two blade facets.



However, Class 4E axes are widely distributed across Britain (Needham 1983). In Wales, approximately 13 certain or probable Class 4E axes are currently known though none with comparable decoration. A 4E axe from Penrhyndeudraeth, Gwynedd, is decorated with small strokes in vertical and horizontal bands across the axe faces (Needham 1983, Fig.40.1), while one from Overton, Wrexham (NMGW-4596D8) is described as having a raindrop pattern. The flanges of a 4E axe found at Knighton, Powys (PUBLIC-905653), are decorated with a herringbone pattern.



A smaller, but similarly decorated 4E axe is known from Suffolk, which possessing cable decorated flanges and a panel of incised chevron decoration on both faces below a median bevel (Needham 1983, Fig.39, Sf 32).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,447.8,,,14.1,150.5,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Isle of Anglesey,Isle of Anglesey,Llanbadrig,SH3692,From a paper map,53.399277,-4.468163,NMGW-6152E8,,DSCN1424.JPG,Bronze Age Developed flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN1424.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/7747.jpg
51790,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1350,"Early midribbed (Group II) palstave, probably of Type Liswerry and probably dating to the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age and belonging to Acton Park metalworking tradition c. 1450-1350 BC. The palstave has a narrow form and is parallel sided at the rear, extending as far as the beginning of the blade. The blade sides gradually diverge to a point corresponding to a blade facet on the face, after which it expands into wide blade producing a deep crescentic blade edge. Remnants of the casting seams are visible on both sides. The butt is concave and the flanges at the rear of the axe are straight as far as immediately before the straight stop. The blade thickness is shallower than the flanges, producing a gradient from the blade to the stop. The stop on one face extends beyond the height of the flanges. The sides of the face on the blade have low flange extensions, which continue as far as the blade facet, as does the single rib on each face.","Dating early palstaves remains problematic, Norhtover (forthcoming) has stated that Group II palstaves belong to the earlier stages of Acton Park (or Acton Park 1), and Needham (1996) argues that no true metalwork assemblage can be defined as Acton Park 1 and groups Acton Park 2 with Taunton in his Period 5 (1500-1150 BC), Needham's (1996) C14 dating of a broad-bladed shield pattern palstave, however, was dated to 1 sigma to 1610-1420 BC (OXA -4651). Northover (forthcoming) notes the composition of some Liswerry palstaves, including Liswerry itself produced signatures consistent with Taunton phase metalworking (c. 1350-1200 BC) The distribution of early midribbed palstaves in Wales and the Marches is generally south eastern in contrast to a mainly northern distribution of shield pattern palstaves.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,371.9,,,33.6,151,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Isle of Anglesey,Isle of Anglesey,Llanbadrig,SH3692,From a paper map,53.399277,-4.468163,NMGW-61A406,,DSCN1421.JPG,Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN1421.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/7746.jpg
52075,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-2150,"An Early Bronze Age copper tanged dagger associated with the Beaker period (2500-2150 BC). The blade, which is triangular in plan, is very thin and flat. The cutting edge is concave and the tip of the knife is rounded and slightly damaged. The tang is flat in section, plain and has hammered flanges.

This dagger is similar to examples found during the excavation of barrows at Mere, Wiltshire and Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire (Gerloff 1975, 28-29 nos. 6-7 Pl. 1).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-07-20T23:00:00Z,,,,84.5,,,,179,1,Philippa Walton,,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Witton Gilbert,NZ2245,From finder,54.799402,-1.65932,NCL-093B77,,Picture 003.jpg,Witton Gilbert: Early Bronze Age Beaker period copper tanged dagger,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/Picture 003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/9308.jpg
52318,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bladed end of a bronze late Bronze Age axehead, probably of socketed type.  The axehead, including the blade, is heavily worn.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,17,64,1,Andrew Richardson,,South East,Medway,Medway,Cuxton,TQ7167,From a paper map,51.376302,0.455585,KENT-B12FF5,,KENTB12FF5c.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/KENTB12FF5c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/9724.jpg
52458,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Copper Alloy blade-end fragment of palstave, probably Middle Bronze Age. Central rib evident to each surface, both surfaces also pitted. Relatively narrow blade.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,11,65,1,Jane Stewart,,,Walsall,Walsall,,,,,,WMID-16A4E5,,,,,,,
52544,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-1500,Bronze Age flat axe,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,119,1,Nick Herepath,,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Wigglesworth,SD8056,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.99964,-2.306591,LVPL-1B0202,,1B0202.jpg,Flat Axehead,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/1B0202.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/9338.jpg
52603,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1200,"Copper alloy socketed side looped spearhead.  Two elongated socket loops at the side of the shaft, circa 20mm below the wings.  The shaft is broken at the base.  Only the lower part of the wings remain, and they appear to be leaf-shaped.  Side looped spearheads are thought to date to the early to middle Middle Bronze Age, although only a few examples have so far been found in context.  For a detailed discussion of the origin and development of this type of spearhead, please refer to: Rowlands, M.J. 1976 The Organisation of Middle Bronze Age Metalworking, p49; in BAR Vol. 31(i), 1976.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,90,1,Adam Daubney,,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Bardney,TF1366,From a paper map,53.17911321,-0.31063841,LIN-30C9F7,,LIN667.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy side looped spearhead,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN667.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/295858.jpg
52729,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1300,-1100,"In plan the arrowhead has a sub-rhomboid shape. However it is incomplete as the lower portion of the socket is broken and missing. In section the central socted forms a rounded hump which then immediately tapers to teh blade edge. 
     
     The tip of the arrowhead is blunt and rounded. The blade edges are tapered and narrow in depth as the edges splay outwards. The surface is slightly pitted. 
     
     The socket is broken just below the 'rhomboid' corners. The break is not recent, but does not appear to have occurred in antiquity. The patina is slightly different on the break. The socket is 8.5mm in diameter. The socket void is slightly off-centre, therefore the thickness of its walls vary.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,11.3,52.2,1,Philip Watson,,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,White Ladies Aston,SO9251,,52.157217,-2.118355,WAW-9782C7,,,,,,,
52830,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"The palstave appears to have lost about 20mm from the butt in antiquity, but in other respects is in very fine condition, though beginning to lose small patches of its fine patinated surface, especially around the sharp recurved blade.  The surviving length is 130mm, probably originally 148mm; the width of the blade is 65mm, of the septum 25mm, and the depth of the flanges is 28mm.  The face view has an essentially straight septum and wide blade; the side view a smooth curve from blade to flange.  The ledge stop is approximately square in face view and there is a hollow at the base of the septum on each side.  There is no ‘nick’ at the junction of flange and blade, a design feature of several early palstave types, but here the reminisence of the earlier flanged axe design lies rather in the slight extension of the flanges below the stop.  On both faces there is a rounded swelling below the stop.  This is perhaps a variant of the ""shield pattern' seen on so many Welsh palstaves, but it is not defined by a raised moulding.
     
     The piece has been competently cast and the casting seams have been ground down, but a slight misalignment of the two valves of the mould has meant that a small area on the side has not received the fine polish that is evident on the rest of the surface.  This accident demonstrates the effort that had been made to create the fine dark surface and raises the question of the extent to which particular colour and surface effects might be deliberate.  There is evidence of neat horizontal hammering underlying the polished surface on the blade facet.  The hammer or punch used was rectangular, 5 x 2mm.","It is a particularly interesting piece for two reasons; it belongs to a relatively rare group of early unlooped palstaves which are characteristic of mid-Wales and arguably ancestral to the established palstaves of the influential Acton Park Complex in north Wales; and its exceptionally finely polished black surface raises questions about the possibility of deliberate patination of such pieces.
     
     The closest parallel to this piece is a very slightly larger palstave found in the nineteenth century at Clochfaen near Llangurig (Mont) which has been used to exemplify a sub-group of the early shield pattern palstaves (Williams 1895, 243 no.5; Chitty 1949; Burgess 1964).  It has the appropriate proportions, less clumsy than the true Acton Park type, with a wide splayed blade and narrow smooth flanges seen from the side.  The Clochfaen palstave has a shield moulding on only one face so its absence on the Maerdy example does not preclude its association with the Clochfaen Group.  Other members of the group (now re-named 'Llandderfel' (Northover unpublished catalogue)) are found in Anglesey and Gwynedd (7), Denbighshire/Flintshire (3) and Cheshire/Shropshire/Montgomery (7 + this new one); only 4 have come from Glamorgan and the southern Marches.  As possibly ancestral to the Acton Park palstaves, it is likely to date from shortly before 1500 BC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-20T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,130,1,F Lynch,,Wales,Powys,Powys,Llandrinio,SJ2516,GPS (from the finder),52.73641,-3.112233,CPAT-D57467,,1484-12.jpg,Bronze age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhankin/1484-12.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10183.jpg
53111,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,,,"A copper alloy ring. The ring is an irregular circular shape, with an external diameter of 26mm and an internal diameter of 18mm. One surface of the ring is flat, whilst the other is raised.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,4,,26,,,1,Tom Brindle,,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Islip,SP9979,From a paper map,52.40007,-0.546336,NARC-AA5483,,NARC-AA6FA4 - copper alloy ring.jpg,Copper alloy ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-AA6FA4 - copper alloy ring.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10398.jpg
53152,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"""Recorded at Hidden Treasure event at Liverpool Museum"" Tip of chisel or tool.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,7,32,1,Nick Herepath,,,,,,,,,,LVPL-BD52C2,,DSCN0308.JPG,Chisel,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/DSCN0308.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10566.jpg
53244,Bucket,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Cast, shouldered and tanged object fragment. Decorated in parallel grooves on one face, plain and flat on the other. Tang and shoulder at about 40 degree angle from horizontal. Tang and decorated 'body' ends broken - old breaks. Patinated medium brown-dark green.","Found in same area as Bronze Age hoard (sword and c.12 socketed axes). Possibly related to Treasure Act 1996. 

Recorded at the BBC Hidden Treasures day at cambridge 11/10/2003.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,1.6,50,1,Colin Pendleton,,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Barley,,,,,BH-D1E633,,,,,,,
53299,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axehead. Both the upper and lower surface of the axehead are very pitted and worn. There is a small worn knob on one of the rectangular edges which is all that remains of the loop.
    A similar example from Haydon Bridge, is on display in the Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,34.2,,,,40.04,1,Philippa Walton,,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Wooler,NU0126,From finder,55.527737,-1.985716,NCL-E7B5F0,,BAthingB.jpg,Late Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/BAthingB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10596.jpg
53621,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Incomplete palstave, butt end damaged and corroded. Incipient stop ridge, flanges extent to cutting edge. ",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,80,1,Nick Herepath,,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Whitchurch Rural,SJ5835,From a paper map,52.910776,-2.625978,LVPL-65A960,,DSCN0286.JPG,Palstave,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/DSCN0286.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10928.jpg
53657,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-700,"One half of the item consists of a flattened tang (ie, it has two wide, flat opposing surfaces and two narrower opposing surfaces) for insertion into a handle. It has a roughly squared distal end and, at its proximal end, where it meets the stem, a hint of a shoulder, to prevent it passing too far into the handle.
    
    The stem is roughly the same length as the tang and tapers gradually to a point. It is sub-circular in section.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,9.1,,,4.5,60,1,Julian Watters,,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Lilley,TL1128,,51.939442,-0.386698,BH-6809F5,,awl031000b.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,Verulamium museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/awl031000b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/11510.jpg
53692,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"This Late Bronze Age socketed axe weighs 94.74g, has a length of 71.42mm and a width of 26.86mm. It is subrectangular in plan, having short, straight sides typical of the Shoebury variant of the southeast axe type. The cutting edge of the axe is missing. Instead the axe ends in a semicircular shape that is blunted and very worn. The mouth is subcircular in section, appearing quite ‘squarish’ with an internal diameter of 22.14mm. The collar is broken and the moulding beneath almost rubbed away. The loop is missing and the remaining lugs are similarly very worn down. There is no decoration on the axe. The casting seams are visible on both sides of the axe. The patina is dark green with large areas of dark brown, inside and out. The Shoebury variant is one of the most common southeast axe forms and the eponymous find from Essex (Schmidt and Burgess, 1981, The axes of Scotland and Northern Britain, pages 213-214).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,94.74,,,,71.42,1,Paul Sealey,,Eastern,Essex,,,,,,,ESS-699871,,DSCN0062.JPG,Late Bronze Age Axe mouth,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/DSCN0062.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/10955.jpg
53970,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"Six fragments from at least two Late Bronze Age copper alloy swords. They appear to form part of a metalworkers' hoard. The swords have been deliberately broken into fragments so that they can be easily melted down. One fragment appears to have already been subjected to intense heat and is partially melted. 

    
    There are two large pieces of sword blade. Both are lentoidal in section and have a pronounced line along each cutting edge. One fragment measures 100.78mm  by 31.85mm and is a maximum of 6.29mm thick. The other is 104.2mm by 40.44mm and is a maximum of 6.73mm thick. There are two further sword blade fragments. One measures 73mm by 36.25mm and is 5.83mm thick; the other measures 27.15mm by 36.18mm and is 4.97mm thick.

    
    There are also two fragments of sword handles. The larger of the two fragments measures 63.21mm by 37.84mm and is 3.36mm thick. It has marginal ribs running down its edges and two circular perforations. One is filled with iron corrosion. This suggests that at least this fragment can be dated to the cusp between the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age (c. 600BC). The other sword handle is more corroded. It is similar in shape and measures 32.98mm by 40.57mm and is 4.71mm thick. The circular rivet hole can be seen on the broken edge of the handle.
    

    A single circular section, copper alloy rivet was found with the fragments of sword. It measures 18.28mm in length and 2.84mm in diameter.",,3,Copper alloy,Iron,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-07-31T23:00:00Z,2002-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,6,Philippa Walton,,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Ainderby Steeple,,,,,NCL-E8BE18,,bronzeagesword 006.jpg,Fragments of Bronze Age swords,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/bronzeagesword 006.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/11566.jpg
54030,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1950,-1700,"Small developed flat axe or cast-flanged axe, probably of Class 4E (following Needham forthcoming), corresponding with Schmidt and Burgess' (1981) type Bandon and with Type Derryniggin (Harbison 1969) in Ireland. Axes of these types date towards the end of the Early Bronze Age: Needham's (1996) Period 3 c.1950 - 1700 BC/Needham et al.'s (1997) Willerby phase. The axe appears to have lost the majority of its original surface, and problems in identifying surface detail are further enhanced by a thick coating of glossy varnish applied by the finder. The butt is thin and rounded and both sides are slightly concave and curve outwards to the blade tips to define an expanded blade with a crescentic cutting edge. The flange facets are comparatively low, and define thin-pointed oval.sides. A stop is now only barely discernible on one face, and is positioned approximately mid way along the axe. Blade facets are evident on both faces. No decoration is discernible on any of the faces or sides.","The axe can be paralleled with a number of similar, but slightly larger axes, found near the findspot (NMGW unpublished records). Within the National Museum of Wales' collections similar examples have been found at Margam, Port Talbot (Savory 1980, No. 122) and Breach Farm, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, No. 338) associated with a cremation burial recently radiocarbon dated to c.1750-1600 BC.



Class 4E axes are widely distributed across Britain, with examples similar to the Llandow axe known from Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire (Needham 1983, Ca 8, Ca 10, Li 15/2). In Wales, approximately 13 certain or probable Class 4E axes are currently known. Several are decorated (e.g. Llanbradig, Isle of Anglesey NMGW-6152E8), but the majority are undecorated. Comparable examples have been found at Nelson, Caerphilly (NMGW-E6DCD2) and Caerwys, Flintshire (Green 1985, 275, Fig.1).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,82.3,,,10.6,73.6,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llandow,SS9675,,51.464384,-3.498502,NMGW-FDBB88,,DSCN1744.JPG,Axe (side),National Museums and Galleries of Wales,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN1744.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/11593.jpg
54091,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bronze casting jet from the production of a South Wales (Stogursey) Type socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date, c. 950-750BC. The casting jet is corroded, but displays the remnants of the characteristic four runners used to produce the South Wales Type axe during the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age. The upper face of the jet is flat, while the lower face is irregular and concave, with the remnants of the four projections. The jet is of irregular oval shape and does not have a central aperture, it is of a light - mid brown colour with very little of the original surface surviving.","The casting jet was found associated with a ribbed socketed axe blade fragment (NMGWPA 2003.144.1; NMGW-B88605) and is similar in condition and colour to the axe fragment. The four-runner casting technology of the jet may lend further weight to the suggestion that the axe fragment is from a South Wales Type axe. The association of contemporary artefacts suggest the metalwork forms a small hoard deposited during the Late Bronze Age and is therefore likely to constitute Treasure under the revision of the Treasure Act 1996. Four-runner casting jets have recently been identified and recorded in a number of hoard discoveries in South Wales, including the St Nicholas, Cowbridge, and Brigam Farm metalwork hoards. Further recorded examples now in the National Museums & Galleries of Wales Collections have been recovered from St Mellons, Cardiff and the Penwyllt, Ystradgynlais Hoard.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,25.6,,,9.9,40.5,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llangybi,ST3795,From finder,51.650247,-2.911991,NMGW-126833,,DSCN1598.JPG,Jet (top side),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN1598.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/11661.jpg
54106,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1400,"Early Bronze Age flat axehead.  The axe has an expanded blade with a crescentic cutting edge.  The tapering shaft sides are rounded, and the object is broken before the butt.  The blade width is 93mm, and the broken butt end measures 30mm in width.
   
   Similar examples have been found at Scunthorpe, South Kyme and from the Witham at Lincoln (Davey 1973, fig.2).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,9,93,1,Adam Daubney,,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Nettleham,SK9975,From a paper map,53.262771,-0.517248,LIN-12E603,,LIN737B.jpg,Side of flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN737B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/11665.jpg
54140,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-900,Tip fragment of a copper alloy socketed spearhead.  The spearhead is hollow in the centre.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1998-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,6,47,1,Adam Daubney,,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Ewerby and Evedon,TF1049,From a paper map,53.026991,-0.361323,LIN-24C716,,LIN825C.JPG,Bronze age speartip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN825C.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/11682.jpg
54956,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A possible fragment of a copper alloy Bronze Age rapier. The object starts at a width of 21 mm and narrows to a width of 19 mm wide and so would presumably have come from a part of the blade which was fairly close to the stabbing end. The fragment has one flat surface which tapers to an edge on either side, making the item lonzenge shaped in section.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,12.4,,,6,25,1,Tom Brindle,,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,,SX0150,From finder,50.316269,-4.796581,NARC-3B75B6,,NARC-3B75B6 - blade.jpg,Blade fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-3B75B6 - blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/13444.jpg
54959,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A possible fragment of a copper alloy Bronze Age rapier. The object starts at a width of 17 mm and narrows to a width of 16 mm wide and so would presumably have come from a part of the blade which was fairly close to the stabbing end. The fragment has one flat surface which tapers to an edge on either side, making the item lozenge shaped in section.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,7.8,,,5.4,18,1,Tom Brindle,,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,,SX0042,From finder,50.24407,-4.806377,NARC-3BAE08,,NARC-3BAE08 - blade fragment.jpg,Blade fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-3BAE08 - blade fragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/13445.jpg
55099,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Incomplete spearhead of Greenwell and Brewis’s Rapier type, Class IVa, broken at the top of the loops and about a third of the way along the blade.  The socket is highly accentuated in profile and is quite angular in section, reaching a point.  The wings are very flat in comparison.  Surface is heavily pitted and the blade edges are badly damaged.  Length 52mm",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,52,1,Katie Hinds,,South West,Swindon,Swindon,Wanborough,SU2085,From a paper map,51.563526,-1.71287,WILT-9145D6,,ebbage spearhead.jpg,"MBA spearhead fragment, rapier type",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/ebbage spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/13531.jpg
55241,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"An Arreton type bronze flanged axe head; the surfaces of the axe are very corroded but the object is whole. The body of the axe is narrow, measuring a maximum of 30.27mm in width. The body of the axe is marginally flanged on both its upper and lower surface. The blade, measuring 50.56mm in width, expands from the body and is crescentic in shape. The cutting edge is damaged.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,196.5,,,13.5,108.96,1,Philippa Walton,,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Haydon,NY8565,From a paper map,54.979376,-2.235895,NCL-B54DB4,,,,,,,
55285,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment. Only the lower blade is intact. It is 30mm long, 28mm wide at the broken edge, and 40mm wide at the cutting edge. The blade is expanded and there are horizontal scratches and striations indicating that the blade has been re-sharpened. The blade edge is mostly intact,  although there are corrosion chips on it. The axe has a dark patina. 
 

    
    Recorded at the Hidden Treasures roadshow in Market Harborough.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,30,2,Wendy Scott,,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Kibworth Beauchamp,SP6893,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.530634,-0.999028,LEIC-B80AF1,,B80AF1.jpg,B80AF1.jpg,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/B80AF1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20854.jpg
55709,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-950,"
Complete, but damaged Late Bronze Age plain socketed axe-head. The axe is comparatively long and slender in form. The mouth is somewhat circular, but the socket profile is sub-square and the axe has a sub-rectangular body section. The collar is simple and flared with no mouldings. The mouth-edge surface no longer survives, but the axe was likely to have been cast using a two-runner casting technique. The loop (now broken) is slight and of oval-section, springing from the underside of the collar, and gently arcs back to the side. The sides are straight or slightly concave before they recurve to the blade end. The casting seams are clear on both sides and have been neatly finished, probably by abrasion. The blade end has been damaged, but would have been expanded and curved. Both faces have clear hammered-marks on the lower third of the axe. Sharpening striations running along the blade edge are visible on both faces. One face has many striations running along the length of the axe, but it is unclear if these are deliberate or from antiquity. The axe is in comparatively good condition with a dark green patina, but with areas of damage at the mouth and blade. The top of the axe has a patchy black coating or deposit, possibly tenorite.
","The axe is likely to be an early socketed axe, probably of Wilburton type and metalworking tradition, and dating to c. 1100 - 950BC. Mineralised wood deposits were removed from the socket and retained at NMGW.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,199.5,,,30.3,109.6,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Tintern,SO5200,From finder,51.696683,-2.695892,NMGW-388961,,DSCN1850.JPG,Axe (mouth),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN1850.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/14127.jpg
55929,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1020,-800,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of Ewart Park metalworking tradition (c. 1000-800 BC). The axe is of South Wales (Stogursey) Type and is typical of Ewart Park axe heads found in south east Wales. The axe is comparatively short and squat. The socket is sub-rectangular, within an irregular mouth, clearly showing remnants of all four casting runners. The loop is of lozenge section and begins immediately beneath the simple angled collar moulding. The sides curve gently to a slightly expanded blade, producing a curved blade edge. The casting seams shows signs of finishing, probably by hammering, although they seem unfinished near the top of the axe on the unlooped side. Both faces are decorated with three parallel ribs, which appear high and crisp. The sides of the face have a suggestion of enhancing, possibly to resemble ribs. The blade on the better preserved face shows evidence of hammering and sharpening striations near the blade edge. The blade edge has been lost through damage.","South Wales axes and variants are prolific in south east Wales with over 120 examples now known as single finds and in hoards. Examples of both complete and damaged socketed axes in hoards within the National Collection of Wales include St.Mellons, Cardiff (Stanton 1984), Llantwit Major, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, no.281) and Penwyllt, Ystradgynlais, Powys (Savory 1980, no.284).



This example represents a northerly outlier to the main distribution.



South Wales socketed axes and related types belong to the Ewart Park phase of the British Late Bronze Age (Needham 1981, 32-37). Recently, this phase has been radiocarbon dated to 1020-800BC cal (Needham et al. 1997; Needham 1996).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,168.8,,,41.1,85.7,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Powys,Powys,Glyn Tarell,SN9925,From a paper map,51.91434,-3.469821,NMGW-718725,,DSCN1882.JPG,Axe (looped side),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN1882.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/14270.jpg
56538,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Bronze age side looped socketed spearhead, 72mm long and 33mm wide. The object has broken in two where the loops are positioned so these have gone, but the pieces still join together. Some of the original surface is present and the tip looks blunted rather than missing.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,3,72,1,Wendy Scott,,East Midlands,Leicestershire,,,,,,,LEIC-48F556,,DSCN0629.JPG,48F556,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/DSCN0629.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/16506.jpg
56632,Slag,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-800,"A collection of 11 assorted broken copper-alloy items and slag. Six of the items appear to be slag from a copper-alloy smelting process. The further five items seem to relate to a copper-alloy vessel of some type, although they do not all appear to have come from a single vessel.","These finds were found close to a polishing stone, fragments of Bronze Age axes, and a worked flint, suggesting that this was an area of fairly intensive Bronze Age activity, probably a manufacturing site.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,193,,,,,11,Tom Brindle,,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Flore,SP6459,From finder,52.225495,-1.064463,NARC-5DF420,,NARC-5DF420 -slag.jpg,Fragments of bronze working remains and possible vessels. ,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-5DF420 -slag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/14847.jpg
56643,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-900,The extreme tip from a spear with a thick (c6mm) central rib tapering either side into the blade.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,2.8,,,,19,1,David W Williams,,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Little Abington,TL5349,From a paper map,52.118151,0.233224,SUR-5EE676,,03.332.jpg,Spear tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/03.332.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/12116.jpg
56644,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,A blade section. The blade tapers smoothly outwards from a rounded central ridge.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,13.94,,,,26,1,David W Williams,,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Little Abington,TL5349,From a paper map,52.118151,0.233224,SUR-5EFCB0,,03.333.jpg,Sword,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/03.333.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/12117.jpg
56661,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"This item is possibly a fragment of the butt from a copper-alloy Bronze Age palstave axe. The object is convexed at one end, whilst the other end has been broken. The item tapers in thickness from 7.5mm at the broken end to 3mm at the convexed end.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,11.1,,,7.5,27,1,Tom Brindle,,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Flore,SP6459,From finder,52.225495,-1.064463,NARC-5FCE05,,NARC-5FCE05 -axefragment.jpg,Fragment of Palstave Axe,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-5FCE05 -axefragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/14873.jpg
56663,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"This copper-alloy item is likely to be a fragment from a Bronze Age socketed axe. The curviture in the item suggests that it may be a fragment from where the axe widens, before actually becoming socketed. There is a ridge at one end of the fragment, perhaps reflecting where the axehead expanded to become a socket for the handle.  ",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,14.6,,,5.9,32,1,Tom Brindle,,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Flore,SP6459,From finder,52.225495,-1.064463,NARC-6009C3,,NARC-6009C3 socketedaxe.jpg,Socketed Axe fragment,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-6009C3 socketedaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/14874.jpg
56664,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a probable late Bronze Age socketed axe. The curvature suggests that it may be a fragment from where the axe widens, before actually becoming socketed. There is a ridge at one end of the fragment, perhaps reflecting where the axehead expanded to become a socket for the handle. The fragment is very smooth on the interior surface.  ",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,5.2,,,3.4,16.5,1,Tom Brindle,,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Flore,SP6459,From finder,52.225495,-1.064463,NARC-604236,,NARC-604236 -socketedaxe.jpg,Socketed Axe fragment,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-604236 -socketedaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/14875.jpg
56705,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Very worn, denuded and pitted with corrosion. Stop ridge present.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,18,128,1,Nick Herepath,,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Weaverham,SJ6174,From finder,53.261557,-2.586117,LVPL-72C756,,DSCN0536.JPG,Middle Bronze Age palstave,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/DSCN0536.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/14901.jpg
56724,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-800,"A copper-alloy, Bronze Age tanged chisel. The chisel blade is wedge shaped, widening from 9 mm nearest the tang to 12 mm at the tip of the blade. The blade also decreases in thickness, from 4.6 mm nearest the tang to 1.2 mm at the blade's end. The item is thickest where the blade meets the tang, at 6.5 mm, and at this point it is decorated with a thin band which loops the object. The blade is 19 mm in length and the tang is 26 mm long. The tang is cone shaped and narrows to a point at the end where it would have been set within a handle. The item is 45 mm in total length.","This item was found in an area which has produced evidence of bronze working, along with some fragments of probable Bronze Age axes, a worked flint, and a linen smoother or polishing stone. It is therefore possible that the activity at this site represents a Bronze Age manufacturing process. ",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,5.7,,,6.5,45,1,Tom Brindle,,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Flore,SP6459,From finder,52.225495,-1.064463,NARC-742185,,NARC-742185 -BAchisel.jpg,Bronze Age Chisel,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-742185 -BAchisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/14908.jpg
57075,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Cast copper alloy tip fragment from a Bronze Age socketed spear head. The tip is lozenge shaped in section with a fairly high mid rib. The blade edges are very worn, however the fragment tapers from circa 17mm at its widest end, to circa 10mm at the other end.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,9,34,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,,,,,,,,,LIN-F2D255,,LIN1043B.JPG,LIN1043B,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN1043B.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/15136.jpg
57293,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,A bent fragment of sword blade. There is a slight taper to the edges. The central ridge tapers smoothly into the blade edges.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,17.96,,,,27,1,David W Williams,,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Normandy,SU9352,From a paper map,51.259586,-0.668586,-SUR 838000000000000000000000000000000000000.00,,SUR-838e36dwg.tif,A bent fragment of sword blade,Suffolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/SUR-838e36dwg.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/48775.jpg
57354,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1300,"A complete copper-alloy Liss-type annular bracelet/arm-ring of Rowland's Class D2. Liss-type bracelets are characterised by the form of the incised decoration. This example has at least three, but probably more zones of geometric decoration consisting of zig-zags made up of three or four lines with dotted borders divided by wide bands of cross-hatching. There is a cord motif on the lower edge with a row of dots above it. The bracelet, which has an internal diameter of 60mm, an external diameter of 85mm and a width of 18mm has a sub-triangular section with a convex outer edge and a pointed apex inwards. The surfaces are heavily pitted and much of the decoration is missing. Signs of bronze disease.



Bracelets of this type and other mid-Bronze Age 'ornament horizon' artefacts are not common finds. These bracelets concentrate in the southern counties of Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset and West Sussex and examples are also known from Suffolk and Norfolk. Incised decorated bracelets form part of a North European tradition, which has led to the suggestion that the examples from southern England may be imported from northern France, although this theory has been questioned (O'Connor 1980). While some of the known bracelets come from hoards containing items such as torcs, pins, axes, palstaves and other mid-Bronze Age artefacts, no other objects were found in association with this example. Published by Sally Worrell in Hampshire Studies (2002, no.1).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,85,,,1,Sally Worrell,,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Langrish,SU7124,From a paper map,51.01100904,-0.98931961,FASW-DA4387,,FASW-DA4387b.jpg,Bronze Age bangle,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sworrell/FASW-DA4387b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20103.jpg
57892,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"An Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe. The axehead is in good condition. It measures 103.8mm in length, 31.03mm in width and has a maximum thickness of 12.75mm.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,200,,,12.75,103.8,1,Philippa Walton,,North East,Stockton-on-Tees,Stockton-on-Tees,Stillington and Whitton,NZ3522,From finder,54.591983,-1.459867,NCL-292391,,jantynesidefinds 002.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/jantynesidefinds 002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/16159.jpg
58009,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A Bronze Age axehead. The surface of the axe is smooth and not pitted. The blade is sharp, with an irregular cutting edge and is almost semi-circular in shape. The body of the axehead has a small vertical rib and rectangular depression. There is a rectangular socket to hold the handle.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,25.91,117.28,1,Philippa Walton,,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,East Keal,TF3763,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.146533,0.046961,NCL-4026D4,,bzzaaxe.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/bzzaaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/16276.jpg
58495,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,,,"Fragment of unidentified copper alloy object, measuring max 22mm by max 17mm, with no original edges and a thickness of max 2mm. It is decorated with two parallel ribs and the surface is quite pitted. The reverse is smooth but not quite flat. Roman? Bronze Age? Medieval?",No image has been taken of this record which was made in 2004,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,2,22,1,Katie Hinds,,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Great Bedwyn,SU2962,From a paper map,51.35633748,-1.58491565,WILT-0FE055,,,,,,,
58498,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,,,"Fragment of unidentified and undatable copper alloy object, roughly triangular in shape less one point, creating two parallel sides, the longer of which is slightly curved. The fragment is pierced (2.5mm diam) just beneath the shorter parallel side. Measures max 28mm by max 17mm, with ?no original edges and less than 1mm thick. the fragment has an ancient feel to it. ?Bronze Age ?Roman, or even Medieval.",No image has been taken of this record which was made in 2004,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,28,1,Katie Hinds,,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Great Bedwyn,SU2962,From a paper map,51.35633748,-1.58491565,WILT-1016A6,,,,,,,
58640,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,An Early Bronze Age flat axe.  The axe is poor condition although a recently-made groove reveals a rich shiny copper beneath the corrosion. Only about 20% of the original surface survives and there is no remaining trace of decoration or of sharpening striations. Also missing is some of the edge profile and the blade. The geology at the findspot is probably acid sandy clay.,"Also handed in for recording were an awl of grey flint and a translucent grey/brown flake, both from the same findspot.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,100,1,David W Williams,,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Northchapel,SU9529,From a paper map,51.052499,-0.645997,SUR-63BDC0,,,,,,,
58802,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"Bronze socketed axe.  The axe has three ribs descending from the lower of two horizontal mouth mouldings.  Attachment loop at side.  The shaft is slightly concave, and the tip is crescent shaped.   Ewart Park Phase.",This axe was found in the early 1900's and recorded in Jan. 2004.  The identification was done from the drawings.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,,,,,,,,,,1,Adam Daubney,,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Bardney,TF1169,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.206489,-0.339509,LIN-9294F6,,LIN1166.JPG,Drawing of bronze age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN1166.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/17250.jpg
59076,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"The tip of a copper-alloy spear of Bronze Age date. A ridge runs down the centre of the spear. The surfaces are pitted due to post-depositional erosion. It is difficult to classify, but its width and general form are similar to an example in Salisbury Museum (see reference below). It measures 26.4mm in length, 17.7mm in width and is 6.6mm thick, with a weight of 10.83g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,,10.83,,,6.6,26.4,1,Julian Watters,,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Braughing,TL4123,From finder,51.887731,0.047396,BH-FB3C44,,Spear.jpg,Bronze Age spear tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/Spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/17591.jpg
59228,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Bronze palstave axe dating to the early Middle Bronze Age, and probably of Taunton or Cemmaes metalworking tradition, Needham et al. (1996) Period 5; c. 1500-1150 BC. The palstave is of an early type and is unlooped, and is also without either a shield pattern or a mid-rib on the blade. The palstave would appear to belong to Group III palstaves of Low-Flanged (Broad-Blade) form, the lack of cast blade decoration on this example makes it difficult to categorise to a specific type, but would appear to be dated to c. 1350-1200BC.  
  The palstave is relatively slight, compared to the more massive Acton Park type. The sides are parallel as far as the stop, and then gradually diverge to a slightly expanded blade. The blade edge is gently curved with a long (14mm) blade facet. The blade sides have been pronounced on the upper blade, forming low ribs. The bar stop is straight and meets the flange at a right angle; on the blade side, the stop is near vertical before arcing to the blade face and forming a ‘bar ledge stop’. The flanges are low, as defined by the type, and diverge laterally to a diagonal step before the stop. The butt is eroded, but seems to have had a V-shaped nick. The sides are slightly rounded and convex. The casting seams are discernible but largely eroded. One side appears wider on one half of the mould side than the other. Much of the surface of the palstave has been lost, but survives to a greater extent on one face and appears to have a black patchy coating or patina.","The palstave is of particular interest because of the unusual absence of cast decoration on the face, and together with the lack of a loop, possibly suggests an earlier date within the type. The relatively sophisticated form and profile however may hint at a slightly later date. Whilst Low-Flanged palstaves are not uncommon finds from the welsh Middle Bronze Age (some 120 recorded examples), a palstave without the characteristic ornament or loop makes the find of archaeological interest and difficult to parallel with known examples.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,309.2,,,26.6,122.7,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Angle,SM8503,From a paper map,51.684491,-5.111647,NMGW-22B071,,DSCN2037.JPG,Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN2037.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/17734.jpg
59707,Strap Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-950,-500,"Small cast ring with loop, probably an inner piece from a composite strap fitting of Late Bronze Age date, and probably of Ewart Park (c. 950 - 750 BC) or Llyn Fawr (c. 750 - 500BC) metalworking tradition. The ring is D-shaped with an integral rectangular delicate loop on the straight side. The faces are flat and the external sides are rounded. The interior is faceted, with possible wear facets along the straight side.","This is likely to represent the inner piece from a composite harness or strap fitting and can be paralleled with examples represented in Late Bronze Age hoards from Parc-Y-Meirch, Denbighshire (Savory, 1980), Welby, Leicestershire (Smith ed., 1957) and a hollow example from Grange-over-Sands, Lancashire (Davey & Forster, 1975). Within the Parc-Y-Meirch hoard there are four similar larger examples. One of the examples (Savory 1980, No. 269:4, 4a) is hollow and fits within a larger ring. Parc-Y-Meich also has an example where the rectangular loop of another ring fits within a slot in a toggle (Savory 1980, No. 271:1-2). The example in the Welby hoard is very similar except that it is approximately twice as large as this example. The Grange-over-Sands piece is a similar size but is hollow.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,4,,7.8,3.8,18.1,1,Mark Lodwick,,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Grittleton,ST8481,From finder,51.527681,-2.232031,NMGW-A0EC15,,DSCN2053.JPG,Ring and loop (side),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN2053.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/18135.jpg
59783,Vessel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,-300,"
Curved cast bronze fragment, possibly a strap handle from a later prehistoric cauldron or metal vessel. The strap fragment has a little of the attachment plate surviving before two wide and rounded ribs. The strap is curved and would have secured the circular ring handle.



Similar fittings can be found on the Llyn Fawr cauldrons and other sheet metal vessels from the Later Prehistoric period.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,14,,,4.7,21.8,1,Mark Lodwick,,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Grittleton,ST8681,From finder,51.527735,-2.203202,NMGW-A60BD5,,DSCN2075.JPG,Strap fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN2075.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/18147.jpg
60075,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"The object is possibly the tip of a spear head. It is made from cast copper alloy, and is a sub-triangular shape in plan. The tip is blunt, the lower edge is broken, but not recently. In section the object is a pointed oval shape. 


   
   The dimensions are 29.8mm long, 10.1mm wide and 3.1mm thick.


   
   The surface is heavily pitted, and has traces of a heavy dark brown patina. It is this patina and pitting which perhaps suggests its prehistoric date.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,,3.03,,,3.1,29.8,1,Angie Bolton,,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP3141,GPS (from the finder),52.066511,-1.549192,WAW-20FB35,,WAW-20FB35.jpg,Possible tip of a Bronze Age spear head.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-20FB35.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/18847.jpg
60305,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"Fragment of cast copper or copper alloy cake.  The ingot is irregularly shaped, measuring 52.12mm by 40.39mm by 30.34mm.  It is probably a product of late Bronze Age metalworking.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,30.34,52.12,1,Andrew Richardson,,South East,Kent,Dartford,Darenth,TQ5670,From a paper map,51.407573,0.241564,KENT-5D74F5,,,,,,,
60697,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead fragment of side-looped type, dating to the Taunton-Penard metalworking phases (c.1400-1100 BC) of the Middle Bronze Age. The spearhead is broken at both ends and would have been short with a flame- or leaf-shaped blade. The circular socket becomes lozenge-shaped as it defines the central rib of the blade. The remnants of both loops are present at the base of the fragment and appear slight with a circular section.","This spearhead as been published by Davis (2012, 106, No.650) and falls within his Group 6 Unclassified (Developed side-looped). Davis notes almost 500 Group 6 spearheads from across Britain dating to the Middle Bronze Age, which have a broad distribution. Davis' spearhead sub-types 6A, 6B and 6C are particularly prevalent across Wales, all of which have 'flame-shaped' blades, which might strengthen the idea that this spearhead originally had a flame-shaped blade, rather than a leaf-shaped blade. The spearhead can be paralleled with a number of similar examples in National Museum & Galleries of Wales' collections (Savory 1980, Nos. 227-230).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,13.4,,8,,40.4,1,Mark Lodwick,,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Weston under Penyard,SO6223,From finder,51.904235,-2.553743,NMGW-B67A91,,DSCN2124.JPG,Spearhead (side),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN2124.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/19252.jpg
60720,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
Blade end fragment from a Late Bronze Age socketed axe of indeterminate type. The fragment has little of the original external surface surviving and the blade edge has been lost. The axe would have been comparatively slender with the sides gently diverging at the blade ends. The blade edge was likely to have been curved. No cast ornament is discernible on the faces.



The break has occurred just above the internal socket aperture, revealing the varying thickness of the socket walls, indicating there was core misalignment during casting, which is a common feature of socketed axes.
","
Breakage of socketed axes above the socket aperture can be observed on numerous other examples from Wales and England, found in both hoards and as single finds. Many fragments such as this display signs of having been deliberately fragmented and it is possible this piece represents the same practice.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,34.5,,,11.4,26,1,Mark Lodwick,,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Woolaston,,,,,NMGW-B6E9A2,,DSCN2121.JPG,"Socketed axe (socket, from above)",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN2121.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/19250.jpg
60762,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"Copper alloy early Bronze Age flat Axehead, 2200-1500 BC. The axehead has a thin narrow rounded butt. The body is thickened at the middle and thins again to a splayed blade and cutting edge. The axehead weights 76.65g and measures 73.13mm in length from butt to cutting edge. At the thickest point across the body of the axehead, it measures 10.24mm and the measurment across the blade is 21.6mm. The surface of the axehead is pitted on both sides.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-16T00:00:00Z,2004-01-16T00:00:00Z,,,76.65,,,10.24,73.13,1,Anna Marshall,,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Goldsborough,SE3856,Centred on parish,53.99864215,-1.42180844,SWYOR-B87A23,,flat axe 2.jpg,Flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/amarshall/flat axe 2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/26766.jpg
60804,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,Fragment (butt end) of a Dirk or Rapier probably dating to the middle Bronze Age. The blade of the Dirk has a pointed oval cross section and a raised central rib. The blade edges appear to have suffered some corrosion as does the butt. The butt is quite rounded due to corrosion but would probably have been trapezoidal in shape and shows the remains of two rivet holes on the left and right side. The object weights 29.81g; the length measurement is 76.22mm; width across butt is 31.05mm; thickness of remaining blade is 3.9mm.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-16T00:00:00Z,2004-01-16T00:00:00Z,,,29.81,,,3.9,76.22,1,Anna Marshall,,Yorkshire and the Humber,Leeds,Leeds,Thorner,SE3740,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.854917,-1.438993,SWYOR-C9CAB7,,dirk2.jpg,Dirk,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/amarshall/dirk2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/26764.jpg
61090,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Copper alloy ?incomplete awl, possibly Bronze Age.
It is 51.5mm in length and square in section (5x5mm) up to the point. The broken end is pitted and seems to taper slightly, ?wear. A few tiny traces of dark shiny green patina survive.
This may be a complete awl, or it may have tapered to a flat hafting end.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,51.5,1,Katie Hinds,,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Great Bedwyn,SU2462,From a paper map,51.3565697,-1.65671951,WILT-490F76,,,,,,,
61437,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a late Bronze Age cast bronze socketed axe consisting of the cutting edge and lower blade. It is sub-rectangular in plan with a slightly curved blade. The sides, adjacent to the cutting edge, taper inwards towards the break. In section the fragment is sub-triangular. The fragment measures 51mm width, 26mm length, and is 11mm thick. It weighs 46.24 grams. 


      The cutting edge of the axe fragment, although corroded and slightly abraded by the soil, is worn and shows areas of possible sharpening and hammering. The break at the top is old. It is also corroded and abraded, however, a shallow partial elipsical / sub-oval hollow is visible. This is probably the base of the socket. The patination on the majority of this axe fragment is a mid-green colour. However, there are a number of patches of light green powdery (active) corrosion present.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-02-09T00:00:00Z,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,46.24,,,11,26,1,Peter Reavill,,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Wellington,SO4947,From finder,52.118952,-2.746267,HESH-729B87,,axe frag.jpg,Cutting edge and blade fragment from a mid - late Bronze Age socketed axe,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/preavill/axe frag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20107.jpg
61793,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Unlooped Early Palstave of Group II, probably an example of the Early Midribbed palstaves of Type Coed Llan and belonging to the later Acton Park metalworking stage of the Middle Bronze Age. Needham (1996) grouped Acton 2 metalwork with Taunton and Penard as his Period 5 (c. 1500-1150BC), It could be suggested that this example falls in the earlier section of this date range.

The palstave is complete, but has lost much of the original surface, particularly on one face. The butt is straight and meets the sides at a right-angle. The sides are parallel as far as the stop, and then gently diverge and turn out sharply at the blade tips. The flanges are curved and define a pointed oval with the blade sides. Both sides exhibit the remnants of prominent broad casting flashes and one of the flanges has a prominent casting flaw. The blade edge is deeply curved. The septum is slightly rounded, and unusually, the stop is different on each face. The face with more of the surface surviving has a straight stop, which meets the flange facets in a right-angle, while the other face has a rounded U-shaped stop. The better preserved face has the suggestion of a very slight poorly defined mid-rib. The blade faces are flat with no working up at the sides, but have a slight depression before the blade facet. The blade is notably asymmetrical, with one blade tip positioned further back than the other. It is possible this may be the result of differential wear on the blade through use.","This example can be best paralleled with numbers 795-6 (pp 127, plate 58) in Scmidt & Burgess' catalogue (1981).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,464.2,,,31.8,153,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Abergavenny,,,,,NMGW-C905E7,,DSCN2157.JPG,Palstave (side),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN2157.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20295.jpg
61855,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"The spear is made of cast copper alloy. The length, from the tip to the base is 48.5mm, and the width across the widest portion of the blades is 13mm. 


          
     In plan the spear is sub-triangular. It terminates with a damaged blunt point. The tip has a square section. The damage is not too recent. 


      
     The blades are slightly convex, but the edges are abraded. In section the blades taper towards the edge. In the centre of the spear, on both faces there is a vertical ridge which has a convex surface. This forms the socket of the spear. On one surface from the base a portion of this ridge is broken away, revealing the socket. 


     
     The lower edge is more circular in section, and again is broken, but not recently.


     
     The spear has a mid brown coloured patina with occassional pitting.


      
 Phil Watson suggests the spearhead is of Middle Bronze Age date. This is perhaps indicated by the lozenge shaped section which are more typical of basal and side looped spearheads than of Late Bronze Age pegged spearheads.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-10-17T23:00:00Z,2003-11-18T00:00:00Z,,,11.17,,,,48.5,1,Angie Bolton,,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,,,,,WAW-D9A4F6,,WAW-D9A4F6.jpg,A view in plan of a possible spear.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-D9A4F6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20549.jpg
62021,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-600,"Bronze Age socketed spearhead tip fragment, of uncertain type and of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (c. 1450 – 600BC). The spearhead has broken at the bottom of the socket, with the last 1.5mm evident near the side of the fragment. The spearhead is likely to have been comparatively slender and has pronounced ribs continuing to the tip, giving the spearhead a chevron section. The blade edge on both sides has been largely lost, but appears relatively straight.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,20.1,,,9.8,54.1,1,Mark Lodwick,,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Grittleton,,From finder,,,NMGW-DF8A10,,DSCN2175.JPG,Spearhead (showing break & bottom of socket),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN2175.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20466.jpg
62093,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,Fragment of a socketed axe of late Bronze Age date. It consists of the blade and part of the main body of the implement. Measures 50.4mm long by 53.6mm wide and up to 16.4mm thick. Weight not recorded. Has a dark green patina and the surfaces are pitted.,,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-11-10T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,16.4,50.4,1,Julian Watters,,Eastern,Hertfordshire,Three Rivers,Watford Rural,TL0797,From finder,52.560324,-0.423025,BH-F125E8,,DSCN0104.JPG,Fragment of Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/DSCN0104.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20537.jpg
62221,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,Fragment of cast copper-alloy socketed spear head of probable middle Bronze Age date. Fragment comprises the latter 48mm of the spear including the tip. There is a wide central rib and the piece is hollow inside. It has a mid green patina and shows some signs of corrosion. The piece was broken in two during lifting. It measures up to 22.7mm wide and up to 7.7mm thick. The weight was not recorded.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,7.7,48,1,Julian Watters,,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Soulbury,SP9028,From finder,51.943231,-0.692088,BH-073414,,No.22.JPG,Tip of Bronze Age spear,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/No.22.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20603.jpg
62335,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,Copper alloy fragment of a sword blade with mainly the central rib remaining and half the blade on either side of the rib worn away. One end is tapered which suggests that this is a fragment from the tip end of the sword blade. The blade is lozenge-shaped in section with a substantial rib which suggests it is likely to date from the Ewart Park phase (c.1000-800 BC).,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-11-18T00:00:00Z,,,,38.77,,,8.6,62.7,1,Anna Tyacke,,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Tregoney,SW9244,From a paper map,50.259271,-4.919525,CORN-312AA6,,Ewartswordfragtip.jpg,tip of sword fragment,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Ewartswordfragtip.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20691.jpg
62387,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1300,-800,"Axe blade from a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, with a slightly flanged blade tip (49.6 mm wide and 5 mm thick) and tapering sides of the blade as they move towards the broken edge (33.7 mm wide and 11.9 mm thick). Within the broken edge at the top of the blade, there is the remains of a sub-rectangular socket, which is at most about 8 mm in depth and is 22 mm long and 6 mm wide. 

   
   There are two distinctive gashes, probably from a plough, one on each face of the blade, which cut through the surface patina, exposing the underneath to bronze disease.

   
   Without having the butt end or the upper body of the axe with evidence of a side-loop, the axe cannot be typed or dated to a particular chronological assemblage or phase with the late Bronze Age.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2004-02-26T00:00:00Z,,,,84,,,11.9,42.1,1,Anna Tyacke,,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Columb Major,SW9063,From a paper map,50.42920798,-4.95813625,CORN-6CB647,,Pascuzzifinds 009.jpg,profile of axe blade with cutting edge facing right,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Pascuzzifinds 009.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20696.jpg
62431,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe. Only the lower blade is intact and is 30mm long and 28mm wide at the break which expands to 40mm at the slightly expanded blade. The blade edge is missing. The surfaces show signs of wear and much of the surface patination is missing.  
 

  
  Recorded at the Hidden Treasures roadshow in Market Harborough.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,30,1,Wendy Scott,,East Midlands,Leicestershire,,,,,,,LEIC-75A015,,75AO15.jpg,75AO15.jpg,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/75AO15.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/20849.jpg
62531,Halberd,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-2000,"
This is a symmetrical slender halberd blade of cast copper or bronze. Down the centre of the blade is a straight midrib. This is wide and angular in cross-section, at the top end tapering with a straight line into the haft-plate. The blade edges have been entirely removed, thus also removing any traces of bevelling originally along the edge. Whilst much of this damage is due to erosion of fragile edges, it is possible that some edges were notched through use wear or mutilation prior to burial. The erosion seems particularly deep and severe, with concave eroded depressions side by side, creating a 'nibbled' effect in places along the blade edge, almost as if notches were later prone to differentially high erosion. The blade end is blunt. The haft-plate is also heavily eroded, though is angular rather than rounded in shape. The halberd reveals evidence of four rivet holes, positioned as two lateral pairs on the haft-plate (rather than being arranged in an arc along it). The lower two are complete, whilst the upper two are visible only as partial grooves along the line of the eroded hilt-plate edges. The whole blade has been bent, as viewed in side section, probably in antiquity, there being no evidence of modern impact. The blade remains sturdy, yet is pitted across its surfaces. The overall patination is green, yet the eroded pits have a light green patina.
","Halberds have recently been reassessed by Needham (2015) and a new typology presented for the British series. This halberd was published within Needham's paper (Cat.No.20) and falls within Type Pistill Dewy, which is characterised by four rivets in a trapezoidal formation following the hilt (Needham 2015, Appendix S1, p.23). Only four or five examples are currently known from Britain and this style may be linked with French influence.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by a museum - not a Treasure case,Unknown,1995-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,361.5,,,7.5,284,1,Adam Gwilt,,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Hundleton,SM9501,From finder,51.670273,-4.966024,NMGW-87E225,,Halberd.jpg,Bronze Age halberd,National Museum Wales ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/Halberd.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/626227.jpg
62704,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a bronze axehead. Only the blade portion of the axe remains. The terminal opposite the blade is a broken edge, however, this break is not recent. The axe measures from the blade edge to the broken edge 38.2mm long, and is 38.1mm wide across the blade edge. At the break the axe is 15.7mm thick. 


   
   The side corners of the bladed edge taper outwards very slightly. The edge of the blade is asymmetrical. However the axe has lost its original surface, only a small trace of a heavy patina remains on one face. This patch of patina is a dark brown/green colour. Otherwise the surface is pitted and rough.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-26T00:00:00Z,2004-01-26T00:00:00Z,,,81.34,,,15.7,38.2,1,Angie Bolton,,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Cleobury Mortimer,SO6876,From finder,52.381092,-2.471544,WAW-9C48F4,,WAW-9C48F4.jpg,Two views in plan and a profile view of a Bronze Age axe.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-9C48F4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/21112.jpg
63280,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age Socketed chisel, double moulding at socketed end, large hole in body (damage) flaring to cutting edge, 22 x 57mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,57,1,Steven Ashley,,Eastern,Suffolk,St. Edmundsbury,Horringer,,,,,NMS-1961B6,,1961B6_BA_ChiselA.jpg,Late Bronze Age chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/1961B6_BA_ChiselA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/550958.jpg
63423,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
Three ribbed South Wales Type socketed axe of cast bronze. One upper face and most of the mouth top has broken away, whilst the loop is broken. This medium sized axe is slender in form, with slightly divergent sides, widening near the blade end to form an expanded blade with slight recurving at the edges. The casting seams down each side of the axe remain prominent, though seem to have been blunted and rounded, possibly through hammering. The axe has a rectangular cross section, though the face edges are slightly curved. Three well-defined longitudinal ribs extend from the underside of a prominent outsplayed mouth moulding, converging slightly towards the blade end. The blade edge has entirely corroded away, although hammer marks and striations on the blade bevel, parallel to the blade edge, indicate that the axe blade was prepared and sharpened for use. The axe has minor casting blemishes upon the inner socket surfaces and on one outer face, though not serious enough to affect it functioning as an axe, whilst the socket base is flat and deep. The mouth, break edges and blade edge are severely corroded, light green and powdery. When reported for identification there were a number of additional corroded small fragments, which had detached themselves from the axe. Most of the axe surfaces are original and have a good dark-brown to black patina.
","
Inside the socket of the axe were found well mineralised plant fragments, possibly grass stems, which were removed for study. These may have been within the socket when it was deposited within the ground.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,161.6,,,,96.7,1,Adam Gwilt,,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Ferndale,SS9897,From a paper map,51.662493,-3.476113,NMGW-2AA743,,DSCN2234.JPG,Less complete face,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN2234.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/21642.jpg
63682,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1950,-1750,"This is a large developed flat axe of bronze dating to the Early Bronze Age. The butt is modestly rounded, though with angular corners. The sides are straight, but slightly divergent for just under three quarters of the length of the axe, curving out suddenly just above the blade to a widely expanded and deeply crescentic cutting edge. All of the original blade edges have been removed by erosion, thereby preventing accurate calculation of the original width and recurve of the blade edge. Approximately 57mm from the butt end is a straight stop-ridge across the axe. The margins of the septum are defined by shallow flanges, which appear to have been hammered up, rather than being cast. The axe sides are faceted: each has an angled mid-ridge, each facet being covered with hammer marks. These tend to be aligned at a consistent diagonal angle across both facets, with no apparent pattern. Nevertheless, they provide some decorative quality to the axe sides. On one upper septum face, there are feint linear dashes or scratches running longitudinally, possibly decorative rain-drop decoration, now barely visible. On each upper blade margin there is a distinct, shallow, hammered crescentic groove, defining the edge of the blade bevel. Striations are visible on each blade bevel, indicating that the blade was prepared and sharpened. Original surfaces survive over most of the axe and these have dark brown patination. However, original surfaces have been lost on the butt, down one lower side, in patches over one blade bevel and around the blade edge. Here, the bronze has a light green patina.","This axe can be classed as Type Bandon (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981) or a probable Class 4 (follow Needham 1983; forthcoming), dating to Periods 3-4 of the Early Bronze Age (c.1950-1500 BC) (Needham 1996). Class 4 axes straddle the boundary between Periods 2 and 3, but this axe can be confidently assigned to Period 3, probably falling within the late Aylesford to Willerby metalworking phases (c.1950-1750 BC) (Needham et al. 1997). At the time of writing (Aug 2017) 27 Class 4 axes dating to this period are currently known from across Wales, the vast majority being single finds.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,319.3,,,14.9,132.1,1,Adam Gwilt,,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Overton,SJ4044,From a paper map,52.989957,-2.895274,NMGW-4596D8,,,,,,,
63727,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,Fragment of a cast copper alloy axe blade of Middle to Late Bronze Age date. It is not possible to establish whether it is from a palstave or a socketed axe because there only 20mm remains of the length.,,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,49.54,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Elaine Howard-Jones,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,,,,,,SOMDOR-7F8A33,,,,,,,
65225,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed gouge, probably of Ewart Park (c. 950 - 750 BC) metalworking tradition. The gouge is of circular mouth section and has a low-raised collar, which is very slightly concave and is 10mm deep from the mouth. The casting seams are prominent on both sides and are likely to have been finished by hammering. The sides are straight and diverge slightly at the blade. Sharpening striations are visible on both of the blade faces. The striations are angled across the blade, towards the sides on the front (gouged) face, and are positioned along the blade circumference on the (circular) back face. Inside the socket at the mouth are two incised or possibly cast lines; one on the rim and the other 2.5mm into the socket. The gouge is in good condition, with only a little damage to the blade edge, and has a dark brown patina.","David Coombs (1971, 251ff.; 2001, 288) presented a four category typology based on the shape and style of socketed gouges in south east England. This gouge might be most accurately placed within his Class IIa category, which is characterised by a deep collar and narrow blade. Classes of gouges are difficult to distinguish chronologically, but can be broadly dated to the Late Bronze Age, particularly the Wilburton-Ewart Park metalworking phases (c.1150-750 BC), though different forms continue in use into the Early Iron Age. Needham et al's (1997) recent study of Bronze Age chronology dated a similar collared socketed gouge from the Bodwrog Hoard, Anglesey to 2720 +- 45 BP (DoB No 3, OxA-4652, p68).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,45.6,,17.5,,75.2,1,Mark Lodwick,,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Cowbridge with Llanblethian,,,,,NMGW-52C2A3,,dscn2255.JPG,Socketed gouge,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/dscn2255.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/23344.jpg
65234,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1350,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age Transitional palstave of Type Shelf, (midribbed variant), dating to the end of the Middle Bronze Age. The palstave is of the Penard metalworking tradition, falling into the later part of Needham's (1996) Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150BC). Characteristically for the type, the palstave is slender with a narrow blade, low-flanges and was looped (now broken). The butt is slightly angled and is irregular, possibly through damage. The septum is concave and the stop is straight with right angles to the flanges. The sides are straight and parallel above the stop and the flanges are rounded, forming an elipse with the blade faces. Uncharacteristically for the type, the flanges reach their apex before the stop; this variation in the flange line may be seen as an influence of later (Irish) or earlier (primary / low-flanged) palstaves. The blade sides are subtly curved and gradually diverge to an unexpanded edge, resulting in weak blade corners. The blade edge is only slightly rounded. The blade faces are convex near the stop and are decorated with a weak midrib or ridge. There is no discernible blade facet. The casting seams are visible on the sides, and have been neatly finished.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,347,,,30.6,139,1,Mark Lodwick,,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Briston,TG0831,From a paper map,52.836342,1.086578,NMGW-53F626,,DSCN2271.JPG,Palstace (front),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN2271.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/23012.jpg
65236,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1000,"
Single-looped, narrow-bladed and slender palstave of cast bronze. Part of the butt-end of the palstave is missing, whilst the loop has broken off in antiquity. This narrow palstave form exhibits waisting below the stop, the upper sides above the stop being very slightly convex. The sides below the stop are slightly concave and curve outwards into a moderately expanding, but narrow cutting edge. The cutting edge is now blunted, but moderately crescentic in plan. A prominent midrib or mid-ridge descends from the stop on each face, whilst the face edges are rounded. This gives the palstave a lozenge shaped cross-section immediately beneath the stop. The flanges of the palstave are heavily eroded near to the stop, therefore obscuring the characteristic side view of this axe form, which appears as an elongated lozenge. In side view, the stop curves outward gradually, rather than as an angular overhang. Most of the original surfaces of the palstave are lost, with local original surface patches above the stop on each side and on one upper face. The palstave is thus heavily eroded, with extensive pitting visible along the lower blade end. The palstave has a dark green to brown patination.
","Transitional palstaves may be dated to the Middle-Late Bronze Age, specifically the Penard-Wilburton metalworking phases (c.1300-1000 BC) (Schmidt and Burgess 1981). This palstave may be classed within Schmidt and Burgess' (1981, 149-151) Type Roundhay, midribbed variant.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-11-23T00:00:00Z,,,,177.5,,,26.8,131,1,Adam Gwilt,,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,Llandybie,SN6213,From finder,51.79857,-4.002651,NMGW-543D28,,palstave200464.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/palstave200464.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/626243.jpg
65420,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy side looped socketed spearhead, 129mm long and 20mm wide. The object consists of a conical socket which is 16mm in diameter, and has two intact side loops, 10mm long. The spearhead is 60mm long, it is missing its tip and is slightly bent (discarded after it was damaged?) it also has damage to its edges. The object has a brown patina with rust coloured patches and has some corrosion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-11-12T00:00:00Z,,,,,,16,,129,1,Wendy Scott,,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Blaby,Sapcote,SP4893,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.532759,-1.293823,LEIC-CED7F1,,CED7F1.JPG,CED7F1 Bronze age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/CED7F1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/63535.jpg
65421,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Bronze Age awl, 41.5mm in length and almost square in section at the centre (5x5.5mm).
From the centre, all four side of the awl narrow to one end, which is also square in section (2x2mm), but rounded. The tip appears to have been broken (oldish break, but not worn). 
In the opposite direction, two opposing sides also narrow while the other two opposing sides flatten. At a point c.4mm from the end, the flattening sides 'drop' while the narrowing sides narrow steeply, meeting at the end still 5.5mm wide but at a point c.0.2mm thick.
Weighs 7.57g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-06T00:00:00Z,,,,7.57,,,5.5,41.5,1,Katie Hinds,,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Stapleford,ST0538,From a paper map,51.133367,-3.359125,WILT-CED146,,BAawl.jpg,Bronze Age awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/BAawl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/23951.jpg
65424,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,Fragment from the mouth and haft end of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe of South-Eastern type. There is a double mouth moulding and the face has two opposing curving 'hour glass' mouldings. On the interior is a prominent casting rib.,The moulded crescents are common on socketed axes and are thought to relate to contemporary winged axes.,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,19.36,,,,37.5,1,David W Williams,,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2050,From a paper map,51.236573,-0.28248,SUR-CE50F5,,03.655b.jpg,"03/655 Socketed axe fragment, interior",Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/03.655b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/23378.jpg
65494,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1100,"Socket fragment from a Middle Bronze Age side-looped spearhead, possibly falling with the Taunton-Penard metalworking phases (c.1400-1100 BC). The spearhead is represented by the socket only and none of the blade survives, making a typological classification difficult. The socket tapers gradually to the break. The two side loops (c. 19. x 6 mm) are low and flat with a roughly lozenge-shaped plate. Casting seams are clear on both sides below the loops, and have been neatly finished by filing. The striations from the filing survive around the loops. The base of the spearhead is slightly thinner, with a gentle step 5mm from the base. The casting seams have been removed before the step. The surface of the fragment has survived well with a dark brown patina.","The low, flat nature of the side loops indicate this was probably part of Davis' (2012) Group 6 (developed side-looped spearhead), which dates to the Taunton-Penard phases as defined by Needham et al. (1997). However, similar side loops can be observed on earlier spearheads dating to the preceding Acton Park 2 phase (c.1600-1400 BC), which are defined instead by the blade shape so exact dating is not possible.



This spearhead socket was not recorded by Davis (2012).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,21.3,,16,,55.6,1,Mark Lodwick,,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Dymock,SO6934,From finder,52.003565,-2.452997,NMGW-E250E6,,DSCN2319.JPG,Spearhead socket (side),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN2319.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/23901.jpg
65713,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2200,-800,"Possible fragment of a Bronze Age weapon, possibly a dirk. This fragment is subtriangular in plan and oval in section. It is 27.28mm long, 15.58mm wide, 6.42mm thick and weighs 7.41g. It appears that this fragment could  represent part of the rib of the weapon, from which the wings of the blade flare out to either side. This object is heavily abraded and damaged with a mid green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Unknown,,,,,7.41,,,6.42,27.28,1,Caroline McDonald,,Eastern,Essex,,,,,,,ESS-FCE930,,DSCN0808.JPG,Fragment of Bronze Age weapon reverse view,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/DSCN0808.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/24243.jpg
65779,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"Bronze Age flanged axe head, 102mm in length, 50mm wide and 13mm thick. The object is quite corroded with patches of surface missing and a pitted surface. The axe has a rounded end with flanged sides. The axe becomes thicker towards the middle of its length, before narrowing and spalying out to form the blade whic is quite curved.",Very old record-Dec 03,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-12-14T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,13,102,1,Wendy Scott,,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Lubenham,SP7288,From finder,52.48517862,-0.94115373,LEIC-10B3B0,,10B3B0.JPG,10B3B0 bronze age flanged axe head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/10B3B0.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/51033.jpg
65950,Vessel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1100,-800,"One small pottery body sherd, possibly from a collared urn. Hand-made and thick-walled. Largely black, reduced fabric with an oxidised brownish layer on the external surface. The fabric is tempered with fine sand with some larger pieces of grog, flint and other stone (up to 3mm). The exterior surface retains a band of vertical thumb impressed decoration (4 impressions on this small sherd). Very little abrasion.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Chance find during metal detecting,2004-01-14T00:00:00Z,,,,6.47,,,9.38,,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Compton Abbas,ST8618,,50.961251,-2.200718,SOMDOR-7EEA46,,7EEA46b.jpg,Bronze Age pottery. Back,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/7EEA46b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/28189.jpg
66599,Mount,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-300,200,"Late iron age or Roman?? copper alloy and enamel rectangular mount, 25mm long and 19mm wide. The object is 2.5 mm thick and has no obvious fixing points, but it does have an area of iron staining in the centre of its upper surface. It is decorated with a raised line which forms a single loop which is shaped like two crescents flanking a 'diamond' area. There are traces of eneamel, now red in between.",,4,Copper alloy,Enamel,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-01T00:00:00Z,2004-05-09T23:00:00Z,,,7.79,,,2.5,25,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Tewkesbury,SO8932,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.986345,-2.161588,LEIC-268550,,268550.jpg,268550  roman mount,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/268550.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/25135.jpg
66753,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A copper alloy probable axehead, dating to the Bronze Age. The object is triangular and slightly wedge shaped in section. The edges of the axehead are rounded. The object measures 125mm in length and has a width of between 21mm and 45mm. The surface of the axe is pitted and severely corroded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-05-15T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,125,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Bolam,NZ1923,From finder,54.601821,-1.707408,NCL-8D0A91,,clynesaxe.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/clynesaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/25550.jpg
66893,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-2000,An Early Bronze Age flat axe. The axe is in poor condition with active corrosion and with only a small area of its original surface surviving. There are no traces of either decoration or of sharpening striations. The original extent of the blade is unclear. At one point the underlying metal has been exposed in a recent gouge and this appears as a copper colour.,"Flat axes are important finds and the findspot of this example, in the northwestern fringes of the Weald, shows exploitation of this area at an early date.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,155,,,,100,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Northchapel,SU9529,From a paper map,51.052499,-0.645997,SUR-DBBC54,,SUR_DBBC54dwg.tif,Early Bronze Age flat axe. ,Suffolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dpett/SUR_DBBC54dwg.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/55692.jpg
67186,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a late Bronze age socketed axehead, of the Ewart Park tradition and dating to c.1000-800 BC.  The object is the blade end of a looped and socketed axehead. Both blade tips, the cutting edge and a small portion of the sides and faces of the axehead are present.  It is possible that the axehead has been deliberatly broken or 'ritually killed'. It weighs 38.08g and measures 46.91mm in width and 30.55mm in length.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1990-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,38.08,,,,30.55,1,Anna Marshall,Anna Marshall,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,South Elmsall,SE4711,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.593477,-1.291374,SWYOR-475FC2,,brokeaxehead.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/amarshall/brokeaxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/27259.jpg
67190,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Copper alloy object, possibly a Late Bronze Age chisel.  The object is solid and is broken off at one end where it is rectangular 	in section.  From this break there is a short length of the rectangular sectioned shaft surviving (L. c. 3mm.  W. 5.4mm.  Th. 4.3mm) before the object expands sharply to a larger rectangular shoulder.  From here the object tapers before expanding and becoming thinner terminating in a slightly flared, slightly convex blade  (L. 29.3mm.  W. 10.1-4.9-12.9mm.  Th. 6.9-4.3-0.6mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-10-03T23:00:00Z,,,,5.46,,,6.9,32.3,1,Jodi Puls,Jodi Puls,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU2936,From finder,51.122555,-1.587013,HAMP-488F45,,Hamp 488F45b.tif,?Late Bronze Age Chisel,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/aedgoose/Hamp 488F45b.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/26366.jpg
67226,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,A copper alloy flat axehead dating to the Bronze Age. The axehead is wedge shaped with a rounded cutting edge which has worn irregularly. The surface of the axehead is pitted. It measures 92mm in length and has a maximum width of 33mm. it has a maximum thickness of 5mm.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,5,92,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Witton Gilbert,NZ1530,From a paper map,54.664861,-1.768969,NCL-4BB675,,,,,,,
67442,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Copper-(?alloy) flanged axe of probable early Bronze Age date. The object is long and narrow, measuring 94.2mm long, by 13.8mm wide at the attachment end, and widening gradually to a maximum width of 25.9mm at the blade. The maximum thickness is towards the middle, where it is 11.3mm. From here it tapers gradually towards the blade. The flanges of the axe are 41.2mm long and only 2.5mm deep. There is a smooth break between the flanges and the main body of the axe. There is no stop ridge. There is slight damage to the blade and the object is heavily corroded. Weight = 84.28g.",Object underwent conservation at Verulamium museum.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-10T00:00:00Z,,,,84.28,,,11.3,94.2,1,Julian Watters,Julian Watters,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bishops Waltham,SU5517,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),50.949819,-1.218419,BH-75AF41,,axe 0475 - all.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/axe 0475 - all.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/26603.jpg
67473,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1300,"Copper alloy middle Bronze Age rapier or dirk. The mid section of the blade is slighly convex with no medial ridge. The tip survives, and the edges are in remarkably good condition and are still sharp. The blade tapers out to the shaft which is oval, with two circular holes at the top, one of which has been broken in antiquity. The top of the shaft is slightly hexagonal in shape. The dirk has a greeny/brown patina, and the surface which survives, has a light etching to it. Dating to an early date within the middle bronze age, part of the Acton assemblage or possibly the Taunton phase, circa 1600 - 1400/1300 BC.


Burgess & Gerloff's (1981)Group IV weapons with group II affinities.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,4,178.5,1,Faye Simpson,Faye Simpson,North West,Cumbria,South Lakeland,Kendal,,,,,LANCUM-C38355,,DSCN0851.JPG,Rapier,Lancashire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fsimpson/DSCN0851.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/30871.jpg
67855,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Copper alloy Bronze age axe tip, 50mm long 20m wide and 9mm at thickest point.  The axe tip has a break which echoes its cutting edge  (Which suggest accidental damage???)  The axe is in good condition, although it has lost parts of its original surface, which has a brown patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-07T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,9,,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Naseby,SP6783,From a paper map,52.440871,-1.015774,LEIC-445024,,445024.JPG,"445024.JPG,Axe tip",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/445024.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/27416.jpg
68447,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axehead dated from 1000-800 BC. The lower portion of the axe shows signs of been re-sharpened on one edge, and re-used in antiquity. This may of given rise to the inbalance and curved nature of the cutting edge.  Cutting edge very fine and sharp.
      
Width across cutting edge: 47.38 mm. Length from broken edge to cutting edge: 33.72. Thickness across broken edges 13.33 mm, 10.87 mm. Width across fractured edge: 30.73.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,52.05,,,13.33,16.74,1,Chris Montague,Chris Montague,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Haslingfield,TL4052,From a paper map,52.148547,0.044724,CAM-065AB7,,,,,,,
68626,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of cast bronze axe. The fragment consists of the cutting edge and lower blade of a mid to late Bronze Age axe (1500 - 800 BC). The fragment is sub-rectangular in plan with a slight curved convex cutting edge. The sides, adjacent to the cutting edge, taper inwards towards the break. In section the fragment is sub-triangular. The fragment measures 48.3mm width, 35mm length, and is 12mm thick. It weighs 70.25 grams. 


   
   The convex cutting edge of the axe fragment, although corroded and slightly abraded by the soil, is worn and shows areas of possible sharpening. The break at the top is old. It has also suffered from corrosion, however, there are a number of large sub-oval and circular holes or pits in the metal. The majority of these may have been formed through corossion, but the largest is probably an air-pocket in the metal formed when the axe was cast. This would have weakened the blade of the axe at this point and probably contributed to it breaking here. It is a dark mid-green brown colour with an even patina. However, there are a number of patches of light green powdery (active) corrosion present.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-03T00:00:00Z,,,,70.25,,,12,35,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Sheinton,SJ6004,From a paper map,52.632269,-2.592444,HESH-2E7020,,HESH-2E7020.jpg,Fragment of cast copper alloy late bronze age socketed axe(1500 - 800 BC).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/preavill/HESH-2E7020.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/28572.jpg
68715,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"Copper alloy ring with a smooth, shiny, browny-grey patina. The inside edge curves outwards to meet the outside edge, which is ridged. These ridges stand 2.5-3mm high, and 1mm prominent from the ring. They appear to be closely spaced and thin, becoming wider and more spaced out around the ring.
There is a clean break across the ring, and leaving a 1mm wide gap. However, this seems to have been 'filled in' on the outer edge, whether by corrosion or human intervention.
The internal diameter is 18m, external 25mm.
Possibly Iron Age or even Bronze Age in date, and possibly a finger-ring. Cf larger examples from the ? Hoard",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,25,,,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Clyffe Pypard,SU0777,Centred on parish,51.49190359,-1.90056654,WILT-6DDEB4,,IAring.jpg,?BA/ IA copper alloy ring,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/IAring.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/30781.jpg
68879,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-701,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axehead, comprising mostly the face but also part of the side of the axe. The fragment consists of the mouth moulding, lip and part of the body with a rib decoration.
All breaks are old. Measures c.24x24x3mm. Weighs 12.53g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,12.53,,,3,24,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Great Bedwyn,SU2562,From a paper map,51.35652677,-1.64235866,WILT-834E52,,12.53.jpg,Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/12.53.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/31680.jpg
68923,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Body fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, consisting of part of the side of the axe. It is slightly cuving and has a casting seam running its length. The casting seam has been finished.
28x18x3mm. Weighs 10.42g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,10.42,,,3,28,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Great Bedwyn,SU2562,From a paper map,51.35652677,-1.64235866,WILT-947008,,10.42.jpg,Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/10.42.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/31676.jpg
68924,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-701,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, consisting of part of the body, mouth moulding, and complete loop.
The mouth moulding is thicker at its centre. The loop measures 18x8mm (external) and 8x4mm (internal). The casting flash is visible on the mouth moulding above the loop but is rather worn -it does look unfinished though.
Measures 33x29x4mm. Weighs 25.52g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,25.52,,,4,33,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Great Bedwyn,SU2562,From a paper map,51.35652677,-1.64235866,WILT-948FE6,,25.25.jpg,Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/25.25.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/31684.jpg
68973,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-701,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axehead, comprising part of the body and upper and lower mouth moulding. The upper mouth moulding is wider than the lower.
The fragment is curving in profile. The metal is light brown in colour. It measures 22.5x20.5x3mm (the body is 1.5mm thick) and weighs 9.73g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,9.73,,,3,22.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Great Bedwyn,SU2562,From a paper map,51.35652677,-1.64235866,WILT-9975F0,,,,,,,
69080,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1100,"The lower part of a palstave axe of mid-late Bronze Age date, broken off below the stop. Very little of the original surface survives.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,63.5,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Ockley,TQ1337,From a paper map,51.121152,-0.386788,SUR-AE8F74,,04.79.jpg,04/79 Palstave axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.79.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/29365.jpg
69756,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"A conical lump of copper alloy, patinated green. The piece is slightly concave and may be a piece of casting waste, possibly the well at the top of the mould. On the rounded surface are possible traces of casting jets.",Probably Late Bronze Age in view of activity of this date in the area.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,36.02,,,14,29,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,Reigate Central,TQ2349,From a paper map,51.22694682,-0.23987138,SUR-3CE072,,04.126b.jpg,04/126 Casting debris (lower),Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.126b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/29225.jpg
70457,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe, made of bronze. It is 23 mm long and 23 mm wide. Only part of one side survives. There is a double mouth moulding and a prominent casting flash. The interior of the axe socket is smooth, the exterior is convex. The wall of the axe expands in thickness from 3 mm to 5 mm at the opening of the socket. The object dates from 1000 to 800 BC.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,9.9,,,5,23,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,South East,Milton Keynes,Milton Keynes,Hanslope,SP7848,From a paper map,52.124818,-0.86207,NARC-4FDBA3,,NARC-4FDBA3axerev.jpg,"Bronze Age socketed axe fragment, interior",Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-4FDBA3axerev.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/30588.jpg
70564,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,UNKNOWN,-1500,-1150,"Bronze age side looped palstave, 140mm long,54mm wide, 29mm thick and weighing 319 grams. The object is complete except for the side loops have ben broken off. It has a green/brown patina and the surface is pitted. Unfortunatly it has been dipped in wax which obscures some of the decoration but it does appear to have a trident pattern underneath the rib.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,,319,,,29,140,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,,,,,,,LEIC-6799A2,,6799A2 .JPG,6799A2 Bronze age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/6799A2 .JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/31142.jpg
70637,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,Copper alloy Ewart Park sword fragment. The central rib is remaining and half of the blade edge is worn away on either side. Pronounced edge bevels on both sides. The fragment is tapered in plan which suggests that this is a fragment approaching the tip end of the sword blade. The blade is lozenge-shaped in section with a substantial but broad rib which suggests it is likely to date from the Ewart Park phase of the late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC).,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,19.52,,,6.8,24.1,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,,SX1157,From a paper map,50.382446,-4.659795,CORN-AAAAB3,,Clemesfinds 015.jpg,profile of Late Bronze Age sword fragment,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Clemesfinds 015.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/30757.jpg
71315,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead, consisting of part of the rim and side of the axe, including the loop. The breaks are quite jagged; probably not ancient.
The axe has a double mouth moulding, the upper of which is far more prominent. The lower appears (on this fragment) to be a continuation of the line where the loop meets the body of the axe.
The casting seam is visible but not jagged. It stands less than 0.5mm high.
The patina is smooth and green.
35x32x2mm. Weighs 23.96g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-07-11T23:00:00Z,,,,23.96,,,2,35,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Damerham,SU0916,Centred on parish,50.94337114,-1.87327111,WILT-7AB304,,AVsockAxe.jpg,Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/AVsockAxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/31798.jpg
71882,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,Fragment of copper alloy palstave axe. The hafting end of the palstave remains. It is slightly tapering in width and wedge shaped in profile. There are raised ridges on the top and bottom surfaces along each side for about half of the remaining length. Dimensions: 25.83mm x 23.83mm x 10.88mm,PAL2145. From paper record,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,20.97,,,10.88,25.83,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Elaine Howard-Jones,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Stretton,SK2526,Centred on parish,52.83094747,-1.6303796,SOMDOR-0D6096,,,,,,,
72092,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Complete bronze looped and socketed axehead, South Eastern Type A. Sub-circular mouth with double mouth moulding, with a small perforation just below the moulding on one side. It is unclear if the latter is a result of miscasting or damage. Considerable casting flash survives along most of the length of both sides and on the loop, but it has mostly been removed towards the blade. The blade is not widely expanded and the blade tip is missing on one side. There are many very fine transverse lines close to the blade edge. The surviving blade edge is heavily corrosion chipped. Dark green patina with some damage to surface, probably from plough. Forms part of a hoard of Late Bronze Age metalwork, probably deposited circa 1000 to 800 BC.",Lenham Station Hoard no.1,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,40.18,102.11,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ8951,From a paper map,51.226893,0.705451,KENT-8CF725,,KENT-8CF725a.jpg,KENT-8CF725.  Late Bronze Age socketed axehead.  Drawn by D. Andrews.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/KENT-8CF725a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40542.jpg
72097,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Incomplete bronze socketed axehead. Only the lower half survives, with a worn and irregular transverse break across the socket.  The body of the axe narrows just below the break. There are blade tip hollows and the blade is expanded. Most of the blade edge and both tips are missing, and the edge and surface around the blade is heavily corrosion chipped. The casting flash has mostly been removed. There are many fine transverse lines across one face of the axe only.  Mixed light to brown-green patina.  Forms part of a hoard of Late Bronze Age metalwork, probably deposited circa 1000 to 800 BC.",Lenham Station Hoard no.2,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,107.77,,,22.42,76.04,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ8951,From a paper map,51.226893,0.705451,KENT-8D44F3,,KENT-8D44F3a.jpg,KENT-8D44F3.  Late Bronze Age socketed axehead.  Drawn by D. Andrews.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/KENT-8D44F3a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40543.jpg
72100,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a bronze socketed axehead, South Eastern Type A.  Sub-rectangular mouth with double moulding. A short length of the socket and most of loop survive only.  Even, worn transverse break across body probably occurred in antiquity.  Some casting flashes are present along both sides.  Green and green-brown patina.  Forms part of a hoard of Late Bronze Age metalwork, probably deposited circa 1000 to 800 BC.",Lenham Station Hoard no.3,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,92.7,,,38.52,36.28,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ8951,From a paper map,51.226893,0.705451,KENT-8D53D7,,KENT-8D53D7a.jpg,KENT-8D53D7.  Late Bronze Age socketed axehead.  Drawn by D. Andrews.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/KENT-8D53D7a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40544.jpg
72107,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A fagment of a bronze socketed axehead. Only the blade end is present and none of the socket remains. The blade is expanded and there are blade tip hollows. Most of the blade edge is intact, although with some corrosion chipping. The transverse break just above blade tips is worn. There are many very fine transverse lines close to the blade edge on both faces.  Mixed green and brown patina.  Forms part of a hoard of Late Bronze Age metalwork, probably deposited circa 1000 to 800 BC.",Lenham Station hoard no.4,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,35.99,,,10.72,27.97,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ8951,From a paper map,51.226893,0.705451,KENT-8D80E4,,KENT-8D80E4a.jpg,KENT-8D80E4.  Late Bronze Age socketed axehead.  Drawn by D. Andrews.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/KENT-8D80E4a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40545.jpg
72113,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"18 cast copper 'bun' ingot fragments, of varying thickness, weight and condition.  9 fragments appear to be plano-convex edge fragments from the edge of the bun, albeit they do not appear to be from the same bun.  Found together with 4 copper alloy socketed axeheads, KENT-8CF725, KENT-8D44F3, KENT-8D53D7 and KENT-8D80E4, these represent finds 5-22 from a dispersed hoard of Late Bronze Age metalwork, probably deposited circa 1000-800 BC.  Individual ingot details as follows: 5. Plano-convex edge fragment (Th: 23.25mm, Wt: ???g). 6. Plano-conves edge fragment (Th: 25.32mm, Wt: ???g). 7. Plano-convex edge fragment (Th: 26.78mm, Wt: ???g). 8. Ingot fragment (Th: 23.32mm, Wt: 99.48g). 9. Possible plano-convex edge fragment (Th: 27.93mm, Wt: 91.66g). 10. Ingot fragment (Th: 20.10mm, Wt: 100.12g). 11. Ingot fragment (Th: 18.30mm, Wt: 56.26g). 12. Ingot fragment (Th: 21.04mm, Wt: 102.39g).  13. Plano-convex edge fragment (Th: 22.46mm, 154.63g).  14. Plano-convex edge fragment (Th: 14.84mm, Wt: 80.48g). 15. Plano-convex edge fragment (Th: 21.11mm, Wt: 89.95g). 16. Plano-convex edge fragment (Th: 25.26mm, Wt: ???g). 17. Ingot fragment (Th: 16.84mm, Wt: 31.25g). 18. Plano-convex edge fragment (Th: 23.58mm, Wt: 99.29g). 19. Ingot fragment (Th: 19.13mm, Wt: 87.09g). 20. Ingot fragment (Th: 14.38mm, Wt: 106.15g). 21. Ingot fragment (Th: 28.87mm, Wt: ???g). 22. Ingot fragment (Th:13.33mm, Wt: 9.45g).",Lenham Station Hoard nos. 5-22,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,18,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ8951,From a paper map,51.226893,0.705451,KENT-8D8F21,,ingot 6-a.jpg,KENT-8D8F21 6.  Ingot fragment from Bronze Age hoard.  Drawn by D. Andrews.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/ingot 6-a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40548.jpg
72277,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1400,"A complete cast Bronze Age palstave axehead (length: 163.5mm; width: at cutting edge: 69mm; thickness at flange facets: 33mm; over 200g).  The butt of the axehead is fairly corroded and pointed to a tip.  The septum measures 18mm wide with flange tops protruding upwards at either side by 11.5mm in height.  The stop is 62.5mm down the length of the septum with a shield-shaped impression on the other side, measuring approximately 29mm in length down the blade, probably as a form of decoration.  At either side of the axehead as the flange tops slope downwards after the stop, there is a nick which protrudes outwards very slightly.  The length of the blade from the end of the shield-shaped pattern to the blade facet measures 65.5mm and it slopes downwards to the start of the possible blade facet which begins approximately 14mm from the edge. The blade splays outwards nearer the edge to form a cresent shape with blade tips on either side.  The cutting edge is heavily corroded which some of the surface patina worn/ corroded away, particularly by bronze disease.  The casting seam is visible on either side of the axe and continues down the overall length of the flange and the blade side.  Overall, the axehead is in a worn and corroded condition in certain areas and has a dark brown-black patina.


This axehead is similar to shield-shaped palstaves of the Acton metalwork, as mentioned in Rohl & Needham's 1998 paper 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis': see reference numbers 92-6.  The Acton metalwork dates from 1500-1400 BC and comes under the Deverel Rimbury and allied groups grave series, showing the major burial tradition in England and Wales at the time.  There similar artefacts in the Birmingham Museum Collection, as illustrated in Philip J Watson's 1993 paper titled 'Catalogue of British & European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums; reference numbers 123 & 5, especially those with the shield-shaped patterning.  No 123 is a palstave with high flanges extending beyond the stop ridge with shield pattern decoration.  It can be classified as Burgess group B/A from County Londonderry, Londonderry.  No 125 is an unlooped palstave with trident pattern, broken butt and has been classified as Burgess group A. and was found at Antrim, Ballymoney.  Other similar examples include those from Chepstow Bridge (Gloucestershire) and Arreton (Isle of Wight), as illustrated in S. M. Pearce's 'Bronze Age Metalwork in southern Britain'; see fig 7c & 8e.


Pearce calls these palstaves 'the backbone of the Middle bronze Age industry' (page 23).  They are a technical improvement on the ealrier flanged axes.  The earliest palstaves lack side loops and have their blades decorated with a midrib (Group 1 type) like that from Chepstow, or with a shield pattern (Group 2 type).  Early midrib and shield pattern palstaves were also being manufactured byt the Acton Park smiths of North Wales and by smiths in eastern Britain before 1400 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1997-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,33,163.5,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Teddesley Hay,,,,,WMID-A37D33,,WMID-A37D33  2.jpg,"The side view of a cast bronze palstave axe, dating from c.1500-1400 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-A37D33  2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/33199.jpg
72288,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1275,-1140,"A rare and important find for Essex of an almost complete Bronze Age bronze arrowhead. Cast in one piece, this arrowhead is barbed and tanged in form, with the two sides forming an angle of approximately 35 degrees. It is 39.76mm long, 19.82mm wide from barb to barb, 2.56mm thick and weighs 5.10g. The extreme end of the point is missing and the barbs are damaged and truncated. The tang, which is complete and rectangular in plan is 7.8mm and the barbs are 3.48mm and 2.38mm long respectively. The arrowhead has a low mid ridge, making the object bevelled on one face and so gives it a triangular section. Much of the original surface survives with a dark green patina, but it is heavily scratched and pitted. The exposed surfaces are mid green in colour. There is one small patch of bright green corrosion to one side of the longer tang.


There is only one bronze arrowhead from a secure Bronze Age context in Britain and that was in the Penard hoard, first reported in Archaeologica 71, page 138. The Penard arrowhead has a mid rib as opposed to ridge, but is still barbed and tanged. At the time of its discovery it was a unique find in Britain and was presumed to be an import as there are numerous finds of bronze arrowheads recorded from Northern France.


However, thanks to an increase in the number of reported metal detected finds, Bronze Age bronze arrowheads are now growing in number, though they remain a rare group of artefact. Dr Colin Pendleton reports that Suffolk has 17 known examples, of which 5 can be termed barbed and tanged. Norfolk has at least 4 recorded and more examples are being added to the database from around the country. This suggests that bronze arrowheads were also a British tradition.


The arrowhead reported here is the first known from Essex and as such is an important discovery for the county, as well as adding to the growing British corpus. Though the barbed and tanged form was used in flint from the Early Bronze Age to the Middle Bronze Age, the evidence from Penard, which dates from 1275-1140 BC, suggests that copper alloy arrowheads did not come into fashion until later in the Middle Bronze Age. Therefore this is the suggested date range for this arrowhead.


Thanks are extended to Dr Stuart Needham of the British Museum for his opinion on this artefact.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.1,,,2.56,39.76,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Hadstock,,,,,ESS-A41D75,,Barker arrowhead 2 to 1.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy arrowhead 2:1,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/Barker arrowhead 2 to 1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/33331.jpg
72437,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1300,"An incomplete cast bronze axehead (length: 87.1mm; width: 37mm; thickness: 30.5mm; weight: 197.41g).  The butt of the axe has been broken and is badly corroded with some small areas of bronze disease.  The septum's length from the butt to the stop of the axe measures 66mm (as well as a width of 19mm), with low flanges measuring between 5-7mm in height either side.  The blade end of the axe has broken off 21mm after the stop, but this is far enough to notice a central rib running down its length on both sides, leading to what would have been the blade. The flange side is triangular in shape with a loop protruding outwards by 7.2mm level to where the stop is.  Overall, this incomplete axehead is in a fair but corroded condition in some areas, particularly  at the butt, flange facets and beyond the stop.  It is difficult to identify the true colour and patina of the axehead and the artefact has been coated in a substance, but it seems to have a patchy brown/ black patina with various areas of bronze disease.


This axehead seems to have similarities with other examples identified as from the Taunton industries, so called because of an especially rich series of finds that was made in the Vale of Taunton, dating from approximately 1400-1300 BC (Rohl & Needham, 1998, page 119, figure 21).  According to Pearce (1984, page 24), side loops became a regular feature in the later part of the Middle Bronze Age palstave industries, and the ribbed decoration was still popular from earlier examples.  A similar example of a ribbed palstave is illustrated in Pearce's book (Page 25, Fig 8a, Ref A) and was found at Cemmaes, Powys.


Many other examples are illustrated in Watson's 'Catalogue of British & European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums', 1993, Ref Nos 47-51 among the illustrated plates.  All these are classsified as Burgess group IIIa and have been found from Barton Green, Warwickshire; Middleton, Staffordshire; Berry Mound, Worcestershire; Britain: no provenance; Britain: no provenance respectively.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1997-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,197.41,,,30.5,87.1,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Teddesley Hay,,,,,WMID-C89DB4,,WMID-C89DB4  2.jpg,"The side view of an incomplete cast bronze axehead, dating between 1400-1300 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-C89DB4  2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/33353.jpg
72928,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Bronze age copper alloy palstave, 58mm long 39mm wide at tip. The object weighs 135 grams and has a green/brown patina with parts of the surface missing. The palstave is broken off cleanly and at this point it is 24mm wide and 17mm thick. The object tapers down to the tip at which point it is 3mm thick and the blade splays slightly to give it a 39mm width.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-08-17T23:00:00Z,,,,135,,,3,58,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Mountsorrel,SK5714,From a paper map,52.720657,-1.157544,LEIC-600723,,600723.JPG,600723  palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/600723.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/34188.jpg
72952,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,Fragment of bronze axe. Blade end only of a socketed axe. Slightly flaring cutting edge. Casting ridge along each side. Elliptical cross section and socket.,,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,31.08,,,35.52,27.91,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Winterbourne Steepleton,SY6190,From finder,50.708318,-2.55369,SOMDOR-9A65F5,,9A65F5.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/npayne/9A65F5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/117006.jpg
72953,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Bronze age copper alloy axe, 40mm long 30-35mm wide and 4-12mm thick. The object represents the tip of the axe, which widens from 30mm to 35mm at the blade. It weighs 65 grams and has a brownish/green patina. It tapers in thickness from 17mm at the broken end to 3mm at the tip.  This is probably part of a mid bronze age straight sided, intrusive? axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-08-18T23:00:00Z,,,,65,,,4,40,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Mountsorrel,SK5814,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.720551,-1.142741,LEIC-9A5B67,,9A5B67 .JPG,9A5B67 axe tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/9A5B67 .JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/34189.jpg
72954,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,Incomplete bronze axe. Narrow socketed axe with slightly flaring cutting edge. Butt of the axe missing. Casting ridge along each side. Rectangular cross section and socket. There is a raised cast V motif on both faces of the axe. Stuart Needham identified this as an unusual feature on a socketed axe.,,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,97.34,,,18.52,71.04,1,Stuart Needham,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Winterbourne Steepleton,SY6190,,50.708318,-2.55369,SOMDOR-9AC505,,9AC505.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/npayne/9AC505.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/117004.jpg
73300,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a bronze socketed axe dating from the late Bronze Age. The cutting edge and part of the body only. The blade is slightly expanded tapering back towards the hafting end. It is asymmetrical and convex around the blade edge. It has a rectangular sectioned socket whereby the walls vary slightly in thickness. The side walls are about equal in thickness. The walls of the two faces are thinner but are about twice as thick as the sides.  At the sides externally are longitudinal casting flashes. The axe has a good surface condition and has not been excessively cleaned. Dimensions: side 5.46mm, side 6.02mm. Front 5.50mm, back 7.68mm.",PAL2144. From paper record,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,141.29,,,19.51,53.4,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Elaine Howard-Jones,South West,Bath and North East Somerset,Bath and North East Somerset,North Stoke,ST7069,,51.41921326,-2.43281237,SOMDOR-C8BA74,,,,,,,
74602,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Socketed axe head, made of cast copper alloy. Sompting type.            It has a prominent bulbous collar below which is horizontal moulding. The upper body is narrow at the sides (measuring 26mm) and diverges to an expanded cutting edge (measuring 70 mm) that forms into a splayed, elongated wedge-shape.              The loop is broad with its upper end merging with the horizontal moulding, and the lower end slightly splayed out extending to the edges of the side.               It is decorated on both sides with four pairs of ribs, each rib ending at a ring.","
Thanks to John Allan, Nick Bennellick, Helena Jaeschke, Mark Lodwick, Stuart Needham and Julien Parsons for their contributions for this record.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Building work,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,466,,,26,127,1,Stuart Needham,Jenny Wheeler,South West,Devon,West Devon,Chagford,SX7088,From a paper map,50.6771,-3.841284,DEV-8101B6,,Chagford axe.JPG,Chagford: Late Bronze Age Sompting axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/npowell/Chagford axe.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/64004.jpg
74660,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1500,"Copper alloy flanged axe.  The butt is straight and has two nicks in it.  On just above the centre is modern, and the other just below the butt corner is well patinated and ancient.  The flanges are 50mm in length and have slightly inward turned crests.  The flange sides are 16mm at their widest point.  The surface of the septums are smoother than that of the blade, and have a dark brown even patina with sporadic patches of active bright green corrosion.  The blade edges curve outwards to form a crescentric cutting edge, 33mm wide.  The blade is 7mm in width at the flange ends tapering to 0.4mm at the cutting edge.  Both sides of the blade are covered with fairly extensive patches of brown patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,96.66,,,16,99,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Willoughby with Sloothby,TF4970,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.20619,0.229501,LIN-850998,,LIN1750C.jpg,BRONZE AGE AXE FROM ABOVE,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN1750C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/36045.jpg
74691,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A Late Bronze Age copper-alloy leaf-shaped razor. The razor has a leaf-shaped blade with the side edges forming the cutting edges. There is a slight central mid-rib on one face, running the length of the blade. Usually this mid-rib is quite prominent, but this is not the case on this example. In profile, the blade is bent at one tip at 45 °. Protruding from one tip is an integral rectangular sectioned tang. The tang tapers and the tip is curled. The surface of the razor is just developing a slight green/brown coloured patina. One face has more patina on the surface than the other, but there is no active corrosion. The razor measures 107.9mm long, 33.2mm wide and the thickness of the tang is 2.9mm. It weighs 28.16g. 

Bronze Age razors were first classified by Hodges (1956) as Class IV, a possibly derivative of Class I.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.16,,,2.9,107.9,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,,,SP1051,From finder,52.157188,-1.855243,WAW-878535,,WAW-878535 drawing.jpg,Two drawn views of a Bronze Age leaf-shaped razor.,Candy Stevens,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-878535 drawing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/42171.jpg
74811,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"An incomplete cast and hammered copper alloy low flanged axe of Early Bronze Age date. A small developed axe type. It has an asymmetrical hammered crescentic blade and the butt is missing. There is a slight hammered flange along each side, front and back. There are several transverse ridges on the axe from hammering it into shape. Dimensions 72.74mm x 63.41mm x 9.07mm, weight 137.01g.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Agricultural or drainage work,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,137.01,,,9.07,72.74,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Elaine Howard-Jones,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Mapperton,SY5099,Centred on parish,50.78840164,-2.71068749,SOMDOR-990337,,,,,,,
74813,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axe. This fragment represents part of the expanded blade end of the axe. It is trapezoidal in plan and wedge shaped in profile. The original cutting edge no longer exists and the blade tips are heavily worn. There is a ‘V’ shaped depression in the broad end of the fragment that is subrectangular when viewed in plan, which represents the very end of the socket. The axe surface is heavily abraded and pitted. The original surface of the axe only survives in small patches and is dark brown in patina. The subsequently exposed surface is bright green, with areas of deeper pitting being yellowy in colour. The depression has a light brown patina to its sides. The fragment survives in generally poor condition. The fragment is 20.04mm long, 35.3mm wide, 11.02mm thick at the broad end and weighs 18.03g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.03,,,11.02,20.04,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Essex,Rochford,Rochford,,,,,ESS-994075,,DSCN1569.JPG,Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/DSCN1569.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/36296.jpg
75136,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,"Complete, cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age, side looped, spearhead. This spearhead has a narrow leaf shaped blade with a lozenge shaped section. The shaft is circular in section and socketed. To either side of the shaft, halfway along its length, is a lozenge or leaf shaped side loop, both of which are slightly flattened against the shaft. There is no peg hole on the shaft. The casting seams are not visible, except for a raised but smoothed seam of metal above one of the side loops. The original surface is mostly intact and has a mid brown patina. The object has suffered damage in a variety of forms. The surface is pitted and scratched, notable at the blade tip and along the mid rib. The edges of the blade are chipped. There is a subsquare nick at the mouth of the socket that has caused two cracks to run up the shaft to just below one of the side loops, and a triangular nick that has not resulted in cracking. There is also a sub oval hole running from one of the side loops. These signs of damage are worn smooth and evenly patinated suggesting that they occurred in antiquity. However there is a large amount of scratching to the object surface, which may be the result of more modern damage, possibly over harsh cleaning. There are also two grooves on the object that are shiny bronze in colour that are definitely due to recent damage.



The socket of the spearhead is blocked with compacted soil, as are the side loops. Under microscopic inspection there are traces of a fibrous material that may be leather or heavily decayed wood, but not enough survives to get a positive identification. The soil is probably compacted due to the post depositional environment. Because of this blockage, it is not known how far the socket extends into the shaft. The spearhead is 145.06mm long, of which 54.34mm is the shaft, 28.56mm at the widest point of the blade and 10.72mm thick at the mid rib. The socket mouth has a diameter of 18.78mm. The side loops are 18mm long and the bottom of the loop begins 20.78mm from the end of the shaft. The object weighs 72.75g. A parallel for this spearhead can be seen in Ehrenberg, 1977 number 25. Ehrenberg comments that spearheads of this type date from the Middle Bronze Age period, but it is thought those with the flattened side loops continued into the later Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,72.75,,18.78,10.72,145.06,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,Wethersfield,,,,,ESS-EBFB42,,Spearhead edited.jpg,"Bronze Age side looped spear head, reverse view",Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/Spearhead edited.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/36496.jpg
75175,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Fragment of the butt end of a Bronze Age flanged or palstave axe. The object is copper-alloy and is 28 mm long and 24 mm wide. The axe is flanged in profile, with a ridge on each edge of the axe on the obverse and reverse, making the axe appear like a capital I on its side in profile. These ridges are to allow the axe handle to be slotted into the axe before being secured with a twine binding. The break is worn smooth and the axe was evidently broken in antiquity. The axe dates from around 2500 BC to 1200 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,26.2,,,,28,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,South East,Milton Keynes,Milton Keynes,Hanslope,SP7747,From a paper map,52.115969,-0.8769,NARC-EDBA86,,NARC-EDBA86axeheadprof.jpg,"Bronze Age axehead, butt fragment profile",Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-EDBA86axeheadprof.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/36503.jpg
75484,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete small axe or more likely an axe-chisel, cast from copper alloy. The surviving portion is wedge shaped, with rectangular faces which are almost straight when seen from the side, and that meet to form a curving blade edge that appears to have had little secondary bevel. The sides, when looking at the face, are slightly concave along the length, curving outwards to the blade. The middle of the blade edge has broken off in the past, but appears once to have a narrow curve of maybe 120°, with no flaring of the tips; the rounded tips are 19.31m apart. The hollow interior is cone-shaped. The artefact has a sub-rectangular cross-section with walls between 2.06mm and 4.34mm thick. The artefact has been broken off at the end, but it appears that part of the butt is still present: if this is correct then the artefact was once around 47-50mm in length. There is a casting seam running along one face. There is no decoration on the artefact, suggesting an everyday rather than ceremonial purpose. The artefact is very worn, with heavy corrosion, although some of the original smooth surface survives (around 40%), with a light greenish-grey colour. The rest has a mottled, greenish-grey colour, and a very pitted texture. All the evidence points towards this being a tool for carving wood- that is for ornamental carving. The round blade edge would make it versatile, enabling the carver to work with a concave area, and the bevel of the whole tool- at around 20°, makes it ideal for very fine work where thin slivers of wood are being removed. This is a fine ¾ inch chisel. The fact that it is cast with an integral socket (for the wooden handle it once had) suggests a Middle- Late Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,31.84,,,12.67,46.92,1,Liz Andrews-Wilson,Liz Andrews-Wilson,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Arlington,TQ5507,From a paper map,50.841771,0.200131,SUSS-19D9F0,,3-57.jpg,Axe chisel ,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lwilson/3-57.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/36950.jpg
75506,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1800,-700,"A cast bronze arrowhead, possibly dating to the late Bronze Age between c. 1800-700 BC (length: 51.4mm; width: 15.8mm; thickness: 10.3mm; diameter of socket: 11.1mm; weight: 16.05g).  Even though the artefact is badly corroded and broken at tip and socket, the fairly prominent midrib with blade wings are still visible.  The artefact has a circular socketed shaft which is open into the hollow cavity of the head.  As well as general amounts of corrosion, there is a significant amount of bronze disease present in the bottom of the hollow shaft.  There is also a small hole along the line of the midrib halfway down the blade.  The possible arrowhead has a dark green/ brown patina.

Bronze arrowheads dating to this period are extremely rare in Britain, with one found as part of a hoard in Penard, Wales (Savory, 1980, oage 57) as well as possible arrowheads found on the Isle of Portland, Sussex, Yorkshire, Montgomeryshire and another on display in Norwich Museum.  Bronze arrowheads seem to appear more regularly in France where they were first manufactured in the Middle Bronze Age, in the Paris basin and the west-central area (Savory, page 57).",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,,16.05,,,10.3,51.4,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Hammerwich,SK0708,From finder,52.669667,-1.897922,WMID-28FC66,,WMID-28FC66.jpg,"A cast bronze arrowhead, possibly dating to the later bronze Age period between c. 1800-700 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-28FC66.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/36910.jpg
75769,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,A small Bronze Age axehead. The axehead is wedge shaped in section. The cutting edge is curved. The attachment end is flat and without flanges. The surface of the axe is extremely corroded and pitted. It possesses a green patina. The axehead is 45mm in length; the cutting edge has a width of 34mm; the attachment end has a thickness of 23mm.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,49.4,,,23,45,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,North East,Stockton-on-Tees,Stockton-on-Tees,Stillington and Whitton,NZ3723,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),54.600827,-1.428792,NCL-7E8595,,axeheadstill.jpg,Copper alloy Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/axeheadstill.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/37207.jpg
75945,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,Fragment of Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spearhead. ,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,9.62,29.9,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Sevenoaks,Brasted,,,,,KENT-949CD1,,PAK120-066.JPG,KENT-949CD1.  Bronze age spearhead fragment.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK120-066.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/41061.jpg
76529,Mount,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2000,43,"Copper alloy fitting, comprising a circular convex dome, with a transverse round-sectioned shank on the reverse.  The patination and condition of the object is suggestive of a prehistoric date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,2004-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,12.7,,27.22,12.42,27.22,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Chartham,TR1053,From a paper map,51.237519,1.00696,KENT-C0C597,,PAK121-057.JPG,"KENT-C0C597.  Copper alloy fitting, profile.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK121-057.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/41970.jpg
76558,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1200,A fragment comprising the upper part of a palstave axe.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,,14.5,,,,19,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Crondall,SU7947,From a paper map,51.216745,-0.870278,SUR-C23176,,04.251.jpg,04/251 Palstave fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.251.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/39712.jpg
76596,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1200,A Middle Bronze Age tanged chisel. The chisel has a spatulate terminal which tapers into a rectangular-section tang. In side view the chisel is thickest in the centre.,,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,,13.3,,,4,74,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Crondall,SU7948,From a paper map,51.225735,-0.870057,SUR-C3C9B4,,04.273.jpg,04/273 Bronze Age chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.273.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/39750.jpg
76597,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1200,"The point of a rapier blade. The blade has been cut down to act, presumably, as a knife. There is a pair of notches on either side of the butt end which may have aided the fixing into a haft.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,,31.9,,,4,160,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Crondall,SU7848,GPS (from the finder),51.225872,-0.884375,SUR-C3DA92,,04.274.jpg,04/274 Bronze Age rapier blade,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.274.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/39751.jpg
76628,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1050,"A cast fragment of a copper alloy spearhead (length: 52.8mm; largest diameter at the probable shaft end: 13.7mm; smallest diameter at the blade end: 10.6mm; weight: 13.81g). Only this fragment of the socket remains with irregular breaks at both ends as well as a high degree of corrosion. On either side of the socket, the humped remains of two side loops are still visible. They are also of irregular size as one appears larger than the other (width: 5.9mm x 4.2mm).



There is a similar example illustrated in Watson's 'Catalogue of British & European Prehistoric Metal in Birmingham City Museums', 1993, page 11, ref no 87, found in Kingsbury, Warwickshire. There are other examples in Susan M. Pearce's publication 'The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain', Part ii, 1983, found in numerous areas, but most notably Hambledon Hill, Hod Hill, Cheddar, near Blandford Camp and near Glastonbury. H. N. Savory in 'Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections', 1980, pages 49-51, adds that 'side-looped' spearheads were heavily produced in local North Wales industries with loops further up the socket in comparison with previous examples as well as having leaf-shaped blades. These spearheads were also popular in southern England.



This example may have had a short stabbing blade (mostly likely to date to the Middle Bronze Age I between c. 1450-1250 BC) or a longer weapon (mostly likely to date to the Middle Bronze Age II period between c. 1250-1050 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,13.81,,13.7,,52.8,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Swynnerton,SJ8538,From finder,52.939181,-2.224639,WMID-D2A721,,WMID-D2A721.jpg,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age spearhead, dating between 1450-1050 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-D2A721.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/37755.jpg
76637,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1450,-700,"An incomplete cast bronze palstave axehead (length: 108.9mm; width at blade: 32.2mm; width at opposite septum end: 20.5mm; thickness at flange side: 20.1mm; weight: 200.53g).  With only a small part of the septum, butt and some of the side loop missing, the axehead is otherwise complete, even though it is in a very badly corroded state.  The flanges to either side of the septum are very slight (possibly also due to corrosion), as is the stop.  There are remains of one side loop positioned at the stop.  The blade is rather chunky in form without any indentations or ridges beyond the stop.  The blade tip and cutting end only spans slightly.  The general condition of the axehead is poor and corroded with only a few patches of the original dark green patina left near the stop and around the centre of the artefact.

H. N. Savory (in 'Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections' [National Museum of Wales], 1980, page 46) adds that the transition to the general use of loops to help fastening the handles of axe-heads occurred at about the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1250 BC) in Wales as well as in southern England with influences from the Continent.

This axehead dates between 1450-700 BC.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-07-17T23:00:00Z,,,,200.53,,,20.1,108.9,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Boylestone,SK1735,From finder,52.912161,-1.748651,WMID-D347E4,,WMID-D347E4.jpg,"An incomplete cast bronze palstave axehead, dating to the Bronze Age between 1450-700 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-D347E4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/37762.jpg
76712,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Middle to late Bronze Age. Copper alloy, broken and damaged fragment, roughly rectangular with a vesica shaped cross-section, probably from a sword or dagger. Dark green patina but also surface corrosion especially round the edges.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-10-20T23:00:00Z,,,,42.8,,,8,46,1,Geoff Burr,Geoff Burr,London,Greater London Authority,Bexley,St. Mary's,TQ5072,From a paper map,51.42716035,0.15620906,KENT-DA73E2,,da73e2b.jpg,Bronze sword - fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gburr/da73e2b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/39092.jpg
76871,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"A cast bronze blade fragment of a probable palstave (or flat) axehead (length: 30.8mm; width at blade tip: 54.8mm; thickness: 11mm; weight: 72.61g).  The fragment is broken (probably in antiquity) in a roughly straight line  after the blade has curved inwards from the blade tip.  The artefact is in a worn but fair condition with some areas of the original patina remaining which is dark brown in colour.


Flat and palstave axes were produced in this country from the Early-Late Bronze Age period (c. 2500-700 BC), with flat axes manufactured at the beginning and progressing into palstave axes.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,72.61,,,11,30.8,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Eccleshall,,,,,WMID-25FC64,,WMID-25FC64  2.jpg,"A cast bronze blade fragment of a palstave or flat axe, dating to the Bronze Age between c. 2500-700 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-25FC64  2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/37938.jpg
76874,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"A cast bronze broken blade fragment of a flat or palstave axehead (length: 26.1mm, width: 37.1mm; thickness: 7.3mm; weight: 24.32g).  Most of the blade tip and cutting edge remains and does not curve round at the edges.  One of the blade sides is intact until the break, but most of the blade side opposite has been broken at a slant down to near the blade tip.  The artefact is in a worn but fair condition with only small traces of the original patina surviving.  The surface of the axehead fragment is dark grey in colour.

Flat axes appear in the Early Bronze Age (c. 2500-1400 BC) and then progress into the manufacture of palstave axes which mostly appear in the Middle Bronze Age (c. 2500-1400 BC), but still continue in use into the Later Bronze Age (c. 1400-700 BC).  It is difficult to determine which type of axe this blade fragment belongs to.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1999-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,24.32,,,7.3,26.1,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Linkenholt,SU3658,From finder,51.319973,-1.484795,WMID-2667D2,,WMID-2667D2  2.jpg,"A cast bronze fragment of a flat or palstave axehead, dating to the Bronze Age between c. 2500-700 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-2667D2  2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/37942.jpg
76878,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A cast bronze blade fragment of a Bronze Age socketed axehead (length: 35mm; width at blade tip: 52mm; thickness: 14.4mm; weight: 73.57g).  With only the lower part of the body and blade edge surviving, it is impossible to classify this socketed axehead to a particular type.  The hollow inside of the artefact is present.  The break probably happened in antiquity and occurs across the width of the axehead in a roughly straight line.  The artefact is in a worn and poor condition with some areas of bronze disease, particularly along the break and inside the hollow cavity.  No remains of the original patina survive and the surface has a variety of colours, mainly orange and light green.

Socketed axeheads represent a change in the method of hafting and production (by hollow casting), particularly in comparison with the earlier flat and palstave axes.  The hafting is now done with the adoption of a handle with a single knee-shaft prong (Savory, 1980, page 48).  Socketed axes date to the Late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC).",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-07-31T23:00:00Z,2004-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,73.57,,,14.4,35,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Telford and Wrekin,Telford and Wrekin,Newport,,,,,WMID-26FF21,,WMID-26FF21.jpg,"A cast bronze fragment of a Bronze Age socketed axe, dating between c. 1400-700 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-26FF21.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/37943.jpg
77095,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Fragment of a possible Bronze age copper alloy blade, 74mm long and weighing 30.54 grams. The object is missing its upper and lower edges and has some corrosion with a blue/green patina. The upper edge is slightly curved and has a central semi circular recess which was probably a circular hole originally. At this point the object is 30mm wide and when viewed in section it tapers from 4mm thick in the centre to just under 1mm at its edge. The object also tapers in width from about one third of its length down, terminating with a broken edge which is 15mm wide. This end also has a tapering section which is the shape of an elongated lozenge. The object is possibly a dagger blade?",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-10-04T23:00:00Z,,,,30.54,,,4,74,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Gilmorton,SP5688,From a paper map,52.487052,-1.17674,LEIC-3E3F07,,3E3F07.JPG,3E3F07 bronze age ? blade,LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/3E3F07.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/38102.jpg
77201,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Copper alloy Bronze Age awl, 48mm in length and roughly circular in section at its mid-point (5mm diameter). This then narrows over 25mm to a point at one end, and at the other becomes square in section (4x4mm) thinning to a flat end (4x1mm), the tang, over 23mm.
Weighs 5.12g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,5.12,,,5,48,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Salisbury,SU1331,Centred on parish,51.07817823,-1.81580485,WILT-415167,,DMawl.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/DMawl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/38088.jpg
77239,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A copper alloy palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. It is complete with high, curving flanges and a deep hafting recess with high, concave stops. The sides flare out into the crescent shaped blade, the surface of which is slightly rippled. Casting ridges are visible on both of the flanged sides. Much of the original surface is retained under iron deposits generated by soil conditions. Dimensions: 148.5 mm x 61.93 mm x 35.75 mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,35.75,148.5,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Elaine Howard-Jones,South West,Dorset,,,,,,,SOMDOR-50EF71,,,,,,,
77279,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"
A fragment from a copper alloy socketed chisel, the blade end only. It is oval sectioned.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,10.6,27.13,1,Stuart Needham,Elaine Howard-Jones,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Corfe Mullen,SY9798,,50.78156714,-2.04391935,SOMDOR-531788,,,,,,,
78256,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-800,Fragment of cast copper alloy object of possible Bronze Age date.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,8.44,35.09,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Dover,Great Mongeham,TR3451,From a paper map,51.210237,1.348868,KENT-FF2DD1,,PAK126-003.JPG,KENT-FF2DD1.  Copper alloy fragment.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK126-003.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/45729.jpg
78708,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1100,A copper alloy palstave chisel or miniature axe with the cutting edge and part of the hafting groove remaining. The cutting edge is narrow and slightly flaring. It tapers back to a rectangular channel on both sides with raised edges along the side. It's dimensions are 51.82mm x 22.54mm x 9.03mm,PAL1663,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,9.03,51.82,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Elaine Howard-Jones,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Buckland Newton,ST6905,Centred on parish,50.84368645,-2.44166566,SOMDOR-7B3C43,,SOMDOR7B3C43b.jpg,Bronze Age Miniature Axe or Palstave Chisel,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sjones/SOMDOR7B3C43b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/96633.jpg
78806,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy side-looped spearhead, dating to the Taunton (Cenmaes) - Penard metalworking phases (c.1400-1100BC) (Needham et al. 1997), corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150BC). The spearhead is complete and is 149.4mm long and weighs 101.3g. The circular socket has an external diameter at the mouth of 19.2mm. Adhering to the inside of the socket is a ring of surviving wood from the spear shaft, (the spear was deposited or lost in a wetland esturine environment). The sides of the socket converge towards the blade. Midway between the blade and the end of the socket are attachment loops (external dimensions 16 x 6mm) with irregular oval tops. The spearhead has a leaf shaped blade (maximum width 30.8mm) with straight converging blade edges. The socket continues as a solid rounded midrib as far as the tip. Bevelled blade edges are evident although eroded. The spearhead had a dark green to brown patina.","This spearhead has been published by Davis (2012, No.301) and classed within his Type 6B Developed side-looped (Flame, flat blade, lozenge plates). Davis (2012, 76f.) lists 83 of this type of spearhead from Britain, with a concentration around the Thames Valley and a spread across Central England and Wales.



The spearhead can be paralleled with a number of examples recovered from Wales and elsewhere, and is similar to Savory (1980) No. 337:2. A similar side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has recently been dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating. However, overall Davis (2012, 108-110) places this group within the Taunton-Penard metalworking phases.",3,,Wood,Acquired by a museum - not a Treasure case,Other chance find,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,101.3,,19.2,,149.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Llwchwr,SS5698,From finder,51.662279,-4.083392,NMGW-8E8085,,DSCN3025.JPG,Spearhead Side View,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DSCN3025.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40802.jpg
78951,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"The axe is a Bronze Age socketed axe, made of cast copper alloy. The axe is a relatively short example. 


  
  The socket rim is a rectangular with rounded corners and edges. The rim on the exterior of the axe is moulded with a single ridge which tapers towards the body of the axe. The rim is regular, therefore the socket mouth is also a rectangular shape. The interior of the socket is smooth, no casting seams or ribs are visible. 


  
  The body of the axe is short and wide. The blade tips flare outwards quickly, and they are asymmetrical. The cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical, this maybe due to ware, or the cutting edge being slightly abraded. Otherwise the cutting edge is quite sharp. 


  
  The sides are straight until they reach the blade tips. They have casting seams visible. One side has the integral semi-circular loop positioned near the rim. In section the loop is a sub-lozenge shape, which is mainly due to the casting seams. 


  
  The exterior surface of the axe has a patchy surface which has the start of a patina. There is some recent damage, scrapes, on the surface. 


  
  The axe weighs 72.47g. From the cutting edge to the rim it measures 53.9mm, across the blade, from tip to tip to measures 35.7mm and the depth of the socket rim is 25.2mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,72.47,,,25.2,53.9,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Twyning,SO9035,From a paper map,52.013336,-2.147115,WAW-E12B22,,WAW-E12B22 Drawing.jpg,Three drawn views of a Bronze Age Socketed Axe.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-E12B22 Drawing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/51681.jpg
79017,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"
The upper end of a palstave axe. The springing of the side flanges is visible on both sides.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-10-16T23:00:00Z,,,,33.82,,,,33,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ1950,GPS (from the finder),51.236782,-0.296797,SUR-FB3A61,,04.359.jpg,04/359 Palstave axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.359.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40982.jpg
79022,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"A small fragment of cast bronze, patinated dark green. Both sides taper to a sharp edge.",This may be the corner of the blade of a palstave or a socketed axe but the piece is too small for certain identification.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-10-16T23:00:00Z,,,,20.14,,,,28,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ1950,From a paper map,51.236782,-0.296797,SUR-FB5552,,04.360.jpg,04/360 Possible axe blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.360.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/40983.jpg
79425,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-1450,"A cast bronze flat axe (length: 74.9mm; width at blade: 40.3mm; thickness: 11mm; weight: 115.67g).  A small, crudely made and uneven axe with gently sloping sides to the blade.  The blade is not flanged.  The artefact has a high metallic content and would have been made in an open mould (possibly of sandstone), therefore explaining why the surface is no uneven and slightly pitted.  The butt of the axe has tapered to a narrow point but the side is thick.  The axe is worn and in a poor condition.

Similar examples are illustrated in Peter Harbison's 'The Axes of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland', 1969, particularly those of the Logh Ravel type (pages 10-19).

Flat axes date to the Early Bronze Age, between 2,500-1,450 BC.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-10-05T23:00:00Z,,,,115.67,,,11,74.9,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Telford and Wrekin,Telford and Wrekin,Chetwynd,SJ7424,From a paper map,52.812911,-2.387187,WMID-645353,,WMID-645353  2.jpg,"A cast bronze flat axe, dating to the Early Bronze Age between c. 2,500-1,450 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-645353  2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/41393.jpg
79435,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A Fragment of Late Bronze Age Socketed Axe, double mouth moulding, trace of casting flash.      Probably a South Eastern class A. Ewart Park phase, c 1000 - 800 BC.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-08-22T23:00:00Z,,,,8.45,,,4.72,30.32,1,Chris Montague,Chris Montague,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Stow cum Quy,TL5160,Centred on parish,52.217522,0.208927,CAM-666345,,,,,,,
79461,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment, consisting of the tip, of a Late Bronze Age spearhead. The break is ancient and possibly cut - the section is very smooth at this point, although the metal does appear to hava been treated, which may account for this.

The fragment is 56.5mm long and weighs 15.51g. At the break it is 17mm wide (although one edge is worn) and 8mm thick at the mid-rib. At the point, which is worn, it is 3mm wide and 2.5mm thick.

The rib becomes less pronounced c.10mm from the tip, where the blade becomes more lozengiform in section. At the break, the rib is very pronounced, with a slight depression flanking either side.

In shape, the spearhead is triangular and the edges bevelled. One edge is particularly worn. The patina is mostly intact and shiny brown, except on the edges and mid-rib.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-08-20T23:00:00Z,,,,15.51,,,8,56.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Fenland,Whittlesey,TL2895,Centred on parish,52.53782543,-0.11418288,WILT-774AE7,,CambsSpearView2.jpg,Late Bronze Age spear tip in section,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/CambsSpearView2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/41733.jpg
79766,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"Late Bronze Age bronze spearhead, flame-bladed type, of Greenwell & Brewis type V. The edges of the blade are quite jagged, but otherwise the patina is smooth and shiny and brown.
The socket (diameter 20mm, internal 16mm) is decorated with a series of vertical nicks, which are visible with socket end facing. Above this are four crude incised lines - rather wiggly and in one place one line vears off as though the designer has made a mistake. Directly above these is a ring of vvvvvvvv. Then two more groups of five incised lines, the top-most of which runs through the peg holes, 11.5mm from the socket end.
The spearhead is 92.5mm long and the maximum blade width is 24mm. The edges are bevelled and the tip (now worn) has the classic bullet-shape for this type. Weighs 28.04g.
8th/ 9th century BC.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-10-10T23:00:00Z,,,,28.04,,20,,92.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Fonthill Bishop,ST9433,Centred on parish,51.09627451,-2.08705964,WILT-A4C551,,DicksonSpear.jpg,Late Bronze Age spear - view two of two,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/DicksonSpear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/41738.jpg
79912,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,800,"A copper alloy fragment from probably a small spearhead, Bronze Age. Stuart Needham of the British Museum suggested it may be from the middle - late Bronze Age 1,500 - 800BC). The fragment originated near the tip, both ends of the fragment are breaks. The breaks have the same glossy dark green patina as the rest of the surface suggesting the breaks occurred in antiquity. The fragment has a pronounced central midrib; on either side of the midrib the metal gradually thins towards the edges. There is a small notch missing from one side but this may have occurred whilst in the ground. Length: 16.12mm; width: 7.5mm; thickness: 3.93mm; weight: 1.28g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.28,,,3.93,16.12,1,Stuart Needham,Kate Sumnall,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Forest Hill with Shotover,SP5707,From finder,51.758794,-1.175558,BERK-BABA90,,Spear tip - complete.jpg,A fragment from a Bronze Age spear.,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksutton/Spear tip - complete.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/49635.jpg
80275,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,,,A curving bar of rectangular section. One end widens and terminates in a chisel-like end. The bar is curved in two directions in relation to the wider end. The narrow end appears to be broken.,Although this appears to be a chisel the dark green of the metal and the rectangular section suggest that it is not of Bronze Age date.  The object may be modern.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-10-30T23:00:00Z,,,,48.73,,,,67,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Waverley,Thursley,SU9039,From a paper map,51.143202,-0.714823,SUR-2450C6,,04.385b.jpg,Unidentified object,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.385b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/42535.jpg
81319,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"Section of cast copper alloy double-edged blade, probably from a rapier.  Pronounced mid-rib, worn transverse break at either end.  Damaged blade edges, mottled green-brown patina with some active corrosion.  ",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-10-08T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,5.35,97.61,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,,,,,KENT-35C073,,PAK122-011.JPG,KENT-35C073.  Bronze Age blade.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK122-011.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/43804.jpg
81964,Weapon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Fragment of copper alloy double edged blade, probably Bronze Age. This fragment is subrectangular in plan with a lentoid section. Both broken ends are straight, as if the blade has been deliberately broken, possibly for its inclusion in a scrap hoard. The object is slightly bent, supporting this theory. The narrowness of the fragment suggests it has come from the pointed end of a weapon, possibly a spearhead. The fragment is abraded. Where the original surface survives, it has a dark green patina, but is otherwise mid green in colour. It has a surviving length of 34.02mm, is 16.98mm wide, 3.76mm thick and weighs 10.49g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.49,,,3.76,34.02,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Essex,,,,,,,ESS-CA0064,,Wood Ba frag.jpg,Possible fragment of Bronze Age weapon,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/Wood Ba frag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/44616.jpg
82303,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Copper alloy fragment, 34mm long, 8mm wide and 4mm thick. The object has a bright green patina and weighs 5.50 grams. The object is rectangular in form and triangular in section. The narrow edge is slightly rounded and 1mm thick. The widest edge, 4mm thick, has broken and clearly shows two layers of metal with a small void in between(One side has a small triangular protrusion overlapping the break). This would suggest a blade tip perhaps off a small axe or a chisel?",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-27T00:00:00Z,,,,5.5,,,4,34,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Thornham,TF7343,From finder,52.956472,0.573967,LEIC-046B77,,046B77.JPG,046B77 axe tip?,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/046B77.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/45179.jpg
82357,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,A fragment of metal working debris. The object appears to have some form to it in that it is approximately symmetrical. A piece of fired clay adheres to one part.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,80,,,,50,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ1950,From a paper map,51.236782,-0.296797,SUR-08F611,,04.422b.jpg,Metalworking waste,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.422b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/45102.jpg
82495,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1700,Narrow-butted Bronze Age flat axe in corroded condition. ,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,8,115,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Rochdale,Rochdale,North Heywood,SD8512,From finder,53.60434372,-2.22815712,LVPL-48A638,,48A638.jpg,Bronze age flat axe,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/48A638.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/45443.jpg
82602,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Fragment of Bronze Age sword blade. Bi convex in section, slightly tapering, no original surface remaining.
   ","This fragment joins with another (LVPL-2376) found at the same findspot in 2002 (see photo)
 Dimensions of LVPL-2376 are: L 37.6mm, W31.7mm, T 5.5mm, Wt 31.03g",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,30.91,,,5,44.7,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,North Rode,SJ8965,From finder,53.181983,-2.166053,LVPL-5CCA41,,LVPL5CCA41.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy sword blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/alexw/LVPL5CCA41.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/554270.jpg
82671,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age looped and socketed axehead dating to 1000-800BC.  The axehead is cast from copper alloy and is of the Ewart Park tradition.  The axehead is complete and in good condition and has a piece of wood inside the socket mouth, this fragment is loose and it is unclear as to whether this is a piece of the original haft or a later intrusion.  It has been handled and so would not be datable.  
 
 
The axehead has a square socket mouth with a small protrusion on one edge and a single moulded rim.  Below the rim on one side of the axehead is the loop (with an oval section).  The faces of the axehead are plain and a casting seam is present down both sides of the object.  The blade is expanded; measuring 40.1mm across the cutting edge, and there are blade tip hollows.  The blade edge is intact with few signs of wear.  The patina is greeny brown.
    
 
 The axehead weighs 160.44g (including wooden fragment) and 154.44 (without wood).  It measure 83.19mm in length, 41.7mm in width (across mouth and loop) and 34.4mm in width (across mouth).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,,,,,154.44,,,34.4,83.19,1,Anna Marshall,Anna Marshall,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Richmondshire,Muker,SD9097,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),54.368413,-2.155419,SWYOR-6F8BE7,,BA axe8.jpg,Socket mouth with possible wooden haft,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/amarshall/BA axe8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/45507.jpg
82799,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1450,"A cast bronze flat axe (length: 130.5mm; width: 63.2mm; thickness: 7.3mm; weight: 208.79g).  This badly corroded and slightly broken axe has a splayed blade which is irregular and off-centre (without flanges).  There is a possibly that the axe was not finished as the blade edge does not appear to have been sharpened, but it is difficult to tell as the surface of the axe is pitted and only fragments of the original surface/ patina survive.

This axe dates to the Early Bronze Age, between c. 2000-1450 BC.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-10-11T23:00:00Z,,,,208.79,,,7.3,130.5,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Wall,SK1006,From a paper map,52.651641,-1.853618,WMID-980207,,WMID-980207.jpg,"An slightly broken cast bronze flat axehead, dating to the Early Bronze Age between c. 2000-1450 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-980207.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/45632.jpg
82953,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1200,"A complete but worn cast unlooped copper alloy palstave axe (length: 138mm; width [at blade]: 50.1mm; thickness: 22.7mm; weight: exceeds the limits of the scales).  The septum (length: 50.1mm) is much shorter than the blade (83.4mm), with a stop dividing the two.  The flange stops are very low, with a height of approximately 3-4mm.  There is a midrib clearly down the centre of the blade's length on one side, with an indication of a worn midrib on the other side.  The blade tip and cutting edge are no longer visible due to corrosion and wear.  The flat side flanges extend from the butt to the blade edge, which seems to be a common appearance in what Rowlands classifies as a Class 2 type.  Medial ribs on the blade face are also a more common feature of this type (M J Rowlands, 'The Organisation of Middle Bronze Age Metalworking: Part I: Discussion', 1976, page 30).  The artefact is in a worn but fair condition.

A similar example is illustrated in Rowland's publication (Plate 29, Ref no 650), and was found at Bardon Hill, Leicestershire.

This artefact was identified and recorded by Philip J Wise at Warwickshire Museum on 25/07/1991, who noted that is was the first prehistoric find from the Dunchurch area.  Additionally, he mentioned a similar palstave was recorded from Stechford, Birmingham, dating between 1400-1000 BC (the Middle Bronze Age).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1991-07-16T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,22.7,138,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Dunchurch,SP4771,From finder,52.33508,-1.31165,WMID-DAD8A5,,WMID-DAD8A5  3.jpg,"A complete cast copper alloy palstave axe, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, between 1400-1200 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-DAD8A5  3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/45880.jpg
83065,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"The object is the possible butt of a palstave. It is made from cast copper alloy. If it is a palstave butt, it probably dates to Bronze Age period. 


 
 The surface of the leg is covered with a mottled green/brown patina. There are areas of a sooty deposit. In plan the butt is a slight trapezoid with the widest edge being the broken edge. The break is not recent. In section the butt is a sub-rectangle. The sides are slightly more thick than the centre of the break, the thicker sides is possibly where the flanges are starting. The sides of the butt have worn casting seams remaining. The surface is slightly pitted. The patina is a heavy brown colour. 


 
 The butt is 18.3mm long, 23.5mm wide and 7.8mm thick. It weighs 13.31g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-25T23:00:00Z,,,,13.31,,,7.8,18.3,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP3141,GPS (from the finder),52.066511,-1.549192,WAW-EDAF81,,WAW-EDAF81.jpg,Four veiws of the butt of a possible palstave.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-EDAF81.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/46038.jpg
83120,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Bronze blade tip, probably spear. length 32.10mm, width 17.68mm, thickness 6.25mm, weight 8.70g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.7,,,6.25,32.1,1,,Rachel Atherton,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Rushcliffe,Scarrington,SK7341,,52.96140945,-0.91467019,DENO-EFFCA1,,E4256 blade tip c.jpg,"Bronze Age blade tip, section.",Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ratherton/E4256 blade tip c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/46120.jpg
83706,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1140,"Fragment of Bronze Age palstave axe. This fragment represents the back end of a palstave axe and appears to have broken from the axe at the point of the backstop. The fragment is subtriangular in plan and section with a wedge shaped profile in that it narrows towards its back edge. To either side are clear flanges set at 90 degrees to the main body of the object. The original surface of the axe is missing and it is now abraded and pocked. It has a mid green patina with spots of brighter green corrosion. The break edge, though worn, is very regular, suggesting the axe had been deliberately broken, possibly for its inclusion in a scrap hoard. It is 29.1mm long, 25.74mm wide, 8.26mm thick at the widest point. The flanges are 12.06mm high. The fragment weighs 33.43g. Axes of this type date to from the middle to late Bronze Age c.1275-1140BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,33.43,,,8.26,29.1,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Berden,,,,,ESS-9957A4,,DSCN1930.JPG,Fragment of Bronze Axe palstave axe,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/DSCN1930.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/46579.jpg
83905,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,,The extreme tip of a spear (or just possibly a sword).,,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,1.7,,,,15,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Ockham,TQ0857,From a paper map,51.301888,-0.452187,SUR-ABFEE6,,04.435.jpg,Spear tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.435.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/47954.jpg
84546,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Bronze Age spearhead, tip missing and blade edges damaged, possibly missing end of socket, little of original surface remaining. There is a small loop on either side of the socket, c.halfway between blade and the end of the socket - one of the loops is slightly damaged. The pointed midrib produces a lozenge shaped section to the blade and socket. Length 71.72mm, width (across blade)22.68mm, width (across loops) 15.76mm, width (across socket end ) c.11.5mm, thickness (across broken end) 8.68mm, thickness (across socket end) 13.62mm, internal diameter of mouth of socket c.8.8mm, internal length of unbroken loop 2.9mm, internal width of unbroken loop 2.06mm, weight 24.39g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,24.39,,,13.62,71.72,1,Rachel Atherton,Rachel Atherton,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Kirklington,,,,,DENO-2A0E22,,E4344 spear all.jpg,Middle Bronze Age spear head.,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ratherton/E4344 spear all.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/47549.jpg
84558,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"The object appears to be the tip of a Bronze Age spear head. It has been made from cast copper alloy. 


 
 In plan it is an elongated triangular shape, with a blunt tip. In profile it has a lozenge shaped section with two of the opposite corners being rounded. The break is not recent. Where the spear head is broken there is a slight concave area, which is where the socket of the spear presumably terminated. 


 
 The object has a well developed mid green patina. It weighs 7.19g, and measures 29.6mm long, 14.6mm wide and 7mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,7.19,,,,29.6,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Longdon,SO8240,From a paper map,52.058085,-2.263943,WAW-2B0260,,WAW-2B0260.jpg,WAW-2B0260 Two views of a Bronze Age spear tip.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-2B0260.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/47657.jpg
84593,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1300,"Unlooped Bronze Age palstave. Prominent stop ridge, blade gradually increases in width before flaring to a curved cutting edge. ",Recorded from photograph only. Not seen by NH. ,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-12-12T00:00:00Z,,,,120,,,,105,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cumbria,South Lakeland,Milnthorpe,SD4981,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),54.222169,-2.783692,LVPL-3B57D2,,3B57D2.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/3B57D2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/47629.jpg
84751,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Fragment of Bronze Age palstave axehead.  Only a small part of the butt end of the axehead survives and is quite corroded.  The side flanges are intact on the edges of the butt but none of the blade survives.  The piece weighs 42.97g and measures 51mm in length, 22mm in width (across the side flange) and 16mm in thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,42.97,,,16,51,1,Anna Marshall,Anna Marshall,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,Thorpe Audlin,SE4716,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.638415,-1.290621,SWYOR-51FE73,,butler axe2.jpg,Fragment of Palstave Axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/amarshall/butler axe2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/43708.jpg
84874,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"Small piece of copper alloy, possibly part of a bun-shaped ingot. If so, it is Bronze Age in date. It was found in a field containing another fragment of possible ingot, a fragment of Bronze Age knife blade, as well as a large number of medieval and post medieval pot legs and slag.",See also DEV-677584 and DEV-66E583,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2004-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,108,,,,,1,Parsons Julien,Nicola Powell,South West,Devon,South Hams,Marldon,SX8564,From finder,50.464518,-3.621657,DEV-663AF1,,DSCN0417.JPG,Slag from copper alloy metalworking,Exeter City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/npowell/DSCN0417.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/47859.jpg
84881,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Possible Bronze age copper alloy blade, 42mm long, 13.5mm wide, 3mm thick and with a weight of 7.14 grams. The blade has a green/brown patina with shiny patches. The blade has damaged edges and is 3mm thick in the centre tapering gently to 1mm. The width tapers very slightly from 13.5mm to 11.5mm and may represent part of a rapier blade.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,7.14,,,3,42,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Rutland,Rutland,Brooke,SK8405,Centred on field,52.63625741,-0.76018301,LEIC-665EA1,,665EA1.JPG,665EA1 Bronze age blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/665EA1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/47855.jpg
84892,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Fragment of knife blade. It is 24mm in length, has a lozenge-shaped section and has an almost identical width at each broken end of 14.5mm. It is probably Middle to Late Bronze Age in date.","There are several such Bronze Age finds in Devon, notably the Talaton Hoard (c.1050BC to 850BC), which is on display at the Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter with part of the hoard also at the British Museum.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,7.62,,,3,24,1,Stuart Needham,Nicola Powell,South West,Devon,South Hams,Marldon,SX8564,From finder,50.464518,-3.621657,DEV-66E583,,DSCN0424.JPG,"Fragment of blade, probably Bronze Age",Exeter City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/npowell/DSCN0424.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/47867.jpg
84897,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-801,"
A fragment of a copper-alloy object, possibly representing part of a Bronze Age plano-convex ingot.



The piece would appear to be from the edge of the ingot, as part of the curved side remains. The piece is roughly cast, with several air pockets visible.
",See also possible fragment of bun-shaped ingot DEV-663AF1 and knife fragment DEV-66E583.,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2004-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,902,,,,,1,Nicola Powell,Nicola Powell,South West,Devon,South Hams,Marldon,SX8564,From finder,50.464518,-3.621657,DEV-677584,,DSCN0428.JPG,Bronze Age ingot fragment (possibly),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/npowell/DSCN0428.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/47906.jpg
84977,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,2000,800,"Copper-alloy chisel blade. The blade is 50.9 mm long. It is flanged at the impact end to a width of 21 mm. The other end is pointed and measures 2.4 mm wide, expanding to a width of 15 mm before the dramatic flange. The chisel is likely to date from the Bronze Age, and ranges in date from between circa 2000 BC to 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,10.3,,,3,50.9,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Gayton,SP7053,From a paper map,52.170832,-0.977876,NARC-6C2052,,BA chisel.jpg,Bronze Chisel head,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/BA chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/47919.jpg
85059,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
Blade-end fragment from a Bronze Age axehead of uncertain type and date. The axe is represented by the end of the blade only and no evidence survives on the broken section for the bottom of a socket. The blade edge and the blade tips have also been lost. The sides of the axe are diverging, possibly resulting in a recurved blade edge. The faces are slightly convex, resulting in an oval section. The axe would have been comparatively slender, probably suggesting the fragment was from a palstave or socketed axe.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,28.8,,,10.1,19.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Katrina Deering,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Nevern,,,,,NMGW-7E53B5,,DSCN2367.JPG,Axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kdeering/DSCN2367.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/48145.jpg
85353,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-950,-750,"Two co-joining blade fragments from a sword of Bronze Age date. None of the diagnostic features are present on the blade fragments, but the sword is likely to be a Ewart Park type sword of the Ewart Park metalworking tradition, c. 950 - 750BC. The sword blade is leaf-shaped and is widest at the centre of the fragment. The combined fragments (c. 300mm) probably represent a little over three quarters of the original blade length and approximately half the original length of the sword. The blade has a low lozenge shaped section, with a rounded mid-section and slightly concave outer section. The blade edges have been lost, but the start of the bevel is discernible in areas. The blade appears to have been bent prior to breaking, as evidenced by visible metal stress on the inside of the bend either side of the fracture. The sword bent by an angle of approximately 25 degrees before breaking. The bending has also resulted in both fragments being curved along their length. The sword was probably bent and broken prior to its deposition. One of the ends (probably the tip end) has deep parallel striations running along the blade on the mid section, which are also likely to have occurred in antiquity. The blade has a dark green patina, with small areas of surface loss. The fragments' length is 170mm hilt end and 132.5mm tip end. Its surviving width closest to the hilt is 26mm and its surviving width closest to tip is 23mm. The fragments' maximum width is 33.5mm. The thickness at the hilt end is 8.5mm and the thickness at the tip end (i.e. the minimum thickness) is 6.8mm. The overall maximum thickness is 8.8mm and the thickness at the break is 8.1mm. The blade fragments weigh 205 grams and 148.2 grams, hilt end and tip end respectively.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,353.2,,,8.8,302.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9979,,51.500882,-3.456477,NMGW-E2D6C3,,DSCN2339.JPG,Probable Ewart Park type Bronze Age sword blade fragments in horizontal front view,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/DSCN2339.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/48585.jpg
85370,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Large complete pegged spearhead of Late Bronze age date of Blackmoor or Ewart Park metalwork tradition, corresponding with the end of Needham's (1996) Period 6 to Period 7 and dated to c. 1000 - 750BC. The socket is gently convex below the blade, giving it the impression of bowing-out. The base of the socket is circular to the position of the circular peg holes (6mm diameter), positioned 40mm from the end. Above the peg holes, side and face ridges develop, giving the socket a sub-square profile. The side ridges run into the beginning of the blade and the face ridges develop into a pointed midrib, which continues to the tip. The blade is flame-shaped and comparatively slender. The blade is solid and the faces are very gently concave. The blade edge is stepped and survives along most of the length. The spearhead is in very good condition with crisp features. The casting seams have been removed and are not visible. The spearhead measures 287mm in length. The maximum external diameter of the socket base is 29.1-30.0mm. The maximum blade width is 52.0mm. The spearhead weighs 337.2 grams.","This spearhead can be classed as Davis' (2015) Type 11A Generic, Flame-shaped. Group 11 spearheads have a broad chronology, beginning in the Penard metalworking phase of the later Middle Bronze Age (1275-1120 BC), but continuing to the end of the Late Bronze Age. Their main currency was in the Blackmoor-Ewart Park phases though (c.1000-800 BC) (Needham et al. 1997).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,337.2,,30,,287,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,,,,,,,,,NMGW-E37433,,Dscn2347.jpg,Late Bronze age pegged spearhead of Blackmoor or Ewart park type in vertical side view,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/Dscn2347.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/48622.jpg
85512,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,2000,800,"This fragment of an artefact appears to be the tip of a chisel, gouge or similar tool. It is copper-alloy and measures 21 mm wide at what remains of the blade tip, and 9 mm in length. It is difficult to gauge the original length of the blade tip as it is broken at one side, and it is also broken along its length. The fragment is 4 mm thick at its thickest, tapering to 0.5 mm at the tip. It is possible that this object represents the remains of a Bronze Age tool, but not enough of it remains to date it with any certainty based on a stylistic argument.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,2.3,,,4,9,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Harpole,SP6859,From a paper map,52.225016,-1.005913,NARC-F93553,,NARC-F93553chiseltipobv.jpg,Possible Bronze Age tool tip,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-F93553chiseltipobv.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/48709.jpg
86258,Adze,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"Cast copper alloy adze, of middle to late Bronze Age date.","Not seen by FLO, identified from image only.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-20T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,20,65,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Sevenoaks,Knockholt,,,,,KENT-A74F63,,Knockholt Adze1.JPG,KENT-A74F63.  Copper alloy adze.,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/Knockholt Adze1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/50700.jpg
86366,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Copper alloy flat dagger blade.  The blade, which has an even green patina, is slightly damaged around most of its edge, and of two original rivet holes for the attachment of the handle, only one is partially present.  There are a series of incised overlapping circles on either side mid-way between the rivet holes.  This dagger dates to the Early Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,20.12,,,2,76.03,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Sevenoaks,Swanley,TQ5269,From a paper map,51.399673,0.18367,KENT-E34693,,KENT-E34693recon.jpg,KENT-E34693.  Reconstruction of Early Bronze Age dagger.  Drawn by D. Andrews.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/KENT-E34693recon.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/64566.jpg
86585,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-700,"Bronze Age tanged and collared chisel fragment, likely to be of Late Bronze Age date. The chisel is represented by the blade, collar, and the beginning of the tang and has a surviving length of 44.7mm. The tang has broken just above the collar, which survives as a low transverse ridge on each face and is more projecting on the sides. The collar has a surviving width of 8.7mm, but is very worn. The thickness at this point is 6.2mm. The blade is crinoline in plan with a gently curved cutting edge of 16.6mm width. Much of the original surface has been lost and the chisel is eroded.","Tanged and collared chisels typically date from the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (Llyn Fawr period). An example dating to the Wilburton/Wallington phase is known from Doncaster, Yorkshire (Burgess 1968, 19, fig 7,2; Burgess, Coombs and Davies, 1972, 217), though the main currency is during the Ewart Park phase (c.900-700 BC) into the subsequent Llyn Fawr period (c.700-600 BC).



The crinoline shape of the blade is quite unusual and reminiscent of some Middle Bronze Age palstave forms, though is less well-known from later contexts. Additionally, later collars are typically more prominent. This may suggest this is an earlier form of tanged and collared chisel.



Tanged and collared chisels have a broad distribution across northern France, Britain and Ireland (see Coffyn et al. 1981, 202-203, Carte 7), though there are relatively few examples from western England and Wales. A very similar example with a thick collar and triangular blade can be seen in the large Ewart Park phase Nottingham Hill hoard, Gloucestershire (Gingell 1974, 308, fig 4,22), as well as a single find from Leigh Woods, Bristol (MacGregor 1987, 109, 11.65). Another example was found at Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No 288.3) associated with a socketed gouge and a fragmentary Hallstatt 'C' sword.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.5,,,,44.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Katrina Deering,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,,,,,,NMGW-23BFF1,,DSCN2534.JPG,View of chisel ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kdeering/DSCN2534.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/50352.jpg
86677,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed spearhead tip with evidence of a long slender leaf shaped blade (length: 46.8mm; width: 15.2mm; thickness: 7.6mm; weight: 10.53g), dating to the Bronze Age between 2200-c.900 BC. There is a highly pronounced rib running up the centre of the fragment on either side illustration the continuation of the socket, forming a central square-sectioned profile with the wings to either side as well. The overall condition of the artefact is worn, corroded, and in a poor condition. Very little of the original patina remains, which is dark green in colour. The end of the tip is very narrow and pointed. The irregular break at is an old one.



Two similar examples displaying the slender blade are illustrated in Watson's 'Catalogue of british and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums', 1993, BAR British Series 233, page 21, ref nos 245-6, found in Spain (no exact provenance) and page 25, ref no 324, found in Neuchatel, Switzerland.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-03T00:00:00Z,2004-11-03T00:00:00Z,,,10.53,,,7.6,46.8,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Shropshire,Telford and Wrekin,,,,,,WMID-37F438,,WMID-37F438.jpg,"An incomplete cast copper alloy spearhead tip, dating to the Bronze Age.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-37F438.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/50422.jpg
86860,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2000,1499,Copper alloy casting waste.  The objects shape is very irregular and the surface has a melted appearence.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,8,20,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Newton and Haceby,TF0637,From a paper map,52.919968,-0.424865,LIN-78C4F1,,LIN2217.JPG,Bronze dross,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2217.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/49926.jpg
86970,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1950,-1750,"Bronze developed flat axe (or flanged axe), probably of Type Glenalla (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981) or Class 4 (following Needham 1983; forthcoming) and dating to the Early Bronze Age, Period 3 (1950-1750 BC) (Needham 1996).



The axehead is a small example with a length of 77.8mm, and is also comparatively slender with a width at the bevel of 19.9mm. The butt is rounded and the sides are near-parallel (with a width at the butt of 18.2mm) as far as the bevel. After the bevel, the sides curve very gently outwards as far as the blade, where the sides turn out sharply to the blade tips, producing an expanded cutting edge with a surviving width of 39.0mm. The edges of the faces are raised slightly (1mm), but have been eroded and the sides are convex across their thickness. The faces are flat either side of the bevel, which is positioned 34mm from the butt. The blade begins 17mm from the edge. The surface of the axe has been largely lost, in addition to the cutting edge and one of the blade tips.","Class 4 axes straddle the boundary between Periods 2 and 3, but this axe can be confidently assigned to Period 3, probably falling within the late Aylesford to Willerby metalworking phases (c.1950-1750 BC) (Needham et al. 1997). At the time of writing (Aug 17) 27 Class 4 axes dating to this period are currently known from across Wales, the vast majority being single finds.



A Class 4E axe was found at Breach Farm, Vale of Glamorgan and is now in AC-NMW collections (Savory 1980, No 388.1); it has recently been radiocarbon dated, producing an early date of 1900 -1800 BC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,88.5,,,11.3,77.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Katrina Deering,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Hannington,,,,,NMGW-8D6411,,DSCN2489.JPG,Blade end,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kdeering/DSCN2489.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/50725.jpg
87088,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,"The tip of a spear, or possibly a rapier. The edges are very eroded and the object may originally have been about one third wider.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,5.73,,,,33,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,,TQ2449,From a paper map,51.226731,-0.225557,SUR-A27191,,04.505.jpg,04/505 Spear tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.505.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/49505.jpg
87200,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2000,1699,"Fragment of an unidentified object.  The object is triangular in plan, solid cast, and roughly rectangular in cross-section.  The object tapers to a worn but intact point.  The objects surface is extremely abraded and has a very rough break.  The object has an almost 'spear-tip' appearence, however the size, density and terminal of the object would seem to suggest another function.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,11,56,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Beesby with Saleby,TF4578,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.279154,0.173296,LIN-B6F853,,LIN2267B.JPG,Unidentified object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2267B.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/50269.jpg
87231,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"An incomplete fragment of a cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead (length: 60.3mm; width: 25mm; thickness: 9mm; weight: 21.71g). The artefact seems to have broken off have way down the blade, and a side section illustrates the blade wings to be slightly unlevel either side and the hollow socket visible. The mid rib continues down to the tip of the blade. The spearhead is worn and in a poor condition with greater corrosion along the cutting edge, with some bronze disase in areas.



A similar example is illustrated in Watson's 'Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums', 1993, page 25, ref no 324, which is described as a 'pegged socketed spearhead with long slender leaf shaped blade; central rib down both faces formed by continuation of socket. Blow holes in rib and near top of socket'. The find was found at Lake Neuchatel.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-10T00:00:00Z,2005-01-10T00:00:00Z,,,21.71,,,9,60.3,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Staffordshire Moorlands,Ilam,SK1351,From finder,53.056098,-1.807495,WMID-B851A8,,WMID-B851A8.jpg,An incomplete fragment of a cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead tip.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-B851A8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/50980.jpg
87508,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"The object is an incomplete cast copper alloy side looped and socketed spearhead of probable Middle Bronze Age date (1500 - 1150 BC). 


  
  The spearhead is an elongated sub-triangular shape in plan and the blade in section is a sub lozenge shape. The socket in section is a sub-circle. The upper most tip of the blade has broken off, and is missing. The break is not a recent break. In profile this portion of the blade is bent slightly due to damage. The edges of the blade are convex tapering towards the tip. 


  
  The socket of the spear head tapers slightly towards the blade. The lower edge of the socket is torn and is not the original edge. On either side of the socket, integral to the surface there are incomplete side loops. The internal diameter of the socket is 13.5mm, but this is not the lower edge. 


  
  The spearhead is a patchy mid-brown green coloured patina. In length it is 150.4mm long, 20.2mm wide across the loops and 16.5mm thick across the socket. It weighs 59.98g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,,58.98,,,16.5,150.4,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP2940,GPS (from the finder),52.057628,-1.578452,WAW-20C5F1,,WAW-20C5F1.jpg,Single view of a Bronze Age spear head.,Candy Stevens,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-20C5F1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/51268.jpg
87517,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,A short length of a Bronze Age sword blade. Both sides have a prominent groove along the edges of the rounded central rib. Both blade edges are very eroded.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,23.53,,,,34,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2050,From a paper map,51.236573,-0.28248,SUR-218DD5,,04.521.jpg,Sword fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.521.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/49551.jpg
87520,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-700,A shapeless lump of casting debris. The object has a dull copper colour with rough green surfaces.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,45.16,,,13,37,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2050,From a paper map,51.236573,-0.28248,SUR-21D003,,04.523.jpg,Casting debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.523.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/49553.jpg
87525,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-700,A large fragment of a cast 'plano-convex' circular 'cake' or ingot of copper alloy.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,287,,,,55,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,Reigate Central,TQ2449,From a paper map,51.226731,-0.225557,SUR-220FB1,,04.526.jpg,Bronze 'ingot',Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.526.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/49556.jpg
87597,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-700,A fragment of a plano-convex ingot or 'cake'.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,282,,,18,63,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,Reigate Central,TQ2448,From a paper map,51.217743,-0.225903,SUR-33D526,,04.530.jpg,Bronze 'ingot',Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.530.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/49564.jpg
87616,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-700,A casting 'jet'; this is debris from the casting of a metal object. The single feeder jet itself is circular in section and merges into a conical head which represents the well or reservoir at the upper part of the mould. There are carbon deposits on all surfaces.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,,23.4,,,,30,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,East Sussex,Lewes,Lewes,TQ3909,GPS (from the finder),50.863807,-0.02621,SUR-352C66,,04.535.jpg,Casting debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.535.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/49576.jpg
88358,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1725,-1500,"Incomplete copper alloy low-flanged axe of Early Bronze Age date. The axe belongs to Type Arreton (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981) or Class 5 (following Needham 1983; forthcoming). It can be dated to the Arreton metalworking phase (1725-1500 cal. BC), falling within the later half of Period 4 (Needham 1996; Needham et al. 1997).



The axe is incomplete, missing the butt and one of the blade tips. The axe has a surviving length of 73.5mm and would have had an approximate length of 110mm when complete. The sides are straight and near parallel, with a width at the septum of 28.2mm. The flanges and sides are gently rounded and convex, with a maximum height of 15.6mm. The sides have hammered decoration of diagonal markings. The sides curve out sharply just above the blade to produce a widely expanded crescentic cutting edge. The blade face is slightly convex, while the face is slightly dished. There is a straight median bevel and the axe has a thickness at the bevel of 12.2mm. Both faces have a number of small hammer marks of c. 2mm diameter. Sharpening striations running along the cutting edge are evident on both faces. The axe has a deep brown green patina which has flaked off in areas. The axe fragment weighs 165.9g.","Class 5/Arreton axes are widely spread across southern England and have a broad distribution in Wales, with 25 currently known from hoards, burials and as single finds. The Penllyn axe falls within Needham's Class 5E group, defined by a broad body and flanges over 1.5mm high. Another Class 5E axe is known from Llanarmon Dyfrryn Ceiriog, Wrexham, and currently held in the AC-NMW collections (Savory 1980, No.118), though this example lacks any decoration on the flanges. A Class 5A axe with similarly decorated flanges was found in the Menai Bridge hoard, Anglesey (Savory 1980, No.259).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,165.9,,,15.6,73.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9877,,51.482725,-3.4703,NMGW-EF3604,,DSCN2904.JPG,"Early Bronze Age incomplete Developed flat axe, probably Brandon type, metalwork stage V, Needham's Period 3, c. 2000-1700BC, topside view.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/DSCN2904.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/52312.jpg
88721,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
Part of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe, with the remains of a ceramic core inside.
",See DEV-D908B5,4,Copper alloy,Ceramic,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,110,,,16.5,38,1,Nicola Powell,Nicola Powell,South West,Devon,North Devon,Barnstaple,SS5732,From a paper map,51.069467,-4.042376,DEV-495644,,,,,,,
88745,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"The object is probably a portion of casting waste from a Bronze Age object. It appears to be a casting jet made from cast copper alloy. Watson illustrates similar casting jets (No. 19 for example) which are dated to the Bronze Age. 


 
 The object is an irregular inverted conical shape, with a sub-oval shaped platform. Protruding from the tip of the conical is a single runner which is sub-rectangular in profile and an elongated sub-oval shape in plan.  


 
 The casting jet has a pitted brown coloured patina, which has bronze disease in patches. It weighs 14.75g and measures 18.6mm long, 22.7mm wide and 19.3mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-10-02T23:00:00Z,,,,14.75,,,19.3,18.6,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP2940,GPS (from the finder),52.057628,-1.578452,WAW-58EA04,,WAW-58EA04.jpg,Three views of probable Bronze age casting waste / casting jet.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-58EA04.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/52856.jpg
88747,Armlet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Cast copper alloy penannular ring, probably an armlet or torc.  For most of its length it has a rounded cross-section with a maximum diameter of about 9mm.  It narrows towards each terminal, before expanding slightly into terminals with a squarish cross-section about 6-7mm across.  It is bent slightly out of shape.  This object is possibly of Bronze Age date, but its lack of diagnostic features makes this uncertain.",Recovered from 'scrap box' five years after discovery.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,80.5,,,9,111.76,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Thanet,,,,,,KENT-58F468,,KENT-58F468.jpg,KENT-58F468.  Copper alloy penannular armlet.  Drawn by D. Andrews.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/KENT-58F468.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/64563.jpg
88779,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Fragment of cast copper alloy Bronze Age socketed spear. This fragment represents the very tip of the spearhead. It is triangular in plan and lenticular in section. The spear tip has a median rib, which would have continued down the body of the spearhead. The fragment is solid, except for a short, circular hollow shaft in the broad end of the tip, which represents the very end of the hollow socket. This has an internal diameter of 7.34mm. The object has received damage along one edge, which runs onto the rib and it is also split up the rib either side. Edges are worn suggesting this damage occurred in antiquity. Aside from this damage the original surface of this object survives well with a mid brown patina. Damaged portions show light green corrosion product. The fragment is 45.46mm long, 17mm at the widest point, 10.14mm thick at the rib and weighs 10.14g. Unfortunately with so much of the spear missing, it is impossible to tell which phase of the Bronze Age it belongs to.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.14,,,10.14,45.46,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Suffolk,St. Edmundsbury,Little Thurlow,,,,,ESS-5ACF47,,DSCN2311.JPG,Tip from a Bronze Age spearhead,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/DSCN2311.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/52857.jpg
89270,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1250,-1100,"Fragment of Middle Bronze Age Transitional Palstave axehead, broken across the main body of the axe (ancient break) and also across one corner of the cutting edge (more recent break). It is probably of Type Roundhay, mid-ribbed variant : the cutting edge has been moderately expanded and at the ancient break the body is narrow (20mm wide). The mid-rib is 5mm wide at the break and continues over 40mm at the same width on both faces.
The fragment is 61mm in length and the surviving cutting edge is 38mm wide. Its estimated original cutting edge width is 43mm. At the ancient break, the cross section is rectangular and measures 20x15mm. It is a clean, and therefore probably purposeful, break.
One face is extremely pitted and ever so slightly concaved in section, so it appears bent. The pitting may therefore have been caused by repeated hammer blows. On the opposite face is a deep roughly horizontal cut.
No original patina survives and the edge is worn. The fragment weighs 108.19g.
Transitional palstaves date to the Penard phase, at the end of the Middle Bronze Age, c.-1250 to -1100 BC. Transitional palstaves had a single side loop.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-24T00:00:00Z,,,,108.19,,,15,61,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Trowbridge,ST8557,Centred on parish,51.31191245,-2.21659303,WILT-B13034,,Palstave.jpg,Fragment of Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/53405.jpg
89381,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,1200,"A tip fragment of a cast copper-alloy Middle Bronze Age rapier. The blade is lozenge-shaped in cross-section and has a slight rib running down the centre of both sides. The rapier belongs to C. Burgess' Group II, lozenge blade section (1968, 3). The blade is slightly curved and bends upwards at the broken end. The blade has had some plough damage and the edges of the blade are worn and feathered in parts. The tip of the blade has a patch of brown patina on both sides, but most of the blade is a bright green colour. The surviving length 113.3mm, the widest part is 22.6mm, the thickness is 4.3mm and the weight is 28.34g.



Group II rapiers come from the first phrase of the Middle Bronze Age, known as the Pickering Phrase c.1400-1200 (Burgess, 1968, 3).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,2005-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,28.34,,,4.3,113.3,1,Lisa Staves,Lisa Staves,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Bigby,TA0508,From a paper map,53.55812828,-0.41635599,NLM-C4F817,,NLM08793.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lstaves/NLM08793.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/53658.jpg
89517,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy side-looped spearhead, dating to the Taunton (Cenmaes) - Penard metalworking phases (c.1400-1100BC) (Needham et al. 1997), corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150BC).



The spearhead is corroded and incomplete, missing most of the blade and some of the socket on one face. The spearhead has a surviving height of 82.6mm and a maximum external diameter at the mouth of 18mm. The sides of the socket converge comparatively sharply towards the beginning of the blade. The socket continues along the blade to form a prominent rounded midrib. The sides of the socket are slightly pronounced and have the suggestion of side or socket loop stubs approximately 11mm apart. Much of the socket on one face is missing; some of this may be the result of miscasting (where the core has been incorrectly aligned), rather than later damage. The socket has a surviving depth of 63mm. The remnants of the blade are evident on both sides, but little of the blade survives. The spearhead weighs 25.6g (after cleaning).","This spearhead has been published by Davis (2012, No.646) and classed within his Group 6 Developed side-looped, though due to this objects incompleteness it could not be assigned a sub-type. Davis (2012) notes almost 500 Group 6 spearheads from across Britain dating to the Middle Bronze Age, which have a broad distribution. Davis' spearhead sub-types 6A, 6B and 6C are particularly prevalent across Wales, all of which have 'flame-shaped' blades, which might strengthen the idea that this spearhead originally had a flame-shaped blade, rather than a leaf-shaped blade. The spearhead is likely to have been quite short and can be paralleled with a number of similar examples in National Museum & Galleries of Wales' collections (Savory 1980, Nos. 227-230).



A side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has recently been dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating. However, overall Davis (2012, 108-110) places this group within the Taunton-Penard metalworking phases.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,25.6,,18,,82.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,Llanwrda,SN7134,From finder,51.989427,-3.880075,NMGW-D9BCD0,,DSCN3029.JPG,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age socketed Spearhead, probably c. 1,500-1,150BC, edge view.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/DSCN3029.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/54574.jpg
89943,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy side-looped spearhead, dating to the Taunton (Cenmaes) - Penard metalworking phases (c.1400-1100BC) (Needham et al. 1997), corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150BC).



The spearhead is complete and is a relatively long and slender example of the type, with a length of 163mm and maximum width across the blade of 26.3mm. The spearhead weighs 74.0g. The circular socket end has an external diameter at the mouth of 17.8mm. The end of the socket is decorated with three horizontal grooves around the circumference. The sides of the socket converge towards the blade. Midway between the blade and the end of the socket are attachment loops with oval tops (external dimensions 15 x 5mm). The socket becomes increasingly lozenge sectioned as it approaches the blade. The flame shaped blade is slender and is comparatively slight with a consistent thickness of 1mm and without a bevelled blade edge. The blade has a number of possibly decorative grooves running alongside the midrib. The blade edge is straight and comparatively long (90mm) and has a number of nicks and distortions; this damage is likely to have occurred in antiquity (M. Davis pers comm.). The lozenge sectioned socket develops into pointed and prominent midribs along the blade. A number of small casting flaws are evident on the blade. The surface of the spearhead has survived well and has a mid brown patina. Northover (unpublished) sees socket looped spearheads as a largely Irish type. The type has been known to occur through late Acton Park to Pennard but concentrated in the Cemmaes industry. The mouth decoration, thin and slender blade and pointed midrib on this example are a little unusual. The mouth decoration can be paralleled on a side-looped spearhead from Hod Hill (Pearce 1983, No. 443) and the slender form can be paralleled in examples recorded by Ehrenberg (1977, nos. 25, 26, 28, 140, 143).","This spearhead has been published by Davis (2012, No.290) and classed within his Type 6B Developed side-looped (Flame, flat blade, lozenge plates). Davis (2012, 76f.) lists 83 of this type of spearhead from Britain, with a concentration around the Thames Valley and a spread across Central England and Wales. Other Type 6B spearheads are recorded from Llwchwr, Swansea (NMGW-060FE0), Trefeglwys, Powys (Davis 2012, No.330) and Newton Beach, Bridgend (Davis 2012, No.336). A Group 6 side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has been dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating. However, overall Davis (2012, 108-110) places this group within the Taunton-Penard metalworking phases.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,74,,,,163,1,Mark Lodwick,Katrina Deering,Wales,Isle of Anglesey,Isle of Anglesey,Beaumaris,,,,,NMGW-060FE0,,DSCN3021.JPG,Side view of Bronze Age Spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kdeering/DSCN3021.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/54184.jpg
90063,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2200,43,"An incomplete cast copper alloy unidentified artefact, possibly of prehistoric date (length: 39.2mm; width: 14.8mm; thickness: 8.6mm; weight: 8.74g).  At one end, this artefact splays outwards into a rounded but flat terminal, with a narrow neck and protruding collar below.  Beneath the collar, the other end is sub-circular in section, but becomes narrow to an incomplete point.  This artefact is very worn and in poor condition with a dark green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-03T00:00:00Z,,,,8.74,,,8.6,39.2,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Staffordshire Moorlands,Ilam,SK1351,From finder,53.056098,-1.807495,WMID-18C2F1,,WMID-18C2F1.jpg,"An incomplete cast copper alloy unidentified artefact, possibly of prehistoric date.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-18C2F1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/54415.jpg
90071,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,1200,"A cast looped palstave of Late Middle Bronze Age with a relatively flat blade.  Length 128.1mm, maximum width (at blade end) 42.4mm, maximum thickness (at stop ridge) 31.0mm, weight 323g. The palstave has a square butt with deep pocket. The edges of the flanges are abraded. Decoration on both sides of the blade beneath the curving stop ridge appears to be in the form of a shield combined with a central rib to form a “trident” pattern. Small areas of a patina survive overall. However, the implement is suffering from the effects of bronze disease and is in poor condition.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,323,,,31,128.1,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Wellingborough,Easton Maudit,SP8957,From finder,52.204052,-0.699078,NARC-19ABA0,,NARC-19ABA0palstaveprofile.JPG,"Bronze age palstave, profile",Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/NARC-19ABA0palstaveprofile.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/54448.jpg
90433,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Blade end fragment from a Late Bronze Age Socketed axe, c. 1150-800BC of likely Wilburton-Ewart Park metalworking traditions, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 6 - 7. While socketed axeheads can date from anytime within the Late Bronze Age, most diagnostic finds tend to date to the Ewart Park phase (950-750BC). The axe head is represented by the blade only and has a maximum surviving length of 35.8mm. The bottom of the socket is present and has been deliberately closed by battering; this damage is also likely to have contributed to the break. Both faces are concave as a result of the damage, the bronze has torn on one face and deep battering scars are evident on the other face. The surviving portion of the side is straight with angles converging to the neatly finished casting seam (giving the axe a hexagonal body profile). The blade is expanded at the tips, producing a surviving blade width of 51.8mm. The Blade edge is curved and has also been damaged and blunted. Most of the surface has been lost, although a small area near the blade has the suggestion of sharpening striations running along the blade. The original surface has a dark green patina, while underlying exposed surface is pale green. The axe fragment weighs 67.6g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,67.6,,,,35.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Katrina Deering,,,,,,,,,NMGW-85E871,,DSCN3124.JPG,Blade end fragment from a Late Bronze Age Socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kdeering/DSCN3124.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/54868.jpg
90532,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2500,43,"A prehistoric cast copper-alloy awl.  The main shaft of the awl is circular in section and tapers to a point.  At its widest point the object is 6.4mm in diameter.  At the end opposite the above point is a tang, sub-rectangular in section, which itself tapers.  The object has suffered quite a degree of corrosion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,5.9,,6.4,,51.2,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Brockhall,SP6362,From finder,52.252577,-1.078543,NARC-9953C8,,NARC-9953C8awl.JPG,Prehistoric awl,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/NARC-9953C8awl.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/54947.jpg
90558,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,2200,900,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy socketed spearhead tip with evidence of a long slender leaf-shaped blade (length: 41.8mm; width: 15.6mm; thickness: 7.7mm; weight: 8.9g), dating to the Bronze Age between c.2200 and c.900 BC. It is triangular in plan. There is a highly pronounced median rib, which would have continued down the body of the spearhead, forming a central lozenge-sectioned profile with the wings to either side. The end of the tip is very narrow but has been blunted. The overall condition of the artefact is worn, corroded, and in a poor condition. Very little of the original patina remains. The irregular break at is an old one.  Unfortunately with so much of the spear missing, it is impossible to tell the phase of the Bronze Age to which it belongs.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,8.9,,,7.7,41.8,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Welton,SP5967,From finder,52.297966,-1.136258,NARC-99FB34,,NARC-99FB34speartip.JPG,Bronze Age spear tip,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/NARC-99FB34speartip.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/54969.jpg
90576,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1200,43,"A cast copper-alloy knife-shaped object.  This small artefact tapers to a point which is now missing following an old break.  At the attachment end there are traces of rivet holes which have become abraded.  The holes on the edges echo those of a Bronze Age sword hilt fragment as illustrated in Needham (1990, 50; fig. 65).  The form of the object, however, seems to echo that of a Bronze Age knife as illustrated, for example, in Mills (2000, 19; fig. BR9).  There is bevelling on both faces of the object creating a shallow, almost indiscernible, mid-ridge.  The small artefact is possibly late Bronze Age given the date of the parallel cited from Mills (2000), and was arguably a votive object.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,3.8,,,2.2,38.4,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Brockhall,SP6262,From finder,52.252691,-1.09319,NARC-9B13C1,,NARC-9B13C1kniferev.JPG,"Possible votive Bronze Age knife/sword, reverse",Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/NARC-9B13C1kniferev.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/55031.jpg
90848,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-700,A fragment from the blade of a sword. In side view there is a slight curve.,The object is very abraded with no original surface surviving.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,22.1,,,,48,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,,TQ3457,From finder,51.296367,-0.079434,SUR-EE25E3,,04.602.jpg,Bronze Age sword fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.602.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/50157.jpg
90996,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-700,A lump of copper 'cake'. Sub-triangular in section. Dull purply-grey with patchy green surfaces.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,176,,,25,55,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,,TQ2854,From a paper map,51.270785,-0.166517,SUR-041D11,,04.620.jpg,04/620 Bronze Age ingot,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/04.620.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/56184.jpg
91189,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-750,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed gouge.



The socketed gouge dates to the Late Bronze Age, c. 1100-750BC and dates to the Wilburton-Ewart Park metalworking phases (Needham et al. 1997), corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period's 6-7. The gouge is comparatively short, with an overall length of 55.6mm. The socket is oval with an external width (across the blade) of 21.3mm and an external height of 19.7mm (internal: 17.7 x 16.6mm). The mouth of the gouge is plain, and 2.4mm beneath the mouth is a square collar moulding, with a width of 2mm. The sides of the gouge are slightly concave and expand at the blade tips, giving a width at the blade of 18.6mm. The casting flashes are visible on both sides and have minimal finishing. On one side, the flashes have been hammered for most of the length but are high and sharp near the collar. On the other side the flashes may have not been finished and are deep and wide. The blade edge largely survives and is convex. Sharpening striations are evident on the blade and run both along the blade and perpendicular to it. The surface of the gouge survives well with a dark brown patina. The under-face has an unusual linear effect, possibly the result of a mineralised organic. The gouge weighs 40.1g. The finder responsibly did not clean out the socket of the gouge. Excavation of the socket revealed remnants of the wooden handle preserved. The wood has been retained at NMGW.","Socketed gouges have been found associated with metalwork assemblages of Wilburton (eg. Guilsfield, Savory, 1980, No. 268) through Ewart Park (eg Penwyllt, Savory 1980, No 284) and Llyn Fawr (Savory 1980, No 291). Savory (ibid., p 55) suggests that the earliest examples have multiple mouth mouldings, while later examples have a plain or broad, flat collar. It is difficult to suggest a date for this example with a prominent single, slender moulding. Potential radiocarbon dating of the wood recovered from the socket could be useful in resolving this problem. The gouge can be paralleled with a larger and unprovenanced example in the Macalpine collection (Antiquities from Europe and the Near East, No. 11.61).



David Coombs (1971, 251ff.; 2001, 288) presented a four category typology based on the shape and style of socketed gouges in south east England. This gouge might be most accurately placed within his Class III, which is characterised by its small, squat form and limited mouth mouldings, though typically this Class has a wider cutting edge.",3,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,40.1,,,,55.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Katrina Deering,Wales,Isle of Anglesey,Isle of Anglesey,Llaneugrad,SH4783,,53.321749,-4.298508,NMGW-283DE4,,DSCN3377.JPG,Bronze Age socketed gouge,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/DSCN3377.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/626259.jpg
91843,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"The object is possibly a cast copper alloy rapier or dirk, dating to the Bronze Age. 


 
 Only a fragment of the blade and hilt remain. In plan it is an inverted sub triangle. The sides are straight, tapering to a broken edge. The upper corners of the sides form a ‘)’ and ‘(‘ shape as it is broken across two rivet holes. The patina remains on the curvature of the rivet holes. Above the rivet holes the object is again broken. It is difficult to determine when the breaks occurred as almost all of the patina is missing on the fragment, except for a small patch on the hilt and rivet holes. The patina is a heavy mid brown colour.  


 
 The condition of the object is poor, it is only a fragment, and the surface is corroded. It measures 48.3mm long and 26.6mm wide. It weighs 15.28g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,15.28,,,,48.3,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wyre Forest,Chaddesley Corbett,SO8774,From a paper map,52.363897,-2.192335,WAW-BD9747,,WAW-BD9747.jpg,Two views of a Bronze Age rapier or dirk.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-BD9747.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/56052.jpg
91891,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,Fragment of the blade of a Middle Bronze Age rapier. The fragment is a pointed oval in cross section and the edges are worn. The patina is black with a pitted surface.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-02-15T00:00:00Z,,,,18.3,,,4.58,42.8,1,Jodi Puls,Jodi Puls,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Crondall,SU7848,From a paper map,51.225872,-0.884375,HAMP-BE6097,,Hamp BE6097.tif,BE6097,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmccrohan/Hamp BE6097.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/85185.jpg
91924,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe head. Part of the corner of the body survives and one remaining side has a cast rib.,,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-02-15T00:00:00Z,,,,7.52,,,1.67,22.6,1,Jodi Puls,Jodi Puls,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Crondall,SU7848,From a paper map,51.225872,-0.884375,HAMP-BF3071,,Hamp BF3071.tif,BF3071,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmccrohan/Hamp BF3071.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/85216.jpg
92066,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A complete copper-alloy Bronze Age awl. The awl is lozengiform in section. One end of the awl tapers to a rounded flat terminal with a width of 3.4mm. The other end tapers to a pointed terminal. The length of the awl is 46.1mm, the width in the centre is 4.41mm and the weight is 3.41g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,3.41,,,,46.1,1,Lisa Staves,Lisa Staves,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,,SK9136,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.913728,-0.648172,NLM-D0C3E7,,NLM08910.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lstaves/NLM08910.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/56168.jpg
92093,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Bronze age Copper Alloy spearhead, 55mm long, 25mm wide and 11mm thick. The objet represents the upper part of a spear head and has a hollow circular core 11mm in diameter. The circular shape continues to the tip which is 5mm in diameter. The object has protruding edges which narrow to a point, giving them a triangular section, which form the blades. The metal is quite corroded and is missing a lot of its surface, the object has snapped off near the tip and the circular void contains traces of a black material.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-21T00:00:00Z,,,,18.78,,,11,55,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Blaby,Kirby Muxloe,SK5004,From a paper map,52.631459,-1.262685,LEIC-D24CC3,,D24CC3.JPG,D24CC3,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/D24CC3.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/56375.jpg
92533,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2000,1699,Irregular piece of copper alloy casting waste.  The surface is bulbous all over.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,24,71,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Folkingham,TF0732,From a paper map,52.87484,-0.411641,LIN-3CF2E3,,LIN2499B.JPG,Casting Waste,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2499B.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/56863.jpg
92545,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2000,1699,"Two lumps of probable copper alloy casting waste.  Both items have irregular and very worn surfaces.

The larger piece measures 33mm in length, 26mm in width and 9mm in thickness.  The piece has an irregular flat base and a slightly concave inner with a raised crescentric lip.  The lip is in the form of a channel, and may have been formed by either pouring into or spilling out of the casting chamber.  The flattish base would support this too.

The smaller piece measures 24mm in length, 14mm in width, and 8mm in thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,1,,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Folkingham,TF0732,From a paper map,52.87484,-0.411641,LIN-3D7764,,LIN2505B.JPG,Casting waste,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2505B.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/56882.jpg
93081,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1700,"Cast copper alloy incomplete flat axe with the beginnings of a stop ridge and flanged sides dating to the Early Bronze Age c.2000-1700 BC. The blade end of the axe is corroded but the angle suggests that it may have had a crescentic blade. Both faces of the axe are decorated with straight lines punched into the axe after casting, about 5mm in length, and about 1mm apart, in what is referred to as a 'rain pattern'. The axe is 113mm long, 52mm wide at the blade end, 23mm wide at the butt end, 10mm in thickness and weighs 186.03g.

    
    Comparable examples of decorated flat axes from the Southwest can be found in Pearce (1983) from Southleigh in Devon (p.455 & 600, Plate 39 No.297) and from Mount Pleasant in Dorset (p.468 & 609, Plate 48, No.371). But the decoration on this axe covers the whole axe and is more regular and evenly spaced like the example from Preston Down, Weymouth (p.487 & 621, Plate 60, No.480). There is also a similar example in the Royal Institution of Cornwall’s collections from Ladock where there are marks between the flanges, but these are sparse and irregular.

    
    Flat axes decorated with this ‘rain pattern’ and with crescentic blades can be found during the Mile Cross-Aylesford phase (c.2000-1900 BC) of the Early Bronze Age, such as the Class 3 axe illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl& Needham 1998, 124, Fig. 25, No.47). Examples with the continuous rain-pattern are found in the following Willerby-Bush Barrow phase (c.1900-1700 BC), such as the Class 4 axes illustrated in Rohl & Needham (1998, 125, Fig. 26, No.57 & B).",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-08-31T23:00:00Z,2000-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,186.03,,,10,113,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Lesnewth,SX1191,From a paper map,50.687875,-4.67704,CORN-C53643,,Osbornefinds 006.jpg,detail of blade showing rain pattern,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Osbornefinds 006.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/57949.jpg
93090,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Bronze age copper alloy palstave, 145mm long, 57mm wide and weighing 365 grams. The object has a corroded green/brown  surface and is missing part of its blade. The palstave is unlooped and is very simply formed with one straight stop ridge, two thirds of the way along its length and a flared cutting edge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1990-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,365,,,27,145,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Blaby,Leicester Forest East,SK5202,From a paper map,52.613294,-1.233452,LEIC-CF3E12,,CF3E12.JPG,CF3E12  bronze age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/CF3E12.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/57954.jpg
93207,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age spearhead fragment, tip only, with circular midrib (hollow). None of original blade edges remain, and the very tip of the spearhead is damaged. Fine silvery grey patina with fine cracks. Length 52.18mm, width 18.05mm, thickness 8.60mm, weight 15.47g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,15.47,,,8.6,52.18,1,Rachel Atherton,Rachel Atherton,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Bolsover,Whitwell,SK5475,From a paper map,53.26925,-1.191785,DENO-E6F7B8,,E4543 spear tip end 1.jpg,"Bronze Age spear spear tip, section across break.",Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ratherton/E4543 spear tip end 1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/68999.jpg
93227,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-2000,"
Early Bronze Age flat axe, made from a copper-alloy with a very high copper content still. The form and shape of the axe is still very close to the Neolithic silex forerunners. It does not have flanges or a stop-ridge. Overall, it is tear-shaped, with a small butt and a broad blade which is not sharp anymore. The surface is much corroded.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,86,,,7,90,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Fylde,Kirkham,SD4232,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.781081,-2.88168,LANCUM-E816A6,,PrestonMDKirkhamFlataxe1abmerge.jpg,Flat Axe,LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/PrestonMDKirkhamFlataxe1abmerge.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/58287.jpg
94921,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"A cast, copper alloy, flat axehead of the Migdale-Marnoch tradition, dating from the early Bronze Age, 2150-1500BC. The axehead has a thin narrow rounded butt; the body then thickens in the middle and thins again to a splayed blade and cutting edge. There are slightly raised flanges along the sides. The surface of the axehead is quite corroded and pitted; only small patches of the original surface survive. The axehead measures 104.8mm long, 50.8mm wide across the blade and 11.8mm thick. It weighs 203gm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-04-03T23:00:00Z,,,,203,,,11.8,104.8,1,Anna Marshall,Anna Marshall,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,,,,,,SWYOR-B8AC38,,Img2005-04-05_0024objects.JPG,Early Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/amarshall/Img2005-04-05_0024objects.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/60879.jpg
94983,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A copper alloy knife blade dating to the Bronze Age. The blade is leaf shaped, lentoidal in section and is longitudinally faceted. The double cutting edge of the blade is damaged. The blade tapers to a rectangular tang with a circular perforation. The blade has a dark green to black patina with areas of raised copper alloy corrosion. In places, however, the original bronze surface is visible. The blade is 145mm in length. The width of the blade is 34mm and thickness 4mm. The tang has a width of 20mm.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-04-16T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,145,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Driffield,TA0258,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),54.007954,-0.445106,NCL-F3D0E3,,dabadaggerm.jpg,Bronze Age leaf shaped knife blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/dabadaggerm.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/61140.jpg
95115,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Early Bronze Age/Middle Bronze Age fragment of flanged axe or palstave, rectangular-sectioned with straight butt-end and beginning of flange on both sides at break, at least 25 x 40mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,40,1,Steven Ashley,Ellen Bales,Eastern,Norfolk,Great Yarmouth,,TG5200,,52.539494,1.714732,NMS-0795F3,,ENMD Sept 04 20.jpg,Bronze Age axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nbales/ENMD Sept 04 20.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/60718.jpg
95158,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"Copper alloy roll headed pin, dating to the later Bronze age/ early iron age period. The pin has a flattened rolled head, which leds to a shaft which is circular in section and tapers from 4mm - 1.3mm at the tip. The tip of the pin is bent, and areas of the pin are suffering from bronze diseasse.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-05-08T23:00:00Z,,,,18.4,,4,,171,1,Faye Simpson,Faye Simpson,London,Greater London Authority,,,,,,,LON-0AFBE8,,DSCN4971.JPG,Roll headed pin,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fsimpson/DSCN4971.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/71112.jpg
95886,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-800,"Copper-alloy socketed looped axehead of Irish Late Bronze Age Type. Due to the short, stocky body of axes of this type, they is referred to as 'bag-shaped' or 'purse-shaped'.  The axe's exact measurements are:  57mm in length, the blade width is 43mm, the width of the socket is 31-37mm (inner-outer), the breadth of the socket is 22-27mm (inner-outer, back-front) and the axe weighs 78.97g. These measurements show that the mouth of the axe is aligned with the blade and not back-to-front shaped. The blade was re-worked after the casting process and it is still slightly splayed. However, the axe was in use and it was re-sharpened as well; there are indications of parallel re-sharpening marks close to the cutting edge. The axe was thinly cast and possibly the alloy used was probably more tinny than the normal alloy - the mouth has shows a crack which probably happened while it was in use. However, the damage was obviously no reason to discard the axe.


This socketed axe type is called 'Irish' because most of them were found in Ireland - however, a great number were also found in Scotland, Wales and N/W and S/W England. Due to deposition practices of the Late Bronze Age, these axes were found both singly (in rivers or wetlands) and in hoards.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,78.97,,,,57,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Cockerham,SD4652,From a paper map,53.96125,-2.824513,LANCUM-8C75B6,,BaFMTIrishSocketedAxe1c.JPG,Cockerham: Late Bronze Age Socketed Axe,LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/BaFMTIrishSocketedAxe1c.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/62327.jpg
96272,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-100,"Solid copper alloy slightly squashed or oval ?bracelet. It measures 71.5x63mm and weighs 50.18g. It is roughly circular in section varying from 6-7mm in thickness, and where the bracelet appears less than circular there are patches of filing. The internal measurements are 59x49mm.
If a bracelet it is rather small. However it could be a harness link, pulled horizontally out of shape - or perhaps designed this way. It could be Bronze Age or Iron Age in date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Gardening,2005-04-29T23:00:00Z,,,,50.18,,,7,71.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Donhead St. Mary,ST9024,,51.0152888,-2.14392929,WILT-CA5F25,,FFDbracelet.jpg,Copper alloy bracelet,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/FFDbracelet.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/63120.jpg
96381,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Cast bronze penanular bracelet possibly from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, c. 950-750BC. The bracelet is of circular section with a diameter of between 4.9 and 6.1mm. The terminals are expanded and are of circular section with diameters of between 9.0 and 9.8mm. The expanded terminals are central with respect to the hoop. The bracelet is oval with a maximum internal diameter of 60.5mm. The original surface of the bracelet has been lost and the current surface is pitted. The bracelet weighs 39.7g. The bracelet is difficult to date since there are few diagnostic features on the object. Metallurgical analysis using a Scanning Electron Microscope suggested that the bronze composition was consistent with a Late Bronze Age date.","A number of bronze penannular bracelets have been found in Late Bronze Age contexts or found in association with other Bronze Age artefacts. A hoard of similar bracelets were found at Llanrhaiadar-ym-Mochnant, Powys (Savory 1980, No. 257). This bracelet falls within Eogan's (1994, 85) Variety 7, which is defined by a solid body with a round cross-section and outwardly expanding solid terminals. Although defining gold bracelets, Eogan (1994, 85) states that this Variety is more frequenly produced in bronze. Similar penannular bracelets have been found in Scottish hoards: Auctertyre, (Morayshire) Glentanner (Aberdeenshire), Monmore, Killin (Perthshire), Wester Ord, Rosskeen (Ross & Cromarty). All the hoards are associated with Late Bronze Age Socketed axes and all but the Glentanner hoard associated with a faceted socketed axe.



It is also possible that the bracelet may be of Iron Age or Early Medieval date.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,39.7,,60.5,6.1,,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,"Llangennith, Llanmadoc and Cheriton",SS4193,,51.613313,-4.297814,NMGW-1975E5,,Dscn2720.jpg,"Late Bronze Age (Ewart Park) pennanular bracelet, c. 950-750BC, rear view.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/Dscn2720.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/63230.jpg
96857,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Copper alloy socketed axe dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, c. 950-750BC.



The axe is complete and is comparatively small with a length of 72.7mm and a weight of 181.2g, possibly suggesting a lead rich bronze. The mouth has external dimensions of 44.0 x 37.6mm and has the four casting runner stubs visible. The socket has an oval profile at the mouth with internal dimensions of 30 x 26.5mm and is 58.4mm deep. The axe has a single mouth moulding, which tapers to the face. The loop springs from the base of the moulding. The casting flashes are prominent on both sides and appear to have been finished by hammering. The axe body has a more rounded form than is usual for the type with a sub-rectangular section of 37mm width below the loop. Both faces are decorated with three, widely spaced converging weak ribs. The blade is recurved, producing a rounded blade edge with a length of 45.5mm. The axe has a green to brown patina and has recently been coated in a varnish.","This axe possesses a combination of features typically of two well-established axe types. Stylistically this axe shares many properties with Yorkshire-type axes, which are defined by widely-spaced ribs descending from a fairly prominent, slightly everted collar, and often have a small, stumpy appearance with an expanded blade edge (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 223). However, ribs on Yorkshire type axes typically run parallel or slightly diverge; no examples could be found in Schmidt and Burgess's corpus of Yorkshire axes possessing converging ribs. Similarly, the rounded socket is unusual. Furthermore, the four runner casting technology is a feature found solely in the production of South Wales axes. South Wales axes often have prominent casting seams, as seen on the Penllyn axe, and converging ribs, though these are typically not as widely-spaced.



This axe is thus best seen as a hybrid of two axe-making traditions. In form it most closely parallels Yorkshire axes, but it was produced using South Wales production methods and incorporates features of this latter axe type. These axes were in contemporary production in different regions and thus it is not inconceivably that the technologies might permeate into other areas. Yorkshire-type socketed axes have been found alongside South Wales axes in the hoards from Llantilio Crossenny 2, Monmouthshire (NMGW-AFDAE8), Tal y garn 2, Vale of Glamorgan (Gwilt and Lodwick 2003), and Llangwm, Monmouthsire (Lodwick and Gwilt 2001). The hoards from Tal y garn and Llangwm also contain South Wales variants, which combine features seen on other axes, while a Croxton-type axe from the Llantilio Crossenny 1 hoard possesses affinities with the Yorkshire type.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,181.2,,,,72.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9978,,51.491894,-3.45619,NMGW-58AE16,,DSCN2701.JPG,"South Wales or Stogursey type socketed axe from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, c. 950-750BC, view of socket.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/DSCN2701.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/63434.jpg
96903,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2200,1600,"Fragment of unidentified copper alloy object. This object is subrectangular in plan and flat in section. One end is 12.1mm wide and the object expands to 19.2mm wide at the opposite end. Both the broad and narrow ends are curved and though abraded, seem complete. As it expands the plan of the object swells and then wastes slightly before flaring into the broader end. The object has a flange to either edge. When viewed in profile the object is clearly curved. The surface of the object is abraded. The original surface is mid green and exposed areas are light green. The object does not have an immediately recognisable form and could be Bronze Age to post medieval in date. It is 44.96mm long, 3.84mm thick, the flanges are 5.52mm high and the object weighs 19.09g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.09,,,3.84,44.96,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,Sible Hedingham,,,,,ESS-5A5110,,DSCN2980.JPG,"Unidentified copper alloy object, profile view",Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/DSCN2980.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/64327.jpg
96905,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of copper alloy late Bronze Age socketed axehead. The fragment represents a small part of the lower blade and cutting edge. It is sub-square and wedge-shaped in profile. When viewed in plan, the sides of the body are fairly straight with little outward flare. The original cutting edge no longer exists and the blade tips are worn. There is no casting seam. There is a rectangular aperture in the thicker end of the fragment, which represents the very end of the socket. The axe surface is heavily worn. The original surface of the axe survives in patches and has a mid green patina and the subsequently exposed surface is light green. Break edges are irregular and though not fresh are not especially worn, suggesting that damage occurred in the more recent past. The fragment is 24.02mm long, 27.64mm wide from tip to tip, 25mm wide at the break, 8.82mm thick at the broad end and weighs 15.34g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.34,,,8.82,24.02,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,Sible Hedingham,,,,,ESS-5A6810,,DSCN2977.JPG,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe, reverse view",Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/DSCN2977.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/64322.jpg
96910,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe of South Eastern type. This fragment represents one of the side faces of the axe. It is sub-rectangular and is flat but curved in section. One side of the single mouth moulding is intact. Beneath this moulding there is a groove. The fragment also holds the complete side loop, set at 90 degrees to the main body. A casting seam is visible along the fragment but is less clear over the loop. The object is abraded. Patches of original surface survive on the outer face with an orangey brown patina. Exposed surfaces are lighter and bright green. The inner original surface survives in better condition with an even mid green patina. The break edges are worn, suggesting damage occurred in antiquity. The fragment is 37.1mm long, 27.38mm wide, 3.18mm thick and weighs 21.69g. The side loop is 19.76mm long and 10.66mm wide.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.69,,,3.18,37.1,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,Sible Hedingham,,,,,ESS-5A8551,,DSCN2982.JPG,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe, profile view",Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/DSCN2982.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/64324.jpg
96931,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-600,"Copper alloy tanged and collared chisel, probably dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (c.950-750 BC).



The chisel is complete and is 98.3mm long. The tang is of square section and tapers to a curved edge. The base of the tang is defined by a rounded collar moulding, 6.2mm thick and 8.0mm wide. The blade sides diverge in a near straight (slightly concave) to a gently curved cutting edge of 24.3mm width. Some of the original surface survives on the chisel with a mid-green patina. The chisel weighs 18.1g.","Tanged and collared chisels typically date from the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (Llyn Fawr period). An example dating to the Wilburton/Wallington phase is known from Doncaster, Yorkshire (Burgess 1968, 19, fig 7,2; Burgess, Coombs and Davies, 1972, 217), though the main currency is during the Ewart Park phase (c.900-700 BC) into the subsequent Llyn Fawr period (c.700-600 BC).



Tanged and collared chisels have a broad distribution across northern France, Britain and Ireland (see Coffyn et al. 1981, 202-203, Carte 7), though there are relatively few examples from western England and Wales. A very similar example with a thick collar and triangular blade can be seen in the large Ewart Park phase Nottingham Hill hoard, Gloucestershire (Gingell 1974, 308, fig 4,22), as well as a single find from Leigh Woods, Bristol (MacGregor 1987, 109, 11.65). Another example was found at Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No 288.3) associated with a socketed gouge and a fragmentary Hallstatt 'C' sword.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,18.1,,,6.2,98.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Alderton,SO9933,From a paper map,51.995445,-2.015975,NMGW-5AE896,,Dscn2816.jpg,"Bronze Age tanged chisel, probably Late Bronze Age, edge view.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/Dscn2816.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/63467.jpg
96981,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy late Bronze Age socketed axehead dating from 1000-800 BC. Only the lower blade is represented. It is 34.9mm in length, 49.2mm wide and 14.8mm thick at the blade and weighs 64.94g. There are casting flashes on both sides extanding to the blade edge. The cutting edge is slightly expanded. The axe is slightly worn but in a fair condition although parts of the cutting edge are corrosion chipped. The surface is slightly pitted and has a dark brown patina.

In the 'Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections' of the National Museum & Art Gallery, 1980, H. N. Savory states that the socketed axe-head represents a change both in the method of hafting and the method of the production of Bronze Age axes.  The earliest examples of these artefacts in England and Wales appear in the Middle Bronze Age, although most appear in the Late Bronze Age.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-20T00:00:00Z,,,,64.94,,,14.8,34.9,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Gayton,SJ9928,From a paper map,52.8495,-2.016292,WMID-5C9D92,,WMID-5C9D92.jpg,"An incomplete cast fragment of a Bronze Age socketed axehead, probably dating from 1000-800 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-5C9D92.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/64259.jpg
97000,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A cast copper-alloy Late Bronze Age 'bag-shaped' dagger scabbard chape. The object has a rounded end. Because it is abraded at the attachment end it is hard to discern whether or not the 'body' of the chape would have continued up with straight sides. There are six aligned circular perforations near the point of the old break, three on either side. A couple of these chapes are listed in O'Connor (1980, 190-191; ref. 161). They are associated with the 'carp's tongue complex' of south-east England and date to the Ewart Park metalworking phase.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-09-26T23:00:00Z,,,,9.1,,,9.2,29.1,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Norton,SP6063,GPS (from the finder),52.261901,-1.122306,NARC-5DEF37,,NARC-5DEF37chaperev.JPG,Bronze Age 'bag-shaped' scabbard chape (reverse),Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/NARC-5DEF37chaperev.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/64335.jpg
97731,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"The tip from a broken Bronze Age spear. The spear tip is made from cast copper-alloy. It measures 55 mm long and tapers from 22.5 mm to 3.5 mm at the point. The spear is socketed with a circular hole running through it. The spear has a rounded ridge running down the length of the spear, on both the top and bottom, making it circular in profile, with a triangular wing (formed by the edge of the spear) to either side. The spear dates to the late Bronze Age, from around 1200 to 800 BC. Similar artefacts are illustrated in Langmaid (1976, page 53; figure 19).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,19,,,11.4,55,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Blakesley,SP6450,From a paper map,52.144592,-1.066159,NARC-42C445,,NARC-42C445spearrev.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed spear fragment,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-42C445spearrev.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65195.jpg
98278,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1500,"Butt fragment from an axehead of Bronze Age date. The butt fragment is likely to be from a developed flat axe or flanged axe of later Early Bronze Age date, metalworking stage IV, corresponding to Needham's 1996 Period 3, c. 2100 - 1700 BC. It is possible however, that the fragment may be from a small palstave of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 1150BC. The fragment has a surviving length of 27.1mm and a maximum surviving width at the break of 15.9mm. The butt is neatly rounded and has a thickness of 1.3mm. The sides are straight and diverge gently before the break. The sides are rounded and the flanges are marked by facets. The faces are flat except for the low flanges, which have a maximum surviving height of 0.5mm. At the break the fragment has a thickness of 8.2mm across the flanges and 7.3mm across the septum. The fragment weighs 15.8g. The fragment appears to have come from a well cast axe and has been neatly finished. One face has a silvery appearance, possibly because of surface enrichment of tin. The surface is in good condition with dark green to brown patina.","This fragment probably once belonged to a Class 4 or Class 5 axe (following Needham 1983), and dated to the MA V Willerby to MA VI Arreton phases of the Early Bronze Age (c.1750-1500 BC) (Needham et al. 1997). Similar flanged axes from which this piece may have originated can be seen in Savory (1980, Fig.18, Nos. 121, 259), though no further classification can be achieved from this fragment.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,15.8,,,8.2,27.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Malmesbury,,,,,NMGW-81D3E1,,2005.25.1b.jpg,"Butt fragment from a Bronze Age axehead, probably Early or Middle Bronze Age c. 2100-1150BC, rear view.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.25.1b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65470.jpg
98280,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Blade fragment from an axehead of Bronze Age date The axehead is represented by the bottom of the blade and short length of one blade side and has a maximum surviving length of 21.1mm. The fragment has a surviving blade width of 37.2mm and the break is likely to have been near the blade tip. The surviving blade tip is slightly out-turned. The blade edge is curved and no sharpening striations are evident on the blade. The blade appears to have a casting flaw near the break where the blade has a rounded step across its thickness. The break has no evidence of the bottom of a socket. The surviving side is straight before the out-turn at the tip, and is rounded across its thickness with no evidence of the casting flashes surviving. One face has a more pronounced blade facet than the other, 8mm from the blade edge. The face without the blade facet is slightly convex across its width, the other face being flat. The fragment has a maximum surviving thickness at the break of 6.8mm and weighs 19.6g. The surface of axe has a dark green to brown patina. The form of the blade fragment is more likely to suggest a flanged axe or palstave, although a socketed axe is possible.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,19.6,,,6.8,21.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Malmesbury,,,,,NMGW-81F8D8,,2005.25.2c.jpg,"Blade fragment from a Bronze Age axehead, possibly from a flanged axe/palstave or even a socketed axe, profile of blade.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.25.2c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65473.jpg
98283,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Blade fragment from a Bronze Age edged implement, probably of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1500-1000BC. The implement is represented by the top of the blade and the beginning of the handle, but has broken at both ends and has a surviving length of 30.5mm. No rivet holes are evident at the top and much of the peripheries have been lost. The fragment has a maximum width at the end of the blade of 17.5mm. It is possible that the implement has broken across the rivet holes. The handle end thins towards the break. The blade is defined by blade edges either side of a poorly defined and rounded midrib, which diverges at the butt. No sharpening striations are evident on the blade. The fragment has a maximum thickness at the midrib of 2.3mm and weighs 4.8g. The fragment has a dark green to brown patina and has lost small patches of the surface. The slight nature of the fragment may suggest a dirk, small rapier, knife or dagger.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,4.8,,,2.3,30.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Malmesbury,,,,,NMGW-820896,,2005.25.3c.jpg,"Blade fragment from a Bronze Age edged implement, probably Middle Bronze Age c. 1500-1100BC, edge view.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.25.3c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65476.jpg
98285,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"Bronze ring, probably of later Prehistoric date. The ring is irregular and rounded, resembling a bead, with an external diameter of between 16.2 and 16.7mm. The ring has a width of between 7.4 and 8.5mm and the faces are rounded. The perforation has a diameter of 5.2 to 5.8mm and implies the perforation was cast rather than drilled. The ring weighs 9.9g and has a deep and dark green patina. Bronze beads are not common finds; the form can be paralleled in amber beads from the Late Bronze Age and in Iron Age glass beads. Examples of bronze beads have been found on a number of sites, including The Breiddin Hillfort (Musson, 1991, p 138, no. 165) where a bead with raised cast ornament was dated to the 1st century BC. Larger plain examples have been found at Glastonbury (Bulleid & Gray, 1911, 228, pl. xliv, E195).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,9.9,,16.7,,,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Malmesbury,,,,,NMGW-821F74,,2005.25.4a.jpg,"Bronze ring, probably of later Prehistoric date, side view.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.25.4a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65484.jpg
98332,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Droplet of bronze, very probably Bronze Age in date. It weighs 8.39g and roughly measures 35x18x(max)4mm. It is flat on one side and domed on the other.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,8.39,,,4,35,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Latton,SU1195,Centred on parish,51.65368445,-1.84239456,WILT-84C652,,MGAmpneyDebris.jpg,metal working debris,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/MGAmpneyDebris.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65132.jpg
98409,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1100,"Blade fragment from a Bronze Age axe, probably of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1500-1100 BC. The axe is represented by a blade fragment only, and has a surviving length of 32.1mm. The original surface of the axe has been lost, and little surface detail survives. The axe was probably comparatively slender and has a minimum width across the break of 21mm. The break is eroded and round and shows no evidence of a socket base. The sides expand to the blade tips, which are now rounded, giving a blade width of 35.5mm. No evidence for casting flashes survive on the sides. The blade edge is curved. One face is relatively flat, while the other has the suggestion of a blade facet surviving, beginning c. 10mm from the blade edge. The fragment weighs 28.4g. The bronze is heavily pitted and has a dark green to brown patina. The fragment is likely to originate from a palstave of Middle Bronze Age date, but may be from an earlier developed or flanged axe of later Early Bronze Age, from c. 1700BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,28.4,,,,32.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Tonypandy,SS9991,,51.60874385,-3.45992718,NMGW-96C616,,2005.28a.jpg,"Blade fragment from a Bronze Age axe, probably Middle Bronze Age c. 1500-1100BC, edge view.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.28a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65887.jpg
98416,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"Section of cast copper alloy double-edged blade, probably from a sword, but possibly from a spearhead.  Worn transverse breaks at either end, lozenge cross-section, edges tapering towards point.  Width varies between 34.2 and 42.1mm.  Bronze Age, probably of Late Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,30.74,,,7.91,33.52,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Gravesham,Cobham,TQ6867,From a paper map,51.377197,0.412522,KENT-971951,,PAK142-003.JPG,"KENT-971951. Bronze Age sword fragment, profile.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK142-003.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78813.jpg
98418,Tools And Equipment,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,,,"Cu-alloy tool, possibly a chisel. It is very thin and if not a tool of some kind it may have been part of a metal vessel (part of the handle?). 
 

 There is a chance that it is a Bronze Age tool, but the overall shape does not suggest this (too thin for a wood working tool).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,2,58,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Cumbria,Eden,Brougham,NY5229,From a paper map,54.653799,-2.745479,LANCUM-96C075,,DMPenrithBronzeTool1abMerge.jpg,"Penrith, Cumbria: Bronze Tool",LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/DMPenrithBronzeTool1abMerge.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65151.jpg
98466,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2500,1699,Four fragments of copper alloy casting waste.  The waste fragments all have highly irregular surfaces on all sides.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,119.42,,,,,4,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Walcot Near Folkingham,TF0535,From a paper map,52.902192,-0.440378,LIN-993383,,LIN2893.JPG,Copper alloy casting waste,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2893.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65618.jpg
98579,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1300,"Bronze Age palstave fragment, central part only, both ends broken off. The side loop is also broken off and the surface of the metal is very lumpy, so the appears to be unfinished, perhaps a casting mistake. This is probably a fragment of a Taunton period Norman type palstave, dated to 1400-1300BC. Length 93.33mm, width 23.3mm, thickness 22.9mm, weight 135.74g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,135.74,,,22.9,93.33,1,Rachel Atherton,Rachel Atherton,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Walesby,SK6771,From a paper map,53.23182067,-0.9977335,DENO-D672E2,,E4479 palstave.jpg,"Bronze Age Taunton type palstave fragment, possibly a casting mistake.",Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ratherton/E4479 palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/66180.jpg
98619,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Cast cu-alloy flanged axe of Caverton metalwork tradition (BA stage: Acton Park). It is complete and has a chocolate-brown patina. The casting seams have been taken off and the remains smoothed down. The blade was hammered into shape and is now splayed/crescent-shaped. The cutting edge is still sharp and there are not very many re-sharpening marks visible. Also, there is only a small number of nicks and dents which means that it has not been extensively used.


Schmidt, P.K. and Burgess, C. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern Britain, eg no. 474",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,18.2,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,,,,,,LANCUM-D84888,,NeilBarryRibbleValleyPalstave1abMerge.jpg,"Ribble Valley, Lancs.: Palstave",LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/NeilBarryRibbleValleyPalstave1abMerge.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65200.jpg
98774,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,100,"
Small fragment of a cu-alloy spear- or arrowhead (tip). The fragment is too small to give a specific date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1990-01-01T00:00:00Z,1996-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,6.46,,,,27,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Clitheroe,SD7441,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.864558,-2.396838,LANCUM-EAEA92,,NeilBarryRibbleValleyBronzeSpearTip1abMerge.jpg,"Ribble Valley, Lancs.: Tip of Spearhead",LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/NeilBarryRibbleValleyBronzeSpearTip1abMerge.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/65180.jpg
98855,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1159,"Bronze age copper alloy palstave fragment, 24mm long and 16mm wide. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina. It represents the tip of the socket end of a palstave. It has a rounded, bevelled edge and a rectangular section. On one side the start of the socket lip can be seen as a bump running along the edge. The object has snapped just after this.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-06-12T23:00:00Z,,,,6.21,,,,24,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Hoby with Rotherby,SK6519,From a paper map,52.764699,-1.038131,LEIC-EDEAE7,,EDEAE7.JPG,EDEAE7 mid bronze age Palstave fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/EDEAE7.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/66375.jpg
99078,Mount,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Undated copper alloy object, 18mm long and 17mm wide. The object is in fair condition with a brown surface patina showing green where its been removed. The object is roughly crescent shaped and is 11mm thick in the centre. The object tapers sharply towards the ends (which may have joined to form a circle). The object is decorated with four raised circles arranged in a rectangle, two are 4mm in diameter and two are 6mm in diameter. The object may be prehistoric and may be some sort of strapend or even a large earring.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-10-16T23:00:00Z,,,,9.28,,,11,18,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Frisby on the Wreake,SK7016,GPS (from the finder),52.73711076,-0.9646827,LEIC-018E01,,018E01 .JPG,018E01 mount?,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/018E01 .JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/66634.jpg
99166,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,"An eroded fragment of the point of a blade with a wide, flat central rib.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,27.6,,,,72,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Hampton Gay and Poyle,SP5017,From a paper map,51.84936438,-1.27552924,SUR-1429F2,,05.02b.jpg,Bronze Age sword fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.02b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/63630.jpg
99167,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"
A small side-looped spearhead. Most of the socket is missing.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,13.28,,,,56,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Hampton Gay and Poyle,SP5017,From a paper map,51.84936438,-1.27552924,-SUR 144534.00,,05.03.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.03.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/63631.jpg
99174,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-700,"A fragment of a tanged chisel of Bronze Age date. The tang survives, though now in two pieces, along with the collar and part of the shaft. Both the tang and shaft have a rounded rectangular section. The shaft measures 8 x 5.5mm across. The object is coloured dark brown and is in poor condition.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,10.04,,,,52,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Clandon,TQ0351,From finder,51.24888,-0.52561,SUR-14C207,,05.52.jpg,Bronze Age chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.52.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/63792.jpg
99175,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-700,"An awl of Bronze Age date. The tang, in section, is a flattened rounded rectangle. The awl point is conical.","Sally, can you refine the dating?",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,7.55,,,,58,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Clandon,TQ0351,From finder,51.24888,-0.52561,SUR-14DC71,,05.53.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.53.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/63793.jpg
99336,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Cast copper alloy sword fragment with rounded point end and broken upper blade with the rest of the blade and hilt missing. The sides of the blade come to a point and there is a central ridge running up and down the blade, resembling the Ewart Park type sword shape in plan, which widens towards the bottom half of the blade. The fragment is lozenge-shaped in section, without a pronounced central ridge, which is typical of this type of sword section.
          The sword fragment is 47 mm long, 38 mm wide, 1.8 mm thick at the rounded end and 7.5 mm thick at the broken blade end, and 52.84g in weight.
    Needham (1998) illustrates two Ewart type swords on page 135, Fig.37, Nos.386-7.
    Pearce (1985) illustrates similar examples on p.460 & 467, Plate 145 b&e, Nos.325 & 365, from Devon and Cranborne, Dorset, respectively, which are dated to the Ewart Park phase.  
    Late Bronze Age c.1000-800 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1997-11-29T00:00:00Z,,,,52.84,,,7.5,47,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Marazion,SW5231,From finder,50.127132,-5.471223,CORN-30BC82,,Powellfinds 095.jpg,Late Bronze Age sword fragment (section),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Powellfinds 095.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/67085.jpg
99337,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"Cast copper alloy socketed ferrule of a triangular basal-looped spearhead with the remains of the base of the loops on either side of the broken ferrule. Beyond these protrusions there are on either side about 10 mm of the base of the blade in the form of a slight ridge. The blades would have been leaf-shaped and bevelled. The ferrule has a long hollow socket which is circular in section and tapers towards the broken blade end. The opposite end of the socket is also damaged but the surface of the ferrule is in good condition, having a rich green shiny patina.

Similar examples can be found in Pearce (1983) from Lynton in Devon on page 448, Plate 34, No.270, and from Pimperne in Dorset on page 478, Plate 54, No.430b. The latter was found with a side-looped palstave. These types of spear-head are generally dated to the Penard phase (c.1300-1150 BC), as is an example from Maentwog, Gwynedd in Pearce (1984) page 38, Plate 10, which was found in a hoard with flat-ribbed rapiers.

Needham (1998) also illustrates a similar but complete example in his group of Penard metalwork on page 132, Fig.34, No.188.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1998-08-07T23:00:00Z,,,,97.78,,26.5,2,122,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Somerset,Mendip,St. Cuthbert Out,ST5847,From finder,51.22064139,-2.60277345,CORN-3367F7,,Powellfinds 101.jpg,section of spearhead socket,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Powellfinds 101.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/67088.jpg
99792,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed gouge, with part of the wooden handle surviving.  The gouge itself is worn, possibly from water action, and is incomplete, most of the mouth having broken off.  There are a pair of faint incised transverse lines, presumably decoration, just below the mid- way point, around the back of the gouge.  The gouge measures 72.36mm in length, 18.14mm-20.07mm in width and it weighs 54g.  The wooden handle, which is shaped to fit the socket is 73.15mm long, 12.75mm-13.43mm wide and weighs 7g.  When the handle is inserted into the socket the combined object is 93.5mm long and weighs 61g.",,3,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,61,,,18.14,93.5,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Thanet,,TR3471,From a paper map,51.389764,1.361971,KENT-ACD9F3,,PAK144-006.JPG,KENT-ACD9F3.  Wooden handle of gouge.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK144-006.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/67793.jpg
100259,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1050,-600,"An incomplete tip of a cast bronze socketed axehead, dating from c. 1050-600 BC (length: 24.9mm; width: 45.8mm; thickness: 12.4mm; weight: 54.10g).  This rounded tip has a very blunted and possibly unfinished blade and only a small part of the bottom of the socket mouth is visible as a slight sub-rectangular indentation.  This artefact is in a worn and poor condition with a patchy dark brown patina remaining, although the object seems to have been coated in a substance.

In 'Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age', savory states that the socketed axe-head represents a change both in the method of hafting and the method of production.  This involves the adoption of a handle with a single knee-shaft prong, as well as the use of hollow casting and the 'cire perdue' process.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-05-30T23:00:00Z,,,,54.1,,,12.4,24.9,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Saredon,SJ9407,From a paper map,52.660686,-2.090144,WMID-14AC46,,WMID-14AC46.jpg,"An incomplete tip of a Bronze Age socketed axehead, dating from c. 1050-600 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-14AC46.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/67860.jpg
100637,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-900,"Fragment, probably from a copper alloy ingot.  The object is plano-convex in section.
L. 35.88mm.  W. 25mm.  Th. 13.9-7.6mm.  Wt. 40.21g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-27T00:00:00Z,,,,40.21,,,13.9,35.88,1,Jodi Puls,Jodi Puls,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Hawkley,SU7329,From finder,51.055713,-0.95981,HAMP-4104C6,,Hamp 4104C6.tif,HAMP-4104C6,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwill2/Hamp 4104C6.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/80231.jpg
100638,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-900,"Possible copper alloy ingot.  The object is rectangular in plan and section.  One surface is flat, the other has hammer marks along 24mm of its length.  Both ends have small flattened areas.
L. 39.51mm.  W. 9.84-11.45-10.43mm.  Th. 11.7-4.36mm.  Wt. 18.97g.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-27T00:00:00Z,,,,18.97,,,11.7,39.51,1,Sally Worrell,Jodi Puls,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Hawkley,SU7329,From finder,51.055713,-0.95981,HAMP-4118B2,,Hamp 4118B2.tif,Bronze Age Ingot ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwill2/Hamp 4118B2.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/80232.jpg
100639,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-900,"Possible copper alloy ingot.  The object is a rod, D-shaped in section.  One side is slightly chamfered close to the flat surface
L. 34.12mm.  W. 8.37-6.1mm.  Th. 6.99-5.95mm.  Wt. 11.47g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-27T00:00:00Z,,,,11.47,,,6.99,34.12,1,Sally Worrell,Jodi Puls,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Hawkley,SU7329,From finder,51.055713,-0.95981,HAMP-411CE1,,Hamp 411CE1.tif,HAMP 411CE1,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwill2/Hamp 411CE1.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/80233.jpg
100640,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-900,"Fragment, probably from the edge of a copper alloy ingot.  Plano-convex in section.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-27T00:00:00Z,,,,28.09,,,16.8,21.2,1,Sally Worrell,Jodi Puls,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Hawkley,SU7329,From finder,51.055713,-0.95981,HAMP-4120C5,,Hamp 4120C5.tif,HAMP4120C5,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwill2/Hamp 4120C5.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/80234.jpg
101046,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-1000,The tip of the upper part of a palstave axe. The sides are slightly raised. The central thickness is 7.5mm.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,15.83,,,,23.5,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Clandon,TQ0350,From finder,51.239891,-0.525897,SUR-A8E0D4,,05.69.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.69.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/63815.jpg
101149,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,A fragment of a Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe. Only the lower blade end is intact. The blade is slightly expanded and most of the cutting edge is intact. Light hammer rippling on the lower blade. The break is straight. The fragment is 36mm in length and is 57mm wide.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,36,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Acton Bridge,SJ5875,,53.270315,-2.63122,LVPL-BB4B01,,lvplBB4B01a.jpg,Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/alexw/lvplBB4B01a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/642419.jpg
101274,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1300,-800,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy socketed axehead. The body and blade is all that survives of the axehead. The mouth and loop are missing. Most of the original brown patina is damaged and only remains in patches on the back. The remaining light green surface is slightly pitted. The body of the axe is rectangular in plan with gently flaring sides that expand slightly into the lower blade and cutting edge. Most of the front face is missing, making the inside of the socket visible. Packed tightly inside the socket end are possibly the remains of a wooden shaft. 
  The surviving length is 87.0mm, the width midway down the body is 27.0mm and the maximum thickness is 20.2mm. The width from each blade tip is 35.0mm and the weight is 104.26g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,104.26,,,20.2,87,1,Lisa Staves,Lisa Staves,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Gainsborough,SK8388,From a paper map,53.382337,-0.753653,NLM-D3A6B4,,NLM09258.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lstaves/NLM09258.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/69009.jpg
101505,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"The object is possibly the tip of a Bronze Age spearhead. The heavy brown patina that is pitted suggests a prehistoric date. The section, which is an elongated lozenge suggests a projectile, probably a spearhead. 


  
  The object in plan is triangular with a broken lower edge. This break is not recent. In section is an elongated lozenge. 


  
  The tip measures 29.89mm long, 10.35mm wide and 3.44mm thick. It weighs 3.1g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,,3.1,,,3.44,29.89,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP3141,GPS (from the finder),52.066511,-1.549192,WAW-3A7BA3,,WAW-3A7BA3.jpg,Single view of a possible Bronze Age spearhead.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-3A7BA3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/68883.jpg
101508,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,,,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-05-09T23:00:00Z,,,,21.89,,,11.7,26.15,1,Jodi Puls,Jodi Puls,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Teffont,ST9832,GPS (from the finder),51.087311,-2.029932,HAMP-3AC365,,Hamp 3AC365.tif,Late Bronze Age socketed axe<br>Hamp 3AC365,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmccrohan/Hamp 3AC365.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/75864.jpg
101891,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1450,"A slightly incomplete cast copper early Bronze Age flat axe head, dating to between c. 2,200-1,450 BC (length: 151mm; width at blade: 60.7mm; thickness: 13.1mm; weight: exceeds weight limit of scales).  A large and heavy axe with much of the metal still existing, the butt is the thinnest point of the artefact and the width tapers outwards towards the blade which is slightly worn and broken.  Overall, the axehead is in a worn and poor condition with a pitted surface and no original surface still existing.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,13.1,151,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Atlow,SK2249,From a paper map,53.037827,-1.673355,WMID-B69B57,,M Jones - axe head 3.jpg,"A early Bronze Age copper axe head, dating from c. 2200-1450 BC.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/M Jones - axe head 3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/69284.jpg
102542,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2200,1500,"An incomplete cast bronze probable blade fragment, of an uncertain date from the Bronze Age to the Medieval period (length: 84mm; width: 28.8mm; thickness: 3.2mm; weight: 31.21g).  There is an incomplete probable rivet hole at one end, but no rivet remains.  All edges of the fragment are corroded and incomplete.  The artefact is in a worn but fair condition with a dark green patina and pitted surface.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-06-27T23:00:00Z,,,,31.21,,,3.2,84,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Worfield,SO7294,From finder,52.543128,-2.414298,WMID-645FA6,,WMID-645FA6.jpg,"An incomplete probable blade fragment, of an uncertain date between the Bronze Age to the Medival period.",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-645FA6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/70254.jpg
103013,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,,Early Bronze Age narrow-butted flat axe with expanded cutting edge. One side has raised flanges that appear to be cast rather than hammered. ,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-05-28T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,7,97,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Little Budworth,SJ5664,From a paper map,53.171282,-2.659685,LVPL-E3C9F1,,LVPLE3C9F1a.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/alexw/LVPLE3C9F1a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/561439.jpg
103406,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy bead fragment, 24mm in diamter and 8mm thick. It is circular in shape, with a central hole. Only half the item remains. It is an unusual find and its indentification is not definite.","
Pre P.A.S. Interpretation
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,24,8,,1,Richard Knox,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Blaby,Thurlaston,SP4998,From finder,52.577616,-1.278345,LEIC-22AD73,,22AD73.jpg,22AD73 Bronze Age copper alloy bead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/22AD73.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/71530.jpg
103563,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy axe fragment, 16mm long, 17mm wide and 5mm thick. The object is sub rectangular in form and triangular in section and probably represents the edge of an axe.","
Pre-PAS Identification
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1998-08-13T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,5,16,1,Richard Knox,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Barkby Thorpe,SK6308,From finder,52.666063,-1.069872,LEIC-3796E7,,37A3A5.JPG,"
butt end of copper alloy bronze age axe


",,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/37A3A5.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/179809.jpg
103565,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy palstave?(butt end only), 22mm long and 24mm wide. The object is roughly rectangular in section and form and has a raised edge along two sides.","
Pre-PAS Identification
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1998-08-13T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,22,1,Richard Knox,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Barkby Thorpe,SK6308,From finder,52.666063,-1.069872,LEIC-37A3A5,,CAD448d.jpg,Bronze Age axe fragment,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD448d.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/319290.jpg
103885,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-750,Cast copper alloy rectangular-sectioned object with flared terminal. Both ends have a worn break. Possibly a Bronze Age chisel. The form and patina (which is an un-even green brown) possibly indicates an eastern Mediterranean origin. ,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-07-08T23:00:00Z,,,,47.33,,,5.21,103.1,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ7957,From a paper map,51.284011,0.56539,KENT-8C2D91,,PAK150-018.JPG,KENT-8C2D91. Bronze Age chisel. Reverse.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK150-018.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78857.jpg
103913,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1350,-1000,"Cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age dirk or rapier blade. The blade narrows just below a trapzoidal shaped hilt, becoming parallel-sided, and is bent just before a worn transverse break. The hilt has two rivet holes, of 7.25mm diameter. One of these is incomplete, but the other retains a cylindrical copper alloy rivet, length 13mm by diameter 8.2mm. These rivets would have attached the handle, which would have been of an organic material such as wood or horn.



Based on the line drawing this fragment has been reidentified as a group IV dirk or rapier, and not a dagger as previously suggested. This allows the dating to be revised to being of either Middle or Late Bronze Age date most probably from the Penard metalworking industry dated to c. 1350 – 1000BC",This record has been updated by Peter Reavill (4/5/21) following information provided by Dr Brendan O'Connor.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-08-06T23:00:00Z,,,,65.93,,,6.61,81.31,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,Aylesford,TQ7358,From a paper map,51.294847,0.479925,KENT-8D3476,,PAK150-010.JPG,KENT-8D3476. Bronze Age dagger blade.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK150-010.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78848.jpg
104145,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2300,-700,"
A small diametered, thick, sub-circular sectioned cast bronze ring. These are seen from the Bronze Age onwards although in Richard Knox's opinion mostly from this early period. It is almost bead-like but presumably was designed to take some weight.
","
Pre P.A.S. Identification
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,21,13,,1,Richard Knox,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Queniborough,SK6412,From finder,52.701899,-1.054311,LEIC-B6FB92,,B6FB92.jpg,B6FB92 Medieval lead spindle whorl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/B6FB92.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72190.jpg
104320,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy spear fragment, 42mm long, 15mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is sub traingular in form and lozenge shaped in section. The object is badly damaged and has semi-circular in section. It tapers in width towards the narrower tip. The object is probably part of a spear head.","
Pre P.A.S. Identification
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,7,42,1,Richard Knox,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Barkby Thorpe,SK6208,From finder,52.666178,-1.084657,LEIC-069F75,,069F75.JPG,"069F75

bronze age spear",,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/069F75.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/179763.jpg
104418,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy incomplete blade point, measuring 165mm long, 20mm wide and 6mm thick.  The blade is long and slim, with a diamond shaped cross-section which bends up at the wider end.",Pre P.A.S Identification,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1990-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,6,165,1,Richard Knox,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Thurcaston and Cropston,SK5510,From a paper map,52.684909,-1.187819,LEIC-0B3711,,0B3711.jpg,0B3711 Bronze Age copper alloy blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/0B3711.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72491.jpg
104582,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze age socketed axe of South-eastern class D. The axe has faceted body angles and a slim body. The mouth is oval and the body has 10 facets. The upper edge of the shallow collar at the mouth is damaged. On each side of the casting ridge there are two ridges that begin 7mm apart and sweep down towards the edge of the blade where they meet. This produces a clean flat blade. The axe has one side loop 21mm long and 7mm in diameter. The axe is 106mm long and the blade edge is 43mm wide. T he object is in fair condtion having quite extensive bronze disease (developed since its discovery) but otherwise has a good brown patina.  The axe is a very fine example of Bronze age casting.,",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1999-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,190,,,27,106,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Slawston,SP7794,From a paper map,52.538426,-0.866152,LEIC-20A946,,20A946.JPG,20A946 late Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/20A946.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72630.jpg
104584,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze age faceted socketed axe, 69mm long and 41mm wide. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and some green corrosion. The axe has a circular collared socket and a body which begins with a square section and tapers down to a rectangular section 33mm long and 17mm wide. At this point the axe has snapped. The axe has prominent casting ridges down each side and one side loop, 24mm long and 10mm wide.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1999-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,130,,,30,69,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Slawston,SP7794,From a paper map,52.538426,-0.866152,LEIC-2104C3,,2104C3 b.JPG,2104C3 b Late Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/2104C3 b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72632.jpg
104614,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Early Bronze age copper alloy flat axe, 89mm long and 42mm wide. The axe is in fair condition with a brown/green patina and weighs 95grams. The axe has a narrow and long body which begins 17mm wide and 3mm thick. It tapers gradually and reaches its thickest just under half way along its length where it is 10mm thick and 21mm wide. From this point the axe widens slightly and becomes gradually thinner until it fans out to a blade 42mm wide and 1.5mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,95,,,10,89,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Thurcaston and Cropston,SK5510,,52.684909,-1.187819,LEIC-2EBC45,,2EBC45.JPG,2EBC45 Flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/2EBC45.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72633.jpg
104623,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy socketed axe fragment, 50mm long and 37mm wide. The axe is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 50.98 grams. The axe has a rectangular section and is 20mm thick and 27mm wide where it has broken. It has a casting ridge running down the inside of its widest edge and one visible on the outer side where there is also the remains of a side loop. The blade fans out quite steeply and has clear signs of use with lipping on one side and scratch marks running from its edge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,50.98,,,20,50,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Blaby,Glenfields,SK5305,From a paper map,52.640164,-1.218204,LEIC-2F2824,,2F2824.JPG,2F2824 socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/2F2824.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72634.jpg
104637,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy socketed gouge, 47mm long and 12mm in diameter. The object is in quite poor condition with a damaged upper edge. It has a brown patina and weighs 13.96grams. The object is sub-rectangular in form and sub-circular in section, tapering slightly becoming 2mm narrower at the tip. The Gouge blade is formed of a V shaped recess 29mm long which begins in teh centre of the object at 1.5mm wide, expanding to 10mm wide at the rounded flat tip.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,13.96,,12,,47,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Blaby,Glenfields,SK5406,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.649054,-1.203264,LEIC-2F5366,,2F5366 .JPG,2F5366 socketed gouge,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/2F5366 .JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72635.jpg
104935,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy axe butt, 27mm long, 24mm wide and 12mm thick. Only the tip survives. In section this is triangular.",Pre PAS Identification,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,12,27,1,Richard Knox,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Thurcaston and Cropston,SK5611,From a paper map,52.693796,-1.172858,LEIC-4782D7,,4782D7.jpg,4782D7 Bronze Age copper alloy axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/4782D7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72754.jpg
105109,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-701,"Fragment of Middle/ Late Bronze Age bronze socketed spearhead, probably from (quite a large) flame- or leaf- shaped spearhead (possibly Greenwell & Brewis Type IV). The breaks are ancient and the fragment now very worn, although some knocks are recent. It is broken horizontally across the socket. The edges of the blade are worn although the bevelling is still visible.
The fragment is from near the tip and has broken across the socket to one side and the solid spear tip to the other. The spearhead is pointed oval in section with a broad flat mid-rib (socket 9xc.6mm).
The fragment measures 28x28x8mm and weighs 16.48g.
Spearheads of the Middle Bronze Age tend to be well crafted and survive well in the ground. I am leaning more to a Late Bronze Age date for this fragment.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,,16.48,,,8,28,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Melksham,ST9064,Centred on parish,51.37496504,-2.14505634,WILT-5DBFF5,,DCspear.jpg,Fragment of Bronze Age spearhead,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/DCspear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72914.jpg
105260,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1900,"Fragment of Early Bronze Age flat axe. This fragment represents the lower body and blade of the axe. When complete it would have been a flattened lentoid in profile. The remains of the body of the axe flare broadly into the crescentic blade. The cutting edge and blade tips are now heavily worn. To either side of the body of the axe are barely perceptible, low flanges that diminish before reaching the blade. The surface of the axe is heavily pitted. The original surface has a mid green patina, but exposed lower surfaces are light green and bright green. The upper body and butt of the axe are missing. The break is almost horizontal and well worn, suggesting damage occurred in antiquity. The regular break may suggest that it was deliberately broken, perhaps for inclusion in a scrap hoard. The axe is 50.54mm long, 44.82mm wide from blade tip to tip, has a maximum thickness of 7.98mm and weighs 77.55g. It probably dates to the Aylesford phase, c.2000-1900BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,77.55,,,7.98,50.54,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Great Horkesley,,,,,ESS-9CA9C4,,Bowyer falt axe.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axe,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/Bowyer falt axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72976.jpg
105284,Weapon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Fragment of copper alloy middle to late Bronze Age blade. This fragment is subsquare in plan and a flattened lentoid in section. There is no median rib or ridge. It is 31.26mm long, 37.54mm wide, 5.18mm thick and weighs 28.08g. The two cutting edges and one has a significant nick to one corner. The break edges are regular and worn. This might suggest that the blade was deliberately cut in antiquity, perhaps for inclusion in a scrap or ‘founders’ hoard. Some of the original surface survives with a mid green patina, but the mostly exposed lower surface is light green. There is a significant patch of brown corrosion to one side.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.08,,,5.18,31.26,1,Caroline McDonald,Caroline McDonald,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Hatfield Broad Oak,,,,,ESS-9E4D12,,moss blade frag.jpg,Fragment of Bronze Age bladed weapon,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cmcdonald/moss blade frag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72991.jpg
105455,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1300,"Cast copper alloy unlooped middle Bronze Age palstave axehead. The blade has a wide cresent shaped cutting edge that is corroded and chipped with no evidence of the original sharp edge. There is a triangular shaped recess below the stop ridge (blade end) on one side, while corrosion obscures this on the other side. The stop ridge is rectangular in plan, and diamond shaped in profile. There is an old break at the butt end. Casting scars are found down the length of both sides. Mainly dark green in colour with lighter green pitting caused by corrosion. The original polished dark brown patina is only seen in the sockets. ",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-08-20T23:00:00Z,,,,385,,,27.49,142.62,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Canterbury,,TR1555,From a paper map,51.253616,1.079678,KENT-D91AF6,,PAK150-002.JPG,KENT-D91AF6. Bronze Age Palstave Axehead.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK150-002.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78842.jpg
105456,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1725,-1500,"Complete copper alloy low-flanged axe of Early Bronze Age date. The axe belongs to Type Arreton (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981) or Class 5 (following Needham 1983; forthcoming). It can be dated to the Arreton metalworking phase (1725-1500 cal. BC), falling within the later half of Period 4 (Needham 1996; Needham et al. 1997).



The axehead has an overall length of 122.7mm and weighs 270.7g. The butt is rounded and has a width of 20mm. The septum gradually thickens to the curved and prominent median bevel, positioned 55mm from the butt. The sides are comparatively straight and diverge slightly towards the blade, with a width at the median of 26.5mm and a width of 29mm before the sides expand to the blade. The sides are curved across their thickness. The flanges are lozenge-shaped and are longer at the rear. The flanges come to a point at the butt and because the butt is convex, it is visible as the characteristic 'projecting tongue' when viewed from the side. The flanges have a maximum breadth at the position of the median of 21.6mm. The blade side expands to produce a deep crescentic blade edge with a width of 69.6mm. Blade facets are evident c. 14mm from the blade edge and may have been highlighted by a low step upwards running across the blade which is discernible on both faces. There are striations running across the width of the axe positioned on the blade between the beginning of the flange and the stop, these may possibly be only evident here because of better surface preservation. The striations may have been intended as crude decoration. The axe has been recently treated with an applied coating. The surface, where it survives, has a dark green to black patina (exaggerated by the applied coating) and has a silvery tint, probably because of surface tin enrichment.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,270.7,,,21.6,122.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Market Drayton,,,,,NMGW-D8EEE6,,2005.49.jpg,"Developed flat axe, probably Type Arreton and Early Bronze Age III date or metalworking stage five or Needham's Period 3, c. 2000-1700BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.49.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/75342.jpg
105466,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-950,"Mouth fragment of cast copper-alloy socketed axehead dating to c. 1100-950 BC, or possibly a little later. It comes from a plain axe with a 'rope' upper mouth moulding. There is no indication of casting seams, meaning that it is a fragment of a face, not a side of the axe. Moreover, the mouth fragment comes from a mis-cast axe, as the thinness of one side/face and mouth moulding indicate. It is questionable whether or not it was ever used. If the mis-casting meant that it was too incomplete and the structure was too weak for use, it would have been recycled. This is probably what this fragment was meant for.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,38.47,,,,39,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Cumbria,Eden,Crosby Ravensworth,NY6216,From a paper map,54.53783196,-2.58880921,LANCUM-D99FD1,,BaFKPAxefrgmMeaburn1ab.jpg,"Maulds Meaburn, Cumbria: Mouth Fragment of socketed axe",LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/BaFKPAxefrgmMeaburn1ab.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72787.jpg
105795,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"A fragment from a small cast copper-alloy spearhead or arrowhead, likely to date from the late Bronze Age, from circa 1200 to 800 BC. The weapon is socketed (existing socket size 7.3 mm in diameter). The object is unfortunately broken at both the socketed end and the blade end. The result of the socket causes a convex ridge to run down the obverse and the reverse of the blade. In profile the object is therefore oval with a wing at either side. The edges of the blade begin to taper towards the break at the socketed end of the object, whilst the ridge caused by the socket continues to expand - the original socket size would therefore be somewhate larger than that which remains. Determining whether this find is an arrowhead or a spearhead is not aided by its fragmented nature, although socketed spearheads seem to be better attested than socketed arrowheads in the literature concerning the later Bronze Age. Examples of socketed spearheads are illustrated in Needham (1990, 55; 32/72, 47, 82) and Langmaid (1976, 53; 19).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,5.4,,,8.6,17.9,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Paulerspury,SP7144,GPS (from the finder),52.089803,-0.965132,NARC-5997F0,,NARC-5997F0spearheadsection.jpg,Fragment from a small late Bronze Age socketed spear or arrowhead,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-5997F0spearheadsection.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/73567.jpg
105836,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,"A very worn cast copper-alloy fragment, possibly from a Bronze Age blade.  The object has shallow facets and is lozenge shaped in section.  It has sufferes losses and is thus hard to identify, however the slight nature of the fragment may suggest a later dirk, small rapier, knife or dagger. ",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,4.7,,,3,29.5,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Paulerspury,SP7144,GPS (from the finder),52.089803,-0.965132,NARC-5DE5A2,,NARC-5DE5A2bladerev.jpg,"Possible Bronze Age blade fragment, reverse",Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/NARC-5DE5A2bladerev.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/73558.jpg
105964,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,2000,1700,"A crude copper-alloy sub-circular ring. The ring is penannular with one slightly pointed end. It was possibly used as an ear ring, although there are a number of other uses for such artefact types. One such use might be a link in a chain. A similar artefact is illustrated in Crummy (1983, 50; 1796) which is cited as being a possible Roman ear ring. However other penannular rings of a not dissimilar nature make up links from a possible chain mesh purse (Crummy 1983, 50; 1850). A definite function for such items is thus difficult to ascertain, and when discovered outside a stratified context determining a date is likewise problematic. They may date from as early as the Bronze Age, whilst they may be as late as post-medieval.","A further ring, similar in form although larger was found in the same area. ",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,1.1,,16.5,,,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Rushden,SP9367,From a paper map,52.29327,-0.637814,NARC-831C87,,NARC-831C87ring.jpg,Penannular ring,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-831C87ring.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/73742.jpg
106158,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Cast copper alloy fragment of an ingot, triangular in plan, and in profile, a smoother convex surface leading down to a rougher edge or base, which comes off at about a 30° angle. This profile suggest that it may come from a plano-convex ingot, similar to those found in the Late Bronze Age across the county.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2005-05-23T23:00:00Z,,,,64.61,,,17,42,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Tregoney,SW9244,From a paper map,50.259271,-4.919525,CORN-CCB7D1,,Tregonyfinds 007.jpg,plan of ingot fragment,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Tregonyfinds 007.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/74039.jpg
106547,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze age ? copper alloy Spear head, 39mm long and 11mm wide. The object is in good condition with a dark brown patina and weighs 4.76 grams. The arrow has a tapering shaft which begins 6mm in diameter and continues up to its tip where its about 3mm in diameter. It has a ridge running down the centre on both sides. The 'blades' are curved giving it an almond shape, and has a chamferred point 2mm wide. The object is still sharp along these edges.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-03T23:00:00Z,,,,4.76,,6,,39,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Cossington,SK6113,,52.711234,-1.098517,LEIC-15DC10,,15DC10.JPG,15DC10 Bronze age arrowhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/15DC10.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/74577.jpg
106600,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,,"Bronze Age copper alloy flat axehead, 106mm long and 56mm wide. The axe is an early Bronze Age type.",Pre-PAS Identification,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1994-10-13T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,106,1,Richard Knox,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Rushcliffe,Upper Broughton,SK6826,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.827247,-0.992225,LEIC-18ADC1,,18ADC1.jpg,18ADC1 Bronze Age Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/18ADC1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/74619.jpg
106602,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, 24mm long and 19mm wide. Only the tip of this spearhead is preserved.",Pre-PAS Identification,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1994-10-13T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,24,1,Richard Knox,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Rushcliffe,Upper Broughton,SK6826,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.827247,-0.992225,LEIC-18BD95,,18BD95.jpg,18BD95 Spear Head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/18BD95.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/74620.jpg
106870,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-12150,-800,"Probably a copper-alloy Bronze Age casting gate or jet. The gate has a flat sub-circular platform with ten integral conical projections on the underside. The projections splay outwards at a slight angle. Some of the projections are now incomplete.  The platform varies slightly in thickness and has a sub-circular perforation just off the centre point. The diameter of the platform is 28.6mm, the length of the platform and projection is 15.4mm and the weight is 35.24g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,35.24,,28.6,,15.4,1,Lisa Staves,Lisa Staves,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Selby,SE6132,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.780764,-1.075759,NLM-6E5052,,NLM09461.jpg,Casting gate,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lstaves/NLM09461.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/74966.jpg
107042,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,Tip of late Bronze Age socketed axe head. Blade expands at tip. ,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,35.85,,,,27,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Warrington,Warrington,Winwick,SJ6092,From a paper map,53.423269,-2.603388,LVPL-EC8E41,,EC8E41.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/EC8E41.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/75595.jpg
107225,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"Incomplete copper alloy knife, or dagger. The dagger is leaf shaped, slender and roughly a pointed oval in cross-section. Either side of the blade there are developed bevels; two either side of the main ridge angling down towards the blade edge. The blade tapers towards the tip, which is now flat through wear rather than being pointed. The flat tip is well patinated, having the same patination as the blade body. The edges of the blade are damaged in places with small concave 'nicks', and are again covered with the same patination as the blade tip and body. The tang is roughly rectangular and flares slightly towards the gently curved and worn shoulders. There is a single rivet hole in the centre of the tang to attach it to the handle. The rivet hole is circa 4mm in diameter. The surface condition is very poor with extensive loss due to corrosion. Limited areas of original surface, patinated dark brown remain mainly on the tang and the tip-end of the blade. Elsewhere the surface is smooth and medium brown in colour. 


Dating is slightly problematic. In form the knife is similar to some small rivetted knife/daggers of the Camerton-Showshill phase of the late Early Bronze Age to early Middle Bronze Age, though they usually have a flat blade in cross-section. The blade section and rivet notches suggest a Middle Bronze Age date to be most likely, there are similar examples from Beck Row, Mildenhall (Pendleton 1999, Fig 51-206).


Locally, the blade is comparable to one from Bourne, Lincolnshire (Davey, 1973, fig. 19 no. 193, although classified as a dirk), another from Caenby, Lincolnshire (ibid, p90, fig 23, no. 220).











This object was found in association with other Bronze Age, Iron Age and early Roman material, including fIVE terret rings, as listed below. The terret rings were recorded under the Treasure Act (2006 T187) but were declared 'not treasure' due to a lack of evidence to relate them together. The assemblage as a whole however indicates that the site is significant, perhaps as a religious or cult centre.












Plain/simple terret: LIN-676E77

    
Mini terret: LIN-6799A3

    
Flat-ringed terret: LIN-670AF0

    
Copper alloy bar: LIN-DDA7C2

    
Skirted terret: LIN-F0BD14

    
Knobbed terret: LIN-F0FAB4

    
Bronze Age terminal/pommel: LIN-34D2A3

    
Horse harness fitting or belt loop:

    
Langton Down brooch: LIN-03A0A3

    
Bronze Age axe: LIN-14A4E7",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,3.2,111,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Sudbrooke,TF0576,GPS (From FLO),53.270604,-0.427002,LIN-01C457,,LIN3164B.jpg,Drawing of blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN3164B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/76269.jpg
108190,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2000,1699,Two fragments of copper alloy casting waste.  The surfaces are very irregular.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,2,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,North Thoresby,TF2898,From a paper map,53.463197,-0.073416,LIN-A6FD07,,LIN3293.JPG,Copper alloy casting ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN3293.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/77012.jpg
108192,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2000,1699,Fragment of copper alloy casting waste.  The surfaces are very irregular.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,9,46,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,North Thoresby,TF2898,From a paper map,53.463197,-0.073416,LIN-A70536,,LIN3296.JPG,Casting waste,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN3296.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/77015.jpg
108193,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2000,1699,Fragment of copper alloy casting waste.  The surfaces are very irregular.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,6,40,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,North Thoresby,TF2898,From a paper map,53.463197,-0.073416,LIN-A708F4,,LIN3297.JPG,Copper alloy casting waste,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN3297.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/77016.jpg
108247,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Complete cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axe of South Eastern type [Type A]. The mouth of the axe is subsquare and there is a double mouth moulding. Around the mouth of the axe there are sprues. The body of the axe is rectangular, with straight sides, which then flare into the lower blade slightly expanded cutting edge. The cutting edge is intact and there are slight marks along the blade edge where it has been resharpened. The axe has a triangular profile. The side loop is semicircular with a semicircular perforation. A prominent casting seam runs down either side of the axe as far as the mid point. It is particularly prominent above the loop. The original surface of the axe partially survives with a dark green to black patina, worn and pitted in places. The axehead measures 87mm in length, the blade has a width of 40mm, the mouth 33mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Building work,2005-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,33,87,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Duxford,,,,,NCL-A9DD83,,ridleyaxe.jpg,Copper alloy Late Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/ridleyaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/76949.jpg
109113,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Complete Late Bronze Age, copper-alloy, looped, socketed axehead. It has 3 parallel ribs running along either side of the blade, a double moulding around the mouth and a distinctive lump between the loop and the blade. A very similar example was excavated from the Breiddin Hillfort (about 10km away) and this form is a common type in north and east Wales and the Marches (Musson, C R et al 1991, pp133 & 136).

Three axeheads were found at Cherrytree Bank, Welshpool in 1977 (CPAT PRN2192). Two were donated to Powysland Museum, the third was retained by the finder (or a member of his family) and subsequently lost. This was found in a house in Llanymynech and appears (from records made in 1977) to be the missing axehead. Re-reported in July 2005.","Donated to Powysland Museum, Welshpool in 2008 to be reunited with the other 2 axeheads. Currently (April 2009) undergoing conservation at National Museum Wales in Cardiff.",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2005-06-30T23:00:00Z,1977-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,44,112,1,Chris Martin,Jeff Spencer,Wales,Powys,Powys,Welshpool,SJ2208,From a paper map,52.664082,-3.154755,CPAT-3A0180,,1959-001.JPG,Bronze Age Socketed axehead,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhankin/1959-001.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/77719.jpg
109157,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy spearhead/arrowhead tip, 50mm long and 13mm wide. The object is in a fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 8.91 grams. It has a lozenge shaped section comprising of a tapering circular shaft with flared blade.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-11T23:00:00Z,,,,8.91,,,,50,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Gaddesby,SK6813,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.710401,-0.994919,LEIC-3B3EF2,,3B3EF2 .JPG,3B3EF2  bronze age arrowhead?,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/3B3EF2 .JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78928.jpg
109245,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,Damaged socketed Bronze Axe,,4,,,Returned to finder,Agricultural or drainage work,2005-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,25,90,1,Richard Jones,Richard Jones,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Eglwyswrw,SN1435,From finder,51.98224,-4.709876,CAMBRIA-4EC395,,2005-140b.JPG,2005-140b.JPG,Cambria Archaeology,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jhall/2005-140b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78008.jpg
109474,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy tanged chisel (1500-1150BC).  The chisel has a curved cutting edge (width: 36mm) that narrows to form parallel sides with a rectangular tang.  There are no signs of damage to the cutting edge.  Chisels of this type are not that common, a couple of other examples are known from Suffolk and Wales.  Dark green glossy patina.  Dimensions:  length: 147mm; width of cutting edge: 36mm; thickness of cutting edge: 4mm; thickness at centre: 11mm; thickness of tang: 9mm; weight: 158g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,158,,,11,147,1,Sally Worrell,Kate Sumnall,South East,Oxfordshire,Oxford,,SP5106,From a paper map,51.750381,-1.262627,BERK-A46EE4,,van Rijn BA chisel - complete.jpg,Middle Bronze Age tanged chisel,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksutton/van Rijn BA chisel - complete.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78373.jpg
110241,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-900,"1200-900BC. Copper alloy, cast but broken and badly corroded, socketed Bronze Age spear tip. Although badly corroded with the cutting edges and body corroded or broken away there is a remnant of a dark green patina between the body of the spear and the cutting edges.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-08-20T23:00:00Z,,,,19.7,,,12,52,1,Geoff Burr,Geoff Burr,South East,Kent,Tunbridge Wells,Hawkhurst,TQ7730,Generated from computer mapping software,51.042089,0.523465,KENT-282500,,k282500b.JPG,Kent-282500. Bronze Age. Spear tip. Back view.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gburr/k282500b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/79270.jpg
110319,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,Possible tip of Bronze Age dagger. Incipient mid-rib,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,1.86,,,2.5,23,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Collingham,SK8361,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.139697,-0.760687,LVPL-3A7881,,3A7881.jpg,Tip of Bronze Age dagger,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/3A7881.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/79692.jpg
110459,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,A possible awl of late Bronze Age date. One end is bullet-shaped and pointed while the other is flat like a screwdriver,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,2.69,,4,,38,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kings Somborne,SU3732,,51.086129,-1.473119,HAMP-4ED4F5,,,,,,,
110483,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A Mid Bronze Age side-looped leaf-shaped spearhead (1500-1150 BC).  The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade where the widest point (width 24.21mm) is low down on the blade near the socket.  There is a very pronounced, angular midrib with a lozengiform cross-section becoming round towards the socket.  The midrib runs from the tip and extends into the socket (length: 94.28mm).  There is a groove running parallel to the cutting edge alongside the edge bevel.  Notches and pits are present along the cutting edge but is difficult to determine if this damage is ancient or more modern.  The external surface of the socket has been cast so that is it facetted to form an octagon.  The interior of the socket has a circular section and internally extends 53.40mm into the blade.  On opposing sides of the socket, approximately 10mm from the edge of the socket, are two side loops to attach the spearhead to the haft.  The loops are narrow with a semi-circular profile (width: 1.90mm; length 4.19mm).  Glossy dark green patina. The object is 121.56mm long, 30.91mm wide, the diameter of the socket is 22.45mm and it weighs 79.38g.
    
    Ehrenberg, M.R. 1977.  Bronze Age Spearheads from Berks, Bucks and Oxon.  British Archaeological Reports No. 34.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,79.38,,22.45,,121.56,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,South West,Gloucestershire,Cotswold,Barrington,SP1909,From a paper map,51.779347,-1.72599815,BERK-503EE1,,Mander - spear - complete.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksutton/Mander - spear - complete.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/80444.jpg
110568,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-600,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment. This is a side fragment from near the blade of a socketed axe of undetermined type and dating from between 1100 and 600 BC. The fragment has a height of 32.5mm, a width of 24.3mm and a maximum thickness of 14.8mm (minimum thickness of 7.2mm). The axe was likely to have been made from a heavily-leaded bronze and the fragment weighs 51.8g. The base of the socket is visible at the top of the fragment with a surviving depth of 7.4mm. The side of the axe is slightly convex and is beginning to curve outwards at the bottom, probably implying a somewhat expanded blade edge. The casting seam is not visible on the side of the axe suggesting the axe was well-finished or used. Both faces of the axe have been heavily-battered, leaving pounding marks and partially closing the socket. The surface of the axe fragment is in good condition with a mid to dark green patina.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,51.8,,,14.8,32.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,,,,,NMGW-628290,,axecomp.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/axecomp.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/627886.jpg
110580,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-750,-100,"Copper alloy pin of ring-headed type, dating from the end of the Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age, c. 750 – 100BC. The pin is complete, but has distorted slightly near the tip and has an overall length of 99.2mm. The pin is of circular section with a diameter of between 3 and 4mm. The head forms a circular ring with an external diameter of 14.2mm (8mm internal). The ring is slightly open with a gap of c.0.5mm between the end of the ring and the neck. The neck forms the characteristic U-bend, before the near right-angle to the pin shaft (86mm in length). The diameter of the shaft is constant until c. 35mm from the tip, where the pin thins to the point. The only decoration evident on the pin is a single incised line on the front and sides of the head, 2mm from the end of the loop. The pin weighs 7.3g and is in good condition with much of the surface preserved and a mid-brown patina. This find represents the twelfth recorded find of ring-headed and swan’s-neck pins in South East Wales (comprising the old counties of Glamorgan & Gwent) (Gwilt in press), including the five recent examples excavated at Llanmaes, Vale of Glamorgan. Ring-headed pins of this form without a solid ring commonly carry simple decoration with notches on the front of the ring (Dunning 1934, pp274). The simple decoration on this form of pin can be paralleled with an example from Meare in Somerset (ibid. fig 3) and from Margan foreshore in Wales (Wear, unpublished) where an example has further notches along the neck and head. Few ring-headed pins have been recovered from a securely dated context, but the simple form and decoration on this example may suggest a date within the first half of the date range suggested above.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,7.3,,4,,99.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9877,,51.482725,-3.4703,NMGW-62BF56,,2005.92.jpg,"Late Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age ring-headed type pin, c. 750-100BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.92.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78959.jpg
110606,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-950,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy palstave, probably of Type Guilsfield.



The palstave is complete and has an overall length of 147.6mm and is comparatively heavy at 477.1g, implying a heavily-leaded bronze. The butt is straight (23mm wide) and is angled slightly towards the unlooped side. The septum is thick, as is typical for the type, with a thickness at the butt of 6mm and 14mm at the base of the stop. The septum is slightly concave across its width. The flanges are concave and end well before the butt (18mm). The sides before the stop are straight. The stop is rounded, suggesting the type to be 'Guilsfield' and projects prominently above the blade surface. The top of the stop overhangs the septum with a height of 18-19mm. At the stop, the palstave blade has a width of 28.4mm (42.4mm including the loop) and has a thickness of 31.1mm. The sides of the blade are concave and diverge to a narrow and gently curving blade of 45.6mm width. Both sides exhibit the casting seams, which have been finished, probably initially through hammering and then filing, the seam on the unlooped side appears less well finished than the corresponding seam. The sides are comparatively straight across their thickness. The loop has an external width of 26.3mm (13.1mm internal), a maximum thickness of 9.1mm and projects 14mm above the side of the palstave. The exterior of the loop carries small faceting, possibly as a result of multi-directional filing. The blade has a comparatively deep convex curve near the stop, which becomes weaker as it approaches the edge, the blade is otherwise undecorated. Both blades display neat and systematic hammer-marks. The blade edge has been lost but prominent sharpening striations are evident running along the blade on both faces. The palstave has good surface preservation with a mid to dark green patina. Small areas of surface damage and possible bronze disease are visible on the edges and a small recent scrape is visible on one flange, possibly as a result of excavation.","This palstave is part of a hoard of five objects, found around 1975. The hoard consists of another similar palstave (NMGW-759FC0), a socketed axe (NMGW-75C4F7), a socketed gouge (NMGW-75FE70) and a blade of an uncertain object (NMGW-7621D3).



Both palstaves in this assemblage (this one and NMGWPA 2005.93.2) share many features and are similar in size and weight. Differences in the recurved blade may be a result of eroded blade tips on NMGWPA 2005.93.1, which is generally slightly less well preserved. It appears likely that both palstaves were produced at the same time and possibly from the same mould pairs. Within Wales, as the type may suggest, the palstaves can be best paralleled with the palstaves recovered amongst the hoard found at Guilsfield, Powys. One palstave in particular shares the same flange profile and drop from the stop onto the blade (Savory 1966, Fig.1 (14)). 



This hoard can be fairly confidently dated to the Late Bronze Age, resolution within this time period however, is problematic and requires metallurgical analysis to resolve. The palstaves (NMGWPA 2005.93.1-2) are suggested as being of 'Guilsfield' type and suggest manufacture during the Wilburton metalworking industry. Wilburton metalworking corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 6 and is dated to c. 1150-950 BC. The socketed axe (NMGWPA 2005.93.3) of Type Gillespie can be dated from late Wilburton to Ewart Park (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, pp 193), although Wilburton associations are known (ibid.). Savory (1980, pp 55)1 has suggested that a simple mouth moulding on socketed gouges suggests a later date within the type, probably implying a Ewart Park date for the gouge NMGWPA 2005.93.4, within Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950-750BC, though socketed gouges are known from the Wilburton phase.



The highly tentative parallel drawn between the blade fragment NMGWPA 2005.93.5 and the Acton Park hoard may present a slight possibility of an earlier association dating to the later Middle Bronze Age and of Acton 2 metalworking stage, corresponding to Needham's (ibid.) Period 5 and dated to c. 1500-1150BC. However, the blade may also plausibly represent the lower part of a tanged chisel, such as those seen in the Late Bronze Age hoards from Penwyllt, Powys, and Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No.284(9); No.288(3)). It is the Identifier's opinion that these complex dating issues may only be resolved through metallurgical analysis to identify the alloying group as outlined by Northover (1980).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,477.1,,,31.1,147.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Conwy,Conwy,Conwy,SH7575,,53.257235,-3.875258,NMGW-632296,,2005.93.1.jpg,"Late Bronze Age palstave, probably Type Guilsfield.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.93.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78960.jpg
110703,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-950,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy palstave, probably of Type Guilsfield.



The palstave is complete and has an overall length of 141.0mm and is comparatively heavy at 483.7g, implying a heavily-leaded bronze. The butt has a width of 24.7mm and is irregular, appearing to have suffered from casting problems with the bronze at the surface appearing to be porous, there is also some hollowing on both sides of the septum adjacent to the butt. This damage may be a result of insufficient bronze when casting. The butt was likely to have been straight and angled slightly towards the unlooped side. The septum is thick, as is typical for the type, with a thickness at the butt of 5mm and 15mm at the base of the stop. The flanges are concave and end well before the butt (17mm), with the flanges on the looped side appearing shorter than on the other. The sides before the stop are straight. The stop is rounded, suggesting the type to be 'Guilsfield' and projects prominently above the blade surface. The top of the stop overhangs the septum with a height of 18-19mm. At the stop the palstave blade has a width of 28.3mm (43.0mm including the loop) and has a thickness of 33.4mm. The sides of the blade are concave and diverge to a slightly expanded blade, producing a curved blade edge of 50.0mm width. Both sides exhibit the casting seams, which have been finished, probably initially through hammering and then filing. The sides are comparatively straight across their thickness. The loop has an external width of 27.9mm (13.9mm internal), a maximum thickness of 9.4mm and projects 15mm above the side of the palstave. The exterior of the loop carries small faceting, possibly as a result of multi-directional filing. The blade has a comparatively deep convex curve near the stop, which becomes weaker as it approaches the edge, the blade is otherwise undecorated. Both blades display some hammer-marks. The blade edge survives near the unlooped side and prominent sharpening striations are evident running along the blade on both faces. Deep striations are also present running up the blade. The palstave has good surface preservation with a black patina at the rear and dark brown patina on the blade.","This palstave is part of a hoard of five objects, found around 1975. The hoard consists of another similar palstave (NMGW-632296), a socketed axe (NMGW-75C4F7), a socketed gouge (NMGW-75FE70) and a blade of an uncertain object (NMGW-7621D3).



Both palstaves in this assemblage (this one and NMGWPA 2005.93.1) share many features and are similar in size and weight. Differences in the recurved blade may be a result of eroded blade tips on NMGWPA 2005.93.1, which is generally slightly less well preserved. It appears likely that both palstaves were produced at the same time and possibly from the same mould pairs. Within Wales, as the type may suggest, the palstaves can be best paralleled with the palstaves recovered amongst the hoard found at Guilsfield, Powys. One palstave in particular shares the same flange profile and drop from the stop onto the blade (Savory 1966, Fig.1 (14)).



This hoard can be fairly confidently dated to the Late Bronze Age, resolution within this time period however, is problematic and requires metallurgical analysis to resolve. The palstaves (NMGWPA 2005.93.1-2) are suggested as being of 'Guilsfield' type and suggest manufacture during the Wilburton metalworking industry. Wilburton metalworking corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 6 and is dated to c. 1150-950 BC. The socketed axe (NMGWPA 2005.93.3) of Type Gillespie can be dated from late Wilburton to Ewart Park (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, pp 193), although Wilburton associations are known (ibid.). Savory (1980, pp 55)1 has suggested that a simple mouth moulding on socketed gouges suggests a later date within the type, probably implying a Ewart Park date for the gouge NMGWPA 2005.93.4, within Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950-750BC, though socketed gouges are known from the Wilburton phase.

The highly tentative parallel drawn between the blade fragment NMGWPA 2005.93.5 and the Acton Park hoard may present a slight possibility of an earlier association dating to the later Middle Bronze Age and of Acton 2 metalworking stage, corresponding to Needham's (ibid.) Period 5 and dated to c. 1500-1150BC. However, the blade may also plausibly represent the lower part of a tanged chisel, such as those seen in the Late Bronze Age hoards from Penwyllt, Powys, and Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No.284(9); No.288(3)). It is the Identifier's opinion that these complex dating issues may only be resolved through metallurgical analysis to identify the alloying group as outlined by Northover (1980).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,483.7,,,33.4,141,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Conwy,Conwy,Conwy,SH7575,,53.257235,-3.875258,NMGW-759FC0,,2005.93.2.jpg,"Late Bronze Age palstave, probably Type Guilsfield.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.93.2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78961.jpg
110705,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe of faceted form and of Type Gillespie (follow Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 191f.).



The axe is complete, although the blade edge has been lost and the axe has an overall length of 87.6mm and weighs 129.2g. The mouth is oval with an external width of 35.7mm and an external thickness of 33.2mm (internal - 27.8mm x 24.7mm). The socket has a depth of 74mm and becomes sub-rectangular in section c. 25mm from the mouth. The rim has been carefully finished and no evidence of the casting runner stubs survives. The pronounced flaring, trumpet-shaped mouth is 13mm deep. The separation of the mouth and face is defined by a rounded collar moulding, which is deeper on the mouth side to accentuate the flaring trumpet mouth. The loop begins at the collar moulding and has an external length of 21.3mm (11.6mm internal) and rises to a height of 10mm, with a width of 7.8mm. The casting seams are visible down both sides and have been neatly finished, particularly on the area between the blade and loop. The sides are straight before the blade, where the sides expand and are recurved, producing an expanded cutting edge. Beneath the collar moulding the axe has the hexagonally-faceted form. The faces are slightly convex and rounded. The blade is distinct and begins 15mm from the current edge. Sharpening striations are evident running along both sides of the blade. The axe has generally good surface survival with some damage to the blade. The axe has a patchy black patina and elsewhere has a pale to mid green patina.","This socketed axe is part of a hoard of five objects, found around 1975. The hoard consists of two palstaves (NMGW-632296; NMGW-759FC0), a socketed gouge (NMGW-75FE70) and a blade of an uncertain object (NMGW-7621D3).



This hoard can be fairly confidently dated to the Late Bronze Age, resolution within this time period however, is problematic and requires metallurgical analysis to resolve. The socketed axe (NMGWPA 2005.93.3) of Type Gillespie can be dated from late Wilburton to Ewart Park (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, pp 193), although Wilburton associations are known (ibid.).  The palstaves (NMGWPA 2005.93.1-2) are suggested as being of 'Guilsfield' type and suggest manufacture during the Wilburton metalworking industry. Wilburton metalworking corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 6 and is dated to c. 1150-950 BC. Savory (1980, pp 55) has suggested that a simple mouth mouldings on socketed gouges suggests a later date within the type, probably implying a Ewart Park date for the gouge NMGWPA 2005.93.4, within Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950-750BC.



The highly tentative parallel drawn between the blade fragment NMGWPA 2005.93.5 and the Acton Park hoard may present a slight possibility of an earlier association dating to the later Middle Bronze Age and of Acton 2 metalworking stage, corresponding to Needham's (ibid.) Period 5 and dated to c. 1500-1150BC. However, the blade may also plausibly represent the lower part of a tanged chisel, such as those seen in the Late Bronze Age hoards from Penwyllt, Powys, and Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No.284(9); No.288(3)). It is the Identifier's opinion that these complex dating issues may only be resolved through metallurgical analysis to identify the alloying group as outlined by Northover (1980).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,129.2,,,33.2,87.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Conwy,Conwy,Conwy,SH7575,,53.257235,-3.875258,NMGW-75C4F7,,2005.93.3.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe of faceted form and Type Gillespie.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.93.3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78964.jpg
110706,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed gouge.



The socketed gouge is near-complete and has broken in antiquity at the mouth. The gouge may be judged slender with a maximum external diameter at the mouth of 20.2mm (15.6mm internal). The gouge has an overall length of 86.0mm and weighs 46.0g. The mouth is simple and has no mouldings around it. The gouge has a subtle collar 12mm deep. The sides of the gouge are gently concave and converge towards the blade edge. The casting seams are high and have undergone minimal finishing. The gouge groove begins 31mm from the mouth. The blade edge has been lost and it is now unclear weather the blade originally expand at the sides. The blade has a width of 14mm. Sharpening striations are evident running off the blade edge (at 90 degrees) on the face and are angled (at approximately 45 degrees) on the rear of the blade. The gouge generally has good surface survival and has a black or pale green patina. Areas of active bronze corrosion are present at the mouth and on the blade. Savory (1980, pp 55) suggests that earliest socketed gouges such as those that occur in the Guilsfield hoard have multiple mouth mouldings, whereas later gouges tend to have a broad flat collar.","This gouge is part of a hoard of five objects, found around 1975. The hoard consists of two palstaves (NMGW-632296; NMGW-759FC0), a socketed axe (NMGW-75C4F7), and a blade of an uncertain object (NMGW-7621D3).



This hoard can be fairly confidently dated to the Late Bronze Age, resolution within this time period however, is problematic and requires metallurgical analysis to resolve.



David Coombs (1971, 251ff.; 2001, 288) presented a four category typology based on the shape and style of socketed gouges in south east England. This gouge might be most accurately placed within his Class I category, which is characterised by a plain collar and narrow blade. Classes of gouges are difficult to distinguish chronologically, but can be broadly dated to the Late Bronze Age, particularly the Wilburton-Ewart Park metalworking phases (c.1150-750 BC), though different forms continue in use into the Early Iron Age. Savory (1980, 55) has suggested that simple mouth mouldings on socketed gouges suggest a later date within the type, probably implying a Ewart Park date for the gouge, within Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950-750BC.



The palstaves (NMGW-632296; NMGW-759FC0) are suggested as being of 'Guilsfield' type and suggest manufacture during the Wilburton metalworking industry. Wilburton metalworking corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 6 and is dated to c. 1150-950 BC. The socketed axe (NMGWPA 2005.93.3) of Type Gillespie can be dated from late Wilburton to Ewart Park (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 193), although Wilburton associations are known (ibid.).



The highly tentative parallel drawn between the blade fragment NMGWPA 2005.93.5 and the Acton Park hoard may present a slight possibility of an earlier association dating to the later Middle Bronze Age and of Acton 2 metalworking stage, corresponding to Needham's (ibid.) Period 5 and dated to c. 1500-1150BC. However, the blade may also plausibly represent the lower part of a tanged chisel, such as those seen in the Late Bronze Age hoards from Penwyllt, Powys, and Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No.284(9); No.288(3)). It is the Identifier's opinion that these complex dating issues may only be resolved through metallurgical analysis to identify the alloying group as outlined by Northover (1980).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,46,,20.2,,86,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Conwy,Conwy,Conwy,SH7575,,53.257235,-3.875258,NMGW-75FE70,,2005.93.4.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed gouge.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.93.4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78965.jpg
110707,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy blade fragment from an uncertain artefact.



The implement is incomplete and has broken in antiquity before the blade and has a surviving length of 54.6mm. The piece has been cast in a simple one-piece mould and has undergone no further finishing. At the break the piece has a width of 16.4mm. The sides are curved and diverge sharply to define an expanded blade with a crescentic edge. The implement is flat with a thickness at the break of 4.2mm and 3.2mm at the blade, and weighs 40.1g. Both faces are irregular as would be expected, given that the piece is from the mould. The upper face has a general silver colour, probably because of tin surface enrichment but also has patches of a pale to mid green patina. The underside has a general pale green patina. The implement is an unusual constituent within an assemblage, not least because it has undergone no finishing and may be seen as coming straight from the mould.



A parallel for the piece is from the Acton Park (Wrexham) hoard, where an unusual implement interpreted as a possible chisel was found associated with primary shield pattern palstaves (Savory 1980, No.262 (7), Fig.30). The Acton Park chisel is of similar blade dimensions, is also 'as cast', is flat and has a wide expanded blade. The Acton Park piece however is complete and has flanged sides, since this item has broken before the position of the flanges any identification is speculative. Alternatively, and perhaps more plausibly, this might represent a broken blade of a later tanged chisel, broken below any tang or collar. Tanged chisels are known from a variety of Late Bronze Age contexts such as the hoards from Penwyllt, Powys, and Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No.284(9); No.288(3)).","This object is part of a hoard of five objects, found around 1975. The hoard consists of another two palstaves (NMGW-632296; NMGW-759FC0), a socketed axe (NMGW-75C4F7) and a socketed gouge (NMGW-75FE70).



This hoard can be fairly confidently dated to the Late Bronze Age, resolution within this time period however, is problematic and requires metallurgical analysis to resolve. The palstaves (NMGWPA 2005.93.1-2) are suggested as being of 'Guilsfield' type and suggest manufacture during the Wilburton metalworking industry. Wilburton metalworking corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 6 and is dated to c. 1150-950 BC. The socketed axe (NMGWPA 2005.93.3) of Type Gillespie can be dated from late Wilburton to Ewart Park (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, pp 193), although Wilburton associations are known (ibid.). Savory (1980, pp 55) has suggested that simple mouth mouldings on socketed gouges suggest a later date within the type, probably implying a Ewart Park date for the gouge NMGWPA 2005.93.4, within Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950-750BC.



It is the Identifier's opinion that these complex dating issues may only be resolved through metallurgical analysis to identify the alloying group as outlined by Northover (1980).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,40.1,,,4.2,54.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Conwy,Conwy,Conwy,SH7575,,53.257235,-3.875258,NMGW-7621D3,,2005.93.5.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment from an uncertain artefact.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.93.5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78966.jpg
110725,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"Medial fragment from a Bronze Age copper alloy palstave.



The fragment has broken in antiquity and has a surviving length of 74.6mm and weighs 139.8g. The fragment encompasses the upper end of the blade, the stop and the majority of the septum. The septum has a surviving length of 45mm and is broken at an angle. It is possible that the position at the end of the septum is the butt of the palstave, although this can not be demonstrated. The septum is comparatively flat and has a thickness of 6-7mm. Both of the sides are straight for the length of the fragment. The flanges are eroded, but are unlikely to have arched any higher than the maximum thickness at the stop, which is 23.2mm. No loop or remnants are evident on the sides and the casting flashes are no longer visible. The stops are straight and right-angled to the flanges. One of the stops has a large aperture (12mm wide and 13mm deep) as a result of casting problems. The stop is raised above the level of the blade and slopes down to the blade. No decoration is evident on the blade, although one face suggests some hollowing below the stop. The blade side is rounded across its depth. None of the original surface survives on the palstave, which is heavily pitted and has a pale to mid-green patina.","Any identification of type is tentative because of the fragmentary and eroded nature of the axe. However, it seems likely that the palstave is unlooped and the arrangement of the flanges may indicate a palstave of 'Low-Flanged' type (Group III palstave), which can be ascribed to the Taunton-Cemmaes metalworking stage, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 5, c. 1500 - 1200BC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,139.8,,,23.2,74.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Spittal,SM9822,,51.859925,-4.934915,NMGW-774626,,2005.94.jpg,"Medial fragment from a Bronze Age palstave, probably 'Low-Flanged' type (Group III palstave), Taunton-Cemmaes metalworking stage or Needham's Period 5, c. 1500-1200 BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.94.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/79458.jpg
110774,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"
Six fragments of a copper alloy spear head dating to the Bronze Age.



Attachment end is hemispherical in section, central rib running along centre of spear, lentoidal in section and hollow at centre. Bevelled edges still sharp. Dark green patina with blue patches. Wings of spear head triangular in section, flare and then return to haft.
","
Description made from memory after being shown spear very quickly at metal detecting meeting.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,,SE4071,From finder,54.133297,-1.389327,NCL-7AD516,,,,,,,
111001,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2100,-1500,"Large, heavily corroded Early Bronze Age flat axehead. It is ver broad and has a gently curved blade. Due to corrosion, no signs of wear or re-sharpenings can be made out. The butt and sides are very corroded as well, but there are certainly no traces of flanges - thus making it one of the earliest cu-alloy flat axes from the Early Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,0.9,13,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Cumbria,Eden,Long Marton,NY6723,From a paper map,54.60108861,-2.51232565,LANCUM-CBA703,,KMDPABramptonAreaFlatAxe1ab.jpg,"Flat Axe, 2200-1400BC",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/KMDPABramptonAreaFlatAxe1ab.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/79826.jpg
111085,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1000,"A butt fragment from a middle Bronze Age palstave axe. The fragment is triangular in section. A ridge to either side of the edge on both faces of the artefact begins to form shortly before the break. This is the beginning of the pocket into which the split end of the haft could be fitted. The remains of the axehead are 31 mm long and 27 mm wide. It is 8.8 mm thick at the widest end and 4.8 thick at the thinnest. The palstave axe was introduced in Britain shortly after its development in Europe in the mid 2nd millennium BC. They were in use in Britain until around 1000 BC. Complete examples are illustrated in Langmaid (1976, 45; 13).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,40.2,,,8.8,31,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Norton,SP5863,From finder,52.262115,-1.151607,NARC-D0AB16,,NARC-D0AB16palstaveaxerev.jpg,Fragment from a Middle Bronze Age Palstave Axe,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-D0AB16palstaveaxerev.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/80442.jpg
111321,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Blade fragment from a Late Bronze age copper alloy socketed axe, probably of Ewart Park metalworking, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 6, c. 950-750BC.



The axe has a surviving height of 43.8mm and has a width at the break of 40.6mm. The body has rounded sides, producing an oval body profile. The sides are straight and divergent towards an expanded blade. The casting seams are no longer evident on the sides. The blade tips have been lost and the blade has a surviving length of 47.5mm. The blade edge has been lost, but the blade has an uneven curvature suggesting greater use-wear on one area of the blade (with the shorter side). Axes tend to have greater blade wear on the looped side. No ribs are discernible on the surviving faces. The socket has a maximum surviving depth of 24.6mm. The axe has a maximum thickness at the break of 21.3mm and weighs 86.0g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,86,,,21.3,43.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanover,SO3508,,51.766888,-2.943324,NMGW-F48146,,2005.110.1.jpg,"Blade fragment from a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, probably Ewart Park, Needham's Period 6, c. 950-750BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.110.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/78948.jpg
111995,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Early Bronze Age copper alloy flanged axe, 76mm long and 38mm wide. The axe is in a fair condition, having patches of surface intact but also suffering from Bronze disease, and weighs 77grams. The object is symmetrical from each side and consists of a rounded blade, 36mm wide. From here the shaft tapers inwards until it is 23mm wide. From this point the axe is rectangular in form and tapers outwards in thickness from 7mm to 11mm wide. 30mm from its other edge it begins to taper inwards until it is 4mm thick at its tip. The rectangular shaped portion of the axe has raised flanges on each side, with one side more prounounced.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-10-27T23:00:00Z,,,,77,,,11,76,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Great Oxendon,SP7385,From finder,52.458081,-0.927086,LEIC-772435,,772435.JPG,772435 early bronze age flanged axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/772435.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/81061.jpg
112611,Vessel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1150,1500,"Rim fragment of cu-alloy sheet vessel, possibly a bowl. The date is difficult to determine because riveted bronze sheet vessels have been known since the Late Bronze Age and Norfolk is rich in Bronze Age metalwork. However, the vessel could also date from the IA, Roman or Medieval Ages. The rim of the vessel was made from two layers of bronze sheet, held together by rivets, two of which are still in place. The double layer of sheet metal around the rim probably served as enforcement. A parallel for this piece comes from the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age settlement of Potterne, Wilts. (Lawson, A. 2000)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,7.78,,,3,38,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Sisland,TM3498,From a paper map,52.529572,1.448426,LANCUM-F48CD6,,BiFSGSislandVesselFrgm1abc.jpg,"Sisland, Norfolk: Frgm. of cu-alloy vessel",LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/BiFSGSislandVesselFrgm1abc.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/81837.jpg
112638,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A very worn fragment of a small Late Bronze Age socketed axe. Only a small section of the blade end survives.  The sides and blade are straight, and the corners are rounded. ",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,35.05,,,,94.93,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Breamore,SU1517,From a paper map,50.95224,-1.78783,HAMP-F4BEA7,,BA Axe.tif,Socketed axe fragment,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwill2/BA Axe.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/80714.jpg
112647,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Four joining fragments of a Bronze Age dagger, probably of Type Keelogue. The dagger is undecorated and although the upper part with the rivet holes is broken off, it seems that the (organic) hilt was only attached with two large rivet, both of which are also missing. The blade of the dagger is undecorated, but has one central rib. Daggers of Type Keelogue are part of the Acton Park metalwork industry of the British Isles, dating to the Middle Bronze Age approximately 1500-1300BC and were in use in Ireland, lowland and western Scotland and northern England (Burgess and Gerloff 1981, plates 19-23; 119 The dirks and rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland. Praehistorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung IV, Band 7. Muenchen.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,2,119,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Austwick,SD7668,From a paper map,54.107317,-2.368564,LANCUM-F4E371,,LVKHAustwickDagger1ab.jpg,"Austwick, Yorks.: Bronze Age dagger",LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/LVKHAustwickDagger1ab.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/81849.jpg
113356,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper socketed axe, dating from between 1150-700BC.



The axe is represented by the blade fragment and has a maximum surviving length of 58.0mm and weighs 111.2g. The axe has broken near the bottom of the socket, with a surviving socket depth of between 9.3 and 23.8mm. At the break the axe has a width of 39.7mm and a thickness of 17.4mm. The blade has a surviving width of 41.4mm, although blade tips may have been lost. The sides are straight and a little rounded across their width (possibly exaggerated by surface erosion). The position of the casting seams are discernible on the sides and would have been prominent on the original surface. The faces of the axe are slightly rounded and no evidence of ribs survives. The blade is also rounded. The axe has poor surface preservation and currently has a pale green colour.","The straight sides and rectangular profile of the axe may suggest the axe is of South Wales (or Stoggursey) Type, belonging to the Ewart Park metalworking tradition and would suggest a date for the axe of 950 - 750BC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,111.2,,,17.4,58,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Caerphilly,Caerphilly,Gelligaer,ST1196,,51.655716,-3.287959,NMGW-9C9FF7,,2005.128.1.jpg,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age socketed axe, c. 1150-750 BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.128.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/80582.jpg
113362,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age. The axe is wedge shaped with an expanded blade. The axe has a dark green to brown patina and is corroded in places. It measures 57mm in length. The socket has a width of 28mm, the blade 40mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,57,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Shudy Camps,TL6144,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.070967,0.347605,CAM-9CB1E3,,CAM_9CB1E3.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjw/CAM_9CB1E3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/83026.jpg
113624,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged and collared chisel, c. 1150 - 700 BC.



The chisel is complete except for the missing blade edge and has an overall length of 85.5mm and weighs 23.1g. The tang (48mm length) is of square section, which diverges towards the prominent shoulder moulding or 'collar'. At the collar the chisel has a width of 12.3mm, thickness of 8.8mm. The collar moulding has a length of 6mm, converges towards the blade and appears to be slightly concave along its length. The sides of the blade are concave producing an expanded blade edge with a surviving width of 28.2mm. The chisel has a mid-brown patina with some surface survival. Some surface striations are evident on one face and running at an angle across the blade, it is unclear whether the striations are the result of sharpening.","Tanged and collared chisels typically date from the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (Llyn Fawr period). An example dating to the Wilburton/Wallington phase is known from Doncaster, Yorkshire (Burgess 1968, 19, fig 7,2; Burgess, Coombs and Davies, 1972, 217), though the main currency is during the Ewart Park phase (c.900-700 BC) into the subsequent Llyn Fawr period (c.700-600 BC).



Tanged and collared chisels have a broad distribution across northern France, Britain and Ireland (see Coffyn et al. 1981, 202-203, Carte 7), though there are relatively few examples from western England and Wales. A very similar example with a thick collar and triangular blade can be seen in the large Ewart Park phase Nottingham Hill hoard, Gloucestershire (Gingell 1974, 308, fig 4,22), as well as a single find from Leigh Woods, Bristol (MacGregor 1987, 109, 11.65). Another example was found at Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No 288.3) associated with a socketed gouge and a fragmentary Hallstatt 'C' sword.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,23.1,,,8.8,85.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Newport,Newport,Coedkernew,ST2684,,51.550017,-3.068632,NMGW-B23071,,2005.130.1.jpg,"Late Bronze Age tanged chisel, c. 1150-700 BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.130.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/80584.jpg
113852,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2000,1499,"Approximately half on an unidentified object.  The object is plano-convex, solid and an oval shape in plan.  There is an hour-glass shaped hole through the centre of the object where it is currently broken.  The convex surface is covered in tight rows of linear marks which could be the result of filing, or perhaps the mirror image of the mould it was cast in.  The object looks like a miniature verson of a polished stone prehistoric macehead.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.1,,,10,35,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Wellingore,SK9754,From a paper map,53.074433,-0.553581,LIN-C993C4,,LIN3533.jpg,Unidentified object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN3533.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/82829.jpg
113880,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A fragment of the blade of a copper alloy socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age. The axe is wedge shaped with a much expanded blade. The surface of the axe has a dark green to black patina and is very corroded and pitted. It measures 26mm in length. The socket has a width of 27mm, the blade 40mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,26,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Meldreth,TL3746,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.095389,-0.001506,CAM-CAF566,,,,,,,
113913,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2150,1800,"Copper alloy casting residue.  Ripple marks on the obverse suggest that it is casting waste.
Probably Post-Medieval but could be earlier.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,20.21,,,4,46,1,Lisa Keys,Lisa Keys,North West,Lancashire,Preston,Town Centre,SD5428,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.746332,-2.698989,LANCUM-DBD9F6,,MoLJFLancashirebronze1ab.jpg,Casting residue,LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lkeys/MoLJFLancashirebronze1ab.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/83175.jpg
114127,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-700,"
Fragment of a socketed axe. The axe has a flared blade amd a hollow, rectangular sectioned body. The surface has an extensive dark brown patina. The breaks are all old and patinated.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,33.58,,,10,51,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Wellingore,SK9754,From a paper map,53.074433,-0.553581,LIN-1A5B85,,LIN3541.jpg,Bronze age axe blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN3541.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/82835.jpg
114335,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Complete bronze socketed hammer, with rectangular faces. It is worn to form a rounded edge on one side and this surface is heavily worn and missing most of its original surface.  The body of the hammer which is 19.1mm long, 15.4-19.5mm wide, is rectangular in section, widening gradually towards the socket end. At the mouth, the hammer expands more sharply widening to form a square socket with a width of 24.4mm). There is a single undecorated mouth moulding. The surface of the body of the hammer is quite corroded and although it retains much of its patina there are small patches of pale green corrosive products. The hammer weighs 118g.",Socketed hammers date from the Middle to Late Bronze Age and are very rare finds.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,118,,,4.6,71.1,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,,SU6753,From a paper map,51.27222,-1.040942,HAMP-1F3730,,Hammer.tif,Hammer,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwill2/Hammer.tif,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/80780.jpg
114349,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,A fragment of a copper alloy socketed axehead dating to the Bronze Age. The fragment is wedge shaped with a curved blade. The hollow socket is visible. The axe is very corroded with a dark green to grey patina and its original surface is only visible in places. The fragment measures 21mm in length and 38mm in width.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,21,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Willingham,TL3870,From finder,52.310776,0.022852,CAM-1F6682,,CAM_1F6682.jpg,Bronze age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjw/CAM_1F6682.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/88203.jpg
114469,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,The tip of a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-07-02T23:00:00Z,,,,36.9,,,,30,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Horne,TQ3442,From a paper map,51.161564,-0.085038,SUR-333BC8,,05.360b.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.360b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/83601.jpg
116614,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1201,"Fragment of Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead, consisting of the tip of the butt end. It is a narrow 17mm in width at the very end, which is also damaged. Its maximum thickness is 10.5mm.
It widens over 23mm to 20.5mm wide at the ancient break. There are casting flashes worn down but not completely at the sides, sloping on both sides off centre towards the same side. Oval indentations on both sides below the butt accentuate the wings, just beginning.
The patina is very dark green/ black and shiny. The fragment weighs 14.96g.
The narrowness of the butt end suggest this is more a Middle Bronze Age palstave than the more square types which overlap into the beginning of the Late Bronze Age.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-27T23:00:00Z,,,,14.96,,,10.5,23,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Easton,SU2060,From a paper map,51.338741,-1.714275,WILT-865AE4,,PHaxe.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave axe fragment,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/PHaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/85683.jpg
116891,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a Bronze Age blade, probably from near the tip end of a sword.  The blade fragment is 55mm in length, 11mm in width, and is lozenge shaped in cross-section.  All surfaces including the breaks are heavily covered with a mid-brown patination.  The blade fragment tapers in plan and is slightly bowed in profile.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,55,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Branston and Mere,TF0568,From a paper map,53.198721,-0.429635,LIN-EA37C2,,LIN3721.jpg,Bronze Age sword blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN3721.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/86098.jpg
116956,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1150,"Bronze age copper alloy axe fragment, possibly a flanged axe, 37mm long, 27mm wide and 11mm thick. The object is in good condition with a dark green/brown patina and weighs 51.99 grams. It tapers slightly in thickness and each side has slight traces of the start of a lipped edge. The original surface is very fine and in good condition and the breaks appear to be old.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-12-12T00:00:00Z,,,,51.99,,,11,37,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Hoby with Rotherby,SK6519,From a paper map,52.764699,-1.038131,LEIC-ED54C1,,ED54C1.JPG,ED54C1 bronze age axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/ED54C1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/86767.jpg
117674,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"A fragment of cast bronze axe. The fragment consists of the cutting edge and a small portion of the lower blade of a Mid - Late Bronze Age axe or palstave (1500 - 800 BC). The fragment is D or crescent shaped in plan with a curved convex cutting edge. In section the axe fragment is sub-triangular. The convex cutting edge of the axe fragment, although pitted through corrosion and slightly abraded by the soil, is worn and shows areas of possible sharpening. There is little evidence for the sides tapering inwards above the cutting edge. This is due to a large lateral break which has removed this part of the blade from the rest of the axe-head. This break seems to have occurred relatively recently as the edges are fresh, jagged and show no evidence of abrasion. The area of the break is heavily pitted with small hollows which may have weakened the structure of the blade at this point. The fragment of axe is a dark mid-green brown colour with an even but corroded patina. There are a number of patches of light green powdery (active) corrosion and areas of corrosive pitting present. The area around the break is a mid orange colour; this may be due to the burial conditions or the presence of iron objects in the plough soil. The fragment measures 59.2mm width, 18.7mm length, and is 7.7mm thick. It weighs 21.6 grams. It is very difficult with such a small fragment of metalwork to tell which type of axe it is from; it is most likely to be from either a palstave of Middle Bronze Age (1500-1150 BC) date or a socketed axe of the Late Bronze Age (1150–800BC).",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-10-06T23:00:00Z,,,,21.6,,,7.7,59.2,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Bayston Hill,SJ5109,From finder,52.676474,-2.726155,HESH-A938D2,,HESH-A938D2 illustration.jpg,Bronze Age Axe - Blade fragment,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/preavill/HESH-A938D2 illustration.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/89091.jpg
117781,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,-2150,-1900,"
Copper alloy casting waste suffering from bronze disease. Waste product from manufacturing process.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,155.37,,,18,61,1,Lisa Keys,Lisa Keys,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Sisland,TM3498,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.529572,1.448426,LANCUM-A57766,,LVSGsislandcastingresidue1ab.jpg,Bronze Age to Modern Casting Waste (front and back),LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lkeys/LVSGsislandcastingresidue1ab.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/87855.jpg
117782,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,-2150,-1900,"
Copper alloy casting waste. Irregularly shaped. This is a waste product of a manufacturing process although date cannot be determined. Covered in green patina and shows evidence of iron content due to red-orange rust.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,13.48,,,9,22,1,Lisa Keys,Lisa Keys,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Sisland,TM3498,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.529572,1.448426,LANCUM-A5AD22,,LVSGsislandcastingresidue2ab.jpg,Bronze Age to Modern Casting Residue (front and back),LCC,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lkeys/LVSGsislandcastingresidue2ab.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/87856.jpg
117844,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Mouth fragment of Late Bronze Age axehead with rib decoration (at least three). It measures 25.40 x 26.23 x 4.23mm and weighs 11.29g.
The fragment is curving in profile and comprises part of the face and part of the side of a round-mouthed socketed axehead. The surface is rather silvery in appearance suggesting an inclusion of tin in the bronze. At the side the lip is no more than a wide rib, but above the face it projects 5.4mm. The break runs across the ribs so it is impossible to tell whether they ended in pellets. The break is rather jagged in places and ancient.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-11-14T00:00:00Z,,,,11.29,,,4.23,25.4,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Pitton and Farley,SU2131,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.077943,-1.701608,WILT-BB7A96,,DMjan06BA.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/DMjan06BA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/87962.jpg
117982,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1275,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy looped palstave probably dating to c. 1400-1275 BC.



The palstave is complete and has an overall length of 124.85mm. The butt is straight, with a width of 19.76mm and is comparatively thick with a thickness of 5.6mm. The sides are straight and parallel as far as the blade and have a width of 22.7mm. Casting seams are evident on both sides and have been finished. The loop is intact and is a little irregular with a length of 22.32mm (4.72mm internal), a height of 8.30mm and a thickness of 7.49mm. The flanges begin from the septum, before the butt and reach their maximum height (25.94mm) a little before the stop. The septum is concave and has a maximum length of 49mm. The stops are undercut and are straight with rounded corners. The stops have an internal width of 16.3mm (22mm width at the stop) and are 11.7mm high. The stops are raised (5-6mm) above the level of the blade. The blade sides are gradually divergent to the position of the blade facet, where they out-turn to produce a moderately expanded blade with a surviving width of 54.57mm (damage to blade tips). The blade facets begin 11mm from the curving blade edge. The blade is decorated with a high and prominent mid-rib, flanked on each side by a weaker and shorter curving rib. The palstave weighs 273.7g. The surface of the palstave is generally poorly preserved and has been lost on one face. Where the surface survives, the bronze has a black patina, elsewhere the bronze is pale green.","The palstave is a Low-flanged (broad-blade), Group III palstave, probably a variant of either Type Sleaford or Type Carleton, with flanges which begin from the septum and curve to their highest point before the stop. The blade sides are curved to an expanded blade, with uncertain blade tip treatment. The decoration on the face is unusual where the mid-rib is flanked by weaker curving ribs, which may be considered to be a variant of the flange extensions, common on Type Sleaford. 'Low Flanged' palstaves belong to Taunton metalworking stage (1400-1275 cal. BC; Needham et al. 1997), corresponding to Cemmaes metalworking in Wales. Taunton metalwork falls within Needham's (1996) Period 5, dated to 1,500 - 1,150BC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,273.7,,,,124.85,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llantwit Major,SS9868,GPS (from the finder),51.401828,-3.467704,NMGW-CF16C3,,2005.140.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age Low-flanged, Group III Looped Palstave.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.140.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/87930.jpg
118122,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"A terminal fragment of a Late Bronze Age gold bracelet. It has a surviving length of 38.95mm, probably representing approximately one third of the original length. The 'buffer' terminal is flat and circular with a diameter of 9.66mm to 10.30mm and has a length of 5mm. The bracelet fragment has a minimum width beneath the flaring terminal of 5.79mm. The terminal displays numerous facets, presumably resulting from forging the circular-sectioned terminal. The sides of the bracelet are straight and diverge to the break where the bracelet is comparatively wide for the type at 12.56mm. The bracelet sides are 'worked-up' to form low flanges or lips on both faces with a thickness of 1.51mm (at the break) to 3mm (near the terminal) and are slightly faceted across their thickness. These flanges remain sharp and prominent on the exterior face, but appear lower on the interior of the bracelet, possibly as a result of wear. The 'ribbon' faces have been hammered flat and are plain, with a thickness of 1.1mm at the break and thickening towards the terminal. The break appears to be deliberate and may have been cut and torn to separate; cracks resulting from metal stress are evident near the break. Two incised and roughly parallel lines on the terminal may be contemporary with the use or production of the bracelet. The bracelet fragment has a weight of 10.90g.



Non-destructive semi-quantitative SEM-EDX analysis was carried out by Mary Davis. Five areas on the bracelet were tested; the results varied considerably, depending on the level of wear, damage or scraping beneath the tested area. The gold composition varied between 78% - 97%, silver 2% - 14% and copper 1% - 8%. The scraped and damaged areas show a general composition consistent with similar material from Wales (Taylor (1980); Aldhouse-Green & Northover (1996)) and from Late Bronze Age bracelets from England analysed by Hook & Needham (1989). The depletion of silver and copper on the smooth and worn areas demonstrates a similar effect to other recently analysed prehistoric jewellery thought to have been in contact with the skin, which differs drastically to the analysis of protected and recessed areas on the same artefact.","This form of bracelet has been recognised by Taylor (1984) as a type, which she has termed the 'Potterne Type', after a similar bracelet found at Potterne, Wiltshire. The form corresponds to Hook and Needham's (1989) Class B1 bracelet (which may or may not have the flanges). Hook and Needham list 21 examples of Class B1 and related bracelets from Britain and Europe, with a clear concentration of the type in southern England and with a band stretching across north Wales and Cheshire. This example represents the first recorded example from south Wales.



The parallel from Potterne is of very similar form but is slightly more slender with a maximum width of 8.25mm. Other examples of the Potterne type have been found at Llanarmon-yn-Iân in Denbighshire (Green 1984) where a heavily worn bracelet with smaller terminals but of the same type was found with other gold items (a bracelet, an ingot and a link) and deposited within the socket of a faceted axe of type Gillespie. Excavations at Brean Down, Somerset revealed an associated pair of Potterne Type bracelets and possibly a small fragment from a third. The Brean Down examples are also more slender with maximum widths of 8.2 and 9.2mm. The dating of this bracelet type can be confidently placed in the Ewart Park period of the Late Bronze Age, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7 and dated to 950 - 750BC. The Llanarmon-yn-Iân bracelet was associated with a faceted axe of Ewart Park date, the Potterne find is thought to have been associated with the settlement rather than the midden with a suggested date in the mid 8th century BC. The Brean Down finds may be slightly earlier with a proposed date within the 10th - 9th centuries BC (Bell, 1990 pp71, 108).",3,Gold,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,10.9,,,3,38.95,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Cowbridge with Llanblethian,ST0074,,51.456117,-3.440658,NMGW-E48854,,2005.147.jpg,Late Bronze Age Potterne Bracelet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.147.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/87958.jpg
118203,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1950,-1700,"Incomplete Early Bronze Age bronze developed flat axe (or flanged axe), probably of Class 4E (following Needham forthcoming), corresponding with Schmidt and Burgess' (1981) type Bandon and with Type Derryniggin (Harbison 1969) in Ireland. Axes of these types date towards the end of the Early Bronze Age: Needham's (1996) Period 3 c.1950 - 1700 BC/Needham et al.'s (1997) Willerby phase.



The axehead is eroded with very little of the original surface surviving, making it difficult to determine whether the axe is broken or complete. The axe is now comparatively small with an overall surviving length of 66.13mm. The butt is likely to be damaged with a thickness of 7.5mm. The axe has a width of 18.66mm at the butt, which is concave. The sides are convex across their thickness with a maximum thickness (on the blade) of 11.01mm. The sides are fairly straight and slightly divergent before the blade facet, after which they expand sharply to produce a moderately expanded and curved blade edge with a width of 44.45mm. The axe thickens to a point approximately 16mm from the butt, where there is the suggestion of a poorly preserved median bevel, if correct, then this would suggest the axe has lost the butt end. The axe has a width of 19.92mm at the proposed median bevel. The face edges are now eroded but were raised. The blade facet is evident, approximately 20mm from the blade edge. The axe has poor surface preservation and is heavily pitted with a mid green to pale brown patina. The axe currently weighs 98.9g.","The axe can be paralleled with a number of similar axes. Within the National Museum of Wales' collections similar examples have been found at Margam, Port Talbot (Savory 1980, No. 122) and Breach Farm, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, No. 338) associated with a cremation burial recently radiocarbon dated to c.1750-1600 BC.



Class 4E axes are widely distributed across Britain. In Wales, approximately 13 certain or probable Class 4E axes are currently known. Several are decorated (e.g. Llanbradig, Isle of Anglesey NMGW-6152E8), but the majority are undecorated. Comparable examples have been found at Llandow, Vale of Glamorgan, (NMGW-FDBB88) and Caerwys, Flintshire (Green 1985, 275, Fig.1).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,98.9,,,11.01,66.13,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Caerphilly,Caerphilly,Nelson,,,,,NMGW-E6DCD2,,2005.154.jpg,Early Bronze Age Developed Flat or Flanged Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.154.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/88036.jpg
118227,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1950,-1750,"
A flat axe dating to the Early Bronze Age. The axe has a stop bevel and a narrow blade as well as slight traces of side flanges. The butt end is missing. The condition is poor with a rough surface.


","The axe dates to the Willerby stage of the Early Bronze Age and is contemporary with Wessex 1 graves. It is a significant find, particularly from a Wealden context.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,62,,,8.5,58.5,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,Horley,TQ2744,From a paper map,51.181135,-0.184385,SUR-E8E287,,05.844c.jpg,"Early Bronze Age flat axe, side view",Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.844c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/88368.jpg
118461,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A fragment from a Bronze age dagger or rapier. The tip is tongue shaped and lozenge-shaped in cross-section. Both faces of the tip have a slight rib running down the centre. The tip is worn around the edges and has a brown patina over a light green surface. The length of the fragment is 33.4mm, the maximum width is 16.8mm, the thickness is 2.9mm and the weight is 6.14g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,6.14,,,2.9,33.4,1,Lisa Staves,Lisa Staves,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Brigg,TA0107,From finder,53.549927,-0.47704,NLM-37CAE2,,NLM09970.jpg,Bronze age dagger fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lstaves/NLM09970.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/88613.jpg
118518,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-800,"Possibly a fragment from Bronze Age socketed axehead. The body fragment is slightly convex in cross-section and worn along the edges. There are two surviving mouldings; one is thicker than the other. The length is 33.6mm, the width is 19.7mm and the weight is 8.19g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-17T23:00:00Z,,,,8.19,,,,33.6,1,Lisa Staves,Lisa Staves,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9216,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.63245,-0.610184,NLM-3AB7B8,,NLM09975.jpg,Possible Bronze Age socketed axehead,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lstaves/NLM09975.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/88647.jpg
118580,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"Cast copper alloy blade fragment, length 39mm, width 33mm, thickness 4mm, weight 13.3g.  this fragment has a lozenge shaped cross section, with the middle gradually narrowing towards a blade on either side.  The artefact gently narrows the forward end.  The surface has a dark green colour and is heavily pitted from corrosion.  The forward and reverse end are truncated, these are breaks old and worn.  This maybe from the tip of a rapier, or more likely the tip of a dagger.  Date is Middle to Late Bronze Age 1500-800BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.3,,,4,39,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Stroud,Standish,,,,,GLO-3E5971,,Bronze Age blade side.JPG,Bronze Age blade side.JPG,Bristol City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/Bronze Age blade side.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/88847.jpg
119386,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe, probably dated to the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, c. 950 - 750BC.



The axe is incomplete and is missing the mouth and much of one face. The axe may be judged a small example with a maximum surviving length of 66.00mm and has a width of 32.05mm beneath the loop. The socket has a maximum surviving depth of 50.76mm and has the suggestion of an internal rib on the looped side, ending 23.8mm from the base of the socket. The axe has broken across the loop, which is comparatively substantial with a width of 9.21mm. The sides are slightly concave and the casting seams are evident on both sides, which appear neatly finished. At the blade, the sides out-turn gently to produce a moderately expanded and curved blade edge with a surviving width of 40.45mm. The axe has a sub-rectangular body profile. No decoration is now evident on the face. The incomplete axe weighs 69.6g and has poor surface preservation, with only very small islands of the original surface surviving with a dark green patina.","Although few diagnostic features survive, the axe may be confidently ascribed to the Ewart Park metalworking phase of the Late Bronze Age, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950 - 750BC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,69.6,,,,66,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Powys,Powys,Welshpool,SJ1109,,52.671373,-3.31763,NMGW-E18632,,2005.166.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.166.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/88824.jpg
119390,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-850,-700,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age Ewart Park type sword hilt.  The hilt plate is roughly rectangular and is narrowed before the worn and damaged fantail-like terminal.  At the other end it survives up to the third rivet aperture.  The break runs through the aperture and all surfaces of the break are well patinated and worn.  There are two longitudinal channels running along either face, giving the object an undulating cross-section.  The bronze is well worn and now a dusty green colour with extensive patches of brown patina.  This brown patina almost covers one side whereas on the other side it only covers approximately 50%.

Similar finds from Lincolnshire come from Tattershall, Lincoln and Billinghay (Davey, 1973, fig 43).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,60,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Walcot Near Folkingham,TF0435,From a paper map,52.902386,-0.455239,LIN-E19555,,LIN-E19555.JPG,Late Bronze Age copper alloy 'Ewart Park' type sword handle,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN-E19555.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/104035.jpg
119425,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,"
The tip of a Bronze Age spearhead of uncertain original form.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,11,,,,30,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Crondall,SU7848,From a paper map,51.225872,-0.884375,SUR-E32613,,05.604.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.604.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/89097.jpg
119714,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,A blade fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date. The expanded cutting edge is 59.23mm in width from blade tip to blade tip and the blade edge is corrosion chipped. The fragment is 32.63mm in length and at its widest point it measures 14.75mm thick and it weighs 89.96g. The beginnings of the hollow socket are just visible at the break.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-04-10T23:00:00Z,,,,89.96,,,14.75,59.23,1,Naomi Payne,Naomi Payne,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Compton Abbas,ST8618,From finder,50.961251,-2.200718,SOMDOR-F9B3B8,,F9B3B8.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/npayne/F9B3B8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/89825.jpg
120412,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,Copper alloy awl of uncertain date The awl has a length of 61.60mm and is composed of a tang and point. The tang (28.2mm long) is of square to rectangular section and tapers to a point. The point (33.4mm long) is of circular section (5.63mm maximum diameter) with straight sides converging to the point. There is no collar or flange between the tang and point. The awl has generally good surface preservation with a dark brown patina. Abrasion marks are discernible at the top of the point.,"The awl is not diagnostic, but copper alloy awls have been recorded from the Late Bronze Age (Butler 1988), with several examples known with a square-section tang and round-section point (e.g. Otterhampton, Somerset - SOMDOR-E51C44; and Tarrant Rawston, Dorset - DOR-6DF7F6).



Examples of similar form, made of iron have been found in Iron Age (Museum of London Accession Number LBL5.3b) and Roman period contexts (see Manning 1985 pp39-41). Medieval period awls often have a collar between the blade and tang (Ottaway & Rogers, 2002, pp 2728-30). The deep patina on this example suggests the awl is of some age.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,5.63,,61.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Luckington,,,,,NMGW-794BF4,,2005.175.1.jpg,Awl (uncertain date),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.175.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/89721.jpg
120569,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,UNKNOWN,-2500,-800,"Unidentified copper alloy/ bronze object, oval in shape with a crescentic cut at one end. It measures 49.6x40x7.3mm and weighs 48.13g. The surfaces are bumpy and all original patina has been lost. The metal is a rich orangey brown in colour, not dissimilar to the colour of some Bronze Age metal work. Where this brown has been worn away the metal beneath is bluey green. The crescentic cut seems intentional and appears to have a smooth, worn edge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-11-24T00:00:00Z,,,,48.13,,,7.3,49.6,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Mottisfont,SU3124,From finder,51.014548,-1.559462,WILT-8F8186,,BrownJanUnid.jpg,Unidentified object,Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/BrownJanUnid.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/90656.jpg
120603,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A cast copper alloy tanged knife of late Bronze Age date. The knife measures 141.15mm in length, 21.87mm in maximum width and 3.9mm in maximum depth. It weighs 49.87g. It has a rounded tip and widens only slightly along the length of the blade. It then narrows to the damaged tang, which is 16.18mm wide at this point and narrows to 14.22mm. The length of the tang is about 22.5mm. The object's mid olive green patina is patchy and much of the surface has flaked off. Similar knives have been found at Maesbury Camp, near Wells in Somerset and at Bilbury Rings in Wiltshire. The Maesbury Camp example is slightly wider and longer (Pearce 1983, volume ii, pp. 511 and 634, plate 73, no. 644) and the Bilbury Rings example is shorter at 115mm (Moore and Rowlands 1972, p. 66, plate XVI, no. 89).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-12-20T00:00:00Z,,,,49.87,,,3.9,141.15,1,Naomi Payne,Naomi Payne,South West,Dorset,,,,,,,SOMDOR-A082F6,,A082F6.jpg,Bronze Age Knife,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/npayne/A082F6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/90711.jpg
120635,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axe head dating to the late Bronze Age. The fragment comprises the lower blade and cutting edge. It is semicircular in plan and wedge-shaped in profile. The cutting edge is expanded. Nothing of the original cutting edge or blade tips remain due to wear and corrosion damage. There is an oblong aperture at the top of the fragment, which represents the very end of the socket. The surface of the axe is damaged, but it survives mostly intact with a dark brown patina with patches of green. The fragment is 28mm long, 46mm wide from tip to tip, 30mm wide at the socketed end and 14mm thick.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,14,28,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Great Eversden,TL3654,GPS (from the finder),52.167516,-0.012899,CAM-A25D41,,bronzeageaxehead.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjw/bronzeageaxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/90712.jpg
122252,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1600,"The axe is made from cast copper. The nature of the corrosion, with blue patches and analysis of past flat axes suggest the material is more likely to be copper rather than copper alloy. The axe is complete, but the surface has been heavily abraded, therefore only traces of a heavy green/brown patina. 

In plan the axe is a sub elongated triangle. The butt is rounded, and in profile gradually tapers to a rounded edge. The sides are straight with no flaring outwards of the blade tip. The blade cutting edge appears to have been sharpened, suggesting the axe was functional rather than votive. In profile the blade forms a ‘>’. The cutting edge is symmetrical. 

The axe measures 68.19mm long from the butt to the apex of the cutting edge. It is 32.61mm wide from blade tip to blade it, and is 6.03mm thick at its thickest point on the body. It weighs 47.6g.

The axe is a flat axe, which dates to the early Bronze Age, c. 2000 to 1600 BC. Watson (1993 Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums BAR British Series 233) illustrates similar flat axes, Nos. 115 and 116, but these have slightly flared blade tips.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-08-11T23:00:00Z,,,,47.6,,,6.03,68.19,1,Philip Watson,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP2940,GPS (from the finder),52.057628,-1.578452,WAW-049216,,WAW-049216.jpg,"Bronze Age Flat Axe (front, profile and reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-049216.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/92683.jpg
123389,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-1050,"A copper-alloy cast spearhead from the transition of the middle to late Bronze Age. The spear head is a native type, of basal-looped design of the Penard industry. It measures 201 mm in length. The blade is triangular in shape, tapering from 41.6 mm to 11.1 mm at the end of the blade which is missing its tip. The blade emerges from the socket at 81.7 from the base of the socket. At each side of the blade is a loop at the point where blade and socket meet. The beginning of the blade juts out at right angles from these loops.  The socket is 22.5 mm in diameter at its opening and is hollow for 132.5 mm down the shaft, well into the blade of the spearhead. The bulb of the socket continues right down to the tip of the blade, making the blade look like a circle with wings in section. It tapers to 3.7 mm at the broken tip of the blade. On the blade, either side of the socket bulb is a slight depression running to the tip of the blade. This is apparent on both sides of the blade. 

The Penard phase occurred at the very beginning of the Late Bronze Age, owing some of its stylistic features to Middle Bronze Age technologies. This spearhead is likely to date from circa 1200 to 1050 BC. Similar examples are illustrated in Langmaid (1976, 52; 18a/b).    

This spearhead is in reasonably good condition. It is missing its tip and is a little ragged along the edges of the blade. It also suffers from mild bronze corrosion, but otherwise it has a rich dark green patina. There is an element of scratching on the surface, particularly one side of the socket. As these scratches reveal a different patina to the rest of the artefact it would appear that they are quite recent, and not a result of ancient wear.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Gardening,1985-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,186,,,22.5,201,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Wellingborough,,SP8769,From a paper map,52.312227,-0.725248,NARC-C411F6,,NARC-C411F6BAspearhead.jpg,Late Bronze Age copper-alloy spearhead of Pennard phase,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-C411F6BAspearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/93179.jpg
124238,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,-800,"Fragment of a flat piece of copper alloy, with one short end upturned.  All edges are broken and the surface of the object is very corroded and worn.  Both sides have fair amounts of light-brown coloured patina.  Similar patinas are often seen on Bronze Age metalwork, to which period this item may belong.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,3,34,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,North Thoresby,TF2898,From a paper map,53.463197,-0.073416,LIN-864481,,LIN3969.jpg,"Unidentified object, copper alloy",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN3969.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/93923.jpg
124479,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1300,"This is a possible chisel or awl. It is made from cast copper. The tool has a rectangular section. Three quarters of the length of the tool gradually tapers towards the terminal. This terminal is thought to be the blade. In profile it has a ‘>’ shape which Phil Watson (Principle Curator, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery) suggests it may have been used as a chisel rather than an awl. The last quarter of the tool quickly tapers to a blunt point. The corners are rounded compared to the sharp corners on the rest of the tool. This final quarter also has a different corrosion pattern to the majority of the surface. The majority of the surface has traces of a dark green patina, otherwise it is a matte mottled brown/green colour. The final quarters’ surface is a light powdery green with patches of orange stains. This is probably the tang for the handle, and the thickening approximately a quarter from the handle terminal is probably where the handle was wedged in place.

The chisel measures 65.29mm long, 9.23mm wide and 7.32mm thick. It weighs 22.61g.

The chisel is possibly Bronze Age, if it is, the dating may be narrowed to the early Middle Bronze Age, c. 1500 to 1300 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,2006-01-26T00:00:00Z,,,,,,7.32,65.29,1,Phil Watson,Angie Bolton,Eastern,Hertfordshire,Dacorum,Berkhamsted,SP9518,,51.852518,-0.622122,WAW-C4A5F5,,WAW-C4A5F5.jpg,"Bronze Age Chisel (profile, upper view, profile, underside and blade tip) possibly",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-C4A5F5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/94112.jpg
124752,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,The tip of a spearhead with a pronounced central ridge.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,16.03,,,9,43,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,,TQ0248,From a paper map,51.222093,-0.540786,SUR-DAAA07,,05.724.jpg,Bronze Age spear tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.724.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/94242.jpg
124757,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,A blade fragment. The fragment is bent and has striations on one side.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,10.76,,,4.5,25,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,,TQ0248,From finder,51.222093,-0.540786,SUR-DABB94,,05.725.jpg,Bronze Age sword fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.725.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/94243.jpg
124759,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,A fragment of the butt end of a palstave axe.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,22.83,,,12.5,26,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,,TQ0248,From finder,51.222093,-0.540786,SUR-DAC3D4,,05.726.jpg,Bronze Age palstave butt,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.726.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/94244.jpg
124761,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,A fragment of the rim of the socket from a socketed axe. The top of the rim is flat below which there is a slight encircling groove.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,10.78,,,5,21,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,,TQ0248,From finder,51.222093,-0.540786,SUR-DACBD1,,05.728.jpg,Bronze Age fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.728.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/94246.jpg
124762,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,"
A fragment of thin copper alloy sheet with ragged edges.
","
Despite this object's similarity in shape to an arrowhead it is thought that this is coincidental as the object appears not to have been deliberately shaped. Its proximity to other objects of Bronze Age date suggests a probable date.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,1.76,,,5,27.5,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,,TQ0248,From finder,51.222093,-0.540786,SUR-DAD5F0,,05.728.jpg,Bronze Age fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.728.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/94246.jpg
124908,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2000,1499,Fragment of copper alloy.  The fragment is a sheet of copper alloy with one slightly upturned end.  There are signs of damage around this area suggesting that it was not an original feature of the object.  All edges are broken.  The object has a mid-brown patina as sometimes seen on Bronze Age metalwork.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,4,40,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,North Thoresby,TF2898,From a paper map,53.463197,-0.073416,LIN-ECB2F4,,LIN3980.jpg,Fragment of copper alloy,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN3980.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/94383.jpg
125049,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"The object is either a chisel or an awl, made of cast copper alloy. The chisel has a blade which is square in section and tapers in thickness and slightly in width to a rounded blunt point. This terminal is abraded and probably does not represent the original edge. The blade is slightly bent at the mid point, which is not intentional, but it is not certain when this occurred. At the widest part of the blade there is an integral stop ridge. This ridge is sub-circular in plan and is perpendicular to the blade and tang. The blade protrudes from the centre of one face of the stop ridge, and the tang protrudes from the centre of the other face. The tang is square in section at the junction of the stop ridge, but tapers in thickness, and more slightly in width, similar to the blade, towards a blunt rounded point. There surface is slightly abraded and pitted, but has traces of a heavy green/brown patina. The chisel measures 103.2mm long and the stop ridge is 17.66mm diameter. It weighs 24.1g.

After consideration Phil Watson (Principle Curator, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery) and Peter Reavill (Herefordshire/Shropshire Finds Liaison Officer) feel the chisel or awl is probably dated to the middle Bronze Age, -1500 to -1150.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,,24.1,,17.66,,103.2,1,Phil Watson,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP2940,GPS (from the finder),52.057628,-1.578452,WAW-EF4C84,,WAW-EF4C84.jpg,Bronze Age Chisel (four views in plan),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-EF4C84.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/94407.jpg
125316,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1120,"Bronze Age bronze socketed spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1500-1150BC, probably Taunton-Penard metalworking phase, c.1400-1120 BC (following Needham et al. 1997).



The spearhead is of side-looped type and is near-complete, missing only the base of the socket and the side loops. The spearhead has a surviving length of 82.70mm. The socket tapers towards the blade and has a maximum surviving diameter of 9.47mm. The remnants of the upper attachment only of the side loops are evident on each side of the socket. The socket has an oval hole (24.82mm x 5.6mm) on one side; the hole is likely to be a casting problem, probably as result of a misaligned core, rather than subsequent damage. The blade is eroded (with a maximum width of 11.03mm) and is leaf- or flame-shaped. The end of the socket develops into a high mid-rib, which converges towards the tip and gives the blade a lozenge shaped section. The spearhead has lost much of the original surface and now has a dark brown patina, with some areas of bronze around the hole in the socket. The spearhead weighs 16.7g.","The spearhead can be paralleled with a number of examples recovered from Wales and beyond, including Cadoxton-Juxta-Neath (Neath Port Talbot) Llanerfyl (Powys) and Nantwnlle (Ceredigion) (Savory, 1980, Nos. 227, 229 and 337 respectively). The Cadoxton-Juxta-Neath and Llanerfyl examples are of Acton Park metal, while the Nantwnlle example is of Cemmaes metal (ibid.).



This spearhead has been published by Richard Davis (2012, 105, No.638, Pl.36) within his Group 6 Unclassified (developed side-looped).



Davis notes almost 500 Group 6 spearheads from across Britain dating to the Middle Bronze Age, which have a broad distribution. Davis' spearhead sub-types 6A, 6B and 6C are particularly prevalent across Wales, all of which have 'flame-shaped' blades, which might strengthen the idea that this spearhead originally had a flame-shaped blade, rather than a leaf-shaped blade.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,16.7,,9.47,,82.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Ruth Battye,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llantrisant,,,,,NMGW-022DC1,,2005.208.jpg,Middle Bronze Age socketed spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rbattye/2005.208.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/90045.jpg
127695,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1450,-1250,"A cast copper alloy palstave with central rib, shield shaped pattern below the stop ridge, and raised flange facets. The palstave dates from the Middle Bronze Age (1500-1150 BC). It measures 149.4mm long and weighs 451 grams.






The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with convex expanding sides and a convex cutting edge. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The blade (measured from the cutting edge to the stop ridge) is 82.4mm long and the width of cutting edge is 58.2mm. The thickness of the blade tip is 7.2mm. The maximum thickness of the blade is 18.9mm (measured at a point below the stop ridge; the width at this point is 31.9mm). Beneath the stop-ridge, on both sides of the palstave, is a tapering central rib. This rib extends approximately half way down the length of the blade, terminating in a rounded point. The rib itself, although present on both sides, is crisper and less eroded on one of the two faces. Directly below the stop ridge is a concave depression which is bordered by raised ridges that join with the central rib to create a trident (3 pronged fork) like shield shape. The convex cutting edge of the blade is asymmetric with one side of the blade being more worn than the other. This is partially due to considerable movement in the ploughsoil and corrosion. On the lower part of the blade and the cutting edge are a series of small irregular crescent shaped hammer marks / scars which are most evident in oblique light. Many of these scars overlap. This suggests that the cutting edge has been reshaped and sharpened by hammering a number of times.






The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part behind the stop ridge. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is 65.1mm long, 16.3mm wide and 7.2mm thick. The butt of the axe has been damaged and is incomplete. The width at the butt is 24.8mm. The flange facets are fused to the stop ridge forming two raised elements to haft the axe by. The facets on each side of the axe differ from one another. However, one face of the axe has been severally damaged by abrasion and corrosion which renders comparison between the two faces difficult. Both sides of the axe are scarred with the remains of linear ribs which extend from the butt to the cutting edge. These ribs are from the two part mold used to cast the axe. Both edges have been trimmed and filed to remove any excess metal.






The palstave is a mid brown colour with a thick well formed patina which covers part of the surface of the axe. In a number of places the patina has been removed by abrasion, where this has occurred a light bright green copper corrosion has developed. It is likely that this corrosion has spread and affected 50% of the surface of the axe. The majority of the abrasion is located on one face of the axe. This confirms the finders' suggestion that the axe was located just above the interface between the ploughsoil and the undisturbed layers beneath. It is also noted that the weight of this axehead is extremely heavy in comparison to other similar examples; this is especially the case when the abrasion and damage is taken into account. Similar examples to this palstave can be seen in: Savory, 1980; Catalogue of the Bronze Age collections in the National Museum of Wales; entry 151 from Ceulan-y-maesmawr, Cardiganshire. This form and style of palstave fits into the Acton Park metal working tradition which is dated to the first phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA I) 1450-1250 BC.






Find recorded from the Myddle Metal Detecting Rally",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,"Myddle Rally 2005, Shropshire",451,,,,149.4,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Myddle and Broughton,SJ4623,From finder,52.801839,-2.802407,HESH-174823,,HESH-174823.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/preavill/HESH-174823.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/107585.jpg
128112,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A fragment of an unfinished Bronze Age socketed axehead. The corner fragment of the miscast mouth is all that survives with the casting gate still attached above it. The length of the fragment and gate is 31.5mm, the width is 29.1mm and the weight is 16.35g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,16.35,,,,31.5,1,Lisa Staves,Lisa Staves,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Barton-upon-Humber,TA0419,From finder,53.657161,-0.427779,NLM-3FD436,,NLM10260.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lstaves/NLM10260.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/96568.jpg
128209,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A metalworking debris possibly of Bronze Age. Flat on the lower face, and partially covered by a yellow patina on the upper. Material: probably copper alloy.
Dimensions: length 57 mm, width 44 mm, thickness 13 mm. Weight 83.99 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,93.99,,,13,57,1,,,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Great Bedwyn,SU2764,,51.374419,-1.613486,WILT-4246F6,,,,,,,
128346,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Possible tip of a Bronze Age spearhead. The fragment that remains is an elongated trapezoidal shape in plan. The upper narrow edge is broken as the tip is missing. This break is not recent as the patina covers the break. The lower edge is also broken and again not recently. In section, at the upper edge it is a lozenge shape. This continues but the lozenge has slightly concave edges. A short portion of the socket is visible on one face of the spear. It is off-centre and therefore not positioned in the thickest portion of the spear. This damage may be due to miscasting or was later damage which revealed the fragile nature of the position of the socket. A waxy coating deposited in the socket, but this is probably a recent application. The surface of the spear has an incomplete heavy dark green patina. The spear measures 32.23mm long, 16.41mm wide and 7.61mm thick. It weighs 12.5g.

The heavy patina, and shape in section suggest this is a Bronze Age spearhead. However, as the majority of the object is missing which has the diagnostic features, such as side-loops missing the dating cannot be narrowed down further.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-02-23T00:00:00Z,2006-02-23T00:00:00Z,,,12.5,,,7.61,32.23,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Elmbridge,SO8967,From a paper map,52.30101,-2.162733,WAW-7EEAA4,,WAW-7EEAA4.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead (front and reverse),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-7EEAA4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/97637.jpg
128402,Razor,Bronze Age,,,,,Duplicate record. Please see NMS-01D7D8 for details of the find previously recorded here.,,4,,,,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,,,,,,,,,NMS-8F03C2,,E11852 26.JPG,Incomplete Bronze Age razor,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/E11852 26.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/72147.jpg
130415,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,100,"Possibly Late Bronze Age or Iron Age copper alloy ring, slightly damaged (a small chunk is missing). It is triangular in section, the inside surface being a smooth curve from one side to the other while the outside surface has a slight rib running around it.
It is 25mm in diameter (internal 12.8mm) and weighs 12.63g.
At least seven other examples of triangular-section rings with curved inner edges have been recorded from Wiltshire in the past few years. They are thought to date to the Late Iron Age period and possibly linked to harness. This example is rather chunkier and may date earlier or even slightly later, for example into Roman times.
Cf. WILT-ABDAB1, -0D8803, -A07DA7 for recent examples.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-02-18T00:00:00Z,,,,12.63,,25,,,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Berwick St. James,SU0539,From finder,51.150239,-1.929895,WILT-5045C4,,Rynne Ring.jpg,Possibly Iron Age ring,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Rynne Ring.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/99325.jpg
130491,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,,"A probable Bronze Age knife of the Urnfield tradition. It measures 164mm in length (although it is slightly bent in profile) and with a max width of 28mm just behind the tang. The tang is a faceted circle in section, max 8mm diameter and 18.5mm long.
The top of the knife is 6mm wide, narrowing to the sharp blade which thins in width to the point.
Brendan O'Connor comments ""This is a single-edged tanged knife.  The turned-up point indicates that the blade is very worn.  There is decoration on the blade, but I cannot make it out very well.
 
This is a continental Urnfield type.  Without consulting many more sources than I have to hand, I would not like to say whereabouts it came from;  while it could be central Europe, these knives are also found in France.
 
Wear has distorted the form of the blade, though there still appears to be a curve on the back towards the tang.  The tang itself is plain, but tapering in form.  This makes a relatively simple form - many knives have more complex tangs, which I would say is neither very early (like the knife in the Penard phase hoard from Ffynonnau), nor characteristic of the latest Urnfield phase, Hallstatt B3 equivalent to Ewart Park/Carp's Tongue in Britain.  That would suggest an origin roughly equivalent to the British Wilburton phase, probably before 1000 BC, but would not necessarily date its deposition in Wiltshire as something of an antique"".

The decoration is grooved and on both faces of the knife takes the form of five three-rings-and-dot behind the tang. It is rather jagged in places and gives the impression of a curvy edge to the rings.
Between these and the point of the knife, again on both sides, are three incised lines between which are two lines of Us, one line of which are inverted.
The decoration is rather crude and along the lines are several places where the line is wider than need be. Another curiousity is an apparant thin line of copper alloy added after the decoration, running across it vertically. It is only 1mm wide but clearly was applied afterwards - for what reason? Perhaps to cover a mistake, though it is rather randomly placed when much of the knife is quite crude.
The patina is very shiny and the metal a yellowy brassy colour. The tang and tip of the knife have darker green areas of patination. One side of the blade may have been recently cleaned - very shiny yellow-bronze diagonal striations show on the surface.
The knife weighs 96.71g. While it is very likely this is a knife of the Urnfield tradition, it is very unlikely that it was deposited in Wiltshire at the time. It may then be a more recent loss.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-02-10T00:00:00Z,,,,1.36,,,1,15,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chirton,SU0757,From a paper map,51.312072,-1.900955,WILT-658D62,,Knife.jpg,(Possibly) Bronze Age knife,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Knife.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/99404.jpg
130504,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A copper-alloy Palstave axehead of the Bronze Age that is rectangular in shape.  The entire object is evenly pitted on its surface with the pitting varying between 1mm and 4mm in diameter.  The blade end of the axehead is 50mm in length while the haft end is at least 38mm in length.  The butt has worn away, but it can be estimated that the full length of the haft end was 42-45mm, estimated from tapering of the septum.  The flange facets extend out from the septum by 3mm at most.  The stop, separating the blade from the septum, is worn but can be clearly found by touch if not by sight.  The blade does not flare out from the end of the flanges, but continues to follow the straight projection from the haft end.  The cutting edge flares only slightly, and though corroded at one end, the edge is mostly straight rather than curving in a crescent shape.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-17T00:00:00Z,,,,92,,,8,88,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North West,Cumbria,Carlisle,,NY4452,From finder,54.859638,-2.8739,NCL-74BE00,,axe top.JPG,NCL-74BE00: The top view of a copper-alloy Palstave axehead.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/axe top.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/99443.jpg
130594,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-950,-800,"A Late Bronze Age socketed gouge made from cast copper alloy. The gouge is complete, but the surface is in poor condition. Approximately half of the patina remains otherwise the surface is pitted and has areas of corrosion. The patina is a mottled dark green colour. The gouge is a sub-rectangle in plan, with the socketed terminal being slightly flared. It measures 95.41mm long and weighs 74.5g. The socket is circular in section, 13.85mm diameter, and tapers in the internal diameter. The opposite terminal, the blade edge is ‘C’ shaped in section. The blade is the terminal of a elongated triangular groove on the upper surface of the gouge. This groove starts 23mm from the socket and gradually increases in depth and width towards the blade terminal. Patina remains in the groove and has fine striations running from the mid point of the groove to the blade edge.

The gouge dates to the late Bronze Age, c.1150 to c.800 BC. Similar examples are found in Watson (Watson, P. 1993 Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums BAR British Series 233) illustrates two gouges, but one is decorated with ribbing (No. 72), and the second (No. 73) is undecorated, but is shorter, and the length of the groove is considerably shorter than the recorded example. A more similar example is illustrated in Annable and Simpson (Annable, F. and Simpson D. 1964 Guide Catalogue of the Neolithic and Bronze Age Collections in Devizes Museum Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society), No. 645.  Gouges were used as wood-working tools. 

Dr. Adam Gwilt (National Museum and Galleries of Wales) commented on the gouge;  “Plain forms are the most common from the Late Bronze Age. Where dated by association, they usually belong to the Ewart Park phase (950-800BC). Examples with mouth mouldings tend to be earlier and belonging to the Wilburton / Blackmoor phases (1150-920BC)”",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,2006-02-21T00:00:00Z,,,,,13.85,,95.41,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wyre Forest,Ribbesford,SO7673,From a paper map,52.354533,-2.353801,WAW-890416,,WAW-890416 Drawing.jpg,"Bronze Age Gouge (top, reverse, and section) ",Candy Stevens,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-890416 Drawing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/99635.jpg
130667,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A Bronze Age spearhead made of cast copper alloy. The spearhead is socketed; this socket is circular in plan, 18.92mm diameter at the entrance. The edge of the socket is abraded and uneven, but not all this damage occurred recently as there is a patina over the breaks. The socket tapers towards the tip of the blade. Below the blade, on opposite sides there is an integral loop. Each loop has a pointed oval vertical face, whose corners bends and meets the exterior of the socket. The loops are clogged with soil, as is the socket. The blade starts approximately at mid point along the socket and forms a leaf-shape in plan. The edges of the blade are heavily abraded. The surface of the spearhead has a mid-brown coloured patina which is slightly pitted. In length it is 102.95mm long, 27.13mm wide across the loops and 19.38mm thick across the socket. It weighs 90.90g.

Phil Watson (Principle Curator, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery) dates the spearhead to the Middle Bronze Age, 1500 - 1150 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,2006-03-06T00:00:00Z,,,90.9,,,19.38,102.95,1,Phil Watson,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Coughton,SP0760,From finder,52.238147,-1.898912,WAW-8D43A6,,WAW-8D43A6 Drawing.jpg,"Bronze Age Spear (front, section, profile and reverse)",Candy Stevens,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-8D43A6 Drawing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/99702.jpg
130718,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"Copper alloy spear tip. Tip of a socketed spear, Taperin point with out curved edges. There is a tapering central spine flanked by two thinned flanges.
Dimensions - 29.80 mm x 20.69 mm x 6.67 mm
Weight - 9.09 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-02-02T00:00:00Z,,,,9.09,,,6.67,29.8,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,,,,,,,SOMDOR-CA5753,,CAS753.jpg,CA5753. Bronze Age spear tip.,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/CAS753.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/100347.jpg
130911,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete cast bronze socketed chisel, dating to the Late Bronze Age between 1150 – 800 BC (length: 64mm; diameter of socket: 14mm; width at chisel edge: 8mm; thickness chisel tip: 2mm; weight: 27.52g).

This artefact has an incomplete circular socketed terminal at one end (diameter: as above; thickness of metal: 2mm), with the inside of the chisel being hollow to the opposing tip.  To the either side of the chisel’s length, there is a singular casting line or mark (average width: 1.5mm) ‘of the joint of the mould in which it was cast’ (Evans, 1881, page 172).  From the incomplete socketed mouth of the chisel, the form and length of the artefact adapts into an angular and ‘V’-shaped section, which then narrows to a point at the chisel edge.  The artefact is in a slightly worn but good condition with a dark green patina and small infrequent areas of pitting on the surface.

A similar example is illustrated in Evans, J, 1881, ‘The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland’, pages 171-2, fig 200, which was found as part of a hoard from Carlton Rode, Norfolk, which Evans comments is well adapted for cutting mortises.

Other similar examples of socketed chisels are also illustrated in the Archaeological Journal Vol IV (1849), page 382, found at Westow, Yorkshire, and in the Archaeological Journal IX (1852), pages 302-3, found at Romford, Essex.  Evans (1881) also describes other socketed chisels found at Heathery Burn Cave, Durham; Roseberry Topping, Yorkshire; Meldreth, Cambridgeshire, as well as examples from France, Switzerland and Italy.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-27T23:00:00Z,,,,27.52,,14,,64,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Swinfen and Packington,SK1405,From finder,52.642564,-1.794534,WMID-E1B777,,WMID-E1B777.JPG,Bronze Age chisel (front and side),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-E1B777.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/100136.jpg
131472,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An awl of Bronze Age date. The awl has a square section. It is thickest in the centre and tapers to the two points, which are rounded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,3.35,,,,49,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Horsley,TQ0852,From a paper map,51.256945,-0.453696,SUR-A08F64,,05.821.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.821.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/100643.jpg
131512,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy flat axe of the Early Bronze Age. The fragment consists of the back of the haft, the whole of the cutting blade is missing.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,122.1,,,10.2,67.1,1,David Evans,David Evans,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,,,,,,,YORYM-A1C521,,4 may 002.jpg,Bronze Age axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/devans/4 may 002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/100990.jpg
132125,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-701,"Mouth fragment of copper alloy/ bronze Late Bronze Age socketed axehead with rib decoration. The fragment measures 18.6x22.2x3mm and weighs 5.61g.
The mouth has a single lip moulding 5mm thick, and three ribs are visible extending from it.
Some of the patina is missing and the metal is a light greeny blue in colour.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.61,,,3,18.6,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Kingston Deverill,ST8835,From a paper map,51.114163,-2.172809,WILT-1FB5B8,,Bancroftaxe.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Bancroftaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/98960.jpg
132129,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-701,"Tip fragment of Late Bronze Age sword, with a broad flat midrib and chamfered edges, lenticular in section. It is probably a Ewart Park type sword.
The surviving fragment is 61.2mm long, 23.6mm wide at the (oldish) break and weighs 18.00g. It is max. 3.2mm thick at the broken end. It is slightly bent in profile at the tip. The edges are jagged but worn and there are signs of repeated working on the midrib. Much of the original patina has been lost and the metal is dark/ black in colour and rough to touch with areas of greeny blue corrosion.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18,,,3.2,61.2,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Kingston Deverill,ST8835,From a paper map,51.114163,-2.172809,WILT-1FD705,,Bancroftsword.jpg,Late Bronze Age Sword,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Bancroftsword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/98967.jpg
132144,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-701,"An incomplete copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed razor (probably). The blade is triangular in shape and one side-edge appears to be missing. The blade is apparantly 15.5mm long to the chamfered cutting edge, much of which is worn/ broken away. 
Below the socket the blade is 33.5mm wide and 4.8mm thick, being triangular in section so thinning to the cutting edge. The blade is separated from the socket by a light incised groove beneath it on booth sides.
The socket is v-shaped in section and to the break, 3.6mm high. At this point it is 4.4mm wide. At the surviving edge, the socket appears to curve round it.
The socket is set at a slight angle, presumably useful for a cutting implement.
The incomplete object measures 41.4x20.9x4.8mm and weighs 14.48g.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,14.48,,,4.8,41.4,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Kingston Deverill,ST8835,From a paper map,51.114163,-2.172809,WILT-201F07,,Bancroftrazor.jpg,Late Bronze Age razor,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Bancroftrazor.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/98964.jpg
132311,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,,,"An undatable worked strip of gold, reminiscent in shape of a medieval strap-end or possibly a pendant Bronze Age in date. One end (the wider, 9.6mm wide) is broken (recent-ish) and the strap then tapers to an end 4.2mm wide with a broken loop (also recent-ish) projecting from it (internal diameter c.2.2mm). The long edges are finished. One face has an indented line flanking the long edges and curving round behind the projecting loop. Measures 32.3mm in length and weighs 1.24g. It is rather dented in places and the finder says it was folded when he found it. He thought it was a piece of gold foil and unfolded it.


Treasure report written by Dr S.P. Needham: The fragment comprises one end of a ribbon of gold the sides converging in a convex curve towards a perforated terminal. The long edges are thickened outside a light crease inset by 1mm. The terminal's end has been torn off leaving just half of the perforation extant.


The ribbon has a number of buckles and a partial fracture crossing transversely at one point.","Treasure report written by Dr S.P. Needham: This is very likely to be an ancient object (over 300 years old) and may be of future research interest if better parallels come to light.













The incomplete nature of this object and the lack of diagnostic features makes it difficult to identify its original form. A range of ribbon, or strip ornaments in gold are known from the British Bronze Age, including for torcs, bracelets and small fittings. It is possible that the Brixham Deverill fragment belongs to this repertoire and the composition of the metal would not be inconsistent with such a date.

 











Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface indicated a gold content of 85-87 %, a silver content of 11-13 %, the remainder being copper. The fragment weighs 1.23 grams.






TVC recommended valuation: £20",4,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2005-08-31T23:00:00Z,,2006T250,,1.24,,,,32.3,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Brixton Deverill,ST8638,From a paper map,51.141093,-2.201498,WILT-34D958,,Treasure Bancroft.jpg,Undatable gold unidentified object,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Treasure Bancroft.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/101792.jpg
132438,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1500,"The axe is made from cast copper alloy. The axe is complete, but the surface has been heavily abraded and is pitted, therefore there is only one patch of a heavy brown patina.  

In plan the axe is a sub elongated trapezoid with a rounded butt and flared blade. The butt is rounded, and in profile tapers to a rounded edge. The edges of the septum and body are slightly raised, forming a slight flange. The blade flares outwards, but the blade tips are abraded and therefore rounded. The cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical which may be due to wear rather than abrasion. In profile the blade forms a ‘>’. 

The axe measures 96.59mm long from the butt to the apex of the cutting edge. It is 49.68mm wide from blade tip to blade it, and is 9.63mm thick at its thickest point on the body. It weighs 131.88g.

The axe is a similar to a Class 5 example (figure 28 Arreton No. 89) illustrated in Rohl, B. and Needham, S. 1998 The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis British Museum Occassional Paper No. 102. This example is dated to the early Bronze Age, c. 1700 to 1600 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,131.88,,,9.63,96.59,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,North Warwickshire,Polesworth,SK2703,Centred on parish,52.62409606,-1.60257835,WAW-4A1BA3,,WAW-4A1BA3.jpg,"Bronze Age flat axe (front, profile and reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-4A1BA3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/101927.jpg
132445,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-800,-650,"A cast copper alloy incomplete socketed axe. The lower portion of the axe remains, including a fragment of at the body and complete blade. One face of the body is more complete than the other, therefore revealing the socket. The interior of the socket is slight rough and there are moulded linear striations as if the metal has incorporated the striations of organic matter. The plan the axe is a sub-trapezoid with the upper edge is an obliquely angled broken edge. The break is not recent as there are traces of patina over the break. The sides of the axe taper outwards slightly towards the blade tip. The casting seams are just visible on the sides. The blade tips are not flared outwards. The blade cutting edge is rounded and blunt, and is slightly convex in plan. The surface of the axe is heavily abraded and there are traces of a light grey/green patina, with further patches of a shiny grey patina. The axe weighs 86.96g. From the cutting edge to the upper edge it measures 57.88mm, across the blade, from tip to tip to measures 43.64mm and 17.08mm thick.

A similar axe was recorded from the Llyn Fawr hoard (Rohl, B. and Needham, S. 1998 The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis British Museum Occasional Paper No. 102.), Figure 40, Nos. 401, 404 and 405. These axes also have the relatively straight sides leading to the blade tips and the slightly convex blade edge. The Llyn Fawr hoard is dated to the late Bronze Age (c. 800 to c. 650 BC), therefore the recorded axe can be dated, also, to the late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,86.96,,,17.08,57.88,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Warwick,Wasperton,SP2959,From a paper map,52.228442,-1.576837,WAW-4ADC52,,WAW-4ADC52.jpg,"Bronze Age socketed axe (plan, profile and reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-4ADC52.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/101933.jpg
132476,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,An incomplete copper-alloy quoit headed pin. The total length of the pin is 149.76 mm. The shaft of the pin is incomplete and slightly bent(in common with several other examples). At the distal end the shaft has a circular cross-section (4.5 mm) which broadens to become oval (7.38 mm by 5.15 mm) at the proximal end. The head is incomplete and has a lozenge shaped cross-section (5.2 mm x 5.99 mm at the proximal end and tapering to 3.37 mm x 4.45 mm at the furthest surviving extent) a characteristic of Somerset examples. It is not possible to establish the dimensions of the ring-shaped head and it appears to have been oval. The proximal end of the shaft and the remaining parts of the head are decorated with lateral incised lines front and back and also around the exterior pointed face of the head. The lines are longer on the shaft and where the shaft and head and here are raange in two lines (one on each side) angled inwards to form a chevron pointing away from the head (the design is repeated front and back). On the head the lines are short and cut across the points of the lozenge shaped cross section. It is middle Bronze Age in date (c. 1500 - 1150 BC).,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-12-19T00:00:00Z,,,,25.34,,,,149.76,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,,,,,,SOMDOR-839ED2,,839ED2.jpg,839ED2. Bronze Age. Quoit-headed pin.,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/839ED2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/101962.jpg
132554,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Bronze tanged chisel of Middle Bronze Age date, c.1500 - 1100BC.



The chisel is comparatively small, with a distorted length of 50.83mm (c. 54mm undistorted). The artefact is thickest at its middle (at 3.18mm) and thins to the blade and tang end. The sides are divergent and straight along the tang and gently curved along the blade. The blade edge has a width of 16.84mm and is also gently curved. Little of the original surface survives, which appears to have had a black patination. The current surface is mid-green to brown. The chisel weighs 6.2g. Non-destructive analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the chisel was carried out by Mary Davis using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The object was examined whole within the specimen chamber and analysed for 100 live seconds using a working distance of 35mm and an accelerating voltage of 20kV. A scrape along one edge of the object allowed analysis of the metal in this area. Unfortunately the electron beam was too unsteady to obtain reliable semi-quantitative results, but a series of readings showed that the object was of tin bronze; neither zinc nor lead were present in detectable quantities. The suggested composition would be broadly consistent with Middle Bronze Age metal composition, perhaps Taunton or Cammaes metalworking.","This chisel has proved difficult to closely parallel, although the form and style seem consistent with Bronze Age types. The Sparkford Hill Hoard, Somerset (Smith Ed., 1959, Inventaria Archaeologia; An Illustrated Card-Inventory of Important Associated Finds in Archaeology; Great Britain 7th Set: GB. 42-47) contained a larger chisel of similar form and dated to the end of the Middle Bronze Age. A similar chisel found at Monkton, Pembrokeshire (Savory 1980, pp. 117, No 265) was dated through associated artefacts to the 11th or 10th century BC. Both of these parallels have a less flared blade compared to this example.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.2,,,3.18,54,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9675,,51.464384,-3.498502,NMGW-889B08,,20062.jpg,Bronze Age tanged chisel,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/20062.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629548.jpg
132617,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age bronze palstave The palstave is looped and is of (group III) low-flanged (broad-blade) form, probably of Type Sleaford (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, pp 136) , belonging to the Taunton or the corresponding Cemmaes tradition in Wales. Taunton / Cemmaes metalworking falls within Needham's (1996) Period 5, c. 1500 - 1150 BC. The palstave is complete and has an overall length of 163mm and weighs 494.8g. The butt is square and irregular with a width of 20.7mm and has a thickness of 4.0mm. The sides are slightly convex as far as the stop and are then straight and divergent before flaring to the expanded blade. The palstave is wider around the flanges (26.2mm), than on the blade near the stop (19.8mm). The casting seams are evident on both sides and have been neatly finished (by hammering and filing), with particular attention paid to the blade area and the unlooped side. The loop is wide at 11.5mm. The septum is rounded and concave with a straight stop, which meets the septum at a right angle. The flange facets meet the septum before the butt and are highest (37.3mm) at the stop. The stop has a height of 14.3mm above the septum and rises 9.4mm above the blade. The blade is decorated with a weak mid rib and side ribs. The ribs are defined by two small cast hollows (c. 20-28mm long and 3-4mm wide) flanking each rib. The blade has a maximum thickness below the stop of 23.7mm and gradually thins to 12.9mm at the prominent blade facet. Hammer dimples are evident on the blade facets of both faces. Some sharpening striations running perpendicular to the blade edge are discernible. A single casting flaw on the septum of one face is visible. The palstave has good surface preservation and has a dark green to black patina.","In form this palstave appears similar to Schmidt and Burgess' (1981) Group III, it should be noted that the breadth of the stop/flanges, and the height above the septum, is very significant. Typically, low-flanged palstaves have a stop/flange breadth of no more than approx. 31mm and a stop/flange height around 10mm. A breadth of 37.1mm is closer to the criteria as defined for south-western palstaves, though that type are also characterised by angular flanges that rise above the height of the stop (Smith 1959). Examples with high flanges that do not rise above the height of the stop are known from Somerset, such as one found at Priddy, Somerset (SOM-1AD5D4), which was found associated with another palstave and found close to the Priddy gold ornament hoard, dating to the Taunton phase (Minnitt and Payne 2012). However, parallels with flanges as broad as the Llandow palstave could not be identified.",3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,494.8,,,4,163,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llandow,SS9675,From a paper map,51.464384,-3.498502,NMGW-98C821,,20063lowres.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/20063lowres.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624552.jpg
132670,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Incomplete copper alloy sword-chape. Late Bronze Age (1150BC-800BC). Ogival with lozenge shaped cross section, sharp median ribs and flattened edges with a slight rib front and back. The mouth of the chape is wide and open with deeply in-curved upper edges. The butt has a solid oval boss with a convex end. There are three ridges around the sides of the boss. The chape then flares out before curving back in to form an ogee shape and tapering to the round ended, oval sectioned butt. The chape is damaged and incomplete at both top and base and has been broken in two (the pieces were found separately on two separate occasions). The distal end of the chape contains blackened casting debris. Similar examples can be seen in H. N. Savory, 1980, Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, National Museum of Wales - Figs. 36 & 37, pp. 118-9 and 184-5, especially no. 55 for the mouth.  Dimensions: 206.5mm x 51.4mm x 14.8mmmm Weight: 128.75g","
Acquired by the Somerset County Museum. Illustrated.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,128.75,,,14.8,206.5,1,Stuart Needham,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Somerset,Sedgemoor,Chedzoy,ST3435,From a paper map,51.110477,-2.944179,SOMDOR-9ADF54,,910F54.jpg,Bronze Age Chape Sword,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/npayne/910F54.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/126991.jpg
132675,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A fragmentary bronze socketed axehead dating from the Late Bronze Age.  Only the lower blade end remains.  The cutting edge expands and is curved. The blade edge is intact. It is 0.5mm in thickness but expands to 10mm thickness where the break occurred near the main body of the axe. The edge is solid up to 12mm in depth, leaving 10mm depth of the socketed cavity.

The bronze has a relatively even-pitted, grey-green patina.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Agricultural or drainage work,2005-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,29.5,,,8,49,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Witton Gilbert,NZ2546,From finder,54.808248,-1.612571,NCL-9AE033,,axe comp.jpg,NCL-9B05A5: A Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/axe comp.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/102242.jpg
132732,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy awl? 58mm long and 5mm wide and thick. The object is in good condition with a green patina and weighs 4.37 grams. The object is circular in section for 23mm of its length and tapers in diameter from 5mm to a 1.5mm point. For the remainder of its length it is rectangular, 4mm wide and tapering from 4mm to 2mm, and is slightly bent. It has snapped off at this point.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,4.37,,,5,58,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Barrow upon Soar,SK5718,From a paper map,52.756612,-1.156851,LEIC-9CFA92,,9CFA92 .JPG,Bronze age copper alloy Awl?,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/9CFA92 .JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/102339.jpg
132960,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Copper alloy flat axehead dating to the Early Bronze Age.  It belongs to the phase I classification of types  (c. 2500 – 1450 B.C.) in Savoury’s Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections of the National Museum of Wales and appears to be of Migdale tradition.  It is not one of the earliest types of axe due to the flared blade and central thickening, which were improvements on the earliest types.

The convex blade is splayed on either side by roughly 10mm and the butt is slightly rounded.  Across the axehead run concentric ridges mimicking the shape of the blade.  The cutting edge remains quite sharp although the outer surface has flaked away in some places since discovery.

The longitudinal section is lozengic, created by a slight transverse median ridge and tapered ends.  This thickening at the centre was an attempt to prevent the blade from moving in the handle and ultimately damaging it.

The axehead is not symmetrical and may have been hammered at some time as there appear to be some marks on the pitted surface.  The patina remains across the majority of the object and is brown in colour, although there appears to be some surface decay.  Despite this, the axehead is in good condition.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,109,,,9.8,97.4,1,Nina Steele,Nina Steele,Wales,Gwynedd,Gwynedd,Caernarfon,SH5064,From a paper map,53.151952,-4.244556,GAT-C63BD1,,PRN 24019-002.JPG,Flat axehead,Gwynedd Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nsteele/PRN 24019-002.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/102553.jpg
133341,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A copper-alloy flat axe of the early Bronze Age similar in shape to a class 2 axe.  

The body flares evenly to the blade end of the object.  The blade flares out from the body with an even curviture to the edge.  The edge remains fairly sharp, though an imperfection in the metal has left a small semicircular divet in the center of the edge.  At the points of the blade, the width of the axe is 60mm.

The haft end is roughly squared, and it is difficult to tell whether this is the original butt or if butt broke off the object, the broken edges then smoothed slightly.  The butt measures 27mm in width.

The surface of the axe has an even grey-green patina, though where pitting occurs (always less than 1.5mm in diameter) the color is a light tinted green.  There are also patches of iron oxidation that seem to be integral to the object.  Thus, it seems to be made from a ferrous copper alloy.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,261.2,,,15,78,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Bagby,SE4780,From a paper map,54.213587,-1.280805,NCL-2BE993,,Thompson axe comp.jpg,"NCL-2BE993: A solid, cast, copper-alloy axe of the early Bronze Age.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/Thompson axe comp.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/103177.jpg
133342,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Possibly a copper-alloy Bronze Age awl. The square sectioned shank tapers to a pointed terminal and may be incomplete at the widest end. The surviving length is 57.1mm, the maximum width is 5.6mm and the weight is 7.88g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,7.88,,,,57.1,1,Lisa Staves,Lisa Staves,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Scawby,SE9605,From a paper map,53.532893,-0.553093,NLM-2C4815,,NLM10411.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lstaves/NLM10411.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/103170.jpg
134018,Adze,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A Middle Bronze Age Palstave Adze with a damaged butt. It measures 132.6mm in length with a cutting edge 32.5mm wide. The surface is pitted. The cutting edge is chamfered and worn on a slant. Around this edge and the sides of he palstave much of the golden brown patina has been lost. Weighs 176.92g.


The shelf is deep on either side (7.5 and 8.3mm) and the hafting end c. on third the length of the adze. Brendan O'Connor comments:








'This is a type known to Evans (Ancient bronze implements, p 85, figs 70-1).  One of these is illustrated by Rowlands, The production and distribution of metalworking the Middle Bronze Age in southern Britain, pl 34, 1110'.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,176.92,,,,132.6,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Brokenborough,ST9189,Centred on parish,51.599768,-2.131335,WILT-DBCAF4,,DSCF0063.JPG,Late Bronze Age Palstave Adze,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/DSCF0063.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/103764.jpg
134097,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Badly damaged socketed copper-alloy axe dating from the Late Bronze Age. It is difficult to judge from the photograph, but the axe seems plain or might possibly have a long thin rib in the centre of each face. The loop and mouth moulding are damaged/missing and there is a long tear in the side opposite the loop. Judging from the picture this is either a long narrow variant of a Yorkshire three-ribbed axe or a variant of Type Everthorpe, both of which are socketed axe types of the Ewart Park metalwork assemblage of Late Bronze Age Britain. 
Find not seen by FLO; photograph of find kindly supplied by finder.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,109.1,,,,82,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Middop,SD8344,From finder,53.89189623,-2.26015381,LANCUM-EFE825,,MikeSteve386501-446903b.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Lancashire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/MikeSteve386501-446903b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/103923.jpg
134099,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1500,"Cast copper-alloy flanged axe of the Arreton metalwork assemblage of the British early Middle Bronze Age dating from c. 1700-1500BC. The axe is complete and has an extremly widely splayed blade. The outside of the flanges bear the characteristic diagonal 'rope' decoration of axes of this type. Judging from the picture, it is complete and apart from striations and other marks of wear on the lower part of the blade, it is undamaged.



The find was not seen by FLO; photograph was kindly supplied by finder.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,19,110,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Middop,SD8344,From finder,53.89189623,-2.26015381,LANCUM-EFEAC0,,MikeSteve386501-446903az.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe of the Arreton metalwork assemblage,Lancashire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/MikeSteve386501-446903az.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/103922.jpg
134309,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A copper-alloy spearhead, probably from the mid-late Bronze Age, c. 1500-800 BC.



The spearhead is approximately 110mm in length. The head is logenze shaped and slightly assymmetrical, probably due to repeated sharpening during its uselife. The head is double-bladed, with semi-circular central ribbing on both faces. The blades are dull and uneven with a number of knicks clearly seen. There are no remains of a socket mount, though some of the socket is visible inside the base of the head.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,110,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Tetford,TF3273,From finder,53.237629,-0.023621,NCL-4300F5,,spearhead.jpg,"NCL-4300F5: A copper-alloy spearhead, probably from the early Roman period.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/104321.jpg
134324,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1800,1699,"Probable copper alloy spear.  The object has an oval socket which has a slightly expanded rim.  The oval profile of the socket narrows the further it extends into the main blade, becoming flat approximately 10mm short of the top.  The sides of the socket are slightly concave and lead into the main body of the spear.  The edges are very worn and appear not to reflect the objects original profile.  The blade edges flare downwards and outwards from the socket in a 'mushroom' shape.  The surface of the object is covered in a very thick layer of greyish mineralised deposit that also covers the inside of the socket as far as is visible.  There is a small area where the surface patina has come off on one side of the socket in between the line of the blade beginnings.  This area reveals two moulded decorative bands set horizontally around the socket.  

This object was discovered lying ontop of another object, recorded on the Portable Antiquities database as LIN-43C802.  This other object is also of uncertain date and function, however it does not display the same surface patina as the ?spear.

The external dimensions of the socket measure 41mm by 18mm, whilst the internal measure 30mm by 12mm.  The length of socket to the start of the blade is 35mm.  The blade width at its widest is 20mm.

The object is similar in some ways to Later Bronze Age tools, such as spears and chisels, although most of these have circular sockets.  oval sockets are seen on some Irish Bronze Age metalwork, however the form, relative thinness and 'tinny' feel to these two items suggests a much later date.

These two items were shown to the British Museum for identification and as potential Treasure, however their verdict was that they were not prehistoric in date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,18,98,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,Eastern,City of Peterborough,City of Peterborough,Barnack,TF0505,From a paper map,52.632606,-0.449981,LIN-436A46,,LIN-436A46.jpg,"Copper alloy ?spear, date uncertain",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN-436A46.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/104339.jpg
134332,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1800,1699,"Possible copper alloy axe or chisel.  The object has a pointed oval socket with a slightly expanded lip.  The socket has concave sides which flare outwards gradually towards the convex cutting edge.  The concave sides have a slight lip to them which disappears once they meet the straight edge.  The hollow socket tapers as it goes towards the cutting edge, being solid approximately 17mm before the edge.  The cutting edge is very worn and blunt.  No decoration is visible.  The surface displays localised evidence of active bronze disease, mixed between light brownish deposits of an uncertain material.

Inside the socket there are three patches of bright green copper corrosion.  Both patches bear a wood grain impression suggesting that the object was once hafted on a wooden shaft.

This object was discovered lying ontop of another object, recorded on the Portable Antiquities database as LIN-436A46.  This other object is also of uncertain date and function, however it does not display the same surface patina as the ?spear.

The external dimensions of the socket measure 46mm by 23mm, whilst the internal measure 30mm by 18mm.  The length of socket to the start of the blade is 18mm.  

The object is similar in some ways to Later Bronze Age tools, such as spears and chisels, although most of these have circular sockets.  oval sockets are seen on some Irish Bronze Age metalwork, however the form, relative thinness and 'tinny' feel to these two items suggests a much later date.

These two items were shown to the British Museum for identification and as potential Treasure, however their verdict was that they were not prehistoric in date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,46,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,Eastern,City of Peterborough,City of Peterborough,Barnack,TF0505,From a paper map,52.632606,-0.449981,LIN-43C802,,LIN-43C802.jpg,"Copper alloy ?axe, date uncertain",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN-43C802.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/104340.jpg
134663,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze age spearhead, 297mm long, 53mm wide and 28mm thick. The spearhead is in good condition with a brown patina and weighs 345 grams. The blade measures 220mm and is 1mm thick at its edge widening to 8mm where it meets the shaft. The shaft tapers gently in width,  28mm in diameter at its base and 5mm at the tip, and has a small ridge running along each side where it meets the blade. The socket has two holes 5mm in diameter, 39mm from the edge.  There is a small amount of damage and corrosion along the base of the socket and one side has patches of red and green corrosion across its centre.",Museum Identification,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Building work,2006-06-04T23:00:00Z,,,,345,,28,28,297,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Corby,Middleton,SP8489,From finder,52.492454,-0.764231,LEIC-96FB06,,96FB06.JPG,Late Bronze age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/96FB06.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/104791.jpg
134892,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"A fragment of a copper alloy, Early Bronze Age, flat axe, probably of the Migdale type, dating from 2150-1500BC.  Approximately one third of the axehead is represented by this piece.  The thinned blade edge survives and flares out at each side.  Before the broken edge, there are slight flanges on the edges of the axehead.  It has been suggested that Bronze Age axes were sometimes sacrificially killed (cut into pieces).  The fragment is 32.4mm long,, 36.2mm wide and 8.8mm thick. It weighs 33.41gm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-05-07T23:00:00Z,,,,33.41,,,8.8,32.4,1,Anna Marshall,Anna Marshall,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Ripley,SE2861,Centred on parish,54.04421561,-1.57389189,SWYOR-EE0306,,,,,,,
134893,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1600,-1400,"A copper alloy, Bronze Age flanged axehead known as a 'Wing-flanged' axe, dating from 1600-1400BC.  The axe is complete but is heavily pitted with corrosion.  On one of the side flanges, there are two small circular patches which may be the remains of a fixing point for a loop.  It is 106mm long, 43.2mm wide (across the blade edge) and 27.9mm thick. It weighs 188.4gm.  Two similar (unprovenanced) parallels can be seen in Nicholson, S, 1980, Catalogue of the Prehistoric Metalwork in Merseyside County Museums, page 87, Numbers 200 & 201.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-05-07T23:00:00Z,,,,188.4,,,27.9,106,1,Anna Marshall,Anna Marshall,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Seamer,TA0283,Centred on parish,54.23255768,-0.4366751,SWYOR-EE1667,,,,,,,
135270,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Early Bronze Age flat axe, made from cast cu-alloy. As far as can be determined from the picture, the axe is plain on both sides, has a narrow butt and a widely splayed cutting edge. If there are signs of wear or re-sharpening marks, we cannot see them on the images; they may be very faint. 
This axe is part of the Brithdir metalwork assemblage and dates from ca. 2150-2000BC

Unfortunately, we do not have any measurements for the axe, but many thanks to the finder for supplying the images attached to this entry.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Middop,SD8344,From finder,53.89189623,-2.26015381,LANCUM-2CCC31,,SCLancashireFlatAxe1d.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe ,Lancashire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/SCLancashireFlatAxe1d.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/105738.jpg
135271,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A short cast copper-alloy flanged axe with high, triangular-shaped flanges and no stop ridge. The side view shows that the flanges almost form a diamond in plan. The sides are parallel and the blade is moderately splayed. From the image supplied by the finder alone, signs of wear or re-sharpening marks are difficult to distinguish, but the uncurved/unworked flanges may suggest that, in fact, it had not received a haft and was never used.



This short flanged axe is was probably part of the Taunton metalwork assemblage dating from approximately 1400-1300BC



Many thanks to the finder for providing the image for this find.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,5,10,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Rimington,SD8344,From finder,53.89189623,-2.26015381,LANCUM-2CCF05,,SCLancashirePalstave1a.JPG,Bronze Age palstave,Lancashire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/SCLancashirePalstave1a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/105739.jpg
135620,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe fragment, c. 1150-800BC The axehead is represented by the blade end fragment with a surviving length of 28.8mm and weighing 40.2g. The axehead has broken across the base of the socket, which has a length of 21.8mm and a width of 4.4mm. The axehead has a width of 33.9mm and a thickness of 10.55mm at the break. The sides are rounded across their width, and are divergent towards the blade tips (with a surviving blade width of 42.10mm), producing a moderately expanded blade. The blade edge is eroded and is gently curved. Both faces are plain for the surviving fragment. The surface has a pale to mid green patina. Socketed axes date from the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, in the Wilburton metalworking industry, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 6 (c.1,150 - 950 BC), however most axes recovered tend to date to the Ewart Park Metalworking Industry (Needham's ibid. Period 7), c. 950 - 750BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,40.2,,,10.55,28.8,1,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Wenvoe,ST1172,From a paper map,51.439977,-3.28188,NMGW-A5E573,,2006181.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2006181.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629310.jpg
135647,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1000,"An incomplete cast copper alloy rapier, dating from the Taunton phase of the Middle Bronze Age, between 1300 – 1000 BC (length: 120mm; width at shoulder: 45mm; thickness at mid blade: 5.5mm; weight: 76.6g).  The artefact can probably be classified as a Trump Group II: Thetford Class rapier (see Trump, B, A, V, 1962, ‘The Origin and development of British Middle Bronze Age Rapiers’ in ‘Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society’, pages 80 – 102.

Only part of the butt, shoulder and blade remain.  In plan, the artefact is an inverted and elongated sub-triangle with a convex side-section.  The sides curve inwards below the shoulder/ butt to form the incomplete tapering blade (width at broken end of blade: 19mm).  At the shoulder/ butt of the rapier, there are two probably deliberate notches instead of rivet holes in opposing corners to the left and right, with an approximate diameter of 11mm, and a slightly incomplete straight edge above and between the rivet holes, forming a trapezoidal appearance at the top of the artefact.  A worn but prominent midrib is evident on both sides of the rapier commences from the butt, with an additional rib to either side which follows the curve of the each shoulder.  All three ribs continue to the break half way down the blade.  The blade edge is slightly incomplete in all areas due to corrosion and old breaks.  Overall, the artefact is in a worn but fair condition with a slightly pitted surface and little of the original green/ brown patina remaining.

Similar examples are illustrated in Trump’s paper (see details above), particularly on page 85, figs 10 (found at the River Ouse, Thetford) & 11 (found at the River Shannon), which are both of the Group II Thetford Class.  On page 87, Trump states that the distinguishing feature of this class is that instead of rivet holes, the rapiers have punched (probably) penannular and deliberate notches at the corners of the butt, as well as the strongly moulded blade with an arris.  Although no moulds of this rapier have ever been found before 1962, they have a wide distribution with a prominent number found in the Fens (where they seem to have generated from in England) as well as others from around England, but a large number have been found in Ireland and Scotland.

Another example of the Thetford Class is illustrated in Moore, C, N & Rowlands, M, 1972, ‘Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum’, page 60 & plate XIII, ref no 69, from Pen pits, probably in Penselwood, Somerset.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-04-25T23:00:00Z,,,,76.6,,,5.5,120,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Alrewas and Fradley,SK1514,From a paper map,52.723443,-1.779349,WMID-A78747,,WMID-A78747.JPG,Bronze Age rapier (front and back),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-A78747.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/106226.jpg
135676,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper alloy dirk (in three pieces), dating to the Middle Bronze Age, between 1500 – 1150 BC (approximate length: 161mm; width at shoulder: 37mm; thickness at mid blade: 5.5mm; overall weight: 75.2g).

The first part of the artefact is the incomplete butt and shoulder (length: 62.5mm; width: see above; thickness of shoulder: 5mm; weight: 40.6g).  The butt has a flat-sectioned rounded top with the remains of two incomplete rivet holes in opposing corners to the left and right, with an approximate diameter of 8mm (both rivets are missing).  The butt is also broken (an old break) and incomplete below the rivet holes, but the sides of the shoulder below curve inwards to form the start of a tapering blade.  This first part of the artefact, however, is broken (an old break) approximately 27mm below where the shoulder of the dirk begins to taper inwards.

The second part of the dirk (length: 61mm; width: 16.5mm; thickness at mid blade: see above; weight: 23.7g) immediately and precisely follows on from the break to the butt and shoulders with a fragment of the convex-sectioned mid blade, which still tapers inwards.  The blade edge to either side is worn and incomplete.

The third and final part of the artefact (length: 43mm; width: 12.5mm; thickness: 5.5mm; weight: 10.9g) continues approximately from where the mid blade fragment of the preceding part broke.  This third piece is also a fragment of the convex-sectioned blade, which is just slightly tapering, possibly indicating that this bottom fragment was broken or corroded just above the tip.

Down the central length of the top two sections, the dirk has a flat mid rib, which commences at the shoulder of the artefact and continues to follow the length of the blade approximately 4mm from the blade edge, which tapers downwards from this point.  Overall, the dirk is in a worn but fair condition with many areas of the original brown patina remaining, although there are also areas of corrosion, on one side of the artefact in particular.

A similar dirk is illustrated in Savory, H, N, 1980, ‘Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections’ in the National Museum of Wales, pages 113 & 176, fig 28, ref no 244, found at Newchurch, North Wales.

Another example is illustrated in Watson, P, J, 1993, ‘Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums’, page 10, ref no 83, found in Kent at the Isle of Thanet.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-04-25T23:00:00Z,,,,75.2,,,5.5,161,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Wigginton and Hopwas,SK1703,From a paper map,52.62449916,-1.75030075,WMID-A934D4,,WMID-A934D4.jpg,Bronze Age dirk (front and back),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-A934D4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/106262.jpg
136425,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,1200,50,"
Unidentified copper-alloy object, age unknown - possible Iron Age/Bronze Age. Crudely cast, broken or damaged, open work, trefoil shaped artefact of uncertain function, consisting of three roughly circular loops of various relative sizes and with attractive dark green patina. Damaged in places - mainly top and bottom where it is possible a further extension may have come from - now broken off. Function unknown but it has similarities to a harness terret.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-26T00:00:00Z,,,,9.4,,,8,28,1,Geoff Burr,Geoff Burr,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Chelsham and Farleigh,TQ3757,From a paper map,51.29565376,-0.03643243,KENT-8FAE08,,DSCN2720.JPG,Kent-8FAE08 Uncertain period Uncertain object class Uncertain object type Back view,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gburr/DSCN2720.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/107242.jpg
136463,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,A fragment of the upper part of a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. The fragment comprises the corner of the socket and part of the wall.,Brought to the PAS Conservation day at Aylesbury Museum,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,12.76,,,,24,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Great and Little Chishill,TL4139,From a paper map,52.031491,0.053957,SUR-92C012,,05.990b.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment (inside),Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.990b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/107018.jpg
136469,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-900,"Probable late Bronze Age 1200-900BC Copper alloy, cast, broken, curved rhomboidal shaped, probable implement fragment with wedge shaped cross-section, from sword or axe blade. Attractive green surface patina but some chipping around the edges.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,,16,,,6,30,1,Geoff Burr,Geoff Burr,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Limpsfield,TQ3855,GPS (from the finder),51.27743962,-0.02287092,KENT-932534,,DSCN2727.JPG,Kent-932534 Bronze Age Implement Axe/sword fragment side/cross section view,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gburr/DSCN2727.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/107248.jpg
136643,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A small worn cast copper-alloy fragment, the dark green patina of which suggests a possible Bronze Age date. The fragment is roughly triangular in shape, with an L-shaped cross-section, expanding to a sub-triangular section.  It is curved internally and has polished, curved edges.  Its cross-section is not immediately suggestive of a Bronze Age object type; it narrows considerably over its relatively small width.",Other fragments of such antiquity have been found in this parish and recorded on this database.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-08-26T23:00:00Z,,,,3.3,,,,15.5,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kings Somborne,SU3631,From a paper map,51.077201,-1.487495,HAMP-E20986,,HAMP-E20986BAfragment.jpg,Unidentified (possibly) Bronze Age fragment,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-E20986BAfragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/107370.jpg
136710,Vessel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,-300,"Twenty fragments of a handmade vessel or vessels. The sherds are body fragments. The fabric of each sherd tempered with frequent medium and small sized shell inclusions. The core of the sherds are either a dark or mid grey colour, the interiors are dark brown/grey and mid brown colour and the exteriors are either a mid brown, dark grey or orange. The sherds weigh, 465g.






The sherds probably date to the late Bronze Age to early Iron Age period.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Chance find during metal detecting,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,465,,,,,20,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP3141,From a paper map,52.066511,-1.549192,WAW-FECB55,,,,,,,
136754,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"Possible fragment of Late Bronze Age sword of the Carps Tongue type.

In section this fragment has a prominent mid-rib 5.4mm thick and c.10mm wide. One side of this is missing (probably recent damage). On the other side the blade extends c.11mm, thickening after it narrows either side of the mid-rib, then thinning towards the blade edge which is missing its bevelled edge, also due to recent damage.

The metal is dark green in colour and has a rough feel. The fragment measures 26.7mm wide (probably originally c.38-40mm wide), is 20.1mm in length and max5.4mm thick. It weighs 7.01g.

Carps Tongue swrods date from the 9th to 8th century BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,7.01,,,5.4,20.1,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Damerham,SU1015,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),50.934363,-1.859065,WILT-26B5B1,,AV0706unid.jpg,Possible Late Bronze Age Carps Tongue sword fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/AV0706unid.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/107276.jpg
136919,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,The blade of a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. The hollow is asymmetrically cast and one long side has a very thin wall. There are nicks in the blade edge.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,16,42,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Kent,,GILLINGHAM,TQ7764,From a paper map,51.347516,0.540213,SUR-4C7C85,,05.997b.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe blade,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.997b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/107155.jpg
137012,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,Fragment of a probable copper alloy socketed axe.  Only about one third of the object remains.  The socket end has an outturned lip.  The sides of the object are very worn and slightly convex.  The corners are rounded and worn.  The sides taper to a tip or cutting edge which again is very worn and damaged.  Internally there are incomplete three ribs or ridges.  The object has the feel and patination of a Late Bronze Age socketd axe that has been miscast.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,21,61,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Newton and Haceby,TF0536,From a paper map,52.911178,-0.440055,LIN-61F867,,LIN4472.JPG,Unidentified copper alloy object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN4472.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/107179.jpg
137045,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,1200,"A copper-alloy mid Bronze Age socketed and looped spearhead. The spearhead has a leaf shaped blade and the loops on the socket which are a characteristic feature of native British spearheads. These loops are located 20.5 mm from the beginning of the blade, distinguishing the spearhead from late Bronze Age examples which tend to have the loops incorporated into the base of the blade. The spearhead is in relatively poor condition, missing its tip and the end of the socket, along with wear to the edges of the blade and the socket itself. It was found in two pieces by the finder who has reattached them. The diameter of the socket at its (broken) opening is 14 mm. The artefact measures 98.1 mm in length. The blade tapers from 22.3 mm to 8.3 mm at its point. 
 This weapon dates from circa 1500 to 1200 BC. Similar examples are illustrated in Cheetham (1977, 47; 33-34).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,36.6,,,14.6,98.1,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Gayton,SP7053,From a paper map,52.170832,-0.977876,NARC-673FE3,,NARC-673FE3spearhead.jpg,Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed and looped spear head,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-673FE3spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/108052.jpg
137216,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy barbed and tanged arrowhead, dating to the Bronze Age, between 2150 - 800 BC (length: 42mm; width at barbs: 28mm; thickness: 2mm; weight: 7.67g).


The haft end of a flat arrowhead with bevelled blade edges to the left and right on the outside of the barbs, which is also visible on both sides of the artefact.  The barbs are both broken but have a surviving length of 5mm (measured at the longest surviving barb), a width of 7mm with a thickness of 2mm.  The outside blade edges of the arrowhead slant inwards to taper towards the blade tip, which is no longer present as approximately 20mm of the artefact is now missing.  On one side of the arrowhead, the notches between the tang and the barbs are facetted with a recession of 6mm.  The slightly incomplete (due to corrosion) sub-rectangular and flat tang, which tapers to a thin rounded point at the tip is 19mm long, 9.5mm wide and 2mm thick, with the outside edges down the length of the tang also slightly bevelled.  The arrowhead is in a slightly worn but good condition with a light brown patina, although there are numerous tiny scratches on both sides, which appear to have been done recently, possibly due to cleaning.


An identical example has already been recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database by Dr Helen Geake (SF6680), and was found by metal detecting in Bradfield Combust with Stanningfield in Suffolk. Dr. Geake states that the Suffolk example also has the notches between the tang and the barbs on one side only, which suggests that that the artefact 'may be cast rather than created as a secondary process.  If this is the case, the object must have been manufactured as an arrowhead rather than being made as a secondary process from a fragment of another artefact; this makes it extremely rare'.  Dr. Geake also states that 'tanged (usually with barbs) copper-alloy arrowheads are known from the late bronze Age in Britain and western Europe, though they are rare'.  However, the Suffolk example, according to Dr. Geake, is more in common wit early Bronze Age forms and may be of this date, which at the time of writing the Suffolk record, would make it the only Early Bronze Age example known from Britain, therefore making this example also incredibly rare.


Other examples are also illustrated in Watson, P, J, 1993, 'Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric metalwork in Birmingham City Museums', page 11, ref no 90, found in Britain but with no provenance, as well as page 26, ref nos 328 (found at the Swiss Lakes; no provenance); 329 (found at Lake Neuchatel) and 330 (found at the Swiss Lakes: no provenance).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-02-15T00:00:00Z,,,,7.67,,,2,42,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Easenhall,SP4579,From a paper map,52.407163,-1.33993,WMID-CE6A76,,WMID-CE6A76.JPG,Bronze Age arrowhead (front and back),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-CE6A76.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/108311.jpg
137603,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze age socketed gouge, 66.5mm long and 14mm in diameter. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 28.41 grams. The object is circular at one end and for three quarters of its length it tapers gradually, becoming crescentic in section with a curved edge. The section is formed of two distinct ridges which run along its length before converging and disappearing into the now circular body. The circular end of the object is hollow, forming a socket with a wall 5mm thick, whilst the rest is solid. There is a deep crescent shaped area missing from the socket, which appears to have rendered it useless.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-06-21T23:00:00Z,,,,28.41,,14,,66.5,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,King's Norton,,,,,LEIC-4AC3D3,,4AC3D3.JPG,Bronze age copepr alloy socketed gouge,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/4AC3D3.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/108693.jpg
137663,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,A socketed knife of mid-late Bronze Age date. The blade has a central rounded ridge and the areas to either side of this are slightly concave. The blade edges are both still sharp. The incomplete tang is 13.5mm wide and tapers in side view. Near the tang is a break repaired with glue by the finder,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1995-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,30.39,,,6,126,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Chilcomb,SU5227,From a paper map,51.040011,-1.259693,SUR-4E9DA7,,05.1028.jpg,Bronze Age tanged knife,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/05.1028.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/108382.jpg
137882,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"A cast copper alloy bead. The bead is circular in plan, and is rectangular with rounded edges in profile. The central hole is 9.02mm diameter and is slightly irregular. One side of the bead is slightly more narrow then the other; there is a 0.16mm difference. This may be due to casting rather than wear. The surface of the bead has small areas of corrosion, otherwise it has a mid-dark green patina. The bead measures 16.76mm diameter and 10.98mm thick. It weighs 8.97g.

The bead could date from the Bronze Age to possibly the Roman period.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-04-24T23:00:00Z,2006-05-24T23:00:00Z,,,8.97,,16.76,10.98,,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Pershore,SO9447,From a paper map,52.121281,-2.089049,WAW-63B0B4,,WAW-63B0B4.jpg,"Bronze Age to Roman bead, possibly (plan and profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-63B0B4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/109017.jpg
138082,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2050,"Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe of Type Migdale (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981) or Class 3D, Type Barton Stacey (following Needham et al. forthcoming), and dating to the Brithdir assemblage (c. 2200/2150 - 2050 BC) during Needham's (1996, pp 127 - 130) Period 2, c. 2,300 - 2,050BC.



The flat axe is complete and has an overall length of 150.4mm and weighs 503.9g. The butt is square with a width of 24mm and is tapered to a thickness of 3mm. The sides are divergent and are straight for some 50mm before they become concave to the expanded blade. The sides are moderately flat across their thickness, but appear to have been hammered towards the centre. The axe is thickest near its centre at 11.5mm. The blade is wide at 88.69mm with only a slightly curved blade edge. The blade facet begins 10mm from the current (eroded) blade edge. Both faces are gently convex and no decoration is evident. One face has a prominent casting flaw, probably caused by an air bubble (8mm diameter, 3.4mm deep) within a hollowed area. The axe has a green brown patina with peripheral areas of surface loss (light to mid green colour). One face is currently suffering from active bronze corrosion.



Note - Peter Reavill - 18/5/21.



This axe appears in Stuart Needham 2017: The Classification of Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Copper and Bronze Axe-head from Souther Britain.as his Cat No: 32","Aquired by Roger Mcilroy who reported the find to Swansea Museum. More than 30 Migdale flat axes have been recorded from Wales, with a concentration in south-east Wales (Savory 1980, pp 43) . The discovery of a hoard containing two similar fragmentary Migdale flat axes was recovered from nearby Oxwich Bay (Gwilt & Macdonald) . This example can also be paralleled in Wales with examples recovered from St Georges-super-Ely, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, pp 43. No. 110) and Pontardulais, Swansea (ibid. No. 112).



Another Class 3D, Barton Stacey type axe was found at Bala, Gwynedd (Green 1985, 275, Pl. 1), currently held at National Museum Wales (AC-NMW 79.49H).",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by a museum - not a Treasure case,Metal detector,,,,,503.9,,,3,150.4,1,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Pennard,SS5786,,51.55470943,-4.06404546,NMGW-89E573,,2006.21.JPG,Flat Axe Migdale,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2006.21.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/109087.jpg
138367,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe fragment, c. 1,150 - 750BC This is a small fragment from the side of a socketed axe of uncertain type and has a maximum surviving length of 30.53mm and weighs 20.2g. The side has a loop (24.27mm long 7.41mm wide and 9.78mm deep). The loop is irregular and springs from immediately beneath (5.3mm) the rim and there is no evidence of a mouth moulding. The casting seam is evident above the loop. The edges of the axe fragment are turning inwards, probably to the faces, and have a maximum width of 27.1mm. The fragment is distorted possibly from heat (melting) or possibly from being miscast.","Socketed axes date from the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, in the Wilburton metalworking industry, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 6 (c.1,150 - 950 BC), however most axes recovered tend to date to the Ewart Park Metalworking Industry (Needham's ibid. Period 7), c. 950 - 750BC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.2,,,,30.53,1,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llanharry,ST0179,From a paper map,51.501237,-3.427673,NMGW-F26A64,,2006261.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2006261.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629324.jpg
138377,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Middle or Late Bronze Age bronze flanged axe or palstave fragment, c. 1,450 - 750BC The axe is represented by the butt only, with a surviving length of 37.69mm and weighs 30.5g. The butt is rounded, but may be eroded and has a width of 22.71mm. The sides are straight and fairly parallel with a maximum width at the break of 24.64mm. The casting seams are prominent on both sides. The flanges begin before the butt and rise to a maximum surviving height of 15.00mm. The septum is flat and tapers to the butt, with a thickness at the break of 7.1mm. Air bubbles are evident in the bronze at the break and may have caused a weakness, resulting in the fracture. The fragment has poor surface preservation, but where the surface survives it has a black patina, elsewhere the fragment is pale to mid green.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.5,,,7.1,37.69,1,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,ST0179,From a paper map,51.501237,-3.427673,NMGW-F2F5E1,,2006262.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2006262.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629326.jpg
138975,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy casting gate or sprue, 23mm long, 19mm wide and 16mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a greenish/brown patina and weighs 17.25 grams. The object consists of a sub-oval shaped base which tapers inwards gently. Above this the object divides into two sub-circular shafts, 6mm in diameter, which emerge at a 45o angle. The object represents the waste metal that would have 'plugged' the pouring funnel of a mould and would have been removed from a finished object.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,,17.25,,,16,23,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Hallaton,SP7998,From a paper map,52.574092,-0.835719,LEIC-9D58D5,,9D58D5.JPG,Bronze Age Copper alloy Casting gate,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/9D58D5.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/109932.jpg
139987,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe of uncertain type and of Ewart Park metalworking phase, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to 950 - 750BC.



The axe is incomplete, missing the blade, the mouth and loop, giving the axe a surviving length of 80.87mm and weight of 229.0g. The surviving mouth is uneven and irregular because of insufficient bronze to fill the mould during casting. The mouth has an oval profile with external dimensions of 46.95mm x 38.28mm (37.85 x 30.55mm internal). One face is higher at the mouth and appears to be turning out slightly, before it would have formed a slight mouth moulding. There is no evidence for whether the casting process employed a two-runner or four-runner technology. The collar is deep (26mm) and is concave on the more complete face. The remains of the loop begin beneath the mouth and are confined within the collar. The casting seams are prominent on both sides but have been finished. The sides are straight, but are beginning to flare outwards at the break. Beneath the collar, the axe has a sub-rectangular body profile. Both faces are decorated with three short (35mm) parallel ribs, which begin at the base of the collar. The axe has a width of 46.94mm and a thickness of 16.72mm at the break The surface of the axe is in good condition with a mid to dark green patina, additional black deposits on the surface may be the remains of an applied tenorite deposit. The axe is of an unusual form, with the loop confined within the collar. An axe recovered from Sesswick, Wrexham (Savory 1980, pp 108, No. 194, fig. 25) also has a deep and concave collar and is decorated with three short parallel ribs, although the loop begins at the base of the collar and the axe mouth is of sub-rectangular profile.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,229,,,16.72,80.87,1,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Tidenham,ST5798,From a paper map,51.679108,-2.623307,NMGW-41AEA2,,200636.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/200636.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629330.jpg
140052,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A cast copper alloy awl. The awl is a shaft which, at the mid point, is sub-square in section. It has slightly rounded corners. One side of the awl tapers to a long blunt point. As it tapers it becomes sub-rectangular in section with rounded corners. The opposite terminal also tapers, but does not lose as much width or depth and continues to have a sub-square section. This terminal also finishes with a blunt point. Therefore in profile the awl is an asymmetrical lentoid. The awl has a well developed mid green patina. It measures 34.04mm long, 4.45mm wide and 4.01mm thick. It weighs 2.24g.

The awl probably dates to the Bronze Age. Needham (in Longley, D. & Needham, S 1980 ‘Runnymede Bridge 1976: Excavations on the site of a Late Bronze Age settlement’, Surrey Archaeological Society Volume 6, page 19.) discusses awls and comments they cannot be dated with accuracy within the Bronze Age period as they are found in Early Bronze Age contexts, such as graves as well as Middle and Late Bronze Age hoards.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,2.24,,,4.01,34.04,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Grandborough,SP4968,From a paper map,52.307936,-1.282737,WAW-457962,,WAW-457962.jpg,Bronze Age Awl (plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-457962.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/110872.jpg
140664,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1700,"Irregular lump of copper alloy (probably bronze) casting waste. The surface is bumpy and pitted and it measures 55.3x38.3x27.8mm.

It weighs 112.16g, perhaps a little light considering its dimensions.

Casting waste is difficult to date as it is found from the Bronze Age to the post medieval period.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,112.16,,,27.8,55.3,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Witham Friary,ST7441,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.167647,-2.373242,WILT-C5EBD0,,DC0806cake.JPG,Undatable casting waste,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/DC0806cake.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/111199.jpg
140991,Strap Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Cast bronze strap fitting probably of Late Bronze Age date, c. 12th to 7th century BC The decorative strap fitting is circular and resembles a button with a diameter of 20.37 -20.97mm and a weight of 4.5g. The rear of the fitting has a central integral loop with a length of 10.17mm, a maximum width of 7.52mm (minimum width 3.17mm) and a depth of 3.68mm (2.3mm internal). The surface of the rear is coarse and unfinished. The rear is concave and displays a cast 'channel' for guiding a thin strap, the interior of the cannel is more even than the surrounding surface. The front of the fitting comprises two raised concentric circles and a central knop, divided by cast rounded channels. The head has a thickness of 3.9mm. The edge of the fitting is rounded and the central knop projects slightly above the raised circles, giving the fitting a maximum depth of 6.95mm. The fitting has areas of good surface preservation with a mid-brown patina.","These fittings are unusual finds and can be paralleled with examples in a hoard of Late Bronze Age decorative strap fittings and horse-gear found at Abergele, Conwy (Savory, 1980, pp 119, Nos. 269-271) of Wilberton metalworking phase, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 6 dated to, to c. 1,150 - 950BC. A close parallel may be seen in an example recovered from a 9th to 7th century BC context in Wiltshire and in Wiltshire Heritage Museum , published by Read (2005, pp1, No. 2) . The Wilshire example has lost its loop, which appears to have been slight and more delicate than this example.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.5,,20.97,3.9,10.17,1,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,,,,,,NMGW-3FE865,,2006551.jpg,Bronze Age strap fitting,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2006551.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629331.jpg
141263,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-900,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age spearhead, measuring 49.8mm in length, max.12mm wide, and weighing 7.42g.

Almost all original patina is missing and no original cutting edge survives. It is extensively worn. The tip is missing.

In section the spearhead has a circular shaft (6.6mm diameter), apparantly with a clay fill, if so presumably left over from the casting process and creating a weak point for the spear to snap at.

The spearhead has a prominent mid-rib. From its current outline (although heavily worn and damaged) it is probably Greenwell and Brewis Type Va, and would have had peg-holes for attachment instead of loops. This would give a Late Bronze Age date, c.10th-11th century BC.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,7.42,,,,49.8,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Stert,SU0259,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.330094,-1.97268,WILT-6C4335,,DC0806spear.jpg,Late Bronze Age spearhead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/DC0806spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/111209.jpg
141268,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-1000,"Middle/ Late Bronze Age incomplete tanged chisel, missing its tang and with a little damage to one corner of the cutting edge.

The incomplete object measures 49mm in length and is c.24.1mm wide at the cutting edge, which is 0.8mm thick. Where the blade extends from the tang it is 5.6mm thick. It is trinagular at this point, extending from an oval sectioned piece of tang extending below the collar.

The oval collar 14.8x13mm, 3.3mm thick spearates the main tang (the broken stump of which is c.9x7mm and oval) and blade (which thins out of the tang below the collar.

The casting flashes on the sides of the blade have been worn down but are just visible. Where the blade is broken it has been bent upwards. it is a relatively old break.

The patina is green, smooth and shiny.

Dot Bruns comments there is an example very similar in Roth, H. 1974. 'Ein Ledermesser der atlantischen Bronzezeit aus Mittelfranken'. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 4, 37-47.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,22.73,,,,49,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Bath and North East Somerset,Bath and North East Somerset,Swainswick,ST7569,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.419457,-2.36091,WILT-6C7672,,DC0806chisel.jpg,Mid/ Late Bronze Age chisel,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/DC0806chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/111200.jpg
141336,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Bronze age copper alloy palstave axe, 131mm long, 45 mm wide and 21mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 310.5 grams. The axe is divided equally by its central straight stop ridge, which is about 3mm wide. The blade contains a small, central semi-circular depression, 5mm deep, which ends at the stop. From here the blade gently tapers outwards with slight flaring at the edge of the rounded blade, 45mm wide. It thins from 21mm at the stop down to 13mm at the centre of the blade. The butt has curved flanges which are at their widest in the centre, giving them an eliptcal form, and stop just past the stop ridge. The very end of the butt is damaged and the axe is missing patches of surface all over, but is generally in fair condition.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-21T23:00:00Z,,,,310.5,,,25,131,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Blaby,Leicester Forest East,SK5302,From finder,52.613197,-1.218684,LEIC-7ED2F8,,DSCN9028.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy Palstave axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/DSCN9028.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/112228.jpg
141479,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2100,-700,Copper alloy casting jet with two runners.  Sub-rectangular in plan.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-05-19T23:00:00Z,,,,29.24,,,18.62,22.31,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Hatfield Broad Oak,,,,,KENT-8496D8,,PAK169-031.JPG,KENT-8496D8.  Bronze Age copper alloy casting jet.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK169-031.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/170516.jpg
141548,Vessel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2100,-1700,"Pottery rim sherd with bevelled everted rim, decorated with fine comb-impressed dashed lines in bands of six, delineated by a plain band between. The core of the sherd has been oxidised to a light brown colour and the exterior and interior surfaces to a more orangey-brown colour. The exterior surface has been sooted and still has carbonised remains extant. The fabric looks, from microscopic investigation, to have mica, white feldspar, quartz sands and killas inclusions, which is typical of the local beaker wares made during the Early Bronze Age in Cornwall. Comparable beaker vessels with similar inclusions (Parker Pearson, 1990, p.11) and decoration have been found at sites in Penwith, such as Trevedra and Praa Sands, illustrated in Clarke's corpus, 1970, pp.378-9, Nos.814 & 820. Beaker Period c.2500-1700 cal BC, but the current dating for Beakers from Cornwall is c.2100-1700 cal BC (Andy Jones pers comm).",,4,,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,2006-02-08T00:00:00Z,2006-02-08T00:00:00Z,,,2,,,4.6,21,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Paul,SW4626,From a paper map,50.079713,-5.551678,CORN-B60B38,,340.1section.jpg,Early Bronze Age Beaker pottery rim sherd (section),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/340.1section.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/112645.jpg
141877,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1000,"A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy quoit headed pin.  In plan the head of the pin is circular with a concentric circular hole.  The cross section of the head is in the form of a flat rectangle.  The exterior shape of the head tapers down in a curve to form the top of the shaft which is oval in section.  The shaft further tapers to a point and the section changes to round as it does so.  A similar pin was found in Chilton Polden, Somerset (Pearce 1983:509 no.633).  Reference: Pearce, S. 1983. The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain.  BAR British Series 120 (ii).  Oxford. Quoit headed pins generally date to the Taunton phase of the Middle Bronze Age, circa 1500-1200 BC. Dimensions: Length 115.84mm; width 31.65mm; weight 15.89g",Found during Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-25T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,15.89,,,,115.84,1,David Williams,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3983,From finder,51.54455436,-1.43900311,BERK-00C588,,y38.jpg,Bronze Age Pin,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/y38.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/112903.jpg
141904,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,A mid Bronze Age side-looped spear (1500-1150BC). The spear has a short leaf-shaped blade and a long (longer that the blade) tapering socket that extends the length of the spear. Located midway down the socket are two opposed side loops. The copper alloy has a dark green patina. Dimensions: Diameter at socket 14.75mm; maximum width of blade 14.37mm; length 97.57mm; weight 31.11g,"Found during Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally, 26-28 Aug",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-25T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,31.11,,,,97.57,1,David Williams,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3883,,51.54462239,-1.45342267,BERK-02E424,,y49.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/y49.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/112904.jpg
142046,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1750,-1500,"A butt fragment from a middle to early late Bronze Age flanged axehead. The fragment includes part of the septum and the flanges and tapers outwards from the narrow butt-end towards the broken edge. It is a light green colour with a corrosion pitted surface. Dimensions: length 59.95mm width 24.70mm; weight 61g



The find was first identified as a palstave however the height of the flanges and their length combined with the lack of a stopridge make this unlikely. On the available evidence this is closer in form to a long flanged axehead see for example LVPL-558FA2 on the database. The long flanges will classify this either as a long flanged axehead or a developed flat axe. The flanges appear to be cast favouring the former type, although the diverging sides may indicate the latter. In either circumstance this form dates to the Early Bronze Age c. 1750-1500 cal BC (Following Roberts et al 2013). This type may further be refined if consulting Needham's (2018) schema or that of Schmidt and Burgess (1981)",Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-25T23:00:00Z,2006-08-25T23:00:00Z,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,61,,,,59.96,1,David Williams,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3883,From finder,51.54462239,-1.45342267,BERK-1B34C0,,y62.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/y62.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/112919.jpg
142065,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A late Bronze Age copper alloy fragment of a bun-shaped ingot .   The fragment has a plano-convex cross-section that is flat on the lower surface and slightly domed on the upper surface, the fractured edge shows a large grain size commensurate with rough casting.  The shape and thickness of the fragment is uneven. Copper alloy  ingot fragments are common in hoards of the Ewart  Park phase of the late Bronze Age circa 1000-800 BC. The copper alloy has a glossy dark green patina.    Dimensions:  Length 24.0mm; width 15.18mm; weight 9.52g",Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug 2006,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-25T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,9.52,,,,24,1,Kate Sumnall,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3982,From finder,51.53556339,-1.43911359,BERK-3344F1,,ylo122.jpg,Bronze Age scrap metal,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/ylo122.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/120392.jpg
142220,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Cast copper alloy socketed axehead dating from the Late Bronze Age, Yorkshire type that is c. 1000-800BC. . Length 90mm, width 42mm, thickness 35mm, weight 241.65g. It has a prominent bulbous collar below which is horizontal moulding. The upper body is narrow at the sides and diverges to an expanded cutting edge that forms into a splayed, elongated wedge-shape. The loop is broad with its upper end merging with the horizontal moulding, and the lower end slightly splayed out extending to the edges of the side. It is decorated on both sides with three sets of ribs. About 70% of the original patina remains, interspersed with patches of corrosion. The forward edge has a series of striations running down the length of the blade, these are marks from use.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,,,,,241.65,,,35,90,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Bath and North East Somerset,Bath and North East Somerset,Norton Malreward,ST6066,From finder,51.39162,-2.576274,GLO-57A477,,1290 bronze Age axe head view 1.JPG,1290 bronze Age axe head view 1.JPG,Bristol City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/1290 bronze Age axe head view 1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/113193.jpg
142231,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Cast copper alloy chisel length 56mm, diameter 15mm, thickness 2mm,  weight 18.68g width of blade 12mm.  Crescent shape blade which extends backwards 29mm, the object is socketed with an aperture of about 11mm, however, this as well as a large section of the left side is heavily truncated as a result of corrosion. A casting seam runs around the edge.  The artefact is heavily corroded. 

This artefact dates to the middle to late Bronze Age 1500-800BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.68,,,2,56,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Ston Easton,,,,,GLO-5856D2,,1297 Bronze Age chisel.JPG,1297 Bronze Age chisel.JPG,Bristol City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/1297 Bronze Age chisel.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/113194.jpg
142371,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier (1500-1150 BC).  The long thin blade expands in width at the top to form a sub-semi-circular shape.  At the top of this are two incomplete perforations.  The rapier is bent at an obtuse angle midway down its length, the end of the blade is broken and missing.  Very similar examples are reported in the middle Bronze Age hoards found at Taunton and Penard (Rohl & Needham 1998:129, 131).    Dimensions: Length 198.5mm; width 44.01mm; width of blade: 14.92mm; thickness: 4.43mm; weight 89g  Reference: Rohl, B. and Needham, S. 1998.  The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis.  The British Museum Occasional Paper No. 102.  The British Museum, London.",Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-25T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,89,,,,198.5,1,David Williams,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3983,From finder,51.54455436,-1.43900311,BERK-6C30D2,,o251.jpg,A middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier (1500-1150BC). Ticker no. Or 251,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksutton/o251.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/153586.jpg
142573,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,A late Bronze Age copper alloy fragment of a socketed axehead (circa 1150-1050 BC).  The fragment comprises a section of the rim of the socket.  The rim has a D-shaped cross-section.  Below the rim is a groove and then a raised ridge.  The breaks have the same mid green patina as the rest of the surface suggesting the damage occurred in antiquity.  Dimensions: length 39.41mm; width 30.03mm; weight 13.21g,Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-25T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,13.21,,,,39.41,1,Kate Sumnall,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3983,From finder,51.54455436,-1.43900311,BERK-82C6A3,,o265.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/o265.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/113487.jpg
142668,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,A copper alloy middle Bronze Age fragment from the socket of a socketed spear (circa 1500-1150BC). The stubs of side loops remain. Mid-green patina Dimensions: length 32.76mm; diameter top 8.56mm; diameter bottom 12.95mm; weight 6.40g,Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug 2006,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-27T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,6.4,,,,32.76,1,Kate Sumnall,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3783,From finder,51.54468863,-1.46784228,BERK-950D76,,o11.jpg,Bronze Age socket of spearhead,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/o11.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/113563.jpg
142823,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead fragment, 39mm long, 14mm wide and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a dark brown patina and weighs 6.94 grams. The object is triangular in form and consists of a central circular shaft which tapers to a point. This is flanked by a narrow blade, C.5mm wide, on each side.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-10T23:00:00Z,,,,6.94,,,6,39,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Thrussington,SK6415,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.728865,-1.053728,LEIC-AA14C1,,AA14C1 .JPG,Bronze age copper alloy spear tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/AA14C1 .JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/113826.jpg
142889,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,A late Bronze Age copper alloy fragment of a sword blade (circa 1150 - 800 BC). The width of the blade tapers from 17.53mm to 15.36mm.  It has a lens-shaped cross section with bevelled blade edges.  The cutting edges are damaged.  Dark green patina  Dimensions: Diameter 35.58mm; width 17.53mm; thickness 3.63mm; weight 8.87g,Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug 2006,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-27T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,8.87,,,3.63,35.58,1,Kate Sumnall,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3784,From finder,51.55367963,-1.46773742,BERK-D22193,,o199.jpg,Bronze Age rapier blade,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/o199.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/120391.jpg
142935,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Penannular gold ring comprising a gold covering over a base metal core; this is usually a copper alloy. The piece has fairly fine stripes, probably of yellow and paler gold, but this decorative effect is extremely worn and heavily stained red-brown. The central area and gap are plugged with corrosion products which also form an excrescence on one side of the gap. External diameter 20x18mm; internal diameter about 7mm; width of gap about 2mm; breadth 7mm; weight 13.86 grams. Rings of this type date to circa 1150-750 BC.","Treasure case 2006 T465. Report by Gillian Varndell. Non-destructive X-ray florescence at the British Museum indicated a gold content in the yellow stripes of 64-67%, a silver content of 28-30%, the remainder being copper. The grey stripes are richer in silver content.



TVC recommended valuation: £200",4,Gold,Copper alloy,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2006T465,,13.86,,,7.51,19.66,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ8157,,51.28338,0.594037,KENT-E6C152,,PAK180-024.JPG,KENT-E68422: Bronze Age Ring (Reverse),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/PAK180-024.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/119501.jpg
142942,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2150,1700,"Irregular perforated copper alloy object, possibly a bead.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,,7.43,,13.72,10.46,,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Barming,TQ7154,From a paper map,51.259516,0.449355,KENT-E70065,,PAK180-027 copy.jpg,KENT-E70065.  Copper alloy bead.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK180-027 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/121064.jpg
143028,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Complete Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave.  Is an early palstave of ‘Group I: Primary Shield Pattern’ type, probably dated to the Middle Bronze Age.  All parts of the palstave are present and include a probable bar stop and a shield-shaped depression on the blade just below the stop.  The shield is transfixed by a long central ridge running from it to the cutting edge, this forms a primitive version of the ‘trident’ pattern.  The palstave also has roughly parallel sides above the stop and a widely splayed blade.  The cutting edge and blade tips are worn but intact.  The palstave has a mid to dark green patina but is slightly abraded with light green exposed areas.  There is also some slight gouging to the blade.  There is no casting seam.  It measures 138.9mm long and is 54.28mm wide (from tip to tip).  Palstaves of this type can be found in Schmidt, P. and Burgess, C. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, pages 117-125, ref. 770-787A.",Found during a metal detecting rally on 2nd April 2006.  Object description taken from photograph.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,138.9,1,Caroline McDonald,Laura Pooley,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,Gestingthorpe,TL8136,From finder,51.992949,0.634863,ESS-FB0374,,DSCN3905.JPG,Complete Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave of ‘Group I: Primary Shield Pattern’ type.,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lpooley/DSCN3905.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/114012.jpg
143323,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Bronze age palstave axe 163mm long, 53mm wide at the blade and 29mm thick at the flange. The axe is in fair condition, retaining about half of its original surface, and has a green patina. The axe weighs 415 grams and is complete. The septum is 65mm long and 7mm thick and is rectangular in form with slightly bulging sides, 23 to 29mm. The flange is 29mm at its widest and tapers sharply, ending 10mm short of the butt, which is flat. The stop sits about 5mm proud of the blade surface and tapers gently outwards to meet it. At this point the blade has two 'comma' shaped indentations, 20mm long and 12mm wide, which sit either side of a slight ridge which runs the length of the blade, together they form a heart shaped motif. The blade itself starts 27mm wide and thick and tapers gently to a point 53mm wide and 1mm thick. The blade has a stright edge and it tapers so gently in width that the blade facet is almost invisible. The side loop is 3mm in diameter and is 20mm wide and 8mm high.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,29,153,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Rutland,Rutland,Leighfield,SK8104,From a paper map,52.627725,-0.804748,LEIC-15F0B5,,15F0B5a.JPG,Bronze age side looped palstave axe ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/15F0B5a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/114587.jpg
143349,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-2200,"Early Bronze Age (or Metal-Using Neolithic) copper flat axe, falling within Needham et al.'s (forthcoming) Class 2D, Type Halberton, or probably of Type Growtown / Milton Moss (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981).



The axe is near-complete with only a little damage to the edges and has a length of 98.55mm and weighs 325.1g. The butt has suffered a little damage making the type identification difficult and slightly speculative, but appears to have been straight with a surviving width of 32.9mm and a thickness of 4.5mm. The sides of the axe are comparatively straight and are very slightly concave. The sides are also straight across their thickness, giving the axe a rectangular profile. The axe has a maximum width at the blade of 66.21mm. The blade edge has a shallow curve and is unexpanded. Both faces of the axe are convex, producing a lenticular long profile, with a maximum thickness 38mm from the blade of 12.89mm. The surface of the axe has differential preservation, with a pale green to pale brown patina.","Non-destructive analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the axe was carried out by Mary Davis using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Readings were normalised to 100% to obtain consistency and to make the analyses comparable with other results. Results obtained suggest the axe has a composition made up nearly entirely of copper and is broadly consistent with Northover's (1980, pp 230) metal type 'A'. Metallurgical sampling of the axe may provide greater accuracy on the metallurgical composition. Axes of this type can be attributed to Metalwork Assemblage II, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 1 of the British Bronze Age. The axe is likely to date to between c. 2,400 - 2,200BC",3,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,325.1,,,4.5,98.55,1,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Cwm Gwaun,SM9935,From a paper map,51.977015,-4.928003,NMGW-24F646,,200666.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/200666.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629333.jpg
143368,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-600,"Fragment of blade of Late Bronze Age sword of the Ewart Park phase (c.900-c.600 B.C.) broken at the hilt end.
The fragment is 225mm in length and is bent into a slight S-shape. A section of the blade edges towards the hilt end has been lost to corrosion but the overall appearence is that the blade widens slightly before narrowing to the tip. A low mid-rib is visible on both sides.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,,185,,,5.5,225,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Weaverham,SJ6173,From finder,53.252568,-2.585994,LVPL-25C375,,LVPL25C375a.jpg,Late Bronze Age copper alloy sword,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/alexw/LVPL25C375a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/554429.jpg
143610,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-1000,"Late Bronze Age socketed axehead of type Ulleskelf dating from 1150-1000BC. The axe has a square sectioned socket with a depth of 59.57mm. The mouth has three moulded transverse ribs; below these ribs there is a single side loop. The side loop is located 12.40mm from the mouth of the socket, the external width of the loop is: 17.17mm, internal width: 5.51mm. Just below the side loop, on the socket, there are two oval depressions, one on each side of the socket. These oval depressions extend partially around the front and reverse surfaces. After the depressions the blade starts and it is clearly defined by a step down from the socket. The blade has a crisp rectangular cross-section and it gently expands towards the curved cutting edge (width from: 28.35mm expanding to 37.17mm). There are visible hammer marks on the surface of the blade and the hammering has created a clear bevel at the cutting edge. There are some edge losses to the cutting edge and one corner is missing, however this may be post depositional damage. There are some casting flashes remaining around the mouth of the socket and along the sides. There are no internal ribs on the socket. The copper alloy has a dark brown patina. Dimensions: length: 97.47mm; width: 37.00mm; thickness: 24.76mm; weight: 108.74g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-08T23:00:00Z,,,,108.74,,,24.76,97.47,1,Kate Sumnall,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Benson,SU6193,From a paper map,51.63251236,-1.12005536,BERK-79C218,,Harmer - axe - Sept 06.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe of Ulleskelf Type,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/Harmer - axe - Sept 06.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/115594.jpg
143642,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Copper alloy awl, square in section at the centre, tapering to a pointed end with a circular section on one side and flattened at the other with a rectangular section. ",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-05-19T23:00:00Z,,,,3.39,,,3.52,57.36,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,Eastern,Essex,,,,,,,KENT-7D3571,,PAK169-070.JPG,KENT-7D3571.  Bronze Age copper alloy awl.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK169-070.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/170578.jpg
143643,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Copper alloy awl, square in section at the centre, tapering to a pointed end with a circular section on one side and flattened at the other with a rectangular section.  Dark brown patina with patches of bright green.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-05-19T23:00:00Z,,,,3.18,,,3.82,48.37,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,Eastern,Essex,,,,,,,KENT-7D3DA8,,PAK169-071.JPG,KENT-7D3DA8.  Bronze Age copper alloy awl.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK169-071.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/170579.jpg
143818,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"Mid to Late Bronze age copper alloy spear tip, 40.7mm long, 11.6mm wide and 7.4mm thick. The object is in poor condition with a greenish/brown patina and weighs 6.50grams. The object has a circular sectioned midrib, c.5mm in diameter which tapers to a point. It is flanked on each side by the remains of a bevelled blade, which is quite worn and uneven. The tip is conical with no protruding blade present and is 2mm in diameter.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,,6.5,,5,7.4,40.7,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,West Midlands,Warwickshire,North Warwickshire,Hartshill,SP3494,From finder,52.542799,-1.500096,LEIC-91DD44,,91DD44.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy spear tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/91DD44.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/114791.jpg
143878,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A late Bronze Age copper alloy fragment of a Ewart Park-type, Class A sword (circa 1000-800 BC). The fragment comprises part of the grip, the shoulder and part of the blade. The final half of the blade and the end of the handle are broken and missing. The blade has a lozenge-shaped cross-section. There are two rivet holes, aligned parallel to the edge on the shoulder on each side (internal diameter: 5.34mm). On one side the rivet holes are complete, on the other side both are worn through. There are a further two rivet holes on the handle; they are aligned horizontally and both are worn through. These perforations have a waisted profile. The broken edges have the same mid green patina as the rest of the surface suggesting the damage occurred in antiquity. Similar hilt fragments were recorded in the Petters late Bronze Age metalwork assemblage (Needham 1990:52-53). Plate 4 (Needham 1990:52) shows two examples of Ewart Park swords with omega-shaped indentations similar to the 'worn through rivet holes' on this example. Dimensions: length:183.33mm; width: 44.45mm; thickness; 8.98mm; weight: 194.00g. Reference: Needham, S. 1990. The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork. An Analytical Study of Thames Valley Metalworking in its settlement context. British Museum Press: London.",Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug 2006,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-26T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,194,,,8.98,183.33,1,Kate Sumnall,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3883,From finder,51.54462239,-1.45342267,BERK-9514F7,,y140.jpg,Bronze Age Ewart-type sword,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/y140.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/115324.jpg
143881,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-800,"A middle - late Bronze Age copper alloy blade fragment  from a sword (circa 1275-800 BC).  The blade has a diamond-shaped cross-section and parallel-edges.  The midrib is separated from the edge bevels by a slight hollowing.  Both short edges of the fragment are breaks and the breaks have the same mid green patina as the rest of the surface suggesting the damage occurred in antiquity.  Similar blade fragments were recorded in the Petters late Bronze Age metalwork assemblage (Needham 1990:50-51).  Dimensions: length: 27.66mm; width: 14.41mm; weight: 5.63g.  Reference: Needham, S. 1990.  The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork.  An Analytical Study of Thames Valley Metalworking in its settlement context.  British Museum Press: London.",Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug 2006,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-26T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,5.63,,,,27.66,1,David Williams,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3883,From finder,51.54462239,-1.45342267,BERK-9524C6,,y242.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/y242.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/115328.jpg
143883,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A late Bronze Age copper alloy awl (circa 1150-800BC).  The central cross-section is square and it tapers to a point at one end that has a circular cross-section, whilst at the the tracer end it is shorter and flattened like a chisel.  Mid green patina.  Dimensions: length: 39.50mm; thickness: 3.48mm; weight: 2.44g.",Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug 2006,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-26T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,2.44,,,3.48,39.5,1,David Williams,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3983,From finder,51.54455436,-1.43900311,BERK-953763,,y147.jpg,Bronze Age awl,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/y147.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/115325.jpg
143884,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A middle Bronze Age copper alloy fragment probably from a sickle blade (circa 1500-1150 BC).  The blade has a rounded lozenge-shaped cross-section; it tapers towards the point and gently curves longitudinally in an arc.  The broken edge has the same patchy mid green patina as the rest of the surface suggesting the damage occurred in antiquity.  Sickles have been found in Somerset hoards such as the Monkswood hoard and the Sparkford Hill hoard that are dated to the middle Bronze Age (Smith 1959:42,46).   Smith (1959:46) notes that sickles are attributable to influences from the Nordic Bronze Age (and further west in Europe).  Dimensions: length: 79.51mm; width: 14.13mm; thickness: 2.11mm; weight: 9.53g.  Reference: Smith, M.A. 1959. Middle Bronze Age Hoards from Southern England.  Garraway, London.",Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug 2006,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-26T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,9.53,,,2.11,79.51,1,David Williams,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3983,,51.54455436,-1.43900311,BERK-954BA6,,y220.jpg,Bronze Age sickle blade,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/y220.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/115327.jpg
143885,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spearhead with side loops (circa 1500-1150BC). The blade is a pointed oval in plan with clearly defined angled edge bevels. The midrib is angled and extends from the socket to the tip creating a lozengiform cross-section to the blade. Approximately halfway down the socket are the side loops. The side loops are lozengiform in plan and almost flat in cross-section. Small sections of the edge of the socket are broken and missing. Dark green patina. The spearhead is similar to one found in County Limerick, Ireland however on this example the blade is less angular and the side loops are orientated further down the length of the socket (Allen, Britton & Coghlan 1970: 168). Dimensions: length: 125.38mm; weight: 41.39g (including soil in socket). Reference: Allen, I., Britton, D. Coghlan, H. 1970. Metallurgical Reports on British and Irish Bronze Age Implements and Weapons in the Pitt Rivers Museum. University Press; Oxford",Found during the Weekend Wanderers King Alfred the Great Rally 26-28 Aug 2006,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-26T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - King Alfred the Great 06,41.39,,,,125.38,1,David Williams,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3883,From finder,51.54462239,-1.45342267,BERK-9565A5,,y157.jpg,Bronze Age spear,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/y157.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/115326.jpg
144122,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Butt fragment from a flat axe, flanged axe or palstave of indeterminate type and of Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze Age date, probably dated to c. 2,200 - 1,150BC. The axe is represented by the butt only, with a surviving length of 29.52mm and a weight of 31.4g. The butt is thin and tapers to an edge with a width of 30.04mm. The sides of the axe diverge slightly to the break where the axe has a width of 33.77mm. The sides are rounded across their thickness and there is no discernible evidence for flanges on the fragment. The axe has a maximum thickness at the break of 7.05mm. The faces of the axe are slightly convex. The axe fragment has poor surface preservation and is mid to dark brown",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,31.4,,,7.05,29.52,1,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Ynysybwl and Coed-y-Cwm,ST0395,From a paper map,51.64540225,-3.40329182,NMGW-B86FC3,,2006951.jpg,Bronze Age axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2006951.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629360.jpg
144407,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1000,"Tip of a copper alloy rapier, with an oval-sectioned central rib and flattened flanges each side. The tapered tip is rounded and slightly bent and the edges are worn. ",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-11T23:00:00Z,,,,15.7,,5,16,66,1,Jonathan Cotton,Eleanor Ghey,London,Greater London Authority,Richmond upon Thames,"Ham, Petersham and Richmond Riverside",TQ1675,From a paper map,51.46209657,-0.33160897,LON-D129F8,,rapier.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier,Museum of London,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eghey/rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/121606.jpg
144541,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1800,-800,Section of blade of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age rapier.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-08T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,Eastern,Suffolk,Forest Heath,Freckenham,TL6673,From a paper map,52.329979,0.43468538,KENT-D4CEC8,,PAK185-050.JPG,KENT-D4CEC8.  Bronze-Age copper alloy rapier.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK185-050.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/122435.jpg
144581,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1650,"Fragment of copper alloy slag of unknown date.  The fragment is triangular with a curved edge.  It thickens gradually to the centre point (thickness from 5mm to 32.12mm).  the edges have vertical striations with hollow ‘pockets’.  One surface is smooth, the other pitted.  The copper alloy has an orange/brown surface with patches of pale green and bright blue.

Dimensions: length: 73.50mm; width: 74.37mm; thickness: 32.12mm; weight: 535g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,535,,,32.12,73.5,1,Kate Sumnall,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Berinsfield,SU5797,From a paper map,51.66889227,-1.17719097,BERK-D57190,,Devonald - slag - Oct 06.jpg,Fragment of copper slag,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/Devonald - slag - Oct 06.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/122957.jpg
144888,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A late Bronze Age copper alloy blade fragment (1150-800BC).  It is probably a fragment from a Class A Ewart Park sword.  The blade has a rounded mid-rib with a slight hollowing before the edge bevels.  The fragment is very abraded with edge losses and the copper alloy has a patchy patina with some corrosion.  The breaks have the same patina as the surface suggesting the damage occurred in antiquity.

Dimensions: length: 57.00mm; width: 26.28mm; thickness: 6.58mm; weight: 33.92g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-07-29T23:00:00Z,,,,33.92,,,6.58,57,1,Kate Sumnall,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Clifton Hampden,SU5597,From a paper map,51.66909121,-1.20610748,BERK-276E34,,Devonald - BA blade - aug 06.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/Devonald - BA blade - aug 06.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/115722.jpg
145073,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1450,-1050,"Two halves of a Middle Bronze Age side-looped spearhead of Greenwell and Brewis Type IV, now repaired as one. It is 110.2mm in length with a socket diameter of 17x15.7mm (one side is slightly squashed). The internal diameter is 13.8mm.

The blade is 'flame shaped' and c.68mm in length. Almost all the original edge is damaged, apart from at the very base of the blade. The widest point is just above this, at 19.9mm. It would originally have been c.23mm wide here.

The mid-rib, as an extension of the socket, extends to the tip. This has been bashed on both sides by a hammer-like object and dented the socket/ mid-rib. This is ancient, and probably contemporary. It is not possible to tell how far the socket extended as the finder has repaired the spearhead with a bronze pin in the socket to hold the two halves in place.

The loops are slightly lower than the mid-way point between base of blade and socket end. They are c.18mm in length and flattish on the outside, being max.3.5mm wide. The internal measurement is 5-6mm long and 1mm wide.

The socket end is a little damaged as well as being slightly squashed. The body of the socket displays several purposeful light incisions. The patina is shiny and dark green in colour. The object weighs 48.69g BUT this is inclusive of the bronze pin used to hold both halves together.

Dates probably to the Taunton and possibly Penard phases, c.1450 to 1150 BC, although they are known to turn up in hoards of the earliest phase of the Late Bronze Age, to c.1050 BC.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,17,,110.2,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Pitton and Farley,SU1833,From a paper map,51.096028,-1.744333,WILT-4E7E04,,Dixon1006spear.jpg,Middle Bronze Age spear,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Dixon1006spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/115994.jpg
145118,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-300,"Late Bronze Age or Early-Mid Iron Age fragment of segmented bracelet. It is complete in itself and consists of four joined hollow arcs, individually C-shaped in profile. The end two have a C shape cut into it with bevelled edges, supporting the abutting of a similar segment on either side. One of the middle arcs has a hole in it where the metal is rather thin (recent-ish damage). The metal is thicker on the underside (3mm).

On both outer arcs are two c.2.5mm diameter piercings, one of either end of the arc. Presumably these are to secure the attachment of the other segments.

The segment is 50.4mm long, 15.8mm wide and 12.4mm tall. It weighs 30.38g.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,24.38,,28.7,8.8,,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Kingston Deverill,ST8734,From a paper map,51.105149,-2.187058,WILT-513BB5,,Bancroft1006bracelet.jpg,Late Bronze Age/ Early Iron Age bracelet,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Bancroft1006bracelet.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/115992.jpg
145189,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"An Early Bronze Age flanged bronze axe.  It has a semi-circular blade, which is chipped and blunted, and only traces of the flanges survive.  Its condition is very worn and corroded with a pitted surface.  The axe is of relatively small size, only 72mm long by 34mm across the blade by 10mm thick.  It dates to the period c.1850-1400 BC.","This arrow head was recorded before a Finds Liaison Officer was appointed to Essex and the object description is a transcription of the record made at the time (Colchester Museums record number E/2919).  This record was published in Wise, P. 2002. ‘Recent finds from Essex reported to Colchester Museums 2001-2’, in Essex Archaeology and History 35 (2004), page 220, ref. 4.  No image of the object was taken.",4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,10,72,1,Philip J. Wise,Laura Pooley,Eastern,Essex,Maldon,Little Totham,TL8912,From finder,51.774753,0.738107,ESS-62F736,,,,,,,
145190,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1000,"Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy nail-headed pin, c.1400-1000 BC.  The pin is 47mm in length with a head diameter of 9mm and a pin width of 3mm.  The pin has a flat head, similar to a nail, and a shaft with a swollen neck.  The only decoration occurs at the junction of the head and the shaft where there are three incised grooves.  This find may be compared with a nail-headed pin from Lulworth (Dorset) (Pearce, S. M. 1983. The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain BAR British Series 120, page 491, plate 62).  This is of similar size, having a head diameter of 11mm and a pin width of 3mm, and the upper part of the shaft is decorated with an incised chevron and linear pattern. The Lulworth pin appears to be substantially complete and its length of 91mm suggests that the Margaret Roding find is about half its original size.","This pin was recorded before a Finds Liaison Officer was appointed to Essex and the object description is a transcription of the record made at the time (Colchester Museums record number E/2421).  This record was published in Wise, P. 2002. ‘Recent finds from Essex reported to Colchester Museums 2001-2’, in Essex Archaeology and History 35 (2004), page 220, ref. 5, figure 27.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,9,,47,1,Philip J. Wise,Laura Pooley,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Margaret Roding,TL6013,From finder,51.792771,0.318624,ESS-6316B2,,Pin009.jpg,Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy nail-headed pin,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lpooley/Pin009.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/116006.jpg
145195,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed gouge, dating to the Late Bronze, between c. 1150 – c. 800 BC (length: 69mm; diameter at mouth 17.5mm; width at gouge end: 14.5mm; thickness at gouge end: 8mm; weight: 36.5g).

The gouge (used as a wood-working tool) is sub-rectangular in plan, with a circular and slightly flared socketed terminal at one end. At the opposing end, the curved blade edge is ‘C’ shaped in section with an elongated triangular or ‘V’ shaped groove on the upper surface of the gouge. This groove (length: 37mm) commences 33mm from the open socket and gradually increases in depth and width towards the blade terminal.  At 8.5mm below the open socketed mouth of the gouge, there is a single moulded ridge running across the artefact’s circumference.  There is a casting line still visible to the left and right down the length of the artefact and at either side of the triangular or V’ shaped groove, therefore clearly indicating that this artefact was cast in a mould. These casting lines interrupt the single moulded ridge below the socketed mouth.  Overall, the artefact is in a slightly worn but good condition with a dark brown patina. There does not appear to be any wood surviving in the socket of the gouge.

Two similar examples are illustrated in Watson, P, 1993, ‘Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums’, BAR British Series 233. One of these examples is decorated with ribbing (No. 72), and the second (No. 73) is undecorated.

Another similar example is illustrated in Smith, R, A, 1920, ‘British Museum: A Guide to the Antiquities of the bronze Age in the Department of British and Medieval Antiquities’, page 47, fig 33 amongst other finds that were also discovered at Heathery Burn Cave, co. Durham.  Although the gouge V-shaped recess is longer, there is a similar single moulded ridge below the open socketed mouth of the artefact.

According to Pearce, S, M in the 1983 publication ‘The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain Part I’, page 43, socketed gouges ‘appear to have begun in the Wilburton phase, and continued as part of the tool repertoire until the end of the Bronze Age’, although most socketed gouges can be dated to the Ewart phase between c. 1000 – c. 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-25T23:00:00Z,,,,36.5,,17.5,8,69,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Swinfen and Packington,SK1405,From finder,52.642564,-1.794534,WMID-634197,,WMID-634197.JPG,"Bronze Age socketed gouge (front, side and back views)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-634197.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/116854.jpg
145201,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed bronze axe, dating to 1000-700BC.  The fragment, part of the blade, is 25mm in length, 42mm in width across the blade, 11mm at its thickest part and weighs 34.11g.  It is much abraded, which has lead to the loss of most of the original surface, including the cutting edge.","This axe fragment was recorded before a Finds Liaison Officer was appointed to Essex and the object description is a transcription of the record made at the time (Colchester Museums record number E/2691).  This record was published in Wise, P. 2002. ‘Recent finds from Essex reported to Colchester Museums 2001-2’, in Essex Archaeology and History 35 (2004), page 220, ref. 7.  No image of the object was taken.",4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-12-23T00:00:00Z,,,,34.11,,,11,25,1,Philip J. Wise,Laura Pooley,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,Harwich,TM2229,From finder,51.915254,1.226582,ESS-637745,,,,,,,
145202,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed bronze axe.  The fragment, part of the blade, is 35mm in length, 42mm in width across the blade and 4mm at its thickest part.  It is much abraded, which has lead to the loss of the entire original surface, including the cutting edge.","This axe fragment was recorded before a Finds Liaison Officer was appointed to Essex and the object description is a transcription of the record made at the time.  This record was published in Wise, P. 2002. ‘Recent finds from Essex reported to Colchester Museums 2001-2’, in Essex Archaeology and History 35 (2004), page 220, ref. 8.  No image of the object was taken.",4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,4,35,1,Philip J. Wise,Laura Pooley,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Little Horkesley,,,,,ESS-6383C7,,,,,,,
145242,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A slightly incomplete cast copper alloy socketed and side-looped spearhead (Davis Group 2), dating to the Late Bronze Age, between c. 1150 - c. 800 BC (length: 79.5mm; width at blade: 22mm; diameter at socket mouth: 15.5mm; weight: 47.5g).



This artefact is a leaf-shaped spearhead with the remains of a pointed tip. The blade wings to either side of the tapering midrib are incomplete and badly corroded, but their overall shape remains, with the blade wings to either side of the midrib measuring at 7mm in width and 2.5mm thick. The width of the midrib at the tip measures 4.5mm, which then expands to approximately 10.5mm where the blades to either side terminate. Additionally, the midrib is diamond-shaped in section where the blade wings appear to either side, but then expands outwards and continues in length to form a circular sectioned socket 35mm from where the blade wings terminate. At approximately 10mm below the blade wings, there are the remains of side-loops to either side of the socket, with a casting ridge also present either side and in line with these loops, indicating the casting manufacturing process. The circular socketed terminal is complete and still completely filled with earth. Overall, the artefact is in a worn and corroded condition with some areas of bronze disease, particularly on the blade wings and midrib. One side of the spearhead survives better than the other and there are still large areas where the original dark green patina remains.



Similar examples are illustrated in H N Savory's 'Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections', 1980, pages 112 & 175, fig 27, ref nos 227-229, which are all examples of socket-looped spearheads, found at Cadoxton-juxta-Neath, Glamorgan; Llanfair Clydogau, Cardiganshire and Llanerfyl, Montgomeryshire respectively.



Other examples are also illustrated in M R Ehrenberg's 'Bronze Age Spearheads from Berks, Bucks and Oxon', 1977, pages 34, 41, 44 & 52, ref nos 36, 74, 94 & 142, which are described as 'pegged leaf-shaped spearheads' and were found at Cookham, Berks; Maidenhead, Berks; Pusey, Berks (Oxon) and Old Windsor, Berks respectively.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-25T23:00:00Z,2006-09-25T23:00:00Z,,,47.5,,15.5,,79.5,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Swinfen and Packington,SK1404,From a paper map,52.633574,-1.794576,WMID-657E63,,WMID-657E63.JPG,"Bronze Age side looped socketed spear (front, side and back views)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-657E63.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/118754.jpg
145258,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed axehead (of probable 'Trehou' type), dating to the Late Bronze Age, between c. 1150 – c. 800 BC (length: 114mm; width at side loop: 35.5mm; thickness at socket mouth: 28mm; weight: 197.33g).

The long and narrow axehead is sub-rectangular in plan, with a triangular side section and a square socketed mouth.  Most of the original blade edge has corroded away, but the blade still has a distinctive curved blade that has tapered to a thin edge.  The axehead tapers outwards from the blade to form the triangular section.  At approximately 79.5mm from the blade edge and 11.5mm from the scoketed mouth, there is a rounded/ arched cast copper alloy side loop (length: 21.5mm; width: 5.5mm; inner length of the loop: 10.5mm) integral to the main body of the axehead.  Additionally, the axehead is decorated by two parallel recessed ridges (approximate length: 3mm) immediately below the socketed mouth.  The first ridge commences 5mm below the mouth of the socket and there is a gap of 5mm again between the first and second ridge.  The second ridge is interrupted by the top terminal of the side loop.  The square socketed mouth is complete although worn along the edges.  Importantly, there is a substantial amount of wood surviving inside the socket (length of remaining wood: 48.5mm; diameter: 15mm; weight: 1.81g), which is now in a completely dry state and is strained green, presumably from being inside the copper alloy axehead for a long period of time.  Overall, the axehead, although worn, corroded, pitted and with very little of the original light brown patina remaining, is in a fair condition, particularly due to a large amount of wood surviving inside the socket.

A number of similar examples (with identical decoration around the socket) are illustrated in Watson, P, J, 1993, 'Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums', pages 16-17, ref nos 166-173, most of which were found in France.",,4,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-06-30T23:00:00Z,2006-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,197.33,,,28,114,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Staffordshire Moorlands,Horton,SJ9358,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.119129,-2.106044,WMID-6640F5,,WMID-6640F5.JPG,"Bronze Age socketed axehead (front, side and back)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-6640F5.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/116853.jpg
145340,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"Bronze Age copper-alloy short sword, 1200-800 BC. Weight 141.02 g.",This sword was recorded before a Finds Liaison Officer was appointed to Essex and the object description is a transcription of the record made at the time (Record Number E/2734).  No image of the object was taken.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,141.02,,,,,1,Philip J. Wise,Laura Pooley,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,East Mersea,TM0613,From finder,51.777739,0.984765,ESS-A0B4A3,,,,,,,
145444,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Late Bronze Age socketed bronze axe fragment.  The fragment, part of the blade, is 35mm in length, 34mm in width across the blade, and is 11mm at its thickest part.  The blade has a semi-circular cutting edge.","This axe was recorded during a metal detecting rally in 2001.  This was before a Finds Liaison Officer was appointed to Essex and the object description is a transcription of the record made at the time.  This record was published in Wise, P. 2002. ‘Recent finds from Essex reported to Colchester Museums 2001-2’, in Essex Archaeology and History 35 (2004), page 220, ref. 9.  Finder unknown and no image was taken of the object.",4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-07-21T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,11,35,1,Philip J. Wise,Laura Pooley,Eastern,Essex,Maldon,Tolleshunt Major,TL9011,From a paper map,51.765434,0.752037,ESS-A5EFF0,,,,,,,
145684,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Cast copper alloy leaf-shaped blade (length 63mm, width 19mm, thickness 2mm, weight 7.9g).  The edges are slightly bevelled and the blade has a very slight but relatively wide midrib.  One end of the blade apparently tapers into a tang which is now largely missing.  The blade is in poor condition, its tip is bent and its edges are badly damaged and notched.  This damage makes it difficult to evaluate whether the apparent tang is a genuine feature or simply a fortuitous break.  The blade may possibly be an example of a rare type of Early to Middle Bronze Age knife known as a Class I or 'plantain razor'(Piggot 1946, 122-126, fig.5).  The term 'razor' is a slight misnomer as these artefacts were almost certainly not used specifically for shaving but were rather some form of cutting tool.  Unfortunately, the tang is the most diagnostic part of this  artefact type and without it a positive identification is difficult.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.9,,,2,63,1,Philip MacDonald,Sian Williams,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Peasemore,SU4577,From a paper map,51.49016385,-1.3532512,NMGW-CA3104,,,,,,,
145694,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy (probably bronze) socketed axe with a splayed and curved blade.  The fragment was apparently broken and distorted in antiquity.  Microscopic examination suggests the fragment is encrusted wuth ferrous and manganese oxide corrosion products presumably derived from the burial environment.  Original blade width c.51mm, surviving height of fragment 40.5mm, maximum surviving thickness 13.5mm, weight 66.2g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,66.2,,,13.5,,1,Philip MacDonald,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Barry,ST1067,From a paper map,51.39487229,-3.29499257,NMGW-CBE825,,,,,,,
145721,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Copper alloy low-flanged axe.



This bronze Early Bronze Age flanged axe has a long slender body with near parallel sides, which suddenly expand widely, to produce a crescentic shaped blade and asymmetric cutting edge. The butt end of the axe has been slightly damaged in antiquity and therefore the original shape is not apparent. Part way down the body of the axe is a median bevel, whilst the sides of the axe are rounded. Surface pitting on these sides precludes the possibility of knowing whether or not they were once decorated. Both faces of the axe were once decorated, although most decoration has been removed from one face by surface corrosion. On the well preserved surface there is ripple ornament executed by hammering, over which a complex design has been incised. Immediately beneath the median bevel is a narrow zone of herringbone, followed by four lines of infilled chevrons, parallel to the rippling and the cutting edge of the blade. This is succeeded by four lines of herringbone and then four lines of infilled chevron. Bordering this is a further chevron line, this time infilled in reverse to the other chevrons. This is finally bounded by a line of herringbone, which stops 24mm above the blade edge. This decoration is largely complete, although a small part has been removed by surface pitting at the blade end. Straitions on the original surface near the cutting edge indicates some sharpening of the blade occurred. The axe has a dark green patina, with lighter green surfaces within the areas of pitting. The axe has evidently been coated with a varnish or lacquer, as indicated by its lustre. Blade width 73.2mm, butt width 25.3mm, maximum length 149.0mm, maximum thickness (including flanges) 15.6mm, maximum depth of flanges 2.0mm, distance of median bevel from butt end 61.5mm and weighs 370.8g.","This artefact may be identified as a bronze flanged axe of Needham's (1983) Class 5, equivalent to Schmidt and Burgess' (1981) Type Arreton, belonging to period 4 of the British Early Bronze Age and dating to between 1700-1500calBC (Needham et al 1985; Needham 1996). These are the first true flanged axes, used at the same time that tanged spearheads, Camerton-Snowshill daggers and Collared Urns were in circulation. Parallels for this axe within the National Collections are examples from the Ebnal and Menai Bridge Hoards, which both possess bands of short incision decoration below the bevel to the blade (Savory 1980, Cat. Nos.259 and 260). Comparable decoration of hatching and chevrons can be observed on examples from White Horse Hill (Osmington), Dorset, and Stuntney, Cambridgeshire (Needham 1983, Fig.58, Ds 5, Ca 13). These latter two examples, and the Menai Bridge axe, all possess hammered decoration along the sides of the flanges. This axe type has an overall broad distribution across southern England.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,370.8,,,15.6,149,1,Adam Gwilt,Sian Williams,Wales,Caerphilly,Caerphilly,Llanbradach and Pwllypant,ST1392,From a paper map,51.62007316,-3.25805983,NMGW-CD7412,,20170809134809_00001.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe,National Museum Wales ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/20170809134809_00001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/625421.jpg
146451,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,The lower part of a palstave axe. The fragment comprises the blade together with the lower parts of the side flanges and the central ridge. the fragment is pitted and very little of its original surface survives.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,117,,,,46,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,GUILDFORD,TQ0047,From a paper map,51.213457,-0.569694,SUR-5FA391,,06.73b.JPG,Blade from a Middle Bronze Age palstave axe (view 2),Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.73b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/116362.jpg
146614,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Cast copper alloy flat axe which thickens towards the middle, with a thin, narrow and originally probably slightly rounded butt and a splayed blade.  The edges of both the butt and the blade are damaged, and one face in particular is heavily corroded.  Two distinct casting flaws are visible on the relatively uncorroded face of the axe.  The sides of the blade more or less evenly curve outwards towards the cutting edge from a point situated slightly over one third of the length of the axe from the butt.  The axe is undecorated.  Longitudinal stritations visible on the relatively uncorroded face of the axe adjacent to the blade edge are probably use related polish.  Length 150.5mm, width of blade 89mm, width of butt c.25mm, maximum thickness 11.5mm, weight 503.6g.  An example of Migdale type of Earlyu Bronze Age flat axe.","The Migdale type has been defined by Schmidt and Burgess as simple, thin-butt, bronze flat axes with more or less evenly curved sides and relatively wide cutting edges, which do not turn out abruptly from the sides (1981, 35).  Migdale axes lack features such as median bevels, raised edges and the narrow straight-sided form frequently associated with decoration (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 35)/  Attempts to subdivide the type on the basis of variation in form have been unsuccessful; graphs plotting indices of shape such as length, width and the ratios of the body width at various points along the length of the axe do not show  discrete concentrations (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 35).  The Caswell bay example is closely paralleled by the example from Glangwenlais Quarry, llandybie, Carmarthenshire (Savory 1962-64; Savory 1980, 101 no.112 fig. 17).  As a type Migdale axes are difficult to date with precision.  The typology metalworking stage or assemblage which includes Migdale Axes has recently been dated from c.23000BC to c.1900BC (needham 1996, 130,fig.2)",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,503.6,,,11.5,150.5,1,Philip MacDonald,Sian Williams,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Bishopston,SS5887,From a paper map,51.56394781,-4.05003547,NMGW-743CA6,,,,,,,
147003,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Fragment of Bronze Age copper alloy metal work. Dark olive green patina. The object comprises a narrow rectangular length with elliptical cross-section and a wider rectangular length with three grooves on the upper surface. The piece is slightly curved and has worn transverse breaks at each end. ,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-10-15T23:00:00Z,,,,14.94,,,4.6,29.66,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Hollingbourne,TR1258,From finder,51.281676,1.038529,KENT-CC8D27,,PAK184-060 copy.jpg,KENT-CC8D27.  Bronze Age copper alloy object.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK184-060 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/121446.jpg
147022,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,Fragment of Bronze Age sword blade. Cast copper alloy. The fragment is sub-lozenge shaped in section and is slightly curved. Dull green patina.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,,57.22,,,7.69,45.96,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Hollingbourne,TQ8554,From finder,51.255149,0.649779,KENT-CD36E8,,PAK184-052.JPG,KENT-CD36E8.  Bronze Age copper alloy sword blade.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK184-052.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/121441.jpg
147156,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"This bronze casting jet represents the by-product of the manufacture of a socketed axe.  The jet is of a roughly circular form and displays all four runners.  The four runners together with its geographic location strongly hint at the jet being removed from an axe of type Storgursey or 'South Wales Type'.  The patina on the casting jet varies from a brown to light green and the jet now displays a sheen due to polish or lacquer applied by the finder.  The external diameter of the jet is 39.2mm - 45.3mm, with an internal diameter of 16.4mm - 19.3mm.  The jet has a maximum thickness of 15.6mm.  The distance between the runners is 31.6mm and 29.5mm, implying an axe of usual proportions around its mouth, possibly with a square socket.  The jet has a weight of 52.1g.","The casting jet can be securely ascribed to the Ewart Park tradition of metalworking, belonging to Needham's (1996) metalworking stage 7.  For some time it has been realised Stogursey axes can be placed at the end of the Bronze Age and this has recently been varified by Needham et.al (1997), making it possible to place production between 950-750 cal. BC.
This find represents the only complete example of a casting jet with four runners in Wales the author is aware of.  The nearest welsh parallels are the jet associated with the St. Mellons hoard, Cardiff and a possible example from Penwyllt, Ystradgynlais.  In Needham's (1981) catalogue of Stogursey axes he lists seven examples, six of which are associated with the Stogursey Hoard, the other is from Lelant, Cornwall.  Evans (1881) records another from Kenidjack Cliff, Cornwall, associated with socketed axes.
It has been noted elsewhere (needham 1981, Brigs and Williams 1995, Northover) the discrepency between the majority of finds of Stogursey axes in South East Wales and stone molds from Southern England.  This find might be adding weight to the argument of local manufacture.",4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,52.1,,45.3,15.6,,1,Philip MacDonald,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9880,From a paper map,51.509691,-3.47116817,NMGW-DF6846,,,,,,,
147169,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age socketed axe head. The piece consists of the flaring blade edge. The body and socket are broken off, but the piece is still hollow.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,29.9,,,10.7,20.6,1,David Evans,David Evans,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Paull,TA1726,GPS (from the finder),53.717304,-0.228527,YORYM-E09577,,hull 049.jpg,Bronze Age axe head,York Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/devans/hull 049.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/118736.jpg
147206,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age axe head, consisting of the flaring blade edge. The body and socket are missing.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,85.5,,,16.3,29.1,1,David Evans,David Evans,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Watton,TA0149,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.92729,-0.463336,YORYM-E2C571,,hull 065.jpg,Bronze Age axe head,York Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/devans/hull 065.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/118743.jpg
147720,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1900,-1700,"
Early Bronze Age flanged axe; some damage but in generally good condition, substantial original patina remaining. The butt-end is partly missing as is part of the blade and cutting edge. The flanges are quite low; incipient stop-ridge halfway along the septum and a further incipient curving ridge between the septum and the blade.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,239.2,,,,125,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Rainow,SJ9876,From a paper map,53.28097176,-2.03145596,LVPL-0D11D2,,0D11D2.jpg,Early Bronze Age flanged axe,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nherepath/0D11D2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/119731.jpg
148063,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1150,"Cast incomplete copper alloy socketed chisel, wedge-shaped in profile and sub-rectangular in plan, with sub-parallel sides. The sides, when looking at the face of the chisel, are slightly concave along the length, curving outwards towards the blade. The chisel is a light to dark green colour and heavily corroded and pitted. The blade has a curved edge which is worn, and fragments of the edge have been broken off in the past, but it appears to mainly follow the original edge with no flaring of the tips. There are scars on both faces that are probably the result of plough damage. The hollow interior is cone-shaped, with the socket ending 20 mm up from the blade. The cross-section of the chisel is sub-rectangular with the walls ranging from 2.5 mm to 2.8 mm in thickness. The chisel is missing its butt end and was probably about 70-80 mm in length originally. The shape and curve of the blade suggest that this might have been a tool for carving wood, with the rounded edge enabling the carver to work with a concave area. The angle of the bevel, at about 20°, would have made it ideal for fine work where thin slivers of wood were being removed. Needham & Rohl (1998) illustrate a similar example on page 132, No.175, which is dated to the Penard period, c.1300-1150 BC. Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar but complete example from Cottonwood, Bodmin, on page 401, Plate 2, No.12, which is dated to the Taunton-Penard phase c.1400-1200 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-07-19T23:00:00Z,,,,35.75,,,13.6,56,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Paul,SW4625,GPS (from the finder),50.070736,-5.551014,CORN-4E8A63,,mixfinds 016.jpg,Bronze Age socketed chisel (blade),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/mixfinds 016.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/118871.jpg
148125,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Incomplete Bronze Age socketed axe head. The blade, face and single side-loop are complete but the socket mouth with moulding is missing and the break edges are worn. The blade and face are rectangular in plan and flare outwards towards the blade tips, and the mouth appears to be circular in section. No decoration was visible. It measures 100mm long, 36-40mm wide and is 15-26mm thick. A catalogue of socketed axes can be found in Schmidt, P. and Burgess, C. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, p172-250.",Found during a metal detecting rally on 24th September 2006. Finder unknown.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-10-23T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,26,100,1,Terry Mallison,Laura Pooley,Eastern,Suffolk,Babergh,Boxted,TM0133,From a paper map,51.95914,0.924019,ESS-5E8C93,,axetop.JPG,Incomplete Bronze Age socketed axe head.,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lpooley/axetop.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/118696.jpg
148325,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Late Bronze Age looped palstave with plain, narrow blade and slight splay to the cutting edge. It has a straight stop-ridge and is characteristic of the products of the north Wales industry. Similar examples have come from Llanbeblig and Great Orme's Head (Caernarfonshire) and Maentwrog (Merionethshire). It is also represented in the Guilsfield Hoard (Savory, H N, 1980). The loop is missing, probably lost in antiquity and it is suffering from bronze disease. It has also been damaged since its discovery.",Blade width 37mm.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,331,,,,147,1,Jeff Spencer,Jeff Spencer,Wales,Powys,Powys,Llandysilio,SJ2618,From finder,52.754523,-3.097877,CPAT-765380,,2266-017r.jpg,"Late Bronze Age Palstave from Four Crosses, Powys",Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jspencer/2266-017r.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/118904.jpg
148395,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,Fragment of hilt of a late Bronze Age sword with one dome-headed rivet in-situ. Midrib visible. ,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,16.02,,,5,32.5,1,Nick Herepath,Nick Herepath,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Over Alderley,SJ8675,From a paper map,53.271799,-2.211386,LVPL-8844B2,,LVPL8844B2a.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/alexw/LVPL8844B2a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/563085.jpg
149073,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Early Bronze Age, Bronze cast-flanged axe whose sides are straight and near parallel, curving outwards markedly near the blade, giving a splayed blade.  The artefact has a flat shaped butt end, which tapers in section.  Unusually, the butt end of the axe is pierced by a circular hole (6mm in diameter).  This was made with care in antiquity, possibly by drilling into the metal with a circular implement from each side of the artefact, the hole breaking through the middle (as suggested by its slightly hourglass shaped profile).  The hole is slightly offset from the centre of the butt, and begins 9mm from the butt end.  The axe has a pitted surface appearance with a brown and black coloured iron rich encrustation on the surface, probably deriving from the burial environment of the artefact.  Metallic Bronze is revealed in small areas along the flange top on one side of the implement.  Length 96.5mm, blade width 51.0mm, butt width 17.0mm, maximum thickness 13.0mm, flange depths c.2.0mm, weight 111.5g.

This is an undecorated Type Derryniggin flanged axe belonging to the Inch Island-Derryniggin metalwork tradition of the Early Bronze Age (Harbison 1969).  It can be assigned to Period 4 and Metalwork Assemblage 6 of the British Bronze Age, dating from 1700-1500cal BC (Needham 1996).","Parallels for this flanged axe have been found at Bryn Coch, Blaenrhonddan, Neath (Savory 1980, Cat.No.121) and Margam, Neath-Port Talbot (Savory 1980, Cat.No.122).  The characteristic metalwork products of this period were flanged axes, tanged and end looped spearheads and Camerton-Snowshill daggers (see Burgess 1980).  These are rare in Wales however, by comparison with Inch Island products in Ireland and Arreton products in southern and eastern England (Burgess and Cowen 1972).  It is possible that the axe was made within Wales, as the product of a small scale metalworking centre, and this is a question which might be approached through metallurgical analysis of the impurities within this bronze artefact.  During the past fifteen years copper mines have been found in Wales, and dated to the Early and Middle Bronze Age, using radiocarbon dating method, and therefore a Welsh source is a possibility.

The reason for piercing the object at the butt end is not immediately clear, and is a rare occurance on comparable flanged axes of this date.  The hole may have been associated with the securing of the haft to the blade, have been used for suspension in some way, or pierced as a deliberate act prior to its deposition.",4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1999-06-25T23:00:00Z,,,,111.5,,,13,96.5,1,Adam Gwilt,Sian Williams,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Mumbles,SS6390,From a paper map,51.59214348,-3.97911853,NMGW-EF8FC1,,,,,,,
149093,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"The lower blade of a Middle-Late Bronze Age socketed axehead. This type of axehead are most frequently found to date to the Eqart Park phase (1000-800BC). No trace of the socket remains, but the body is thick (10mm). The object is covered in a pale green patina and there is some pitting. There are no blade tip hollows and the blade does not expand greatly; the blade width is 29mm whilst the cutting edge width is 36mm. The cutting edge is rounded and intact. It is blunt, and there are no remaining traces of sharpening. 

The fragment of axehead weighs 29.19g and is 23mm in length.

The object resembles object 8 from the late Bronze Age Wickham Park hoard from Croydon in Surrey  and object 39 from the Meldreth hoard from Meldreth in Cambridgeshire (Inventaria Archaeologica). However, the fragmentary nature of the object precludes any definate correlations.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,29.19,,,,,1,Rachel Wood,Rachel Wood,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Mildenhall,SU2069,From a paper map,51.419664,-1.713771,WILT-F09C91,,Gillet1006axe.jpg,Bronze Age Axe Head (incomplete),Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwood/Gillet1006axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/118887.jpg
149892,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead, dating from the Late Bronze Age between c. 1150 - c. 800 BC (length: 38mm; width: 14.5mm; thickness: 8mm; weight: 9.7g).



The sub-triangular tip of the socketed spearhead is all that remains of this spearhead, which is lozenge-shaped in section. There is the corroded and worn remains of a central midrib running down the artefact's length to either side, as well as slightly incomplete bevelled or ridged blade edges to the left and right on both sides. The hollow open socket is still visible although the artefact is now completely full of earth. The spearhead terminates in a pointed and corroded tip. Overall, the spearhead is in a worn and corroded condition, although some areas of dark green patina remain.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-10-09T23:00:00Z,2006-10-09T23:00:00Z,,,9.7,,,8,38,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Shenstone,SK0703,From finder,52.624718,-1.898026,WMID-887EC2,,WMID-887EC2.JPG,Late Bronze Age spear (front and back views),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-887EC2.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/124641.jpg
150284,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,1500,1150,"The tip, probably of a small side-looped spearhead.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,7.62,,,,41,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Clandon,TQ0550,From a paper map,51.239527,-0.497257,SUR-AEEE47,,06.79.JPG,Bronze Age spear tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.79.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/120575.jpg
150286,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"
The tip, probably of a spearhead of late Bronze Age date. The tip is hollow and has casting debris in its socket.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,17.19,,,9,44.5,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Clandon,TQ0550,From a paper map,51.239527,-0.497257,SUR-AF0355,,06.80.JPG,Bronze Age spear tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.80.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/120576.jpg
150615,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,A fragment from the upper part of a sword of Late Bronze Age date. The fragment comprises the junction between the hilt and the blade and is 18.5mm wide at the hilt. There are pronounced ridges along both sides and the edges of a pair of rivet holes on the broken lower edge.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,20.1,,,7,34,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Clandon,TQ0350,From a paper map,51.239891,-0.525897,SUR-DA8792,,06.260a.JPG,Late Bronze Age sword,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.260a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/120918.jpg
150617,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1900,"Early Bronze Age developed flat axe of the Aylesford industrial phase. Rounded butt corners, slight stop (not a ridge, more gentle slope) edges around middle of axe also slightly sloping upwards, but not forming definite flanges. Damaged blade tips. Edge bevel begins a c.12mm from blade edge. yellowish metal, some dark green patina, some light green/blue corrosion.



Length 141.22mm, width of blade (tips damaged) 57.40mm, width at butt end 24.2mm, thickness across stop 12.5mm, weight 302.2g.",Gone through Treasure process 2007 T17 - disclaimed.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Unknown,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,,2007T17,,302.2,,,12.5,141.22,1,Rachel Atherton,Rachel Atherton,,,,,,,,,DENO-DA8C26,,E5244 flat axe.jpg,Early Bronze Age developed flat axe.,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ratherton/E5244 flat axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/121033.jpg
150619,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,A blade fragment from a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. The fragment displays the casting seam as well as sharpening striations. The base of the socket is off centre - the thickness of the wall to either side of the socket varies from 4mm to 1.5mm. The surfaces are dark green shading to brown.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,38.84,,,13,31,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Clandon,TQ0350,From a paper map,51.239891,-0.525897,SUR-DAADF4,,06.261b.JPG,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.261b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/120919.jpg
150631,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1300,"Middle Bronze Age broad blade Sleaford type palstave axe, Taunton industrial phase, 1400-1300BC. Single mid rib. Length c.155mm, width (blade tip to tip) 48.8mm, width across centre (including loop) 41.4mm, width across butt end 24.96mm, thickness across centre 34.87mm, weight 539.7g.",Gone through Treasure process 2007 T17 - disclaimed.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Unknown,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,,2007T17,,539.7,,,34.87,155,1,Rachel Atherton,Rachel Atherton,,,,,,,,,DENO-DBE907,,E5244 palstave axe full a.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave axe.,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ratherton/E5244 palstave axe full a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/121035.jpg
150639,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1200,"Middle Bronze Age late palstave axe, Penard industrial phase, c.1300-1200BC. Possibly Type Roundhay Trident varient. Three decorative converging ribs on the blade just after the stop, one side loop. One nick out of the cutting edge. The butt end is broken off and the remainder of the haft end is badly distorted, with flanges and stop flattened on one surface, and the whole bent down to that surface, with some cracks in the flanges on the other surface. Yellowish metal, no patina. Length 127.6, width (blade tip to tip) 50.64mm, width across centre (including loop) 44.3mm, width across break 30.65mm, thickness across centre 33.4mm, weight 497.8g.",Gone through Treasure process 2007 T17 - disclaimed.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Unknown,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,,2007T17,,497.8,,,33.4,127.6,1,Rachel Atherton,Rachel Atherton,,,,,,,,,DENO-DC2B23,,E5244 palstave axe broken a.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age palstave axe, broken.",Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ratherton/E5244 palstave axe broken a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/121034.jpg
150645,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,,"Middle Bronze Age spearhead, kite shaped blade with side loops, prominent mid rib and three decorative ribs on the socket. The socket goes to the base of the blade and does not extend into it - Class 2 (Greenwell & Brewiss 1909), Acton Park industrial phase c.1600BC. Length 138.4mm, width at loops 32.97mm, width at base of blade 31.21mm, thickness at socket opening 22.68mm, thickness at start of blade c.14mm, depth of socket 57mm, weight 147.0g.",Gone through Treasure process 2007 T17 - disclaimed.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Unknown,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,,2007T17,,147,,,22.68,138.4,1,Rachel Atherton,Rachel Atherton,,,,,,,,,DENO-DC4C87,,E5244-4261 spear small a.jpg,Early Bronze Age kite shaped looped spearhead.,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ratherton/E5244-4261 spear small a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/121037.jpg
150654,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1300,"Middle Bronze Age leaf shaped basal looped spearhead, Greenwell & Brewiss Class 3a, Taunton industrial phase, 1400-1300BC. Broken in two at the base of the blade; distorted at the breaks. The socket extends into the blade and wood survives within it visible in both sides of the break. Yellowish metal some patchy light and dark green patina. Total length c. 300mm, length of socket half 140.0, length of blade half 160mm, width of blade 51.4mm, thickness across socket at loops c.22mm, thickness at socket opening (distorted) 15mm-31mm, total weight 338.4g (weight of socket half 166.0g; weight of blade half 172.4g).",Gone through Treasure process 2007 T17 - disclaimed.,3,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Unknown,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,,2007T17,,338.4,,,,300,1,Rachel Atherton,Rachel Atherton,,,,,,,,,DENO-DC8D26,,E5244 spear large a.jpg,Early Bronze Age leaf shaped basal looped spearhead.,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ratherton/E5244 spear large a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/121036.jpg
151024,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast bronze palstave axehead, dating to the Middle Bronze Age between 1500 - 1150 BC (length: 123mm; width at blade tip: 41.5mm; thickness at flange side: 19mm; weight: 137g).

The palstave axehead is sub-rectangular in plan and lozenge-shaped in section.  The septum end (length: 47mm; width: 21.5mm; thickness: 9.5mm) of the axehead is incomplete (the butt is completely missing) with a V-shaped break which is visible from the planned view of the artefact.  The septum also has flange facets that protrude upwards by approximately 5mm along the outside edge to the left and right and to either side of the artefact.  The protruding stop (width of the artefact at the stop: 21.5mm; thickness: see above), which when complete, would have been positioned halfway down the palstave, is more prominent on one side in comparison to the other (height of the stop on the prominent side: 14mm). Below the stop on the blade end of the artefact, there is a slight dished and small shield-shaped recess particularly visible on one side of the axehead.  The blade splays outwards towards the curved blade tip (see width above) with none of the original cutting edge remaining. The triangular sectioned blade tapers from a thickness of 19mm at the stop to 4.5mm immediately before the blade tip.  There is no evidence of a side loop on the artefact.  Overall, the palstave axehead is in a worn and corroded condition with none of the original patina remaining.  There are also small areas of bronze disease, which are particularly visible at the side flanges and stop on one side of the artefact only.

A similar example is illusrated in Watson, P, J, 1993, 'Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums', page 7, ref no 37, which was found in Kings Heath, Birmingham.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,,137,,,19,123,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard,SJ8210,From finder,52.687387,-2.267724,WMID-2E5FE1,,WMID-2E5FE1.JPG,"Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead (front, side and back views)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-2E5FE1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/122436.jpg
151245,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"This hoard contains 19 metalwork fragments, representing 15 artefacts, 2 casting jets and 1 ingot or cake fragment. It comprises:- 9 socketed axes: 6 South Wales type socketed axes 1 ribbed socketed axe 1 South-eastern type (Class A) plain socketed axe 1 Plain slender socketed axe Tools: 1 riveted sickle 1 Thorndon type socketed knife Weapons: 1 Carp's Tongue sword blade 1 leaf shaped sword blade 1 Plain Pegged spearhead with long socket and kite shaped blade (2 fragments) Fittings and ornaments: 1 domed and decorated plate Metalworking debris: 2 single runner casting jets 1 ingot / cake","The top artefact was found at 0.10m below the ground surface, while the bottom artefact was found at a depth of 0.30m.



This record was duplicated within record: NMGW-7F6D83, which has now been deleted.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,2291.1,,,,,19,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanbadoc,SO3301,,51.70372291,-2.97095132,NMGW-440A24,,BA hoard pontypool.jpg,Bronze Age metalwork hoard,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/BA hoard pontypool.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/121497.jpg
151290,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-2050,"Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe of uncertain type, possibly of Type Dunnottar and of Metalwork Assemblage III, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 2, c. 2,300 - 2,050 BC. The axe has an overall length of 106.95mm and weighs 176.7g. The butt has suffered some damage, but is narrow and short with a surviving width of 16mm and would have been rounded or possibly even pointed. The sides are straight and diverge gradually to the unexpanded blade. The sides are rounded across their thickness, giving the axe an oval section. The blade has a width of 59.04mm and has a shallow blade edge. The narrow butt, straight sides and shallow edge produce a markedly triangular form to the axe. The faces are gently convex, producing a moderate lenticular long profile. The axe is thickest around its midpoint at 10.02mm. The axe has poor surface preservation with a pale brown patina, areas of the sides and faces have active corrosion.","Non-destructive analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the axe was carried out by Mary Davis using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Readings were normalised to 100% to obtain consistency and to make the analyses comparable with other results. Results obtained suggest the axe is made of bronze and is broadly consistent with Early Bronze Age metal types. Metallurgical sampling of the axe would provide greater accuracy on the metallurgical composition. The triangular axe form with straight sides diverging to the unexpanded blade edge would not be consistent with the more common Migdale axe type. Dunnottar axes are typologically midway between copper and bronze axes (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, p 31) .",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,176.7,,,10.02,106.95,1,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Kington Rural,SO3055,From a paper map,52.188781,-3.02537071,NMGW-4634E0,,2006102.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2006102.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629382.jpg
152215,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,A triangular fragment from the butt end of a palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. The beginning of the side ridges is just present.,,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,6.6,,,,24.37,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,East Clandon,TQ0351,From a paper map,51.24888,-0.52561,SUR-D7BE10,,06.363.JPG,Middle Bronze Age palstave axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.363.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/122564.jpg
152331,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of South Wales (or Stogursey) Type and dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Period 7 and dated to c. 950 - 750BC The axe-head is incomplete, missing the mouth on one face, with the face missing a portion. The axe is comparatively small with an overall length of 59.50mm and a weight of 62.4g. The incomplete mouth would have been sub-rectangular (36.32mm x 25.3mm). The remnants of the three casting stubs are evident on the three remaining sides of the mouth, demonstrating the axe was produced using four-runner casting technology. The socket has a depth of 39.5mm. The cornice-like mouth moulding or collar has a length of 7.5mm. The slender loop springs from beneath the base of the collar. The sides are straight and diverge slightly before the blade to produce a slightly expanded blade edge. The remnants of the casting flashes are prominent on the sides, and have been finished, probably by hammering. The sides are slightly bevelled towards the centre, producing a slightly hexagonal body profile. The blade edge is poorly preserved and has a width of 38.05mm. Both faces were decorated with three ribs, beginning at the base of the collar and continuing for c. 30mm. The ribs are convergent on the holed face and appear to be parallel on the face with the damaged mouth. The sides of the faces are pronounced suggesting additional ribs. Light sharpening striations are discernible running perpendicular to the blade edge. The surface of the axe is well preserved and has a mid-brown patina. Orange discolouration around the loop is likely to be the result of mineral staining. The damage to the axe is not consistent with its use and does not appear to be the result of casting problems. There is the suggestion that the holed face bows outwards at the base of the hole and that the other face may bend in slightly, perhaps suggesting a sharp implement was forced through both faces.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,62.4,,,,59.5,1,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,Newport,Newport,Marshfield,ST2583,From a paper map,51.540895,-3.082838,NMGW-E97AE5,,2006110.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2006110.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629386.jpg
152709,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment from a cast copper-alloy Middle Bronze Age Rapier/Dirk. The incomplete butt has notched sides and only one surviving incomplete rivet hole with a diameter of 2.9mm. Only a fragment of the tapering blade survives and is lozenge-shaped in cross-section with a slight rib running down the centre. The surviving length is 34.5mm, the width is 34.4mm, the thickness is 2.8mm and the weight is 10.95g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,10.95,,,2.8,34.5,1,Lisa Staves,Lisa Staves,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Bigby,TA0508,GPS (from the finder),53.55812828,-0.41635599,NLM-5360A5,,NLM10848.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier Fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lstaves/NLM10848.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/122980.jpg
153058,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age copper-alloy leaf-shaped spearhead, 41mm long, 13mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 7.58g. The object is in good, but fragmentary condition with a brown patina. The object consists of part of a hollow conical shaft which has one 'blade' with a curved end present and the remains of another opposite. Most of one side is missing but the point is intact.",The two pieces of the object were found in a different year and identified as the same object by the finder.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1990-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,7.58,7,41,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,MELTON MOWBRAY,SK7517,From finder,52.745429,-0.890415,LEIC-69E504,,69E504 .JPG,Bronze age arrowhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/69E504 .JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/123474.jpg
153059,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy gouge, 55mm long, 14mm wide and 10mm thick. The object is in fairly good condition with a green patina and weighs 12.05 grams. The objects consists of a sub-circular sectioned shaft, which begins with a flattened crescentric section running from the rounded tip. This gradually morphs into a circular section which is marked by a rounded protruding collar about 3mm thick. Below the collar is a fragment of circular sectioned shaft which has broken off.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1990-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,12.05,,,10,55,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Eaton,SK7728,From finder,52.84401323,-0.85820858,LEIC-69E723,,69E723.JPG,Bronze age Gouge,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/69E723.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/123475.jpg
153805,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead fragment. THere are opposing loops on the socket. The spearhead has an even green patina and a corroded surface.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-10-15T23:00:00Z,,,,13.5,,16.34,,54.16,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ9250,From finder,51.216911,0.747829,KENT-D4DB43,,PAK181-017.JPG,KENT-D4DB43: Bronze Age Spearhead Socket (Reverse),Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/PAK181-017.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/124129.jpg
153808,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"
Late Bronze Age socketed axe head fragment.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-10-15T23:00:00Z,,,,18.9,,,14.88,30.69,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ9150,From finder,51.217246,0.733528,KENT-D4EC17,,PAK181-019.JPG,KENT-D4EC17: Bronze Age Socketed Axehead (Reverse),Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/PAK181-019.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/124131.jpg
153908,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1150,"Incomplete Bronze Age palstave cast in copper alloy. The fragment is from the butt end of the palstave, flanked either side by parallel flanges. The the break is extremely worn, and is located above the backstop, thus none of the blade is present on the fragment. The fragment is sub-triangular in profile. The surface is very worn and it has an even green patina. The surviving section of the palstave is 47.85mm long, 24.15mm wide and 14.79mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2006-10-15T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,14.79,47.85,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,Offham,TQ6556,From finder,51.279251,0.364366,KENT-D71B51,,PAK181-098.JPG,KENT-D71B51 Bronze Age Palstave (Profile),Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/PAK181-098.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/124310.jpg
154287,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A worn and corroded fragment, probably from a palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. It is sub-rectangular in shape with a roughly rounded butt end.  It expands from c. 1.9mm at the butt to 9.3mm at the break: the edge is triangular. In cross-section the object is sub-rectangular.  There are side flanges on both upper and lower faces, either side of the septum (the area between the flanges and the stop ridge).  The whole has corroded to a coarse surface mainly mid-green in colour but with large areas of a black coating, particularly on one face.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-10-23T23:00:00Z,,,,20.1,,,9.3,29.6,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Ashley,SU3730,From a paper map,51.068146,-1.473323,HAMP-02D466,,HAMP-02D466palstavefrag.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave fragment (probably),Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-02D466palstavefrag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/124848.jpg
154591,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"
Fragment of a Bronze Age rapier / sword blade
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-04-19T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,6.97,32.92,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Medway,Medway,Cliffe and Cliffe Woods,TQ7273,From finder,51.429899,0.472846,KENT-69D511,,PAK165-021.JPG,KENT-69D511.  Bronze Age copper alloy sword or rapier.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK165-021.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/139361.jpg
154613,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,Very worn palstave axehead. Transverse break. Black residue on one side. ,See Gile's record!!,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,59.28,,,15.53,39.01,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,,,,,,,,,KENT-6AD073,,PAK164-035.JPG,KENT-6AD073.  Bronze Age copper alloy axe.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK164-035.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/139319.jpg
154626,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-700,"
Bronze Age rapier blade / carpes tongue blade, or tapered spearhead fragment.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,1990-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,8.83,35.88,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,,,,,,,KENT-6B23E3,,PAK188-028.JPG,"KENT-6B23E3.  Bronze Age blade fragment from sword, spear or rapier.",Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK188-028.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/160562.jpg
154687,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Old Kemeys Hoard 950-750 BC, includes 5 complete bronze South Wales Type socketed axes, 3 bronze South Wales Variant Type socketed axes 2 complete 1 fragment and 1 complete bronze Gillespie type faceted axe.","The discovery was followed up with excavation by Philip Macdonald and Adam Gwilt with the assistance of the finder.  The top of the hoard pit was 0.30m below ground surface, while the base was 0.38m deep.  Discovered in 1999, 2 removed by detectorists and 7 excavated in situ by archaeologists.",3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,9,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,Newport,Newport,Langstone,ST3893,From a paper map,51.632378,-2.897184,NMGW-7C1291,,kemeyshoard.bmp,Kemeys Hoard,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/kemeyshoard.bmp,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/125867.jpg
154688,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Windmill Farm Hoard 950-750 BC found in 1998, 1 bronze South Wales Type Socketed Axe and 1 socketed axe.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,2,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9978,From a paper map,51.491894,-3.45619,NMGW-7C6BF2,,,,,,,
154691,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Brigam Farm Hoard 950-750BC, One complete casting jet, two incomplete South Wales type socketed axes, one incomplete plain socketed axe, 2 ribbed sockecketed axe fragments, one intermediate socketed axe fragment, one sword fragment and 2 blade fragments.","Discovered in 1998, the assemblage was likely to have been scattered by the construction of the M4 motorway and residually deposited in surrounding areas.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,10,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9880,From a paper map,51.509691,-3.471168,NMGW-7CFB43,,,,,,,
154695,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"St Nicholas Hoard 950-750BC, five complete South Wales Type Socketed Axes, one complete plain slender axe, one complete Gouge, one complete lanceolate spearhead, one complete eliptical spearhead, one complete casting jet for a South Wales Type socketed Axe, one complete casting jet.  Two incomplete South Wales Type Socketed Axe, one incomplete South Wale Variant Socketed Axe, one incomplete Southern English ribbed socketed axe, one incomplete undiagnostic axe, one incomplete Thorndon knife, three incomplete Ewart Swords, one incomplete bracelet, one incomplete Jet for South Wales axe.  One slender faceted axe fragment, eight undiagnostic socketed axe fragments, one gouge fragment, one Ewart Sword fragment, five sword decorated scabbard fragments, one casting jet for South Wales axe fragment and two cake fragments.","Found in 2002, the hoard discovery was followed up with a site visit and followed by a small excavation .  This indicated that the metal-detector pit dug by the finder had removed all trace of any archaeological pit containing the hoard.",3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,42,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,St. Nicholas and Bonvilston,ST0874,From a paper map,51.457475,-3.325551,NMGW-7D3137,,StNicholasBAhoard.jpg,Bronze Age hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/StNicholasBAhoard.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624565.jpg
154718,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Tal Y Garn 1 Hoard 950-750BC, one incomplete South Wales type socketed axe, one incomplete socketed axe, four ribbed socketed axes three incomplete and one fragment, one Southern English Type B ribbed socketed axe fragment, one South-Eaton Type Class A1 plain socketed axe, one plain socketed axe fragment and one incomplete ribbed late Palstave.",Found in 2002. The hoard was within the plough soil and had been scattered within an area of approximately 5m diameter.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,9,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0379,From a paper map,51.50158371,-3.39886868,NMGW-7E5F81,,talygarn 1.TIF,Tal Y Garn Hoard 1,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/talygarn 1.TIF,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/125868.jpg
154719,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Tal Y Garn 2 950-750BC, two complete South Wales socketed axes, two complete South Wales variant socketed axes, one complete South Eastern type socketed axe, two incomplete South Wales Type Socketed Axe, one incomplete Yorkshire/Welby type socketed axe, one incomplete small plain socketed axe, three incomplete ribbed socketed axes, two incomplete socketed implements, one incomplete casting jet, four Ewart sword fragments, four leaf shaped sword blade fragments and two socketed implement fragments.","Found in 2002, the hoard was partially recovered from within the ploughsoil. Recognising that further pieces remained in situ beneath the ploughsoil, the finder covered the site up and contacted PAS. A small excavation was undertaken to recover contextual information. The remainder of the assemblage was found to be lying within a former submerged land surface. The landowner was unable to confirm that the area had been drained and reclaimed in the 19th Century. It seems likely that this hoard and Tal Y Garn 1 hoard were placed in or on the edge of a bog.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,23,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0379,From a paper map,51.50158371,-3.39886868,NMGW-7EA628,,,,,,,
154725,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Welsh St. Donats Hoard 950-750BC, five complete robbed socketed axes, one complete faceted axe and one complete plain socketed axe.",Discovered in 2002. The hoard discovery was followed up with a small excavation with the aid of Steve Sell (GLamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust) and the finder revealing that the hoard contained within a medieval or post-medieval ploughsoil and was buried between 0.25 and 0.55m beneath the present surface. PAS reference numbers : NMGW-E704A6; NMGW-E64084; NMGW-E61A93; NMGW-E59C27; NMGW-E56DA1; NMGW-E54727; NMGW-E50C83,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,7,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Welsh St. Donats,ST0176,From a paper map,51.47427047,-3.42683086,NMGW-7F0352,,Welsh st donats.TIF,Welsh St. Donats Hoard,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/Welsh st donats.TIF,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/125866.jpg
154727,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"'Cowbridge' Hoard 950-750BC, eleven complete South Wales socketed axes, two complete South Wales Variant socketed axes, two complete South Eastern ribbed socketed axes, one complete type Meldreth socketed axe, two complete cake casting jets, seven incomplete South Wales socketed axes, two incomplete South Wales variant socketed axes, one incomplete plain pegged spearhead, one incomplete cake, one South Wales Variant socketed axe fragment, one South Eastern plain/Southern ribbed socketed axe fragment, one plain socketed axe fragment, two sword fragments, one spear fragment, three cake fragments, one casting jet fragment and one intermediate fragment.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,41,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Cowbridge with Llanblethian,,,,,NMGW-7F3CA8,,,,,,,
154734,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Llangwm Hoard 1000-900BC, Three complete South Wales Type socketed axes, two complete South Wales Variant socketed axes, one complete Gillespie type faceted axe, two incomplete South Wales Type socketed axes, One incomplete South wales Variant Socketed axe, one incomplete Yorkshire Type socketed axe, one incomplete stepped-blade spearhead, one incomplete Ewart sword, one plain-pegged spearhead fragment and one fillet defined spearhead fragment.","Found in 2001, the top axe was found 0.25m below ground surface, while the remainder were found at a depth of approximately 0.40m.",3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,17,Sian Williams,Sian Williams,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llangwm,SO4301,From a paper map,51.70483,-2.82626,NMGW-7F9FF3,,,,,,,
154837,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Cast copper alloy flat / proto-palstave axehead from the early Bronze Age with a crescent-shaped blade.  The body of the object thickens towards the middle and there are ridges along the sides, running perpendicularly to the blade. A slight ridge may be felt in the centre of the body where this section begins to become thinner and more narrow before terminating. The width of the blade is 63.2mm; the opposite end is 24.8mm in width.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-12-02T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,12.3,126.6,1,Simon Holmes,Simon Holmes,,Doncaster,Doncaster,,,,,,YORYM-91EB90,,91EB90.jpg,Copper Axe Head. Early Bronze Age.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sholmes/91EB90.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/126631.jpg
155086,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Copper alloy tip of a spear dating to the Bronze Age. 

In plan the spear is triangular. On both faces it has a medial ridge. ",Edge thickness- 1.5mm,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,14.8,,,7.8,42.65,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Wood Enderby,TF2764,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.157992,-0.102069,NCL-BA7764,,May spear tip.jpg,Cu alloy spear tip.,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/May spear tip.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/126032.jpg
155181,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Bronze Age spear head, cast in copper alloy. The incomplete spear head is lozenge shaped, with bevelled edges and a pronounced central ridge running down both faces. The tip and edges of the spearhead are extremely worn. There is a worn break across the spearhead, with none of the socket remaining. The spearhead has a sub-lozenge cross section, which suggests it is part of side looped socketed spearhead of middle Bronze Age date. The surface of the metal has some pitting and it has a patchy mid to dark green patina. The fragment is 41.99mm long, with a maximum width of 8.06mm, a minimum width of 2.79mm, and a maximum thickness of 4.72mm, minimum thickness of 1.87mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-11-28T00:00:00Z,,,,4.51,,,4.72,41.99,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kings Somborne,SU3731,From finder,51.077137,-1.473221,HAMP-252944,,HAMP-252944 Spearhead.jpg,Bronze Age spear tip,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/HAMP-252944 Spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/125784.jpg
155182,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe, cast in copper alloy. Only a fragment of the axe survives. There are worn transverse breaks at both ends, leaving only part of the socket. The breaks appear old, however one, towards the butt end is more recent. The surviving section is sub-rectangular, with the sides expanding out towards what would have been the blade end. The fragment is rectangular in profile, with casting flashes along both sides. The axe has a worn surface and an even mid green patina. It is filled with compact soil. The axe fragment is 36.52mm long, 26.83mm wide and 13.18mm thick.","1 of 4 fragments of different socketed axeheads found in the same area. Probably from a dispersed hoard. See HAMP-255006, HAMP-255D51 and HAMP-2556C6. 

This hoard does not constitute treasure, due to discovery in the late 1970's. Prehistoric base metal hoards did not come under the Treasure Act (1996) until 2003. Base metal finds were not treasure under Treasure Trove.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1978-01-01T00:00:00Z,1979-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,27.26,,,13.18,36.52,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Ashley,SU3731,From finder,51.077137,-1.473221,HAMP-253D34,,HAMP-253D34 Socketed axe.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/HAMP-253D34 Socketed axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/126941.jpg
155183,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe, cast in copper alloy. Only a fragment of the axe survives, including the blade end. There is a worn transverse break across the socket. The socket was originally rectangular, but has been crushed inwards along one edge. The surviving section of axe is sub-rectangular with a triangular profile. The sides are straight, expanding out slightly at the blade end. There are casting flashes along both sides. The blade is straight and is quite worn, however the wear is more pronounced on one side. The axe has a worn surface and an even mid green patina. The fragment is 28.29mm long, 35.01mm wide and 13.33mm thick.","1 of 4 fragments of different socketed axeheads found in the same area. Probably from a dispersed hoard. See HAMP-253D34, HAMP-255D51 and HAMP-2556C6.

This hoard does not constitute treasure, due to discovery in the late 1970's. Prehistoric base metal hoards did not come under the Treasure Act (1996) until 2003. Base metal finds were not treasure under Treasure Trove.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1978-01-01T00:00:00Z,1979-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,47.04,,,13.33,28.29,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Ashley,SU3731,From finder,51.077137,-1.473221,HAMP-255006,,HAMP-255006 Socketed axe.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/HAMP-255006 Socketed axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/126942.jpg
155197,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Incomplete fragment of a cast bronze side looped and socketed spear (spearhead) of probable Middle Bronze Age date (1500 - 1150 BC). The fragment represents the lower part of the blade and the upper part of the socket. The point, blade, and lower socket (with associated string-like loops) are missing. Therefore, accurate dimensions of the spears length and width cannot be given. The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with an irregular cross section. The top of the fragment consists of the upper part of the central rib and is lozenge shaped in cross section; the spearhead expands towards the base of the socket where it is sub-circular in cross section. The base of the socket has been damaged and broken; the internal diameter is approximately 18.7 x 18.2mm. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The fragment measures 54.4mm lengths, has a maximum width of 14.4mm and maximum thickness of 10.3mm. The depth of the socket is 24.1mm. The spearhead weighs 12.86 grams. 

The spearhead is a mid-brown green colour with a relatively complete polished patina that covered all surfaces. This patina has been abraded in several areas and there are a few pock marks from corrosion on the socket. There are also a number of patches of light green powdery corrosion present. As mentioned above the blade of the spearhead is missing. This damage is relatively old as the breaks are worn and abraded. It is suggested that this spearhead fits with similar looped spearheads dated to the Middle Bronze Age, unfortunately the lack of diagnostic features on this examples means that a more detailed and accurate date cannot be achieved.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.86,,,10.3,54.4,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Hinckley and Bosworth,Market Bosworth,SK4003,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.623297,-1.410546,HESH-29C652,,HESH-29C652.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed Spear,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/preavill/HESH-29C652.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/191930.jpg
155230,Finger Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2150,100,"A large copper alloy finger ring formed from a coiled rod. The rod is sub-circular in section with sharply cut ends. The ring has a diameter of 33.9mm, is 13.2mm tall over three coils of the rod, and the rod is 4.9mm thick. There is an even light green and brown patina on all surfaces. This large ring could have been used as currency and probably dates from the Bronze Age or Iron Age. There is a very close parallel in the Yorkshire Museum Boynton Collection (YORYM 2006.1110) which is from Cyprus. There are also similar examples, but larger and described as bracelets, on page 121 of Nicholson (1980) Catalogue of the Prehistoric Metalwork in Merseyside County Museums. Merseyside County Council: Liverpool.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-12-12T00:00:00Z,,,,18.6,,33.9,4.9,13.2,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Cawood,SE5736,Generated from computer mapping software,53.817164,-1.135716,SWYOR-3FF370,,241 ring.jpg,Bronze Age or Iron Age finger ring,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/241 ring.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/125751.jpg
155792,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast bronze palstave axehead with possible stumped remains of a side loop, dating to the Middle Bronze Age between 1500 - 1150 BC (length: 157mm; width at blade tip: 65.5mm; thickness at flange side: 34.5mm; weight: exceeds the weight limit of 250g).

The palstave axehead is sub-rectangular in plan and lozenge-shaped in section at the flanges. The septum end (length: 61mm; width: 28.5mm) of the axehead is incomplete with an incomplete butt due to corrosion and a irregular break at the terminal. The septum also has incomplete and corroded flange facets that protrude upwards by approximately 10mm (measured where the flanges are mostly complete) along the outside edge to the left and right and to either side of the artefact. The protruding stop (width of the artefact at the stop: 26mm; thickness: 29.5mm; height of stop to either side: 12mm) is positioned nearly halfway down the palstave.  Below the stop on the blade end of the artefact, there is a slightly dished shield-shaped recess (length of recess: 28.5mm; width: 23.5mm) with raised outer borders on both sides of the axehead, as well as a central protruding ridge running down the centre and beyond this feature (length of central ridge: 54.5mm).  These markings can be described as a ‘trident patterned rib’.  The blade splays outwards towards the curved blade tip (see width above), although none of the original cutting edge remains due to several breaks and areas of bronze disease. The triangular sectioned blade tapers from a thickness of 28.5mm at the stop to 7mm immediately before the blade tip.  Additionally, there is a single and central casting ridge (as a result of the manufacturing process) down the length of either side of the artefact.  Overall, the palstave axehead is in a worn and corroded condition with substantial areas of the original dark brown patina remaining on both sides. There are small areas of bronze disease, which are particularly visible at the butt, side flanges and blade edge of the artefact.

Similar examples with a trident patterned rib are illustrated in Watson, P, J, 1993, 'Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums', pages 8 & 13, ref no 46 & 125, which were found in the Wolverhampton area and Co. Antirm, Ballymoney respectively.

Other similar side looped examples with trident patterns are also illustrated in Savory, H, N, 1980, ‘Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections’, pages170-1, ref nos 167 & 176, found at Llysworney, Glamorgan and Tyncochtery, Montgomeryshire respectively.  Savory also details a hoard from Mynydd Tal-y-glannau, Cemmaes, Montgomeryshire, which contains a number of ‘trident patterned’ axes (page 46).

Lastly, a similar example with a ‘trident pattern’ is illustrated in Pearce, S, M, 1983, ‘The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain Part II’, pages 469 & 610, ref no 372b, found at Eglesham Meadow, Colliton Walk, Dorchester.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-10-09T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,34.5,157,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,King's Bromley,SK1115,Centred on parish,52.73252803,-1.83853898,WMID-262202,,WMID-262202.JPG,"Bronze Age palstave axehead (front, side and back views)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-262202.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/126258.jpg
156120,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe. The fragment is a side portion of the socket mouth. The rim of the mouth has a slightly bulbous ‘n’ shaped profile, particularly on the exterior face. The mouth is then moulded with a wide horizontal high relief band before the body of the axe continues. Only a fragment of the axe body remains before it is broken. This edge is not a recent break, as the patina continues over the broken edge. On the exterior a vertical casting seam bisects the fragment. The interior surface is undecorated and is slightly undulating. The fragment has a well developed heavy dark brown patina. There is some corrosion along the broken edge. It measures 22.83mm long from the rim to the broken edge and 27.38mm wide. It weighs 9.5g.

The fragment dates to the late Bronze Age (-1150 to -800).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-04-15T23:00:00Z,,,,9.5,,,,22.83,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP2941,GPS (from the finder),52.066618,-1.578367,WAW-5FE071,,WAW-5FE071.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe (plan exterior and interior).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-5FE071.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/126561.jpg
156322,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"A largely complete Bronze Age dagger blade, covered with green patina.  The blade has a flat section, with gently tapering, bevelled edges, and part of the tang is extant.  The entire fragment measures  101.01mm long, and is  34.29mm wide at its widest point.  The tang is 6.86mm long.  No decoration is visible.",Deposited with Piddington Roman Villa Museum by an anonymous finder.  Precise date of recovery is unknown.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,38,,,3.95,101.01,1,Steven Ashby,Steven Ashby,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Quinton,SP7855,From finder,52.187738,-0.860464,NARC-7A1368,,NARC-7A1368 Br Age dagger.JPG,Bronze Age Dagger,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sashby/NARC-7A1368 Br Age dagger.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/126895.jpg
156909,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1450,-500,"An incomplete cast copper alloy tanged chisel. The chisel is represented by the blade, shoulder and the beginning of the tang. The tang has broken near the shoulder, and has a rectangular section. The break is not too recent has it has a different coloured patina to the surface. The tang expands in width towards the shoulder. Integral to each side of the shoulder is the remains of an integral lug. The thickness is of the chisel is at its greatest at this point at 5.38mm and may suggest a collar at the shoulder. The blade is a sub-triangle in plan with the sides being slightly concave and the blade is flared, convex and is abraded. The surface of the chisel has an incomplete dark brown patina, which is pitted, particularly on one surface. The chisel measures 38.98mm long and 18.74mm wide across the blade. It weighs 11.5g. 

Tanged chisels occur from the end of the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1450 BC to 600 BC.), and remain in use until Llyn Fawr Metalwork, 750 - 500BC. The collared chisel can be paralleled with a late Middle Bronze Age example found at Rhys Flintshire (Savory 1980, No 224 Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections in the National Museum of Wales Cardiff).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-07-31T23:00:00Z,2006-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,11.5,,,5.38,38.98,1,Peter Reavill,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Hampton Lovett,SO8967,,52.30101,-2.162733,WAW-F5FF52,,WAW-F5FF52.jpg,"Bronze Age: chisel (plan, profile and reverse).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-F5FF52.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/127375.jpg
156939,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,A lump of copper alloy ingot. The object is slightly wedge-shaped in section and is not obviously part of a circular 'bun'.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,114,,,24.89,42.64,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,London,Greater London Authority,Croydon,New Addington,TQ3764,From a paper map,51.35855884,-0.0337435,SUR-F93A85,,06.615.JPG,Bronze Age ingot,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.615.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/127312.jpg
156950,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,A fragment from a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. Only the blade survives and this is very worn with no original surfaces surviving.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-07-29T23:00:00Z,,,,27.78,,,10.99,30.61,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Newdigate,TQ1941,From a paper map,51.15589,-0.299777,SUR-F9C955,,06.620.JPG,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.620.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/127317.jpg
158074,Mount,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2150,100,"Unidentified prehistoric? copper alloy fragment, 28mm long, 11mm deep and 9mm wide. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 9.08 grams. It is sub triangular in section and its curves forming almost an S shape. It starts with a curved edge, 1mm wide, then from here it widens to 9mm. The widest surface has a raised lip at each edge which curves to form the almost S shape, between each lip the surface is formed of a semi-circular depression. At one end the two lips and the underside converge in a curved point. At  the other end the two lips converge but the object carries on. At this point the object has snapped and it has one almost straight edge and one with a shallow crescent shape.  The object is reminiscent of the leaf like protrusions on Iron age terret rings, but the metal 'looks' Bronze age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-23T00:00:00Z,,,,9.08,,,9,28,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Burton Hastings,SP4190,GPS (from the finder),52.506361,-1.397378,LEIC-E0B4D2,,DSCN0493.JPG,Bronze age? copper alloy object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/DSCN0493.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/128555.jpg
158806,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-800,"
A fragment from the lower blade of a cast copper-alloy Bronze Age axehead. The fragment consisting of the cutting edge in full and part of the blade defined by a diagonal cut from the edge on one side to the cutting edge on the other. The whole is pitted and corroded with a green patina.
","
This record was made at a rally and may thus fall below our usual standards of recording.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-12-17T00:00:00Z,,,,17.65,,,7.275,40,1,Ros Tyrrell,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Whitchurch,SU4748,From a paper map,51.229261,-1.32827,HAMP-763226,,HAMP-763226axehead.jpg,Bronze Age axehead fragment,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-763226axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/129215.jpg
159157,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"A cast copper-alloy button of possible Bronze Age date.



The button is roughly circular in form and triangular in section. The base is concave and fitted with a semicircular loop that has a circular-cross section 12mm long, 4mm wide 6mm high. The object is in good condition with a dark green patina. 



This button is similar to an unusual Bronze Age group of objects illustrated by Hawkes (1955, pg G.B.17.3 (3), nos.26-7; G.B.52, no.8 and G.B.55.10) which are dated c.2150-800 BC. A single stray example has also been recorded on the PAS at GLO-585315.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,2.5,,,,18.82,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Hollingbourne,,,,,KENT-A05556,,PAK190-064 copy.jpg,KENT-A05556.  Copper alloy plumb bob.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-064 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/161507.jpg
159588,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"Early Bronze age flat axehead, 63mm long, 57mm wide and 10mm thick (at butt). The axe is in fair condition with a green patin and weighs 65grams. The axe has a rectangular section and it starts 10mm thick but gradually thins to the blades thickness of just over 1mm (which is surprisingly well preserved, almost sharp). The axes sides taper very gently outwards until about two thirds of the way down its length, where the blade splays outwards about 15mm on each side, forming a triangular protrusion. From the corners of these a rounded blade emerges, which is not quite symmetrical. Overall the object appears hastily formed and it has a rough uneven surface.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-06T00:00:00Z,,,,65,,,10,63,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Hinckley and Bosworth,Shackerstone,SK3906,,52.650337,-1.424964,LEIC-05CAF7,,05CAF7b.JPG,Early Bronze age copepr alloy axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/05CAF7b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/129920.jpg
160047,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1250,-800,"Late Bronze Age / Iron Age awl. Cast in copper alloy, It is 40.77mm long, 5.81mm wide and 17.01mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,17.1,40.77,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ8058,From finder,51.292679,0.580217,KENT-42D487,,PAK190-155.JPG,KENT-42D487.  Copper alloy object.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-155.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164794.jpg
160055,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1250,-800,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl. Round sectioned, pointed top. 50.40mm long, 16.47mm in diameter.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,16.47,,50.4,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Sevenoaks,Fawkham,TQ5865,From finder,51.362096,0.268073,KENT-42FD33,,PAK190-160.JPG,KENT-42FD33.  Copper alloy object.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-160.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164798.jpg
160085,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1400,-600,"Bronze Age sickle blade fragment, cast in copper alloy. Worn breaks, lozenge cross-section. It is 25.27mm long, 20.49mm wide and 4.31mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,4.31,25.27,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ8157,From finder,51.28338,0.594037,KENT-43B7E1,,PAK190-182.JPG,KENT-43B7E1.  Bronze Age copper alloy sickle blade fragment.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-182.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164828.jpg
160118,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy pin, broken looped terminal. Circular cross section. It is 77.78mm long, 14.50mm wide and 4.28mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,4.28,77.78,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ8259,From finder,51.301026,0.60938,KENT-445265,,PAK190-200.JPG,KENT-445265.  Bronze Age copper alloy pin.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-200.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164844.jpg
160125,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1250,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy awl. It is 44.84mm long, 5.84mm wide and 5.30mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,5.3,44.84,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ8058,From finder,51.292679,0.580217,KENT-4466E4,,PAK190-204.JPG,KENT-4466E4.  Bronze Age copper alloy awl.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-204.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164847.jpg
160128,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy bead. It has an internal diameter of 4.25mm, an external diameter of 15.46 and is 5.34mm long.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,15.46,,5.34,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ8356,From finder,51.273759,0.622172,KENT-446FF5,,PAK190-205 copy.jpg,KENT-446FF5.  Copper alloy Bronze age bead.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-205 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164858.jpg
160130,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy bead. It has an internal diameter of 6.61mm, an external diameter of 16.08mm and is 9.60mm long.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,16.08,,9.6,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Dover,,,,,,KENT-4478A3,,PAK190-207 copy.jpg,KENT-4478A3.  Copper alloy Bronze age bead.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-207 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164859.jpg
160139,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-800,"Bronze Age axe fragment. Cast in copper alloy. It is 32.39mm long, 22.69mm wide and 14.35mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,14.35,32.39,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,Wrotham,TQ6259,From finder,51.307065,0.322751,KENT-449354,,PAK190-212.JPG,KENT-449354.  Bronze Age copper alloy axe.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-212.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164863.jpg
160154,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"
Bronze Age fragment, ridge on each face. Worn break.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,3.53,26.16,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ8058,From finder,51.292679,0.580217,KENT-44C0C1,,PAK190-218.JPG,KENT-44C0C1.  Bronze age copper alloy fragment.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-218.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164869.jpg
160184,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"Bronze Age palstave fragment with worn breaks. Cast in copper alloy. It is 36.04mm long, 36.25mm wide and 12.66mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,12.66,36.04,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Swale,Borden,TQ8862,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.326023,0.696928,KENT-4552C6,,PAK190-237.JPG,KENT-4552C6. Bronze Age copper alloy axe.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-237.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164883.jpg
160189,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1250,-700,"Bronze Age awl. Cast in copper alloy. Worn ends. Square cross section. It is 58.32mm long, 6.39mm wide and 6.13mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,6.13,58.32,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Gravesham,Meopham,TQ6468,From finder,51.387349,0.355562,KENT-4566F4,,PAK190-239.JPG,KENT-4566F4.  Bronze Age copper alloy awl.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-239.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164885.jpg
160212,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-800,"
Bronze Age copper alloy ingot.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,12.13,54.79,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ8058,From finder,51.292679,0.580217,KENT-469F71,,PAK190-252.JPG,KENT-469F71. Bronze Age(?) copper alloy object.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK190-252.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164895.jpg
160287,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The waste is a sprue or jet from a moulded object. The sprue is an inverted conical which is sub-circular in section. The tip is flattened and enlarged. The sprue has a heavy brown patina, and measures 33.62mm long, 24.84mm wide and weighs 46.53g.

Phil Watson (Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery) comments the sprue is likely to date to the Bronze Age due to the nature of the patina and its shape.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,46.53,,,,33.62,1,Phil Watson,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Bickmarsh,SP1050,From finder,52.148198,-1.855272,WAW-48D8F4,,WAW-48D8F4.jpg,"Bronze Age; casting waste, a sprue or jet (profile x2).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-48D8F4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/130408.jpg
160321,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-600,A large fragment of an awl of Bronze Age date. One end is missing and the other end is truncated as well. The central portion is square in cross section. The surviving end has a round section.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-18T23:00:00Z,,,,2.53,,,,27,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Ellesborough,SP8207,From a paper map,51.755697,-0.813418,-SUR 585120.00,,06.592.JPG,Bronze Age awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.592.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/129519.jpg
160619,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"A cast copper alloy incomplete socketed axe. The lower portion of the axe remains, including a fragment of the internal socket and blade. Only the tip of the socket is visible before the axe has a broken edge. This break is not recent as the patina on the break matches that on the surface of the axe.  The sides of the axe taper outwards towards the blade tip. The blade tips are not flared outwards and are now rounded, probably due to corrosion rather than wear. The blade cutting edge is rounded and blunt, and is slightly convex in plan. The surface of the axe is abraded, but has patches of a well developed dark grey/black patina. The axe weighs 49.69g. From the cutting edge to the upper edge it measures 49.59mm, across the blade, from tip to tip, it measures 27.56mm wide from the break to the apex of the blade and 12.76mm thick.

The socketed axe dates to the late Bronze Age, -900 to -700.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-11-01T00:00:00Z,2007-01-27T00:00:00Z,,,49.69,,,12.76,27.56,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Drakes Broughton and Wadborough,SO9347,From a paper map,52.121269,-2.103654,WAW-B0D0E4,,WAW-B0D0E4.jpg,Bronze Age Axe: Socketed (plan profile and reverse).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-B0D0E4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/131018.jpg
160676,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,A bronze palstave recovered by metal detecting over a field centred on this NGR and 'a wider area'. Artefact not seen by recorder.,,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Karina Kucharski,Jeff Spencer,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Gresford,SJ3656,From finder,53.097347,-2.957241,CPAT-B2B473,,,,,,,
161107,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy rapier blade fragment or spearhead tip. The fragment is sub-triangular, with the two longest edges curving towards the pointed tip. There is a worn, transverse break at the other end of the fragment. Both faces have a central rib running down the length of the blade. There is a very slight groove to each side of the rib, before tapering in thickness to the edges. This gives the blade a shallow lozenge cross section. The fragment is extremely worn on all edges and both faces, which are also pitted. One edge of the blade has a small notch, it is unclear if this notch is intentional or part of post depositional damage. It has a mid to dark green patina, which is lighter in the pitted recesses. The fragment is 50.73mm long, 17.5mm wide and 3.81mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-13T00:00:00Z,,,,10.93,,,3.81,50.73,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Colemore and Priors Dean,SU7229,From finder,51.055839,-0.974076,HAMP-E18D64,,HAMP-E18D64 Blade fragment.jpg,Bronze Age blade or spearhead fragment,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/HAMP-E18D64 Blade fragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/131278.jpg
161326,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A worn and corroded cast copper-alloy object, probably a Bronze Age gouge.  The artefact is sub-rectangular in shape and U-shaped in cross-section.  On end is open (socketed) and there is a recess extending from this end into the body of the object.  The artefact now has a light-mid green colour as it has suffered from Bronze disease.",This record was made at a rally and may thus fall below our usual standards of recording.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-04-14T23:00:00Z,,,,21.2,,,7,50.3,1,Naomi Payne,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Crawley,SU4333,From a paper map,51.094703,-1.387341,HAMP-2F3073,,HAMP-2F3073chisel.jpg,Bronze Age socketed gouge (probably),Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-2F3073chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/131236.jpg
161592,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A large plano-convex ingot of Bronze Age date. About two thirds of the ingot is present.
",In view of the size of this piece this may be considered as a deliberate burial and part of Hoard SUR-0FB890. The weight is 1783g (3lb 14 7/8oz).,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,1783,,148,35,,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Brockham,TQ1950,From a paper map,51.23678189,-0.29679688,-SUR 599873.00,,06.683a.JPG,Bronze Age ingot,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.683a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/131426.jpg
161712,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy palstave, possibly. The portion which remains is the butt which is a sub-trapezoid in plan. The terminal has rounded edges, whereas the opposite edge is broken. This break is not recent has the patina covers the break. The break reveals are large void which may have weakened the object and caused it to break in use. In profile the object is triangular, tapering towards the butt. The fragment is in fair condition, but has been abraded and only has patches of a heavy dark shiny brown patina. It measures 20.65mm long, 22.24mm wide and 6.83mm thick. It weighs 11g.

Phil Watson (Principal Curator, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery) suggest the fragment is dated to the late Bronze Age (-1150 to -800) as the butt is particularly narrow compared to earlier examples.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,11,,,6.83,20.65,1,Phil Watson,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Moreton Morrell,SP3154,,52.183383,-1.548012,WAW-6C2CD1,,WAW-6C2CD1.jpg,Bronze Age: palstave butt (plan and reverse).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-6C2CD1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/131742.jpg
162079,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1300,"Cast copper alloy blade from a palstave, or Middle Bronze Age axe, which would have had built up sides and a stop ridge where the broken end is now, to stop the wooden haft or handle from slipping down the blade. The casting seams still remain on both sides of the blade. The axe seems to have been poorly cast as it looks quite porous at the broken end of the blade, and the stop ridge end has also been hammered in antiquity.

""The axe may be unused having been broken during the late stages of manufacture, or perhaps when someone first tried to use it. When you cast a palstave there is a tendency for the septum to freeze before the much thicker centre section. Hot metal can no longer feed into that area which then suffers a lot of shrinkage; as it is the last area to freeze any dross and other debris ends up in that area too. The analysis gave a high tin bronze (15.7% tin) which is much to be expected either side of the Channel at that time. The blade is as-cast and it is rather more usual to find whole or broken imported palstaves in that state than more locally produced ones. I would guess that it came from the north coasts of the Armorican peninsula to as far east as the Cotentin in France."" (Report by Dr. Peter Northover, Dept. of Materials, Oxford) 

From its style and thickness, it probably dates from the Taunton phase, c.1400-1300 BC.

The blade is 82 mm long and 59 mm wide and 3 mm thick at the cutting edge and 22 mm wide and 19 mm thick at the butt or stop ridge end.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,2007-02-19T00:00:00Z,,,192.38,,,19,82,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Blisland,SX0973,From finder,50.52553,-4.696057,CORN-CA0B11,,palstave blade.jpg,Bronze Age palstave blade (face),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/palstave blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/139997.jpg
162283,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,"A tapering blade fragment from a spear or possibly a sword, of Bronze Age date. The fragment is from near the tip but the tip is missing.The blade has a rounded central spine with grooves bordering the outer parts of the blade. The fragment is light green and, though well preserved, is a little pitted.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,18.13,,,6.82,35.86,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,REIGATE,TQ2759,From a paper map,51.315944,-0.179068,SUR-DA0AD6,,06.720.JPG,Bronze Age sword or spear fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/06.720.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/132183.jpg
163567,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Cast copper alloy double-edged socketed curved knife. The blade is tongue-shaped in plan and curved in section. The socket is cone-shaped in plan and in profile and square in section with a moulded ridge around the base of the socket. The casting seams remain on either side of the socket. The patina is good, but there has been some previous corrosion which has been professionally removed. There is also a faint mark in ink along one of the seams which may be an accession number or site reference, possibly LINC or LNC. The blade is 73 mm long, 22.5 mm wide and 3 mm thick and the socket is 55 mm long, 20.5 mm wide and 3.4 mm thick. This knife comes from a class of socketed knives made during the Late Bronze Age and thought to be used for woodworking, especially hollowing out. There are about ten of these that have been published in the British Isles and the majority come from Scotland. There are also a couple of examples in northern France. &quot;I had to examine these Scottish finds recently and can verify that they are like straight-bladed socketed knives; a bent spearhead from Bai&otilde;es in Portugal is at first glance similar. In this case, the asymmetrical position of the blade suggests it was intended to be bent, since straight blades are symmetrical with the socket&quot; (Brendan O&#39;Connor pers comm). Evans, J. (1881) illustrates similar examples in Ancient Bronze Implements of Britain and Ireland on pages 209-10. Coles, J. (1959-60) illustrates similar examples in Scottish late Bronze Age metalwork: typology, distributions and chronology in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 93 on pages 46 &amp; 87. O&#39;Connor, B. (1980) discusses the typology for socketed knives from Hodges in the Ulster Journal of Archaeology 1956 on page 178. Double-edged socketed knives in France are covered by Gretel Gallay&#39;s PBF volume (VI/7, 1988).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,54.17,,,3.4,83,1,,Anna Tyacke,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,GRIMSBY,TA2708,,53.55327229,-0.08442277,CORN-87C1E1,,Nellistfinds 010.jpg,Bronze Age socketed curved knife,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Nellistfinds 010.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/133711.jpg
175043,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1600,-1400,"A copper alloy flanged axehead of the Arreton Down tradition dating to the sixteenth or fifteenth centuries BC. The butt is approximately rectangular in plan with slightly flanged edges. The butt flares to form the cutting edge. The axe as a whole is lentoidal in section tapering at both the butt and the cutting edge. It has a pitted surface and very little of the original surface remains. It measures 84mm in length. The blade has a width of 41mm, the body of the axe, 18mm. It possesses a maximum thickness of 18mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,12,84,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Huntingdonshire,Godmanchester,TL2567,From finder,52.286929,-0.168842,CAM-FC1BE0,,CAM_FC1BE0.jpg,Bronze Age Arreton Down axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjw/CAM_FC1BE0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/134147.jpg
175714,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-700,"A very worn and corroded cast copper-alloy fragment, possibly from a Bronze Age blade. The object has shallow facets and is sub-triangular in cross-section. It is sub-pentagonal in shape having suffered a fracture at one end.  It has suffered losses and is thus hard to identify, however the slight nature of the fragment may suggest a later dirk, small rapier, knife or dagger.",This record was made at a rally and may thus fall below our usual standards of recording,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-08-20T23:00:00Z,,,,14.9,,,4.275,48.15,1,Jodi Puls,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Crondall,SU7849,From a paper map,51.234862,-0.884158,HAMP-A36595,,HAMP-A36595blade.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment (possibly),Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-A36595blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/134159.jpg
175872,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Fragment of socketed axe-head with dark-brown patina. 

The truncated axe-head comprises a curved, expanded blade and flat, plain surfaces.  There is no indication of any ribs on either surface, and not enough remains of the shaft to show the collar or side-loop.  The socket is sub-rectangular, but would have probably been circular at the collar.  The dark patina may have been formed as a result of the burial conditions.

The axe-head appears to belong to Savory’s Late Bronze Age II (c.750-600BC) group of elongated axes with circular, faceted sockets, and bears a great resemblance to nos. 184, 185 and 188 in the National Museum of Wales’ Catalogue of Bronze Age Collections  (fig 24).

The condition of the axe-head appears to be stable, although somewhat degraded.  The patina has chipped off in several places revealing the greenish, more granular surface beneath.  The presence of fine lines on the brown patina suggests that the axe-head has been subject to some sort of abrasion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-05-27T23:00:00Z,,,,95,,,17.5,63,1,Nina Steele,Nina Steele,Wales,Gwynedd,Gwynedd,Pentir,SH5370,From a paper map,53.206683,-4.202491,GAT-B89C42,,PRN 24082-010.JPG,Socketed Axehead,Gwynedd Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nsteele/PRN 24082-010.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/134333.jpg
176083,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-750,"
Fragment of copper bun ingot.  Probably of Late Bronze Age date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,1996-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,109.6,,,24.85,46.47,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Ulcombe,TQ8446,From finder,51.183613,0.631362,KENT-CEE8E7,,PAK195-068.JPG,KENT-CEE8E7.  Late Bronze Age copper ingot fragment.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK195-068.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/149715.jpg
176370,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age rapier fragment of Burgess and Gerloff Group IV (The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Prähistorische Bronzefund IV 7). It measures 22.3x16.2x(max)3.8mm and weighs 7.20g. All breaks are ancient.

The rapier has a broad flat mid-rib and much of the patina is lost. The surface is worn and pitted.

Rapiers date to the Middle Bronze Age but fragments are often found in Late Bronze Age hoards, suggesting continued use.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,7.2,,,3.8,22.3,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Witham Friary,ST7441,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.167647,-2.373242,WILT-117235,,Crisp0407rapier.jpg,Middle Bronze Age rapier,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Crisp0407rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/134714.jpg
176508,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Fragment of a Bronze Age Palstave axe head. 

This is a fragment from the Anglo-Welsh Series and is from Group I- III (Renfrew; 1974; 198-200).  The surface is very worn and some surface corrosion is visible. The patina is uneven, mostly green but with some yellow/white and grey patches. One side is much more worn than the other. All the edges are broken and worn, the breaks are old. 

Only the middle part, where the flange and the blade meet is present. The septum is present on both sides and is a fairly deep recess where it meets the blade. The top of the blade has a central raised line which could be either shield pattern, early mid-ribbed or low flanged type but due to wear and the the break it is not possible to narrow it down further. This line is only present on one side, this is due to wear. 

This type of axe dates from the Mid-Late Bronze Age.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,84.9,,,17,67,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Acton,SJ6352,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.063953,-2.553584,LVPL-2492F4,,palstave axe frag.jpg,Palstave; fragment of axe head,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/palstave axe frag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/134778.jpg
177059,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"An incomplete cast copper alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date c. 2150 BC – c. 1500 BC). Length 45.1mm, width 37.1mm and 7.8mm thick. Weight 42.17g.

The butt and one of the blade tips are missing and the breaks are old. The blade of the axe was probably symmetrical in plan. The blade expands from the break at the top (the butt end) and originally the wing tips flared outwards abruptly and evenly. However on this example, one of the blade tips appears to have broken and then been re-modelled or re-sharpened in antiquity to form a gently curving edge rather than a flaring tip. 

Severe corrosion and resulting pitting has obscured any blade faceting or hammer rippling that may have existed.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-18T00:00:00Z,,,,42.17,,,7,45.1,1,Katie Hinds,Frank Basford,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Pewsey,SU1561,From a paper map,51.347885,-1.78601,IOW-CEFC92,,IOW2007-10-33.JPG,Early Bronze Age Flat Axehead,Isle of Wight Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fbasford/IOW2007-10-33.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/135288.jpg
177805,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed and side-looped spearhead, dating to the Late Bronze Age, between 1150 - 800 BC (length: 62.5mm; width at blade: 13.5mm; thickness at half way down blade: 8mm; outer diameter at socket: 12.5mm; weight: 22.2g).



The tip of the spearhead is all that remains of this artefact. The blade is leaf shaped (length of blade: 33mm; width and thickness: see above) with a lozenge-shaped section as well as badly corroded blade wings that protrude outwards to either side of the midrib (width of blade wings: 3.5mm). The tip of the blade is badly corroded and slightly incomplete. At approximately 50mm from the blade tip, the stumped and incomplete remains of the side loops remains to the left and right of the artefact. It is at this point that the section of the spearhead transforms from a lozenge shape to a circular socket (outer diameter of socket: see above; inner diameter of socket: 9mm). The artefact breaks immediately after the side loops begin to appear. Overall, the spearhead is in a very poor and heavily corroded condition with small areas of the dark green patina still visible.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-26T23:00:00Z,2007-03-26T23:00:00Z,,,22.2,,12.5,8,62.5,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Bridgnorth,SO7092,From a paper map,52.525042,-2.443606,WMID-8B4A25,,WMID-8B4A25.JPG,"Bronze Age side looped socketed spear (front, side and back views)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-8B4A25.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/136339.jpg
177842,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A complete cast copper alloy un-looped palstave axehead, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, between 1500 – 1150 BC (length: 167mm; width at blade: 61.5mm; width at stop: 24mm; thickness at stop: 33.5mm; thickness at blade tip: 5.5mm; weight: exceeds the weight limit of scales: more than 150g).

The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan from the butt to the stop (length: 70mm) and sub-triangular in profile with the thickest part of the artefact immediately behind the stop ridge.  The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is 70mmlong, 18mm wide and approximately 9mm deep.  in plan from the stop to the blade edge (length: 97mm). The flange facets, which are both complete and give the artefact a lozenge-shaped appearance to the side, are fused to the stop ridge forming two raised elements to haft the axe by.  The butt of the axehead is slightly rounded in plan. On both sides of the axe are partially visible linear scars / ribs which extend from the butt to the cutting edge. These have been trimmed and possibly hammered. It is likely that these scars are the remnants of the two part mold used to cast the artefact.  There are a couple of bubbles at the butt of the axe, which also indicate the casting process.  Immediately below the stop ridge is a slight shield-shaped depression, which seems to be relatively common occurance on un-looped palstaves of this period. The blade, which is sub-triangular in plan and mostly sub-rectangular in section, curves and expands outwards towards the complete and slightly bevelled cutting edge.  On one side of the blade, there are numerous scratch or dash marks that occur directly above the bevelled edge.  Overall, the artefact is in a worn but fair condition with a dark green patina.

Similar examples are illustrated in Moore, C, N & Rowlands, M, 1972, ‘Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum’, pages 52-3 & plate VII, ref nos 15-22.","This palstave was displayed with the following information:
'Found at Cluelow Cross area [Wincle, Cheshire]- given by F. Elmey to S. Frodsham 1907.  Given by S. Frodsham to J.B.Head Xmas 1958.'  The artefact is now owned by Mr Fletcher as noted on this record.",4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1907-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,33.5,167,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Wincle,SJ9467,From a paper map,53.200042,-2.091275,WMID-8D0720,,WMID-8D0720.JPG,"Bronze Age palstave (front, side and back views)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-8D0720.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/136337.jpg
179199,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1150,"Blade fragment of a copper alloy axe head, probably Bronze Age in date.

The blade is very rounded and wide. It still retains a sharp cutting edge. The patina is a fairly even light brown and there does not appear to be any invasive corrosion. It has broken unevenly before the main body of the axe. Its size and shape suggest it is from the early or mid-Bronze Age. ",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,76.1,,,11,31,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,,Stockport,Stockport,,SJ8982,From a paper map,53.334791,-2.166647,LVPL-8A6476,,axe head.jpg,Fragment of a Bronze axe head. ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/axe head.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/137321.jpg
179475,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-700,"Copper alloy jet with a shaped runner below.  The jet is derived from casting in bronze.  The jet is oval in plan, slightly concave on its upper surface and convex on its underside representing the depression in the clay or other mould material which was filled with molten metal.  Projecting from the convex underside is an irregularly shaped runner.  The runner is roughly oval in plan with a clean, slightly curved terminal.  The surface of the terminal is much smoother than the rest of the object, suggesting that it was cut at this point to detach the runner from the freshly cast object.  There is possibly the remains of another runner, represented now but just a slight oval bump on the underside next to the existing runner.  The jet has an uneven, irregular surface with an even mid-green-brown patina.  ",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.79,,,13,24,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Fulstow,TF3496,GPS (from the finder),53.44374,0.01605,LIN-0735F7,,2018_0227_131919AA.jpg,Bronze Age casting sprue,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/2018_0227_131919AA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1004072.jpg
179482,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1200,1499,A small irregularly shaped piece of casting waste.  The fragment has a very pitted surface.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,8,9,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Fulstow,TF3496,From a paper map,53.44374,0.01605,LIN-078CC8,,LIN5600.JPG,Copper alloy casting waste,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN5600.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/137589.jpg
180080,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1300,-800,"Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy looped palstave. The palstave is incomplete and damaged. The plastave is sub-rectangular in plan, with inwardly curving edges which extend outwards to the blade end, and the edges narrow towards the butt end. The blade has a curved cutting edge, which shows signs of damage. The blade appears to be plain, with no ridges present, however the surface is beginning to corrode which may have obscured some details. The prominent flanged edges are damaged towards the butt end. The flange continues along the blade edges beyond the stop. The flanges curve inwards towards the septum. There is an incomplete loop protruding from one side of the palstave, located above the stop towards the butt end. Approximately one third of the loop is missing. The loop is semi-circular with a central oval perforation. The surface of the plastave is corroded, with patches of a dark olive green patina showing through the corroded layer. The butt end and the septum are highly damaged, and the upper surface of the metal has been removed.  The profile and cross section of this plastave is unknown. The palstave is 130mm long, 35mm thick. It is 40mm wide across the cutting edge of the blade, and 32mm across the position of the loop.",Not seen by FLO. Identified from image. ,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-20T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,35,130,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Great Canfield,TL5817,From finder,51.829274,0.291472,ESS-852095,,ESS-852095.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-852095.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/138112.jpg
180082,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Bronze Age socketed axe head. The axe is sub-rectangular in plan, the edges curving out at both the butt and blade end. The axe is triangular in profile. There is a moulded lip around the socket opening. The shape of the opening is unclear from the images, however it is probably rectangular with rounded corners. The axe is damaged at the socketed opening, with just under half of the moulding missing. This break extends down one edge and face of the axe. It is unclear how old these breaks are. A semi-circular loop, with central sub-circular opening is located just below the moulding on the unbroken edge of the axe. The blade end is curved, and the cutting edge shows signs of damage making the cutting edge appear almost straight for two thirds of its length. Both faces are plain and undecorated, there is no trace of moulding on either surface. The surface of the axe is pitted and corroded. It is a dull green colour, with a small amount of copper-brown patina showing though. The axe is 88mm long, 35mm wide and 57mm thick. The weight is unknown.",Not seen by FLO. Identified from photograph. ,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-20T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,57,88,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,High Roothing,TL5917,From finder,51.828991,0.305971,ESS-852BE5,,ESS-852BE5.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axe,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-852BE5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/138113.jpg
180091,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-800,"Late Bronze Age blade fragment. Carps Tongue type, dating from circa 950-800BC. The blade is a destinctive shape. It is sub-triangular in plan, with curved shoulders towards the hilt end. The blade narrows towards a pointed tipped end. There appears to be moulding on the blade in the shape of a 'V'. There is an incomplete projection on one face of the blade, possibly a loop however this is unclear from the photograph. The blade is mid-green in colour, with patches of a copper-brown patina showing through on the blade. The cross section and profile of the blade are unknown. 

It is 38mm long, 40mm across at the widest point and has a maximum thickness of 10mm. it weighs 41.56 grams.",Not seen by FLO. Identified from photograph. ,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-20T00:00:00Z,,,,41.56,,,10,38,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Little Hadham,TL4422,From finder,51.87798,0.090539,ESS-85D695,,ESS-85D695.jpg,Bronze Age carps tongue type blade,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-85D695.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/138114.jpg
180096,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a Bronze Age bun-shaped ingot. The fragment is sub-triangular in plan. The surface is pitted from the casting process. It is dull brown in colour, with patches of green copper corrosion. The fragment weighs 178.98 grams. It is about 58mm in length, 46mm wide and 23mm thick.",Not seen by FLO. Identified from a photograph. ,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-20T00:00:00Z,,,,178.98,,,23,58,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Great Canfield,TL5818,From finder,51.838258,0.291928,ESS-85F503,,ESS-85F503.jpg,Bronze Age bun ingot fragment,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-85F503.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/138115.jpg
181102,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2100,-2000,"Diminuitive form of an Early Bronze Age Class 4A flat axe and part of the Brithdir tradition dating to 2100-2000 BC.
The body of the axe flares out into a crescent-shaped blade and the butt also curves slightly. The axe is corroded all over but is complete",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Sally Worrell,Frances McIntosh,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Weaverham,SJ6173,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.252568,-2.585994,LVPL-554F37,,small bronze axe.jpg,Small Bronze Age flat axe from the Brithdir tradition. ,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/small bronze axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/139092.jpg
181160,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Cast bronze (copper alloy) flat axe of Early Bronze Age date, the sub-type of axe is difficult to identify mostly due to the small size of this example. The axe is sub-triangular in plan with a narrow rounded butt that is 9mm wide, the sides expand in evenly to the cutting edge which is 49mm wide, the blade is slightly convex in shape with a prepared cutting edge which has been eroded / abraded in the soil. The blade bevel is slight. When viewed in profile the axe is lentoid (elongated oval).There is no evidence of development such as a median bevel or raised side flanges. The original patina of the axe is mostly lost through corrosion and lamination. The metal revealed is a light green colour with a dusty patina. In places small elements of possible decoration can be seen; this includes small punched depressions on the upper and lower faces - along the edge, and cabling along the long sides. These areas indistinct due to the abrasion. The axe fits with some of the earliest metal artefacts found in Britain, possibly associated with the Migdale Metalworking tradition. This would date it as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge). These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.


The Axe measures length 74mm, width 49mm, thickness 8mm weight 118.4 grams.


The finder has kindly donated this important find to Hereford Museum and Art Gallery",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2007-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,8,74,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Ewyas Harold,SO3728,From finder,51.946912,-2.917998,GLO-57A7E7,,1691 Early Bronze Age flat axe.jpg,1691 Early Bronze Age flat axe.jpg,Bristol City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/1691 Early Bronze Age flat axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/137723.jpg
182159,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,100,"Cast copper-alloy unidentified object of a known type usually referred to as 'moustache-like' or 'moustache shaped'.  These items are said to date from the mid-late Bronze Age up to the Iron Age.  The object is a hollow three-dimensional pointed oval and is decorated with a series of shallow longitudinal grooves which run down the exterior of the bulbous or bowl-shaped part of the item which come to a halt about half way along the full length of the item leaving the pointed terminus plain and undecorated.  The patina is primarily deep brown but patches of invasive corrosion have caused a loss of this outer surface.  The interior of the object has a light green corrosive covering.

Due to the surface corrosion it is not possible to be certain that this item is incomplete but based on other known examples (e.g. SF9183) it would appear that this item actually represents under half of the original.  The whole should comprise of two of these pointed ovals bridged in the middle with a hole through the centre of this bridge.  This form gives the items the appearance of being shaped like a stylised moustache or pair of wings.  The purpose of these items is unknown but chape is the usual suggestion.

This item measures 29.62mm in length, has a maximum width (side to side of the 'bowl' opening) of 12.82mm and a width (from front to back of the 'bowl' shaped section)of 11.89mm.  The item weighs 8.16g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,8.16,,,,29.62,1,Charlotte Burrill,Charlotte Burrill,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Stanton St. John,SP5609,From a paper map,51.776875,-1.189724,BERK-403617,,Iron Age Moustache Mount or Fitting.jpg,Iron Age Unidentified Mount or Fitting,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/Iron Age Moustache Mount or Fitting.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/140429.jpg
182414,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,1500,1150,"Middle Bronze Age side-looped and socketed spear dating to c.1500-1150 BC. 

The spear is almost complete and has been cast in one. The blade is leaf shaped with a raised central mid-rib which runs down to the socket. The tip of the blade is missing and has been bent slightly. The socket is hollow and circular in cross-section with a diameter of 18mm. The two side loops are lozengiform in plan and almost flat in cross-section. The end of the socket has been broken slightly and is uneven. Below one of the side loops is a small perforation which runs all the way down to the end of the socket. 

The patina is uneven on the spear. The blade has patches of black and there are parts all over the spear where the original surface has gone.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,,69.8,,,,125,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Marbury cum Quoisley,SJ5745,From finder,53.000583,-2.642178,LVPL-69F851,,P.Jones spear.jpg,Bronze Age socketed and side-looped spear.,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/P.Jones spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/141191.jpg
182525,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1100,"Bronze Age spearhead; small cast copper alloy spearhead with hafting loop on either side of the neck. Spearhead is bent and the tip has been snapped off (then reattached by the finder using glue)

Length 132.86mm, width (at loops) 16.9mm, width (blade) 19.0mm, diameter (base) 11.6mm, weight 54.8g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-12-13T00:00:00Z,,,,54.8,,11.6,,132.86,1,Anja Rohde,Anja Rohde,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Mansfield,MANSFIELD,SK5465,From finder,53.179371,-1.193475,DENO-7BB068,,E5430 spearhead.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arohde/E5430 spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/140730.jpg
182543,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age copper alloy axe cutting edge fragment, probably from a socketed axe or palstave and of Middle or Late Bronze Age date, c. 1,500 - 750BC The axehead is represented by the blade end only, with a surviving length of 21.95mm and a weight of 28.0g. The axe is moderately expanded towards the blade tips, with a width at the break of 39.37mm and a thickness of 10.10mm. There is no evidence for the base of a socket along the broken edge. The blade edge has a width of 47.44mm and has a comparatively deep curve. The short surviving areas of the sides are concave and exhibit finished casting seams. The surface is well preserved on one face of the axe with a dark brown patina and sharpening striations are evident running along the blade edge and with a width of c. 10mm. There is the suggestion of hammering facets near the break. The comparatively slender blade edge, out-turning to the tips may suggest a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,28,,,10.1,21.95,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,,,,,,NMGW-7C7D31,,20061321.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/20061321.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629394.jpg
182598,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1201,"Bronze Age axe; Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy palstave. This is a shield-pattern palstave dating to around the 15th or 14th centuries BC. The palstave has a raised stop ridge between the flanges and there is a shield-shape in relief extending down from the stop ridge towards the blade. The flanges are quite high, giving a roughly diamond shape to the side of the body of the palstave. 

Length 136.5mm, width (blade) 51.4mm, width (at the stop ridge) 29.1mm, thickness (blade) 11.1mm, thickness (side flanges) 29.8mm, weight 408.7g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-12T00:00:00Z,,,,408.7,,,29.8,136.5,1,Anja Rohde,Anja Rohde,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Bolsover,Glapwell,SK4866,From finder,53.188933,-1.283093,DENO-7F3185,,E5598 palstave.jpg,Shield pattern palstave axe,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arohde/E5598 palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/140791.jpg
182831,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axe head, missing its side loop, mouth and moulding. The mouth would have been sub-rectangular in plan. The surface is worn and pitted, especially along the casting seams, but there is a layer on one face that remains so that three ribs are still visible, between the side edges of the axe head. The ribs extend down about three quarters of the length of the body of the axe head, and the central rib is more pronounced and appears to be the longest. Half of the other face is missing, and has exposed the organic material still held within the axe. The sides of the body of the axe are parallel until they reach the blade which is slightly flanged. The cutting edge and blade tips are still intact, if somewhat abraded. The axe is 83 mm long, 30 mm wide at the break below the mouth and 37 mm wide at the blade, 20 mm in depth and 3 mm in thickness. Stogursey or South Wales type socketed axe head Ewart Park Phase, c.1000-800 BC Rohl & Needham (1998) illustrate a similar example on page 136, Fig.38, No.344, which is referred to as a Stogursey axe and is dated to the Ewart Park phase of metalwork, c.1000-800 BC. Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar example from St. Erth, that is in Penzance Museum, on page 565, Plate 4, No.43a, which is classified as a Stogursey-type socketed axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2007-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,94.27,,,3,83,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Tywardreath and Par,SX0856,From a paper map,50.372491,-4.701432,CORN-B2A682,,Junfinds 016.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe head (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Junfinds 016.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/141391.jpg
183469,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,400,"Late Bronze Age to Roman copper alloy 'model' (Robinson, Wiltshire Archaeology Magazine 1995) or possibly miniature socketed axehead, with traces of iron in the shallow socket (9.2x5.6x3mm). 

It measures 38.5mm in length and has a cutting edge max. 24.8mm wide. At the socket end (narrowest part) it is 16.8mm wide. It weighs 31.28g.

The axehead is thinnest at the blade end (1.1mm thick) expanding over the length to 12.7mm at the socket end.

The mouth has a slight moulding which is emphasised by a groove beneath it. The loop is cast to the side (and not part of the body of the axe as so many miniature example are) and is C-shaped (8.7x7mm) with a piercing 2.6mm in diameter.

The surface of the miniature axe has lost some of its original patina, although it is mostly smooth and shiny and dark in colour. There is no sign of wear on the loop(suggesting it was not worn as an amulet).

The dating of miniature axeheads is from the Late Bronze Age to the Roman period, although they are more common from the Roman period. Their function is probably as an amulet or votive. This axehead is unlike those recorded from Wiltshire so far, which are mostly crude interpretations, whereas this is much more faithful to a true Bronze Age axe. That said however, it is very flat in section and its splayed blade is rather more reminiscent of palstave axeheads than socketed ones. The socket and loop are rather more Late Bronze Age, Ewart Park types.

Robinson comments in WAM 1995 that better-made examples could be used as tools of some sort. He comments on this particular object: ""To my mind this is a classic ""model"" but not miniature axehead. They are always much better made than the miniature axeheads. The example we have in Wiltshire Heritage Museum is 51 mm long which is close enough to yours at 38.5. I had thought that they were Late Bronze Age but could never find strong dating evidence for them"".

This example has an unusable socket as it is too shallow.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,31.28,,,,38.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Mildenhall,SU1971,From a paper map,51.437682,-1.728045,WILT-12C795,,Gillett0607miniaxeB.jpg,Roman miniature axehead - view two of two,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Gillett0607miniaxeB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/141160.jpg
183515,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1150,"
Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead with shield pattern stop ridge and flanges along both edges of septum and blade. heavily corroded surface, green patination.
","
Photograph and drawing with primary identifier.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1994-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Neil Aldridge,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Headcorn,TQ8343,From finder,51.156986,0.615544,KENT-15E9E1,,,,,,,
183678,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1300,"A Bronze Age copper alloy short-flanged axe of the Taunton metalwork assemblage period, dating from circa 1400-1300BC. Although the axe is flanged there are no stop-ribs evident and therefore the axe is probably transitional in style and date between the winged axes and palstaves. Rowlands MJ; The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age (1976) BAR 31; cat no 190; plate 25; shows a good example of a short flanged axehead (all cast with no stops) from Little Shelford - Cambs. Similarly, Schmidt and Burgess; The axes of Scotland and Northern England (1981); Nos. 525 and 533. The axe has a mottled green to brown patination and is 151mm long by 70.6mm wide.","This find was recovered at a Weekend Wanderers one day metal detecting rally held at Crookham, near Thatcham on 11/02/07. Identification made from photographic image only and therefore this record may fall below our usual standard.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-11T00:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - Crookham 11/02/2007,,,,,151,1,Peter Reavill,Garry Crace,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Thatcham,SU5165,,51.381766,-1.268564,BERK-515AF1,,Dscn8397.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave Axe,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/Dscn8397.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/141054.jpg
183710,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age (c.1150-800 BC) socketed axehead.  The fragment was recovered during a rally and despite intensive searching of the site no other finds or fragments from the Late Bronze Age era were recorded at this event.,"This find was recovered at a Weekend Wanderers one day metal detecting rally held at Crookham, near Thatcham on 11/02/07.  Identification made from photo only therefore this record may fall below our usual standard.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,20.2,1,Charlotte Burrill,Charlotte Burrill,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Thatcham,SU5265,From a paper map,51.381675,-1.254196,BERK-5BB2B2,,Bronze Age Socketed Axe Fragment.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead Fragment,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/Bronze Age Socketed Axe Fragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/141897.jpg
183744,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy axe tip, 46mm long, 27mm wide and 13mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 51.76 grams. The object, especially the tip, is quite worn which suggests it may have been broken in use? It consists of a rounded cutting edge and tapering sides, 27mm long. The break is uneven and it shows that the axes internal thickness is also uneven. Around the sub rectangular recess the axe has a thickness of 7mm on one edge whilst the rest of the axe is about 4mm thick.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-06-04T23:00:00Z,,,,51.76,,,13,46,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,Yorkshire and the Humber,Rotherham,Rotherham,Treeton,SK4387,From a paper map,53.37811078,-1.35508246,LEIC-64FB16,,DSCN1723.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy axe tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/DSCN1723.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/141677.jpg
184166,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A copper-alloy double-edged and tanged knife dating to the late Bronze Age, c. 1100 BC-800BC.


The knife is largely complete, with a flat rectangular tang with a circular perforation to take a rivet to attach the knife to a handle. The tang expands to the object's maximum width at the shoulders/base of the blade, when then taper to a point. The blade itself is a flat hexagon in section. The blade is undecorated with the exception of scratches, and the edges are still relatively sharp.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-06-12T23:00:00Z,,,,34.4,,,3.38,83.51,1,Beth Echtenacher,Beth Echtenacher,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Richmondshire,Middleham,SE1287,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),54.278504,-1.817207,NCL-9299B0,,ARichardson blade.jpg,NCL-9299B0 Bronze Age knife blade,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/beth/ARichardson blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/145956.jpg
184477,Weapon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A fragment from close to the tip of a Bronze Age blade, measuring 22.4mm wide (max)9.5mm wide (min),4.1mm thick, and 49.5mm long.  It weighs 16.0g.  The blade has a slightly convex section, with a shallow ridge along its centreline.  The blade's tip is broken away transversely.  It is difficult to be certain as to the type of weapon from which the fragment originated, but a dagger is likely.  The fragment is in poor condition, with an uneven brown patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-02T00:00:00Z,,,,16,,,4.1,49.5,1,Steven Ashby,Steven Ashby,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Dean and Shelton,TL0568,From a paper map,52.300097,-0.461618,NARC-C38B47,,NARC-C38B47-Bronze Age blade.JPG,Bronze Age weapon: Fragment from the blade of a copper alloy probable dagger ,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sashby/NARC-C38B47-Bronze Age blade.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144521.jpg
184488,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe head of South Wales/Stogursey type. It consists of the moulding at the mouth of the socket and the upper edges of the ribs on the body. The side loop and rest of the mouth and body are missing. The thick moulded collar with a moulded raised parellel ridge below it and multiple ribs, coming off at right angles from the ridge, suggest that this is a Llyn Fawr or Sompting-type axe. The moulding is sub-square in plan, curving at one edge, at the begining of one corner. There are 4 ends of the ribs present, suggesting that the whole face of the axe would have had about 6 to 7 ribs altogether. Late Bronze Age Rohl & Needham (1998) illustrate a similar Llyn Fawr Sompting-type axe with fewer ribs on page 138, Fig.40, No.405, which is dated to c.800-650 BC. Other examples of socketed axes with multiple ribs can be found in the hoard from Figheldean in Wiltshire, in the British Museum's collections (see Burgess and Coombs, Bronze Age Hoards: some finds old and new, British Archaeological Reports 67).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-04-04T23:00:00Z,2007-04-22T23:00:00Z,,,9.99,,,7.3,23,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Hayle,SW5638,From a paper map,50.191633,-5.41985,CORN-C5C0B5,,Julyfinds 030.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment (profile),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Julyfinds 030.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/142475.jpg
184760,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"A copper alloy flat axe dating from the early Bronze Age period. The axe is complete at 89.3mm long, 51.8mm wide and 12.7mm thick. It has a rounded cutting edge and straight sides that taper to the butt which is also rounded. There are two chips in the butt. The centre of the sides are slightly thickened. This is believed to be a precaution to try and prevent the wooden handle splitting when hafted. The main faces of the axe are slightly roughened, with some raised areas. This is probably a result of slight corrosion, though the axe is in generally good condition. The axe has a mid-green patina which is deeper in colour on the cutting edge and the butt. This style of axe, a flat axe, was the first sort of metal axe to be produced, and it’s similarities with stone axes are obvious. Similar examples can be seen in “Guide to the Collection Illustrating the Prehistory of Wales” by W F Grimes (1939).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,,240,,,12.7,98.3,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Nun Monkton,SE4959,From finder,54.024679,-1.253538,SWYOR-0F2205,,PAS 337 axe.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 337 axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/142729.jpg
185134,Slag,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-700,Six pieces of copper or copper alloy slag or metalworking waste.    ,"These were found in the same field, but there is no indication that they were found in close proximity or indeed are of the same date.  But query potential BA dispersed hoard?",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-06-01T23:00:00Z,2007-06-10T23:00:00Z,,,63.6,,,,,6,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Shepway,Old Romney,TR0425,From finder,50.988242,0.905306,KENT-3DE053,,PAK199-070.JPG,KENT-3DE053.  Copper alloy casting waste.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK199-070.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/168407.jpg
185287,Slag,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-750,Fragment of copper alloy slag or metal working waste.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-21T00:00:00Z,,,,36.6,,,8.92,33.8,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,London,Greater London Authority,Bromley,Bromley Common and Keston,TQ4166,From a paper map,51.375553,0.024461,KENT-532C42,,PAK204-166.JPG,KENT-532C42.  Copper alloy casting waste?,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK204-166.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/170194.jpg
185288,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-750,"Fragment of cast copper alloy double edged blade, probably part of a Bronze age rapier blade.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-21T00:00:00Z,,,,9.5,,,5.16,23.44,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,London,Greater London Authority,Bromley,Bromley Common and Keston,TQ4166,From a paper map,51.375553,0.024461,KENT-5336B1,,PAK204-168.JPG,KENT-5336B1.  Bronze Age copper alloy blade fragment.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK204-168.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/170196.jpg
185535,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 57.91 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,57.91,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9031,GPS (from the finder),51.945044,0.763023,ESS-A640D7,,ESS-A640D7 casting waste.jpg,Undated: Casting waste,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-A640D7 casting waste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/143706.jpg
185539,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 9.55 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,9.55,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9132,GPS (from the finder),51.953682,0.778109,ESS-A64BE7,,ESS-A64BE7 casting waste.jpg,ESS-A64BE7 Undated casting waste,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-A64BE7 casting waste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144882.jpg
185575,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,The worn and pitted copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age knife or sword blade. The fragment is elliptical in section.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-21T23:00:00Z,,,,4.96,,,4.64,17.95,1,Ros Tyrrell,Ros Tyrrell,South East,Oxfordshire,,,,,,,BUC-B67FC2,,DSCN9887.JPG,Copper alloy blade shard,Buckinghamshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rtyrrell/DSCN9887.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/143343.jpg
185613,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"A small fragment from the blade of a copper alloy axe, probably of socketed form. The fragment has a rounded blade and, in cross section, two sides which meet at a point. Grinding striations are also visible.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,1.33,,,,24.16,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Horsley,TQ0852,From a paper map,51.256945,-0.453696,SUR-B8BAF2,,,,,,,
185825,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Three small and irregular fragments of copper alloy casting waste. The fragments weigh 6.17 grams, 2.73 grams and 1.86 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,3,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9132,GPS (from the finder),51.953682,0.778109,ESS-E161F8,,ESS-E161F8 casting waste.jpg,Undated: Casting Waste,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-E161F8 casting waste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/143567.jpg
185826,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 5.76 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,5.76,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9132,From finder,51.953682,0.778109,ESS-E174C2,,ESS-E174C2 casting waste.jpg,Undated: Casting Waste,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-E174C2 casting waste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/143568.jpg
185827,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 7.44 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,7.44,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9032,GPS (from the finder),51.954024,0.763575,ESS-E17AE4,,ESS-E17AE4 casting waste.jpg,Undated: Casting Waste,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-E17AE4 casting waste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/143569.jpg
185838,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy blade fragment, 36mm long, 17mm wide and 3mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 7.21 grams. The object is rectangular in form with a convex section. it is 3mm thick in its centre, tapering to about 1mm at the blade edge, these are very badly damaged and uneven.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-09T23:00:00Z,,,,7.21,,,3,36,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Frisby on the Wreake,SK7116,GPS (from the finder),52.736981,-0.949875,LEIC-E20310,,E20310.JPG,prehistoric copper alloy blade,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/E20310.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/143589.jpg
185848,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy knife dating to the Mid to Late Bronze Age. The fragment comprises a small portion of the blade and tang. The blade is rectangular in shape and lentoidal in section. It possesses a central vertical ridge along its length. A corroded rectangular tang extends from one end. The fragment measures 41mm in length and a maximum of 23mm in width. A similar, but larger example, is illustrated by A. Macgregor (1987; pp. 110; no. 11.72), who states that knives cut from larger pieces are relatively common in this period.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,41,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Papworth Everard,,,,,CAM-E2C2C3,,,,,,,
185857,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axe. Much of the mouth is missing and the cutting edge is somewhat chipped. The axe seems to have had a square opening with a small ridged rim around the mouth. It had three raised midribs running down both faces and there are small casting lines along both the sides. One side has a small, broken knob indicating the original presence of a loop at that point. The axe is quite worn and much of the original surface is missing. The remaining areas have a smooth, dark, brownish patina. The other areas of the surface of the metal are rougher and have a green-brown colouring.

Length 74.2mm, width (across cutting edge) 36.4mm, width (at break – just where the attachment loop would have been) 26.9mm, depth (at break) 23.1mm, weight 89.4g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-06-10T23:00:00Z,,,,89.4,,,23.1,74.2,1,Anja Rohde,Anja Rohde,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Walesby,,,,,DENO-E365A3,,E5667 axe.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead ,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arohde/E5667 axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/143565.jpg
185896,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age? copper alloy casting sprue, 20mm long,, 17mm wide and 14mm thick. The object is in a fair condition with a green patina and weighs 10.54grams. The object consists of an oval uppper surface with tapering sides which terminate in two circular sectioned protrusions. These are formed by excess metal from a mould, possibly for an axe?",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-04-28T23:00:00Z,,,,10.54,,,14,20,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Gaddesby,SK6612,GPS (from the finder),52.70166,-1.024718,LEIC-E542B4,,E542B4.JPG,prehistoric? copper alloy casting sprue,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/E542B4.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/143607.jpg
186019,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1300,"Incomplete cast copper alloy Bronze Age palstave axehead.  Unlooped shield pattern type of very slender construction.  There has been considerable post-depositional loss of the blade tips and cutting edge along with total loss of the butt and upper septum portions of the axehead.  The item has a notable casting seam.  The patination of the item is a rich mid-green although there has been some considerable weathering leaving the outer surface pitted and eroded in patches.

The item dates to the Middle Bronze age and overlaps into two of the traditional dating phases of Acton and Taunton thereby placing this c. 1500-1300 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,135.5,,,18,99.76,1,Charlotte Burrill,Charlotte Burrill,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Chinnor,SP7402,From a paper map,51.711862,-0.930357,BERK-2239D7,,Bronze Age Palstave Axehead.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave Axehead,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/Bronze Age Palstave Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/143614.jpg
186020,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy Bronze Age spearhead tip Prominent circular sectioned mid rib with bevelled step on wings. The break is ancient and the weathering considerable. Probably middle Bronze Age in date, c1500-1100 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,11.3,,,8.4,30.57,1,Charlotte Burrill,Charlotte Burrill,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Chinnor,SP7402,From a paper map,51.711862,-0.930357,BERK-224102,,Bronze Age Spear.jpg,Bronze Age Spear,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/Bronze Age Spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/143615.jpg
186130,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"Late Bronze age socketed axe cast in copper alloy. Only the blade end of the axe survives. Rectangular in cross section across the socket, and triangular in plan. The socket ends 15.98mm before the blade edge. The breaks are old and worn. The blade end and edges are damaged, with the original surface of the metal removed. The axe has a mid green patina. The surviving section is 27.21mm long. It is 17.73mm wide and 8.71mm thick at the broken end, the width increasing to 24.75mm at the blade end, with a thickness of 3.34mm. It weighs 13.57 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-27T23:00:00Z,,,,13.57,,,8.71,27.21,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9031,GPS (from the finder),51.945044,0.763023,ESS-378245,,ESS-378245 socketed axe.jpg,ESS-378245 Bronze Age socketed axehead,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-378245 socketed axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144515.jpg
186133,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 6.08 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,6.07,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9032,GPS (from the finder),51.954024,0.763575,ESS-37B0D4,,ESS-37B0D4 casting waste.jpg,ESS-37B0D4 casting waste.jpg,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-37B0D4 casting waste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144880.jpg
186134,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 10.56 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,10.56,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9031,GPS (from the finder),51.945044,0.763023,ESS-37BBF7,,ESS-37BBF7 casting waste.jpg,ESS-37BBF7 undated casting waste,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-37BBF7 casting waste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144516.jpg
186135,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 12.82 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,12.82,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9031,GPS (from the finder),51.945044,0.763023,ESS-37C402,,ESS-37c402 casting waste real one!.jpg,1 ESS-37C402 Undated casting waste,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-37c402 casting waste real one!.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144503.jpg
186137,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 48.32 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-04-09T23:00:00Z,,,,48.32,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9031,GPS (from the finder),51.945044,0.763023,ESS-37CA01,,ESS casting waste.jpg,ESS-37CA01 undated casting waste,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS casting waste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144843.jpg
186138,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 9.57 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,9.57,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9032,GPS (from the finder),51.954024,0.763575,ESS-37CF55,,ESS-37CF55 casting waste.jpg,ESS-37CF55: Undated casting waste,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-37CF55 casting waste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144500.jpg
186140,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 1.90 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,1.9,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9031,GPS (from the finder),51.945044,0.763023,ESS-37DCF6,,ESS-37DCF6 vessel frag.jpg,ESS-37DCF6 Undated casting waste,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-37DCF6 vessel frag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144501.jpg
186143,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Copper alloy casting waste. The fragment is irregular with a pitted surface and weighs 8.86 grams. Casting waste is difficult to date, and may date from the Bronze Age to Post Medieval periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,8.86,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9143,GPS (from the finder),,,ESS-37F264,,ESS-37F264 casting waste.jpg,ESS-37F264: Undated casting waste,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-37F264 casting waste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144502.jpg
187120,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,,,"Undatable copper alloy probable casting sprue. It is oval in shape, measuring 37.4x26.6mm and is max.17.7mm thick (at the centre). It weighs 50.14g.

The underside is rough and uneven while the opposite surface is rounded and smooth. At the centre, longitudinally, is a 22.5mm long scar, which would presuambly have fed into the mould.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-01T23:00:00Z,,,,50.14,,,17.7,37.4,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Kington St. Michael,ST9077,From a paper map,51.491855,-2.145428,WILT-F83A78,,Storer0607sprue.jpg,Undatable casting sprue,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Storer0607sprue.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144057.jpg
187395,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe of South Eastern Type and of Ewart Park metalworking phase, corresponding to Needham's (1996) period 7, c. 950-750BC.



The axe is near-complete, missing only the loop and has a length of 86.9mm and has a weight of 146.2g. The mouth is comparatively square with an external width (between sides) of 37.0mm (27.9mm internal) and breadth (between faces) of 34.1mm (25.8mm internal). The socket has a depth of 72.4mm with no evidence of internal ribs. The mouth is uneven and appears to have had a prominent rounded mouth moulding. The axe has a weaker moulding beneath the mouth. The loop springs from the top of the lower moulding, and had a length of 22.2mm. The sides of the axe are straight and parallel, until they approach the blade, where they diverge to produce a moderately expanded blade edge. The blade edge is moderately curved with a slightly eroded width of 36.0mm. The unlooped side has a slight angle across its thickness and the casting seam is just about evident. There is no discernible decoration on the faces. The axe currently has much of the surface surviving with a mid brown patina. The surface however is deteriorating and is powdery to the touch with areas of active bronze corrosion beneath.","South Eastern type axes are often associated with the Carp's Tongue complex of North West France (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 217), which heavily influences hoard composition in Lowland England. The type is also well represented throughout Britain and is present in the Llantwit tradition of south east Wales, represented within the eponymous hoard and elsewhere.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,146.2,,,,86.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,Neath Port Talbot,Neath Port Talbot,Briton Ferry,SS7394,From a paper map,51.630435,-3.836293,NMGW-5BAAA7,,20061831.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/20061831.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629397.jpg
187406,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1200,"A fragment from the lower blade of a cast copper-alloy Bronze Age axehead. The fragment consists of the cutting edge in full and part of the blade defined by roughly straight cut, possibly deliberate. From the blade (W.: 21.4mm) the axe flares to a maximum width of 34.75mm.  At the break the fragment is solid, suggesting that it did not come from a socketed axehead; there is no obvious casting seam.  The whole is pitted and corroded with a dark green patina and areas of lighter bronze disease.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-19T23:00:00Z,,,,45.85,,,12.35,35,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Itchen Valley,SU5031,From a paper map,51.076154,-1.287666,HAMP-5C53A6,,HAMP-5C53A6axehead.jpg,Bronze Age axehead fragment,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-5C53A6axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/144995.jpg
187543,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-750,"
Fragment of copper bun ingot, probably of Late Bronze Age date.
",Image PAK 202/150 would not upload to database.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-06-04T23:00:00Z,,,,126.8,,,18.89,56.11,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Dartford,Darenth,TQ5670,From a paper map,51.407573,0.241564,KENT-616245,,PAK202-151.JPG,KENT-616245,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK202-151.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/169808.jpg
187862,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper alloy single-runner casting jet of uncertain date, possibly Middle to Late Bronze Age, c.1500-750BC The jet is irregular and conical-oval in shape, with a length at the top of 34.8mm and a width of 23.3mm. The jet has a weight of 35.0g and an overall depth of 17.4mm. At the base of the jet is a projecting stub or single-runner (19mm x 12mm x 7mm), which would have fed into the mould. The jet has an irregular surface with a dark green patina.","
Casting jets are non diagnostic and are difficult to date outside of their archaeological context. The irregular surface suggests a clay mould-gate and the single runner may suggest the casting of some tool or weapon, other than an axe.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,35,,,,34.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,St. Donats,SS9268,From a paper map,51.400716,-3.553924,NMGW-857132,,2006197.jpg,Bronze age casting jet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2006197.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629399.jpg
187893,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed axe, dating to the Late Bronze Age, between 1150 – 800 BC (length: 87.5mm; width at blade: 45.5mm; width at socket: 36.5mm; thickness: 39.5mm; weight: 166.57g).  This artefact could be further classified as dating from the Ewart Park phase, between 1000 – 800 BC.

The axe is sub-rectangular in plan with a hollow triangular section.  At one end of the artefact, the open socket is square with a moulded and lipped edge protruding outwards from all four sides.  The inside of the socket is completely empty.  To either side and immediately below the lipped top of the axe, there are three vertical ribs protruding upwards on each face, with four alternating recessed indentations.  Each rib is approximately 33.5mm in length and 3.5mm in width.  Additionally, each rib tapers inwards slightly as they continue down the artefact’s length whilst becoming less prominent and worn as they seem to blend in with the axe’s expanding blade.  To one side of the artefact, there is a single and integrally cast copper alloy loop (length of loop: 24mm; width of loop: 11mm; thickness of loop: 9mm; length of oval loop hole: 8.5mm; width of loop hole: 5.5mm).  The blade tip curves outwards along the outside edge to either side of the artefact with the blade’s cutting edge still intact.  Additionally, a prominent casting seam is visible down the length of the axe’s sides, running from the lipped open socket to the blade tip.  Although this artefact does appear to have been possibly coated in a substance, the axe is in a slightly worn but good condition with a very dark brown patina.  Some areas of the artefact (near the blade) have small patches where the original patina has corroded and there is a probable scrap/ scratch on the artefact’s side.

A similar example is illustrated in Evans, J, 1881, ‘Ancient Bronze Implements of Great Britain’, pages 117-8, fig 124, line 9, which was found at Reach Fen, Cambridgeshire.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-13T23:00:00Z,,,,166.57,,,39.5,87.5,1,George Potts,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Telford and Wrekin,Telford and Wrekin,Chetwynd Aston and Woodcote,SJ7515,From a paper map,52.732054,-2.371661,WMID-8865D5,,WMID-8865D5.JPG,"Late Bronze Age socketed axehead (front, side and back views)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-8865D5.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/146217.jpg
187924,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper alloy dirk, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, between 1500 - 1150 BC (length: 92mm; width at shoulder: 30.5mm; thickness at mid blade: 4mm; overall weight: 31.3g).


The artefact is sub-triangular in plan and is mostly flat in section. The butt and shoulders of the dirk are incomplete with the top completely missing. One rivet holes is partially visible to one side, although two rivets would have been originally visible to the left and right when the artefact was complete. The sides of the blade below the shoulders curve/ taper inwards to start form the blade, where the slightly bevelled edges are still visible on both sides of the artefact. The dirk breaks prematurely at the opposing end, although the artefact would not have continued in length for much longer when complete. Overall, the dirk is in a worn, corroded and pitted condition with a patchy dark green patina. There are numerous pits on the patina all over the artefact and much of the corrosion is present at the blade edges and broken tip.


Similar dirks are illustrated in Savory, H, N, 1980, 'Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections' in the National Museum of Wales, pages 113 & 176, fig 28, ref nos 243-4, found at Llanfair Clydogau, Wales and Newchurch, North Wales respectively.


Other examples are illustrated in Watson, P, J, 1993, 'Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums', page 10, ref nos 82-3, found at Middlesex, Thames and in Kent at the Isle of Thanet respectively.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-12T23:00:00Z,,,,31.3,,,4,92,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Sheriffhales,SJ7713,From finder,52.714165,-2.341903,WMID-8A21A8,,WMID-8A21A8.JPG,Middle Bronze Age dirk (front and back views),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-8A21A8.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/145414.jpg
187952,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A complete cast bronze flat axehead, dating to the Early Bronze Age between 2150 - 1500 BC (length: 73mm; width at blade tip: 46mm; width at butt: 21.5mm; thickness in the centre: 9.5mm; weight: 137.2g).

The axehead is sub-triangular in plan with a convex section. The parallel sides, which are slightly uneven, expand/ taper outwards towards a blunded but complete curved blade tip.  There is no decoration on the artefact, which is in a worn and corroded condition with little surviving of the dark brown patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-09-02T23:00:00Z,,,,137.2,,,9.5,73,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Telford and Wrekin,Telford and Wrekin,Chetwynd Aston and Woodcote,SJ7516,From finder,52.741044,-2.371737,WMID-8AE363,,WMID-8AE363.JPG,Early Bronze Age flat axehead (front and back views),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cjohnson/WMID-8AE363.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/145422.jpg
187998,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy axe tip, 60mm long, 24mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 37.48grams.  The axe has a rounded edge which is 1mm thick and is still sharp. behind the blade the axe widens sharply and quickly becomes rectangular in section, with a rectangular recess. Its sides taper in sharply, one side has an inwards curve whilst the other turns sharply inwards, creating a narrow triangular protrusion. Its hard to say whether this is original or is damage?",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,37.48,,,7,60,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Newtown Linford,SK5410,From finder,52.68501,-1.20261,LEIC-9B5045,,9B5045.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy axe tip,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/9B5045.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/146242.jpg
189127,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1100,"Fragment of a Bronze Age palstave axe, it has broken just after the septum reaches the blade. All the edges are worn so the break must have occurred in antiquity. The axe has a tear drop-shaped side view, it is flattest at the butt end. The flange is 8mm deep. Along the side of the flange a faint casting seam can be seen. The butt is rounded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,105.7,,,19,77,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Wales,Conwy,Conwy,Colwyn Bay,SH8575,From a paper map,53.259498,-3.725431,LVPL-72D013,,Griffiths axe.jpg,Fragment of a Bronze Age palstave axe,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/Griffiths axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/146718.jpg
189381,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,A possible fragment from the tip of a Bronze Age sword. The fragment is 3.35mm thick and thins out towards the edges. One end is broken and the other is rounded; there are opposing notches on either side.,"It is possible that this is a broken fragment which has been reused and rehafted, using the notches, as a knife.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,4.98,,,3.35,21.65,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,GUILDFORD,SU9848,From a paper map,51.222793,-0.598046,SUR-9C7F97,,07.06.JPG,Bronze Age sword or knife blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/07.06.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/146176.jpg
189515,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy (bronze) fragment from the tip of the blade of a Late Bronze Age weapon, probably a sword.  The piece is trapezoidal in plan, with a rounded, convex tip, and has an elongated lozenge-shaped cross section. The surface has a rough green patina.

The object measures 35.5mm wide, 34.3mm high and 6.7mm thick. The weight is 33g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-08-01T23:00:00Z,,,,33,,,6.7,35.5,1,Steven Ashby,Steven Ashby,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Great Easton,SP8396,From a paper map,52.555521,-0.77721,NARC-AE7B41,,NARC-AE7B41 bh bronze sword.JPG,Bronze Age Sword:  fragment from the tip of a copper alloy sword blade,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sashby/NARC-AE7B41 bh bronze sword.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/146962.jpg
190040,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axehead, dating to the Late Bronze Age, between 1150 – 800 BC (length: 33mm; width at blade: 51.5mm; thickness: 15mm; weight: 76.4g).

This axehead fragment is sub-trapezoidal in plan, with a triangular section and the remains of a hollow socket.  The blade end is all that remains of this axehead, with the blade tips slightly tapering outwards at the edges.  The break across the top of the blade appears to be an old one.  The blade edge is slightly incomplete.  Overall, the socketed axehead blade fragment is in a worn but fair condition with patches of the original dark green/ brown patina still remaining on either side.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-11-07T00:00:00Z,,,,76.4,,,15,33,1,Caroline Johnson,Caroline Johnson,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Penkridge,SJ9014,From a paper map,52.723553,-2.149498,WMID-2DE051,,,,,,,
190160,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-850,"A damaged fragment from a Late Bronze Age sword.  The fragment is from the upper mid-blade towards the tip, but is missing the sword's point.  As such it is broadly trapezoidal in plan and lozengiform in cross-section.  The object has bent bent and now has a shallow serpentine profile.  It has corroded to a light, dusty blue-green colour with numerous scratches and pits.  It is likely to be from the late Wilburton or, most likely, Ewart Park phases of the Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-06-12T23:00:00Z,,,,27.4,,,6.2,48.95,1,Dot Boughton,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Droxford,SU6019,From a paper map,50.967303,-1.146921,HAMP-4231A3,,HAMP-4231A3blade.jpg,Late Bronze Age sword fragment,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-4231A3blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/147565.jpg
190220,Rivet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-850,"A rivet cast in copper alloy with a circular cross-section and domed terminal.  The end opposite is slightly lipped, although not domed in the same way as typical Bronze Age rivets.  This notwithstanding, the possibility exists that the rivet is Late Bronze Age in date, coming from a sword or dirk.  The artefact has a mid-green patina with some pitting.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-12-20T00:00:00Z,,,,4.725,,11.3,,12.4,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kings Somborne,SU3731,From a paper map,51.077137,-1.473221,HAMP-44D4B7,,HAMP-44D4B7rivet.jpg,Bronze Age rivet (possibly),Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-44D4B7rivet.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/147725.jpg
190306,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy socketed axehead which dates from the Bronze Age. The axehead is 91.6mm long and the socket is 42mm wide and 39mm thick externally. Both ends of the axehead are extensively chipped and damaged, and there are also chips on the body of the axehead. There is a circumferential ridge round the socket opening and beneath that three ribs run halfway down the body on the two main faces. There are casting spurs along the seams on the sides. The cutting blade widens slightly, but the damage prevents the extent of the flaring being known. There is a single loop on one side near the socket. The axehead has a deep turquoise and brown patina but with active corrosion at the damaged areas. The socketed axehead was a Late Bronze Age development. A very close parallel is number 39 on page 27 of ""Catalogue of the Prehistoric Metalwork in Merseyside County Museums"" by Susan Nicholson (1980).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-07-15T23:00:00Z,,,,171.8,,,39,91.6,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Sheffield,Sheffield,Bradfield,SK2496,From a paper map,53.460206,-1.640002,SWYOR-553554,,PAS 292 axe.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 292 axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/147665.jpg
190313,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard comprising of 3 cast copper-alloy socketed axe-heads, a 2-part cast copper-alloy axe casting mould, 6 pieces of bronze metal working casting debris and 2 associated but later (Medieval-Post Medieval) copper alloy fragments.

Axe 1: South eastern type Class A2 (Ewart Park Phase c.1000-800BC).  The shape of the mouth is a rounded square.  It has a double mouth mouldings with a single side loop extending from the lower less pronounced moulding.  The body is parallel sided with slight flaring towards the cutting edge.  The casting seams are clearly evident down both sides of the axe and the cutting edge is fresh and undamaged. The axe has a single slightly pronounced rounded pellet in the centre of each face just below the lower mouth moulding, apart from this the axe is plain.

The axe measures 109.67mm in length, the blade is 45.24mm wide.  The external diameter of the mouth (from side to side) is 40.09mm & the internal diamter is 27.60mm, the external diameter of the mouth (front to back) is 43.14mm & the internal diameter 31.20mm.  The length of the side loop is 23.65mm and it is 9.72mm thick.  The axe weighs 287.45g.

Axe 2: The description is exactly the same as above.

The axe measures 110.37mm in length, the blade is 45.47mm wide.  The external diameter of the mouth (from side to side) is 40.19mm & the internal diamter is 28.83mm, the external diameter of the mouth (front to back) is 41.72mm & the internal diameter 30.04mm.  The length of the side loop is 24.42mm and it is 10.10mm thick.  The axe weighs 275.21g.

Axe 3: The description is exactly the same as above.

The axe measures 109.16mm in length, the blade is 44.93mm wide.  The external diameter of the mouth (from side to side) is 39.70mm & the internal diamter is 28.89mm, the external diameter of the mouth (front to back) is 42.36mm & the internal diameter 30.47mm.  The length of the side loop is 24.77 and it is 10.15mm thick.  The axe weighs 289.67g.

The 2-Part Axe Casting Mould: The mould completely matches the form, size & shape of the above 3 axes and it is therefore fair to say that this mould was used for the casting of these items.

The mould has a 'tongue & groove' design around the main axe impression allowing the two pieces to be closely slotted together during casting.  There is a slight negative surface flaw evident on the internal face of one of the moulds (along the lower blade portion) but this is not seen on the 3 axes and was presumably filed or polished during post-casting axe preparation.  The remains of a failed casting can be seen in the upper portion of one half of the  mould and this is now a pale white-yellow in colour.  The exterior of one half of the mould is decorated with two long irregular linear ridges and one shorter ridge between.  Below this shorter central ridge is a small raised rounded pellet and below this a small depression.  The other half of the mould purely has a smaller central rounded pellet for decoration.  Projecting from the lower perimeter edge of one half is a slight semi-circular flange.

The mould and axes have a rich mid brown patina with some superficial surface pitting/porosity and slight surface scratches probably acquired in recent years.

The Mould with remnant casting measures 151.04mm long and is 63.92mm at its widest point.  It was not possible to weight the item (in excess of 300g)

The second mould piece measures 152.60mm in length and 64.76mm at its widest point.  It was not possible to weight the item (in excess of 300g)


Bronze Metalwork Casting Debris:  There are 6 pieces of copper-alloy casting debris that were found in close association with the hoard.  The debris has bright green corrosion but is brown-orange in colour overall.  It is dense and heavy in relation to its size and has the typical 'bubbled' appearance of casting waste.  The waste measures: 118g, 225g, 86g, 133g, 266g & 255g.

Two additional pieces of copper-alloy metalwork were also presented with the hoard but due to their form and correlation have been deemed Medieval to Post-Medieval in date with the larger of the two being a probably leg for a Medieval cooking pot c.1500s whilst the smaller item is unidentifiable in its current condition.","This hoard was reported in retrospect as discovered during the later 1980s and is therefore not subject to the Treasure Act of 1996 under which such a hoard would now be classified as Treasure.

This Hoard was recorded at the request of Oxfordshire Museums Service after it was seen for sale (with local provenance) at an Oxon Antiques Shop near Chipping Norton.  All photographic images, weights & measurements were recorded by the FLO at the shop.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1989-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,13,Charlotte Burrill,Charlotte Burrill,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Upton,SU5387,From a paper map,51.57937832,-1.23653424,BERK-56BD17,,REPORT Unrelated but associated Frags.jpg,Medieval Vessel Fragments,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/REPORT Unrelated but associated Frags.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/147688.jpg
191060,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,A fragment from a copper alloy Bronze Age axeblade (possibly socketed) Dimensions: length 26.20mm; width 3.94mm; weight 3.1g,"Found during the Court Hill Rally, Segsbury 26 Aug 2007",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-08-25T23:00:00Z,,,Court Hill Rally 26/8/2007,3.1,,,,26.2,1,David Williams,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3984,From a paper map,51.55354532,-1.43889257,BERK-2F5FA8,,TICKET 29 - Bronze Age Axe Fragment.jpg,Bronze Age Axe,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/TICKET 29 - Bronze Age Axe Fragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/148159.jpg
191103,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Shapeless lump of copper, possibly Bronze Age metal working debris.  Dimensions: weight 760g","Found during the Court Hill Rally, Segsbury 26 Aug 2007",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-08-25T23:00:00Z,,,Court Hill Rally 26/8/2007,760,,,,,1,David Williams,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3984,,51.553545,-1.438893,BERK-3435B1,,TICKET 16 - Unknown Metal Working Debris.jpg,Unknown Metal Working Debris,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/TICKET 16 - Unknown Metal Working Debris.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/148156.jpg
191473,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,A Bronze Age awl. The tang has a rectangular section which becomes square then widens into a circular-section before tapering to a point.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,4.41,,5.66,,53.82,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Greywell,SU7251,From a paper map,51.253631,-0.969681,SUR-592F14,,07.77.JPG,Bronze Age awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/07.77.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/148406.jpg
191660,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1150,"Very small cast cu-alloy flat axe dating from the 3rd millenium BC. 
The axe has not been seen by the FLO; it was reported via email and the images kindly supplied by the finder.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,4.79,48.2,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Middop,SD8345,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.90088395,-2.2602097,LANCUM-6DB595,,RIMG0254.JPG,Very small Early Bronze Age flat axe,Lancashire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/RIMG0254.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/148636.jpg
191662,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1300,"Cast cu-alloy basal-looped spearhead dating from the Middle Bronze Age, Greenwell & Brewis Class 3a, Taunton industrial phase, c. 1400-1300BC. The spearhead is ca. 8 inches long but now broken in two. Remains of the wooden haft were still inside the socket when it was found, but subsequently taken out by the finder (see attached image).



The object was reported via email; the FLO did not see it herself. Images kindly supplied by the finder.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-31T23:00:00Z,2007-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Middop,SD8345,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.90088395,-2.2602097,LANCUM-6DC516,,wood.jpg,Fragment of wooden shaft of Middle Bronze Age basal-looped spearhead,Lancashire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/wood.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/148641.jpg
192120,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"
A Bronze age, plain, penannular gold ring of roughly circular cross section. One terminal is damaged revealing that the piece comprises a gold covering over a base metal core. The covering is also split in one place.
","Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of a penannular ring from Fawley Hampshire, indicated a gold content of 77-79 %, silver content of 16-18 %, the remainder being copper. The ring has a core of copper alloy and in its current uncleaned state it weighs 3.72 grams.",4,Gold,,Declared Treasure but returned to Finder as Museum unable to acquire,Metal detector,2006-09-29T23:00:00Z,,2006T485,,3.72,,,,15.3,1,Gillian Varndell,Richard Henry,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Fawley,SU4500,GPS (from the finder),50.797822,-1.362851,HAMP-D6F928,,HAMP-D6F928 Cooperpenannularing.jpg,Bronze age penannular ring,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry/HAMP-D6F928 Cooperpenannularing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/149158.jpg
192232,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1500,1700,"Two fragments of copper alloy casting waste. The first piece is conical, solid and may be a casting sprue, 38mm x 20mm x 18mm. The second is an irregular lump of copper alloy, 22mm x 20xx x 12mm. Both finds came out the same dug hole.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,2,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,North Thoresby,TF2898,From a paper map,53.463197,-0.073416,LIN-EB7576,,LIN5942.JPG,Copper alloy casting waste,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN5942.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/149271.jpg
193424,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1100,"A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spearhead with side loops (1500-1150BC). The blade is a pointed oval in plan with clearly defined angled edge bevels. The mid rib is curved and there is a groove running on either side of the midrib just before the flanges. Towards the base the socket are the remains of the side loops (now lost).  The edges are damaged, but overall the spearhead is in good condition, with an even, dark green patina.


The socket contains a fibrous material that appears to be wood.

Dimensions: length: 101.5mm; width: 19.8mm; thickness: 14.1mm;weight: 35.1g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-09-09T23:00:00Z,,,,35.1,,,14.1,101.5,1,Steven Ashby,Steven Ashby,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Warwick,Kenilworth,SP2673,From a paper map,52.354452,-1.619682,NARC-9B5076,,NARC-9B5076 dc spear.JPG,Middle Bronze Age spearhead with sideloops,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sashby/NARC-9B5076 dc spear.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/153270.jpg
193705,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-700,Possible fragment of copper alloy casting waste or copper ingot.  Irregular shape.  The surface is covered by a black substance.  ,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-08-05T23:00:00Z,,,,86.4,,,21.49,42.63,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Gravesham,Cobham,TQ6768,From a paper map,51.386475,0.398637,KENT-EA1830,,PAK198-073.JPG,KENT-EA1830.  Fragment of copper alloy casting waste.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK198-073.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/167554.jpg
193827,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1400,"A case bronze palstave axehead of the Middle Bronze Age.

The palstave belongs to the Acton group of metalwork, and is a nearly complete specimen.  The entire axehead is 135mm in length, with a maximum width across the flanges measuring 35.2mm.  

The blade has a mid-ridge in very low relief, and the blade expands very slightly out from the centre of the head, with the blade tips expanding out from the rest of the blade very dramatically.  The edge is cresent shaped.  In length, the blade is 67.02mm, and 113.24mm thick at its base and 1.04mm thick at the edge.

The flanges expand from the top and bottom of the septum in a sub-triangular fashion, peaking nearer to the blade than the butt.  In length, each flange measures 55.3mm and is 13.24mm wide from the septum to outer edge.

The septum is 8.5mm thick, 62.79mm long from the base of the blade to the butt, and 25.08mm in height/breadth.  The butt is slightly rounded with visible casting marks.

The object has an even green patina.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,296,,,14.24,135,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Wykeham,SE9579,From a paper map,54.197965,-0.545289,NCL-F9D767,,Collinson palstave axe.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/Collinson palstave axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/150492.jpg
193981,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-1000,"Fragment of a copper alloy spear dating to the middle Bronze Age.  The spear has a hollow conical main shaft with a tapering wing to either side.  The fragment is from the tip end of the spear, although the tip is missing.  The fragment has a mid-brown patina.","Recorded at the Panton rally, Lincolnshire, 7-9th Sept. 07",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.5,,,,38.5,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Hatton,TF1778,,53.286065,-0.246416,LIN-FE7CC3,,59.jpg,Middle Bronze Age spear tip,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/59.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/150184.jpg
195454,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Casting  fragment from a potential bronze side looped and socketed spear (spearhead) of Middle Bronze Age date (1500 - 1150 BC). The fragment is irregular in plan but is broadly sub-rectangular in plan with a C shaped cross section forming a hollow socket and cast side loops. The fragment narrows along its length and its cross-section changes from a shallow C section at the base to an angular U shaped section at the opposite end. The fragment is likely to be waste from a miscast with only one part of the mould being filled with bronze. The casting fragment measures 37.5mm length, has a maximum width of 13.4mm and maximum thickness of 6.4mm. It weighs 4.97 grams. 

The blade (sides and tip), and base of the spearhead is lost and the fragment has been rolled in the ploughsoil making the edges irregular. All that survives of the spear is the central part of the socket, from the base of the blade to just below the two string-like loops. One of these loops is broken; the other is 9.8mm long, 2.7mm wide and project 2.8mm. The internal dimension is 4.5 x 2.2mm. The cross section of both the loops is sub-oval. The style of this type of loop is known as ‘string’ due to the small size and nature. These two loops would have originally been used to help attach and secure the spearhead to the wooden shaft. They also may have been used as suspension loops for some form of tassel or decoration. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead

The spearhead is a mid green colour with an even (but slightly flaky) patina. The patina has been abraded in several areas and there are several areas with an unstable surface. Some of these unstable surfaces have been caused by corrosion, which has caused the metal to laminate slightly. The inner socket of the spear is a mid green black colour and has a similar flaky patina. Similar coloured patinas can be seen on Late Bronze Age axes of the South Wales type specifically around the mouths and around the decorative ribs. It is unlikely that this affect has been caused by the burial environment as the outer surface would have a similar patina. There is no evidence for the preservation of organic material within the socket. 

Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham’s Period 5 (c. 1500 – 1150 BC). A direct parallel has not been found for this casting fragment, although detailed searches of Middle Bronze Age hoards and Metalworking sites may provide a good comparison.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.97,,,6.4,37.5,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Hereford,SO4839,,52.04694032,-2.75964803,HESH-BD11A4,,HESH-BD11A4.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Casting Waste Spear ,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/preavill/HESH-BD11A4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/199656.jpg
195572,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A small (110mm long), unlooped palstave with a narrow blade which has only a slight splay towards the cutting edge (min. width of blade-face= 21mm, max.= 28mm). There is a single mid-rib on either face of length c.45mm which fades out c.30mm before the curved cutting edge. The blade-tips have rounded corners with no recurve. The septum is quite small (length=36mm, min. width=13mm, max.=22mm) with very slight flanges (max. height=2mm). The stop ridge is straight and one side is slightly higher than the other (width at stop-ridge=22mm). There are also traces of a casting-scar on one side. The colour of the palstave is a range of greens and browns, the surface is pitted with only a couple of small patches of the original surface surviving, one at the blade edge retains a patina and striations possibly indicative of sharpening or polishing.  It is an early palstave of the Acton Park or Taunton phase. Similar examples are one (of uncertain association) from the Acton Park Hoard itself (Lynch, Aldhouse-Green and Davies, 2000, pp104-5) and one from St Fagans, Glamorgan (Savory, 1980, pp169, no. 153).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-11-22T00:00:00Z,,,,152,,,19,110,1,Jeff Spencer,Jeff Spencer,Wales,Flintshire,Flintshire,Hope,SJ3059,From a paper map,53.123556,-3.047486,CPAT-D25B04,,2456-0002.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jspencer/2456-0002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/151987.jpg
195729,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1100,"Cast copper-alloy Bronze Age Bead.  The bead is roughly bi-conical in shape with a slightly raised flat ridge running around the circumference.  The central hole as a diameter of 5.6mm.

Beads of this type were produced in gold and copper-alloy during the Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,1.4,,9.53,6.4,,1,Ben Roberts,Charlotte Burrill,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Ashford Hill with Headley,SU5263,From a paper map,51.363693,-1.254488,BERK-141237,,Payne Sept07 BA Bead.jpg,Bronze Age Bead,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/Payne Sept07 BA Bead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/152095.jpg
195934,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"
Cast copper alloy palstave axehead. Very corroded.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-05-05T23:00:00Z,,,,260,,,16,146,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Tunbridge Wells,Hawkhurst,TQ7730,From a paper map,51.042089,0.523465,KENT-36D683,,PAK200-034.JPG,KENT-36D683.  Copper alloy Bronze Age axehead.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK200-034.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/169133.jpg
196057,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Small copper alloy knife-dagger 103mm in length, 38mm in width (max.), with ogival form and single mid-rib. The edges are bevelled (bevels up to 4mm in width) and some of the surface scratches may be evidence of sharpening, only parts of the blade-edge survive. Two incomplete rivet holes can be discerned at the damaged butt, but insufficient of either survive to allow the diameters to be established. The thickness ranges from 4mm towards the tip to 2mm at the base. There is much pitting and other areas of corrosion on the surface. While it is similar to two daggers illustrated in the National Museum of Wales 'Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections (No.329, Fig.27 and No.491:3, Fig.51) a close parallel cannot currently be found.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,33,,,4,103,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Cockshutt,SJ4130,From finder,52.864233,-2.877829,CPAT-3A15F5,,2456-0001.jpg,Bronze Age - Dagger ,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jspencer/2456-0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/152305.jpg
196334,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1000,800,"A late Bronze Age hoard.











1. Spearhead blade fragment. The upper part of a probable leaf-shaped blade with convex edges. The break is corroded. The midrib is round in section, but none of the socket survives. The hollowed edge bevels are fairly broad. Length: 73 mm; width: 33 mm; thickness: 13.5 mm; weight 41.9 g.











2. Bugle-shaped fitting. Complete, two-part bugle-shaped fitting, the two parts being fused together by corrosion. Component A is a D-shaped loop of thick round section with a thinner rectangular staple appended to the flat side. The staple is slotted into component B, a spool-shaped piece with slots in opposing sides and a perforation at just one end. The last is blocked by soil, or possibly clay-core remnant, which can also be seen adhering to the interior either side of the slot. Extremely desiccated traces of organic material, possibly leather are visible through the slot and probably derive from a strap threaded round the staple. Length: 39 mm; width: 35 mm; breadth (excluding corrosion) 13.5 mm; width of loop 9.2 mm; breadth of loop 9.8 mm; weight: 28.4 g.











3. Ring. Complete oval ring, unequal in thickness from one side to the other. Hoop section is also oval. Diameter: 31.5 x 29.3 mm; thickness of hoop 1.7 - 3.0 mm; breadth of hoop 1.4 - 2.3 mm; weight: 2.2 g.











4. Ring. Complete circular ring, unequal in both thickness and breadth from one side to the other. The hoop is of oval to lenticular section. It is fractured across the hoop at a point where there is a radial rectangular perforation, approximately 4 x 1.5 mm; this lies one-third around the circuit from the thinnest part. Diameter: 24.5 mm; thickness 2.5 - 4.2 mm; breadth 2.1 - 3.3 mm; weight: 3.9 g.











5. Amber bead. Yellowy-orange, semi-translucent amber, slightly damaged with chips mainly along one edge revealing fresher surface. Patches of bronze corrosion products are attached. Bun-shaped with faces ground flat or slightly convex and a bowed outer edge. Central near-cylindrical perforation. The outer edge thins on two opposite sides, possibly the result of wear from threads. Diameter: 17.3 - 17.5 mm; breadth 6.2 mm; diameter perforation: 4.2 mm; thickness 6.0 - 6.9 mm; weight: 1.2 g.











6. Amber bead. Light orange, semi-translucent amber, complete with no damage. Spots of bronze corrosion adhere. Distinctly wedge-shaped in profile, the thinnest side also being the narrowest in plan. The offset perforation is slightly oval. Both inner and outer sides are well bowed leaving narrow flat facets on the faces. Diameter: 10.6 - 10.9 mm; breadth 2.0 - 4.5 mm; thickness: 1.7 - 3.4 mm; diameter perforation: 4.4 - 5.3 mm; weight: 0.2 g.











7. Amber bead. Light orange, semi-translucent amber, complete with minor cracks and spalls partially polished out. Spots of bronze corrosion adhere. Near disc form, but of variable breadth and unequal thickness. Near cylindrical perforation, flattish faces and bowed exterior. Diameter: 9.5 mm; breadth: 2.7 - 3.3 mm; thickness: 2.0 - 3.7 mm; diameter perforation 3.8 mm; weight: 0.1 g.",This is Treasure Case 2005 T388,4,Copper alloy,Other,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2007-08-27T23:00:00Z,,2005 T388,,,,,,,7,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Sedgefield,NZ3828,,54.645685,-1.412667,NCL-9F0675,,2005 T388a.JPG,Late Bronze Age base-metal hoard,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/2005 T388a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/152715.jpg
197136,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-850,"A cast bronze spearhead of the Bronze Age.

The spearhead is largely complete, though the socket is missing and there is no trace of basal loops, though these would be expected.

The blade is leaf-shaped with a central barrel ridge (circular in section) that begins with the socket and tapers to the tip.  The edges are largely intact, though somewhat nicked.  The bevel of the edge being 3mm from the edge.

The bronze is good quality with an even green patina.

It is 155.09mm in length, 45.35mm in width at the blade shoulders, 15.06mm thick in the ridge, 1.36mm thick edge at the tip, with a socket diameter 19.02mm.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,136.8,,,15.06,155.09,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,West Bedlington,NZ2584,From a paper map,55.14971507,-1.60927109,NCL-490390,,Crawford spearhead.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/Crawford spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/153651.jpg
197191,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2350,1800,"
A copper-alloy fragment of metal working debris. Uncertain date.
",Found at the Oxfordshire Weekend Wanderers rally 02.09.07 - 03.09.07.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers -  Chain Hill (nr Wantage) 07,20.58,,,,,1,Paula Levick,Kate Sumnall,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Lockinge,SU4084,From a paper map,51.553476,-1.42447,BERK-4C74B6,,,,,,,
197338,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,2000,1800,"A small, narrow-butted copper-alloy flat axe from the Early Bronze Age. The rounded cutting edge (37mm wide) shows signs of having been slightly flared, though one side is partly missing. The body of the axe has a bevel, approximately 55mm from the cutting edge, but this is not very pronounced. The axe tapers back to a thin, semi-circular butt (19mm wide). The axe is heavily corroded with no sign of decoration.



Note - Peter Reavill - 18/5/21.



Thanks are extended to Dr Brendan O'Connor who has suggested that this axe form is now better understood after the recent publication of Stuart Needham 2017: The Classification of Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Copper and Bronze Axe-head from Souther Britain.



O'Connor notes: This axe previously suggested as a possible Type Migdale is highly unlikely and although extensive corrosion makes it difficult to be certain where in Needham's Class 4 to place it I believe that it should probably be later rather than earlier c. 2000-1800 BC",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,111,,,9,100,1,Jeff Spencer,Rod Trevaskus,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Dodleston,SJ3660,From finder,53.133298,-2.95804,CPAT-5F0B55,,2487-0005.jpg,Bronze Age Flat Axehead,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jspencer/2487-0005.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/153804.jpg
197394,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1450,-900,"A narrow-bladed, copper-alloy dagger, 127mm in length, 31mm in width and 4mm in section (max) with an ogival form and a single midrib running the length of the weapon. There is evidence of a bevel and sharpening at the butt end but most of the edge is eroded. The butt has two clear rivet holes both damaged and incomplete but with sufficient to indicate a rivet diameter of 5mm. The tip and butt are both damaged and while much of the original surface survives with a dark brown patina, patches have been lost to corrosion. The dagger is similar in form to a dirk or rapier but its length (127mm) defines it as a dagger. It has similarities to daggers of the 'Camerton-Snowshill' tradition.","
Please note that the second photograph was taken before any preservation work by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,37.5,,,4,127,1,Jeff Spencer,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Rossett,SJ3656,From a paper map,53.097347,-2.957241,CPAT-633D63,,2227.jpg,Bronze Age - Dagger,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2227.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/285582.jpg
197620,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,EARLY MEDIEVAL,-1500,1066,An undecorated copper alloy bead.  The bead is circular in plan (9.54mm diameter) with a circular concentric 3.4mm central hole. In cross-section it is sub-circular. Undecorated beads of this type are difficult to date tightly as they are used in this form from the Bronze Age through to the Early Medieval period. The bead is 3mm thick and weighs 0.7g.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,0.7,,9.54,3,,1,Charlotte Burrill,Charlotte Burrill,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,East Hendred,SU4589,GPS (from the finder),51.598054,-1.35172,BERK-BC40F5,,NO 21 -EastHendred - Undated Bead.jpg,NO 21 -EastHendred - Undated Bead.jpg,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/NO 21 -EastHendred - Undated Bead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/152601.jpg
197862,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-700,"Cast copper alloy probable Bronze Age awl.  The object is square in section and tapers to a smooth point at one end whilst the other end is roughly finished and possibly broken.

Dated c.1400-700 BC.

Awls were used for piercing holes in leather or other thick materials.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,1.7,,,2.21,37.31,1,Charlotte Burrill,Charlotte Burrill,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,East Hendred,SU4589,,51.598054,-1.35172,BERK-D25822,,NO 54a - EastHendred -Undated pin or awl.jpg,Probable Bronze Age Awl,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cburrill/NO 54a - EastHendred -Undated pin or awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/152656.jpg
198299,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An incomplete Early Bronze Age cast copper alloy developed flat axe.  The axehead is 102.23 mm long, with a rounded butt and a body which expands in width towards the blade.  There is no butt stop or transverse bevel visible on the body of the axehead, although the original surface has been removed by corrosion.  The axehead has gentle flanges at the edges of the body, which are concave in profile and are cast or hammered.  In section, one flange is noticeably narrower than the other (the width being a maximum of 10.02mm compared to 11.97mm). It is unclear if this is a consequence of wear or corrosion, or whether this difference was generated in the manufacture of the axehead. The blade is heavily splayed and has a curved cutting edge with a maximum width of 42.41mm.  One end of the blade is worn or corroded away.  The axehead weighs 153.12 grams.  The heavily pitted surface of the axehead has a dark brown patina, and light green corrosion products are also visible on the surface. There is a small amount of recent damage on the more pronounced flanges. No decoration is visible on the axehead.  The low flanges and form of the axe suggest that this is a developed flat axe, within Needham's (1996) period 3 (2050-1700BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,153.12,,,11.97,102.23,1,Duncan Slarke,Duncan Slarke,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Swinfen and Packington,SK1106,From a paper map,52.651622,-1.838837,WMID-0F3992,,WMID-OF3992v2.jpg,"Bronze Age Low Flanged Axe (front, side, reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dslarke/WMID-OF3992v2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/155464.jpg
198302,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A cast copper alloy fragment, probably from an edged blade of unknown type. The fragment is 30.90mm long, with a pronounced but narrow lozenge-section midrib. The blade wings are largely complete, although one wing is bent at the cutting edge.  The width of the fragment narrows from 34.87mm to 23.89mm  towards the tip which is missing.  There is no central cavity visible within the midrib, although the terminals of the midribs are partially obscured by soil. The fragment weighs 18.58g.

A lightly pitted dark brown patina is visible on a small area of one of the blade wings, but generally the fragment has a light to dark green surface colouring.  As previously mentioned, there is some obscuration of the surface by soil.

In cross-section the object is similar to known Bronze Age forms for edged blades, and particularly spear tips: a lozenge-section midrib with thin triangular wings on either side (see for example, the spearheads illustrated in Ehrenberg, 1977, figs 3ff ).  However, the majority of the object is missing, which would have the diagnostic features to enable more precise identification and dating.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,18.58,,,7.39,30.9,1,Duncan Slarke,Duncan Slarke,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Lichfield,SK1111,From a paper map,52.69657,-1.838671,WMID-1B5893,,BA Blade frag copy 2.jpg,Bronze Age Blade,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dslarke/BA Blade frag copy 2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/155880.jpg
198404,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-700,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy axe. The blade portion of the axe remains with the broken edge traversing the axe and revealing the socket. The blade cutting edge is asymmetrical, rounded and blunt, and is convex in plan. The blade has slightly flared sides. The break is not recent as the patina on the break matches that on the surface of the axe. The surface of the axe is abraded, but has patches of a well developed dark green/brown patina. From the cutting edge to the broken edge it measures 41mm, and from the corner of the blade to the broken edge it measures 15.12mm.

The axe is a socketed axe dating to the late Bronze Age, c.1150 to 700 BC.",Recorded from images taken by the finder.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,41,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Barby,SP5270,Centred on parish,52.32564007,-1.23843137,WAW-5B6782,,,,,,,
198836,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1450,-1350,"Cast copper alloy shield pattern palstave; Crediton type. Broken blade and butt ends with worn down flanges. The remains of a raised edge, in the form of a shield can be seen below the stop ridge. The surface is heavily pitted and has a dark green patina with light green corrosion.



L. 162mm; W. (blade) 52mm; W. (butt) 20 mm; Th. (flange) 40mm; Wt. 525.15g Dimensions (millimetres/grams) L: length Th: thickness W: width Wt: weight



The two shield-pattern palstaves are not identical with this palstave having a more pointed and longer shield, indicating that they were cast in different moulds. Nonetheless, they are both Crediton type dating from the Acton Park metalwork phase (c.1500-1400 BC) (Needham 1996; Needham et al. 1997) and have been found in Cornwall in hoards such as Perranzabuloe, Truro and Veryan (Pearce 1983, 577-581, plates 16, 18-20).","Previous Entry



Cast copper alloy shield-pattern palstave with broken blade and butt ends and a damaged left flange. There is a raised edge, in the form of a shield, from the stop ridge below onto the top of the blade. The right side of the palstave, from the butt end to the blade end, retains the raised casting seam, but the left side is more corroded and has been marked with an incision, parallel to the remains of the casting seam, running the length of the side of the flange. The shiny surface within this etched line suggests that it is more recent damage that the palstave has sustained. The casting seams are off-centre, like the other palstave found nearby, but the shield shape is longer and more pointed, suggesting that the palstaves were made in different moulds. The surface of the palstave is quite pitted and has many raised circular lumps, which suggests that it has been in a suitably wet or corrosive environment to develop such areas of bronze disease. The palstave is 162 mm in length, the blade end is 52 mm wide and 10 mm thick and the butt end is 20 mm wide and 8 mm thick. The flanged area is 40 mm thick. Crediton type Acton Park phase Middle Bronze Age c.1450-1350 BC Needham (1998) illustrates a similar example on page 128, Fig.29, No.95, which is labelled Acton metalwork. Pearce (1983) illustates similar examples from Truro, Veryan, and Cornwall on pages 579-581, Plates 18-20, Nos.144a, 147b & 165, which are all Crediton types.",4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2007-10-03T23:00:00Z,2007-10-03T23:00:00Z,2007T630,,525.15,,,40,162,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Kew,SX0174,From a paper map,50.53184547,-4.80931622,CORN-90A647,,palstave 010.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave (detail),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/palstave 010.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/155456.jpg
198837,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1450,-1350,"Cast copper alloy shield pattern palstave; Crediton type. Broken blade and butt ends with worn down flanges with one missing. The remains of a raised edge, in the form of a shield can be seen below the stop ridge. The surface is heavily pitted and has a dark green patina that is encrusted with light green corrosion.


L. 156mm; W. (blade) 51mm; W. (butt) 26 mm; Th. (flange) 33mm; Wt. 450.3g


This was found with another shield pattern palstave, but they are not identical with this palstave having a rounded and shorter shield indicating that they were cast in different moulds. Nonetheless, they are both Crediton Type dating from the Acton Park metalwork phase (c.1500-1400 BC) (Needham 1996; Needham et al. 1997) and have been found in Cornwall at hoards such as Perranzabuloe, Truro and Veryan (Pearce 1983, 577-581, plates 16, 18-20).","Previous entry:











Cast copper alloy shield-pattern palstave or axe head with broken blade and butt ends and and worn down side flanges, apart from the left flange on one side. The remains of the raised edge, in the form of a shield, can be seen from the stop ridge below onto the top of the blade. The left side of the palstave, from the butt end to the blade end, retains the raised casting seam, but the left side is more corroded and there is only a small section of the casting seam remaining, running half of the length of the side of the flange. The casting seam is off-centre, like the other palstave found nearby, but the shield shape is shorter and more rounded, suggesting that the palstaves were made in different moulds. The surface of the palstave is very pitted and has many raised circular lumps, which suggests that it has been in a suitably wet or corrosive environment to develop such areas of bronze disease. The palstave is 156 mm in length, the blade end is 51 mm wide and 6 mm thick and the butt end is 26 mm wide and 9 mm thick. The flanged area is 33 mm thick. Crediton type Acton Park phase Middle Bronze Age c.1450-1350 BC Needham (1998) illustrates a similar example on page 128, Fig.29, No.94, which is labelled Acton metalwork. Pearce (1983) illustates similar examples from Perranzabuloe, Truro, Veryan, and Cornwall on pages 577-581, Plates 16, 18-20, Nos.125 144a, 147b & 165, which are all Crediton types.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2007-10-03T23:00:00Z,2007-10-03T23:00:00Z,2007T630,,450.3,,,33,156,2,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Kew,SX0174,From a paper map,50.53184547,-4.80931622,CORN-9155C2,,palstave 016.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave (detail),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/palstave 016.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/155460.jpg
198952,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A copper alloy flat axe dating from the Early Bronze Age period. The axe is 108.8mm long, 48.1mm wide and 12.6mm thick. It thickens in the middle and there are slight flanges, though not large enough to be of significant use. The cutting blade is curved and is wider than the rest of the axe. The butt is thin and tapers to a wide pointed end. The axe is badly pitted with active bronze disease and the thinner edges are chipped. Similar examples can be seen on page 165 and 166 of The National Museum of Wales's ""Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections"" (1980), particularly number 117 which is described as a chisel or flat axe but which is narrower and thinner than this example.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,,141.9,,,12.6,108.8,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Bassetlaw,Beckingham,SK7689,From a paper map,53.39237563,-0.85862604,SWYOR-9F6B31,,PAS 385 flat axe.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 385 flat axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/155452.jpg
199699,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-700,A Bronze Age awl. The tapering tang has a square section and the point is rounded in section.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,3.1,,,4.02,44.04,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,LEATHERHEAD,TQ1756,From a paper map,51.291123,-0.323471,SUR-471F73,,07.291.JPG,Bronze Age awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/07.291.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/156197.jpg
200185,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe of Southern English ribbed type, Class B (Type Welby) and of Ewart Park metalworking tradition, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7, c. 950 - 750BC.



The axe-head is complete, with an overall length of 105.4mm and a weight of 344.0g. The mouth of the axe is sub-rectangular, with internal dimensions of 31.1mm (depth) by 25.9mm (width). The sub-triangular socket has a depth of 75.4mm. No casting stubs are evident on the mouth but there are broken areas above each face, where the casting stubs may have been removed. Below the mouth (6.2mm beneath) is a prominent and well-defined mouth-moulding giving the axe a maximum depth of 43.5mm and width of 39.0mm. Beneath the moulding is a plain concave collar ending in a poorly-defined moulding, which appears as a slight step on the looped side. The loop begins immediately above the lower moulding and is of D-shaped section (5.6mm thick) with a width of 10.6mm, a length of 29.0mm and has a height of 11.6mm. The casting seams are clearly visible and have been neatly finished, but appear less well-finished above the loop. The sides are straight before they expand rapidly at the blade to produce a crescentric blade edge with a width of 52.3mm. Little of the original blade edge survives but the blade does not appear to be much worn. The axe has a rectangular body section, where the sides are slightly convex across their width. Both faces of the axe are decorated with three parallel ribs beginning at the lower moulding and continuing for 45mm. The face sides are also slightly enhanced to suggested further ribs. Rows of hammer marks are evident on the blade and sharpening striations are discernible running along the blade. The axe has good surface preservation with a mid-green patina. One face has a recent mark running as far as the blade which cuts the patina and was likely to have been caused during excavation. There is a black deposit surviving over large areas of the axe surface, confirmed by XRD analysis conducted by Mary Davis to be tenorite calcite, which is unlikely to be a natural corrosion product and was seemingly applied as a deliberate coating to the axe surface.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,344,,,,105.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU2737,,51.131644,-1.615515,NMGW-C51803,,20078.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/20078.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629402.jpg
200188,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-1900,"Early Bronze Age copper flat axe, of Type 2C or 2D (following Needham forthcoming) or probably of Type Ballybeg / Roseisle (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981) of Metalworking Assemblage I-II, corresponding with the earlier part of Needham's (1996) Period 2, dated to c. 2,300 - 1,900BC.



The axe-head is near-complete and has an overall length of 126.9mm and has a weight of 422.0g. The relatively broad butt appears slightly damaged and is convex with rounded shoulders and has a width of 34.2mm. The sides are straight across the thickness of the axe, giving the axe a rectangular body section. Across its length, the sides are concave and slightly curved. The blade is damaged and the blade tip to blade edge only survives on one side, and suggests a moderately-expanded blade edge. There is the suggestion of a poorly-preserved blade facet, beginning 4mm from the current blade edge. The axe has a maximum thickness of 14.2mm at a point 75mm from the butt. The axe has poor surface preservation and is heavily pitted with a mid-green patina. Where the surface is damaged the axe surface has a pale green colour and has areas of purple, where the damage is deepest. Analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the artefacts was carried out using aCamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The objects were examined whole within the specimen chamber and were analysed for 100 live seconds using a working distance of 35mm and an accelerating voltage of 20kV. All the results presented are semi-quantitative. The results demonstrated that the axe is pure copper, with no other elements detected. The axe has relatively advanced features within the copper axe sequence; the relatively broad butt and the axe being thicker nearer the blade, suggests affinities to Type Dunnottar (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 31), which are some of the earliest tin-bronze axes. The axe form suggests a chronological position towards the end of copper axe types, perhaps dated to approximately 2,200 - 2,00BC.",,4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,422,,,14.2,126.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Powys,Powys,Yscir,SO0029,From a paper map,51.950472,-3.456451,NMGW-C55A71,,20079.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/20079.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629404.jpg
200774,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Early Bronze Age bronze knife-dagger with midrib (Gerloff, 1975, p 168) The dagger is incomplete, missing some of the butt, areas of the blade edge and the tip. The dagger has a surviving length of 67.9mm and has a weight of 8.9g. The butt would have had two rivet-holes for hafting; the better preserved rivet hole has a diameter of 3.0mm. The butt has broken through both rivet-holes and the surviving area of the butt is straight and thin with a thickness of 0.5mm. The dagger has a maximum surviving width of 31.4mm. The midrib is widest at the butt (10mm) and gradually narrows with curved sides to the tip. The dagger has a maximum thickness of 2.0mm. Either side of the midrib the blade is gently concave before the blade facets. The blade facets have a width of 3.5mm. The blade edges were straight and convergent to the tip, producing a triangular form to the dagger. The dagger has good surface preservation with a dark green patina.","All Early Bronze Age knife-daggers recorded by Gerloff (1975, p170) were found associated with cremation burials beneath barrows within the Wessex Culture area. The findspot of this dagger, within 50m of one burial monument and 200m of another, suggests that the dagger deposition is related to the surrounding burial complex.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,3,2,67.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,West Overton,SU1367,From a paper map,51.401884,-1.814509,NMGW-567545,,2007181.jpg,Bronze Age knife dagger,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2007181.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629407.jpg
200990,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"A Bronze Age copper alloy awl.  The awl is square in section, one end is chisel-shaped and the other end pointed.

Dimensions: length 47.33mm; width 4.50mm; thickness 5.22mm; weight 3.79g",Found at the Oxfordshire Weekend Wanderers rally 02.09.07,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,,3.79,,,5.22,47.33,1,Paula Levick,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,SU4085,From a paper map,51.56246643,-1.42435679,BERK-816404,,TICKET 381 - Sun 02.09.07 - Bronze Age Awl.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/TICKET 381 - Sun 02.09.07 - Bronze Age Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/157633.jpg
201002,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,-2150,2000,"A blob of copper alloy created by the cooling of a drop of melted copper, possibly from metal working, probably the remains of an item melted in a fire. There appears to be the remains of some shaping to the top and a ring of golden material (possibly brass) on the bottom. The blob is flat on the bottom, domed on the top and circular; the surface is heavily pitted. It is 13.5mm long, 12.4mm wide, 2.8mm thick and weighs 2.4 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,2.4,,,2.8,13.5,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Hooe,TQ6708,From a paper map,50.84742,0.370875,SUSS-A967E7,,SUSS-A967E7.jpg,Bronze age - modern: Copper blob,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lburnett/SUSS-A967E7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/157457.jpg
201387,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Final Early Bronze Age bronze cast-flanged axe (Early Short-flanged axe) of Type Kirtomy (Schmidt & Burgess; 1981, p 82-83) , of Acton Park metalworking and corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 4 dated to 1700 - 1500BC. The axe is complete with an overall length of 136.4mm and has a weight of 380.3g. The butt is slightly convex and has a width of 24.5. The sides are straight and parallel as far as the blade. The axe may be seen as comparatively slender with a width of 27mm. The flanges are of sub-lozenge form and are highest near the start of the blade (45mm from the butt), with a height of 27.0mm. The flanges are convex and faceted across their height. The interior of the flanges are convex, making the septum narrowest at the point where the flanges are highest. There is no stop on the septum and the axe has a convex (lenticular) profile across its length. The blade face has a weak central bevel and no blade facet is discernible. The sides of the blade expand moderately and turn-out at the tips to produce a curved blade with a width of 57.3mm. The axe has areas of very good surface preservation with a dark green patina, in other areas the surface is pitted with azurite and pale green corrosion products.","Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 86) note that Type Kirtomy are difficult to date because of their comparatively plain form. Needham (1996, p 133) has also argued that his Period 4 saw a profusion of metalwork types produced under different traditions with the possibility of considerable overlap between the final Early Bronze Age and the earliest Middle Bronze Age.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,380.3,,,,136.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llancarfan,ST0769,From a paper map,51.412366,-3.338625,NMGW-D5E546,,2007201.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2007201.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629411.jpg
201432,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1700,410,Copper alloy casting jet.  The jet has a concave oval head with a single sprue extending from the centre beneath.  The sprue is rectangular in cross-section.  The surface of the jet is very worn and pitted.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.67,,,19.03,23.63,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Corby Glen,TF0125,From a paper map,52.813094,-0.50292,LIN-D742F2,,LIN6290.JPG,Copper alloy casting jet,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN6290.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/157486.jpg
201437,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1400,"Middle Bronze Age bronze unlooped palstave (Early Palstave Group II) of unusual form and probably of Early Midribbed type and of uncertain subtype, possibly of Type Liswerry (Schmidt & Burgess; 1981, p 125-127).



The palstave belongs to the Acton Park metalworking phase of the Middle Bronze Age, corresponding to the earlier part of Needham's (1996) Period 5, dated to 1500 - 1150BC. The palstave is complete and is comparatively short with a length of only 119.3mm and a weight of 301.2g. The butt is slightly concave and has a width of 22.8mm. The sides are straight and parallel as far as the stop, with a width at the stop of 28.5mm. The flanges begin from the septum and below the butt. The flanges are rounded across their length and reach a maximum height of 28.4mm before the stop (46mm from the butt). The sides are slightly concave across their height, turning inwards at the flange tops. The septum is straight and has a thickness of 9.3mm. The interior of the flanges and the stop are right angled to the septum. The axe has a thickness of 24.7mm at the stop and the stops have a depth of 8.8mm above the septum. While the flanged area of the axe is of normal length, the blade portion of the axe is unusually short with a length of 51mm. The sides of the blade diverge gently, before out-turning sharply at the blade tips and producing a curved blade edge with a width of 48.7mm. The original blade edge has been lost. The flanges continue along the blade face, forming short ribs (15mm long). The blade face has a central, poorly-defined rib, which is less deep than the height of the stop. Either side of the central rib are rounded depressions against the stop. The central rib forms a central bevel on the face and produces a convex profile across the width of the blade face. There is no discernible blade facet. The axe has poor surface survival and is pitted. Small areas of the original surface survive with a dark green patina, notably at the blade and over the septum. At the blade, sharpening striations are evident running perpendicular to the blade. The axe has recently been coated in an oily substance. It is now unclear whether the short blade is the result of deliberate manufacture, possibly for a specialised function or less likely, is the result of prolonged use and wear.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,301.2,,,24.7,119.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,,,,Llanharan,,,,,NMGW-D73AD4,,2007211.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2007211.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629544.jpg
201539,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
A late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead mouth with casting seam and moulded ridges.
",Found at the Oxfordshire Weekend Wanderers rally 02.09.07 - 03.09.07,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,,15.1,,,6.3,25.37,1,Rob Webley,Kate Sumnall,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Lockinge,SU4085,From a paper map,51.562466,-1.424357,BERK-D974E4,,,,,,,
201542,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,A fragment from a middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axe (1500-1150BC). The fragment is H-shaped in section. Dark green patination covers all surfaces indicating the object was broken in antiquity. Dimensions: length 24.13mm; width 20.32mm; thickness 4.75mm; weight 16.93g,Found at the Oxfordshire Weekend Wanderers rally 01.09.07 - 02.09.07,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,,16.93,,,4.75,24.13,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Lockinge,SU4084,From a paper map,51.553476,-1.42447,BERK-D983F3,,Dscn1268.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave Fragment,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/Dscn1268.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/176357.jpg
201599,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Early Bronze Age bronze cast-flanged axe of uncertain type, possibly a long-flanged axe of Type Balbirnie (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 70-72) , likely to be of Late Willerby or early Acton Park metalworking phase, corresponding to the earlier part of Needham's (1996) Period 4 (1700 - 1500 BC), perhaps dating to 1700 - 1600 BC.



The axehead is complete but has eroded considerably, and has an overall length of 122.7mm and a weight of 289.4g. The butt is straight and has a width of 23.0mm. The flanges begin from the septum, 11mm from the butt. The flanges are irregular, probably because of erosion, but are oval to lozenge in shape and appear higher on one face than the other. On one face, the flanges have a height of only 2.7mm and would suggest a developed flat axe; while the other face has flanges 6.4mm high indicating cast flanges. The flanges have a maximum depth of 20.4mm and are convex across the thickness of the axe. The sides are parallel and straight or slightly concave for the majority of the septum and begin to diverge at the position of the median bevel. There is no stopridge on the septum, but the septum gradually becomes thicker to a maximum of 12.7mm at 60mm from the butt at a barely discernible median bevel. The sides of the blade are divergent and produce a maximum surviving width at the blade edge of 48.7mm. It is now uncertain whether the irregular blade shape is because of wear or erosion. Both blade tips and the blade edge have been lost, but one side has the suggestion of a recurved blade. A blade facet is discernible on one of the faces, beginning a maximum of 13mm from the current blade edge. The surface of the axe appears poorly preserved with a pale to dark green colour and has recently been coated in a lacquer or vanish. The high flanges on one side indicate the axe to be cast-flanged, the absence of a stopridge suggest the axe is early in the development of this form and suggest Type Balbirnie as an earliest or transitional type of cast-flanged axe.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,289.4,,,12.7,122.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,Bridgend,Bridgend,Newcastle Higher,SS8883,From a paper map,51.53475898,-3.61615949,NMGW-E927F3,,200734.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/200734.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629545.jpg
201610,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"A complete Late Bronze Age socketed axe. The surface of the axe is in very fine condition with only a little iron staining and a small amount of green corrosion on the blade edge. 
The width of the blade is 46.06mm. The exterior width of the socket is 38.75mm. Internally the socket measures 28.63mm by 27.85mm.",The axe was recovered from woodland in a wet context. The reported depth at which the axe was found is c0.60m. It is possible that the deposition of the axe was intentional.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,101.25,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Pirbright,SU9456,From a paper map,51.29538,-0.653208,SUR-EA2DB7,,07.341.JPG,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/07.341.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/157193.jpg
201615,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-2050,"Early Bronze Age copper flat axe, probably of Type Migdale (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-36) or Needham's (forthcoming) Class 2D, and belonging to metalworking stage III, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 2 dated to 2300 - 2050BC.



The axe is broken and has lost the butt in antiquity, with a current surviving length of 67.8mm and weighs 195.1g. The axe has a width of 47.7mm and a thickness of 9.6mm at the break and is of sub rectangular section. One of the sides is comparatively straight, while the other side is concave and divergent to produce a moderately expanded blade edge. The blade has a width of 68.2mm. The surviving areas of the faces are concave and would have produced a lenticular profile across the length of the axe. The axe has poor surface preservation with areas of pale green patina on one face, elsewhere the surface is brown.","Analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the artefacts was carried out using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The objects were examined whole within the specimen chamber and were analysed for 100 live seconds using a working distance of 35mm and an accelerating voltage of 20kV. All the results presented are semi-quantitative. The results demonstrated that the axe is almost pure copper, but some arsenic was detected (99% Copper, 1% arsenic).",3,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,195.1,,,9.6,67.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,St. Nicholas and Bonvilston,ST0875,From a paper map,51.46646441,-3.32581167,NMGW-EA67F3,,200736.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/200736.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629546.jpg
201626,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age spear tip of uncertain type and date within the Bronze Age The spear is represented by the tip only, with a surviving length of 52.mm and a weight of 19.4g. The spearhead broke in antiquity and there is no socket evident on the fragment. The spear has a width of 20.4mm and a thickness of 8.2mm at the break. The spear had a prominent and comparatively wide rounded midrib (12mm wide at the break). The midrib alignment differs between faces, as is evident on the cross-section break. The sides of the spear are comparatively straight or slightly convex along the length of the fragment. Areas of the original survive with a deep brown patina and show a blade facet (2.5mm wide) and sharpening striations running along the blade. Elsewhere the current surface is pale green. The fragment is curved along its length, suggesting it was bent prior to breaking. The proportions of the fragment may suggest a heavier spearhead type, possibly a Late Bronze Age pegged spearhead with a flame-shaped blade.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,19.4,,,8.2,52,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9876,From a paper map,51.473737,-3.470011,NMGW-EAC9D1,,200737.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/200737.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629547.jpg
202094,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2000,410,"Possible fragment of casting waste.  The fragment is an irregular incomplete cylinder with a moulded wavey ridge on the exterior.  The surface grainy and pitted, and has patches of a light brown patina on the interior.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,24.14,,,4.94,37.5,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Folkingham,TF0733,From a paper map,52.883826,-0.411313,LIN-3EBEE4,,LIN6311.JPG,Copper alloy object,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN6311.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/157934.jpg
202726,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A copper alloy low flanged (broad blade) palstave dating from the Middle Bronze Age (1500-1150).  The transverse butt is slightly uneven and incomplete.  The septum is flat on both sides of the palstave. Flanges surround the septum, except at the butt.  These flanges increase in height towards the blade, with the zenith at the curved stop.  The protruding stop is positioned over a third of the way down the palstave.  There is a loop between the stop and the blade on one of the sides of the palstave.  There is some visible evidence of casting flashes running down the centre of both sides, but this is rather indistinct.  Below the stop the blade flares outwards towards the curved blade tips which are splayed. The blade has a heavily curved faceted/bevelled cutting edge.  Below the butt, and running approximately half way down the blade, is a decoration formed by a raised “V” with a raised sub-triangular design nested within. This points towards the blade.

The palstave has a dark brown patina. It is in very good condition other than a number of pitted areas of the surface, an incision on one side of the blade, and some damage to the cutting edge, blade tip, and butt.  The maximum dimensions of the Palstave are 138.5mm long, 66.6 mm wide at the blade, and 34.9mm wide across the butt. It is above the maximum weight of the scales used.

Building on work by Smith (1959), Schmidt and Burgess (1981, p128) identify a group of palstaves as Early Palstaves Group III: Low Flanged (Broad Blade) Palstaves.  These always have a broad blade, splaying to a fan shape, and wide at the edge.  The palstave described in this record appears to fit most closely within this category.  Furthermore, within Group III, this palstave appears to most closely fit into the Type Carleton.  These are looped low flanged palstaves with an expanded edge and protruding blade tips.  The decoration is usually a version of the trident pattern, either an all ribbed trident or a long rib bisecting a shield.  A similar example to the palstave described in this record is catalogue reference 829, in Schmidt and Burgess (1981, plate 60), although this has a more distinct midrib than the example described in this record.

Schmidt and Burgess (1981) argue that the Low Flanged (Broad Blade) palstaves were a logical development from the shield pattern and early midribbed palstaves which preceeded them. They also suggest that, based on evidence of hoards, the type were superseded by Smith’s (1959) transitional form.

The palstave fits within Needham’s Period 5 (Middle Bronze Age,1500-1150).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-06-20T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,34.2,138.5,1,Duncan Slarke,Duncan Slarke,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Newcastle-under-Lyme,Loggerheads,SJ7033,From finder,52.893604,-2.447362,WMID-835786,,WMID-835786.jpg,"Bronze Age Low flanged (broad blade) Palstave, Carleton type (probably) (front, profile, reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dslarke/WMID-835786.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/160872.jpg
203229,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-750,"Fragment of copper 'bun ingot' (or 'cake').  Plano-convex edge fragment.  Ingots such as this usually date to the Late Bronze Age, where they occur frequently in metalwork hoards.",The ingot weighs more than 200g.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-12-04T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,22.54,59.53,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Dover,Ash,TR2659,GPS (from the finder),51.285276,1.239576,KENT-FC2060,,PAK204-118.JPG,KENT-FC2060.  Bronze Age copper ingot.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/PAK204-118.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/170169.jpg
203426,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2150,1700,"A large lump of copper, it's rounded appearence suggests it has cooled from molton metal in a crucible or other mould. One side is almost flat, the top is domed and the sides rounded, it may originally have been oval as it appears to have been cut on one face, the cut is now worn. It may have been made on site or have been carried here for metal working.
It is difficult to give this item an exact date although study of the composition might help, a date of Bronze Age - post-medieval has thus been given although it is likely to sit within the earlier part of this range.
It is 38.8mm long, 38.7mm wide, 25.3mm thick and weighs 140 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-11-19T00:00:00Z,,,,140,,,25.3,38.8,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,South East,Kent,Ashford,Wittersham,TQ8727,GPS (from the finder),51.011976,0.664405,SUSS-14E8A7,,SUSS-14E8A7.JPG,Bronze Age - Medieval: lump of copper,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lburnett/SUSS-14E8A7.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/165559.jpg
203877,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A copper alloy Middle Bronze Age flanged axe or palstave. It has a shield-shaped depression on the blade beneath the stop on both faces. It has a raised rounded stop ridge between the flanges which are quite high, giving a roughly diamond shape to the side of the body of the palstave. The butt end is missing. The cutting edge is crescent shaped. The casting spur is visible on both sides. The axe is 140.4mm long, 55.1mm wide and 35.6mm thick. It probably belongs to the Acton Park period of metalworking (Needham 2004 unpub.) and dates from between 1500BC and 1150BC. There is a hole in the stop, between the flanges which may suggest that the axehead is hollow. The axe is suffering from serious corrosion and pitting, but has a glossy deep green patina where it is not damaged. Similar axes can be seen on the PAS database. One example is SOM-1E8616.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-10-14T23:00:00Z,2003-10-14T23:00:00Z,,,396,,,35.6,140.4,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,Airedale and Ferry Fryston,SE4524,From a paper map,53.71048992,-1.31971117,SWYOR-8FDF87,,PAS 404 palstave.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 404 palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/159784.jpg
204179,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1120,"Middle Bronze Age bronze socketed spearhead of Greenwell and Brewis (1909) Class IV side-looped (socket -looped) type, or Davis' (2012) Type 6C Developed side-looped, probably of Taunton-Penard metalworking phases, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 5, c. 1500 - 1150BC.



The spearhead is incomplete and fragmentary, with a combined surviving length of 135.0mm and a combined weight of 39.6g. The lower of the three fragments would have been near the original socket rim and would have had a diameter of approximately 15mm. The sides of the socket are straight and converge towards the blade. The lower socket fragment was bent outwards prior to breaking. The loops have flat tops and begin 21.5mm from the current base, with lengths of 15.6mm and 17.0mm (3.3mm and 3.9mm internal). The casting flashes are evident on both sides and have been neatly finished. The blade is leaf-shaped and is slender with a maximum surviving width near its base of 19.5mm. The blade edges are straight and blade facets are discernible. The central rib is slender and comparatively high, producing a concave-sided lozenge blade profile. The tip of the spearhead has been lost. The surface of the spearhead is well-preserved with a dark-brown patina.","This spearhead has been published by Davis (2012, No.391) and classed within his Type 6C Developed side-looped (Flame, flat blade, narrow plates). Davis (2012, 82f.) lists 131 of this type of spearhead from Britain, with concentrations around the Thames Valley, East Anglia, Wessex and the east Midlands, and scattered distribution in Wales and Scotland. Another Type 6C spearhead was recovered from Llaneugrad, Isle of Anglesey (Davis 2012, No.414).



Davis notes almost 500 Group 6 spearheads from across Britain dating to the Middle Bronze Age, which have a broad distribution. Davis' spearhead sub-types 6A, 6B and 6C are particularly prevalent across Wales, all of which have 'flame-shaped' blades.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,39.6,,,,135,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,Gwynedd,Gwynedd,Caernarfon,SH5064,From a paper map,53.151952,-4.244556,NMGW-A67EA6,,2007.61.1.JPG,Spearhead,,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.61.1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/159879.jpg
204632,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Cast copper alloy axe head dating to the Early Bronze Age.  The object is a flanged axe with a slightly flared body, the narrowest point being at the butt.  The cutting edge is curved and shows traces of hammering.  There is no trace of a stop ridge.  Similar objects are known from Arreton Down and Willerby.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-08-24T23:00:00Z,2007-08-26T23:00:00Z,,,,,,12.38,107.72,1,Beth Echtenacher,Beth Echtenacher,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Snape with Thorp,SE2683,,54.242039,-1.602546,YORYM-B87404,,snape2007big 290.jpg,YORYM-B87404 Early Bronze Age flanged axe,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bethe/snape2007big 290.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/160132.jpg
204652,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-800,"Late Bronze Age spearhead or dagger cast in copper alloy.  The object is socketed; the core of the socket is filled with earth.  The blade is lozenge-shaped in section, with an ovoid-sectioned socket.  There is a small step between the socket and the blade.  Located on the socket, below the base of either of the cutting edges are perforations 6.2mm in diameter.  The thickness of the metal of the socket is 1.8mm.  The object resembles a Donington on Bain type spearhead.  Also, see the Thorndon class knives from the Petters hoard.  A second piece of this object was located 4 meters away from the main part.  This fragment fits onto the damaged socket.  It measures 29.48mm long, 41.4mm wide, 1.98mm in thickness and weighs 4.94g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-08-24T23:00:00Z,2007-08-26T23:00:00Z,,,,,,9.43,124.57,1,Kevin Leahy,Beth Echtenacher,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Snape with Thorp,SE2683,,54.242039,-1.602546,YORYM-BB2DF6,,snape2007big 269.jpg,YORYM-BB2DF6 Late Bronze spearhead or dagger,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bethe/snape2007big 269.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/160170.jpg
205403,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,,,"Miniature copper alloy axe of Late Bronze Age to Romano-British date (c. 1200 BC -AD 400) and of Robinson's (1988, p61) type 1 or possibly 2. The axe head is complete, with an overall length of 22.1mm and a weight of 4.4g. The butt is sub-rectangular and convex (8.2mm x 4.9mm), at the centre is a small oval depression (3.9mm long, 1.9mm wide, 0.9mm deep) representing the socket of a socketed axe, similar to Late Bronze Age forms. The unlooped side is slightly concave and is rounded across its thickness. The loped side is more concave. The loop begins 4.6mm from the butt and end 9.4mm from the butt. The loop has a circular internal perforation with a diameter of 2.0mm. The loop is of D-shaped section with a thickness of 1.8mm and a width of 3.2mm. It was possible that the axe was suspended from the loop as a pendant or similar. The blade edge is straight with rounded blade tips. The axe has a wedge-shaped profile and both faces are plain. The surface is well preserved with pale to dark green patina.","Metallurgical analysis was attempted using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). This object has a fine, even patination, and it was not possible to analyse the underlying metal. The results show a leaded bronze, which would be consistent with LBA compositions, but a Roman date could not be rules out by the analysis. Miniature axes have a largely south west England distribution with a concentration in Wiltshire; Robinson catalogues 36 examples from the county (ibid). The axes are problematic to date because of a lack of reliable contextual information. The creation of a cast socket would seem to suggest a Late Bronze Age date and miniature axes have been found near midden sites such as Whitchurch in Warwickshire (Waddington pers comm.) and from Potterne in Wiltshire. Robinson (1988, p 61) speculates that Late Bronze Age axes may have been venerated and copied as amulates into the Roman period.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1988-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,4.4,,,,22.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Bishopstone,SU2381,From a paper map,51.527448,-1.669852,NMGW-48B6E7,,2007.75.JPG,Copper Alloy Axe,,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.75.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/161077.jpg
205443,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"Late Bronze Age copper plano-convex ingot probably of Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industry, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Periods 7 to 8, c. 950 - 500BC The ingot is represented by approximately quarter of the original and has been roughly broken. The ingot would have had a diameter of 110mm and the quarter ingot has a weight of 1,140.2g, indicating an approximate weight of 4,560g for the whole ingot. This would imply a comparatively large ingot. The surface of the metal is corroded and has a pale green patina with areas of red-brown surface.","Analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the artefact was carried out using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Analysis was able to confirm that the ingot is of pure copper with no minor elements detected. The ingot was said to have been found with another fragment of similar size but both were initially not recognised as artefacts and discarded. The copper composition is of interest since it strengthens the argument for founders having precise control over metal composition in the Late Bronze Age rather than continued recycling leading to Copper ingot are generally associated with Ewart Park metalworking (Cunliffe 1988 ) although they have been found with Llyn Fawr. Ingot fragments associated with Ewart Park metalwork are more typically c. 25-250g. A copper ingot from a Ewart Park hoard found at Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan (Gwilt & Lodwick, in preparation), which is approximately 80% complete, weighed 212g.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,1140.2,,110,,,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,St. Nicholas and Bonvilston,ST0974,From a paper map,51.457637,-3.311162,NMGW-4AF877,,2007.77.JPG,Late Bronze Age Copper Plano-convex Ingot,,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.77.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/161109.jpg
205475,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age bronze spearhead fragment of uncertain type and probably from a socketed spearhead of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 750 BC The spearhead is represented by a tip fragment with a surviving length of 44.2mm and a weight of 14.9g. The fragment has a maximum surviving width and thickness at the break of 17.0mm and 9.1mm respectively. The spearhead has a prominent rounded midrib (6.9mm wide and 1.9mm high at the break) which narrows towards the tip. The better preserved side has blade facets with a width of 2.5mm. Deep striations along the blade facets may be the result of sharpening. The blade facets are curved suggesting the spearhead would have had a rounded leaf-shaped blade. The spearhead fragment has generally good surface preservation with a dark green patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,14.9,,,9.1,44.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Woolaston,,,,,NMGW-4C20B4,,2007.80.1.JPG,"Bronze Age, Spearhead",,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.80.1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/161150.jpg
205855,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age base-metal group from Maulden, Bedfordshire Treasure case: 2006 T260 Circumstances of discovery Two objects of prehistoric bronze metalwork were found by [ ] whilst metal-detecting on formerly ploughed pasture land in Maulden, Bedfordshire on 23rd April and 7th May 2006. One of the objects is comprised of two fragments though the proximity of their discovery is not clear. Description 1. Rapier/Dirk fragment. Part of the blade and hilt. The blade expands progressively towards the hilt. Broad central single rib on either face. The blade edge is corrosion damaged, slightly pocked and has a light green patina. L: 59.0mm; W. blade 16.0mm tapering to hilt 29.0mm; Wt: 18.0g. 2. Rapier/Dirk fragment. Part of the blade. Broad central single rib on either face. The blade edge is corrosion damaged, scratched, slightly pocked and has a light green patina. L: 48.5mm; W: 12.0-10.5mm; Wt: 11.6g. 3. Rapier/Dirk fragment. Part of a narrow tapering blade. The blade edge is corrosion damaged, scratched, chipped down the blade edge, slightly pocked on the blade face and has a light green patina. L: 91.0mm; W: 15.0 tapering to 4.0mm; Wt: 29.1g. Dimensions (millimetres/grams) L: length W: width Wt: weight Discussion The two Rapier/Dirk fragments represented by the joining fragments (nos. 1-2) can be dated to the c. 1500-1100 BC when these objects were in circulation. The lack of diagnostic features means that further chronological resolution through typology is not possible. Conclusion Though contextual details are sparse, it is probable that these objects formed a single original deposit or hoard dispersed through the actions of the plough seems very likely. This material is eligible as Treasure under the new Treasure Order (2002) being a base-metal prehistoric find containing two or more metal objects. Ben Roberts 25th January 2007 Curator of European Bronze Age British Museum Great Russell Street London WC1B 3DG",TVC recommended valuation: £30,4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2006T260,,,,,,,2,Ben Roberts,Angie Bolton,,,,MAULDEN,,,,,WAW-793C86,,WAW-793C86.jpg,Bronze Age: rapiers or durks (plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-793C86.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/162424.jpg
206229,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
The tip of a slender blade, perhaps from a spear or a rapier of Bronze Age date. The blade is thicker in the middle and tapers to the blade.
","
No photograph is available.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,3.14,30.53,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Greywell,SU7150,From a paper map,51.244765,-0.984206,SUR-DFDA73,,,,,,,
206750,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,-700,"This is a late Bronze Age socketed axehead in copper alloy. The axehead is wedge shaped with an oval socket. There are three raised ribs to both sides, running down from the mouth moulding and extending half of the way down the face, towards the cutting edge. The socket has a clear rectangular shape at its base formed by the mould. The axehead has a fixing loop to one side, just below the Mouth moulding. The cutting edge has a pronounced flare to each blade tip. The axehead shows signs of use with chipping to the cutting edge and there is a small piece of one blade tip area missing. The overall patina is of a dark bronze colouration with evidence of a fine surface finish remaining on one side. The axe is well cast and has a black surface finish noted between the ribs, this finish is thought to have been deliberately applied. The axe head has the style of the Breidden Hill group of axes which in turn, fits within the Ewart Park phase c 800-700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-08-28T23:00:00Z,,,,290,,,36,115,1,Jeff Spencer,Rod Trevaskus,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Cockshutt,SJ4229,From finder,52.855354,-2.862799,CPAT-36A1F2,,2456-0036r.jpg,Late Bronze Age Axehead,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2456-0036r.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/162501.jpg
206933,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a socketed spearhead, probably from the middle bronze age (1500BC to 1150BC).



The fragment has lozenge-section midrib which tapers towards the tip, which is missing. The fragment is also broken across the socket, with a maximum remaining socket depth of approximately 7.5mm. In section the thin wings are triangular rather than being entirely flat. The wings terminate towards the base of the fragment, approximately where the socket ends. In plan the wings are broadly leaf shaped, although it must be emphasised that they are incomplete and the cutting edges are missing.



The maximum dimensions of the fragment are 69.6mm long, 20.0mm wide, and 12.7mm thick. It weighs 27.06g.



The fragment has a well developed brown patina, and where this is missing, particularly on the edges of the fragment, the surface has a more dull green/brown appearance.



Ehrenberg (1977, p4) states that bronze spearheads first seem to occur in Britain in the final phase of the Early Bronze Age, when three forms were current: the tanged spearhead; the pegged early socketed spearhead; and the end-looped spearhead. The fragment recorded here is unlikely to fit into one of these categories. The tanged spearhead is not socketed unlike the fragment recorded here. The pegged early socketed and end-looped spearheads have a socket divided from the blade by the curving or V-shaped line of the base of the blade moulding (see Ehrenberg, 1977, p4). The most common and widespread form of spearhead from the late bronze age is the plain pegged spearhead (see Ehrenberg, 1977, p13-15). In most cases the socket has a circular external as well as internal section, unlike the example recorded here. The barbed spearhead, also of the late BA tends to have a narrow ovate midrib, again, unlike the fragment recorded here (see Ehrenberg, 1977, p15). Rather, this fragment is most likely to represent one of the main types of spearhead current in the middle bronze age - kite bladed, side-looped, or basal looped (see Ehrenberg, 1977, p6-12). These types may have lozenge midrib sections, as in the fragment recorded here, with the socket extending beyond the blade. However, as the majority of the object is missing, which would have the diagnostic features, the identification and dating cannot be narrowed down further.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-07-31T23:00:00Z,2007-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,27.06,,,12.7,69.6,1,Duncan Slarke,Duncan Slarke,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,"Lapley, Stretton and Wheaton Aston",SJ8713,From a paper map,52.714499,-2.193876,WMID-50CAF3,,Lyon BA spear 2 jan 08 copy.jpg,"Bronze Age spear (front, profile, reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dslarke/Lyon BA spear 2 jan 08 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/162737.jpg
206934,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete bronze age copper alloy tanged knife. The external edges of the tang are incomplete. There is a circular rivet hole in the tang, approximately 4mm in diameter, which is also incomplete. There are striations across one side of the tang, transverse to the orientation of the blade. In profile, the tang expands in thickness towards the blade. There are curved incisions at the edges of the knife, between the tang and the blade, visible when the object is viewed in plan. A midrib runs down both sides of the blade, flanked by shallow and uneven voids. The blade is broadly lozenge shaped in section, becoming more lentoid towards the broken tip. The blade surface is rather uneven with depressions, particularly at either side of the midrib, which are probably hammer marks. There are also narrow shallow striations. The cutting edges and the blade tip are missing. The maximum dimensions of the knife are 53.2mm long, 18.9mm wide and 3.4mm thick (just above the break on the blade). The knife weighs 11.72g. It has light to dark green patina. The knife is similar to one illustrated in ""Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum"" (Moore and Rowlands, 1972, accession number 169/1946, plate XVI, no 88 and p.66) possibly from the Wyle Valley. This object has not been dated. A knife from the Reach Fen Hoard, Cambridgeshire is also similar (Ashmolean Museum accession number 1927.2466, see Smith (ed.) 1956, card GB. 17 3 (3), object 43). The Reach Fen Hoard has been dated to the 8th century BC (within the Late Bronze Age) (see Smith (ed.) 1956, card GB. 17 3 (1)) A number of broadly similar knives have been recorded under the Portable Antiquities Scheme (e.g. see NCL-F3D0E3, BH-C79921, LVPL656, BH-9EC2B8). Where dates have been suggested, these are generally Middle Bronze Age (1500BC to 1150BC) to Late Bronze Age (1150BC to 800BC), and this is the most likely date range for this object.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-11-28T00:00:00Z,,,,11.72,,,3.4,53.2,1,Duncan Slarke,Duncan Slarke,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard,SJ8210,From finder,52.687387,-2.267724,WMID-50DF97,,ba blade jan 08 copy.jpg,"Bronze age blade (front, profile, reverse",,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dslarke/ba blade jan 08 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/162736.jpg
206943,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"
A fragment of a late bronze-age socketed axehead comprising part of the curved cutting edge of the axe with the very base of the socket also surviving. The break looks to have occurred in antiquity as all edges are smooth and well worn, no traces of the original surface survive. The artefact is a pale green-grey colour overall.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-09-22T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,12,19,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Powys,Powys,Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant,SJ1226,From finder,52.82431924,-3.30741178,CPAT-593007,,2456-0043r.jpg,Bronze Age Axehead fragment,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2456-0043r.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/162739.jpg
207208,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"Bronze Age spear; tip fragment of cast copper alloy socketed spearhead of probable middle or late Bronze Age date (c. 1400 - 800 BC). The fragment is approximately the last 6cm of the spear. It has a narrow, prominent midrib with a sharply-humped, oval cross section. The broken end of the spear tip shows that there is a circular hole, somewhat off-centre of the midribs, indicating that this was a socketed spearhead and therefore of a later date than the solid, tanged spearheads. The blade wings are thin and quite narrow with a small edge bevel. In profile they flare from the tip with a straight, narrow shape indicating that this spearhead was more likely to be triangular-bladed than with a leaf-shaped blade. The whole has an even, tactile, dark red-brown patina over its surface. Much of the original surface remains. Length 58.3mm, width 23.5mm, thickness (midrib at point of break) 9.9mm, weight 21.96g Ref: See, for instance, Adkins' ""Thesaurus of British Archaeology"", page 58 which illustrates a triangular-bladed basal looped spearhead from the Penard phase, c. 1300 - 1150 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-12-03T00:00:00Z,,,,21.96,,,9.9,58.3,1,Anja Rohde,Anja Rohde,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Fenton,SK8576,From a paper map,53.274182,-0.726808,DENO-75BDE2,,E5910 spear.jpg,Bronze Age spear tip,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arohde/E5910 spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/163058.jpg
207286,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,,,"This is an interesting fragment, possibly mimicking a prehistoric axe head in lead alloy.  The fragment’s form has the general shape of a Neolithic stone axe head with evidence of some working to the blade area.

As it is made from a lead alloy, it may date anywhere from the Bronze Age, through to the Roman occupation.  Given that diminutive size of the piece, it may have been used as an amulet or votive offering.
",,4,Lead Alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,28.5,,,9,34,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Malpas,,,,,CPAT-864898,,2456-0039r.jpg,Bronze Age Votive Axe head Possibly,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2456-0039r.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/163116.jpg
207765,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2150,42,"Cast copper alloy ring, probably a harness or suspension loop. The ring is circular in section and decorated with two transverse grooves of the outside. The remains of a casting seam can be seen on the inside, but this has mostly been polished away. It has a external diameter of 15.8mm and an internal diameter of 8.7mm. The hole is slightly off centre and the wider side is also thicker; at the maximum point the side is 4.5mm wide by 4.8mm thick and at the minimum point it is 2.6mm wide by 3.3mm thick. It weighs 3.4 grams.
Although Bronze Age-Roman cast copper alloy beads with similar transverse grooves are known the distinct and apparently deliberate difference between the two sides may suggest this is a suspension or harness loop rather than a bead. The dark green patina supports a late Bronze Age - late Iron Age date range.
WILT-70F237, WILT-50C040 and SUSS-C8CF13 all provide possible parallels.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,3.4,,15.8,4.8,,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,South East,East Sussex,Lewes,Firle,TQ4806,GPS (from the finder),50.834616,0.100378,SUSS-F2DF27,,SUSS-F2DF27.JPG,Bronze age handle loop,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lburnett/SUSS-F2DF27.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164148.jpg
208487,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"A fragment of copper alloy casting waste. The fragment has undulating original edges and more recently broken edges which reveal voids within the waste. The original edges are rounded whereas the broken edge is quite angular and is a fresh break. The surfaces of the fragment are slightly undulating with one face having traces of a heavy patina and a turquoise/blue corrosion product. The other face has patches of a mid green patina. It weighs 62.5g and measures 59.7mm long and 34.56mm wide. 

The date is uncertain, but the turquoise/blue corrosion product has been seen only on Bronze Age material from this area, so is perhaps of a Bronze Age date. The site it has been found on is a late Bronze Age/early Iron Age midden site which elsewhere (Whitchurch, Warwickshire) has produced evidence for metal working (Parkhouse pers comm.).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-06-28T23:00:00Z,,,,62.5,,,,59.7,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP3141,GPS (from the finder),52.066511,-1.549192,WAW-5FD941,,WAW-5FD941.jpg,Possibly Bronze Age casting waste (plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-5FD941.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/165162.jpg
208910,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1275,"Prehistoric bronze metalwork fragments. These items were considered under the Treasure Act (1996). Please see the Treasure report below for further details.


A Middle Bronze Age base-metal group from Ottery St Mary, Devon Treasure case: 2006 T36. Three objects of prehistoric bronze metalwork were found dispersed over a small area measuring approximately 15 x 10m. In addition, a further artefact was discovered in an adjoining field and was reported as part of this potential treasure case.


1. Looped palstave, fragment. Complete blade with part of loop. The blade expands progressively towards the convex cutting edge. Defined edge bevels on both faces, 11-12.2mm from current cutting edge. Broad central single rib on either face. The loop is incomplete, areas of the flange are missing close to the junction with the blade and the end of the butt is damaged. The blade edge is corrosion damaged and there is a small, semi-circular piece missing from the centre of the blade edge. The lower blade is slightly pocked and has patches of pale green corrosion. Mid-green, dull patina. L: 90.6mm; W. blade edge: 58.7mm; Wt: 263.9g.


2. Looped palstave, fragment. Butt end, joins with no.1, above. Trace of looped handle. Casting flashes removed. Dull dark grown patina with patches of iron corrosion and a white concretion inside the flange on one side. Incomplete at butt end and corrosion-reduced flange crests. L: 63.65mm; W: 24.95mm; L. septum: 56.8mm; D. flanges: 35.95mm; Wt: 94.3g. Flange sides are short and would originally have been petal-shaped with a flat edge level with the butt.


3. Casting jet, copper-alloy. In plan, at the top it is sub-lenticular with one pointed end and the other slightly distorted and with a rounded extension. Casting seams on two sides. There is an oblong 'scar' left from the runner (18.4mm long and 6.35mm wide). Upper surface has a constriction on surface and a slight concavity with a copper-alloy concretion at the centre. Dull, dark almost black patina, with small patches of green, copper alloy corrosion. L: 41mm; W: 27.5mm; Th: 22.48mm; Wt: 83.4g. Dimensions (millimetres/grams) L: length W: width B: breadth Th: thickness D: diameter Wt: weight


Discussion The palstave, represented by the joining fragments (nos. 1-2) is of a standard type for the Middle Bronze Age and specifically the Taunton phase, circa 1400 - 1275 BC which is widely distributed from sites in the South-West . No. 3 is of particular interest since casting jets dating to the Middle Bronze Age are unusual finds.


Conclusion The Middle Bronze Age scatter of bronze/copper metalwork represented by the palstave and casting was found over an area of approximately 15 x 10m. A single original deposit or hoard dispersed through the actions of the plough seems very likely. This material is eligible as Treasure under the new Treasure Order (2002) being a base-metal prehistoric find containing two or more metal objects. This hoard constitutes an important addition to our knowledge of the Middle Bronze Age period in the south-west of Britain. Additional find, also reported: Tanged knife, fragment. Flat, thin-walled blade with corrosion damage on all edges. At base of the handle there are two short, linear mouldings projecting from either side. Part of edge bevel is evident on one side. L: 87.28mm; W: 6.2-17.9mm; Th: 2.35-3.3mm; Wt: 14.3g. The tanged knife fragment is datable to the Late Bronze Age and specifically the Ewart Park phase, 1000-800 BC. As such, and as the tanged knife fragment (no.4) was found approximately 50m from the group represented by nos. 1-3, it can not be considered as part of the group of Middle Bronze Age artefacts (nos. 1-3). Sally Worrell Prehistoric and Roman Finds Adviser",TVC recommended valuation: £75,3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2005-11-28T00:00:00Z,2005-12-05T00:00:00Z,2006T36,,,,,,,3,Sally Worrell,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,East Devon,Ottery St. Mary,SY0898,From a paper map,50.774259,-3.306139,DEV-89AC96,,DEV-89AC96 2006T36 Bronze Age hoard.jpg,DEV-89AC96 2006 T36 Bronze Age hoard,Exeter City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV-89AC96 2006T36 Bronze Age hoard.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/208324.jpg
208993,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper alloy awl of uncertain date, possibly Late Bronze Age The awl is of tanged form and is complete with a distorted tang. The awl has a weight of 17.0g and has a distorted length of 77.6mm, originally having been approximately 98mm long. The tang had an undistorted length of 62mm and is of rectangular section (8.7mm x 5.8mm at the base of the tang) and gradually tapers to a point. There is no collar or moulding between the tang and the point. The point of the awl has a length of 36.2mm and is of circular section (11.1mm diameter at the apex), gradually thinning to the point. The awl has generally poor surface preservation with a pale to mid-green patina. The awl is difficult to date on form, the patina may suggest some age to the tool although the form is difficult to closely parallel with later Bronze Age types which tend to be slighter and have square sectioned points. Iron Age and later awls are generally made in iron.



Late Bronze Age types with inset tangs are known from across Britain (WAW-90E4D6; DOR-A9EBD3; SUR-14DC71) and it is likely this object falls within that technological phase.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,17,,,,77.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,,,,,NMGW-9CB1D2,,2007.112.2.JPG,Copper Alloy Awl,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.112.2.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/164696.jpg
209599,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age bronze sword fragment of Ewart Park type, belonging to the Ewart Park metalworking Industry, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7, c. 950 - 750BC.



The sword is fragmentary and comprises the base of the hilt and top of the blade, with a surviving length of 97.2mm and a weight of 81.0g. The upper break is across the hilt with a width of 20.7mm and a thickness of 4.8mm and with no evidence for a rivet slot before the break. The sword has a surviving width across the shoulder of 38.8mm (7.8mm thickness). Two opposing rivet holes survive on the shoulder (one damaged) with a diameter of 3.7mm. The blade has a surviving length of 62mm with none of the blade edge surviving. The blade has a subtle rounded midrib, flanked by concave grooves (6mm wide). The midrib converges on the hilt, near the position of the break. The blade has a width and thickness at the break of 23.9mm and 5.3mm respectively. The surface is fairly well-preserved with a pale-green patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,81,,,7.8,97.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llanharry,ST0080,From a paper map,51.510049,-3.442359,NMGW-2C4A02,,2007.119.1.JPG,Late Bronze Age Sword,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.119.1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/165425.jpg
209600,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged and collared chisel, c.1150-700 BC.



The chisel is likely to have a broken tang and has a surviving length of 53.2mm and weighs 36.6g. The tang has a surviving length of 15.6mm and is of rectangular section, which diverges towards the prominent collar (12 x 9mm at the collar). At the collar the chisel has a width of 19.9mm and a thickness of 12.2mm. The chisel blade thins and narrows below the collar, to a minimum width of 16.4mm. The sides of the blade are concave to produce an expanded blade edge with a surviving width of 35.0mm. The chisel has a pale green to brown patina with some surface survival and has active bronze corrosion. Deep surface striations on one face appear to be beneath the patina and may have occurred in antiquity.","Tanged and collared chisels typically date from the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (Llyn Fawr period). An example dating to the Wilburton/Wallington phase is known from Doncaster, Yorkshire (Burgess 1968, 19, fig 7,2; Burgess, Coombs and Davies, 1972, 217), though the main currency is during the Ewart Park phase (c.900-700 BC) into the subsequent Llyn Fawr period (c.700-600 BC).



Tanged and collared chisels have a broad distribution across northern France, Britain and Ireland (see Coffyn et al. 1981, 202-203, Carte 7), though there are relatively few examples from western England and Wales. A very similar example with a thick collar and triangular blade can be seen in the large Ewart Park phase Nottingham Hill hoard, Gloucestershire (Gingell 1974, 308, fig 4,22), as well as a single find from Leigh Woods, Bristol (MacGregor 1987, 109, 11.65). Another example was found at Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No 288.3) associated with a socketed gouge and a fragmentary Hallstatt 'C' sword.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,36.6,,,12.2,53.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llanharry,ST0080,From a paper map,51.510049,-3.442359,NMGW-2C69D1,,2007.119.2.JPG,Late Bronze Age Tanged Chisel,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.119.2.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/165426.jpg
209617,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged chisel, c.1150-700 BC.



The chisel is fragmentary and eroded, represented by the blade and the remnants of the tang, with a surviving length of 37.2mm and weighs 7.5g. The tang has a surviving length of 15mm and is eroded, but is likely to originally have been of rectangular section with straight sides. The chisel has a maximum thickness at the top of the blade of 5.3mm. No lugs or collar are discernible between the blade and tang. The blade has straight sides diverging towards the blade edge, areas of surviving surface on the sides of the tang and blade demonstrate that the blade diverges sharply from the tang. The blade has a surviving width of 19.3mm with a curved blade edge. The chisel has patches of original surface surviving with a mid-brown patina; elsewhere the chisel has a pale green surface.","Tanged chisels have been found associated with palstaves (eg. at Priory Farm Cave, Pembrokeshire and at Doncaster, Yorkshire ) dating to the end of the Middle Bronze Age; these forms tend to have a longer blade with straight sides. Short bladed chisels with sharply divergent sides tend to have been found associated with Late Bronze Age metalwork and are often associated with Ewart Park metalworking, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7, dating to c. 950-750BC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,7.5,,,5.3,37.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Wenvoe,ST0869,From a paper map,51.41253,-3.32425,NMGW-2D78C6,,2007.120.JPG,Chisel,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.120.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/165434.jpg
210639,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1700,"An incomplete Early Bronze Age cast copper alloy developed flat axe. The axehead is 107.8 mm long, with a transverse butt, approximately 21mm wide, and a body which gently expands in width towards the blade. There is a broadly straight transverse bevel visible approximately half way down one side of the axehead. The other side has a less complete surface, and no bevel is visible. The axehead has gentle pointed-oval shaped flanges at the edges of the body, which are concave in section, and are cast or hammered. The flanges are slightly thicker than the body of the axe, and are a maximum of 13.7mm thick approximately half way down body of the axehead. In section, the axehead has broadly flat sides which curve up at the edges towards the concave flanges. The blade is splayed, one side more markedly than the other, with a maximum width of 51.5mm. The blade has a curved cutting edge. The axehead weighs 213g. The surface of the axehead has a dark brown patina, but this is incomplete in parts. Where the dark brown patina is incomplete, there is a light green pitted surface. No decoration is visible on the axehead. Schmidt and Burgess (1981, p.59) trace the development of the flat axe in Britain and Ireland. They identify the trend, ""...from broad, simple, triangular forms with splaying sides and flat, even slightly convex, unembelleshed faces, to increasingly narrow forms, with ever-straighter sides that diverge less and less, approaching and even attaining, the parallel sided form typical of flanged axes. The trend is towards slightly dished faces, the edges of the faces are worked up into slight flanges, and a median bevel is an increasingly common feature. Decoration...becomes a commonplace..."" Schmidt and Burgess (ibid.) explain that these developments were in part a function of changing hafting methods - the knee handle, with forked angled end required a narrower shape to fit snugly between the prongs of the fork. Furthermore, dished faces and raised edges made the seating more secure, and the median bevel reduced the tendency of the axe to be driven up into the fork. The axehead described in this record is similar to axe reference 361 identified by Schmidt and Burgess (ibid. plate 31 and p66). This is a developed flat axe of type Bandon. Schmidt and Burgess (ibid, p65) state that: ""Bandon axes are notably smaller than other advanced flat axes, usually under 130mm in length. They have straight, parallel or near parallel sides which curve out suddenly just above the blade to a widely expanded crescentic cutting edge. The butt tends to be fairly straight often with square corners. Raised edges or dished faces are usually present...A median bevel is usual..."" They add that decoration is characteristic of Irish examples in particular, and they show a trend towards proportionately thicker and shorter forms, having much in common with true flanged axes. The developed flat axe is within Needham's (1996) period 3 (2050-1700BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-06-25T23:00:00Z,,,,213,,,13.7,107.8,1,Duncan Slarke,Duncan Slarke,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Cannock Chase,Norton Canes,SK0304,From a paper map,52.633744,-1.957108,WMID-143A14,,Flat axe copy 31 1 08.jpg,"Bronze Age Developed Flat Axe (front, profile, reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dslarke/Flat axe copy 31 1 08.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/166410.jpg
210914,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe of Ewart Park metalworking phase, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950 - 750BC.



The axe is of uncertain type, probably of faceted type (Type Meldreth (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 204-5) ). The axe is incomplete, missing the mouth and upper body (with a surviving length of 66.1mm and a weight of 77.3g). The body of the axe is slender (with a minimum surviving width at the break of 24.2mm). The sides of the axe are concave and expand at the blade to produce a moderately curved blade. The loop is not present on the incomplete axe. The casting flashes on the sides are not discernible and the axe is well-finished. The sides of the faces have weak, rounded facets producing a sub-octagonal body profile (with a maximum surviving thickness of 12.9mm). The blade edge and the blade tips have been lost (producing a surviving blade width of 42.2mm). Both faces of the axe are plain and slightly convex across their lengths. One of the faces has been crushed against the other, closing the socket. The damage was done by a bladed tool or weapon, as evidenced by a linear scar (6.8mm long) at the base of a V-shaped indentation. The other face has the suggestion of pounding marks at the same level. The axe has good surface preservation with a mid to dark green patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,77.3,,,12.9,66.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,Powys,Powys,Brecon,SO0227,From a paper map,51.932852,-3.426789,NMGW-51EFD6,,2007.138.JPG,Late Bronze Age - Socketed Axe,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.138.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/166659.jpg
211048,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy blade fragment, 83mm long, 23mm wide and 4mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a dark brown patina and weighs 30.71grams. The object is sub rectangular in form and eliptical/lentoid in section. Its complete end is gently rounded and it tapers in width slightly along its length. Its surface is pitted and in some places there are patches of corrosion. The object is possibly an early dagger blade?",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-02-05T00:00:00Z,,,,30.71,,,4,83,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Woodhouse,SK5213,From a paper map,52.712171,-1.23172,LEIC-582CF2,,582CF2.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy blade,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/582CF2.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/166810.jpg
211736,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"A fragment of a Bronze Age plano-convex bun ingot.
The diameter is approximately 110mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-08-04T23:00:00Z,,,,160,,110,,,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Ropley,SU6333,From a paper map,51.092859,-1.101774,SUR-E7F042,,07.611.JPG,Bronze Age: Ingot fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/07.611.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/167377.jpg
211819,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"Cast copper alloy bead. The bead is circular, 11.9mm in exterior diameter and 6.7mm in internal diameter. It has a D shaped section with a flat inner edge and there is a groove running horizontally around the outside, possibly from casting. It is lopsided, one side is 2.9mm wide by 2.3mm thick, the other is 5.2mm wide by 2.9mm thick. It weighs 2.0 grams. Such simple beads are difficult to date and examples are known from the Bronze Age to Roman periods.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,2,,11.9,2.9,,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,South East,West Sussex,Adur,SHOREHAM BY SEA,TQ2107,From a paper map,50.849874,-0.282515,SUSS-EC5266,,DSCN1308.JPG,Roman bead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lburnett/DSCN1308.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/167342.jpg
212043,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"A copper alloy object, possibly a blade fragment, possibly Bronze Age (2150BC-800BC) in date. The fragment is broken at both ends. In plan, the fragment tapers slightly from top to bottom and has broadly straight edges - although there are no cutting edges present. In section, the fragment is broadly lentoid in shape, although broad flat ridges run down the centre of both sides. The fragment is 27.3mm long, approximately 12.9mm wide at the top and approximately 10.3mm wide at the base. It is 3.5mm thick at the top and 3.2mm thick at the base. The fragment weighs 5.17g. The fragment has a well developed green patina, marked by a large number of striations and some fine grooves principally running down the object. The broken ends and incomplete long edges have a lighter green surface, suggesting that the breaks and damage was not recent. The object may be a Bronze Age (2150BC-800BC) blade fragment, but without further context or more of the object, no closer dating or identification is suggested.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-02-25T00:00:00Z,,,,5.17,,,3.6,27.3,1,Duncan Slarke,Duncan Slarke,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Stratford-upon-Avon,SP2254,From finder,52.183814,-1.679643,WMID-14BEB4,,cov ba knife 0208 copy.jpg,"Bronze Age knife fragment (front, reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dslarke/cov ba knife 0208 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/167738.jpg
212529,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"The two artefacts considered here were found in June 2006 in plough soil by Heritage Writtle about 40 metres from an archaeological excavation, as part of that archaeological investigation. The individual(s) who found the items are not recorded because in the case of potential treasure found in the course of a bona fide archaeological excavation, it is the practice to give only the name of the organisation.


The socketed artefact was found on 16 June and the sword blade fragment on 21 June. The discovery was reported to the Essex Finds Liaison Officer at Colchester Museums, Caroline A. McDonald, on 1 December 2006. The finds are Treasure Number 2006 T606.


Items Discovered 1. The sword blade fragment is a short length of blade weighing 11.52 grammes; the lentoid midrib is demarcated by two grooves. Analysis of the metal indicates that it is bronze. Swords like this are known as Carp's Tongue swords because the shape of the blade tip is said to resemble the tongue of that fish. Few complete Carp's Tongue swords are known in Britain. Most specimens consist of scrap fragments imported in that form from the mainland of Europe (Sealey 19915,7 with refs). They were current in the Ewart Park phase of the late Bronze Age dated c.1020-800 BC (Needham et al. 1998,93,98). 2. Analysis of the metal of the socketed artefact shows it to be brass (an alloy of copper and zinc), not bronze (an alloy of copper and tin). Brass is not found in Britain until the 2nd century BC when it was used to decorate an Iron Age sword blade from the river Thames at Isleworth (Craddock et al. 2004). It remained rare until the Roman period. This object is unidentified and undateable, but it is certainly not Bronze Age and could be well be post-medieval or modern. The Status of the Hoard as Potential Treasure The items in the hoard are of two different dates. The sword blade is late Bronze Age but the socketed artefact is much more recent, and could be modern. It is inconceivable therefore that both items were buried at the same time. Although the Bronze Age sword fragment is ancient, two or more items more than 300 years old are required for the find to qualify as Treasure (as defined in law). On this view, the 'mid-Essex' finds do not constitute Treasure.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being declared not Treasure,Controlled archaeological investigation,2006-07-15T23:00:00Z,2006-07-20T23:00:00Z,2006T606,,,,,,,2,Paul Sealey,Caroline Barton,,,,,,,,,PAS-840704,,2006T606(2010T210no3).jpg,Treasure case 2006 T606,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cbarton/2006T606(2010T210no3).jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/328895.jpg
212614,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2150,1700,"Lump of metal working slag with traces of fired clay attached to it, possibly from a furnace lining. The slag is from smelting or re-melting a non-ferrous metal for casting.
The lump is 31.6mm long by 23.3mm wide by 17.4mm thick and weighs 32.5 grams.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,32.5,,,17.4,31.6,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Pagham,SZ8897,From a paper map,50.765925,-0.753547,SUSS-918C77,,SUSS-918C77.JPG,Metal working debris,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lburnett/SUSS-918C77.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/168288.jpg
212708,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1250,"A cast copper alloy broad-bladed palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. The palstave was broken into two pieces from an old break but the pieces were found within 10 metres of each other and fit together perfectly. The looped palstave measures 166mm in length by 63.6mm (width across cutting edge) by 28.5mm and weighs 449g. The cutting edge is crescentic with a wide edge bevel and is considerably damaged from old breaks. There is a single central linear moulding on both sides of the blade which starts 18.2mm from the cutting edge and ends close to the stop ridge. The stop is squared and the side flanges are high, although one side is more worn that the other. There is a faint casting seam along the centre of the sides of the blade and flange. Behind the stop are three liniar mouldings running from the stop to the butt on both sides. The loop starts level with the stop and is 23.1mm long, the top of it is broken from an old break. The palstave belongs to the Taunton phase of metalworking, dating from c. 1500-1250BC. It has a pale green patina, parts of the surface are pitted and some of the edges are damaged. A similar axe in slightly better condition was recorded as: SOM-1AA9C5.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2007-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,449,,,28.5,166,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Pagham,SZ8897,From a paper map,50.765925,-0.753547,SUSS-966261,,SUSS-966261.JPG,Bronze Age palstave axe,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lburnett/SUSS-966261.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/168280.jpg
212776,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1250,-800,"Fragment of Bronze Age bladed item. Such a small fragment is difficult to securely identify; it is possibly a St Nazaire Type sword such as those found in the Wilburton hoard from the Late Bronze Age or perhaps a riveted dagger or rapier. 
The fragment is roughly rectangular with curved left and right edges and slightly narrower at one end than the other. The top and bottom edges are straight breaks, the patina suggests these are old. In cross section the piece has a central oval ridge from which it tapers in a straight line front and back to each side blade. Parallel to the left and right edges on both sides run four closely spaced incised lines. 
It measures 38.8mm by 30.4mm and is 5.9mm thick. It weighs 24.34grams.",Drawing by James Cope,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-27T00:00:00Z,,,,24.34,,,5.9,38.8,1,Dot Boughton,Liz Walker,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Sutton,SU9614,From finder,50.917487,-0.635692,SUSS-A6D3F4,,SUSS-A6D3F4 drawing.jpg,Fragment of Bronze Age sword,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lburnett/SUSS-A6D3F4 drawing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/205797.jpg
212826,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1120,"Middle Bronze Age bronze dirk of Group II or Group IV with Group II affinities (Burgess & Gerloff, 1981, p 62 - 65), perhaps dating to the Penard metalworking industry (c.1275-1120 BC following Needham et al. 1997), corresponding to the latter part of Needham's (1996) Period 5 (dated to 1500 - 1150BC).



The dirk has a damaged butt and is eroded, but is otherwise complete (with a length of 159mm and a weight of 38.2g). The butt was trapezoidal (with a maximum surviving width of 45.5mm) without a central rib or notches. The butt appears to have broken through two rivet holes, positioned near the upper edge and is thinnest at the top edge (0.5mm) tapering towards the blade (2.7mm thick before the blade). The shoulders slope towards the triangular blade (with a width beneath the shoulders of 26mm). The blade is of rounded, low-oval section (with a maximum thickness of 3.2mm near the butt) with no discernible mid-rib and with straight sides. Concave blade facets (with a surviving width of 4.8mm) are evident and the blade edges have been lost. The dirk has none of the original surface surviving and has a green to orange-brown surface colour.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,38.2,,,3.2,159,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Mumbles,SS6288,From a paper map,51.573927,-3.992758,NMGW-A91D12,,2007.167.1.JPG,middle bronze Age Dirk,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.167.1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/168421.jpg
212837,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Middle to Late Bronze Age bronze dirk of Group IV type, damaged weapon with reworked butt (Burgess & Gerloff, 1981, p 99)  and probably of later Penard or Wilberton metalworking industries, corresponding to Needham’s (1996)  Periods 5-6, possibly dated to c.1200-900BC
The dirk has a damaged butt and is eroded (with a surviving length of 87.7mm and a weight of 22.5g). The butt has been formed by hammering to thin the end (with a minimum thickness of 1.5mm) and to define a sub-triangular facet, with hammer-marks discernible on both faces. The sides of the butt have been hammered from the sides (giving a width of 16.7mm) and therefore the shoulders widen slightly to the blade (with a width of 19.6mm). There is no surviving evidence for any rivet-holes on the butt. The blade is of rounded, low-oval section (with a maximum thickness of 4.0mm before the butt). There is the suggestion of a weak mid-rib, discernible only on one face. The blade sides are convex (giving a maximum surviving width of 19.9mm). Concave blade facets (with a surviving width of 3.7mm) are evident and the blade edges have been lost. The dirk has good surface preservation with a mid to dark-brown patina. There are the remnants of an incised line marking the line of the blade facet and crossing before the tip, in one area there is the suggestion of a double-incised line.","The blade fragment is comparatively substantial, possibly suggesting that the dirk may have been reworked from the tip of a sword with a leaf-shaped blade, or possibly from a heavy rapier. Incised decoration on blades tends occur on swords of the Penard Industry (e.g. Type Clewer and Type Limehouse) and on Group I dirks and rapiers.",3,,,,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,22.5,,,4,87.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Sian Williams,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9878,From a paper map,51.491714,-3.470589,NMGW-A97564,,2007.168.JPG,Middle to Late Bronze Age Dirk,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sianw/2007.168.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/168424.jpg
212866,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-801,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy Bronze Age socketed spearhead. The fragment includes part of one wing and the edge of the central socket. The remaining wing suggests the spear was originally leaf shaped and the wings were bevelled both sides in a straight line from a prominent central ridge containing a hollow socket. The spearhead dates from the Late Bronze Age and possibly belongs to the Ewart Park phase (c.950-800 BC). It measures 44.7mm long by 14.5mm wide and the blade is 4.9mm thick at the socket, narrowing to 0.9mm at the edge. The remaining maximum thickness of the central ridge is 7.0mm. It weighs 10.58grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-27T00:00:00Z,,,,10.58,,,7,44.7,1,Dot Boughton,Liz Walker,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Sutton,SU9614,GPS (from the finder),50.917487,-0.635692,SUSS-AA7F21,,SUSS-AA7F21.jpg,Bronze Age socketed spearhead (fragment),Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lburnett/SUSS-AA7F21.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/169175.jpg
212946,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1150,1500,"A cast copper alloy awl. The awl is fragmentary or incomplete. It is square in section and tapers to a blunt point. The opposite terminal is broken, but it is not a too recent break.  The awl has a well developed mid green/grey patina. It measures 33.49mm long, and 5.62mm wide. It weighs 4g. 

The date of the awl is uncertain. Awls can date to the Bronze Age. Needham (in Longley, D. & Needham, S 1980 ‘Runnymede Bridge 1976: Excavations on the site of a Late Bronze Age settlement’, Surrey Archaeological Society Volume 6, page 19.) discusses awls and comments they cannot be dated with accuracy within the Bronze Age period as they are found in Early Bronze Age contexts, such as graves as well as Middle and Late Bronze Age hoards. Barber (Barber, M. 2003 Bronze and the Bronze Age: Metalwork and Society in Britain c. 2500 – 800 BC. Tempus) comments that awls are commonly found in graves and their function may not just have been utilitarian. Coombs (Coombs, 2001 in Pryor, F. The Flag Fen Basin: Archaeology and Environment of a Fenland Landscape English Heritage: Swindon p. 287-288) comments that they may represent varying stages of a craftsperson’s apprenticeship or skill. However this awl has not developed the heavy patina associated with Bronze Age awls. Leahy (Leahy, K. 2003 Anglo-Saxon Crafts Tempus) illustrates a similar awl, Figure 44 D which is Anglo-Scandinavian and used for leather-working. The date of the recorded example is not certain.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,2008-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,4,,,,33.49,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Tanworth-in-Arden,SP1469,From a paper map,52.318927,-1.796034,WAW-D59C51,,WAW-D59C51.jpg,Bronze Age to Medieval awl (plan and profile).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-D59C51.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/168624.jpg
213179,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,A worn blade from a copper alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. The blade appears to be a from an axe with largely upright sides as it does no splay out.,"The fragment was found at a metal detector rally, organised by Leisure Promotions, in the Lambourn area. No further details of provenance are available.",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,77,,,,44.15,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Lambourn,SU2979,From a paper map,51.50919,-1.583529,SUR-0F1EA1,,07.773.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/07.773.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/168873.jpg
213282,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,A corroded cast copper-alloy awl or tracer of possible Bronze Age date.  The artefact has a thicker body with circular cross-section that tapers to a point.  The 'tang' is narrower and sub-rectangular in cross-section.  Such construction is typical of prehistoric awls which are thought to date from the late Bronze Age.,This record was made at a rally and may thus fall below our usual standards of recording.,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-03-09T00:00:00Z,,,,7.45,,,5.97,64.85,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Compton and Shawford,SU4524,From a paper map,51.013626,-1.359899,HAMP-13C120,,HAMP-13C120awl.jpg,Bronze Age awl (possibly),Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-13C120awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/168978.jpg
213429,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,42,"Cast copper-alloy unidentified object of a known type usually referred to as 'moustache-like' or 'moustache shaped'. These objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117) and various other finds reported to the PAS which are associated with Middle Bronze Age material.

The object is a hollow three-dimensional pointed oval with a bulbous upper part. It is decorated with a series of shallow longitudinal grooves which run down the exterior of the bulbous or bowl-shaped part of the item, apart from a small area on the base, which come to a halt about half way along the length of the item leaving the pointed terminus plain and undecorated. The majority of the bulbous part is hollow as can be seen from the opening at the wider end. Other hollow examples include: WILT-0C9A63, BH-A7CCB5 and BERK-403617. The opening is a maximum of 7.5mm in diameter. Like this object WILT-0C9A63 and NMS-0F4645 also have two rivet holes, one each side of the opening; on this piece they are 1.7mm in diameter. These holes are not seen on complete examples and may suggest repairs or a variation in design.

Due to the surface corrosion it is not possible to be certain that this item is incomplete, the opening has a rough surface but that could be due to casting rather than an old break. Based on other known examples (e.g. SF-520513) it would appear that this item actually represents under half of the original. The whole should comprise of two of these pointed ovals bridged in the middle with a hole through the centre of this bridge. This form gives the items the appearance of being shaped like a stylised moustache or pair of wings. The purpose of these items is unknown but chape is the usual suggestion. 

This item measures 29.6mm in length, has a maximum width of 11.8mm and a thickness of 11.2mm. The item weighs 9.05g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-02-16T00:00:00Z,,,,9.05,,,11.2,29.6,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Lavant,SU8409,GPS (from the finder),50.874404,-0.807508,SUSS-3AEC48,,SUSS-3AEC48.JPG,Mid Bronze Age to Late Iron Age unidientified 'moustache-like' object,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lburnett/SUSS-3AEC48.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/169167.jpg
213510,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Small looped copper alloy palstave with a plain blade, curved cutting edge and pronounced square stop-ridge. This example was found using a metal detector.

The palstave is complete, although it has been eroded around the edges, and the full extent of the cutting edge has worn away.  Patches of the original surface remain, although the majority of this appears to have flaked away, leaving a more rough-textured surface c. 1mm below.  The patina is largely greenish in colour, although the remaining sections of original surface have a more brownish tinge.  The current appearance of the patina differs with the initial photographs of the find taken at the time of discovery, and this is probably connected to the apparent application of a waxy substance to the surface of the palstave.  Where the rough-textured surface has also been lost, around the cutting edge, the loop and the butt, the inner material of the palstave is an orange-brown colour.  It appears that it has been subject to some surface abrasion, in places, revealing the bronze colour beneath.  

The palstave was cast-in-one, as evidenced by a line visible around the sides, showing the junction of the two moulds.  The sides run roughly parallel until the blade begins to flare out roughly two thirds of the way along from the butt, although the stop-ridge causes a slight protrusion on either side (excluding the loop).

Although it is also reminiscent of the Guilsfield type, the palstave appears to belong to the Wilburton phase of metalworking, also known as Needham’s period 6 (1150-950 BC), due to the way in which the flanges run into the septum before the butt.  Savory notes that “At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, the north Wales industry seems to have specialised in neatly cast, plain-bladed implements with a straight or curving stop-ridge…”. This palstave forms part of this tradition.

Similar (albeit larger) examples were found as part of the Guilsfield hoard (Savory, 1980, fig 32, no 268.2), and also more recently at Pen yr Ole Wen, Gwynedd, in 2005 (GAT PRN 24018;PAS ID GAT-C5BC97)",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2006-11-02T00:00:00Z,,,,221.9,,,26.5,100,1,Nina Steele,Nina Steele,Wales,Conwy,Conwy,Caerhun,SH7773,From a paper map,53.239735,-3.844521,GAT-9006E0,,PRN_24117-002.JPG,Looped Palstave,Gwynedd Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nsteele/PRN_24117-002.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/169382.jpg
213561,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2150,400,"Bronze Age, Iron Age or Roman copper alloy awl, slightly bent. It measures 75.3mm in length and weighs 5.91g.

The flat end is 4.2mm wide and 0.8mm thick, thickening to 4.1mm, the max.thickness of the awl in the square-sectioned central section. The pointed end is circular in section and narrows from 4.1mm to the point. It is this end which is slightly bent.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,5.91,,,,75.3,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Salisbury,SU1231,From a paper map,51.0782,-1.83008,WILT-9261C6,,Martin0308awl.jpg,Bronze Age/ Roman awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Martin0308awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/169409.jpg
213800,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2150,1500,"Bronze Age/ Iron Age/ Roman/ ?Medieval copper alloy awl, bent. It measures 59.8mm in bent length (originally c.90mm) and weighs 3.67g.

The pointed end is circular in section and 2.1mm in diameter. This widens to the centre part of the awl, which is 3mm in diameter. To the other end, the awl narrows to 1.4mm thick (still 3mm wide). On one side of the flattened end, distict edges are visible, rather like flanges. They have probably been flattened but may have had a purpose. They extends only 20mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,3.67,,3,,59.8,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Heytesbury,ST9039,From a paper map,51.15017,-2.144349,WILT-B8EB94,,Barnes0308awl.jpg,Bronze Age/ Roman awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Barnes0308awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/169404.jpg
214635,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,Possible Bronze Age flat axe- slightly unusual,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2007-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,72.4,,,8,59,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Ruyton-XI-Towns,SJ3824,From a paper map,52.809966,-2.921243,LVPL-A045B7,,H. Mitchell flat axe.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/H. Mitchell flat axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/170941.jpg
214692,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"A copper alloy axe, Arreton Down type, dating to c.1600-1400BC. It is mostly complete with just some of the blade and the very end of the butt missing. The flanges are not very deep. It has corrosion all over the surface which is pitted and uneven.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,174.8,,,14.5,109,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Alpraham,SJ5860,From a paper map,53.135491,-2.629241,LVPL-A419E6,,BA axe.jpg,"copper alloy palstave axe, Arreton Down type, dating to c.1600-1400BC",National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/BA axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/170947.jpg
215304,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A heavily corroded fragment of a copper-alloy blade of probable middle to late Bronze Age (c. 1500BC – 800BC) date. The size and form of this piece suggest that it is probably part of a small knife.

The blade is of thin lozenge-shaped section. The top and bottom edges are roughly horizontal, suggesting that the implement was deliberately broken or cut.

The piece measures 18.2mm long, 13mm wide and 2.6mm thick. The weight is 2.26g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-03-10T00:00:00Z,,,,2.26,,,2.6,18.2,1,Julian Watters,Julian Watters,,,,,,,,,BH-4B73F1,,Misc obj 08 16 - 13.jpg,Bronze Age knife fragment (probably),,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/Misc obj 08 16 - 13.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/171738.jpg
215484,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1100,"Bronze Age axe; A complete cast copper alloy unlooped palstave axehead, dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500 - 1150 BC). The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan from the butt to the stop, and subtriangular in profile, with the thickest part of the artefact immediately behind the stop ridge. The flange facets give the artefact a lozengiform profile, and are fused to the stop ridge, thus forming two raised elements with which to haft the axe. The butt of the axehead is slightly rounded in plan. The blade is subtriangular in plan and subrectangular in section. The artefact is in a stable condition, with a patchy dark green patina. Similar examples are illustrated in Moore, C, N & Rowlands, M, 1972, 'Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum', pages 52-3 & plate VII, ref nos 15-22.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-03-15T00:00:00Z,,,,383,,,26.43,159,1,Steven Ashby,Steven Ashby,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Preston Capes,SP5653,From finder,52.172428,-1.182559,NARC-5EBCB7,,NARC-5EBCB7  nl ba axe.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axehead,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sashby/NARC-5EBCB7  nl ba axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/172195.jpg
216641,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Bronze Age hammer: A LBA socketed and collared hammerhead.  The hammerhead is hollow, rectangular in profile, subrectangular in section at the closed end, round in section at the socket. The socket retains traces of a raised collar, 11mm deep.  The entire hammerhead measures 65mm x 21mm x 10mm, with 5mm thick walls, and weighs 77.88g.  It has a patchy green surface covering.

Parallels are known from the hoards at: The Reach, Cambs; Eaton (East Anglia);Carleton Rd (Norwich); Tankerton Bay and the Isle of Harty (Kent)

For 'The Reach', see Smith 1956, Inventaria Archaeologia.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2007-12-10T00:00:00Z,,,,77.88,,21,10,65,1,Dot Boughton,Steven Ashby,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Wappenham,SP6245,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.099872,-1.096291,NARC-F543D2,,NARC-F43D2 george jane br age thing.JPG,Copper alloy object,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sashby/NARC-F43D2 george jane br age thing.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/172602.jpg
216838,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead, probably from the middle bronze age (1500BC to 1150BC).



The fragment has lozenge-section midrib which tapers towards the tip, which is missing. The fragment is also broken across the socket, which has a circular internal section, and tapers to a point approximately 35mm from the broken base of the socket. In section the thin wings are triangular rather than being entirely flat. The wings terminate towards the base of the fragment, but the damage to the surface of the spearhead means that it is unclear if this is due to loss of material. In plan the wings are broadly leaf shaped, although it must be emphasised that they are incomplete and the cutting edges are missing.



The maximum dimensions of the fragment are 70.5mm long, 17.8mm wide, and 10.3mm thick. It weighs 21.49g.



The fragment has a well developed green patina, and on the substantial areas where the original surface is missing, particularly on the edges of the fragment, there is has a duller green/light green pitted appearance.



There are distinct shallow grooves running down all of the original surfaces of the spearhead. These are patinated suggesting that these were not made recently. Ehrenberg (1977, p4) states that bronze spearheads first seem to occur in Britain in the final phase of the Early Bronze Age, when three forms were current: the tanged spearhead; the pegged early socketed spearhead; and the end-looped spearhead. The fragment recorded here is unlikely to fit into one of these categories. The tanged spearhead is not socketed unlike the fragment recorded here. The pegged early socketed and end-looped spearheads have a socket divided from the blade by the curving or V-shaped line of the base of the blade moulding (see Ehrenberg, 1977, p4). The most common and widespread form of spearhead from the late bronze age is the plain pegged spearhead (see Ehrenberg, 1977, p13-15). In most cases the socket has a circular external as well as internal section, unlike the example recorded here. The barbed spearhead, also of the late BA tends to have a narrow ovate midrib, again, unlike the fragment recorded here (see Ehrenberg, 1977, p15). Rather, this fragment is most likely to represent one of the main types of spearhead current in the middle bronze age - kite bladed, side-looped, or basal looped (see Ehrenberg, 1977, p6-12). These types may have lozenge midrib sections, as in the fragment recorded here, with the socket extending beyond the blade. However, as the majority of the object is missing, which would have the diagnostic features, the identification and dating cannot be narrowed down further.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-02-01T00:00:00Z,2008-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,21.49,,,10.3,70.5,1,Duncan Slarke,Duncan Slarke,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Huntington,SJ9613,From a paper map,52.714643,-2.06065,WMID-103158,,Palmer BA spear copy2.jpg,"Bronze Age spear (front, profile, reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dslarke/Palmer BA spear copy2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/172721.jpg
217752,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2100,100,"Droplet of copper alloy, light green in colour and powdery, possibly Bronze Age or Iron Age in date. It measures 9.4x9.5x6.3mm and weighs 2.7g",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,2.7,,,6.3,9.4,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Salisbury,SU1331,From a paper map,51.078178,-1.815805,WILT-181C95,,Martin0508droplet.JPG,Copper alloy metal working debris,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Martin0508droplet.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/175310.jpg
217753,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-700,"Fragment of possibly Bronze Age socketed axehead, consisting of part of the body. It measures 13.4x18.5x2.5mm, weighs 3.0g and is slightly curving in section.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,3,,,2.5,13.4,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Salisbury,SU1331,From a paper map,51.078178,-1.815805,WILT-182C61,,Martin0508axefrag.jpg,Bronze Age (possibly) axehead (possibly),Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Martin0508axefrag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/175301.jpg
219418,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"A chisel of Middle to Late Bronze Age date. The blade is wide and tapers gradually, after a slight change of angle, into a square-sectioned tang. The tang measures 14.34 by 14.74 across.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2007-12-16T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,54.55,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Broughton,SU3133,,51.095475,-1.558694,-SUR 41800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.00,,07.972.JPG,Bronze Age: Chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/07.972.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/176068.jpg
220099,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1400,"Probable Bronze Age model flat axe.  The axe is flat and tapers in plan with a curved cutting edge. The axe tapers from 18mm wide at the cutting edge to 7.9mm wide at the butt. The blade edge is faceted on one side only. The object has a mid-brown patina.

Bronze age material has been discovered in the immediate area, including a full-sized flat axe LIN-3087B5. Another flat axe was also discovered in the next parish (LIN-D527F1).",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,,,,,,,,2.3,36,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Stixwould and Woodhall,TF1664,From a paper map,53.160499,-0.266496,LIN-C2B972,,LIN7041.jpg,Probable Bronze Age copper alloy model axe,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN7041.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/176714.jpg
220183,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Bronze Age socketed axe. Ewart Park Type, Class B, dating to c.1000-800BC.

It is complete with the loop remaining. It has some corrosion on the surface, particularly around the cutting edge of the blade. In plan the axe is roughly rectangular, in cross section it is triangular as it narrows to the blade.

There is a slight collar at the top of the axe. At the base of the collar 3 ribs start on each side and run about 1/3 of the way down the axe. The loop starts at the same level and finishes just before the ribs. 

Casting lines can be seen on both edges running from top to bottom. They do not appear to have been smoothed out at all. The mouth is sub-square and has 2 casting sprues on the edge. The blade is slightly expanded but some of it is missing due to wear and corrosion. 

The axe has a greenish patina which is not even due to the corrosion. The corrosion is a light green and is worst around the cutting edge of the blade and the mouth.",,4,,,,Fieldwalking,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,209.5,,,5.47,90.21,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Whitegate and Marton,SJ6469,From finder,53.216827,-2.540578,LVPL-D54636,,french socketed axe.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe.,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/french socketed axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/176914.jpg
220270,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A cast copper-alloy Piggott class 1 razor of the Bronze Age.

The razor is leaf-shaped in plan with a square-ended tang.  There is a slight mid-rib from the base of the razor the disappears as it approaches the tip.  There is no perforation on the tang.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2007-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,3.2,,,2.46,36.28,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,North Dalton,SE9451,From a paper map,53.946576,-0.569288,NCL-E94708,,Dave Scott Stater Field object2.JPG,Bronze Age Razor,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/Dave Scott Stater Field object2.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/176996.jpg
221126,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"This is an interesting example of an Iron Age Socketed Axehead in copper alloy from cica 750 – 600 BC.  In style, it fits with the characteristics of the Sompting type and the Llyn Fawr Phase.  The axe is wedge shaped in both plan and profile view, with an ovoid socket.  There is a marked single strengthening collar to the mouth of the socket with the attachment loop being just below that collar, on the side seam of the axe. 

There are pronounced moulding seams running from the mouth to the blade tips on each side.  The blade tips are slightly flared.  There is also a slight ‘chamfer', noticeable to each corner from the socket mouth, tapering down toward the blade.

The overall condition of the axe is poor, with considerable loss of the original surface, that which is left has a dull brown patina.  One side of the axe has been damaged and split, presumably in antiquity, that damage reveals how thin the walls of this axe are.  The apparent fragility of this moulding might explain the lightness of this axe at just 175 gms.

Another interesting feature of this axe is the internal moulding, which extends into the flare of the axe head.  That in turn, might suggest the possibility of reducing the metal content to a minimum, in conjunction with the thin walls.  Could this type of manufacture, with its lack of overall mass, indicate a more 'votive' aspect, than a practical tool?",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-19T00:00:00Z,,,,175,,,37,106,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Wem Rural,SJ4631,From finder,52.873748,-2.803734,CPAT-79CD04,,2456-0054r.jpg,"Iron Age, Socketed Axe Head, ",Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2456-0054r.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/177654.jpg
222103,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Cast copper alloy fragment of a rapier, rectangular in plan and lozenge-shaped in profile and section, with a raised mid-rib on both faces. The ribs are now worn almost flat and the surface is heavily pitted and corroded so that very little surface patina survives. The cutting edges of the fragment are also jagged and damaged. The fragment may date from the Middle Bronze Age, but to be sure of its date, it will need more metallurgical analysis.

Rohl and Needham (1998) illustrate some similar rapiers with broad mid-ribs on page 132, Fig.34, Nos.189-190, which are group IV rapiers, and date from the Penard phase of metalwork, c.1300-1150 BC.

Pearce (1983) illustrates a flat-ribbed rapier from Crediton on page 662, Plate 101, No.219d, which dates from the Acton Park phase, c.1500-1400 BC; and a worn triple arris rapier on page 663, Plate 102, No.298a, which dates from the Taunton phase, c.1400-1300 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2006-07-04T23:00:00Z,,,,22.18,,,5,56.6,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Marazion,SW5231,From finder,50.127132,-5.471223,CORN-021D57,,June08finds 004.jpg,Bronze Age rapier fragment (section),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June08finds 004.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/178760.jpg
223126,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"Fragment of a Bronze Age sword or spear dating to c. 1500- 800BC.

It has an oval cross section. The fragment is close to the end as the lower part is widening towards the handle. It has a brownish patina and some of the original surface has been lost through corrosion.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2008-03-09T00:00:00Z,,,,14.3,,,,34,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,West Felton,SJ3527,From finder,52.836577,-2.966341,LVPL-91C9A3,,Ruddick BA spear- LVPL-91C9A3.jpg,Fragment of a Bronze Age sword or spear dating to c. 1500- 800BC,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/Ruddick BA spear- LVPL-91C9A3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/179625.jpg
223142,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"Cast copper alloy socketed Bronze Age axe dating from c.1200-800BC.

It is mostly complete with the side loop remaining. The blade is angular, possibly due to wear/breakage. It has a square cross-section with a raised collar at the mouth. The surface is worn and so it is not possible to tell how many ribs there were. There is a casting seam on the side where the loop is. There are also 2 casting seams visible on the inside of the axe. 

It has a green/brown patina with patches of orange which may indicate there was iron buried nearby.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2008-03-09T00:00:00Z,,,,178.4,,,5,78,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,West Felton,SJ3425,From a paper map,52.818479,-2.980778,LVPL-9285F7,,moulsdale socketed axe- LVPL-9285F7.jpg,Cast copper alloy socketed Bronze Age axe dating from c.1200-800BC,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/moulsdale socketed axe- LVPL-9285F7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/179630.jpg
223268,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1300,"A cast copper-alloy dirk from the Bronze Age with two rivets. The rapier is an elongated lozenge in section with a midrib running its length. In plan, the rapier is narrow and tapering with a wide shoulder. The top of the butt has been broken off. There are two incomplete rivet perforations in the butt/shoulder. Both rivets are present and are circular in section with expanded dome heads on either side.  ",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-05-15T23:00:00Z,,,,110,,,3.94,171.2,1,Robert Collins,Julie Jackson,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Snape with Thorp,SE2684,Generated from computer mapping software,54.251026,-1.60246,NCL-A35BC8,,Todd rapier.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/Todd rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/179400.jpg
223802,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1300,"Bronze Age palstave of Taunton metalworking tradition dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1400-1300 BC). The rear part of the axe (57mm length; 26mm width; 9mm thickness)is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-rectangular in profile, with the thickest part (31mm thickness)immediately behind the stop ridge. The blade (72mm length; 34mm width; 13mm thickness)is sub-triangular in profile. In plan, the blade is sub-rectangular and gently splays towards the cutting edge. As the blade is broken, it may well have splayed more towards the cutting edge. A central ridge runs from the stop ridge along the length of blade. The side loop has broken off, but it is possible to see traces of where it once was. A similar axe, found together with other Bronze Age items by workmen in 1879 at Sherford, Devon, is illustrated in Pearce 'The Bronze Age Metal Work of South Western Britain'(please see reference for details). Although Pearce's example splays more towards the cutting edge, the rectangular plan of the butt; straight stop ridge; central ridge on the blade; and the profile are all similar to this example.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-06-22T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,129,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,East Devon,Aylesbeare,SY2892,GPS (from the finder),,,DEV-105E82,,DEV-105E82 bronze age axe head.jpg,DEV-105E82 bronze age axe head.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV-105E82 bronze age axe head.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/179845.jpg
223942,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,A fragment from the blade of a sword of mid- to late-Bronze Age date. The fragment has smooth well-preserved surfaces but the blade edges have been very worn post deposition.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,16.19,,,6.03,24.46,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,REIGATE,TQ2449,From a paper map,51.226731,-0.225557,SUR-2311F7,,08.103.JPG,Bronze Age: Sword blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.103.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/179925.jpg
224028,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1300,"A cast bronze dirk of the middle Bronze Age.

The dirk is incomplete, with breakage at the butt, obscuring the number of perforations for rivets, of which only one is clear.

In section, the dirk is lozenge shaped.  The blade has a central midrib that is more pronounced on one face than the other.  From the shoulder, the blade edges taper slightly until a distance of 40-50mm from the tip, when the edge angles more sharply to the tip.

The slight irregularities of the edges and asymmetry of the edges closest to the tip indicate that the dirk was resharpened on a number of occasions.",,4,,,,Other chance find,1995-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,136.1,,,5.21,218,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,,,,,,,NCL-35C411,,Wightman blade.jpg,Bronze Age dirk,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/Wightman blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/180033.jpg
224157,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age decorated spearhead socket (probably). The fragment is curving in profile and would have originally been c.23mm in diameter. It measures 17.4x13.6x1.7mm and weighs 2.04g.

The fragment is decorated to the outwardly curving side only, with two bands of a pair of grooved lines.

To the reverse the metal is not smooth, possibly through corrosion.

The two longer edges are jagged and are clear breaks. However the two shorter edges both seem to be original, which would suggest the object is no a spearhead. Possibly, patination has ocurred over the break, as is visible on part of the more jagged edge.

The orangey-dark brown colour of the metal and the decoration suggest a Middle/ Late Bronze date. If not a spear head this is possibly some kind of decorative ring, although I can find no parallels.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,2.04,,,1.7,17.4,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Gloucestershire,Cotswold,Lechlade,SU2099,From a paper map,51.689402,-1.712075,WILT-4FCD41,,Belk0608spear.jpg,Late Bronze Age spearhead (probably),Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Belk0608spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/180193.jpg
224428,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age copper alloy awl. The object measures 10.4 mm in length, 1mm in width, 1.1mm thick and weighs 5.7 grams. It has a central rectangular section from which point it tapers and becomes circular in section finishing in a point at each end.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.7,,,1.1,10.4,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Barkby Thorpe,SK6308,From finder,52.666063,-1.069872,LEIC-B4EA96,,050042.JPG,roman stylus ,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/050042.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/179759.jpg
224430,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"bronze age copper alloy awl. Measurers 7.8 mm in lengh, 1mm in width and 1mm thick. Object weighs 3.76 grams. the object is rectangular in section and tapers to a point",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.76,,,1,7.8,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Barkby Thorpe,SK6308,From finder,52.666063,-1.069872,LEIC-B52603,,DSCN5253.JPG,copper alloy bronze age awl,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/DSCN5253.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/179896.jpg
224718,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy Ewart Park sword blade fragment, 23mm long, 16mm wide and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 10.27grams. The object has a lozenge shaped section which is 6mm wide in the centre and tapers steeply to 1mm at its edge. It has one good edge but the rest is quite worn.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-10-01T23:00:00Z,,,,10.27,,,6,23,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Frisby on the Wreake,SK7017,From finder,52.74609885,-0.96446971,LEIC-DD83F6,,DD83F6 978.JPG,Bronze age sword fragment,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/DD83F6 978.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/180953.jpg
225152,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"
A fragment of a cast copper-alloy axe of the Bronze Age.






Only the edge and end of the body remain.  There is some outward expansion from the break of the body to the edge, but this is not dramatic.  The edge is very worn.






In section, the end of the hollow cavity of the axe is visible, with a honeycomb effect.
",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,54,,,13.18,43.92,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Chollerton,NY9074,From a paper map,55.060377,-2.158093,NCL-370D24,,Pattison axe frag.jpg,Bronze Age axe fragment,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/Pattison axe frag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/181361.jpg
225153,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-3250,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy casting sprue, measuring 27mm long, 23mm wide, 18mm thick and weighs 23.49 grams. The Object is in fair condition with a green patina. The object is sub spherical in form with a flattened upper surface and a tapering projection created by pouring the metal into a mould.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-25T00:00:00Z,,,,23.49,,,18,27,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Frisby on the Wreake,SK7017,GPS (from the finder),52.74609885,-0.96446971,LEIC-370216,,1669- .JPG,1669Bronze age copper alloy casting sprue,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/1669- .JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/181271.jpg
225163,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-3250,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy implement, measuring 17mm long, 14mm wide, 3mm thick, and weighs 3.29 grams. The object is in poor condition with a brown patina and some corrosion. The object is sub rectangular in form with two smooth edges and two jagged. It may be a fragment of a blade or possibly part of an axe?",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-04-04T23:00:00Z,,,,3.29,,,3,17,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Frisby on the Wreake,SK7016,GPS (from the finder),52.737111,-0.964683,LEIC-3739B1,,1710.JPG,"1710

bronze age copper alloy implement",,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/1710.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/181273.jpg
225265,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-800,"A complete cast copper-alloy socketed axehead dating from the late bronze age. In plan, the axe has concave sides, a convex cutting edge and a mouth with a rounded collar with a single moulding below it. The end of the mouth is not flat; there are two crests at about the central point on either face. There is a loop on the haft end of one side of the body. When viewed in profile, the axe can be seen to be broadly triangular in shape, with the front and reverse faces being slightly convex. The mouth of the axe is sub-square with rounded corners, almost circular, although towards the cutting edge the socket and the axe are rectangular in section. The socket extends approximately 62mm into the axe. There is a plug of earth within the socket which can be freely removed. Two ridges run down the upper portion of the socket, at about the centre of the front and reverse of the axe. A casting seam runs down both sides of the axe. There are some slightly raised areas on the surface of the axe with a lustrous smooth brown patina. But generally the axe has a slightly pitted brown surface, with a few small areas where green corrosion products are visible. There are transverse grooves/striations and some crazing visible on the surface of the lower blade, particularly on one face of the axe. There is a slight depression on both faces on the body of the axe. The cutting edge is complete and remains sharp. There is a small amount of recent damage on the collar and edge of one face where the surface has been removed revealing the yellow/gold colour of the metal. The axe is in excellent condition overall. The axe is 98.9mm long. The cutting edge is 39.8mm wide and the mouth is 36.6mm from side to side, and 35.3mmm from front to back (maximum external dimensions). The axe has a mass of 183.8g excluding the plug of soil in the socket. The axe recorded here is similar to south-eastern socketed axes identified by Scmidt and Burgess (1981, p. 212-6, and plate 85), particularly axes 1275-1279 which are Variant Bilton (described as Variant Worthing on Plate 85). Schmidt and Burgess (ibid, p. 212) comment that the south-eastern type of socketed axehead is, ""...characterized by a fairly slender, square to rectangular-sectioned body with a squarish mouth."" They explain that Variant Bilston/Worthing axes have long bodies with concave sides curving to an unexpanded cutting edge, and a mouth where a rounded collar has a single moulding set below it (ibid., p.214). South-eastern axes appear to date from the Ewart Park Phase (Ibid. p.216-7) and, ""...may not have survived much into the Llyfawr period"". (ibid. p.217). The Ewart Park phase is dated from circa 900 to 700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,183.8,,,,98.9,1,Duncan Slarke,Duncan Slarke,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Warwick,Kenilworth,SP2674,From a paper map,52.363442,-1.619605,WMID-504C41,,south eastern axe 2 copy.jpg,"Bronze age socketed axe (top section, front, profile, reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dslarke/south eastern axe 2 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/181666.jpg
225556,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1400,"The tip only of a copper alloy spear dating from the Middle Bronze Age, circa 1500-1400BC. The fragment is triangular with a sharp point at the tip. It is 63.8mm long, 27mm wide and 7.9mm thick. There is a central ridge along the blade which is slightly rounded. The section is thus a vertical oval with tapering side flanges rather than a lozenge shape. Near the break there are grooves on the central ridge forming an arrow pointing towards the tip. These are on both sides. These mouldings are quite unusual. Similar decoration is known on some Bronze Age and Iron Age transition pieces. An example with similar mouldings is from the Melksham Hoard and is held by Devizes Museum, but a middle Bronze Age date is considered to be the most likely for this example.. The broken end does not have a good a patina as the rest of the object, but the break does not seem to be recent. The rest of the object has a glossy golden brown patina with a few pits of corrosion. A similar example recorded on the database is LANCUM-37A3C5.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,22.56,,,7.9,63.8,1,Dot Boughton,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Great Ouseburn,SE4462,From a paper map,54.052089,-1.32942,SWYOR-CB5D80,,PAS 518 spear tip.jpg,Bronze Age spear fragment,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 518 spear tip.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/181822.jpg
225871,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1100,"A fragment of a copper alloy leaf-shaped socketed spearhead, probably from the Penard phase (1300 - 1100 BC). The fragment has round-section midrib which tapers towards the tip. The base of the spearhead is missing.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-06-27T23:00:00Z,,,,33.9,,,12.17,80.58,1,Robert Collins,Jonas Fluck,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,East Kirkby,TF3160,From a paper map,53.121089,-0.043916,NCL-F23734,,Turnbull spearhead.jpg,Bronze Age: a copper alloy leaf-shaped socketed spearhead,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jfluck/Turnbull spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/182042.jpg
225933,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1000,1650,Fragment of a copper alloy unidentified object.  The fragment is flat and has a slightly faceted edge similar to the wing of a Bronze Age spear or sword.  The faceted edge appears to be original.  In plan the object is roughly trapezoidal.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,,,,,,,9,2,25,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Utterby,TF3092,From a paper map,53.408808,-0.045784,LIN-F612B1,,LIN7267.JPG,Unidentified object,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN7267.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/182101.jpg
225937,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Bronze axe of Arreton Down type.  Expanded cutting edge, now asymmetrical; there are indications of small raised flanges down each side of the blade.  It is likely that these were raised by hammering and not cast.  The blade tapers, from its mid-point, towards both the cutting edge and butt.  Most of the surface has been lost to corrosion but enough survives to show that the faces of the axe were not decorated. c. 1800 - 1400 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,9.9,79.7,1,Kevin Leahy,Kevin Leahy,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Nuneaton and Bedworth,BEDWORTH,SP3587,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.479809,-1.486086,WAW-F62522,,080717.02.jpg,"Bedworth, Arreton Down type, Bronze Axe.",,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kleahy2/080717.02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/182114.jpg
226015,Wedge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An unusual cast copper alloy / bronze wedge or possibly chisel formed from the recycled lower (blade) section of a looped palstave possibly decorated with a central rib. The palstave would date from the middle Bronze Age; however, it is difficult to say when it was made into a wedge. It is likely that this was done during either the later Middle Bronze Age or Late Bronze Age (1500-800 BC). The blade has been broken or deliberately trimmed at the junction point between the blade and the raised flanged stop ridge. It is difficult to ascertain more detail as the broken end has been repeatedly hammered and damaged through use as a 'cold?' chisel. In Plan the wedge is broadly sub-rectangular and is sub-triangular in cross section. The wedge measures 70.6mm length, has a maximum width of 33mm and maximum thickness of 18.1mm. It weighs 149.78 grams.






The blade of wedge extends from a relatively narrow point, just below the break (stop ridge), and expands with regular straight sides to a much worn convex cutting edge. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the break. The thickness of the blade tip is 4.1mm. The maximum thickness of the blade is 16.6mm (measured at a point below the stop ridge; the width at this point is 18.1mm). Beneath the break, is slight evidence of a raised tapering central rib. This rib is very slight and only shows in oblique light, it has been much eroded on both faces. The convex cutting edge is asymmetric and heavily worn with almost all the original blade bevel being lost. It seems that the cutting edge has been reset as the shape of the blade is very flat (by this I mean that the angle the two blade facets make is very low meaning that the two edges have been heavily worn and reshaped). The broken end of the wedge has been repeatedly struck with a blunt tool (hammer) which has flattened the metal, distorting the break and spreading the bronze laterally to form flared surface. To one side is a small sub-circular projection, which has been hammered / flattened. This is the remains of a side loop which would have projected from below the stop ridge and extended to a point on the mid -point of the axe. The loop would have aided hafting. The stub measures 7.9mm length, 7.1mm width.






The wedge is a mid green brown colour with an even but abraded patina which covers all surfaces. There is some evidence of erosion caused by movement in the ploughsoil; however, this is limited and minor. There is no evidence of active corrosion on wedge and all surfaces seem stable. A direct parallel for this sort of recycling / re-use have not been found, however, it is likely that this type of recycling is not uncommon. The majority of broken tools would have been recycled for their metal contact and so this may be a rare example of this form of temporary reuse which was at one point common place. The age of the reuse is difficult to ascertain, however it is likely to date from the period the axe was made or shortly thereafter. A broad period of Middle - Late Bronze Age is suggested 1500-800 BC, however it is most like to date from the period (1400-1000BC)",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,,,,,149.78,,,18.1,70.6,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Cockshutt,SJ4330,,52.86444918,-2.84812465,HESH-098032,,HESH-098032_detail6.jpg,Bronze Age: Wedge or possible chisel formed from reused looped palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/preavill/HESH-098032_detail6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/277737.jpg
227382,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-700,"A probable Bronze Age cast copper-alloy blade fragment of an axehead. Part of the blade tip and cutting edge remains. The object is highly corroded. It is largely a light, dusty green colour. The fragment is largely undiagnostic and so a date is hard to achieve. The fragment may have belonged to a flat axe, a palstave or a socketed axe and so its date of manufacture could range from anywhere between c. 2500 BC (with the introduction of bronze flat axes) and c. 700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,,,,,6.91,,,5.2,37,1,Richard Milwain,Richard Milwain,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Ropley,SU6433,,51.092748,-1.087497,HAMP-0824E3,,HAMP-0824E3BAaxefragment.jpg,Bronze Age axehead fragment,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-0824E3BAaxefragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/183459.jpg
227887,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"Early Bronze age copper alloy flanged axe, C. 85mm long, 65mm wide at the tip and 10mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a greenish patina. It has a semi-circular flared blade and a rectangular shaped and sectioned body which tapers gently in thickness from a central point.g body. There are slight recesses on each face at the butt end, which produce the slightest of flanges.","
Object not seen, photographed by finder
",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-07-19T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,10,85,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,North West Leicestershire,Ravenstone and Packington,SK3912,From finder,52.70427225,-1.42425559,LEIC-85EE91,,axe.JPG,Bronze age Copper alloy flanged axe,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/axe.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/183780.jpg
228167,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy fragment probably of a Late Bronze Age sword which is 22.9mm long, 19.3mm wide and 3.5mm thick. The blade is lentoid in section tapering to a point at each side. Both ends are broken and the damage is not recent. The fragment is possibly part of the Wilburton or Ewart Park metalwork assemblage tradition and dates to c. 1150-800BC but the fragment is too small to be certain of this. The surface is slightly pitted and has a light brown patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-05-11T23:00:00Z,,,,6.72,,,3.5,22.9,1,Dot Boughton,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Adwick,SE5408,GPS (from the finder),53.565842,-1.186144,SWYOR-ADCF83,,PAS 823 blade.jpg,Sword fragment; Late Bronze Age,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 823 blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/184048.jpg
228537,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-801,"An incomplete copper-alloy spearhead, dating from the Mid to Late Bronze Age (c.1500-801 BC).



Damaged at both ends, the remaining part of the socket is of truncated conical form, with a single peg hole.  The remains of the leaf-shaped blade project outwards on either side of the socket, beginning approximately two thirds of the way up.



Length: 49mm; width of blades: 28mm; diameter of shaft at bottom of fragment: 20mm; shaft 1.65mm thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,19.52,,,,49,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,South Hams,Berry Pomeroy,SX8459,From finder,50.41937365,-3.63419106,DEV-1BDAB5,,DEV1BDAB5.jpg,Bronze Age socketed spearhead (incomplete),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV1BDAB5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/537171.jpg
230428,Strap Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-950,-800,"A Later Bronze Age cast copper alloy tubular 'bugle-shaped' fitting with a hollow gently barrel-shaped body with a sharply-expanded terminal at one end. The other end of the body terminates in an old break. This body is 57.1mm in length, the diameter of the expanded terminals is 13mm.Protruding form one side of the body is a tubular side loop which is 36.5mm long, 6.8mm wide and 7.8mm thick. There is a line on the body surrounding the loop, suggesting that the loop could have been cast on separately. The loop extends 4.8mm form the body. On the opposite side of the body there is a sub oval slot, 24.3mm long and 6.9mm wide. There are signs of ware around the edges of the slot. Over all the fitting is 57.3mm long and weighs 39.7g    Bugle-shaped objects are though to comprise a strap fitting for the scabbards of swaord, though their precise function remains obscure. It is possible that thin leather straps were passed though the narrow slot. Refer to other pieces in the collection at the Museum of London (Acc nos A11947-8; A15467; A19001). Also find LON-CA5354 on the database.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,39.7,,,2.2,57.3,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Harrietsham,TQ8753,From a paper map,51.245515,0.677884,KENT-E6C2B2,,14.08-finished.jpg,Late Bronze Age Copper Alloy Harness Fitting.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/14.08-finished.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/186093.jpg
230543,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,A possible Bronze Age awl with a square-sectioned centre tapering to a rectangular section.  It is bent in the centre and the tip is missing. ,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,,,,,5.29,,,3.41,73.78,1,Rebecca Venn,Rebecca Venn,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Clandon,TQ0351,From a paper map,51.24888,-0.52561,SUR-EAE648,,08.369.JPG,Bronze Age: Possible awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bvenn/08.369.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187017.jpg
230547,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,The blade of a socketed axe with one corner missing.  There are impact marks on both sides with transverse grooves just below the break on one side.  There is the possibility that it was deliberately broken.  ,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1995-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,32.64,,,9.82,35.53,1,Rebecca Venn,Rebecca Venn,South East,Surrey,Guildford,GUILDFORD,SU9748,From a paper map,51.222964,-0.612361,SUR-EAF837,,08.372.JPG,Late Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bvenn/08.372.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187029.jpg
230549,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,A chisel with a rounded blade tapering into a rectangular sectioned tang.  Little of the original surface remains.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,,,,,10.82,,,4.08,57.57,1,Rebecca Venn,Rebecca Venn,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Crondall,SU7849,,51.234862,-0.884158,SUR-EB0AB6,,08.373.JPG,Bronze Age: Chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bvenn/08.373.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187030.jpg
231120,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Fragment of Middle to Late Bronze Age bronze socketed spearhead, consisting of the very tip only. It measures 25.7mm in length and is a lozenge shape in section. It weighs 4.38g.

The midrib occupies much of the fragment, there surviving only 1.5mm in width the edge beyond. The midrib is damaged to one side, showing possibly the very end of the socket.

At the break, the fragment is 12mm wide and 5.4mm thick. The tip narrows to the very end, which is 3mm thick.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2008-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,4.38,,,5.4,25.7,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,West Lavington,ST9952,From a paper map,51.267153,-2.015717,WILT-697EE0,,Merritt0708minispearhead.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Merritt0708minispearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/186651.jpg
231160,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-800,"A blade fragment of a cast copper-alloy sword of Middle-Late Bronze Age date, probably Late Bronze Age. The blade is a flattened pointed oval in section, and sub-rectangular in plan. One end is rounded while the other end displays evidence of breakage; it also flares out slightly at this end.  The surface is slightly pitted and abraded in places.



Length: 89.91 mm; Width: 23.85 mm; Thickness: 3.67 mm; Weight: 32.4 g



The sword may belong to the Ewart Park phase (D. Boughton pers. comm. 01/2020)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-08-04T23:00:00Z,,,,32.4,,,3.67,89.91,1,Dot Boughton,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Richmondshire,Richmond,NZ1701,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),54.404182,-1.739625,NCL-77A701,,DSCN8236.JPG,Middle-Late Bronze Age sword blade fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/DSCN8236.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/186945.jpg
231699,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Complete copper alloy socketed axehead.  The socket of the axehead has eight facets to it and a loop at the top next to the opening. The opening of the socket has a lip around the circumference.  The two side facets widen to form the sides of the blade.  The blade is curved, worn and extends on either side beyond the line of the socket.  ","Reported at the Stixwould Rally, 5-7th Sept 2008.",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,,,,,,,24,,104,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Stixwould and Woodhall,TF1664,From a paper map,53.160499,-0.266496,LIN-E7CDA0,,ST3.jpg,Bronze age socketed axe,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/ST3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187327.jpg
231751,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy palstave, 143mm long, 43mm wide and 29mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 324 grams. The Palstave is complete, the shaft end, which is 26mm wide, has a recess taking up just under half of its length (61mm). It has a complete curved blade, 43mm wide. It has a wide central rib which tapers, running the length of the blade and has one semi-circular loop. The object was found on the edge of the Humber estuary and has sustained water damage.",Identification report 009 completed 29/03/90 at Hull Museum.,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1990-03-23T00:00:00Z,,,,324,,,29,143,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Paull,TA1626,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.717527,-0.243672,LEIC-F6CF06,,F6CF06.JPG,late Bronze Age copper alloy Palstave,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/F6CF06.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187556.jpg
231754,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"Early Bronze Age copper alloy flanged axe, 80mm long, 41mm wide and 13mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 115 grams. The axe has a rounded blade which is slightly damaged, showing signs of prolonged use. It has a shaft which is rectangular in form and section, with slightly raised edges and a squared butt.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-09-09T23:00:00Z,,,,115,,,13,80,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Swithland,SK5513,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.711875,-1.187318,LEIC-F6F714,,F6F714.JPG,Early Bronze age copper alloy axe,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/F6F714.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187557.jpg
231901,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
Bronze Age cast copper alloy spearhead. Socketed spear head and blade tip of mid to late Bronze Age date. The edge has been bevelled, demonstrating that it has been resharpened. In section, the spearhaed is lozenge in shape. The rest of the spear is missing.
","
The finder has generously donated this artefact to Cookworthy Museum, Devon.
",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2008-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,South Hams,Thurlestone,SX6742,From finder,50.26296316,-3.86735568,DEV-FFEE44,,Bronze Age Spearhead.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/Bronze Age Spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/362927.jpg
231948,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Middle-Late Bronze Age copper alloy palstave. The palstave is of the developed type which has a stop ridge that forms in line with the side of the axe, and a loop that sits in the middle of the axe at the top. The recessed areas of the butt meet the sides with a slight curve. The butt slightly tapers to a worn and incomplete terminal. The blade edge appears to be very worn.



The width of the blade is 37mm; the width of the butt is 23mm.","Found at the Stixwould rally, 5-7th Sept 2008.",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,Stixwould rally,,,,,142,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Stixwould and Woodhall,TF1664,,53.160499,-0.266496,LIN-0D10B5,,ST28.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/ST28.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187325.jpg
231968,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,-1200,-1000,"Middle Bronzr Age palstave.  The axe is slender and has a very pitted and worn surface.  The there is a lip on either edge of the axe, and a stop ridge down the centre of the axe. The butt end is damaged. The blade is flared and appears to have been reground a number of times in antiquity.","Found at the Stixwould rally, 5-7th Sept 2008.",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,Stixwould rally,,,,,154,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Stixwould and Woodhall,TF1664,GPS (from the finder),53.160499,-0.266496,LIN-0DF9A3,,ST38.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/ST38.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187340.jpg
232103,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-800,"A complete copper alloy Bronze Age disc-headed pin.  The head is is a flat circular disc decorated on the upper surface with radiating incised lines.  The shaft of the pin is circular in section tapering to a point, maximum diameter 3.09mm. Date circa 2000-800 BC.  Mid-green patina  Dimensions: length 89.84mm; diameter of head 13.81mm; weight 5.11g",Found during Weekend Wanderers Chain Hill Rally 17 August 2008,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-08-16T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers -  Chain Hill (nr Wantage) 07,5.11,,,,89.94,1,Sally Worrell,Paula Levick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Lockinge,SU4185,GPS (from the finder),51.56239482,-1.40993166,BERK-1808D2,,wht2.jpg,Bronze Age Disc-Headed Pin,West Berkshire,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/plevick/wht2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/188617.jpg
232259,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1500,1499,"Copper alloy unidentified object.  The object is a concave 'boat-shaped' piece of bronze with an incomplete shank at one end.  The surface is very worn and pitted.  The object may be a worn Roman duck brooch, an escutcheon or perhaps a piece of casting sprue.","Reported at the Stixwould rally, 5th-9th Sept 2008.",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,29,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Stixwould and Woodhall,TF1763,GPS (from the finder),53.151296,-0.251912,LIN-272296,,ST65.jpg,Unidentified copper alloy object,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/ST65.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187367.jpg
232288,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,-1000,1900,"A cast copper-alloy discoidal of uncertain function and date.  Both faces are slightly convex. In cross-section it is lozengiform with truncated sides.  There is a regular central depression on both faces.  Above this is a perforation, rectangular in shape with rounded end (L.: 5.0mm).  The dating of this object is difficult, although it bears a certain similarity to an artefact illustrated in Read (2001, 63; ref. 488) and described as an impractical 'terret-like object'.  This suggests a date in the Iron Age or Roman periods.  However, an earlier date cannot be ruled out; neither can a late one as suggested by the regularity of the object.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-03-13T00:00:00Z,,,,7.875,,,4.95,21.9,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Broughton,SU3132,From a paper map,51.086483,-1.558779,HAMP-28AD23,,HAMP-28AD23terret.jpg,Unidentified object (uncertain period),Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-28AD23terret.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187917.jpg
232552,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy sword, in four pieces and complete apart from the terminal of the hilt.  The sword belongs to the Ewert Park phase.

The hilt is slender and has a lozenge shaped guard with a ribbed perimeter and a small oval hole at either side. The hilt is oval in cross-section and is missing its terminal. 

The edges of the hilt taper and curve down to the blade proper. The blade is a pointed oval in cross-section. The edges of the blade are worn. 

The blade narrows shortly after the hilt and then widens towards the tip.  The tip rapidly tapers to a blunt point.

The sword has been broken in to four pieces in antiquity. The hilt is one fragment, the tip is another, and the main blade is broken in to two pieces. The hilt and the tip sections have a darker brown patina whereas the two fragments of the main blade have a lighter green patina.","Found at the Stixwould Rally, 5-7th Sept 2008.",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,Stixwould rally,,,,,,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Stixwould and Woodhall,TF1764,From a paper map,53.16028,-0.251547,LIN-7850F7,,ST70E.jpg,Late Bronze Age copper alloy sword: tip,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/ST70E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/187376.jpg
232886,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A Middle Bronze Age midribbed palstave axe, cast in bronze. It is 105.9mm in length. The blade is 42.1mm from tip to tip and is 60.0mm in length. The palstave has a wide blade, with a single medial raised rib running down the centre on both faces. The blade starts parallel at the top and then expands progressively towards the convex cutting edge. The cutting edge and tips are all badly worn and corroded. The tips proper have almost certainly been removed due to this wear. The butt end of the axe is roughly rectangular in section with prominent flanges on either face. The butt end is otherwise undecorated. Casting lines can still be seen on both flange sides. For similar example see Norfolk Museum Service (1977) Bronze Age Metalwork, fig 13.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,,,,,181.7,,,5.2,105.9,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Boxley,TQ7857,From a paper map,51.284324,0.551066,KENT-91FBE5,,cumminsaxe.jpg,Middle Bronze Age copper alloy mid ribbed Palstave.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/cumminsaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/188306.jpg
233252,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1200,1699,"Possibly Late Bronze Age or Medieval - Post Medieval bronze/ copper alloy metal working debris.

The fragment measures 44mm in length and is 33mm wide, 27mm in height and weighs 99.88g.  It forms a rough pyramid in shape and has a number of green residual spots on the base and around the bottom edge.  The remainder has a brown/grey residue.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,99.88,,,27,44,1,Alice Cannings,Alice Cannings,South West,Gloucestershire,Cotswold,Lechlade,SU1594,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.644602,-1.784618,WILT-B86074,,Belk1008mwdebris.jpg,Metal working debris,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acannings/Belk1008mwdebris.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/191876.jpg
233290,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age lugged and socketed copper alloy spear head.

Length:93.99mm, width: 33.12mm, weight: 71.36g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,,71.36,,,,93.99,1,Elizabeth Gill,Elizabeth Gill,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,East Cambridgeshire,Wicken,TL5474,From a paper map,52.342458,0.259193,CAM-BA6362,,,,,,,
233315,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"An incomplete copper alloy Bronze Age axehead. It would have originally tapered off to a thinner butt. The blade is significantly flared, however the shape of the side flanges cannot be determined due to the break. It measures 68.59mm x 58.76mm x 13.65mm, weighing 174.91g. The axe seems to fall into class IV of Needham's chronology. It may possibly belong to the Arreton group; dating from circa 1700-1500BC (S. Needham, 2004, unpublished), though with only the blade to work from it is difficult to assign a confident date. The surface of the axe is green, pitted and corroded, with a glossy patina surviving in a few places. The break is also patinated.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,174.91,,,13.65,68.59,1,Stuart Ward,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Kirklees,Kirklees,Holme Valley,SE1507,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.559409,-1.775028,SWYOR-BBEF23,,PAS 880 axe.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 880 axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/188704.jpg
233738,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"A cast copper-alloy fragment, plausibly from an Early Bronze Age flat axe. The fragment is broadly trapezoidal in shape.  It is rectangular in cross-section, with sides that are triangular in profile.  They narrow from a thickness of 9.7mm at the break to c. 1.5mm at the terminal.  The terminal is slightly rounded.  The artefact is highly corroded with considerable pitting and a highly variable colour. This possibility remains that it might be an ingot.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-03-28T00:00:00Z,,,,101.5,,,,66.1,1,Dot Boughton,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Micheldever,SU5139,From a paper map,51.147997,-1.272264,HAMP-341072,,HAMP-341072flataxe.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axe (possibly),Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-341072flataxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/189362.jpg
234204,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,800,"Fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy spear head, probably Middle to Late periods (1500-800 BC). The fragment consists of the tip of a cast copper alloy spear head. The blade wings and cutting edges of the spear are broken, and the fragment is badly worn with signs of corrosion disease. The clay core used to manufacture the spear is visible at the distal end of the fragment and measures 0.24mm in diameter. The spear head tip has a light olive-green patina.

Dimensions: length: 37.02mm; width: 19.33mm; thickness: 9.47mm; weight: 13.87g.",,4,Copper alloy,Ceramic,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,13.87,,,9.47,37.02,1,Jon Cotton,Kate Sumnall,Eastern,Thurrock,Thurrock,CORRINGHAM,TQ7082,From finder,51.511352,0.44843,LON-B27EC7,,Bingley - spear tip - Oct 08.jpg,"Fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy spear head, probably Middle to Late periods (1500-800 BC).",Museum of London,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fwinkley/Bingley - spear tip - Oct 08.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/232816.jpg
235148,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,A highly corroded cast copper-alloy tip from the blade of a Bronze Age axehead.  The fragment has a sub-triangular cross-section.  It is difficult to discern any socket so a wide mid-late Bronze Age date is suggested for this highly pitted artefact.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2007-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,5.28,,,5.5,23.7,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kings Somborne,SU3631,From a paper map,51.077201,-1.487495,HAMP-71CC16,,HAMP-71CC16axe.jpg,Bronze Age axehead fragment,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-71CC16axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/190785.jpg
235193,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"A cast copper alloy fragment, possibly from a Late Bronze Age axe of socketed form though this must remain doubtful. The fragment is from the body of the axe and parts of three sides survive.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,19.23,,,,44.86,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Rotherwick,SU7156,From a paper map,51.298708,-0.983016,-SUR 7480000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.00,,08.598.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.598.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/190775.jpg
235440,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1300,"A small copper alloy unlooped palstave axe with a very short, flared blade. The cutting edge is crescentic. The axe is undecorated. There is a faint casting ridge along the centre of the sides of the flanges. The flanges are high, with the tops on one side being somewhat more worn and re-shaped than the other side. The blade is somewhat truncated compared to most axes of this type and the axe is smaller than usual overall. It has a rich blackish patina, although the parts of the surface are pitted and some of the edges are damaged. The palstave belongs to the Taunton phase of metalworking. Dr Kevin Leahy has noted that this axe is unusual in the ratio between the blade and the septum, which are usually of almost equal length (pers comm, 2008) Date: early Middle Bronze Age, c. 1400 - 1300 BC) (Pers comm, D. Boughton, 2008) Dimensions: 86.13 mm x 35.56 mm x 25.09 mm Weight: 159.75 g",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-06-15T23:00:00Z,,,,159.75,,,25.09,86.13,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,,,,,,,DOR-C5DF32,,C5DF32.jpg,C5DF32. Bronze Age axe unlooped palstave,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/C5DF32.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/191024.jpg
235568,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A cast copper alloy socketed spearhead with one loop missing, and dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1250 BC. Davis Group 6, 'developed side looped'. The surviving loop is a projecting shallow arch through which string or cord would pass to attach the spear head to the shaft. The blade is leaf shaped with a sub-lozenge shaped midrib section with a groove on each side of the rib. The midrib extends to the tip of the narrow blade. The spear head has had a small notch taken out of one edge at the mid point. This was done during removal from the ground. The spear head is suffering from active bronze disease.","
Recorded at a rally
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-10-02T23:00:00Z,2008-10-05T23:00:00Z,,Tickhill 2008,125.4,,,21.5,139.2,1,Kevin Leahy,Stuart Ward,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Tickhill,SK5994,,53.439482,-1.113289,SWYOR-DAC1B5,,21 - Bronze Age spearhead.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spear head,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sward/21 - Bronze Age spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/191138.jpg
235734,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,,"A fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe. The end of the blade and the socket survive. The fracture is ancient and the core is mis-placed and off-centre. Needham (2004) suggests Ewart Park types are similar to this example, dating it to around 800BC. The fragment is 32.2mm long, 43.7mm wide and 14.1 mm thick. It weighs 65.5gm.","
Recorded at a rally
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-10-02T23:00:00Z,2008-10-05T23:00:00Z,,Tickhill 2008,65.5,,,14.1,32.2,1,Kevin Leahy,Stuart Ward,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Tickhill,SK5994,,53.439482,-1.113289,SWYOR-EF93C7,,29 - socketed BA axe.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sward/29 - socketed BA axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/191294.jpg
235837,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-700,"Fragment of possible Late Bronze Age socketed axehead with rib decoration, measuring 13.7x13.3x2mm and weighing 1.49g.

Late Bronze Age socketed axeheads are c.1100 to c.700 in date.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2008-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,1.49,,,2,13.7,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Gloucestershire,Cotswold,Lechlade,SU2099,From a paper map,51.689402,-1.712075,WILT-F45E04,,Belk1008unid.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead (possibly),Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Belk1008unid.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/191369.jpg
236326,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy Palstave with prominent stop-ridge and bisected shield design.

Length: 106.14mm; width: 41.71mm; thickness: 11.28mm; weight: 118.19g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-08-13T23:00:00Z,,,,118.19,,,11.28,106.14,1,Elizabeth Gill,Elizabeth Gill,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,West Wratting,TL6051,From finder,52.134138,0.336312,CAM-8331A2,,CAM-8331A2.jpg,Copper-alloy Palstave Axe,Cambridgeshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hfowler/CAM-8331A2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/317801.jpg
236356,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy awl (probably), consisting of the tang end only. It measures 55.3mm in incomplete length and at the break is 6.7mm wide and 5.4mm thick. This narrows to 5x1.5mm at the opposite end.

The metal is ratehr pitted and worn and a slight ridge (probably the result of casting) runs along either long side towards one face of the awl only. This is rather more prominent towards the break.

Weighs 8.5g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,8.5,,,5.4,55.3,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Woodford,SU1134,From a paper map,51.105196,-1.844264,WILT-84CC21,,Martin1008awl.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Martin1008awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/191860.jpg
236359,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A middle Bronze Age copper alloy spear head with a small head, wide shaft socket and semi-circular loops.

The head of the spear has a pronounced central ridge running along its length. The wide shaft socket is missing a small section from its base.

The patina of the metal is poor. It has most likely come from an iron rich soil and is covered with a layer of iron corrosion products. It is possible to see the copper alloy-surface beneath this in places.

Length: 96.78mm, width: 32.44mm (blade) 35.81mm (loops); thickness: 8.34mm (blade); weight: 95.66g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-06-25T23:00:00Z,,,,95.66,,,8.34,96.78,1,Elizabeth Gill,Elizabeth Gill,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Cambridge,CAMBRIDGE,TL5425,From a paper map,51.902263,0.237036,CAM-84FD36,,,,,,,
236911,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,400,"Incomplete/ fragment of copper alloy possible razor, Late Bronze Age, Iron Age or possibly Roman in date.

The object is roughly rectangular in shape, but broken on three edges. The complete long edge is chamfered (2.2mm to 1.1mm thick), on one face only. The opposite face is completely flat.

A nick in one of the shorter edges is probably the result of damage rather than the vestiges of decoration.

Measures 32.2x19.5x(max)2.2mm and weighs 6.82g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,6.82,,,2.2,32.2,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Longbridge Deverill,ST8640,Centred on parish,51.159077,-2.201576,WILT-07C153,,Davidson1008unid.jpg,Late Bronze Age to Roman razor (possibly),Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Davidson1008unid.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/192397.jpg
237753,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1300,-800,"Fragment of a Bronze Age spear, dating from the Penard to Ewart phases, c. 1300-800 BC.

Only the very tip remains. It has a central raised mid-rib. The edges are broken and uneven and the tip has been blunted.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2008-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,2.4,,,6,18.5,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Buttercrambe with Bossall,SE7160,From a paper map,54.031112,-0.917545,LVPL-AA96E0,,cyril BA spear- LVPL-AA96E0.jpg,"Fragment of a Bronze Age spear, dating from the Penard to Ewart phases, c. 1300-800 BC",The Ashmolean,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/cyril BA spear- LVPL-AA96E0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/194541.jpg
238432,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1500,"A virtually complete cast copper-alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date.  This flanged example is characteristic of the Arreton Park metalwork assemblage.  The blade terminates in a wide, crescentic curved cutting edge.  One of the terminals of this curves to a sharp point while the other is abraded.  Bevelling to create the edge is shallow, beginning just below the line of the terminals.  The flanged sides give the artefact a pointed oval cross section.  They feature flange facets in profile.  They are up to 16.5mm thick, and rise up above the septum by c. 3.5mm at the crests.  The curved butt is slightly abraded (W.: 21.6mm).  Where it survives the patina is a dark green colour.  Otherwise the axe has suffered corrosion, in lighter hues, and more active damage which is a brighter green.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-10-06T23:00:00Z,,,,207,,,16.6,107.1,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Hursley,SU4429,From a paper map,51.058661,-1.373548,HAMP-292E98,,HAMP-292E98flataxehead.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-292E98flataxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/193911.jpg
238493,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-850,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age tanged knife, bent in two places and damaged around the tang. It weighs 16.81g.

The rounded point of the knife is apparantly intact, 8mm wide. It widens, one side being straighter than the other (which has a slight curve) over c.120mm (un-bent). It narrows at the tang to 17.4mm wide (from max.width 19.4mm), and probably further beyond this but edge damage prevents an accurate measurment. At this point is a piercing 5.3mm in diameter, clearly pushed through from one side - it shows on the other with a jagged edge.

The knife has a central mid-rib on one side (being the side with the jagged edge of the hole). It tends to follow the line of the straighter edge of the knife and slightly off-centre. On the other side, the underside of the mid-rib is concave.

The edges of the knife are slightly jagged and also quite thick - 1.8mm in places, compared to 1.2mm at the tang.

The knife has been bent just above the mid-point and just over 90°. Beyond this the tang is also bent at circa 90°, so it is parallel with the lower, unbent part of the knife.

Tanged knives of this type date to the Wilburton phase (LBA2) and into the Ewart Park phase (LBA3), 1000 - 850 BC.

The bent knife measures 73.4x19.2x1.8mm.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2008-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,16.81,,,1.8,73.4,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Urchfont,SU0557,From a paper map,51.312092,-1.929649,WILT-2BE244,,Elms1108knife.jpg,Late Bronze Age tanged knife,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Elms1108knife.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/194629.jpg
238607,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1500,"Cast copper alloy flat axehead. The axe has very slight low flanges on both faces. There is a casting ridge along each side. The axe thins and flares out into a broad cutting edge which is slightly bevelled on both faces. It thins and tapers in the other direction to a rounded butt. The body of the axe is slightly thicker to at the centre than it is at the ends. The surface of the axe has several patches of light green corrosion and damage to the cutting edge, sides and butt. The rest of the surface has a smooth, dark green patina. This flanged example is characteristic of the Arreton Park metalwork assemblage (Kevin Leahy, pers. comm). Date: Early Bronze Age - 16th century BC Dimensions: 121.27 mm x 60.47 mm x 11.32 mm Weight: 256 g",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-10-27T00:00:00Z,,,,256,,,11.32,121.27,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Askerswell,SY5293,,50.734619,-2.681532,DOR-422514,,422514 illust.jpg,422514. Early Bronze Age flat axe,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/422514 illust.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/201827.jpg
238985,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a socketed axehead of Late Bronze Age date. This fragment is the lower part of the blade. Viewed in plan, the sides flare outwards slightly to the cutting edge which is modestly curved. A break has occurred along the base of the socket where the wall of the axe, at this side, was much narrower than the opposite wall. Therefore, this break occurred along a weak point. This suggests that it wasn't made particularly well as the clay moulding placed at the centre of the cast wasn't central when the bronze was poured, resulting in a lopsided socket and one side being thicker. Viewed from the side, the blade is a steep 'V'-shape. The blade surface consists of a number of scratches on one side, where the other side is far too patinated to assess. The surfaces are generally covered in a thick mid-brown patina, with one side still showing the copper alloy surface. It measures 34.90mm x 39.83mm x 14.46mm, weighing 55.76g. Most socketed axes date between 1150-800BC according to Needham, 2004 (unpublished). A similar database example is IOW-84DE82.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,55.76,,,14.46,34.9,1,Stuart Ward,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Scotton,SK8998,From a paper map,53.471222,-0.660655,SWYOR-6D95F1,,PAS 881 socketed axe fragment.jpg,"Axe head, Bronze age",West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 881 socketed axe fragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/194352.jpg
238990,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete, cast copper alloy probable side looped, spearhead dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1250 BC, Davis Group 6, 'developed side looped. This spearhead has a probable narrow leaf shaped blade (top half missing) with a lozenge shaped middle and flat side flanges section. The shaft is circular in section and socketed. To either side of the shaft, halfway along its length, is a lozenge or leaf shaped knop or probable side loop, both of which are slightly flattened against the shaft. There is no peg hole on the shaft. The casting seams are visible down the length of the shaft. The original surface is mostly intact and has a mid brown, orange patina. The object has suffered damage in a variety of forms. The surface is pitted and scratched, and the blade is broken half way and there is a large semi-circular nick at the mouth of the socket. These signs of damage are worn smooth and evenly patinated suggesting that they occurred in antiquity. It measures 121.24mm x 27.82mm x 18.76mm, weighing 82.35g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,82.35,,,18.76,121.24,1,Stuart Ward,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Scotton,SK8998,From a paper map,53.471222,-0.660655,SWYOR-6DA833,,PAS 881 arrowhead.jpg,"Spear head, middle bronze age",West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 881 arrowhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/194351.jpg
239125,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A middle Bronze Age copper alloy tip fragment from a spear head (1500-1150BC). There is a pronounced mid rib extending to the tip with the blade wings projecting from each side. There is a rough irregular break across the width. The break reveals that the spear head is solid with no trace of the socket. Jon Cotton suggests this is probably the tip from a side-looped socketed spear head. Dimensions: length: 73.84mm; width: 20.02mm; thickness: 9.02mm; weight: 16.69g. Identification by Jon Cotton, Senior Prehistoric Curator Museum of London.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being declared not Treasure,Other chance find,2008-11-01T00:00:00Z,,2009T4,,16.69,,,9.02,73.84,1,Jon Cotton,Kate Sumnall,London,Greater London Authority,Wandsworth,East Putney,TQ2475,From finder,51.46040223,-0.21650964,LON-A97617,,Wells - spearhead illustration - 09.jpg,A middle Bronze Age copper alloy tip fragment from a spear head (1500-1150BC). Illustration by Jon Cotton.,Museum of London,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/Wells - spearhead illustration - 09.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/231364.jpg
239439,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1020,-800,"TREASURE CASE 2008 T703: Bronze Age Hoard.











Hoard Content: spear blade tip and socketed axe blade.











Hoard Catalogue











1. The socketed axe fragment is the blade end of the tool. It has expanded blade tips and the casting seams are still apparent along the sides. The blade itself is blunt and there is a profusion of scratches (some of them deep) on the pitted surface. Length 38 millimetres; width 45.5 millimetres; weight 60.18 grams.











2. The spear blade tip has a deep and prominent midrib; both sides of the blade are still present. What might conceivably be the start of the socket is visible at the lower (broken) end of the midrib. The edges of the blades are blunt, having been completed destroyed by corrosion. The rest of the surface is pitted with many scratches. Length 26.3 millimetres; width 13 millimetres; weight 3.78 grams.











Hoard Weight











63.96 grams (before conservation).











Date











There is nothing chronologically sensitive about the hoard components. Socketed axes appear in the middle Bronze Age Taunton phase (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 172-3), which began c. 1500 BC (Needham et al. 1998, 85). But they are not found in any numbers in Essex until later when find numbers peak in the c. 1020-800 BC Ewart Park phase of the late Bronze Age. Theoretically the axe might belong to the c. 800-600 BC Llyn Fawr phase but metalwork of that period is almost unheard of in the county (Cuddeford and Sealey 2000, 15; O'Connor 2007, 64). The only Llyn Fawr axe known to the writer from Essex is a solitary bronze Sompting axe from Walthamstow published as a drawing in the frontispiece to Hatley (1933). Technically therefore the High Laver 2 hoard should be assigned to the broad period c. 1500-600 BC, although the likelihood is that it belongs to the c. 1020-800 BC Ewart Park phase.











An Interpretation of the Finds and Their Status as Potential Treasure











The items catalogued here are bronze or copper-alloy (although no scientific metallurgical analyses of the finds have been undertaken) and were found together the same field. Bearing in mind their date and the fact that both items were found together in direct association and therefore constitute a hoard, there is a prima facie case for considering the find to be treasure, as defined in law.











Author of the Report











Dr Paul R. Sealey, F.S.A. Curator of Archaeology Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service 01206-282932 paul.sealey@colchester.gov.uk











4 December 2008











Bibliography











Cuddeford, M.J. and Sealey, P.R., 2000. 'A late Bronze Age hoard from High Easter', Essex Archaeol. Hist. 31, 1-17











Hatley, A.R., 1933. Early Days in the Walthamstow District (Walthamstow Antiquarian Society Official Publication 28) (Walthamstow)











Needham, S.P., Bronk Ramsay, C., Coombs, D.G., Cartwright, C. and Pettitt, P., 1998. 'An independent chronology for British Bronze Age metalwork: the results of the Oxford radiocarbon accelerator programme', Archaeol. J. 154 for 1997, 55-107











O'Connor, B., 2007. 'Llyn Fawr metalwork in Britain: a review', in C.C. Haselgrove and R.E. Pope (eds), The Earlier Iron Age in Britain and the Near Continent (Oxford), 64-79











Schmidt, P.K. and Burgess, C.B., 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England (Prähistorische Bronzefunde 9.7) (Munich)",,3,Copper alloy,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2008-11-18T00:00:00Z,,2008T703,,,,,,,2,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Epping Forest,High Laver,TL5108,From a paper map,51.750349,0.186056,ESS-D2E633,,2008 T703 socketed axe.jpg,2008 T703 Bronze Age Hoard: socketed Axe,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/2008 T703 socketed axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/195063.jpg
239501,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"A fragment, possibly from the body of a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. However, the body is thin, c3.7mm wide",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,17.11,,,,34.29,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Hook,SU7355,From a paper map,51.289465,-0.954539,SUR-D61415,,08.784.JPG,Bronze Age: Possible socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.784.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/195022.jpg
240129,Piercing Equipment,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2150,1500,"Cast copper alloy tool, probably an awl or engraving tool, possibly of Bronze Age date. The tool is a square sectioned rod which narrows and slightly thins to a rectangular section at the ends. One end narrows to a diagonal blade, the other is broken (the break is patinated) but is also narrowing to a blade or curved end. 
Many Bronze Age awls have been found in excavations and by detectorists, they tend to have a square section in the middle but normally narrow more sharply than this example and have circular sectioned terminals, or one circular sectioned end to allow them to be turned during use (see, for example, the selection published in Piggott (1964), p.113). It is not clear this example would work as an awl without that circular section but it could be some other woodworking or engraving tool of Bronze Age or later date.
It is 95.6mm long, 4.4mm wide and 4.3mm thick in the centre, 3.7mm wide at the complete end. It weighs 10.33 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,10.33,,,4.3,95.6,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Huntingdonshire,Chesterton,TL1295,From a paper map,52.541347,-0.349975,SUSS-692686,,SUSS-692686.JPG,"Awl or engraving tool, possibly Bronze Age - Medieval",Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lburnett/SUSS-692686.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/195671.jpg
240938,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2100,-700,"Bronze Age bronze awl, measuring 63.7mm in length. It weighs 6.18g.

At the centre (the widest point) the awl measures 5.1x5.4mm. To one side it is circular in setion, and narrows to a point 1.1mm in diameter. To the other side, the square section narrows and thins to a flat end 3.3x1.3mm.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2008-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,6.18,,,5.1,63.7,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Urchfont,SU0456,Centred on parish,51.303108,-1.944007,WILT-107A22,,Palmer1208awl.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Palmer1208awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/196589.jpg
241194,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1500,"A corroded small cast copper-alloy flat axehead of probable Early Bronze Age date. This flanged example is characteristic of the Arreton Park metalwork assemblage. The blade terminates in a rounded cutting edge. The terminals are either both abraded or were truncated originally. Bevelling to create the edge is shallow, beginning just below the line of the terminals. The flanged sides give the artefact a pointed oval cross section. They feature low flange facets in profile. They are up to 7.2mm thick, and rise up slightly above the septum at the crests. The curved butt is rounded and slightly abraded (W.: c. 9.5mm). The axe has corroded to a light brown-green colour with some pitting.

Given the existence of miniature votive objects in the Roman period a later date is not ruled out entirely, although it is considered unlikely given the size and metal of this example.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,28.775,,,7.2,53.5,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Wellow,SU2919,From a paper map,50.969692,-1.588369,HAMP-639BF1,,HAMP-639BF1axehead.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-639BF1axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/196828.jpg
241319,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"An Early Bronze Age copper-alloy developed flat axe, Arreton industrial phase, c.1700-1500BC. The blade is wide, but appears to have beren worn down unevenly, meaning that both tips are at a sharp angle. There is no sign of an edge bevel remaining. There are no side nicks at the junction of the haft end with the blade. Very low flanges (c.1mm high). There are convex sides with no casting flashes The butt of the axe appears to be damaged as it is uneven and worn. There is a similar, although larger, example in Rohl and Needham page 127, number 89. Length 51.1mm, width across cutting edge 24.1mm, width at butt end 16.4mm, weight 40.8g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-11-20T00:00:00Z,,,,40.8,,,7.3,51.1,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Frant,TQ6035,From a paper map,51.091996,0.283393,KENT-790595,,IMG_1370.jpg,An Early Bronze Age copper alloy Axe.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/IMG_1370.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/196956.jpg
241443,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy razor. Probably originally triangular in shape, the main cutting edge and the sides are bevelled to produce a thinned edge. Along the sides there are also cast ridges on both faces. There appears to be a curved aperture above the blade, but the razor is broken beyond this point. Date: Late Bronze Age - c. 1200 - 800 BC Dimensions: 53.65 mm x 25.33 mm x 3.97 mm Weight: 17.75 g","
Brendan O'Connor comments: 'This find is even rarer than you thought, since it is not a razor. The blade is too thick - but matches what the French call racloirs triangulaires.'
",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,,17.75,,,9.97,53.65,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Winterbourne Steepleton,,,,,DOR-7FBCE8,,7FBCE8.jpg,7FBCE8. Late Bronze Age razor,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/7FBCE8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/197047.jpg
241535,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A copper alloy cast spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 - 800 BC. The fragment is lozenge shaped in section, with the blade and midrib surviving. The tang or shaft would have been helpful in identifying it to a certain date, but this part is missing. However, as the midrib extends to the tip of the blade, which is of narrow form, the spearhead might be assigned a classification of no earlier than Davis Group 6. It measures 67.4mm x 22.8mm x 8.1mm, weighing 33.65g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-10-12T23:00:00Z,,,,33.65,,,8.1,67.4,1,Stuart Ward,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Metheringham,TF0962,Centred on parish,53.14400547,-0.37182417,SWYOR-90C3E5,,PAS 925 spearhead.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 925 spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/197222.jpg
241592,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-900,A fragment comprising the butt end of a palstave axe of Middle to Late Bronze Age date. The fragment retains the ends of the side ridges.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,23.15,,,,26.59,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Elmbridge,WALTON ON THAMES,TQ1158,From a paper map,51.3103,-0.40886,-SUR 928271.00,,08.878.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.878.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/197215.jpg
241987,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"Two small ingot fragments, possibly of Bronze Age date though neither object suggests it was part of a bun-shaped ingot. The fragments weigh 29.33g and 35.66g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,2,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Elmbridge,WALTON ON THAMES,TQ1158,From finder,51.3103,-0.40886,SUR-9FEA72,,08.879.JPG,Bronze Age: Metalworking debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.879.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/197216.jpg
242605,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-900,1500,"A fragment of a hollow cast object with two slightly concave sides orientated at about 80 degrees. The object is worn, may have burnt and blackened exterior surfaces and has two ledges cast inside the hollow. Remains of what appear to be a clay mould survive.",The object is of uncertain date. It has the appearance of a socketed axe of Bronze Age date but the cast internal ledges suggest otherwise.,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,28.01,,,,37.21,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Hook,SU7355,From a paper map,51.289465,-0.954539,SUR-4A1232,,08.909.JPG,Uncertain date: Hollow cast object,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.909.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/197582.jpg
242609,Weight,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"Undatable copper alloy conical weight or casting sprue, weighing 43.47g. It stands 30.34mm in height and has a diameter of 25.46mm at its base, which is rough.

All original patina is lost. The object is not a perfect cone but lists to one side. The top does not narrow to a point but rather flattens to a point.

Bronze Age to Post-Medieval in date.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-10-30T00:00:00Z,,,,43.47,,25.46,,30.34,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Calne Without,ST9770,Generated from computer mapping software,51.428996,-2.044541,WILT-4A2D61,,RF34.jpg,Undatable casting waste,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/RF34.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/215803.jpg
242943,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1500,"Cast Bronze Age flanged axe from the Arreton Down period, dating to c.1700- 1500 BC.

It is very worn and the blade and flanges are not complete. In plan it is almost rectangular as the blade and terminal are so worn. In the side view the flanges still protrude. 
The patina is mostly brown due to mud but there are patches of light green which is indicative of corrosion.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2008-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,63.8,,,,74,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Yorkshire and the Humber,York,York,Askham Richard,SE5447,From finder,53.91634,-1.179345,LVPL-73FD92,,LVPL-73FD92.jpg,"Cast Bronze Age flanged axe from the Arreton Down period, dating to c.1700- 1500 BC",National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/LVPL-73FD92.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/198589.jpg
243243,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1400,"A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axe (1500 - 1400BC). From the flat butt of this palstave there is an expanded flange on each side that extend 70mm down the length towards the cutting edge. In between the two flanges is a flat groove 'septum' with a stop ridge across the width where the ends of the prongs of the wooden handle would rest to haft the palstave to the handle. The stop ridge prevents the butt of the palstave from splitting the handle. Just below the stop ridge at the top of the blade is a semi-circular ridge with central double ribs forming a 'shield-pattern'. The blade then expands to the curved cutting edge which is bevelled for sharpness. The copper alloy has a rough mid-pale green patina; there is some surface and edge damage. This palstave is very similar to examples from the ""Acton Park"" axe-industry that emerged at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age in north Wales (Savory 1980:45-6). Dimensions: length: 165.68mm; width of cutting edge: 64.01mm; thickness: 27.25mm; weight: 400.36g. Reference: Savory, H. N. 1980. Guide Catalogue of Bronze Age Collections. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. CSP Printing of Cardiff.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,400.36,,,27.25,165.68,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Buntingford,TL3429,From a paper map,51.94337,-0.05192,LON-B60A98,,Steele  - BA axe - aug 08v2.jpg,A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axe (1500 – 1400BC),Museum of London,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/Steele  - BA axe - aug 08v2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/219975.jpg
243628,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1500,1800,"A cast copper alloy cone with shallow flutings along each side. Within the end is a tapering rounded cavity 5.7mm deep. The object is patinated light green and gives the appearance of antiquity, possibly even prehistoric, but this is far from being certain.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,3.25,,10.34,,11.39,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Lingfield,TQ3846,From finder,51.196561,-0.026335,SUR-E0E905,,08.944.JPG,Undated: Unidentified object,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.944.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/198913.jpg
243733,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age sword which is 27.4mm long, 28mm wide and 5.3mm thick. The blade is lentoid in section tapering to a point at each side. Both ends are broken and the damage is not recent. There is too little remaining of the sword to suggest a more specific date. Another similarly conditioned and shaped blade fragment on the database (SWYOR-ADCF83) is dated to the late Bronze Age. On this basis, a possible late bronze age date can be suggested for this. The surface is slightly pitted and has a light brown patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,,17.09,,,5.3,27.4,1,Stuart Ward,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Leeds,Leeds,Aberford,SE4537,From a paper map,53.827326,-1.31782,SWYOR-F14BA0,,PAS 929 BA sword blade.jpg,Bronza Age sword fragment,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 929 BA sword blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/198846.jpg
243833,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1300,"
A complete but highly corroded Middle Bronze Age cast copper-alloy palstave axehead from the Taunton phase. It is unlooped with low flanges. The is a recessed sub-triangular depression beyond the stop ridge on both faces.
",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-13T00:00:00Z,,,,226.5,,,19.3,150,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Southwick and Widley,SU6609,From a paper map,50.876737,-1.063294,HAMP-F72885,,HAMP-F72885palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-F72885palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/199074.jpg
244405,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"A copper alloy fragment, possibly part of a Bronze Age tool. The fragment is rectangular in section, has a curved end (cutting edge?) and is triangular in profile. It may be the very tip of a Bronze Age axe, but the sides of the blade do not flare as much as is usual. Not enough survives to suggest whether it was from a flat axe, palstave or socketed axe, but if it was from a tool of this sort, it was from one with an unusually narrow blade. The surface of the metal is corroded and pitted with a thick bluish green patina. There are no recent breaks. The possible axe fragment is 23.8mm long, 35mm wide and 9.4mm thick. It weighs 30.79g. The parallel most similar in cutting edge shape is a flat axe, number 174 in the Catalogue of the Prehistoric Metalwork in Merseyside County Museums by Nicholson. The parallel is unprovenanced and is a little wider then this example.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-09-09T23:00:00Z,2008-09-09T23:00:00Z,,,30.79,,,9.4,35,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Hunsingore,SE4354,From finder,53.980277,-1.345821,SWYOR-701257,,PAS 939 axe.jpg,Bronze Age axe fregment,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 939 axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/199636.jpg
244501,Bridle Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,EARLY MEDIEVAL,-1150,1066,"prehistoric? or early medieval copper alloy fitting, 29mm long, 28mm wide and 8mm thick. The object is in a fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 9.04grams. The object is sub-rectangular in form and section and consists of a circular sectioned loop which has four semi-circular protrusions evenly spaced on its outer edge. Sitting above these on the face are four sub-spherical knops. Between two of these knops is a central cross bar formed in two parts. The lower part sits on the same plane as the circular loop, whilst the other sits above it, joining the sub-spherical knops together. This forms a rectangular recess which would have taken a strap.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,9.04,,,8,29,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Erewash,Breaston,SK4632,GPS (from the finder),52.883501,-1.317861,LEIC-732185,,732185a.JPG,Iron age? copper alloy harness fitting,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/732185a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/199793.jpg
244776,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A biconical bead made of sheet gold with a central perforation for suspension. The bead is damaged and misshapen, with a snag and a tear evident (maximum diameter 13.5mm, maximum height/width 8.0mm, thickness of sheet <0.1mm, weight 0.84g). The gold wire is sub-rectangular in cross-section, with curving meanders, suggesting it was once coiled. One terminal has a globular shaped head; the other has a flattened and folded back hook terminal (maximum current length 40.7mm, diameter of wire 0.7-1.0mm, weight 1.13g).","These two artefacts were found at the same location as the Burton hoard (TAR 2004, no.485). These artefacts therefore represent additions to the original hoard. The biconical bead is of identical form and similar dimensions to three other examples within the hoard. In Britain and France, good parallels may be found in Middle Bronze Age contexts (1400-1100BC). The gold wire was found attached to the biconical bead, the flattened hook terminal being held inside the interior of the bead. This object is hard to parallel, however its terminals resemble hook and clasp terminals on cuff armlets and ribbon torcs of gold, which date to between 1600-1300BC. The wire may once have been a finger ring joined with 'bulb and clasp' terminals. Semi-quantitative metallurgical analysis of both the bead and the wire indicated a very high gold composition, with a small percentage of silver and 1-1.5% copper.",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2007-07-31T23:00:00Z,,2007W13,,0.84,,13.5,,,1,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Rossett,SJ3558,,53.115202,-2.972578,NMGW-99E8C7,,DH003184_02.jpg,Middle Bronze Age gold bead and wire,National Museums and Galleries of Wales,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH003184_02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/200285.jpg
244802,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A small penannular ring of sheet gold construction, with simple terminals separated by a narrow gap. The sheet strip has been carefully folded over, to give an oval shaped cross-section, the internal edges around the interior diameter being separated by a gap of 1-1.5mm. The ring has been dinted, with a compression crimp in one place causing a small tear.











This ring finds parallel with both penannular gold rings and 'hair-rings' of the Middle and Late Bronze Age (1400-800BC), which are now generally thought to be either hair or ear adornments. Rings of twisted bar or circular rod construction tend to date to the Middle Bronze Age, while 'hair rings' covered with gold foil, electrum wire or plating are most common during the Late Bronze Age. This example may represent the transition between solid gold and foil construction, therefore as a potentially early example of a 'hair-ring', could date to as early as the end of the Middle Bronze Age (1300-1150BC). Semi-quantitative analysis of the ring indicates a very high gold composition, with a small percentage of silver and 1% copper. The ring was found in the lower fill of a ditch at the periphery of a settlement, providing important dating evidence for its occupation during the Later Bronze Age.",,3,Gold,,,Controlled archaeological investigation (stratified),2007-09-30T23:00:00Z,,20070723,,1.41,,14.8,3.7,,1,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Isle of Anglesey,Isle of Anglesey,Trearddur,SH2580,From finder,53.287994,-4.626791,NMGW-9AC224,,Trearddur 2007 07.23b.JPG,Trearddur 07.23b,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smcfarlane/Trearddur 2007 07.23b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/291043.jpg
245449,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"A fragment of a copper alloy bun-shaped ingot, probably of Bronze Age date. The fragment retains part of the circumference.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,52.5,,,13.82,31.16,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Nutfield,TQ2948,From a paper map,51.216636,-0.15435,SUR-19A173,,08.1016.JPG,Bronze Age: Ingot fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.1016.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/200676.jpg
246098,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"A cast copper alloy chisel. The chisel has a rectangular sectioned, tapering tang. The blade flares out into a trianguar shape with a broad cutting edge. There is some damage to the formerly straight cutting edge and the whole chisel is slightly curved.
Date: Late Bronze Age
Dimensions: 64.35 mm  x 20.38 mm  x 1.01 mm
Weight: 10.11 g",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,,10.11,,,4.01,64.35,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Compton Abbas,ST8618,From finder,50.961251,-2.200718,DOR-BFD933,,BFD933.jpg,BFD933. Late Bronze Age chisel,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/BFD933.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/201504.jpg
246374,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze age copper alloy chisel tip? 31mm long, 20mm wide and 11mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green/brown patina and weighs 27.90 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,27.9,,,11,31,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Skeffington,SK7402,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.610747,-0.908591,LEIC-1A0127,,1A0127.JPG,Skeffington: Bronze age copper alloy Chisel,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/1A0127.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/201995.jpg
247006,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"CORONER'S REPORT



Description of object



1. Twisted gold penannular gold bracelet fragment. The bracelet is made on a rectangular-sectioned (4.1mm x 3.1mm) bar and has a plain unexpanded terminal. The edges and corners of the terminal are sub-rounded. The bracelet is twisted, giving the body of the bracelet a (concave-sided) lozenge-shaped profile. The bracelet has a comparatively loose twist (of 180 degrees on the fragment) and approximately one-third of the original length is represented. The break would appear to have been cut through a little over half the thickness and bent or twisted through the remainder. The curvature on the bracelet fragment is likely to be similar to the original.



Length - 40.0mm (Approximate straightened length - 58mm); Width- 4mm;Thickness - 3.1mm; Wt. 10.2g



Discussion



The penannular bracelet is of bar-twisted type characteristic dating to c. 1300-1100 BC known in Ireland and Britain. Eogan (1994, p50) classifies the form of bar bracelet as type iii. The bracelet fragment can be closely paralleled with two complete examples found at Saintjohns, Co. Kildare (Eogan, 1994, p 63, fig 27B 2-3, plate XII, Taylor 1980 ref. CoKd 9-10). Twisted gold bracelets and torcs have been found in fields in Wiltshire and throughout southwest England though they have tended to be deposited with accompanying gold objects (Roberts 2007).



Analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the artefact was carried out using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The object was examined whole within the specimen chamber. The percentages presented are semi-quantitative only. Analysis suggests that the metal is composed of c. 86% gold and 12% silver. The composition is broadly consistent with Middle Bronze Age gold-working.","Previous Entry



Twisted gold penannular gold bracelet fragment. The bracelet is made on a rectangular-sectioned (4.1mm x 3.1mm) bar and has a plain unexpanded terminal. The edges and corners of the terminal are sub-rounded. The bracelet is twisted, giving the body of the bracelet a (concave-sided) lozenge-shaped profile. The bracelet has a comparatively loose twist (of 180 degrees on the fragment) and approximately one-third of the original length is represented. The break would appear to have been cut through a little over half the thickness and bent or twisted through the remainder. The curvature on the bracelet fragment is likely to be similar to the original.



The penannular bracelet is of bar-twisted type characteristic dating to c. 1300-1100 BC known in Ireland and Britain. Eogan (1994, p50) classifies the form of bar bracelet as type iii. The bracelet fragment can be closely paralleled with two complete examples found at Saintjohns, Co. Kildare (Eogan, 1994, p 63, fig 27B 2-3, plate XII, Taylor 1980 ref. CoKd 9-10). Twisted gold bracelets and torcs have been found in fields in Wiltshire and throughout southwest England though they have tended to be deposited with accompanying gold objects (Roberts 2007).",3,Gold,,,Metal detector,2007-05-19T23:00:00Z,,2007T510,,10.2,,,3.1,40,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Seagry,ST9580,From finder,51.518897,-2.073453,NMGW-A93765,,Seagry 2007T510.JPG,Seagry 2007T510,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smcfarlane/Seagry 2007T510.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/299108.jpg
247665,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1500,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date.  This flanged example is characteristic of the Arreton Park metalwork assemblage.  The blade terminates in a wide, crescentic curved cutting edge with rounded terminals.  Bevelling to create the edge is shallow, beginning just below the line of the terminals.  The flanged sides give the artefact a rounded 'H-shaped' cross section.  They feature flange facets in profile.  They are up to 13.95mm thick, and rise up above the septum by c. 3.5mm at the crests.  The body of the axe is broken towards the haft end. Where it survives the patina is a dark green colour.  Otherwise the axe has suffered corrosion, in lighter hues, and more active damage which is a brighter green; the pitting and scratches are considerable in places.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-10-06T23:00:00Z,,,,163,,,13.95,80.3,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Hursley,SU4429,From a paper map,51.058661,-1.373548,HAMP-291EB7,,HAMP-291EB7flataxe.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-291EB7flataxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/202821.jpg
248275,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-750,"Socket fragment from a late Bronze Age spear. The socket was once circular in cross-section and tapering to blade, though now only approximately half of the socket remains. The exterior surface is decorated with incised bands; one is located at the rim and another circa 2cm above it. The interior of the socket has a light brown deposit on it.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,2,34,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Haugh,TF4175,From a paper map,53.253284,0.112019,LIN-6C6DA2,,LIN7870.JPG,Late Bronze Age spear socket.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN7870.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/203068.jpg
248664,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1500,-700,"Two small copper alloy ingots, both probably of Bronze Age date.

1. 79g, 17.55mm thick
2. 56.18g, 15.64mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,2,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,Banstead Village,TQ2759,From a paper map,51.315944,-0.179068,SUR-E85056,,08.1119.JPG,Bronze Age: ingot fragments,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.1119.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/203578.jpg
248752,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A pair of corroded cast copper-alloy awls or tracers of possible Bronze Age date. Both artefacts have a square cross-section that tapers to a point at both ends. On the longer the squareness is more obvious, perhaps as it has suffered from less corrosion; at one end, at which the object curves, the tapering is less pointed. On the shorter the body is thicker and the object narrows to what is argubaly a 'tang'. Such construction is typical of prehistoric awls which are thought to date from the late Bronze Age. The darker (and longer) has the following dimensions: L.: 74.35mm, max. Th.: 5.3mm, Wt.: 9.71g. The lighter (shorter) has the following dimensions: L.: 63.95mm, max. Th.: 7.05mm, Wt.: 7.5g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-02-10T00:00:00Z,,,,17.21,,,,,2,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Micheldever,SU4939,From a paper map,51.148172,-1.300855,HAMP-FA3FB4,,HAMP-FA3FB4awls.jpg,Pair of Bronze Age awls (possibly),Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-FA3FB4awls.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/203678.jpg
249950,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-900,"Fragment of middle Bronze Age palstave. The fragment consists of the blade edge portion and is solid but with 9.92mm of the hollow interior.

Length: 30.93mm; thickness; 8.71mm; weight: 40.64g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-10-30T00:00:00Z,,,,40.64,,,8.71,30.93,1,Elizabeth Gill,Elizabeth Gill,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Duxford,TL4745,From a paper map,52.083841,0.143935,CAM-E42171,,e42171.jpg,e42171-Fragmnet of Bronze Age palstave,Cambridgeshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/egill/e42171.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/204826.jpg
250057,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2200,-1900,"Incomplete Early Bronze Age bronze/ copper alloy flat axehead, with a damaged cutting edge and butt. It measures 83.50mm in length and weighs 111.42g. It max.width (damaged cutting edge) is 33.80mm, its min.width 14.00mm.

The sides narrow to the butt and the flanges have been hammered higher on one face than the other. The sides are 12.85mm high (body of axe 9.77mm). The (mostly missing) cutting edge seems to expand at the (oldish) break.

The butt (which is 2.58mm in thickness) is slightly damaged.

The surface of the metal is pitted and some of the patina has flaked away. One face has an off-centre hole which does not pierce through to the other side, although there is a slight bulge in the metal there which could represent a shallow stop ridge. The hole is 5.46mm in diameter and 4.27mm deep.

The hole, which appears to have been drilled intentionally in antiquity, may represent ritual destruction of the axehead. Dot Bruns (FLO Lancashire and Cumbria) comments that both blade and body damage might be in common: Usually the blade is more affected than the body of the axe but there is no reason why they wouldn't have tried to damage the body as well.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,111.42,,,12.85,83.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Wootton Bassett,SU0681,From a paper map,51.527881,-1.914903,WILT-F8A826,,Gillett0309flataxe.jpg,Early Bronze Age Flat Axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Gillett0309flataxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/204801.jpg
250072,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1250,"A complete cast copper-alloy undecorated Picardy pin of Middle Bronze Age date. The pin has a slightly domed circular head (Dia.: c. 11.15mm).  Below the head the shaft tapers to a diameter of 4.35mm before swelling to a maximum diameter of 5.95mm. From the swelling the pin tapers gradually to a point.  The pin has been bent through ninety degrees; it is so thick there is a diagonal bend at the point of the right angle. Furthermore, the tip has been bent upwards and to the side slightly.  The artefact has developed a variable mid blue-green patina with some areas of corrosion. It would be c. 170mm long if straight.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1994-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,22.73,,,,106.05,1,Sally Worrell,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Hursley,SU4428,From a paper map,51.04967,-1.373669,HAMP-F9F576,,HAMP-F9F576pin.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Picardy pin,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-F9F576pin.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/204951.jpg
250542,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2000,200,"Copper alloy bead of uncertain date.

The bead is oval in plan and is narrow at the loop, widening around the bead. It is hollow and was cast.

Beads this shape have been variously assigned to the Bronze Age, Iron Age/Roman and Post Medieval periods. They are difficult to date when found out of context but other objects from this area suggest it may be of an earlier date rather than later.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,0.7,,11.35,5.02,,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,York,,SE5649,From a paper map,53.934102,-1.148534,LVPL-37ACD4,,LVPL-37ACD4.jpg,Copper alloy bead of uncertain date,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/LVPL-37ACD4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/211411.jpg
251194,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,The tapering square-sectioned terminal of a copper alloy awl of probable Bronze Age date.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-09-05T23:00:00Z,,,,2.02,,,4.4,18.93,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3984,From a paper map,51.553545,-1.438893,-SUR 231000.00,,08.1281.JPG,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.1281.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/205949.jpg
253172,Weapon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a flat blade, possibly from a dagger. The fragment is pitted and has a flat, tapering. central ridge.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,10.73,,,3.56,29.44,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Clandon,TQ0350,From finder,51.239891,-0.525897,SUR-8A9F22,,08.1232.JPG,Bronze Age: Weapon,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/08.1232.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/207897.jpg
253230,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"This is a very fine early Bronze Age (1800-1100BC) flat axe in copper alloy.  The axe is thickened to the middle section with a very well developed recurved or splayed blade.  The face of the axe has a parallel sides leading to the butt, which is square and taken to an 'edge', which may have been useable.



Not withstanding the very well executed recurved blade, the axe shows no sign of having been 'flanged'.  The blade has signs of use with some chipping away of the curve.  The face sides behind the blade edge are also marked with lines/gauges being perpendicular to, and at an angle to the natural cutting action.



Overall, the axe is heavily pitted with a dark green/black patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2006-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,147.5,,,11.63,90.34,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Rossett,SJ3458,From finder,53.115079,-2.987516,CPAT-ACEA03,,2827-0002.jpg,Bronze Age - Flat Axe,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2827-0002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/209108.jpg
253254,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,"Cast copper alloy chisel. A small chisel with a broad, slightly flaring blade and a curving cutting edge. The blade thins towards the sides and to the cutting edge. The tang is rectangular in cross section and sharply narrowed from the blade. It tapers to a point. This object is similar to DOR-BFD933 and SUR-EB0AB6.
Date: Late Bronze Age - c. 1100 - 800 BC
Dimensions: 44.43 mm x 17.92 mm x 2.81 mm
Weight: 6.44g",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-19T00:00:00Z,,,,6.44,,,2.81,44.43,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Chettle,ST9413,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),50.91643,-2.086723,DOR-C367E2,,C367E2.jpg,C367E2. Late Bronze Age copper alloy chisel,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/C367E2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/208034.jpg
253264,Rod,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"A wrought gold loop on unknown date, but probably Bronze Age. The loop is formed from wrought gold wire (th: 2.57mm) which has been bent into a drop shape. Where the ends cross, the loop has been cut, with evidence for four strikes. One cut put a wedge in the object but did not completely sever it. A second cut severed one end of the loop. The two remaining cuts are both part of the severing of the other end of the loop. The gold is probably a gold-silver alloy. There are no direct comparisons, but similar cutmarks have been observed on Bronze Age gold objects, for example no 25.1 in Treasure Annual Report 2004. Therefore, the object cannot be dated with any certainty, but it is most probably Bronze Age in date.",,4,Gold,Silver,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2009-03-08T00:00:00Z,,2009T204,,2.5,,2.66,2.57,16.21,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Brafferton,SE4371,GPS (from the finder),54.133056,-1.343418,NCL-C42B73,,DSCN9389.JPG,Early Medieval (possibly): gold loop,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/DSCN9389.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/207990.jpg
254214,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1200,"A middle Bronze Age sidelooped spearhead dating to c. 1300-1200BC. The socketed is slightly flared at its 'open' end, and 20.33mm in diameter, (internal 14.52mm). The loops, which are flattened, are situated roughly half way along the shaft. The head is leaf shaped. The socket is a pronounced mid-rib and the edges of the wings are chamfered. The max width of the wings, and spearhead, is 42.84mm. The outer edge of the wings are 1.58mm thick. The patina is a greenish brown and there is a small amount of corrosion on the wings. The side-looped spearhead dates to the Middle Bronze Age. This object corresponds woth the Caemaes phase/Acton Park II.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,10.19,,,17.56,113.12,1,Vanessa Oakden,Vanessa Oakden,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Knockin,,Centred on parish,,,LVPL-6CE375,,DSCN2732.JPG,A middle Bronze Age sidelooped spearhead dating to c. 1300-1200BC.,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/voakden/DSCN2732.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/211057.jpg
254587,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,1100,,"Here we have a near complete Bronze Age socketed axehead circa 1100BC with unusually clean lines not unlike the South-Eastern class A.  The mouth of the socket is sub-rectangular with a single square form moulding at the top edge, beneath that is an attachment loop, now broken.  In plan view, the axe has parallel sides that are then subtly flared to give the blade form.  The blade edge appears worn and is now showing signs of corrosion.


The lower surfaces of the blade have scratches perpendicular to a cutting action and to one side.


The overall impression is that this axe is from the Hallstatt A2 phase, perhaps Wilburton in its simplistic yet elegant style.   The axe has a pleasant dark green patina with some iron staining; there is also a small casting flaw to the narrow side, opposite the loop.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-08-19T23:00:00Z,,,,103,,,,84.6,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Llay,SJ3256,From finder,53.096852,-3.016968,CPAT-005572,,2827-0017.jpg,Bronze Age - South Eastern/hallstatt - Socketed,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2827-0017.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/209419.jpg
254717,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1140,"Here we have a fragment of a middle Bronze Age copper alloy dirk or sword, circa 1200BC. The blade has a shallow but discernible midrib section, clear 'shoulders' and two rivet holes to the butt end.



Given the parallel edges, the simple rivet form and the possible length if this blade, I would err on the side of this being a dirk. The patina is now a very dark black/green due in part perhaps, to some restorative action.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-09T00:00:00Z,,,,49.8,,,4.1,105,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Rossett,SJ3558,GPS (from the finder),53.115202,-2.972578,CPAT-1503C2,,2827-0025.jpg,Bronze Age - Edged weapon - Dirk,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2827-0025.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/209478.jpg
254809,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A very well preserved Middle Bronze Age lanceolate spearhead with a lozenge section mid-rib. The spearhead is socketed although one section of the spearhead socket is missing. There are no attaching peg holes visible on the socket; this may have been in the missing section or lower down the socket shaft. The spearhead measures 143.73mm in length and 33.49mm in width. The diameter of the shaft is 15.31mm, while the shoulders measure 10.91mm thick. The spearhead weighs 79 gms.",,4,,,,Fieldwalking,2008-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,,79,,15.31,10.91,143.73,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Marcham,SU4297,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.670211,-1.394072,BERK-19A8E3,,connors002.jpg,Marcham: Bronze Age spear head,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/connors002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/212366.jpg
255461,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-950,-750,"Bronze Age sword from the Ewart Park Phase, dating from c.950-750 BC.

It is mostly complete although the hilt has broken at the shoulder so the grip and finial are missing. The blade length appears complete although the tip is flattened rather than pointed which suggests the very end is missing. The edges of the blade are uneven all the way around where small pieces have broken off. 

The blade widens from the tip, reaching its widest point at mid-blade. It then begins to narrow to the waist. It widens slighly again to meet the hilt section. The section between the waist and the shoulder has a narrowing of the blade then a sub-trianglular section. This section would have led into the grip but it has broken before it reaches here. There are two circular rivets on this section, one on either side. The sword has broken just after the rivets.

The sword has an unven light green patina with patches of darker green and brown. It has some corrosion in patches on the surface. The hilt in particular has a lot of corrosion on.

Fits in Needham Period 7 950-750 CAL BC / Metalwork stage XII",,4,,,,Other chance find,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,555,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,East Midlands,Leicestershire,,,,From a paper map,,,LVPL-82C528,,sword full length.jpg,Bronze Age sword from the Ewart Park Phase,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/sword full length.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/210063.jpg
255489,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Probably Late Bronze Age bronze/ copper alloy casting sprue, weighing 28.5g. It is shaped like a funnel and smooth around the edges, while rough on top (at the ‘open’ end). This end measures 26.02x16.86mm. The casting sprue stands 22.52mm with a (old) break at the other end, 17.02x5.76mm. This break is D-shaped in section, as is the trunk of the sprue (which is parallel sided).",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,28.5,,,16.86,22.52,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Hale,SU1717,Centred on parish,50.952185,-1.759358,WILT-83C855,,Bolger0509castingsprue.jpg,Bronze Age (probably) casting sprue,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Bolger0509castingsprue.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/210462.jpg
255493,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axehead, consisting of part of the mouth and body below. It measures 30.64x36.07x4.28mm and weighs 19.8g.

The mouth (6.60mm thick) has single moulding and has a rib below from which extends at least three vertical ribs before the (old) breaks. Between mouth and rib moulding is a blob of metal from the casting process.

The diameter of the socketed opening would have been c.45mm. Axes with rib decoration date to the Ewart Park and Llynfawr phases, 900-700 BC.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,19.8,,,,30.64,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Hale,SU1717,,50.952185,-1.759358,WILT-83D948,,Bolger0509socketedaxe.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Bolger0509socketedaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/210472.jpg
255502,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"Fragment of Early (or Middle) Bronze Age bronze flanged axehead (or possibly palstave axehead although the flanges are a bit low), consisting of the damaged butt end only. It measures 24.43x(max)26.86x(max)8.77mm and weighs 25.15g.

The damaged butt end appears to be complete at one corner and broken at the other. Just off centre is a bubble in the metalwork, possibly contributing to the break by weakening the metal.

The break at the other end of the fragment is I-shaped in section, just as the flanges are beginning to develop. The fragment is too small with not enough surviving of the flanges to tie it down further.

1900 – 1100 BC.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,25.15,,,8.77,24.43,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Hale,SU1717,Centred on parish,50.952185,-1.759358,WILT-840B36,,Bolger0509flangedaxe.jpg,Early (/Middle) Bronze Age flanged (/palstave) axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Bolger0509flangedaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/210469.jpg
255788,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"A 5-coil gold penannular ring, cut at each terminal. Each coil is made individually from a solid gold wire. The wire is circular in section.



In addition to being cut, the ring has been damaged due to bending, with two of the wires separating from the rest and bending at different angles. This damage indicates that the coils were probably heated and then pressed together along their lengths, as there is a slight flattening of the coils along the lengths revealed.



For comparisons, see 2005 T495.",The age and precious metal content of this item therefore qualify it as treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.,3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2009-04-15T23:00:00Z,,2009T248,,5.4,,,1.49,26.58,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Hepple,NZ0196,From finder,55.25817,-1.985811,NCL-9A0DA1,,DSCN0405.JPG,Bronze Age gold ring,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/DSCN0405.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/210339.jpg
255964,Pestle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2100,-700,"Coarse-grained gabbro cobble with heavy use as a pestle around most of the perimeter (Henrietta Quinnell forthcoming). The pestle is round in plan, with two rounded sides, and plano-convex in section. The pestle is flat and smooth on the face that was used for rubbing, and more convex on the opposite face, where it was held and pushed across a base or mortar for grinding. The gabbro is a coarse-grained variety, probably from Cudden Point, Perranuthnoe, about 4 miles across Mounts Bay (Jens Andersen pers comm), containing pale pink felspars and dark grey pyroxene inclusions. The soft felspars would work into hollows and the hard pyroxene, as a silicate mineral, would stand proud of the surface, thus allowing a shearing action to cut and grind the grain. The shape of the pestle suggests that it was made from a beach cobble. Jones (2002) illustrates a similar example excavated from Callestick on page 29, Fig.13, No.95 which is dated to the Later Bronze Age, c.1100-700 BC. Nowakowski (1991) illustrates a similar example excavated from Trethellan on page 142, Fig.57, No.87, which dates from the Middle Bronze Age, c.1500-1200 BC.",,4,,,Donated to a museum after being disclaimed as Treasure,Fieldwalking,2007-11-09T00:00:00Z,2007-11-09T00:00:00Z,,,,,,51,82,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Paul,SW4526,GPS (from the finder),50.079285,-5.565627,CORN-B62B84,,May09finds 009.jpg,Bronze Age gabbro pestle (profile),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/May09finds 009.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/211374.jpg
256038,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1500,-1150,"Cast bronze (copper alloy) side looped and socketed spear (spearhead) of Middle Bronze Age date (1500 - 1150 BC). The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with an incomplete and abraded sub-oval / leaf-shaped blade. The hollow socket is near complete with a small area of relatively modern damage at the base. Two single cast ‘string’ side loops  are present, one on either edge. The spearhead measures 102.5mm length, has a maximum width (across base of socket) 15.5mm and maximum thickness of 15.4mm (across same place). The depth of the socket is 75.9mm. The spearhead weighs 30.21 grams. 

The tip of the spearhead is complete however the side blades have been much abraded in the soil, loosing most of their shape and also the cutting edges. However, the overall shape of the blade can be best described as being leaf-shaped. The surviving width of the blade is 14.8mm. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering (tip to base) lozenge shaped midrib, which projects further on one face than the other. This midrib expands into the socket of the spear and is best described as being conical in shape. At the mouth of the socket it has a diameter of 15.5mm and a thickness of 1.5mm. The base of the socket is feathered by abrasion. The central raised line of the mid-rib does not extend into the socket as a decorative feature. Positioned approximately 1/3 of the length of the socket parallel with the blade are two oval shaped string loops. The loop has a maximum length of 10.4mm, width 2.6mm, and thickness of 1mm. The internal diameter of the loop measures 4.2mm x 2mm. The cross section is lentoid. Both loops are filled to some extent with an orange corrosion product, probably an iron pan, due to the burial conditions. These loops would have originally been used to help attach and secure the spearhead to the wooden shaft. They also may have been used as suspension loops for some form of tassel or decoration. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The casting seams on either edge of the spear have trimmed and hammered flat. 

The spearhead is a mid-brown green colour with an even but much corroded patina. The patina has been abraded in several areas and there are several areas with an unstable surface. Some of these unstable surfaces have been caused by corrosion, which has caused the metal to laminate slightly. There are a number of concreated areas of iron staining, probably due to burial conditions. There is no evidence for the preservation of organic material within the socket. 

Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham’s Period 5 (c. 1500 – 1150 BC). Two similar examples of the overall style of spearhead are illustrated in Savory: Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections ref: 230, Llanbeblig, Caern. and 337:2 Nantcwnlle, Cards. The later example was discovered in an excavation of a burial mound in association with a Pygmy Cup. The metal of this example has been analysed and found to be of Cemmaes metal dated to the period 1400-1200 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,,,,,30.21,,,15.4,102.5,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Wem Rural,,,,,HESH-C348E5,,HESH-C348E5_5.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Looped and Socketed Spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/preavill/HESH-C348E5_5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/274840.jpg
256239,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1700,"Cast bronze (copper alloy) decorated developed flat axe of early Bronze Age date (2000-1700BC). The axe is relatively small but is complete with very little wear to the butt end. The blade is much worn and also much sharpened creating a distinct curved blade. The lower body / blade of the axe is decorated with punched pellets. This axe best fits into Developed Flat Axe typology, specifically Type: Bandon. These are dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II / III), of metalworking stage IV-V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL. BC.  The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in plan with a splayed and worn crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. In cross section the axe is sub-rectangular with very slight raised edges / side flanges (H shaped). The overall length is 78.0mm and the axe weighs 43.71 grams. The butt is slight and narrow with a distinct D shaped rounded end. It is also relatively thin (1.0mm thickness, width 11.6mm). The long sides (edges) of the axe are relatively straight and expanding from the butt to the base of the blade. The edges of the axe have been raised slightly, probably by hammering rather than casting, to form very slight flanges. It should be noted that where there are raised flanges on both faces there is a distinct groove on the inner face of the axe again suggesting that they have been raised by hammering. At the mid point of the axe a slight median bevel (proto stop ridge) is present on both faces of the axe. This is lightly to have been cast and augmented by hammering; small oval shaped (dished) scars can be seen on both faces of the axe where the metal has been worked to augment them. The ridge itself is not especially prominent, but acts as a distinct division between the butt and lower blade of the axe. The width of the axe at the median bevel is 17.9mm (thickness 5.7mm). Below the bevel the sides continue to expand.   The area between the median ridge and junction with the blade is decorated on both faces of the axe. The design on both is broadly identical being contained by the median bevel and another raised bevel at the top of the blade. This lower bevel echoes the shape of the blade being broadly crescentic and probably parallel to the original shape of the cutting edge. The decoration consists of a series of panels formed from lines of incised pellets. Both the median bevel and lower bevel each have two slightly crescent shaped parallel lines forming a distinct border across the axe, the two long sides each have a similar single line of pellets respecting their expanding edge. This forms a central sub rectangular area which is further sub-divided by two rectangles, aligned along the length of the axe, each made up with incised pellets. There is also some evidence of further decoration continuing on the septum / in the groove formed by raising the side facets. This consists of a single line of pellets on each long side terminating at approximately ½ the length of the butt. These pellets are indistinct and slightly obscured in places by abrasion. Beneath the decorated area and raised ridge the sides of the blade expand to produce an irregular, worn, crescentic blade edge with a maximum width of 29.5mm. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through abrasion, as has the blade edge itself. However it is likely that the axe had been heavily worn and used prior to deposition, with the blade shape being distorted by repeated use. A distinct blade facet is not present.  The side of the axe are relatively uniform and there is no evidence of a cast seam. The upper edge of one side of the axe seems to have been decorated possibly with a cable like decoration, being formed from parallel diagonal facets. However, this is less clear on the other lower edge of the axe.    The axe is a mid green colour with a highly polished but abraded patina, which has been damaged in areas. Where this had occurred it is probably as a direct result of movement in the plough soil. This abrasion is most evident of the blade of the axe. Where this damage has occurred a light grey green powdery corrosion is evident.   The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age of metalworking stage IV-V (more likely V) specifically within the developed flat axe tradition which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL. BC. This axe is very similar to a number of decorated examples specifically from the type: Brandon. These are described by Burgess and Schmidt in Catalogue of the Axes in Northern Britain as: being ""notably smaller than other advanced flat axes, usually under 130mm length. They have straight parallel or near parallel sides which curve out suddenly just above the blade to a widely expanded crescentic cutting edge ... Decoration, often rich and complex, is characteristic of Irish examples in particular (p65.) A good comparison to the style of decoration can be seen in axes 347 and 359, although direct parallel of decoration is not recorded",Found during the Weekend Wanderers Lattin Down Rally 6-7 September 2008,4,,,,Metal detector,,,,,43.7,,,5.7,78,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,SU4084,,51.55347551,-1.42447023,HESH-D95656,,HESH-D95656 detail 7.jpg,Early Bronze Age: decorated developed flat axe,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/preavill/HESH-D95656 detail 7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/224569.jpg
256322,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1900,-1600,"Bronze axe dating from c.1900- 1600 BC.

It is from the Aylesford/Willerby periods and is an erly form of the palstave type.

The axe is mostly complete. It has just small plain flanges. At its widest point the blade measures 45mm. It is not complete as its edges are rounded and worn.  

It has a drak beown patina and is mostly smooth although there are some patches of small dints at the butt and blade ends.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-03-15T00:00:00Z,,,,154.3,,,15,80,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Catton,SE7153,From a paper map,53.96821,-0.919175,LVPL-004D33,,LVPL-004D33 k gorman axe.jpg,Bronze axe dating from c.1900- 1600 BC,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/LVPL-004D33 k gorman axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/210761.jpg
256537,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1400,Bronze palstave axe from the Arreton or Acton Park phases dating to c.1700-1400 BC It is mostly complete although the end of the butt is missing. The flanges are very low and one side is alomost completely lost. The septum is flat and leads to quite a deep stop. Below the stop the upper part of the blade has a central ridge on both sides. The blade appears complete with a widening towards the end. The patina is uneven with patches of brown and green in an irregular pattern.,It weighed over 200grams as my scales wouldn't register it,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,17,144,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,North West,Wigan,Wigan,Atherton,,,,,LVPL-271F68,,jenkins axe.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fmcintosh/jenkins axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/211227.jpg
256657,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"The tip fragment from a copper-alloy spearhead, of which the point is missing, dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 - 800 BC. It is in the form of a narrow isosceles triangle with a mid rib down the centre on each face of the blade. The patina is glossy dark-brown in colour with some areas of blue green active corrosion. It is 50.5mm in length, 16.6mm wide, and 6.7mm thick. It weighs 10.07gm. The mid rib cross section is a diamond or lozenge (square rotated by 45 degrees). It is impossible to assign a type from such a small fragment (Worrall 2004, Finds Recording notes, unpub.), but the extent of the midrib and the narrowness of the blade suggests it is no earlier a type than Davis Group 6.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-02-18T00:00:00Z,2009-02-18T00:00:00Z,,,10.07,,,6.7,50.5,1,Jack Coulthard,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Rotherham,Rotherham,Thurcroft,SK4988,Centred on parish,53.38657756,-1.26474255,SWYOR-2CC750,,PAS 989 spear tip.jpg,Bronze Age spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 989 spear tip.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/211118.jpg
256742,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"The tip fragment from a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy spear head dating from about 1550 BC to 800 BC. It is in the form of a narrow isosceles triangle with a rib down the centre of each face. In section it is lozenge shaped with a rounded central rib. The patina is rough and dark-brown in colour, though there are a number of areas where the green of copper corrosion has broken through the patina. It is 53mm in length, 19.4mm wide, and 6.6mm thick. It weighs 14.79gm. See Moore & Rowlands, Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum, Plate 12, No. 65, and The British Museum's Guide to the Antiquities of The Bronze Age, 2nd edition, Plate 8, No 7.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-02-18T00:00:00Z,2009-02-18T00:00:00Z,,,14.79,,,6.6,53,1,Jack Coulthard,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Horsington,TF1867,Centred on parish,53.18701387,-0.23549268,SWYOR-3D0F18,,PAS 990 BA tip.jpg,Bronze Age spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 990 BA tip.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/211192.jpg
257116,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Incomplete late Bronze Age cast copper alloy socketed axe. Only the lower blade end survives; the breaks are extremely worn. The cutting edge is extremely damaged. The socket is rectangular, and cast off centre, with one wall being 4.18 mm thick and the other 1.47mm thick. The axe has a mid green patina. The surface is corroding, with a significant amount of pitting. The surviving section is 22.39mm long, 32.64mm wide, 11.90mm thick and weighs 27.26 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,2009-02-11T00:00:00Z,2009-02-17T00:00:00Z,,,27.26,,,11.9,22.39,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,Wix,TM1429,From finder,51.918383,1.110447,ESS-67B8C2,,1 ESS-67B8C2 BA axe.jpg,ESS-67B8C2 Bronze Age Socketed Axe,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/1 ESS-67B8C2 BA axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/211615.jpg
257714,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age (1150 to 800BC) sword hilt with flanged edges. Enough survives to show the first rivet hole/slot. The surviving section is sub-rectangular in plan, expanding in width towards the terminal.  
It is 29.50mm long, 30.85mm wide tapering to 18.15mm, it is 4.85mm thick and weighs 15.61 grams. It has a mid-green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-03-26T00:00:00Z,,,,15.61,,,4.85,29.5,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Epping Forest,Matching,TL5112,From finder,51.786287,0.187794,ESS-D6CBF5,,1c ESS-D6CBF5.jpg,ESS-D6CBF5 Late Bronze Age Sword Hilt,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/1c ESS-D6CBF5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/212132.jpg
258040,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Extremely well-preserved unusually slim cast cu-alloy socketed side-looped spearhead (Group 1) type dating from the 'early' Middle Bronze Age, c. 1600-1400BC (see Rowlands 1976). The spearhead is complete, the blade and socket undamaged with a smooth green patina showing hardly any sign of decay. The head is leaf-shaped and the socket has a fairly pronounced midrib. The tip of the spearhead very thin being the same thickness as the socket at its widest point and there are very fine, very clear re-sharpening marks all around the edges of the wings, running parallel to it. The socket is has a wide diameter compared to the overall size of the spearhead and the loops, which are flattened, are situated roughly one third of the way along the shaft.



There is some hatched decoration along the sides of the socket where the casting seams had been smoothed down. Side-looped spearheads are categorised by Greenwell and Brewis' as Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, c. 1500-1150BC. The spearhead was likely to have been short and similar to Savory (1980) nos. 227 - 230, which Savory argues are of Acton Park metal, although no. 228 gave an analysis suggesting Penard metal. A side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has been radio-carbon dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating. The length is 95mm, width 15mm, diameter of the socket 15mm and the weight is 39.52g.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-04-02T23:00:00Z,2009-04-02T23:00:00Z,,,39.52,,,15,95,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Silverdale,SD4776,From finder,54.17703307,-2.81347947,LANCUM-FD2034,,LANCUM-FD2034.jpg,Mid-Bronze Age extremely well-preserved unusually slim cast cu-alloy socketed side-looped spearhead (Group 1).,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM-FD2034.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/212336.jpg
258409,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1020,-800,"Late Bronze age copper alloy socketed axe (Type Meldreth) with a double mouth and a trumpet-shaped collar (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, 205, no.1214). The body is slender and straight with an expanded blade and a loop that extends from the second, shallow mouth ridge. The surface condition of the axe is poor with one broken blade corner. The back is coated with mud while the red /brown skin on the front is worn and corroded. These areas of broken skin are porous and matte green.",Part of the Rothley Hoard other items can be found at LEIC-A67B11 LEIC-A665D7 and LEIC-A6BB51,3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2009-05-23T23:00:00Z,,2009T278,,142.3,,,28,99,1,Ben Roberts,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Rothley,SK5713,GPS (from the finder),52.711669,-1.157717,LEIC-4F6B02,,4F6B02.JPG,Late Bronze age socketed axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/4F6B02.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/293594.jpg
258699,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-500,"
A small awl or chisel of Bronze Age or Iron Age date. The object has a square section, one pointed end and a chisel-shaped end. The chisel end is no wider than the body.
",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-12-21T00:00:00Z,,,,14.52,,,,102.98,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU2734,,51.104669,-1.615738,-SUR 698003.00,,08.1595.JPG,Bronze Age or Iron Age: Awl or chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.1595.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/212944.jpg
259468,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1000,1800,A rod-like apparent implement with a rounded chisel-shaped terminal; the other end is broken. The section across the length of the rod is circular. The rod tapers gently before expanding where the flattening begins for the terminal. The object is patinated dark green and appears to have broken across a fault in the casting.,The date of the object is quite unknown but could be as early as the Bronze Age.,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-12-21T00:00:00Z,,,,7.48,,5.46,,62.12,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU2734,,51.104669,-1.615738,SUR-F9D564,,08.1623.JPG,Bronze or Iron Age: Chisel or awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/08.1623.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/213347.jpg
259584,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy casting waste; it is trapezoid in plan with a rectangular cross section. The surface is worn and pitted. It is 27.12mm long, 29.51mm wide, 13.59mm thick and weighs 45.56 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,2009-06-04T23:00:00Z,,,,45.56,,,13.59,27.12,1,Paul Sealey,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,Wix,TM1629,From finder,51.917612,1.139482,ESS-FC6DF6,,FC6DF6.jpg,ESS-FC6DF6 Bronze Age casting waste,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/FC6DF6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/214577.jpg
259874,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy spearhead of Bronze Age date. It is heavily corroded, due to this the edges are heavily worn and it has an orange patina. It has a pronounced mid-rib with flat wings, in plan the spear is leaf shaped. In section the spear head is lozenge-shaped with a deep hollow casting. Its appearance suggests parallels with Middle Bronze Age spear heads",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,51.2,,,14.02,119.08,1,Hannah Farnaby,Robert Collins,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Claxby with Moorby,TF3064,From finder,53.157269,-0.057229,NCL-245237,,DSCN9534.JPG,A cast copper-alloy Bronze Age spear head,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/DSCN9534.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/213929.jpg
259938,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Sword fragment - Tip of blade with very straight sides and flattened oval in section. Bevelled for the cutting edge, which is slightly damaged along both sides. Light brown patination, except near the break where the blade is slightly bent and the surface green and slightly corroded. Width at break 35mm, length at least 117mm.


Spear - Tip of socketed spear, broken before base of socket. The median rib is prominent and the edges bevelled. The tip is bent sideways in a slight curve. Most of the surface is covered with orange-brown patination or corrosion, which also covered the break.","These two fragments are additional to a hoard discovered in 1997.






Late Bronze Age






The age and precious metal content of this item therefore qualify it as treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2008-07-31T23:00:00Z,,2009T316,,,,,10,69,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,,,,,NMS-27D9C2,,2009 T316a.jpg,copper-alloy sword and spear frag,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hlouth/2009 T316a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/328157.jpg
259951,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,-600,"This find is of a particularly good example of a late Bronze Age socketed axe in the tradition of the Llyn Fawr phase (800 - 600BC). The axe has a long, elegant form, with a single mouth moulding, now partly missing, and a well defined loop (external width - 20.69mm, internal - 6.18mm), formed just below the lip. There are no design mouldings to the faces of the axe but they are slightly convex in form. The mouth is near circular and the internal moulding replicates the exterior form, excluding the blade tips, to a depth of 85mm, with no mould lines. The sides of the axe have clear moulding seams that have been in part, hammer finished with the exception of the seam on the loop. The loop also has what might be a casting flash to its lower edge. The blade is slightly flanged with a cutting edge, measured from the intact half of 56mm and a width of 47mm. The flange would appear to be accomplished in the mould with no signs of further hammering to extend the tips. One tip is now missing and the cutting edge is largely corroded away. There is perhaps evidence of sharpening, as the blade tip has many fine transverse scratch marks across the width of the cutting edge. That the blade has been used is confirmed by a great many longitudinal/part diagonal scratches and gouges covering most of the blade surfaces. On one face, there is a large gouge near centre of the face and starting just under half way up and running to the mouth moulding. That gouge would appear to be consistent with use as it starts fine and narrow and expands in width and depth as it travels up the face. It is possible that it was responsible for the eventual damage to the mouth moulding. The surface shows sporadic outburst of corrosion but for the greater part, it has a fine polished dark brown patina.","The Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections (NMW) Fig 46-5 (P194) has a similar axe with a slight variation to the mouth moulding, from the Llynfawr Hoard.",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-05-25T23:00:00Z,,,,173.8,,31.41,,120,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Holt,SJ3752,GPS (from the finder),53.061515,-2.941524,CPAT-357295,,2873-0002.jpg,Bronze Age - Llyn Fawr - Socketed Axe,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2873-0002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/213967.jpg
259953,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1200,800,"This is an example of a mid to late Bronze Age (1200-800BC) socketed spear tip.   Tip because there is a clear break at the larger end and the remains of the socket.  The depth of the remaining socket is 19mm.  The midrib section is round and the remnants of the blade might suggest that it was leaf shape.  The internal diameter of the socket is 7.85mm at the break.   In this example, the surface has a considerable number of longitudinal striations that run parallel to the expanding midrib section.  They may therefore be a result of the moulding process.  Additionally, there are numerous longitudinal and near longitudinal scratches and striations more likely caused by use.  The tip is chipped and that would seem to have been caused in antiquity.    There are also a great number of short, near horizontal scratches to one side of the midrib section.  Could they be the result of some twisting movement of the tip?  Looking at the face elevation, there is also a very slight bend in the end of this spear tip.  The blade wings are now mostly corroded away with no cutting edge now present.  The overall patina is of a dark green/brown.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-05-25T23:00:00Z,,,,12.3,,,12.2,47.86,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Holt,SJ3753,GPS (from the finder),53.070503,-2.94172,CPAT-35D302,,2873-0003.jpg,Bronze Age - Socketed Spear - Probable,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2873-0003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/213968.jpg
260381,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1300,"A cast copper-alloy butt of a flat axe of the early to middle Bronze Age. The butt is wedge-shaped with a maximum thickness of 7.9mm and a minimum thickness of 3.14mm. There is an abraded break at the thick end of the wedge, and the narrow end of the wedge is worn. Along the lengths of the broad side faces, there are hints of a slight raised border.



Addendum - the blade end of the axe was found approximately 25m away from the original find spot in 2018 (details below).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-04-30T23:00:00Z,2018-05-14T23:00:00Z,,,44.4,,,7.9,47,1,Harriet Riley,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Hepple,NY9996,From a paper map,55.258169,-2.017278,NCL-A0D3E7,,DSC_0064.jpg,EBA axe in two parts,Tyne and Wear Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/andyagate/DSC_0064.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1016663.jpg
260745,Weapon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-600,The tip of a sword of probable Bronze Age date. The fragment has a rounded central ridge and thinner edges.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,4.22,,,3.11,29.19,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Alfriston,TQ5203,From a paper map,50.806621,0.155897,SUR-FDB7B4,,09.05.JPG,Bronze age: Sword,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/09.05.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/214654.jpg
260857,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,-1500,2000,"A possible tang of a chisel or other tool which is square in section and tapers to a rectangle at the terminal.  The object is very crisp, which may suggest this is a modern item, with iron concretion on the surface.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,15.23,,,7.23,58.52,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Alfriston,TQ5203,From a paper map,50.806621,0.155897,SUR-0FAAE7,,09.21.JPG,Unidentified object,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/09.21.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/214765.jpg
260957,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"A fragment from a socketed axe of late Bronze Age date, comprising part of the rim and the loop. The rim has a pronounced thickening and the socket appears to have been circular. The patina of the metal is a dull dark red with a blue/green surface.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-12-07T00:00:00Z,,,,21.39,,,,28.4,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,East Sussex,Lewes,Beddingham,TQ4304,GPS (from the finder),50.817898,0.028642,-SUR 212026.00,,09.55.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/09.55.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/214287.jpg
261296,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"A cast copper-alloy Palstave axehead of the Arreton or Acton Park phase of the early to middle Bronze Age.

The palstave has an even green patina of the copper, with some pitting on the surface. The total (incomplete) length of the axehead is 113.42mm, with the blade (from the edge to the stop) comprising 67.18mm length and the septum/butt measuring 46.24mm in length. The flanges have a maximum breadth of 19mm, and the axe is thickest at the stops, measuring 11.82mm. At its widest, the blade is 40.2mm in breadth from tip to tip.

The stops are worn, but visible, and the axe looks as if it was used before it was deposited, based on the uneven wear of the blade. The butt is incomplete, but was probably rounded rather than flat-edged.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,1997-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,188.4,,,11.82,113.42,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Edlingham,NU0906,From a paper map,55.347947,-1.859628,NCL-8C1FE2,,IMG_0123.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/IMG_0123.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/368890.jpg
261661,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"This is a lower blade end fragment of a copper alloy, Late Bronze Age socketed axehead (possibly in the Llyn Fawr style).  In this instance, the blade has no flare to the tips and a cutting edge of 62mm against the width of 53.8mm; it was therefore, a substantial axe.  There are no visible mould marks to the sides.  The socket, or what remains of it, is a flat sided oval in form.  There is little of the original surface remaining and that which does remain, is in poor condition.  However, in that surface, there is evidence of use with vertical gouges and what might be horizontal striations from sharpening.  One side has some unusual looking marks just above the cutting edge; there are three triangular etchings and other small nondescript cross cuts.  Although they may simply be the effects of time on the decomposing surface, they do look deliberate.   The remnant is now heavily corroded and fragile and has a light to mid green colouration.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,78.6,,,12.5,37.9,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Powys,Powys,Llandrinio,SJ2917,From finder,52.745938,-3.053219,CPAT-C6C082,,2890-0003.jpg,Bronze Age - Axehead,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2890-0003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/215376.jpg
262731,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1900,-1100,"Fragment of Early Bronze Age (1900 – 1100 BC) bronze/ copper alloy flanged axehead, consisting of the worn butt end only.  It measures 14.11mm in length and is 21.51mm wide and 5.66mm thick at break and 16.47mm wide and 1.70mm thick at the complete end. It is clear at the break that this edge is I-shaped in section (with a slight thickening at either end). The thickness at the middle of this edge 4.57mm. The fragment weighs 6.81g.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,6.81,,,5.66,14.11,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Durnford,SU1235,From a paper map,51.114168,-1.829948,WILT-748724,,Martin0709flataxe.jpg,Early Bronze Age Flat Axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Martin0709flataxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/217226.jpg
262790,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1250,"A fragment of a probable socketed and side looped spearhead dating from the Early or Middle Bronze Age, about 1700 - 1250 BC, Davis Groups 2-7. Only the end of the socket survives. The side loop is undamaged and is evenly rounded with a D shaped section. It has a smooth and glossy light green patina with some concretions on the surface. It is 27.9mm long, 17.6mm wide, and 15.7mm thick. It weighs 8.36gm. It was probably similar to NARC-9B5076 when complete.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-04-19T23:00:00Z,,,,8.36,,,15.7,27.9,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,South Milford,SE4930,From finder,53.764054,-1.258166,SWYOR-76EE76,,PAS 629 spear frag.jpg,Bronze Age spear fragment,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 629 spear frag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/216474.jpg
262824,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy spearhead dating to the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 - 800 BC. It is the tip of a narrow, hollow, socketed spear with a triangular midrib, which extends to the tip, running down each side. This makes the section lozenge shaped but with concave sides. It has a light brown patina with some corrosion showing through in patches. It is 48mm long, 15.1mm wide and 9.7mm thick. It weighs 12.24g. .",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-04-19T23:00:00Z,,,,12.24,,,9.7,48,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Kirkby Fleetham with Fencote,SE2895,From a paper map,54.349777,-1.570739,SWYOR-85FDD1,,PAS_631_BA_tip.jpg,Bronze Age spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_631_BA_tip.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/216484.jpg
262827,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A copper-alloy side looped socketed spearhead dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1250 BC. Davis Group 6, 'developed side looped'. The blade is a narrow leaf shape and has a raised triangular rib running down each side, extending on to the socket. The socket tapers outwards from the base of the blade. On each side of the socket is a small raised loop of thin metal, one loop being broken. The sides of the blade flanges also continue onto the socket, forming slight ribs along the sides of the socket, which expand into the loops. The side loops are placed in the centre of the area between the end of the socket and the base of the blade. They are unusually small. The spearhead has a dark brown glossy patina which has flaked off in vulnerable places and light green metal, and some bare bronze is visible. There is a small area of active corrosion. It is 122.6mm long, 16.4mm wide, and 13.3mm thick. It weighs 38.65gm. It probably dates from 1500 BC - 1150 BC. It is a similar shape and size to HAMP-9AF332 and LANCUM-7609C0 but narrower.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-04-19T23:00:00Z,,,,38.65,,,13.3,122.6,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Nidd,SE2960,From a paper map,54.035173,-1.558716,SWYOR-864C31,,PAS 628 spear head.jpg,Bronze Age spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS 628 spear head.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/216454.jpg
262953,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Incomplete unidentified copper alloy object, possibly part of a (long) Bronze Age awl. The incomplete object is rectangular in shape and broken at either end. It measures 51.13mm in length. At one end it is 6.20mm wide and 4.53mm thick and at the other 5.30mm wide and 3.50mm thick. Both breaks show the object is rectangular in section. From the pitted surface and green powdery patina, the objects looks to have some age to it. It weighs 7.44g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,7.44,,,4.53,51.13,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Durnford,SU1235,From a paper map,51.114168,-1.829948,WILT-B52A80,,Martin0709unid.jpg,unidentified object,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Martin0709unid.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/217234.jpg
263561,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A cast copper alloy bracelet: The bracelet has an oval section and is undecorated except for the terminal. One terminal is broken, but not too recently. The other terminal has moulded decoration consisting of a horizontal ‘T’ shape with a pair of notches along the edge on either side. In plan for the bracelet has been distorted and forms a coil with the terminals sticking out beyond the coil. At the opposite edge at the apex of the coil there is a slightly tear and crack on the exterior face due to the distortion. The bracelet has an incomplete well developed shiny brown patina. It measures 29.48mm long, 30.53mm wide from terminal to terminal and 7.85mm thick at the terminal. It weighs 9.6g.  

The bracelet probably dates to the late Bronze Age period (-1150 - -800). A similar example is illustrated in Evans (Evans, J. 1881 The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland Longmans, Green and Co. London) p. 382.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,9.6,,,7.85,29.48,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Aston Cantlow,SP1459,From a paper map,52.229025,-1.796446,WAW-37E4B7,,WAW-37E4B7.jpg,Bronze Age Bracelet (plan and profile).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-37E4B7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/218824.jpg
263905,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2000,1700,"A large piece of copper alloy casting waste, or less likely an ingot. The piece is roughly D-shaped in cross-section with a smooth curved upper surface and a generally smooth flat base though there are occasional irregular ribs. In plan the object is elongated and gently tapers. Either end is roughly broken, though both have a hollow cylindrical opening. The object could therefore be a failed casting , though it is difficult to see what it was trying to be, and why the manufacturer would not have melted this down again.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,12,127,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Walcot Near Folkingham,TF0534,From a paper map,52.893206,-0.4407,LIN-851278,,LIN8420C.JPG.JPG,Copper alloy casting waste,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN8420C.JPG.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/215595.jpg
264415,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"A Bronze Age decorated bronze awl, measuring 54.65mm in length and weighing 3.41g. Its max.width is 4.77mm and its max.thickness 3.25mm.

From a central point rectangular in section and 3.84x3.25mm, the awl narrows in one direction to a squarish sectioned point, 1.43x1.85mm. In the other direction over c.18mm from the centre, it widens and thins to 4.77x2.93mm before narrowing sharply to a pointed end 1.11x1.71mm.

On one face only and passing the widest point almost to its nearest end and the same distance in the other direction, is a wide and deep groove c.14mm long. On either side, between groove and edge of the object, and particularly towards the middle of the awl, are shallower tiny diagonal incised lines/ light grooves. Pitting does mostly obscure these but it is assumed they continue right around the central groove. At the end of the central groove, towards the middle of the awl, is a pair of transverse grooves. Decoration does not appear to be anywhere else on the awl although pitting and loss of patina does obscure large parts of it.",,3,,,,Metal detector,2009-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,3.41,,,3.25,54.65,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Latton,SU1292,From finder,51.626691,-1.828042,WILT-F1CD35,,Gillett0709decoratedawl.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Gillett0709decoratedawl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/217763.jpg
264612,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-800,"A fragment of Late Bronze Age (900-800 BC) bronze socketed axehead, consisting of part of the mouth and body. It measures 27.79x33.89x(max)8.29mm and weighs c.20g. 

The mouth has a double-rib moulding, with the top-most rib being much thicker. A casting flash is just visible in the furrow between. The mouth appears to be quite circular in shape. 

The fragment suggests the axehead is of the Ewart Park phase, 900-800 BC.",Weight approximate to 10g.,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,20,,,8.29,27.79,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Pewsey,SU1856,From a paper map,51.30284,-1.743186,WILT-1B12D6,,Barrett0709sockaxe.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Barrett0709sockaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/221387.jpg
264986,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-2300,"A cast copper-alloy flat axe of the early Bronze Age, c 2500-2400 BC.

The axe is a pointed oval in plan view with the thickest part on the blade end of the body, and sub-rectangular with a flaring blade in profile. There are no flanges, and the axe has a consistent surface corrosion with a deep green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,129.1,,,11.72,80.25,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Gilling East,SE6177,From a paper map,54.185156,-1.066766,NCL-6EC1F5,,IG_0121.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/IG_0121.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/218342.jpg
265237,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"A complete copper-alloy penannular ring with small circular indents on the upper face and one side. Thicker in the centre (8mm) and tapers down towards the ends 95mm). the inner diameter is approximately 17mm. This item could be an earring, but similar objects have been defined as 'ring-money'. The function of 'ring-money' is unknown; they date mainly to the Late Bronze Age, between 1150-750BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,11.2,,17,,,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Yardley Hastings,SP8657,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.204527,-0.742966,NARC-84F531,,DSCF0221.JPG,DSCF0221.JPG,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/DSCF0221.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/219001.jpg
265241,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-950,-750,"Cast bronze socketed axe from the early Ewart Park phase, Thorndon type. Dating to c.950-750 BC, Needham Period 7, Burgess Metalworking Stage XII.

The blade is bent. It narrows towards the point which is rounded. At its widest it is 21.23mm and its narrowest is 8.88mm. The blade has a raised mid-rib on both sides running the whole length. 

The socket is oval in cross-section and has a circular hole through two opposite sides near the top. Diameter of socket is 22.33 x 16.25mm.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,33.4,,,,72.88,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Willerby,TA0279,From a paper map,54.196622,-0.438032,DUR-850CB6,,clinton BA knife DUR-850CB6.jpg,Bronze Age socketed knife,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/frances/clinton BA knife DUR-850CB6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/218455.jpg
265846,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy square-sectioned rod, pointed at both ends. Possibly an awl. The object is 42mm long, 4mm wide, 3mm thick and weighs 2.48g.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-10-17T23:00:00Z,,,,2.48,,,3,42,1,Rebecca Czechowicz,Rebecca Czechowicz,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Gaddesby,SK7111,From finder,52.69204,-0.950953,LEIC-1904C1,,1799.JPG,Bronze Age awl?,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebecca/1799.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/219154.jpg
266698,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A cast copper alloy awl: The awl is a shaft which, at the mid point, is sub-square in section. It has slightly rounded corners. One side of the awl tapers to a long blunt point becoming slightly more rounded in section. The other side tapers on the upper and lower face becoming sub-rectangular. The terminal of this portion is a broken edge, which is not too recent, but the patina does not cover the break. In profile the awl is an asymmetrical lentoid. The awl has a well developed mid brown coloured patina. It measures 34.76mm long, 5.49mm wide and 5.16mm thick. It weighs 3.5g. 

The awl probably dates to the Bronze Age. Needham (in Longley, D. & Needham, S 1980 ‘Runnymede Bridge 1976: Excavations on the site of a Late Bronze Age settlement’, Surrey Archaeological Society Volume 6, page 19.) discusses awls and comments that they cannot be dated with accuracy within the Bronze Age period as they are found in Early Bronze Age contexts, such as graves as well as Middle and Late Bronze Age hoards.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,3.5,,,5.16,34.76,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Bidford-on-Avon,SP1051,,52.157188,-1.855243,WAW-C63EB7,,WAW-C63EB7.jpg,"Bronze Age awl (plan, profile, reverse, profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-C63EB7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/219798.jpg
266769,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy palstave. The portion which remains is the butt of the palstave. The butt is a sub-trapezoid in plan, with one broken edge which is not a recent break. The section is a rectangle with concave long sides. The terminal edge of the butt is slightly undulating; this is not recent damage as the patina covers these edges. On the sides the casting seam is visible. The fragment is in fair condition with patches of a thin brown patina. It measures 26.02mm long, 25.46mm wide and 11.58mm thick. It weighs 25.6g. 

The fragment is probably dated to the late Bronze Age (-1150 to -800) as the butt is particularly narrow compared to earlier examples.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,2009-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,25.6,,,11.58,26.02,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Leigh,SO7653,From a paper map,52.174731,-2.352372,WAW-D6AD94,,WAW-D6AD94.jpg,"Bronze Age palstave (plan, profile and section).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-D6AD94.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/219944.jpg
266998,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,A Bronze Age copper alloy blade with perforation (2150-800BC).,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Chislet,TR2262,From finder,51.313781,1.184174,LON-273556,,Young - blade - July 09.jpg,A Bronze Age copper alloy blade with perforation (2150-800BC).,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/Young - blade - July 09.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/222755.jpg
267079,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1700,"A corroded and incomplete cast copper-alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date. This example is from the earliest bronze working traditions, dating from the centuries after c. 2000 BC. The blade terminates in a rounded, but asymmetrical cutting edge. The terminals are almost right angles but have been rounded off. Bevelling to create the edge is very shallow, beginning well above the line of the terminals. The object continues to expand to the point of an old break.  At this point the rectangular cross-section can clearly be seen; no side flanges are evident. The axe has a variable dark-green patina with extensive lighter pitting and invasive corrosion.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-06-01T23:00:00Z,,,,175,,,14.85,62,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Steep,SU7224,From a paper map,51.010885,-0.975068,HAMP-3C5762,,HAMP-3C5762axe.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-3C5762axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/220074.jpg
267663,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1050,"A fragmentary rapier of Middle Bronze Age date.  The object consists of the butt end and the blade which is broken.  The slightly curved attachment end is slightly abraded and measures 24.3mm across.  Below this it is notched (W.: 20.0mm).  Below it expands, with stepped shoulders, to the widest point (W.: 31.55mm).  Beyond the blade narrows gradually, still narrowing at the break, though increasingly less steeply.  The edges of the blade are bevelled on both sides; the cross-section at the break has the appearance of an oval with winged protrusions.  There is a slight curve upwards at the point of break.  The metal has a variable brown patina, with slight patches of blue-green corrosion product and pitting. The artefact perhaps belongs to the Penard metalworking phase.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-08-05T23:00:00Z,,,,38.19,,,4.25,92,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Soberton,SU5813,From a paper map,50.913559,-1.176353,HAMP-D40847,,HAMP-D40847rapier.jpg,Middle Bronze Age rapier,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-D40847rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/220571.jpg
267744,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze age copper alloy axe tip, 56mm long, 40mm wide and 17mm thick (at centre, 4mm at tip). The object is in fair condition and weighs over 60grams. Where original surface is present it has a brownish/orange patina, but it is also heavily corroded in parts. It has a worn, gently curved blade and its damaged edges are heaviliy worn.","
could not obtain accurate weight as heavyweight scales not available when recorded.
",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-08-24T23:00:00Z,,,,60,,,17,56,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Hinckley and Bosworth,Osbaston,SK4204,GPS (from the finder),52.6321353,-1.38087652,LEIC-E86887,,E86887.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy axe fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/E86887.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/220635.jpg
267813,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A Bronze age copper alloy Awl dating to 2150-800 BC. The awl is linear with a circular section in the centre. At one end the awl narrows to a rounded tip, while the other is flattened to an irregular rectangular cross section, terminating in a broken point. The implement is cast in one piece and is 70.1mm long and 5.2mm in diameter at the centre. The awl weighs 8.3 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,8.3,,5.2,,70.1,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,,,,,,,KENT-EACD46,,IMG_2975.jpg,"A Bronze Age cast copper Awl, 2150-800 BC.",Kent County Council and Dominic Andrews,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/IMG_2975.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/220665.jpg
269300,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-1000,"An incomplete cast copper alloy basal-looped copper alloy spearhead. The socket is circular in cross-section and has a complete opening. The socket measures 18mm in external diameter and 16mm internally. There are two side loops on the socket, both of which are pointed oval in plan and rise only a short way from the socket. The side loops measure 14mm in length, 7mm in width and rise approximately 3mm from the surface. Between the loops just in from the rim of the socket there is a small irregular shaped patch of copper alloy that looks to be untrimmed casting waste. The socket tapers to the break, at which point it measures 7mm in diameter with a small opening in the centre. The blade is incomplete. On one side the blade is only represented by a short irregular stub of copper alloy, whereas on the other side the lower part of the blade is in good condition. The blade measures 12mm in width with 2mm of that being the narrowed blade edge. The surviving blade measures 24mm in length. The top of the blade is missing, but the break is fairly regular and looks more like it has been intentionally cut rather than accidently broken. Given that there is untrimmed casting waste and intentional destruction of the object, it would appear that this spear was a ceremonial or ritual item. The spear was discovered in the Witham Valley, in which there is a marked concentration of individual finds of spears and hoards of spears, but few axes.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,18,,70,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Cherry Willingham,TF0371,From a paper map,53.22606838,-0.45859504,LIN-116867,,,,,,,
269307,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy hoard comprising three broken socketed axe, five socketed axe fragments and one sword fragment, was found by metal detecting.



Description



1. Body and blade of socketed axe with a long narrow body and flared blade. The patina is dark green. Length: 63.66mm; Width (blade): 41.22mm; Weight: 118.3g



2. Body and blade of socketed axe with a narrow body and flared blade. The patina is dark green. Length: 63.10mm; Width (blade): 41.63mm; Weight: 111.3g



3. Body and blade of socketed axe with a narrow body and flared blade. The patina is dark green, brown and blue. Length: 81.11mm; Width (blade): 39.74mm; Weight: 155.4g



4. Moulding fragment of socketed axe. Double mouth moulding with a prominent upper moulding and a lower moulding. The patina is green. Length: 31.19mm; Width: 26.64mm; Weight: 14.4g



5. Moulding fragment of socketed axe. Double mouth moulding with a prominent upper moulding and a lower moulding. The patina is green. Length: 30.34mm; Width: 25.00mm; Weight: 13.7g



6. Moulding fragment of socketed axe. Single mouth moulding. The patina is dark green and brown. Length: 18.80mm; Width: 25.71mm; Weight: 12g



7. Body fragment of socketed axe. The patina is dark green and brown. Length: 22.61mm; Width: 20.46mm; Weight: 9g



8. Body fragment of socketed axe. The patina is green and brown. Length: 26.44mm; Width: 19.80mm; Weight: 11g



9. Body fragment of socketed axe (?). The patina is dark green. Length: 27.89mm; Width: 11.22mm; Weight: 3g



10. Fragment. The patina is dark green. Length: 14.82mm; Width: 21mm; Weight: 4g



11. Fragment. The patina is dark green. Length: 26.48mm; Width: 21.20mm; Weight: 6g



12. Sword fragment. Blade fragment broken at both ends. The patina is dark green. Length: 30.50mm; Width: 32.66mm; Weight: 29g



13. Fragment. The patina is green and brown. Length: 18.59mm; Width: 18.10mm; Weight: 10g



14. Fragment. The patina is green and brown. Length: 25.82mm; Width: 32.66mm; Weight: 29g","Discussion The hoard can be dated to the Late Bronze Age (1150 BC-800 BC) due to the presence of a broken socketed axes and a sword blade fragment (Turner 2010).



Conclusion This can be considered as potential Treasure under the 1996 Treasure Act (2002 Amendment).



Reference Turner, L. 2010. A Re-Interpretation of the Later Bronze Age Metalwork Hoards of Essex and Kent. Archaeopress: British Archaeological Reports (British Series 507)



Alessia Murgia (volunteer) & Ben Roberts (Curator of European Bronze Age)",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to Landowner,Metal detector,2009-08-22T23:00:00Z,2009-08-29T23:00:00Z,2009T499,,,,,,,14,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,Mistley,TM1129,From finder,51.919527,1.06689,ESS-11ECE6,,2009 T499_14 Bronze Age fragment.jpg,2009 T499_14 Bronze Age fragment,Colchester & Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/2009 T499_14 Bronze Age fragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/277941.jpg
269496,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-600,"A Bronze Age copper alloy awl. One end is pointed, the other end flattened.  The awl is 2.1-3.75mm thick.",No image is available,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,39,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Twyford,SU4926,,51.031283,-1.302614,SUR-2957F7,,,,,,,
269830,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A corroded and incomplete probable cast copper-alloy socketed hammer of Middle/Late Bronze Age date.  The object has a broadly rectangular terminal (31.0 x 15.25mm), possibly broken, with an uneven surface.  In one plane this tapers, and in the other flares gradually, to a broadly square end (28.2 x 25.2mm) with a central oval hole (12.05 x 9.2 x c. 17mm deep). On one side of the square end, aligned with the narrow end of the terminal is a small broadly circular protrusion.  It is suggested that this is a crude socketed hammer, broken at the socketed end (hence the abnormally shallow and narrow socket), with the stub of an attachment loop surviving. The object is heavily corroded and pitted with a dark green patina where it survives; the metal underneath is a lighter green colour.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-04-06T23:00:00Z,,,,134,,,28.2,43.5,1,Dot Boughton,Rob Webley,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Salisbury,SU1428,From a paper map,51.051179,-1.801645,HAMP-8CB626,,HAMP-8CB626hammer.jpg,Middle/Late Bronze Age socketed hammer (probably),Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-8CB626hammer.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/222337.jpg
270335,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"An small, incomplete copper alloy probable chisel.  It has a sub-square cross section (slightly lozengiform) and tapers to a wedge shape at the cutting edge. It is broken at the wider end. It is possibly Bronze Age in date. Two similar vexamples are SOM-256407 and SOMDOR-C4C660 recorded by Dr Naomi Payne.
Dimensions: 37.17 mm x 4.86 mm x 4.16 mm
Weight: 3.67  g 
Date: Bronze AGe - c. 2150 - 800 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-09-09T23:00:00Z,,,,3.67,,,4.16,35.17,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Tarrant Hinton,,,,,DOR-35BD00,,35BD00.jpg,35BD00. Probable Bronze Age chisel.,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/35BD00.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/222995.jpg
270362,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A late Bronze Age copper alloy sword tip fragment (1150-800BC).  This fragment has a lentoid cross-section, the surfaces have a gentle curve with bevelled cutting edges.  Jon Cotton identified this as the tip from a leaf-shaped sword dating to the Late Bronze Age.






Dimensions: length: 68.91mm; width: 24.80mm; thickness: 4.42mm; weight: 20.67g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,20.67,,,4.42,68.91,1,Jon Cotton,Kate Sumnall,London,Greater London Authority,Wandsworth,Queenstown,TQ2877,From finder,51.47748644,-0.15824065,LON-39AAC1,,Robson - bronze blade - Mar09.jpg,A late Bronze Age copper alloy sword tip fragment (1150-800BC).,Museum of London,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/Robson - bronze blade - Mar09.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/231186.jpg
270803,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1050,"A fragment from a rapier of Middle Bronze Age date. The object consists of the butt end and the blade which is broken. All of the edges have been abraded and broken to a greater or lesser extent.  The attachment end is broadly curved.  It expands from this point to shoulders that reach a maximum width of 32.45mm.  Above one of these shoulders is a removal.  From this wide point the blade narrows gradually, still narrowing at the break, though increasingly less steeply. The edges of the blade are bevelled on both sides; the cross-section at the break has a broadly oval appearance. Where it survives the metal has a mid-green patina, which blackens towards the blade. There are large areas where the patina has been lost to corrosion. The artefact probably belongs to the Penard metalworking phase.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-08-11T23:00:00Z,,,,23.36,,,4.6,58.2,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,East Meon,SU6825,GPS (from the finder),51.020362,-1.031889,HAMP-B75093,,HAMP-B75093rapier.jpg,Middle Bronze Age rapier,Winchester Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-B75093rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/223460.jpg
270900,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"A copper alloy socketed hammer dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age. It has a length of 65.30mm, width 19.50mm and a weight of 102.64g. The hammer has a rectangular section. The rounded open end has a raised collar which surrounds it. Two small raised points protrude from the top, just below the collar.  These are the remains of a loop, probably to help attach the hammer to the haft. The object is filled with soil but would have been hollow. The rectangular end looks to have been used to strike objects as it is damaged, and the copper has started to fold over at the edges. Similar examples can be seen on the database: SUSS-2D5992 or HAMP-1F3730. Further examples are also illustrated in The Handbook of British Archaeology (Roberts forthcoming) and Worrell 2004, Bronze Age Training notes (unpublished). The hammer probably dates from 1500 – 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-07-08T23:00:00Z,,,,102.64,,,,65.3,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Leeds,Leeds,Kippax,SE4228,From a paper map,53.74668928,-1.36461751,SWYOR-D13642,,PAS_686_axe.jpg,Late Bronze Age hammer,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_686_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/223512.jpg
271042,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Copper alloy casting waste; sprue or jet. The sprue is an inverted conical which is sub-circular in section and a concave upper edge. The tip is blunt. The sprue has a mid green patina. It measures 21.91mm long, 17.7mm wide and weighs 10.5g. 

The sprue is likely to date to the Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,2009-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,10.5,,,,21.91,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wyre Forest,Broome,SO8976,From a paper map,52.381921,-2.163031,WAW-E0BAD1,,WAW-E0BAD1.jpg,Bronze Age Casting Waste: sprue or jet (profile).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-E0BAD1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/223786.jpg
271374,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,-700,"Three small fragments of metal working debris, possibly, though far from certainly, of Bronze Age date. The pieces weigh 45g, 24.25g and 42.95g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,3,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Elmbridge,WEYBRIDGE,TQ1158,From a paper map,51.3103,-0.40886,SUR-2219C2,,09.560.JPG,Bronze age: Metal working debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/09.560.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/223984.jpg
271518,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-300,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age to Early Iron Age bronze 'half-moustache'-like object with damage at both ends. It measures 36.24x9.87x9.84mm and weighs 10.74g. 

The object resembles half a moustache and consists of one solid pointed drop-shape. It is uncertain if it was originally a single half (as these are known) or one half of an original whole which would have been joined to the second half by a (probably perforated) central area.

At the wider end (9.87x9.84mm) the jagged (old) break stands 3.6mm proud of the solid object, suggesting the end would have been hollow, perhaps for attachment purposes. This half of the 'half moustache' is decorated with longitudinal pronounced ridges and deep grooves (twenty ridges) which encircle the outside edge whilst the object itself narrows and thins to 7.33x9.18mm. On the underside three ridges there are obscured slightly by a smoother patch of copper alloy, apparently over the top of the ridges. 

Beyond this the object tapers more dramatically to an (old) break 4.07x4.64mm. This half is plain, if badly pitted through loss of patina.

These moustache-like objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117). Three other examples are known besides the twelve recorded on the PAS database. Some of these are single examples, while others are 'double' sometimes with a central perforation. This suggests the object was meant to top something that fitted into this gap. Descriptions of other moustache-like objects with perforations describe iron corrosion or wood mineralisation around the perforation. Although very similar to wing-shaped chapes, it seems unlikely they had a similar function, as the perforation (and size of the object) is comparably small. Dr JD Hill feels these objects date to the Iron Age rather than the Bronze Age.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-08-29T23:00:00Z,,,,10.74,,,9.84,36.24,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Salisbury,SU1430,Centred on parish,51.06916283,-1.80156857,WILT-361573,,Leake0909moustache.jpg,Middle Bronze Age - Late Iron Age Unidentified object,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Leake0909moustache.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/224037.jpg
272314,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-1000,Fragment from the cutting edge of a Bronze Age socketed axe.,"Recorded at the Linwood Rally (Market Rasen), Lincolnshire, 4-6th September 2009.",4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-09-05T23:00:00Z,,,"Linwood, Market Rasen, Lincolnshire",,,,13.4,46.4,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Linwood,TF1085,From a paper map,53.350457,-0.348944,LIN-897A25,,LW305.jpg,Bronze Age axe fragment,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LW305.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/224799.jpg
272456,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,Two copper alloy ingots;  the first 50mm in maximum length and weighing 144g. The second 40.6mm in maximum length and weighing 104g. Possibly of Bronze Age date.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-05-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,2,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Limpsfield,TQ4249,,51.222541,0.032061,SUR-B34A01,,,,,,,
272822,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,1300,"A Middle Bronze Age cast copper alloy flanged palstave axehead of Acton-Taunton type, dating from circa 1500-1300 BC.  The side flanges are lozenge shaped, and rise to 23.3 mm at their highest. A ridged stop separates the blade from the septum at 53 mm from the end of the butt. The stop is 4.1 mm thick. The butt is slightly damaged, with a crescent shaped gap. Based on the patina, this occurred in antiquity and may have been a mistake in the casting of the axehead. The blade is wide and crescent shaped, measuring 73 mm wide. The axehead is 26.6 mm wide at the butt end and 134.1 mm in length. It weighs 400 grams. The cutting edge is still fairly sharp. The object has a dark brown to green patina, but is suffering from verdigre in places.  This example is undecorated and has neither shield nor rib decoration on the blade. The absence of an attachment loop also suggests it falls within the earlier part of the phase.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,,400,,,23.3,134.1,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Thorpe Constantine,SK2307,From finder,52.660238,-1.66139,NARC-DEB4D7,,Bronze Age axehead.jpg,Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/Bronze Age axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/230881.jpg
273467,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,2200,1900,"This is a fragment of an Early Bronze Age flat axe.  In this case, the axe has lost most of the lower blade and cutting edge but the shape and overall characteristics, give credibility to the conclusion.











The butt is rounded, slightly bent and coincident with the bend, there is a stress fracture across the face around one centimetre from the top edge.  A small section of the butt has broken away and missing.  The surface is undecorated but there are what appear to be hammer strikes down the edges.  The axe width expands from the butt with a very slight concave curve towards the now missing blade section.  The remaining length is 81.5mm and maximum width 47.5mm.  The thickness runs from 6.92mm at the butt to 4.90mm at the remaining lower edge at the break.











Found in Shropshire near the border with Wales, it resembles the matrices carved on the five-matrix axe mould from the river bed of the Walleybourne below Longden Common which has been ascribed to the Migdale-Marnoch tradition. See Thomas, Nicolas, ""An Early Bronze Age Stone Axe-Mould from the Walleybourne below Longden Common, Shropshire"" in Prehistoric Man in Wales and the West, 1972, pp161-6. It is also similar to axeheads found at Usk, Monmouthsire and St George's, Glamorgan (Savory, H N, 1980. ""National Museum of Wales, Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections"", pp165, Fig. 17, nos 106 and 110).  Staff at the National Museum have now confirmed the this axe belongs to the Migdale Tradition.











The surface has a small area of ancient, brown bronze patina but the greater part is lost.  That patina has now broken away to reveal the corrosive bright green copper oxidation below.","METALLURGICAL ANALYSIS OF A FLAT AXE FRAGMENT FROM SHROPSHIRE


 ANALYSIS by Mary Davis[1]


TECHNIQUE


Analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the artefact was carried out using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The axe was examined whole within the specimen chamber and was analysed for 100 live seconds using a working distance of 35mm and an accelerating voltage of 20kV. Where possible, areas of metal exposed from under the surface corrosion were analysed; this occurred when the object was excavated. Apart from very superficial surface swabbing of the artefact there was usually no further sample preparation. The result presented is semi-quantitative. Overall totals taken from minimally prepared surfaces are usually affected to some degree by the surface geometry of the artefacts, including factors such as curvature, pitting and indentations etc. Other factors that can also affect the results include surface oxidation, surface enrichment or depletion of certain elements, contamination from closely adhering dirt, and preferential corrosion.


 


Three separate readings were taken from the axe and the overall totals acquired were relatively low due to the factors described above. The results were normalised to 100% to obtain consistency between the readings and to make the analysis comparable with other results.


 


RESULT


Bronze


Average composition of metal


84-88% copper


1-2% arsenic


11-13% tin


 


COMMENT by Adam Gwilt[2]


This is the butt end of an early axe with a narrow butt and concave flaring sides. The identification of this as being bronze in composition, rather than copper, helps to identify this axe as of Type Migdale, belonging to the early part of the Early Bronze Age and dating to between 2200-1900BC. However, the relatively thick butt is atypical for the type, generally defined as having a tapering butt. This fragment probably belonged to a large and heavy flaring axe, showing close affinity with many similar axes known from Scotland. It is likely to be British rather than an Irish product. In Wales, two hoards containing Migdale axes are known, from Brithdir, Caerphilly and Oxwich, Swansea, while a mould for a Migdale axe has been found at Betws-y-Coed, Conwy. Only around 30 examples of Migdale axes are currently known from Wales, while Dr Peter Northover only lists an additional six examples from the Welsh Marches in his recent study of bronzes from Wales and The Marches. This artefact, though fragmentary, therefore has some importance for the wider understanding of the early use and deposition of bronze in the region. It merits careful recording, illustration and photography to ensure it may be included within a wider future synthesis of material from the early part of the Early Bronze Age.






[1] Analytical Researcher and Archaeological Conservator, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales






[2] Curator of the Bronze & Iron Age Collections, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,93.4,,,6.92,81.5,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Chirbury with Brompton,SO2598,From finder,52.574626,-3.108133,CPAT-401466,,2964-0001.jpg,Bronze Age - Flat Axe,Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2964-0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/225825.jpg
273661,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,A double-sided tanged knife blade of probable late Bronze Age date. The knife blade is 18.3mm wide; the tang is 1.24mm thcik and 2.8mm thick at the shoulder with the blade.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,24.92,,,2.53,101.9,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Woodlands,SU0210,From a paper map,50.889482,-1.972936,SUR-608AC8,,09.721.JPG,Late bronze age: Knife,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/09.721.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/226088.jpg
273872,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age (1000 – 700 BC) cast bronze faceted Socketed Axehead of type Gillespie, sometimes known as ‘baggy axe’. It measures 83.62mm in length and weighs 213.39g.

The axe has a faceted, short, broad and baggy body with a gentle curve at the sides extending into a flared trumpet shaped mouth at one end and expanded cutting edge at the other. Both cutting edge and mouth are of similar width, making the axehead rather symmetrical.

The mouth is circular in shape and measures c.43mm in diameter. It has a deep flaring collar which has a moulded rim at the edge. The socket is rather more oval in shape, measuring 32.8x29.61mm. It is 67mm deep.

The loop projects just beneath the flaring collar, where the body measures 37x34mm. From here, the sides drop with a very gentle curve to the expanded cutting edge, 48.97mm wide. The facets extend inwards of the edge in a deep curve, which straightens to a vertical roughly half way along the body of the axe.

The surface is extremely pitted though the patina is preserved in some areas, notably the cutting edge which has obviously had additional work in its lifetime. The casting flashes around the loop have been smoothed but area still visible, unlike the join on the other side where they are not visible. There also appear to be casting flashes around the mouth moulding (possibly an additional, thinner moulding below that of the open end) but this seems unfinished, or else obscured by pitting.

The inside of the socket shows two prominent ribs from the corresponding grooves of the core.

This axe is of a type which is known as Type Gillespie, which Burgess and Schmidt suggest is associated with later Wilburton metalworking traditions and Ewart Park tradition. It has been suggested that this form of facet axe continues production into the Llyn Fawr tradition (which is the transitional period between the metalwork of the Bronze and Iron Ages).

Cf. Schmidt & Burgess, The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Plate 77.",,3,,,,Other chance find,,,,,213.39,,,43,83.62,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Tilshead,SU0347,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.222188,-1.958424,WILT-739705,,French1009SocketedAxehead.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/French1009SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/226855.jpg
274881,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1150,"Mid Bronze Age copper alloy palstave, 126mm long, 44mm wide at the tip, 28mm wide at the base, and 26mm thick. The object is in fairish condition with a brown patina. The axe is fairly worn and has no trace of a side loop. The blade is still sharp and splays slightly at each end. Its surface is plain and it has a pronounced sub triangular flange on one side only.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,2003-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,26,126,1,Rebecca Czechowicz,Rebecca Czechowicz,East Midlands,Leicestershire,North West Leicestershire,Whitwick,SK4314,From a paper map,52.72194827,-1.36480028,LEIC-FFF603,,LEIC-FFF603b.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebecca/LEIC-FFF603b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/227244.jpg
274957,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"Early Bronze Age copper alloy axe tip, 31mm long, 31mm wide and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 22.17g. It represents the broken tip of an early Bronze age flat axe with a slightly flared blade.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,22.17,,,6,31,1,Rebecca Czechowicz,Rebecca Czechowicz,Eastern,Suffolk,Babergh,Glemsford,TL8248,From finder,52.1003938,0.65579594,LEIC-03B8C7,,LEIC-03B8C7.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy axe tip,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebecca/LEIC-03B8C7.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/227288.jpg
275621,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,1500,200,"This copper alloy lump has been consciously shaped and has some antiquity to it.  It is possibly Bronze Age, as to function; it is possibly a casting sprue.  See find number WAW-48D8F4 for a parallel.  In support of the date, it was found near the location of five scattered BA palstaves.   One other possibility would be that of a gaming piece, perhaps Roman in date.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-10-28T00:00:00Z,,,,36,,,,26.95,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Powys,Powys,Nantmel,SN9969,From finder,52.309791,-3.482888,CPAT-53DDB6,,2974-0001.jpg,Bronze Age - Casting Waste (probable),Clywd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/2974-0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/227749.jpg
275661,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,A small fragment of a socketed axe comprising the loop and part of the rim.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,10.1,,,,29.28,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Whitchurch,SU4644,From a paper map,51.193377,-1.343103,SUR-6D7C11,,09.849.JPG,Bronze age: Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/09.849.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/227811.jpg
277424,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast copper-alloy late Bronze Age socketed axehead. Only the socket end of the axehead remains; it is collared and the breaks are recent. This is an axe from the Ewart Park phase (c.1000- c. 800BC). Length 19.63mm, width 32.27mm, thickness 4.87mm and weight 6.4g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-08-21T23:00:00Z,2008-08-24T23:00:00Z,,,6.4,,,4.87,19.63,1,Laura McLean,Kate Orr,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Huntingdonshire,Water Newton,TL1095,,52.541755,-0.379452,CAM-6A08D5,,,,,,,
278172,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Part of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy awl. Length 50.81mm, width 9.64mm and weight 18.1g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-08-21T23:00:00Z,2008-08-24T23:00:00Z,,,18.1,,,,50.81,1,,Kate Orr,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Huntingdonshire,Chesterton,TL1294,,52.53236117,-0.35031183,CAM-D029E6,,,,,,,
278710,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1050,"Cast copper-alloy socketed fragment, probably a side-looped or basal-looped socketed spearhead from the Middle Bronze Age (1500 - 1050 BC).



Mass: 12.8g; length: 31.6mm; external diameter (base): 15.3mm.



The tapering fragment is complete at the base but broken at the top across the socket and the diametrically opposed and incomplete loops. The fragment has a brown, pitted surface.",Find has been recorded twice. This artefact is the same as WMID2353.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.8,,15.3,,31.6,1,Duncan Slarke,Duncan Slarke,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Lichfield,SK1108,Centred on field,52.66960094,-1.83877065,WMID-057585,,pearson spear 1009_edited-1.jpg,"WMID-057585.  Bronze Age socketed spear (plan, profile, base)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dslarke/pearson spear 1009_edited-1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/232107.jpg
278923,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A copper-alloy, Bronze Age chisel of middle Bronze Age date, circa 1500-1150 BC. The chisel is tanged rather than socketed, though part of the tang appears to have been broken off in antiquity. Between the tang and the blade there is a stop ridge. After the stop ridge the blade flares gradually towards the edge.  The chisel has the familiar dark green patina associated with artefacts of Bronze Age date, though it is in poor condition and some of the patina is flaking away. The thin tip of the blade is in particularly fragmentary condition. The chisel measures 71.8 mm in length, is 4.6 mm in thickness and flares from 5.9 mm to 26.3 mm thick from the tang to the blade. It weighs 27.34 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-10-01T23:00:00Z,,,,27.34,,,4.6,71.8,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Fulford,SJ9439,,52.948349,-2.090743,NARC-3F8463,,BA chisel2.jpg,Middle Bronze Age tanged chisel,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/BA chisel2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/230757.jpg
279122,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"1400-1200BC. Middle Bronze Age. Copper alloy - bronze, cast, looped, relatively narrow palstave. Length 108.7mm, Width 27.8mm, Thickness 23.9mm, Weight 168g. This palstave has the stop-ridge fused to small flanges to form a pocket on each face of the tool which split or folked ends of the wooden handle could be attached. There was a single loop now missing added onto the lower surface of the axe to enable it to be fastened more securely to the haft. This has broken away in antiquity. Possibly resulting in the loss of the axe. This palstave has a plain blade of narrow shape with a fine casting seam. Approximately 70% of the axe has an olive green patina but there is surface corrosion on the rest with loss of the end of the butt and possibly some of the cutting edge of the blade. Ref. Bronze Age Metalwork in Norwich Castle Museum, Norfolk Museum Service 1977, 2nd Edition 1977, The Gallpen Press Ltd, Norwich, page 13-15 Fig. 20.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-10-17T23:00:00Z,,,,168,,,23.9,108.7,1,Geoff Burr,Geoff Burr,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Henfield,TQ2320,Generated from computer mapping software,50.966299,-0.249741,KENT-524087,,DSCN5045.JPG,Kent-524087. Middle Bronze Age. Palstave axe. Looped plain type. Lower view.,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gburr/DSCN5045.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/231151.jpg
279925,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A cast bronze faceted socketed axehead. The mouth of the socket, in the interior, is almost circular in plan and measures 29.8mm diameter. The exterior has a single prominent moulded ridge around the mouth rim. Below the rim there is a more feint ridge which is sited just above the side loop. On one side there is an integral loop which is semi-circular in plan and a sub-lozenge in section. Extending from the more feint moulded ridge there are multiple ribs on both faces, five on one face and seven on the other. In plan the axe has slightly concave sides with a slight flaring at the blade. The blade is heavily abraded and the original edge is now lost. The sides of the axe form a shallow ‘<’ shape in section with a casting seam at the apex. The side casting seams have been smoothed slightly, but are still visible. When these seams extend to the mouth rim, the seams have been smoothed to become almost flat. Approximately half of the socket is filled with what appears to be soil rather than organic remains. The socket has been recently cleaned. The surface of the axe has a shiny mid blue/green patina covering the majority of the axe, otherwise there are areas of abrasion and corrosion. There are slight traces of a shiny grey surface on the axe as well. The axe measures 114.04mm in length, 45.22mm wide across the apex of the loop and upper portion of the axe, and is 40.74mm thick across the mouth rim. 

The axe dates to the Ewart Park phase c.1000 – c. 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,40.74,114.04,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Alcester,SP0955,From a paper map,52.193167,-1.869755,WAW-C2E756,,WAW-C2E756.jpg,"Bronze Age Axe: Socketed (plan, profile, plan, profile and section).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-C2E756.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/232228.jpg
280140,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age razor fragment.

It is very worn and little remains of the actual blade. What remains is sub-triangular in plan with a flattened end where it has broken. The sides are worn. It has a tang which is sub-triangular in plan (the widest end meeting the blades widest end) and also worn.  

It is very thin all over with the edges being thinnest. ",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,11.5,,,3.21,54.97,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Wold Newton,TA0472,From a paper map,54.13333301,-0.40980189,DUR-E58572,,BA razor DUR-E58572.jpg,Bronze Age razor,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/frances/BA razor DUR-E58572.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/237330.jpg
280188,Winged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-875,-800,"Late Bronze Age bronze end-winged axe, belonging to the Carp's Tongue complex of Ewart Park metalworking, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7 and dated to c. 950-750BC.



The winged axe is incomplete, missing both wings on the unlooped side (the axe has an overall length of 1360.9mm and a weight of 282.8g). The butt protrudes beyond the return of the wings (by 14mm) and expands to the end (with a width of 22.4mm and a thickness of 6.1mm). The end of the butt has two 'horns' each side of a central rectangular break, which would have been attached to the casting jet before removal. The sides of the axe are straight and converge slightly towards the start of the blade (where the axe has a maximum body width behind the loop of 27mm and a minimum width at the stop of 21.8mm). The loop is positioned towards the rear of the wings (and has a length of 20.7mm, a height of 8.7mm, giving the axe an overall width of 34.6mm, a thickness of 6mm and an aperture of 7.4mm x 5.3mm). The remains of the casting seams are discernible along both sides. The wings diverge sharply to their apices before returning more gradually to the blade. The wings are only partially turned-over and were unlikely to have been closed (the wings have a maximum height of 36.4mm, a length of 48.7mm and a thickness of 4.7mm). Both the wings on the unlooped side have broken in antiquity (with a surviving height of 23mm) a stress fracture near the blade appears to suggest the wing was struck from the top (as hafted). The stop is rounded and gradually slopes from the septum (where the axe has a maximum body thickness of 18.0mm). The blade is slender and the sides diverge to form a rounded blade edge (with a width of 40.3mm). The blade faces are slightly convex with no discernible blade facet. The original surface of the axe has been lost and has a current pitted bronze surface. The septum has small patches of black patina surviving.



End-winged axes are associated with the Carp's Tongue complex with a distribution centred around northern France and southern Britain. Burgess's (1968) distribution of the axe type is confined to south-eastern England except for one western outlier in St. Kenidjack, Cornwall. Swansea Museum has a (probable) replica end-winged axe recovered from Sketty, Swansea. A Ewart Park hoard recovered in 2005 from Llancarfan, Vale of Glamorgan contained one end-winged axe (Gwilt, 2008, p 221, no. 1223) . This discovery appears to represent the third find of this axe type in Wales and the fourth in western Britain and may suggest a possible local clustering around Swansea, possibly indicating a network of exchange and circulation of metalwork around coastal South Wales.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,282.8,,,23,1360.9,1,Steve Sell,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Sketty,SS6390,From finder,51.592143,-3.979119,NMGW-E7E1C2,,wing axe.jpg,Winged axe drawing,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/wing axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/231977.jpg
281474,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Early Bronze Age (2150BC-1500BC) cast copper alloy flat axe. It has a damaged and incomplete butt end. Both the upper and lower surfaces are slightly concave, with a slightly raised stop ridge 38.39mm from the butt end. The axe flares out towards the cutting edge, resulting in concave sides and a convex blade. The cutting edge is damaged and worn. In profile the axe is an elongated oval with pointed ends. It has a dark green patina, with some patches of light-green corrosion where the surface has been damaged. It is 78.97mm long, 17.72mm wide, 3.12mm thick at the butt end, 21.23mm wide11.36mm thick at the stop ridge and 35.55mm wide3.23mm thick at the blade. It weighs 99.11 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-09-26T23:00:00Z,,,,99.11,,,,78.97,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Suffolk,Babergh,Glemsford,TL8149,GPS (from the finder),52.109703,0.641744,ESS-BC3312,,1f ESS-BC3312.jpg,ESS-BC3312 Bronze Age flat axe,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/1f ESS-BC3312.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/233243.jpg
281852,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,"
A small fragment from the blade of a spear of probable Middle Bronze Age date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,,4.43,,,4.73,15.62,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Baulking,SU3291,From a paper map,51.616922,-1.539215,SUR-8FEB36,,09.1265.JPG,Middle bronze age: Spear,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/09.1265.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/233332.jpg
281895,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,The butt end of a palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date.  The fragment includes the beginnings of the side flanges.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,28.78,,,8.94,34.94,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Horne,TQ3441,GPS (from the finder),51.152577,-0.085411,SUR-A5BC60,,09.1280.JPG,Middle bronze age: Palstave axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/09.1280.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/233351.jpg
282483,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axehead, consisting of part of the mouth and body below, on both part of a face and part of a side. It measures 22.96x21.93x(max)6.21mm and weighs 8.2g. The mouth (6.21mm thick) has single moulding with a rib below from which extends at least two vertical ribs before the (old) breaks. The lip seems a little more prominent on the face as opposed to the side, with a casting imperfection extending just below. Axes with rib decoration date to the Ewart Park and Llynfawr phases, 900-700 BC.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,8.2,,,6.21,22.96,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Heytesbury,ST9242,Centred on parish,51.177178,-2.115823,WILT-47CFF6,,Quinn0110sockaxe.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Quinn0110sockaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/233867.jpg
282520,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"A poorly preserved fragment of a weapon blade, possibly a dagger/knife, rapier or dirk probably dating to the Middle Bronze Age (1600-1000 BC). The object has a wide triangular cross section with a raised central midrib while the underside has a slightly curved profile. The object narrows in width and thickness towards the tip of the blade. The object appears to be damaged as it displays two irregular notches, and may have been miscast. The tip and the hilt of the object is missing, making identification difficult.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-11-06T00:00:00Z,,,,37.8,,,9.13,60.74,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Waterstock,SP6305,Centred on field,51.74017285,-1.08900055,BERK-4C32F8,,Devonald bronze blade.jpg,Waterstock: Middle Bronze Age blade fragment,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/Devonald bronze blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/233823.jpg
282615,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy fragment, probably from a rapier of Middle Bronze age date (1500-1150BC). The fragment is trapezoid in plan, with an elongated lozengeform cross section. There are worn breaks at both ends. It is 23.63mm long, 24.93mm wide, tapering to 20.92mm, is 5.15mm thick and weighs 12.66 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-10-23T23:00:00Z,,,,12.66,,,5.15,23.63,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Epping Forest,Stanford Rivers,TL5203,From finder,51.705156,0.19835,ESS-5F3C31,,1a ESS-5F3C31 5927.jpg,ESS-5F3C31 Bronze Age blade fragment,Colchester Museums,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/1a ESS-5F3C31 5927.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/235494.jpg
282673,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"Complete cast copper alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date, 2150–1500 BC. The body has a flanged edge with slightly rounded butt. It flares out towards the cutting edge, resulting in concave sides and a convex blade. In profile the axe is an elongated lozengiform with pointed ends. It has a mottled green patina with the blade showing evidence of wear. Recorded from images supplied by North West MDC. Unfortunately no measurements recorded by club.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2006-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Janny Baxter,Janny Baxter,Yorkshire and the Humber,York,York,Stockton-on-the-Forest,SE6857,From finder,54.004557,-0.964007,LVPL-60EFC4,,LVPL-60EFC4 Cast copper alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date.jpg,LVPL-60EFC4 Cast copper alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jbaxter2/LVPL-60EFC4 Cast copper alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/233977.jpg
282679,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1150,"A complete cast copper alloy flat axehead of Early to Middle Bronze Age date, 2150-1150 BC. The axehead has a flanged edge and a rounded butt. Its body is of equal width until it flares abruptly outwards to create the wide crescentric cutting edge. The axehead is in good condition, showing fairly minimal pitted corrosion at the blade, edge and butt. Recorded from images supplied by North West MDC. Unfortunately no measurements recorded by club.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2006-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Janny Baxter,Janny Baxter,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Fangfoss,SE7552,From finder,53.95866,-0.858458,LVPL-613611,,LVPL-613661 Complete cast copper alloy flat axehead of Early to Middle Bronze Age date.jpg,LVPL-613661 Complete cast copper alloy flat axehead of Early to Middle Bronze Age date,National Museum Liverpool,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jbaxter2/LVPL-613661 Complete cast copper alloy flat axehead of Early to Middle Bronze Age date.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/233978.jpg
282984,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age (2150 - 800 BC) bronze awl, measuring 54.90mm in length and weighing 4.3g. The tang-end is bent upwards slightly.

The centre of the awl, which is the thickest part and rectangular in section, measures 4.59x3.89mm. From the centre to the point the awl narrows and becomes circular in section. In the other direction from the centre, the awl narrows is thickness and a little in width to 2.94x0.61mm. The surface of the awl on this half does seem to have been chiselled away to make it thinner.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,4.3,,,3.89,54.9,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Heytesbury,ST9242,,51.177178,-2.115823,WILT-B25544,,Martin0110awl.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Martin0110awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/234676.jpg
282991,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"A fragment of Middle to Late Bronze Age (1500 - 800 BC) bronze socketed spearhead, consisting of the solid tip only. It measures 46.49mm in length and is a lozenge shape in section. It weighs 14.4g. 

The break measures 16.45x7.97mm, the tip 1.85x1.81mm. The edges apper slightly bevelled, but the fragment is worn and has lost much of its original patina.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,14.4,,,7.97,46.49,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Heytesbury,ST9242,Centred on parish,51.177178,-2.115823,WILT-B28617,,Martin0110spear.jpg,Middle/ Late Bronze Age Spearhead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Martin0110spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/234686.jpg
283387,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A Bronze age copper alloy Awl dating to 2150-800 BC. The awl is linear with a rectangular cross section. One end of the awl  is flattened to an irregular rectangular cross section, terminating in a straight tip. The other end terminates in a slightly rounded tip, The implement is cast in one piece and is 78.8mm long, 6.7mm wide, 6.2mm thick and weighs 17.8 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.8,,,6.2,78.8,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Gravesham,Higham,TQ7072,From a paper map,51.421519,0.443624,KENT-DDB7B8,,KENT-DDB7B8.jpg,A copper alloy awl ,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENT-DDB7B8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/234629.jpg
283877,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard of two socketed axes.



1. South Wales-type socketed axe 



Length 102.0mm, blade width 54.0mm, weight 354.0g. 



This is a complete bronze axe with an outsplayed mouth moulding and a high loop. The axe has a sub-rectangular shaped mouth in plan, with four runner stubs, indicating a four runner casting technology. The axe has slightly divergent and concave sides, expanding slightly near the blade edge. Three near parallel longitudinal ribs descend from the mouth moulding down both faces of the axe. Prominent casting flashes down the sides and around the loop indicate minimal preparation after casting. The blade edge is damaged but curved, with striations along the blade bevel, indicating some preparation of the blade for use. Much of the internal and external surfaces are covered with a black patination, worn surfaces and the blade edges having a grey-green patination.



2. South Wales-type socketed axe



Length 84.0mm, blade width 44.9mm, weight 211.4g.



This is a complete bronze axe with an outsplayed mouth moulding and a high loop. The axe has a sub-oval shaped mouth in plan, with four runner stubs, indicating a four runner casting technology. The axe has slightly divergent and concave shaped sides, expanding slightly near the blade edge. Three convergent longitudinal ribs descend from the mnouth moulding down both faces of the axe. Casting flashes survive down the sides and around the loop, indicating minimal preparation after casting. The blade edge is damaged but curved, with striations along the blade bevel, indicating some preparation of the blade for use. Some of the upper and internal surfaces are covered with a black patination, worn surfaces and the blade edges having a grey-green patination.","This small hoard was buried during the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age and dates to between 1000-800BC (Needham 1996; Needham et al 1997). South Wales -type axes were commonly made and used in south east Wales at this time (McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980; Needham 1981). Over 30 hoards containing at least 140 examples are known from this region (e.g. Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004), making it the core areas within Britain for their burial within hoards. However, they were also made and used across south western and central southern England, with a few examples circulating as far as northern Britain, Ireland and northern France. The discovery of another similarly dated in the vicinity of this find-spot is interesting. This was found in 2005, some 358 metres to the north-west (Treasure Case 05.15 Wales). It contained nineteen artefacts, including sword fragments, an end-winged axe, South Wales-type socketed axes, a faceted axe, a casting jet and ingot fragments and is now displayed at the National Museum Cardiff (Museum Accession Number 2007.18H). It suggests that these bronze hoards were carefully buried during ritual acts, located at this significant place in the landscape, away from known settlements of the time.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-05-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,2,Adam Gwilt,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llancarfan,ST0372,Generated from computer mapping software,51.438662,-3.396945,NMGW-08D917,,DH003185_09.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axes,National Museums and Galleries of Wales,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH003185_09.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/235378.jpg
283890,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"
A small and creased fragment of gold foil. The foil is folded over in half and has jagged tear edges on three sides.
","The gold foil was found sitting immediately on a Bronze Age stone working surface, approximately 5.5 by 4.0 metres in area. Associated within the same soil context as the gold foil (2) were 31 sherds of Middle Bronze Age tradition pottery (1500-1100BC), a rolled-top bronze pin of Middle or Late Bronze Age (1500-800BC) date and an animal bone assemblage. It is possible that the small fragment of gold foil (2) may once have coated a penannular ring (hair-ring). These are a reasonably common class of Bronze Age artefacts, using gold foil for surface decoration. Loose and non-adhered foil is sometimes observed projecting from their terminals. While a number of dated examples belong to the Late Bronze Age (1150-800BC), it is now thought that they started to be manufactured towards the end of the Middle Bronze Age (1300-1150BC) (e.g. TAR 2004, no. 17; Raftery 2004). In the light of the associated pottery, a Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1300-1000BC) has been suggested for this foil.",3,Gold,Silver,,Controlled archaeological investigation,2008-07-02T23:00:00Z,,2008W8,,,,,,4.4,1,Adam Gwilt,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llan-Maes,SS9869,Generated from computer mapping software,51.410817,-3.467992,NMGW-093625,,DH003186_05.jpg,Middle - Late Bronze Age gold foil,National Museums and Galleries of Wales,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH003186_05.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/235390.jpg
283900,Armlet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A plain and elongate gold strip with near parallel sides. One terminal survives, while the other has been torn around 4-7mm from the end. The surviving terminal is loosely folded over, with an external width of 3.5-5mm. The terminal tapers gradually beyond the fold-over, with a flat but slightly convex shaped end and rounded corners. An offset crease, parallel to the terminal-end is visible 2.2-2.5mm from the edge, the strip terminal also being pinched and thinned beyond the crease. Approximately 4mm from the terminal, a pin-hole approximately 0.8mm in diameter perforates the strip. Denting on the underside or interior of the fold-over indicates the pin was pressed from the current exterior side, though small projecting margin rings of excess gold are visible on both margin surfaces. A scrape next to the perforation was probably made in error with the same fine pin at the time the perforations were made.



The opposite terminal looks to be starting to taper, near the point of the tear. One torn corner has folded over since breakage. This terminal has two perforations, each approximately 0.8mm in diameter. One perforation is approximately 2.2mm from the torn end, while the tear has bisected the second perforation. Denting on one surface indicates the pin was pressed from the same side as the perforation on the other terminal, and projecting margin rings of excess gold are visible on both surface margins. The end 12mm of the strip exhibits prominent sinuous bending at right angles to the long-axis of the strip. At one time, this was probably bent over, similarly to the other terminal.



At the mid-point along the strip is a band, indicating a point at which the strip was once folded around a larger object, itself around 20-25mm wide. This folding point is evidenced on the interior side by a localised change in the surface gold texture and delimited by linear changes of surface contour around 3.5mm apart. On the exterior surface, there is slight evidence for lines of bending of the gold in the same place. The strip edge on one side also looks to be distorted at this point.



The strip looks to have been hammer-shaped, with small surface facets, pressed ridged folds and slight localised variations in the strip-width. Slight surface scratching probably occurred during burial and retrieval.","Average composition of edge: 93.5% gold, 6% silver, 0.5% copper



Average composition of inner face: 92.5% gold, 7% silver, 0.5% copper",4,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Controlled archaeological investigation,2008-07-09T23:00:00Z,,2008W8,,2.5,,,0.4,48.5,1,Adam Gwilt,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llan-Maes,SS9869,Generated from computer mapping software,51.410817,-3.467992,NMGW-09A1A5,,DH003186_02.jpg,Middle Bronze Age gold strip,National Museums and Galleries of Wales,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH003186_02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/235379.jpg
283957,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe fragment.



This is a small blade end fragment of a bronze socketed axe, representing perhaps 20% of the original axe. The sides of the axe flare at the blade end and the blade edge is curved. The base of the socket is clearly present. Too little of the axe survives to identify whether it was ribbed or plain and to type. The blade surfaces are worn and weathered, the break edges also being abraded. The axe has a dark brown patination.","Too little of this socketed axe fragment survives to identify it to precise type, however as a socketed axe, it may be confidently dated to the Late Bronze Age, between 1150-750BC (e.g. Savory 1980; Schmidt & Burgess 1981; Needham 1990; Needham et al 1997; Eogan 2000). The previously reported artefacts in the hoard, a ribbed socketed axe and a casting jet (produced when making a South Wales type socketed axe), were dated to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (950-750BC). Therefore, there is a strong likelihood that the blade fragment is contemporary with another two associated artefacts (Treasure case 03.17). The close vicinity of the finds with each other, at similar depth, and their common fragmented and weathered state, add weight to the likelihood that they were once buried together as a closed hoard group, being slightly disturbed by ploughing or forestry during the more recent past. Together, the composition and fragmentation of this hoard group would be entirely consistent with other hoards deposited in south east Wales at this time (Savory 1980; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004; Gwilt & Lodwick in prep).",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2008-07-14T23:00:00Z,,,,34.6,,,,26.3,1,Adam Gwilt,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanhennock,ST3795,,51.650247,-2.911991,NMGW-0B0327,,DH003183_02.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe blade,National Museums and Galleries of Wales,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH003183_02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/235377.jpg
283990,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,A possible Bronze Age (or later) awl with a rounded rectangular or square section along the length.  The awl is roughly made and slightly bent with green patina over purple.,,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,9.5,,,4.09,84.54,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Epsom and Ewell,EPSOM,TQ2059,From a paper map,51.317462,-0.27946,SUR-33CF30,,10.09.JPG,Bronze age: Copper alloy awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/10.09.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/235239.jpg
284099,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
Small mouth fragment of a socketed bronze axe, representing one upper face and part of one upper side. The axe has a prominent mouth moulding, the top of which is heavily eroded, removing any trace of runner stubs. Three converging ribs descend from the mouth moulding. The width and contours of the face suggest the axe was slender with a sub-rectangular section with rounded corners. None of the loop or casting seams survives. The fragment has worn edges with light green patches of corrosion. The fragment surfaces have a green patination except between the ribs, where the surface is black.
","This is a ribbed socketed axe belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age and dating to between 1000 and 800BC (Needham 1996; Needham et al 1997). Though not certainly diagnostic to type, this fragment exhibits features consistent with a South Wales type socketed axe: the prominent mouth moulding, the three face ribs and the sub-rectangular cross-section. South Wales type axes were commonly made and used in south east Wales at this time (McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980; Needham 1981). Over 30 hoards containing at least 140 examples are known from south east Wales (e.g. Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004), making it the core area within Britain for their burial within hoards. However, they were also made and used across south western and central southern England, with a few examples circulating as far as northern Britain, Ireland and northern France.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,15.7,,,5.5,30.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9880,From a paper map,51.509691,-3.471168,NMGW-466DC7,,B F ax.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe3 mouth,National Museums and Galleries of Wales,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/B F ax.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/235350.jpg
284248,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-1000,"A cast copper-alloy palstave axe of the Bronze Age, of the Wilburton/Wallington phase.

The axe is nearly complete, with only the tip of the butt missing.

The blade gently expands from the stop to the edge, with some flaring of the tips, with a maximum breadth of 37.49mm. The base of the blade has 3 raised ribs. The septum is set deeply, 10.82mm from the top of the stop, with 1 raised rib running 2/3 of its length. The loop is complete and 22.96mm in length.

There are prominent flashmarks on both the upper and lower faces of the palstave.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-08-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,25.44,147.27,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Horncastle,TF2668,GPS (from the finder),53.194165,-0.115441,NCL-4D2773,,IMG_0936.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axehead,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/IMG_0936.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/235475.jpg
284575,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment from a cast copper-alloy socketed Bronze Age axe head. Only the tip of the blade survives, and this tapers from 45.3 mm wide at the tip to 37.3 mm at the break. Part of the socket survives as a sub-rectangular recess in the centre of the blade at the break. Wear and an even patina at the break suggests that this occurred in antiquity. The surface of the axe head is worn and pitted, and has a dark green to black patina. Not enough of the axe survives to allow definitive classification, but the form of the fragment suggests that is from a socketed axe head of the late Bronze Age, from circa 1150-800 BC. The fragment is 45.3 mm wide, 11.2 mm thick, 23.6 mm long and weighs 38.7 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,38.7,,,11.2,23.6,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,"Lapley, Stretton and Wheaton Aston",SJ8713,From a paper map,52.714499,-2.193876,NARC-6D90A5,,axehead fragment reduced.jpg,Late Bronze Age cast copper-alloy axehead fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/axehead fragment reduced.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/235698.jpg
284719,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A fragment of possibly Bronze Age bronze object, measuring 17.74x15.87x5.64mm and weighing 4.3g.

In cross-section, the fragment is V-shaped, with either half thickening towards the centre (max.thickness) and thinning again to the outside edges 9respectively 1.99mm and 2.75mm). The surface is a little pitted but has a smooth light green patina.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,4.3,,,5.64,17.74,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Upavon,SU1355,Centred on parish,51.293984,-1.814944,WILT-747A80,,Croker0110unid.jpg,Bronze Age (possibly) Unidentified Object,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Croker0110unid.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/236871.jpg
285399,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1140,-800,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy stepped spearhead fragment, 48mm long, 16mm wide, 9mm thick and weighs 13.32g. The object consists of the tip of a spearhead which is intricately cast. It has a central conical section which is flanked by a straight sided stepped blade with two clear platforms which all taper together to form a rounded point. The spear is very worn and is broken.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,13.32,,,9,48,1,Wendy Scott,Rebecca Czechowicz,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Rushcliffe,Rempstone,SK5724,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.810543,-1.155808,LEIC-EE5110,,EE5110b.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy spear head,British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebecca/EE5110b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/237675.jpg
286245,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead. The fragment is an elongated triangular socket with traces of a blade either side. The edges of the blade are heavily abraded. The tip and lower edges are both broken, these breaks are not too recent. The lower break has a circular sectioned socket. The surface of the spearhead is pitted and has an incomplete heavy dark grey patina. The spear measures 35.95mm long, 11.09mm wide and 8.18mm thick. It weighs 5.4g. The heavy patina, and shape in section suggest this is a Bronze Age spearhead. However, as the majority of the object is missing, which has the diagnostic features such as side-loops missing the dating cannot be narrowed down further.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,2009-11-23T00:00:00Z,,,5.4,,,8.18,35.95,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Tanworth-in-Arden,SP1469,,52.318927,-1.796034,WAW-3143C0,,WAW-3143C0.jpg,Bronze Age: spear (plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-3143C0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/237075.jpg
286503,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"A cast copper-alloy 'Arreton' tradition low-flanged axehead. The body of the axehead is narrow at 21.43 mm wide, expanding to form a broad crescentic blade, 60.98 mm wide. The flange is around 15.2 mm wide. The axehead itself measures 111.10 mm in length and is 16.8 mm thick. Both faces have two visible but faint transverse bevel lines, one at the junction of the blade and body, and one central line across the body between the flanges. The sides also have slight facets running longitudinally and dividing the flat central area from bevels which run to the top of the flanges. The axehead has a green to brown patina in the centre, turning to a dark green along the edges. There are also green pocks of invasive corrosion on the tip of the blade, the butt, the tops of the ridges and down one side. The axehead dates to the end of the early Bronze Age, probably from around 1700 - 1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,20.8,,,16.8,111.1,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Barton-under-Needwood,SK1717,From finder,52.750353,-1.749583,NARC-707483,,NARC-707483.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy flanged axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-707483.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/237335.jpg
287516,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"A copper-alloy fragment of what was once possibly a Bronxe Age axehead or spearhead. If this identification is correct, only part of the tip of the blade remains. The fragment tapers at quite an acute angle from 9.99 mm to 1.2 mm thick. The acute angle would seem a little strange for an axehead so this raises some doubt about this identification. An alternative possibility is that it is part of the side of a spearhead. Aside from damage where the object has broken, the blade is also worn and is jagged through corrosion. At one end the object appears to have been cast with a slight groove, and an then has an angle of 135 degrees before the blade begins. The blade then curves around gradually to the break. As the object is so fragmentary it is hard to distinguish how these features related to its function, but it is possible that they represent the base of a spearhead, and the tang is missing although this is very tentative.  There is no evidence for it having had a socket. The object measures 36.41 mm in length and 27.14 mm wide. It is 10.25 mm thick and weighs 21.6 grams. It has a pale green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-12-06T00:00:00Z,,,,21.6,,,10.25,36.41,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Gnosall,SJ7916,GPS (from the finder),52.741215,-2.312491,NARC-FE4307,,NARC-FE4307.jpg,Possible Bronze Age axe or spear fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-FE4307.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/278226.jpg
287565,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age (1150 – 800 BC) bronze Socketed Axehead, consisting of part of the mouth with loop extending below and the body between. It measures 44.52x16.12x15.78mm and weighs 14.27g. The fragment is rather twisted in appearance, possibly as the result of intense heat.

The mouth (6.25mm thick) has a prominent moulding from which the top of the loop extends. The inside edge of the loop seems to extend into another moulding below. However as so little of the body survives at this point it is difficult to be certain.

The casting flash on both inside and outside edges of the loop has not been finished. The metal is also rather pitted and a rich brown in colour with orange ?iron resiude.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,14.27,,,15.78,44.52,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Sutton Benger,ST9478,Centred on parish,51.500904,-2.087831,WILT-01E6E2,,Hemms0210sockaxe.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Hemms0210sockaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/238130.jpg
288128,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A very worn lower body of a cast copper alloy socketed looped axe dating from the Late Bronze Age, that is c. 11th-9th century BC. Most of the socket moulding and the blade is missing; the surface is heavily abraded and patinated. It looks like it was of South Eastern ribbed type, part of the Late Bronze Age Wilburton or, more likely, Ewart Park metalwork assemblage, 10th C BC. A better identification is impossible due to the condition of the axe,",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-08-14T23:00:00Z,,,,53.3,,,23.13,54.44,1,Andrew Richardson,Andrew Richardson,South East,Kent,Ashford,Shadoxhurst,TQ9836,From finder,51.089129,0.825935,KENT-40C194,,40C194-a.JPG,Copper Alloy socketed axe head,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arichardson/40C194-a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/288416.jpg
288747,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A small fragment of cast copper alloy socketed axe. Part of the mouth of the socketed butt of the axe only. One corner of the rectangular or square mouth only remains. The mouth has a raised lip around the outside and there a traces of three cast  longitudinal lines on the outer surface of the socket.
Date: Late Bronze Age - c. 1150 to 800 BC
Dimensions: 35.83 mm x 22.11 mm x 5.57 mm
Weight: 12.86 g",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-10-30T00:00:00Z,,,,12.86,,,5.57,35.83,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Buckland Newton,,,,,DOR-AC80C0,,AC80C0.jpg,AC80C0. Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/AC80C0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/239651.jpg
288763,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Incomplete late Bronze Age (1150-800BC) cast copper alloy socketed axe. Only the blade end and a short part of the body revealing the socket end survives. The breaks are extremely worn. The curved cutting  edge is worn, being almost flat in places. The socket end is rectangular, measuring 16.33mm wide, 3.30mm thick. The surviving section is trapezoid in plan and triangular in profile. Casting seams are visible on the edges. The  surviving section is 32.85mm long, 25.50mm wide increasing to 29.59mm wide across the blade, 8.25mm thick and  weighs 25.39 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-10-27T00:00:00Z,,,,25.39,,,,32.85,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Hatfield Heath,TL5216,From finder,51.821954,0.204033,ESS-AD0F92,,PB ESS-AD0F92.jpg,ESS-AD0F92 Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Colchester & Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/PB ESS-AD0F92.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/274568.jpg
288816,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-800,"A copper-alloy casting jet, waste associated with bronze casting. The object is a waste fragment from the top of the mould, where the alloy was poured into the mould. It is oval in shape, with two projecting lugs, where the molten metal ran down into the rest of the mould. It measures 33.58 mm long, 24.75 mm wide and is 28.87 mm long. It weighs 51.1 grams. As such casting jets are associated with the manufacture of many cast objects over a very long period of time they can be difficult to date, but given the shape and patina this example has been given a probable Bronze Age date (2150 - 800 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2010-12-16T00:00:00Z,,,,52.1,,,28.7,33.58,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Warwick,Hunningham,SP3867,From finder,52.299816,-1.444177,NARC-BD62D4,,sprue.jpg,Copper-alloy casting jet of probable Bronze Age date,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/sprue.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/239441.jpg
288817,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper alloy axe blade of Bronze Age date.

Only the blade edge remains, crescentic in shape with flaring tips. The axe was hollow.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,26.4,,,9.79,49.92,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Revesby,TF3161,From finder,53.130073,-0.043508,NCL-BD8031,,IMG_0098.jpg,Bronze Age axe blade,Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/IMG_0098.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/239516.jpg
289176,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age (1500-1150BC) cast copper alloy palstave fragment. Part of the central body survives with a flange to either side; the fragment is rectangular in plan with an 'H' shaped cross section. It is 26.98mm long, 28.84mm wide, 15.75mm thick and weighs 45.99 grams. There are worn breaks at both ends.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-11-24T00:00:00Z,,,,45.99,,,15.75,26.98,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Epping Forest,Matching,TL5211,From finder,51.777032,0.201843,ESS-EC59E6,,9 ESS-EC59E6.jpg,ESS-EC59E6 Bronze Age Palstave (fragment),Colchester & Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/9 ESS-EC59E6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/275505.jpg
289245,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-900,"An incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age (1450 - 900 BC) bronze socketed spearhead, missing its socket end and its tip. The edges are very damaged, some ancient and some recent (plough). It measures 83.50mm in length and weighs 36.05g.

The spearhead is max.20.73x10.62mm and min.13.42x7.08mm at either end. In cross-section, the central rib is diamond-shaped with the c.2mm thick blade extending from opposing points. At both breaks, the central rib is solid, suggesting the spearhead would have originally been quite long. It is uncertain if any part of the edge is original (ie.not damaged) which in turn makes it harder to date and attribute to a type.

The spearhead is coated in ?varnish.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2009-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,36.05,,,10.62,83.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kimpton,SU2645,From a paper map,51.203625,-1.62923,WILT-2BD9F2,,Robbins0210spearhead.jpg,Middle/ Late Bronze Age Spear,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Robbins0210spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/239910.jpg
289264,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy blade. A possible knife blade or razor. A short section of blade with a flat cross section at the top and a slightly lentoid section at the break. The edges are beveled. There is a deliberately flattened area on one edge and there is a notch in the edge below in. The edges are damaged and abraded.
 Peter Reavill suggests that it is likely to be from a sword or dirk blade, and that the deliberate straight edge to one face means it is possibly the  trapezoidal hilt of a Middle Bronze Age dirk (c. 1400 - 1000 BC.
Date: Middle to Late Bronze Age - c. 1400-800 BC 
Dimensions: 42.81 mm x 22.40 mm x 2.06 mm
Weight: 6.98 g",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,3.98,,,2.06,42.81,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Tarrant Hinton,,,,,DOR-3B9600,,3B9600.jpg,"3B9600, Bronze Age blade",Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/3B9600.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/240161.jpg
289675,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1120,-950,"Late Bronze Age bronze sword fragment from a sword of Wilburton Type (Burgess & Colquhoun, 1988, p 40) and of the corresponding Wilburton metalworking industry, equivalent to Needham's (1996) Period 6 dated to between 1150 and 950BC.



The sword fragment is represented by the base of the hilt and the very top of the blade (with a surviving length of 54.4mm and a weight of 77.5g). The hilt has broken across a rivet hole or the base of a slot, which has an hourglass perforation (of 2.9mm to 6mm diameter). The handle area has straight parallel sides for the short section surviving (with a width of 22.9mm and a thickness of 7.2mm). The divergent shoulders are straight and narrow towards the ricasso (to produce a shoulder width of 55.5mm). The ricasso is comparatively sharply curved and was likely to have been short, although the blade edge is not present on the fragment. The handle area and shoulders have slight flanges (with a thickness around the handle of 6.9mm and 3.7mm at the end of the shoulders). The shoulders have rivet slots (18 and 20mm long and 4.5mm wide). The top of the blade is of lenticular section (with a width of 36.0mm and a maximum thickness of 8.6mm). The top of the blade appears to have been broken by bending, which would have involved considerable force. The break at the hilt does not appear to have involved bending. The sword has a dark green to brown surface patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,77.5,,,,54.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,,,,,,,,,NMGW-7D0AC5,,2009.42.jpg,Sword,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2009.42.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/303201.jpg
289717,Dress Fastener (unknown),Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Copper alloy ring of uncertain date, possibly a Late Bronze Age dress-fastener The ring is near-complete, with minimal peripheral damage to one of the terminals (with an overall height of 47.8mm and a weight of 99.1g). The terminals are joined but there is a fracture between the two sides (giving the object an overall width of 76.9mm). The terminals are circular but are irregular (with a diameter of 40mm) and are angled upwards towards the midpoint. The underside of the terminals have a crescent-shaped bevel on the outer edges, elsewhere the underside is concave and appears unfinished from casting. At the centre of each terminal are raised stubs around a rectangular depression (5.3mm long by 1.3mm wide), presumably the remnants of where the jet was removed, although it remains uncertain why the casting left rectangular depressions. The upper faces of the terminals have a raised edge defined by an internal groove. The finished edge does not continue onto the inner side of the terminals. The faces are convex, growing deeper towards the hoop (with a thickness of 6mm). There is a semicircular moulding around the hoop on both terminals (19mm long, 15mm wide and 1mm deep). The hoop (with a maximum external width of 60.2mm and internal: 44.1mm wide by 29.7mm high) is of oval section and is widest and deeper near the terminals (at 14mm wide and 9mm deep) and narrows to the midpoint of the hoop (7mm wide and 7mm deep). There are no discernible wear facets around the hoop. The inner face of the hoop has a casting flaw near one terminal, resulting from an air bubble. The surface of the copper alloy is pitted with a mid-brown patina and a silvery sheen, probably because of tin leaching, leading to surface enrichment.","Analysis to ascertain the metallurgical composition of the bronze was attempted using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Readings were taken from the surface and initial results appear to have been effected by the tin leaching referred to above, resulting in very high tin readings. Unusually, there was no lead detected in the readings. The ring appears to be unfinished on the terminals and any identification is somewhat speculative. The form of the artefact closely resembles 'dress-fasteners', particularly if the terminals were finished and separated to form a penannular ring. Dress-fasteners are of Late Bronze Age date, generally associated with the Ewart Park and Llyn Fawr metalworking industry, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Periods 7 and 8, dated to c. 950-750BC and 750-450BC respectively. Dress-fasteners are of uncertain function, and are generally made of gold and recovered from Ireland and Scotland, with outliers from Yorkshire and Norfolk (Eogan 1994, p 98, fig 40) . Bronze examples are occasionally recovered, such as in the Mountrivers Hoard, County Cork, Ireland (Eogan, 1994, Plate XVI) and the Poolewe Hoard, Ross and Cromarty, Scotland (Schmidt & Burgess, plate 152) . If this bronze example can be identified as a Late Bronze Age dress-fastener, it would represent the first recorded example from Wales.",3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,99.1,,,,47.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Dymock,SO7031,,51.976649,-2.438166,NMGW-7ECFB8,,2009.66.JPG,Dress Fastener,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2009.66.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/306557.jpg
289782,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe of uncertain type and probably of Ewart Park metalworking tradition corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950 - 750BC



The socketed axe is fragmentary, represented by only a blade side fragment (with a surviving length of 41.3mm, a surviving width of 26.2mm and a weight of 42.7g). The base of the socket is present at the top of the fragment (where the axe has a surviving thickness of 13.4mm, the axe faces have a thickness of 5mm and the socket has a maximum width of 3.8mm and a surviving depth of 9.6mm). The axe side appears to flare outwards towards the mouth, although corrosion may have eroded the shape. The surviving side was likely to have been convex across its width or have had a hexagonal body profile. The faces of the fragment are straight and converge to the blade. The blade edge has been lost. The axe has a significant crack across one face and the side, which is likely to have occurred in antiquity. The broken side of the axe is patinated, suggesting that the axe was broken in antiquity. Areas of brown surface patina survive, elsewhere the fragment is pale green with a powdery surface.



Socketed axes occur in the Wilburton phase of the Late Bronze Age and continue to Llyn Fawr phase, however most recovered axes date to Ewart Park industry and the comparatively heavy weight suggests a high lead bronze alloy, which is a feature common in Ewart Park axes.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,42.7,,,,41.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,,,,Llanfair,,,,,NMGW-7FE7D1,,2009.52.1.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,PAS,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2009.52.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/275531.jpg
290435,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age (1150 - 800BC) socketed axe. The remaining fragment consists the crescent shaped tip of the cutting edge - it is triangular in section with a hollow rectangular socket.

The axe fragment retains only 37.16mm of its original length; the blade is 48.71mm wide (max) and it has a maximum thickness of 14.97mm. It weighs 75.8gms.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2010-02-03T00:00:00Z,,,,75.8,,,14.97,37.16,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Hampstead Norreys,SU5174,From a paper map,51.462683,-1.267272,BERK-13A051,,Crame BA axe.jpg,Hampstead Norreys: Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/Crame BA axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/241018.jpg
290521,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"Two fragments of a plano-convex bun ingot, probably of Late Bronze Age date.  Both pieces include a portion of the edge. They weigh 223g and 57g.






One fragment weighing 33g.






One roughly hemispherical fragment, probably a casting well, weighing 62g.",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,4,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Nutfield,TQ3047,From a paper map,51.207423,-0.140402,SUR-3E4973,,dkwnutfield2.jpg,Bronze Age: Metalworking debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/dkwnutfield2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/304545.jpg
290813,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1600,-1200,"Part of a very worn and corroded Middle Bronze Age palstave dating from 1600 BC – 1200BC. The middle part of the palstave survives, but is extremely worn. The stop ridge and flanges are just discernible. The haft tapers to away prematurely, and the blade end is thick and rounded. Clearly, all the extremities have corroded away, but even so, it was probably always quite a small example. The patina is orange brown and pitted, with some areas of bright green. It is 57.9mm long, 20.73mm wide and 10.07mm thick. It weighs 46.7g.",For more information about this site see the attached record: SWYOR-A9F048,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-11-23T00:00:00Z,,,,46.7,,,10.07,57.9,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Sykehouse,SE6517,From finder,53.64548,-1.018209,SWYOR-646D51,,PAS_794_palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_794_palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/241174.jpg
290893,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast bronze socketed chisel or gouge, dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1000-800BC). The chisel has a hollow body which has been cast in two pieces, with the cast lines still visible down either edge. The chisel has a thin flanged blade and a sub-circular socket that extends only 7.74mm down into the body - suggesting that this object has been reworked from a longer gouge. The chisel is in very good condition and has a nice even olive green patina.

The chisel is 51.74mm long with the blade measuring 21.92mm wide. The socket is 15.42mm in diameter and the object weighs 17.8gms.",It has been suggested that these small tools may have been used in leather working (Evans 1881).,3,,,,Metal detector,2010-02-12T00:00:00Z,,,,17.8,,15.42,,51.74,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,,,,,,,BERK-654397,,Benning BA chisel.jpg,Oxfordshire: Late Bronze Age chisel,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/Benning BA chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/241373.jpg
290896,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"A cast bronze palstave chisel with crescentic blade and a sunken shield-shaped hollow beneath the stop-ridge, visible on both faces. Casting lines are visible along both edges. The palstave measures 120.85mm long, and has a maximum thickness of 19.88mm. The blade is 33.87mm wide and the object weighs 158.9gms. There is some damage to the butt of the object.



This type of palstave, with the shield-shaped hollow beneath the stop-ridge, is characteristic of the Acton Park phase, dating from c. 1400 - 1200 BC. This appears to be the first palstave of this type from Oxfordshire to be recorded on the PAS database. Identical examples are illustrated by Rowlands (1976: plate 34, nos. 1099, 1097, 1129) described as chisels dating to the Middle Bronze Age.",,4,,,,Metal detector,2010-02-12T00:00:00Z,,,,158.9,,,19.88,120.85,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Northmoor,SP4102,From a paper map,51.715238,-1.407946,BERK-658DF1,,Benning palstave.jpg,Northmoor: Middle Bronze Age palstave,,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/Benning palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/241374.jpg
291557,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-750,"Middle to Late Bronze Age axe fragment, probably from a palstave and possibly dating from c.1300 - 750BC The palstave is represented by a blade fragment, broken before the stop and missing the blade edge (with a surviving length of 50.9mm and a weight of 102.1g). The palstave body is near sub-rectangular at the break (with a width of 25.2mm and a thickness of 16.1mm); the blade faces are convex across their widths and the sides are slightly divergent to the mid points. The casting seam is discernable on the sides. The sides expand slightly towards the blade although any blade tips have been lost (producing a surviving blade width of 34.4mm). The blade faces are flat or very slightly convex across their lengths and no decoration is evident of the fragment. The original surface of the palstave, comprising a dark green to brown patina, has largely been lost and the current surface is pale green with areas of active corrosion. The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The slender blade may suggest a palstave of Transitional or Late types. The high lead content of the bronze may reinforce a later date within the palstave range. Transitional and Late palstaves span Penard, Wilburton and Ewart Park metalworking phases, corresponding to the later part of Needham's (1996) Period 5 through to Period 7. It is therefore possible to suggest a date of c. 1300 - 750BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,102.1,,,16.1,50.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Llanrhidian Lower,,,,,NMGW-A49A05,,2009.56.1.jpg,Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2009.56.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/305459.jpg
291559,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-750,"Probable Bronze Age fragment, possibly from an axe The bronze object is fragmented and with all edges rounded, possibly through water-rolling (with a length of 15.9mm, a width of 34.8mm, a thickness of 7.8mm and a weight 16.8g). The condition of the object makes any identification speculative. The fragment is of sub-triangular section, resembling the blade of an axe. The sides are not present and the faces are flat. The blade edge has been lost and there no surviving evidence for a socket base. The fragment has a dark green surface patina. The general shape of the bronze may suggest a Bronze Age axe blade fragment. The metallurgical composition is consistent with a Bronze Age date.",,3,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,16.8,,,7.8,15.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Llanrhidian Higher,SS5393,From a paper map,51.616577,-4.124633,NMGW-A4AAA4,,2009.56.2.jpg,Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2009.56.2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/305461.jpg
291563,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1150,"Early to Middle Bronze Age bronze axe, probably either a Developed Flat axe or of Later Short-flanged type and of second millennia BC date.



The axe is incomplete missing the butt (with a surviving length of 59.2mm and a weight of 64.7g). The axe is of sub rectangular section and is comparatively slender and stout (with a width at the break of 18.0mm and a thickness of 8.8mm). The axe fragment reaches its thickest point (at 9.4mm), 36mm from the blade edge. The sides of the axe are straight and near parallel for the length of the blade. The casting seams are not discernible on the sides of the axes. The blade faces are plain and slightly convex, both across their lengths and widths. There are no flanges on the surviving blade faces. The blade width expands sharply at the position where the blade facet begins (13mm from the blade edge). The blade edge is now comparatively straight, turning at the edges and has lost the blade tips (with a surviving blade width of 28.1mm). The blade edge appears to have been blunted through impact. There is the suggestion of sharpening striations running perpendicular to the blade edge but these have been obscured by a varnish coating of the axe. One face of the axe has probable stress fractures near the break and also has two impact marks (both 6.6mm long and 1.5mm wide), presumably from a bladed tool, perhaps another axe. The other face has a casting flaw near the break. The axe has a pale to dark green surface patina and has a recent gloss coating.



The missing butt makes identification and typological dating difficult. It is unclear to what degree of finishing the axe has undergone and whether the blade and flanges were yet to be worked. The 'blocky' nature of the axe would appear to either suggest a Developed flat axe of Metalworking Assemblage IV - V or a Later Short-flanged type of Taunton - Penard metalworking. Its form can be paralleled with some Class 4 developed flat axes (following Needham forthcoming) which can be dated to Needham's (1996) Period 3 dated to c. 1950-1700BC. Alternatively, Later Short-flanged axes fall within Period 5, dated to c.1500-1150BC. The apparent non introduction of lead into the bronze alloy may suggest an earlier technology and lend weight to an identification of a developed flat axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,64.7,,,,59.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9878,,51.491714,-3.470589,NMGW-A4E598,,2009.59.jpg,Early - Middle Bronze Age axe,PAS,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2009.59.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/275527.jpg
291709,Barbed And Tanged Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"An apparently complete cast copper alloy barbed and tanged arrowhead, of Early Bronze Age date (2150 - 1500 BC).






The arrow has a deep brown patina typical of bronze artefacts of this date.  It was manufactured using a relatively simple casting technique. It is very worn and chipped around the edges. However, a raised midrib and bevelled edges are apparent. The body of the blades are slightly concave. The tang is sub-rectangular , tapering slightly towards the end, which could be a break rather than a deliberate end. It has relatively crude notches between the tang and barbs. The chipping and wearing on the edges and body indicate use wear rather than post-depositional damage, and so suggest a long period of use for this object. The style of the arrowhead copies flint barbed and tanged arrowheads of the period. Copper alloy arrowheads of this style and dates are rare in Britain. Other examples recorded on the PAS database can be found at SF-4014B0, WMID-CE6A76 and SF6680. All other examples are stray detector finds and consequently the accurate dating of the objects is problematic. However, Dr. Colin Pendleton (SCCAS) notes that there is no reason to doubt that these are contemporary with Early Bronze Age flint examples of similar form.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.72,,,2,43,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,,,,,,,NARC-F9B223,,sargent arrowhead.jpg,arrowhead,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/sargent arrowhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/276364.jpg
382687,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-900,"A fragment of Middle to Late Bronze Age (1450 - 900 BC) bronze socketed spearhead, consisting of part of the blade section. It measures 31.34x30.18x9.07mm and weighs 20.3g.


The central rib is prominent and circular in section at the narrower end (7.69mm), while at the other (wider) break it has been flattened off on both sides. The blade is triangular in section to either side of the rib, narrowing from c.3.6mm thick to c.1.5mm at the edge. In shape, the fragment is triangular with very angled edges, suggesting an angular- or flame-shaped head.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-11-26T00:00:00Z,2010-01-28T00:00:00Z,,,20.3,,,9.07,31.34,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Witham Friary,ST7441,From finder,51.16764713,-2.37324234,WILT-8E0680,,Crisp0310spear.jpg,Middle/ Late Bronze Age Spear,Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Crisp0310spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/273774.jpg
382721,Blade,Bronze Age,,,-1150,-800,"Bronze Age blade fragment; It is rectangular in plan with a shallow rectangular cross section tapering to a point on both edges. The fragment is 41.32mm long, 34.48mm wide, 3.50mm thick and weighs 22.70 grams",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-11-09T00:00:00Z,,,,22.7,,,3.5,41.32,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Fenland,Whittlesey,TL3298,From a paper map,52.563826,-0.054051,ESS-8FB2C3,,ESS-8FB2C3.jpg,ESS-8FB2C3 Bronze Age blade fragment,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-8FB2C3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/284713.jpg
382881,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
A section of a copper alloy sword blade of probable Late Bronze Age date. The blades are decorated with closely-spaced parallel ridges. One broken face shows evidence of a substantial casting flaw.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,48.79,,,8.52,50.64,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Wokingham,Wokingham,Finchampstead,SU7964,From a paper map,51.369575,-0.866521,SUR-B215D4,,B10.71.jpg,Bronze Age: Sword blade fragment,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B10.71.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/273901.jpg
383228,Axehead,Bronze Age,,,-1700,-1500,"A copper-alloy cast axehead  dating from the end of the early Bronze Age, from circa 1700 - 1500  BC. The axe suffers from wear and corrosion, but appears to be a  developed  flat axe, possibly of Type Bandon (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 31).  The poor level of preservation makes it difficult to ascertain whether  there was originally any decoration on the axe, so close identification  of the type is tentative.


The axe has low ridges running  along each lateral edge, becoming less pronounced towards the blade  and the butt. A low bevel is situated between these ridges, running  from the butt for 43.6 until a very low stop ridge runs across the face.   This stop ridge is not in the same place on both sides of the axe head,  occurring at 57.7 mm from the butt on one side. The axe has a crescent  shaped blade, 49.12 mm in width. The axe gradually flares in width from  20.2 mm at the base to 31.2 just before the blade. It is lozenge shaped  in profile and measures 103.36 mm in length. It is 3.7 mm thick at the  butt, 12.8 mm thick in its centre and 0.8 mm thick at the tip of the  blade.  It weighs 151.5 grams. It has a very dark green to black patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,15.17,,,12.8,103.36,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,"Lapley, Stretton and Wheaton Aston",,,,,NARC-0ACB77,,NARC-0ACB77 AXEHEAD.jpg,NARC-0ACB77 AXEHEAD,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-0ACB77 AXEHEAD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/274353.jpg
383300,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed spearhead of probable Middle Bronze Age date. The spearhead is badly damaged, missing its tip and much of its shaft. A crack runs down one side of what remains of the spearhead. The socket is oval in shape, but is bent due to the damage. The socket measures 12.45 mm long and 15.23 mm wide at the broken attachment end and approximately 10.7 mm in diameter at the broken tip end. Either side of the socket is a chamfered wing, emerging just after the break at the shaft end. The spearhead measures 41.55 mm long and is 27.41 mm at its widest point. It is 13.05 mm thick and weighs 18.0 grams. The surface has a dark green to black patina, heavily pitted in places. As the artefact is only a fragment it is difficult to discern whether there would orginally have been attachment loops further down the shaft, and so identification of a precise type is problematic.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,18,,,13.05,41.55,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Abbots Bromley,,,,,NARC-1B62F5,,NARC-1B62F5.jpg,NARC-1B62F5,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-1B62F5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/274417.jpg
383402,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,A large portion of a palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. The surface of the axe is eroded and pitted. Both blade and butt are now missing and there is no indication the axe had a side loop. The septum between the two sides of the socket is 6.5mm wide and below the stop ridge is a shallow hollow on both sides. The damage to the blade is of uncertain origin. The broken edges have flat facets and there is a symmetrical appearance to the break - possibly caused by deliberate chopping.,,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2006-06-30T23:00:00Z,2006-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,197,,,18.13,106.52,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Wokingham,Wokingham,Barkham,SU7866,From a paper map,51.387693,-0.880445,SUR-202CF3,,DSCN7742.JPG,Middel Bronze Age: Palstave axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN7742.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/274510.jpg
383542,Spear,Bronze Age,,,-1500,-1150,"
A cast copper-alloy side-looped spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date.


The spearhead is incomplete, consisting of only the socket with basal loops and the base of a leaf-shaped blade, which is lozenge shaped in section.


Generally and even brown patina, but with some pitting suffering from corrosion.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,74,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Belsay,NZ0677,From a paper map,55.087404,-1.907539,NCL-325BE1,,Johnson spearhead.jpg,Bronze Age side-looped spearhead,Museum of Antiquities,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/Johnson spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/274581.jpg
383897,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"
A fragment of a socketed axe of late Bronze Age date. The fragment comprises the rounded rim and part of the body of the axe. On the body is a group of prominent vertically set ribs.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.23,,,,,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Twyford,SU4825,Recorded at a rally,51.022376,-1.317005,SUR-85A1A1,,aidan MacHale axe.jpg,Bronze Age: Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/aidan MacHale axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/275016.jpg
384527,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead, 1500-800 BC. The find consists of the body and blade of a socketed axehead: the moulding around the mouth of the axehead has broken off, and therefore cannot be used to date the artefact more closely. The mouth is sub-rectangular and measures 24.66mm wide and 15.55mm thick externally. The total remaining socket depth is approximately 29.15mm. The body of the axehead widens gradually, and has smooth faces and sides, with no prominent face edges or casting seams. The blade width is 37.55mm and there is no blade tip expansion beyond this. The cutting edge has not been bevelled. The axehead is in good condition, and has a uniform pale olive green patina.






Dimensions: length: 62.63mm; width: 37.55mm; thickness: 15.55mm; weight: 94.42g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-13T00:00:00Z,,,,94.42,,,15.55,62.63,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,South East,Kent,Dover,Capel-le-Ferne,TR2439,From finder,51.106508,1.198475,LON-EFD761,,Preece - BA axe - Mar 10.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead,Museum of London,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/Preece - BA axe - Mar 10.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/300943.jpg
384661,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1050,-800,A Late Bronze Age type copper alloy awl.  The object is 43mm long and is rounded at one end and tapers at the other end. It dates to 1050-800BC.,"
Not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,43,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-F3D575,,021-A0001.jpg,A late Bronze Age type awl,Finder,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-A0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/278094.jpg
384665,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1050,-800,A Late Bronze Age type copper alloy awl.  The object is 43mm long. it has one rounded end and one pointed end. Dated to 1050-800BC,"
Not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,45,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-F3EBA3,,021-A0002.jpg,A Late Bronze Age type awl,Finder,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-A0002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/278095.jpg
385120,Axe,Bronze Age,,,-1150,-800,"A broken copper-alloy fragment from a late Bronze Age socketed axehead. The fragment suffers from copper corrosion and much of the original surface has deteriorated. Where the surface remains it had a dark green patina, elsewhere it is bright green with corrosion. At the broken end there is a hollow sub-rectangular recess, 28.61 mm long and 8.73 mm wide. The remains of the axe head measure 25.1 mm from the broken edge to the tip of the blade, and 44.03 mm across. The fragment tapers from 14.6 mm at the break to 3.67 mm at the blade tip. The blade is worn and very blunt. The artefact weighs 42.6 grams. The fragment dates from around 1150 to 800 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,42.6,,,14.6,25.1,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Fazeley,SK1702,From finder,52.61551,-1.750352,NARC-4875E8,,NARC-4875E8.jpg,NARC-4875E8,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/NARC-4875E8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/276315.jpg
385174,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,Fragment of cast copper alloy object. Possible Late Bronze Age axehead rim. 17mm long,"
Not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,17,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-49B2C4,,021-A0094.jpg,?Bronze Age axe fragment,Finder,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-A0094.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279251.jpg
385280,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1050,-800,Undated copper alloy object. This is possibly an awl. It is  31mm long but may be missing one end. It is circular in section and tapers and becomes flat sided at one end. Dated to 1050-800BC.,"
Not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,31,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-599881,,021-A0120.jpg,"possible Bronze Age awl, ?1050-800BC",Copyright retained by illustrator,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-A0120.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/281352.jpg
385282,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1050,-800,Undated copper alloy object. This is possibly an awl. It is rectangular in section and tapers and  becomes flat sided at one end. The other end may be broken. Dated to ?1050-800BC. 24mm long,"
Not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,24,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-59A028,,021-A0121.jpg,"possible Bronze Age awl, ?1050-800BC",Finder,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-A0121.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/281364.jpg
385332,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2250,410,Fragment of cast copper alloy sheet . It has a 'Bronze-Age' patina but could equally be Iron Age or Roman. 22mm long,"
Not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,22,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-5C3F73,,021-A0133.jpg,Undated copper alloy sheet fragment,Finder,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-A0133.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/281490.jpg
385335,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,410,A fragment of cast copper alloy. Possibly part of a Late Bronze Age sword blade. The fragment is expanded lentoid shape in section. The sides are very abraded.18mm long. Late Bronze Age to Roman in date.,"
Not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,18,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-5C5286,,021-A0134.jpg,Possible Bronze Age sword fragment,Finder,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-A0134.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/281563.jpg
385801,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Copper alloy ingot, probably Late Bronze Age (1150-800BC) but possibly later. This is a fragment of something larger. It is flat-bottomed and has a rounded upper surface. Length 52mm","
Not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,52,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-879C26,,021-A0225.jpg,?Bronze Age ingot,Finder,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-A0225.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/282874.jpg
385868,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"An incomplete cast copper alloy axe. The blade portion of the axe  remains with the broken edge traversing the axe. The blade cutting edge  is almost symmetrical and is rounded and blunt. In section, from the break to the blade  the section is an elongated triangle. The break is not recent as the  patina on the break matches that on the surface of the axe. The surface  of the axe is abraded and pitted. The axe weighs 79.5g. From the cutting edge to the  broken edge it measures 34.28mm; across the blade, from tip to tip, it  measures 65.53mm wide; across the break it is 8.26mm thick.


The whether the axe was originally a socketed axe or flat axe is not  known for certain but the size may suggest it is more likely to be a flat axe dating to the early Bronze Age; 2,150 – 1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-02-22T00:00:00Z,,,79.5,,,8.26,34.28,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Tanworth-in-Arden,SP1469,,52.31892712,-1.79603421,WAW-A10616,,WAW-A10616.jpg,WAW-A10616,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-A10616.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/277042.jpg
386355,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-700,"Tip from a Bronze Age spearhead, 33mm long, 15mm wide and 5mm thick and weighing 6.5g. The object is in good condition with a brown patina and a number of longitudinal scratches apparently from use.The broken face is patinated and lozenge-shaped in section.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-04-05T23:00:00Z,,,,6.5,,,5,33,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Kirby Bellars,SK7116,GPS (from the finder),52.73698059,-0.94987459,LEIC-E03A83,,CAD2103c.jpg,CAD2103c,Dr Phil Harding,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD2103c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/277373.jpg
386378,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,Probable late Bronze Age cast copper alloy ingot fragment. Dated 1150-800 BC. Weight 200g. Length 46mm.,"
Not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-03-03T00:00:00Z,,,,200,,,,46,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,GPS (from the finder),51.783213,0.347132,ESS-EB9053,,021-A0333.jpg,?Bronze Age ingot,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-A0333.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/283849.jpg
386910,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,-700,"
A blade fragment from a narrow socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. Little of the original surface survives. The fragment includes the base of the internal socket.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Chance find during metal detecting,2010-03-06T00:00:00Z,,,,32.06,,,12.95,30.32,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Nutfield,TQ3046,From a paper map,51.198435,-0.140764,-SUR 448765.00,,10.299.JPG,Late bronze age: Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/10.299.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/278007.jpg
387114,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy axehead. Socketed and looped type body section. Weight 16.08g. Length 28mm.,"Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The other pieces of the hoard are on the database under the following record nos:


ESS-59C3C3


ESS-59F861


ESS-5A0122


ESS-5A2588",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.08,,,,28,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-59AE53,,021-BAG1-0001.jpg,axehead,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG1-0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279321.jpg
387117,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy axehead. Socketed (?and looped) type body section. 20.61g. 35mm,"Not seen by FLO




Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure. The other items that form part of this hoard are:


ESS-59AE53


ESS-59F861


ESS-5A0122


ESS-5A2588",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.16,,,,35,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-59C3C3,,021-BAG1-0002.jpg,axehead,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG1-0002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279319.jpg
387122,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy axehead. Socketed (?and looped) type body section. Weight 15.28g. Length 25mm,"Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure. 


The other pieces forming part of this hoard are:


ESS-59AE53


ESS-59C3C3
ESS-5A0122


ESS-5A2588",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.28,,,,25,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-59F861,,021-BAG1-0003.jpg,axehead,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG1-0003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279316.jpg
387124,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy axehead. Socketed (?and looped) type body section. Weight 4.98g. Length 18mm.,"Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The other pieces forming part of this hoard are:


ESS-59AE53


ESS-59C3C3


ESS-59F861


ESS-5A2588",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.98,,,,18,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,From finder,51.783213,0.347132,ESS-5A0122,,021-BAG1-0004.jpg,socketed axehead,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG1-0004.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279314.jpg
387132,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy axehead. Blade fragment. Weight 5.27g. Length 30mm,"Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The other items forming part of this hoard are:


ESS-5A0122


ESS-59F861


ESS-59C3C3


ESS-59AE53",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.27,,,,30,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6212,GPS (from the finder),51.783213,0.347132,ESS-5A2588,,021-BAG1-0005.jpg,axehead,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG1-0005.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279311.jpg
387137,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy scabbard chape fragment. Weight 16.78. Length 33mm,"Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.



The thirteen other items included in this hoard are listed below:







			
			

		



			
ESS-5A60B8

			

		



			
ESS-5ABE05

			

		



			
ESS- 5AD352

			

		



			
ESS-5AE1E6

			

		



			
ESS-5AEC30

			

		



			
ESS-5AF7D0

			

		



			
ESS-5B0194

			

		



			
ESS-5B0EB2

			

		



			
ESS-5B1781

			

		



			
ESS-5B3DF4

			

		



			
ESS-5B4D54

			

		



			
ESS-5B5B44

			

		



			
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.78,,,,33,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,GPS (from the finder),51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5A3CD3,,021-BAG02-0001.jpg,scabbard chape,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279308.jpg
387142,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy socketed axehead. Fragment of the  body only. Weight 3.51g. Length 23mm,"Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in this hoard are listed below:





ESS-5A3CD3

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.51,,,,23,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,From finder,51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5A60B8,,021-BAG02-0002.jpg,socketed axehead,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279307.jpg
387153,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy socketed axehead. Fragment of the  body only. Weight 4.26g. 24mm,"Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            



            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.26,,,,24,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,From finder,51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5ABE05,,021-BAG02-0003.jpg,socketed axehead,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279305.jpg
387156,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy ingot fragment. Weight 145g.  Length 41mm,"Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            



            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,145,,,,41,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,From finder,51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5AD352,,021-BAG02-0004.jpg,ingot,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0004.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279302.jpg
387158,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy ingot fragment. Weight 140g, Length 52mm","Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        


 

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,140,,,,52,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,From finder,51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5AE1E6,,021-BAG02-0005.jpg,ingot,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0005.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279297.jpg
387160,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy ingot fragment. Weight 130g. Length 48mm,"Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            



            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,130,,,,48,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,From finder,51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5AEC30,,021-BAG02-0006.jpg,ingot,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0006.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279296.jpg
387162,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy ingot fragment. Weight 63.92g, Length 35mm","Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            



            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,63.92,,,,35,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,From finder,51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5AF7D0,,021-BAG02-0007.jpg,ingot,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0007.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279295.jpg
387164,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy ingot fragment. Weight 30.38g, length 36mm","Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            



            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.38,,,,36,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,From finder,51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5B0194,,021-BAG02-0008.jpg,ingot,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0008.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279293.jpg
387166,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy ingot fragment. Weight 42g, Length 29mm","Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            



            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42,,,,29,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,From finder,51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5B0EB2,,021-BAG02-0009.jpg,ingot,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0009.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279292.jpg
387168,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy ingot fragment. Weight 14.07g, Length 25mm.","Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            



            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.07,,,,25,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,From finder,51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5B1781,,021-BAG02-0010.jpg,ingot,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0010.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279290.jpg
387171,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy casting wast. Weight 19.06g, length 32mm.","Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure. However this is possibly not contemporary with the rest of the hoard.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            



            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.06,,,,32,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,From finder,51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5B3DF4,,021-BAG02-0011.jpg,casting waste,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0011.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279289.jpg
387173,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy ingot fragment. Weight 70.60g, Length 32mm","Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            



            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44

            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,70.6,,,,32,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,GPS (from the finder),51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5B4D54,,021-BAG02-0012.jpg,Ingot,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0012.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279288.jpg
387176,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy ingot fragment. Weight 59.82g, Length 37mm","The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            



            

        



            
ESS-5B73C3

            

        



Not seen by FLO


Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,59.82,,,,37,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,GPS (from the finder),51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5B5B44,,021-BAG2-00013.jpg,Ingot,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG2-00013.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279286.jpg
387178,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,Bronze Age cast copper alloy rim fragment of a socketed axehead. Weight 4.08g. Length 23mm,"Not seen by FLO



Part of a dispersed hoard found prior to the 2003 amendment to the Treasure Act, therefore does not qualify as treasure.


The thirteen other items included in the hoard are listed below:






            
ESS-5A3CD3

            

        



            
ESS-5A60B8

            

        



            
ESS-5ABE05

            

        



            
ESS- 5AD352

            

        



            
ESS-5AE1E6

            

        



            
ESS-5AEC30

            

        



            
ESS-5AF7D0

            

        



            
ESS-5B0194

            

        



            
ESS-5B0EB2

            

        



            
ESS-5B1781

            

        



            
ESS-5B3DF4

            

        



            
ESS-5B4D54

            

        



            
ESS-5B5B44",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.08,,,,23,1,Kate Orr,Kate Orr,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Good Easter,TL6213,GPS (from the finder),51.792196,0.347599,ESS-5B73C3,,021-BAG02-0014.jpg,Axehead,Finder,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/korr/021-BAG02-0014.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279285.jpg
387225,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete late Bronze Age copper alloy pin dating c. 1000-800BC. The pin has a globular head with radiating vertical incised lines. The shaft of the pin has a circular cross-section and only slightly tapers to one end. This end is rough and has the appearance of a break. Midway down the shaft is a collar with a perforation through it. The upper section of the pin, between the globular head and perforated collar, is completely covered in engraved decoration. The pattern comprises a band of rings around the shaft then a section of rows of diagonal lines extending along the length of the pin; then a section of four repeating patterns of herringbone motifs with a linear border. This complete pattern is repeated along the length of the pin stopping below the perforated collar, leaving the final remaining third of the pin undecorated. There appears to be some evidence of wear around the perforation on the collar. The collar is also decorated with the same technique as the rest of the pin; the pattern here comprises a double saltire cross on each site of the collar. The copper alloy has a dark green patina.



Dimensions: diameter of globular head: 14.51mm; diameter of shaft: 6.28mm tapering to: 4.66mm; length: 197mm; weight: 52.01g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-04-09T23:00:00Z,,,,52.01,,14.51,,197,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,South East,Kent,Sevenoaks,Crockenhill and Well Hill,TQ5064,From finder,51.35527819,0.15283182,LON-6A4DF5,,Robson - IA pin - Apr 10.jpg,An incomplete late Bronze Age copper alloy pin dating c. 1000-800BC.,Museum of London,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/paitesb123/Robson - IA pin - Apr 10.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/468130.jpg
387428,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,,,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age (circa 1150-800 BC) cast copper alloy socketed axe fragment. The axehead is sub rectangular expanding at the blade, measuring 28.5mm wide, 10.87mm thick expanding to 36.26mm wide at the blade. The socket is rectangular, with worn breaks around the body, with the main body and mouth missing. The surviving section is sub-rectangular in profile, tapering towards the blade; there are visible casting seams visible on both edges. It has an even dark green patina across its whole surface. The fragment is 51.13mm long. The wall of the socket is 2.5mm thick. It weighs 47.03g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-29T23:00:00Z,,,,47.03,,,,51.13,1,Michael Marshall,Michael Marshall,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Little Canfield,TL5821,From finder,51.865209,0.293298,ESS-6F6985,,6157 b.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axe,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mdlmarshall/6157 b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/278542.jpg
387448,Chisel,Bronze Age,,,,,"Bronze Age chisel. Small chisel with flanged and flattened end and square section butt end; rectangular profile to hafted end. See PAS Annual Report 2006, p31 for similar artefact.","Recorded at Fabulous Finds Day, Exeter Guildhall, April 2010


Photo ref 442/443",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,24.31,,,8.8,51.3,1,Anna Tyacke,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,Teignbridge,Newton Abbot,SX8373,From a paper map,50.54502537,-3.65264594,DEV-6FF9E5,,DEV-6FF9E5 bronze age chisel.jpg,DEV-6FF9E5 bronze age chisel,Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV-6FF9E5 bronze age chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/278777.jpg
388023,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-200,"A cast copper-alloy moustache-shaped object, believed to be a sword-scabbard chape of a type first made circa 1000 BC in the late Bronze Age. The centre is constricted and plain, and has a deep sub-circular recess on the inside of the curve. On each 'wing', there are incised grooves running lengthwise for a little under half the total length. The ends are plain and taper to slender blunt points, one of which has lost its tip. A comparable scabbard chape can be found illustrated in Smith (1925, 75; fig. 67).","These objects, of which only a few are known from Britain, are all distinctly moustache shaped, but some are of more 'droopy' appearance than others. (Ack: Rod Blunt UKDFD Validator)



A recent piece analysing these enigmatic objects was published by Barry Marsden in the April 2003 edition of 'Treasure Hunting' (pp. 31-35).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-10-10T23:00:00Z,,,,24,4.23,,14.58,20.07,1,Martin Reed,Martin Reed,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Drayton,SU4594,From finder,51.64300721,-1.35107986,PUBLIC-E9E1C5,,Winged Scabbard Chape (3).JPG,PUBLIC-E9E1C5: Bronze Age Sword Scabbard Chape (bottom) possibly,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/Whoobub/Winged Scabbard Chape (3).JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/279646.jpg
389198,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2000,410,"
An irregular piece of copper alloy, possibly a casting jet. The object is roughly oval in plan and plano-convex in cross-section with a small irregular 'stud' projecting from the domed side. These two studs are reminiscant of casting sprues.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.33,,,11,23,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Lissington,TF0983,From a paper map,53.332694,-0.364647,LIN-97C2B1,,LIN9144.jpg,Casting waste,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN9144.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/280490.jpg
389412,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"Late Bronze Age socketed chisel from the Ewart Park metal phase, dating c. 1050-800BC.  The socket is rectangular with a slightly raised moulding around the mouth; there is a worn break at the mouth end, removing approximately half of the mouth. The body is trapezoid in plan, tapering in with towards the blade end before curving out slightly then extending into a square blade with a slightly rounded cutting edge. The chisel is triangular in profile and casting seams are visible along both edges. The chisel is 98.91mm long, and the body measures 30.60mm wide 28.96mm thick across the mouth tapering to 26.52mm wide by 15.60mm thick. The blade end is 36.82mm wide. It weighs 169.12 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-29T23:00:00Z,,,,169.12,,,,98.91,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Hatfield Broad Oak,TL5516,From finder,51.82113,0.247525,ESS-AB4501,,ESS-AB4501 smyth.jpg,ESS-AB4501 Bronze Age socketed chisel,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-AB4501 smyth.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/280786.jpg
390295,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Early Bronze Age (2150BC-1500BC) cast copper alloy flat axe. The axe has a rectangular body which flares out at the blade end, resulting in concave sides with a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is extremely damaged, making it irregularly shaped. In profile, the axe is an elongated lozenge shape, the thickest point being at a slightly raised stop ride. Most of the original surface of the axe has been removed, leaving a pitted surface. Where the original surface survives, it has a dark green patina.











It is 65.95mm long, 17.56mm wide and 3.18mm thick at the butt end, 18.68mm wide 9.62mm thick at the stop ridge and 29.67mm wide 4.30mm thick at the blade. It weighs 66.14 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,,66.14,,,,65.95,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Langham,TM0232,,51.949799,0.937965,ESS-24B636,,ESS-24B636.jpg,ESS-24B636 Bronze Age Flat Axe,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-24B636.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/283390.jpg
390411,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age axehead (1150-800 BC). The surviving fragment consists of the tip of the blade (which is slightly flanged), and part of the socket. The cutting edge of the axe is quite sharp and shows little sign of wear, suggesting that it was not in use for very long before it was broken. Although ritually broken axeheads and other Bronze Age objects are known, it is not possible to ascertain whether this example has been deliberately broken or not.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-04-03T23:00:00Z,,,,32.2,,,10.42,24.95,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Savernake,SU2266,Centred on parish,51.392616,-1.685195,BERK-27C154,,LovegroveAxetip.jpg,Bronze Age axe: Axehead fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/LovegroveAxetip.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/282592.jpg
390496,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead fragment, 26mm long, 13mm wide and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 7.61g. It consists of a circular-sectioned shaft which tapers slightly and has a blade emerging from each side. These and the tip are damaged, so the full shape cannot be identified. The object is probably part of a leaf shaped spearhead, dating to the Penard and Ewart Park phases (Middle to Late Bronze Age).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.61,,,6,26,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Lowick,SP9780,Centred on parish,52.409415,-0.575432,LEIC-29F110,,29F110.JPG,Bronze age leaf shaped spearhead fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/29F110.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/281717.jpg
390581,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A cast copper-alloy fragment from a probable late Bronze Age sword. The fragment is pointed oval in section and tapers very slightly in plan from 29.17 mm to 28.8 mm. It is 6.48 mm thick and measures 28.06 mm long. It weighs The patina on the break at each end suggests that this break is ancient. The surface has a dark green patina, pitted to a paler green in places.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-02-01T00:00:00Z,2010-02-28T00:00:00Z,,,25.3,,,6.48,28.06,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Worfield,SO7393,From a paper map,52.534189,-2.399471,WMID-3A9B02,,WMID-3A9B02.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy sword fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-3A9B02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/281838.jpg
390633,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A damaged probable cast copper-alloy knife of Late Bronze Age date. The object has a gradually tapering triangular blade with a central midrib on both faces. The tang is thicker and rectangular in cross-section. Between the two is a curve out to a highly abraded side protrusion that may have been perforated to take rivets. The blade has been bent at an angle of around forty-five degrees around halfway along and upwards again at the tip. The sides and the terminals have suffered abrasion in addition. The metal has corroded to a dark red-brown colour with mid-green metal below this patina. This piece is somewhat longer than an example illustrated in Moore and Rowlands (1972, 66/Plate XVI; ref. 89).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,34.7,,,3.65,153.7,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Andover,SU3845,From a paper map,51.202955,-1.457474,HAMP-3EC3C6,,HAMP-3EC3C6knifeblade.jpg,Late Bronze Age knife (probable),Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-3EC3C6knifeblade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/281918.jpg
390827,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"
A tapering rectangular-section copper alloy bar which thickens in the centre. Both ends are now missing.
","
This may just possibly be an awl of Bronze Age date.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.81,,,4.26,40.36,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Baydon,SU2779,From finder,51.509289,-1.612346,SUR-54CE43,,10.413.jpg,Bronze Age: Possible awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/10.413.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/282438.jpg
391614,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1400,"
Cast copper alloy palstave axehead. This has a large steeply curved crescent shaped blade that may have been re-sharpened in antiquity. The blade thickens to a wide septum that has a concave depression before (on the blade side). The flanges are high and run almost the whole length of the rear half, the butt is flat
","
This record was made from an emailed image.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-05-07T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,163,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Churchill,ST4660,From finder,51.336513,-2.776553,GLO-E7BBF5,,axe3b.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave axe head,Bristol City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/axe3b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/282860.jpg
391617,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-1800,"Cast copper alloy socketed axehead. The mouth of the socket is sub-rectangular in shape this has a moulded collar running around its circumference on the outside with the side loop beginning just below the moulding. Running down either side is casting flash. The main shaft of the axe is rectangular in cross section. The blade, which is crescent shaped, expands out from the main body of the axe. There are two pronounced moulded ridges that run down from the socket to the blade. 

1200-800BC","
This record was made from an emailed image.


Dr Kevin Leahy comments:


This is a most unusual socketed axe as it is the first one that I have seen that shows any sign of being truncated by wear/shapening. Most socketed axes retain their proportions.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-05-07T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,61,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Bath and North East Somerset,Bath and North East Somerset,Charlcombe,ST7468,From finder,51.41042026,-2.37521703,GLO-E7DB52,,axe1b.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe head,Bristol City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/axe1b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/282859.jpg
391756,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Middle Bronze Age bronze palstave, of Group II: Early Midribbed type, possibly of Type Liswerry (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 125-128)[1].



The palstave is unlooped and is complete (with a length of 148.3mm and a weight of 346.2g). The butt is rounded at the corners and the sides diverge slightly (with a width at the butt of 17mm) to the start of the flanges. The flanges begin 23mm from the butt and rise to a maximum height (of 30.3mm) before the stop. The sides are straight and parallel (with a width of 25.1mm) until the blade, where the sides are concave and divergent. The casting seams are evident on both sides and appear to be raised on the sides of the blade. The blade tips are slightly eroded (producing a blade width of 54.6mm) and the blade edge has an expanded blade edge. The septum is gently concave (with a maximum depth of 12mm, a width of 17mm and a length of 64mm). The stops are slightly rounded and there is a casting flaw between the stop and septum on one face. The stops are raised above the blade faces (with a height of 8mm and an overall depth of 29.2mm). The blade faces are decorated with a prominent and comparatively short mid-rib (33m long). The blade faces are slightly raised at the sides, suggesting short side ribs. A blade facet is discernible (13m from the blade edge). Remnant traces of the original surface survive, mostly on the septum and within the flanges with a dark green to black patina; elsewhere the surface is pitted and is pale green.



The palstave has a narrow body similar to Type Liswerry, although the flange extensions are comparatively short, similar to Type Chepstow. The dating of Group II palstaves corresponds to the ActonPark metalworking industry, equating to Needham's (1996)[2] Period 5, dated to 1,500 - 1,150BC.





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-05-12T23:00:00Z,,,,346.2,,,,148.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llantwit Fardre,ST0983,,51.538539,-3.313486,NMGW-FAACD2,,palstave.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/319151.jpg
391840,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"Cast copper alloy socketed axehead. The mouth of the socket is sub-rectangular in shape this has a moulded collar running around its circumference on the outside with the side loop beginning just below the moulding. Running down either side is casting flash. The main shaft of the axe is rectangular in cross section, with three pronounced moulded ridges that run down from the socket and converge just above the blade to form a V-shape. The blade is crescent shaped.











The casting of this axe is extremely poor, this combined with poor quality metal has resulted in heavy pitting over the whole artefact. This pitting would have occurred during the manufacturing process and would most likely be the result of bubbles forming in the mould during casting.  Considering the poor quality of the metal and it's weaken state due to poor casting, it is unlikely this axe was used as a tool, but instead may have been used ritualistically.











1200-800BC","
Lower Claverham Rally find
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,Lower Claverham Rally,,,,29.1,69.24,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Yatton,ST4467,From finder,51.399254,-2.806365,GLO-FD1266,,3391 Late Bronze Age axehead.jpg,Late Bronze Age axehead,Bristol City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/3391 Late Bronze Age axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/283073.jpg
392204,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Lower part of a cast cu-alloy socketed axe, probably of a Irish bag-shaped axe, dating from the Later Bronze Age, i.e. c.1000-800BC. Only the main body and blade of the axe remain: the mouth and loop are missing. The mouth would have been rectangular with one small loop at the side. The main body of the axe is undecorated, and the axe looks well worn and resharpened. The casting seams at the sides were flatted and smoothed. Irish or bag-shaped axes are one type of Late Bronze Age socketed axes: they are quite short/stumpy and are seldom decorated with ribs or a more elaborate pattern.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-02-26T00:00:00Z,,,,100.05,,,21,55,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Cumbria,Eden,Greystoke,NY4536,From a paper map,54.715982,-2.855283,LANCUM-552632,,LVMDSG552632.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/LVMDSG552632.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/287767.jpg
392435,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
A probable element from a tip of a Bronze Age cast copper-alloy spearhead. The fragment is now sub-trapezoidal in plan, with breaks at both ends, and broadly lozengiform in cross-section, with flattened side flanges. Both edges have been abraded. The metal has a variable dark-green patina with some pitting and small patches of lighter corrosion product. Unfortunately with so much of the artefact missing, it is very difficult to tell the phase of the Middle/Late Bronze Age to which it belongs.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-11-01T00:00:00Z,2009-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,1.41,,,5,11.4,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Exton,SU5921,From a paper map,50.985389,-1.160836,HAMP-7AFF84,,HAMP-7AFF84speartip.jpg,Bronze Age spear tip,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-7AFF84speartip.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/286796.jpg
392440,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-1500,"
Copper alloy undeveloped flat axehead from the late early bronze age. The objects has one squared end with rounded corners while the opposite end is completely curved and forms the blade portion of the axehead.











In good condition, although surface is very pitted and there are a number of small pieces that have broken off, particularly around the squared end. Very symmetrical in shape.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,55.2,,,9.29,48.28,1,Mallory Albert,Mallory Albert,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Edlingham,NU1109,,55.374864,-1.827973,NCL-7B3D97,,smallIMG_1950.jpg,Axehead,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/malbert/smallIMG_1950.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/284043.jpg
392853,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Late bronze age dirk hilt fragment measures 42.72mm long, 38.20mm in width, 2.05mm thick and weighs 13.1g. This fragment forms the flared end to the hilt and has been separated from the rest of the hilt, leaving a slightly curved break point at the end of the non-flared shaft. The surface is dark green in color and is pitted. The curved edge of the flared end has two sections that are missing due to breakage.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.1,,,2.05,42.72,1,Mallory Albert,Mallory Albert,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Warkworth,NU2507,From a paper map,55.356383,-1.60724,NCL-E1C785,,Photoshopped IMG_1942.jpg,Bronze Age Dirk Handle Fragment ,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/malbert/Photoshopped IMG_1942.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/284169.jpg
392924,Razor,Bronze Age,,,-1150,-800,"Bronze Age razor. 1150-800 BC.











A copper-alloy leaf-shaped tanged razor dating from the early part of the Late Bronze Age. It is very worn and little remains of the actual blade. The leaf-shaped/pointed-oval blade is double-edged and has lost its point in antiquity. It is of thin section and has three longitudinal ridges at the centre. These ridges extend upwards into the tang, which is of thin rectangular section and tapers towards the top.











For similar examples on the PAS database, see WAW-878535, NCL-E94708, HAMP-E0D391 and NLM-EF1AB4.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.91,,,1,43,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Godshill,,,,,NARC-E52F71,,NARC-E52F71 razorb.jpg,bronze age razor,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-E52F71 razorb.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/284291.jpg
393209,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Unidentified object, probably dating from the Late Bronze Age c. 1000-800 BC. The object is broken in two large fragments and some small pieces are missing. Other than that, it appear complete. It has a long, narrow and slightly tapered tube with transverse linear groove decoration and with a blunted point at one end, and an open dome at the opposite end. This object is in two fragments and seems to have been broken off where the tube was perforated by a slit or hole. There is another small hole on the tube just underneath the round open end. Unfortunately, even though the object is complete, we do not its function. It is very likely that it was part of ta kit of Late Bronze Age feasting equipment, i.e. may have been part of a flesh hook or flesh fork. Dimensions: length: 79mm, width: 20mm, thickness: 0.5mm and weight: 13.85g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-11-01T00:00:00Z,2010-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,13.85,,,0.5,79,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Morecambe,SD4664,From a paper map,54.06909,-2.826648,LANCUM-0CA9F6,,LVMDMH0CA9F6.jpg,Late Bronze Age unidentified object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/LVMDMH0CA9F6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/284895.jpg
393262,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy sword dating from the Late Bronze Age, i.e. ca. 1000-800BC. Only the lower part of the blade and tip remain. The surface is smooth and the edge of the sword bevelled. There is a very slightly ridge along the centre of the blade and the cross-section is a rounded diamond-shape. The sword probably belonged to the Ewart Park metalwork assemblage or possibly the earlier Wilburton metalwork assemblage, but it is impossible to date it any more closely without the hilt present. Dimensions: lenght: 177mm, width: 34mm, thickness: 4mm and weight: 128.71g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-11-01T00:00:00Z,2010-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,128.71,,,4,177,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,,SD4865,From a paper map,54.078283,-2.796262,LANCUM-0FD0F6,,LVMDMH0FD0F6.jpg,Blade fragment of Ewart Park Type sword,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/LVMDMH0FD0F6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/312974.jpg
393546,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"Two parts of the same palstave axe, middle Bronze Age in date, circa 1500-1200 BC. The axe is broken in two approximately half way down its length and part of the butt is also missing. The blade is worn and damaged and the surface of the axe is also worn and pitted in places. It has a brown patina with green bronze corrosion in places. Together, the two fragments measure 101.40 mm in length. The axe widens from 22.5 mm at the butt end (ignoring the break) to 39.6 mm at the blade end. The axe has a septum for attachment of a haft and this is 17.15 mm wide. The septum terminates in a stop ridge, before the blade of the axe begins. There is no evidence that the axe ever had an attachment loop. Based on the rough surface at the break and a patina here that is inconsistent with the colour of the rest of the axe, this break appears to have occurred relatively recently.



Find not photographed.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-01-01T00:00:00Z,2008-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,170,,,16.99,101.4,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Uttoxeter Rural,SK0533,Centred on parish,52.89442546,-1.92712395,WMID-5FE286,,,,,,,
393704,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1400,"An early middle Bronze Age cast copper-alloy axehead of Acton Park phase, dating from circa 1500 to 1400 BC. The axehead is complete and well preserved, though it suffers from bronze corrosion in places and the surface is pitted in parts. It is unlooped and has a high flange. The septum of the flange is 17.55 mm wide. The flange ends in a stop ridge at 66.3 mm from the butt of the axe. After the stop ridge the blade is recessed, flattening and expanding to a crescentic terminal, 73.55 mm wide. The axehead is 28.91 mm thick at its thickest, at the stop ridge. It is 24.3 mm wide at the butt. It is 163 mm in length. This axehead is unlooped and the blade is undecorated. Slight denting of the blade may indicate use, as the damage does not appear to have occurred recently, though it could have occurred after deposition. The axe has a dark green patina where it survives, though where it is pitted it is a paler green or dull brown and there is a bright blue/green and reddy brown corrosion product in places.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-31T23:00:00Z,2010-04-29T23:00:00Z,,,321.4,,,28.91,163,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Warwick,Stoneleigh,,,,,WMID-7493D3,,WMID-7493D3.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy Palstave axe,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-7493D3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/285165.jpg
394874,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1275,"Cast copper alloy blade from a palstave or Middle Bronze Age flanged axe, sub-triangular in plan and sub-rectangular in section, tapering to a point at one end where the blade terminates. The ends of the central ribs survive on both faces of the blade, below the broken end, but the blade above this is missing so there is no evidence of the median ribs dividing a shield shape below the stop-ridge. The blade is broad and only slightly expanded and because the stop-ridge, flanges and possible side-loop are missing, it is difficult to date this fragment. The raised central rib is wide and pronounced, but only continues down about a third of the blade, which suggests that this palstave was probably made during the Taunton phase, c.1400-1275 BC.











Rohl & Needham (1998) illuatrate a similar examples of a palstave and a broken blade on page 129, Fig.30, Nos.145-6, which is dated to the Taunton phase.











Pearce (1983) illustrates similar 'South West looped', median ribbed axes from Colyton in Devon on Plate 28, Nos.217b & 217c, and from Chard and Chilton Polden in Somerset on Plates 71-2, Nos.619 & 632a.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,121.68,,,12,60,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Mevagissey,SX0044,From a paper map,50.262035,-4.807434,CORN-FD2517,,June10finds 029.jpg,palstave blade (section),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June10finds 029.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/286255.jpg
395236,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Middle to late Bronze Age spear fragment. Only the tip survives; it is triangular in plan with a lozenge cross section with slightly concave sides. There is a central raised rib along the length of the upper and lower faces. There is a very small recessed circle on the broken edge, from the end of the socket. It is 44.80mm long, 22.77mm wide, 11.12mm thick tapering to 10.49mm wide, 6.62mm thick. It weighs 26.14 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-30T23:00:00Z,2010-05-24T23:00:00Z,,,26.14,,,,44.8,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Hatfield Heath,TL5315,From finder,51.812697,0.218089,ESS-1EDD81,,ESS-1EDD81.jpg,ESS-1EDD81 Bronze Age Spear,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-1EDD81.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/289971.jpg
395301,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A Bronze Age cast copper alloy Socketed Axehead dating from 1000-800 BC. The axe has a square mouth with two mouth moldings around the outside. The sub rectangular loop prtrudes from the second, less pronounced moulding; it is 6.9mm wide at its widest with a minimum of 4.7mm. The blade is parallel for most of its length before expanding close to the complete cutting edge to a width of 29.5mm. The blade width is 22.4mm. There are casting seams still present on both side with no sign of trimming. The socket depth is 46.6mm. The axehad is 61.7mm long, 22.4mm wide, 3.7mm thick and weighs 68.96 grams.



This Axehead is of the South Eastern type, Class A1 - plain. This type date to the Ewart Park Phase; 1000-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,68.96,,,3.7,61.7,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Ashford,Hothfield,TQ9643,,51.15268465,0.8012155,KENT-2126A8,,KENT2126A8.jpg,Socketed axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT2126A8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1105203.jpg
396677,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-700,A cast copper alloy awl of Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age date. The awl is 57.25mm long and has a thickened centre. From the centre one end is rectangular in section and ends in a chisel-form terminal. The other end has a circular section and ends in a point.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.77,,,,57.25,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Hartley Wintney,SU7757,From a paper map,51.306919,-0.896758,SUR-C9E798,,10.630.JPG,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/10.630.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/287864.jpg
396683,Axe,Bronze Age,,,-1500,-1000,"
A cast copper alloy palstave axe butt of Middle to Late Bronze Age date. Only the tip of the butt survives with the beginnings of the side flanges. The smooth surfaces survive well.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.57,,,9.42,25.36,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Hartley Wintney,SU7757,From a paper map,51.306919,-0.896758,SUR-CA0198,,10.631.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe butt,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/10.631.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/287865.jpg
396692,Weapon,Bronze Age,,,-1500,-700,"
A cast copper alloy blade of Bronze Age date. A short lanceolate section of the blade survives and is thickened at the centre of its section. The blade is very worn with little surviving of its original surface and of uncertain original extent. This may be the tip of a rapier.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.92,,,4.89,42.7,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Hartley Wintney,SU7757,From a paper map,51.306919,-0.896758,SUR-CA19B3,,10.632.JPG,Bronze Age: Blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/10.632.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/287866.jpg
397865,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead. The fragment is the tip of the spearhead. The fragment is sub-triangular in plan, with a sub-lozenge shaped section. The lower edge is a broeak, but it is not a recent break. The edges of the blade are abraded and blunt  having lost their original blade edge. The surface of the spearhead has areas of a well developed dark brown shiny patina, otherwise the spearhead is abraded. The spear measures 28.07mm long, 12.26mm wide and 7.88mm thick. It weighs 5.1g.











The patina, and shape in section suggests the spearhead dates to the  Bronze Age. However, as the majority of the object is missing, which has  the diagnostic features such as side-loops, the dating cannot be  narrowed down further.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-10T00:00:00Z,,,,5.1,,,7.88,28.07,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP3141,GPS (from the finder),52.066511,-1.549192,WAW-4DF992,,WAW-4DF992.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-4DF992.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/288626.jpg
398318,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1750,-1400,"A cast copper-alloy palstave axehead of late early to early middle Bronze Age in date, from circa 1750 to1400 BC. The axehead is very worn suffers from corrosion and wear, making it difficult to identify a close type. However, the lack of any evidence for an attachment loop may suggest that this is an early type of palstave. The flanges are relatively low, the axehead measuring 19.1 mm thick at the flanges. There appears to be no stop ridge differentiating between the flange and the blade, but this may simply be invisible through wear. The blade is damaged and worn. The axe measures 131.5 mm in length. It is 23.9 mm wide at the attachment end, expanding to 50.05 mm wide at the blade. It weighs 219.4 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,219.4,,,,131.5,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Longdon,SK0614,,52.723616,-1.912602,WMID-AD1E01,,WMID-AD1E01.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave axe,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-AD1E01.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/288973.jpg
398451,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-3000,-1200,"Copper alloy Bronze Age awl. Central cross-section square, tapering to a point at both ends. The object is in fair condition, is 50mm long, 4mm wide, 4mm thick, and weighs 3.3g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-04-05T23:00:00Z,,,,3.3,,,4,50,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Kirby Bellars,SK7116,GPS (from the finder),52.73698059,-0.94987459,LEIC-B67E76,,2102c.jpg,CAD2102c,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/2102c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/289140.jpg
399309,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A Late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age copper alloy dagger blade, circa 900-700BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,West Hanney 2009,12.49,,,3.36,62.7,1,David Williams,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,East Hanney,SU4192,From a paper map,51.62533071,-1.40911598,BERK-076175,,278 Dagger Blade Y Tkt.jpg,"Bronze Age Dagger Blade, TKT Y278",The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/278 Dagger Blade Y Tkt.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/289800.jpg
399510,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"A cast copper alloy socketed axehead that in style, is consistent with the Sompting type with a prominent bulbous biconical collar with a horizontal moulding beneath. Sompting axes are typical of the Llyn Fawr phase, technically seen as the Bronze-Iron Age transition and sometimes now called the Earliest Iron Age (800-600BC). 

The axehead has a sub square section mouth. The fixing loop is then drawn from the lower moulding to extend 24mm down the side moulding with an inner diameter of 8mm.











The axe is undecorated with flat plain sides, no edge chamfer and broadly splayed to the cutting edge; the seam sides are wedge shape in plan and slightly convex with clear casting lines. Although there are numerous marks/gouges to the surface of the axe, they look to be due to the passage of time in the ground. There are no clear signs of use.











Coming to the damage to the axe; there is significant and extensive damage that appears to be contemporary with the date of the axe. One side of the blade has been struck very hard with a heavy round object such to cause the axe to bend and split on the opposing face. The edge of the blade has then also been struck several times with a similar heavy round object, leading to an almost denticulate edge with four clear strikes. The damage must have been deliberate and had rendered the axe useless.











The reason for the damage may only be speculated at; it may have been an unsatisfactory casting or perhaps prepared for votive use or simply come to the end of its useful life. The surface has a bright mottled green patina with some original smooth brownish surface patina still in evidence.","Plain examples in Schmidt & Burgess (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Brendan O Connor has recently written a review of Llyn Fawr hoards in Britain In The Earlier Iron Age in Britain and the near Continent (eds C. Haselgrove & R. Pope), Oxbow 2007, with useful references to hoards of this time.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-02-28T00:00:00Z,,,,306.3,,,36,102.4,1,Adam Gwilt,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Denbighshire,Denbighshire,Llanbedr Dyffryn Clwyd,SJ1456,GPS (from the finder),53.094252,-3.285714,CPAT-5486C1,,3134-0009.jpg,Bronze Age - Axehead - Socketed of Sompting type,The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/3134-0009.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/290045.jpg
400427,Axehead,Bronze Age,,,-1200,-750,"A cast copper alloy Bronze Age axe fragment. With slightly flared blade tips, the body expands such that this fragment is probably be from a socketed axe, rather than the gentler expanding/narrower blade section on that of a flat axe or palstave. Therefore we may place this axe fragment as probable late Bronze Age (1200-750BC)











The surface is heavily corroded with a now rough dark brown patina. There are no signs of wear/use.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-04-09T23:00:00Z,,,,34.2,,,12.25,22,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Holt,SJ3753,From finder,53.070503,-2.94172,CPAT-E816F5,,3134-0012.jpg,Bronze Age - Axehead,The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/3134-0012.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/290956.jpg
400792,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A cast copper-alloy flat axehead of early Bronze Age date, dating from circa 2150 to 1500 BC. The axehead is sub-triangular in plan with a wide curved blade which tapers to the butt, which has rounded shoulders. The axehead is 63.7 mm wide at the blade end, tapering to approximately 24 mm at the butt. It is lozengiform in section, slightly thinner at the edges than in the centre, and the eges are rounded. There is no evidence for any decoration, and there is no stop ridge or flanges for the haft, indicating that this is an early flat axe. It measures 96.3 mm long, 0.98 mm thick and weighs 272.7 grams. The axehead has a very dark green, almost black patina in places, however on most parts of the axe this surface has rubbed away, exposing a paler green patina. Flat axes are amongst the earliest metal objects discovered in Britain.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-01T00:00:00Z,2010-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,272.7,,,0.98,96.3,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Lowick,,,,,WMID-03AD98,,WMID-03AD98.jpg,Early Bronze Age copper-alloy flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-03AD98.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/291294.jpg
401114,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Description

Complete copper alloy socketed axe heads

1. Copper alloy socketed axe head (Type Meldreth) in good condition with a flared

blade, a slender faceted body and a short flaring collar defined by a deep stepped groove. The loop is located below the collar. There is some damage to the cutting edge. The surface is dark green with an area of light green corrosion near the cutting edge on one side and on the other covering the majority of the body.

Max. length: 98.44mm Cutting edge: 58.84mm Mouth: 32.16mm x 30.65mm Weight: 173.0g

2. Copper alloy socketed axe head (Type Yorkshire) in good condition with three widely spaced parallel ribs which descend halfway down the face from a horizontal moulding below a prominent expanded collar. A loop protrudes from the horizontal moulding down to the body. The blade is slightly expanded. The surface is dark green with areas of light green corrosion

Max. length: 96.14mm Cutting edge: 48.89mm Mouth: 39.63mm x 39.50mm Weight: 196.4g

3. Copper alloy socketed axe head (Type Yorkshire) with three widely spaced parallel ribs which descend halfway down the face from a horizontal moulding below a prominent expanded collar. A loop protrudes from the horizontal moulding down to the body. The sides of the body are virtually straight blade is expanded. The surface is dark green with areas of light green corrosion and there is damage to the blade and the body.

Max. length: 95.37mm Cutting edge: 46.44mm Mouth: 40.54mm x 39.34mm Weight: 202.4g

4. Copper alloy socketed axe head (Type Yorkshire) with three widely spaced parallel ribs which descend halfway down the face from a horizontal moulding below a prominent expanded collar. A loop protrudes from the horizontal moulding down to the body. The sides of the body are virtually straight blade is expanded. The surface is dark green with areas of light green corrosion and there is damage to the blade.

Max. length: 88.90mm Cutting edge: 50.11mm Mouth: 39.77mm x 39.56mm Weight: 264.7g

5. Copper alloy socketed axe head body and collar. The short flaring collar defined by a deep stepped groove. The loop is located below the collar. The surface is dark green with an area of light green corrosion near the cutting edge on one side and on the other covering the majority of the body.

Max. length: 74.59mm Mouth: 45.27mm x 42.37mm Weight: 241.6g

6. Copper alloy cauldron handle fragment. Solid semi-circular ring, oval in section, which is broken at both ends. The surface is dark green with many areas of light green corrosion.

Max. Diam: 114.85mm Th: 9.47mm Weight: 118.5g

7. Copper alloy bar toggle. A short straight circular-sectioned rod with expanded ends and flat terminals. At the centre is a short, solid and straight-sided rectangular section protrudes from the rod at a slight angle until it expands slightly and terminates in a broken end. There is a groove at the base of the rectangular section on one side. The surface is dark green with many areas of light green corrosion

Max. Length: 30.96mm Max Width : 18.91mm; Max Th. 8.4mm Weight: 15.6g

8. Five copper alloy sheet edge fragments of shallow disc, probably fragments of a phalara. Five curved thin sheets with a highly polished dark green upper surface and a light green rough corroded lower surface. Four have straight defined edges. Refitting the fragments was not possible but angle of the curvature and the location of the edges implied an original flattened dome form.

Max. Length: 43.51mm Max Width: 26.76mm Max Th. 1.78mm Weight: 9.9g

Max. Length: 49.38mm Max Width: 22.85mm Max Th. 2.15mm Weight: 10.5g

Max. Length: 42.42mm Max Width: 21.02mm Max Th. 2.14mm Weight: 7.6g

Max. Length: 31.06mm Max Width: 21.05mm Max Th. 1.41mm Weight: 5.3g

Max. Length: 23.99mm Max Width: 19.56mm Max Th. 2.04mm Weight: 3.9g

9. Copper alloy nail headed pin fragment. Large flat circular head with narrowing circular-sectioned shaft bending slightly before the broken end. The surface is dark green with many areas of light green corrosion.

Max. Length: 27.65mm Max Width: 12.76mm Weight: 4.1g

10. Copper alloy annular ring. Small circular sectioned ring. The surface is dark green with many areas of light green corrosion.

Max. Diam: 22.94mm Max Th: 2.93mm Weight: 2.6g

11. Copper alloy annular ring. Small oval sectioned ring with a slightly distorted body. The surface is dominated by light green corrosion.

Max. Diam: 25.52mm Max Th: 3.14mm Weight: 3.3g

12. Copper alloy ring fragment. Curved oval sectioned bar with dark green surface and light green corrosion.

Max. Length: 36.69mm Max Th: 4.79mm Weight: 5.2g

13. Copper alloy socket fragment. Long expanded collar ending in a single round moulding and small broken body fragment. Dark green surface and light green corrosion on one side and light green corrosion on the other.

Max. Length: 33.12mm Max Width 15.99mm Max Th: 2.69mm Weight: 6.4g

14. Copper alloy fragment. Three grooves in on each side of a thin sheet fragment. Dark green surface and light green corrosion.

Max. Length: 22.54mm Max Width 14.24mm Max Th: 3.05mm Weight: 2.9g

15. Copper alloy socketed object, probably a wagon fitting. A broken hollow tubular body with a circular section and three parallel bands of decoration narrows to a plain tubular section with one decorative band. This expands to a disc shaped section before narrowing to a tubular section where it has been broken. Dark green surface and light green corrosion on one side and light green corrosion on the other.

Max. Length: 78.43mm Max Width 27.35mm Weight: 120.1g (with soil in socket)

Discussion

The Type Meldreth and Yorkshire socketed axes, the bar toggle, the probable phalara fragments and the nail headed pin all date this hoard to the Ewart Park metalwork phase (c. 1000-800 BC) in the Late Bronze Age. Type Yorkshire socketed axes are frequently found in hoards from East Anglia to Scotland (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 223) and Type Meldreth socketed axes are well known throughout Britain, Ireland and Western Europe (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 204). Nail headed pins are rarer but are found throughout England, including the northeast with comparable pins found in Heathery Burn Cave, County Durham (Britton and Longworth 1968, nos. 95-108; O'Connor 1980, 200, list 180, map 63). Bar toggles are occasionally found in hoards in England (see Rafferty 1975; O'Connor 1980, 196 and List 169) and although the Stannington example lacks the distinguishing central loop or perforation, it is possible that this is due to the breakage on the rectangular protrusion.

The probable cauldron handle fragment is comparable in shape and dimensions to the two cauldron handles placed in a hoard with a two blade fragments and 11 socketed axes, including one of Type Yorkshire, at Kilkerran, Ayrshire (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, plate 147 and p. 225-226, no. 1383; for further discussion of Late Bronze Age cauldrons, buckets and their handles see Gerloff 2010). The probable phalara fragments are interpreted, as are the bar toggles, as horse gear and are found throughout England and beyond (O'Connor 1975; 1980, 197, list 171.) with two from the northeast at Heathery Burn cave and Eastgate, Co. Durham (O'Connor 1975, 220). The final object, a probable wagon fitting, has no straightforward parallel in Britain or beyond but is broadly comparable to sections of Late Bronze Age tubular wagon fittings found in the Hart a. d. Alz group in Central Europe (see Pare 1992, 18-42). Despite the relative rarity of certain object types in the hoard, the assemblage is comparable to parts of the Heathery Burn Cave, County Durham hoard(s) (Britton and Longworth 1968) and Kilkerran, Ayrshire hoard (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 225-226) amongst others.

Conclusion

The hoard fulfils the requirements for being considered Treasure under the 1996 Treasure Act (2002 Amendment).

References

Britton, D. and Longworth, I. 1968 Late Bronze Age finds in the Heathery Burn cave, Co. Durham. Inventaria Archaeologica 55

Gerloff, S. 2010. Atlantic Cauldrons and Buckets of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Western Europe: With a Review of Comparable Vessels from Central Europe and Italy. Munich: Prahistorische Bronzefunde II/18.

O'Connor, B. 1975. Six Prehistoric Phalerae in the London Museum and a discussion of other Phalerae from the British Isles. The Antiquaries Journal 55, 215-226.

O'Connor, B. 1980. Cross-Channel Relations in the Later Bronze Age. BAR International Series 91.

Pare, C.F.E. 1992. Wagons and Wagon-Graves of the Early Iron Age in Central Europe. Oxford: OUCA Monograph 35.

Rafferty, B. 1975. A Late Bronze bar toggle from Ireland. Archaeologica Atlantica 1, 83-89.

Schmidt, P K and Burgess, C B 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England. Munich: Prahistorische Bronzefunde IX/7.



Ben Roberts (Curator of European Bronze Age) 21.12.10",5/5/11 TVC valuation: £1500,3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2010-07-26T23:00:00Z,,2010T442,,,,,,,19,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Stannington,NZ1975,From a paper map,55.069107,-1.704012,NCL-2E4872,,2010T442.jpg,Bronze Age hoard and Post-Medieval material found in the vicinity,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/2010T442.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/292968.jpg
401336,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-975,"Incomplete cast copper alloy leaf-shaped spearhead with broken blade and broken tapering socket, triangular in plan and oval in section. There is a hole in the side of the socket below the blade but this is not a peg hole or the remains of a side-loop, but the result of corrosion. There does appear to be a curved edge on one side of the socket at the edge of the break, which may be part of a peg hole, in which case it may date from the Penard phase (c.1250-1125 BC) which is at the end of the Middle Bronze Age and has some transitional artefacts, such as early pegged spearheads, or the Wilburton phase (c.1125-975 BC) which is the earliest Late Bronze Age phase (Dr. Richard Davis pers comm).



Pearce (1983) in Part (ii) illustrates two similar examples on page 565, Plate 4, No.45 from St Erth, and No.48a, from Wheal Virgin streamworks, Pentewan, which also have broken sockets and points and therefore are not precisely dated.



There are also two pegged spearheads from the hoard found at Kilnhurst, South Yorkshire (Smith 1958), which are similar but a little larger. This hoard is dated to the Penard phase because of the associated objects (Dr. Richard Davis forthcoming).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-03-31T23:00:00Z,2009-05-30T23:00:00Z,,,34.32,,,12,87,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Callington,SX3769,From a paper map,50.498063,-4.299643,CORN-740B97,,May10finz 004.jpg,spearhead (section),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/May10finz 004.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/293190.jpg
402439,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Cast bronze side-looped, socketed spearhead from the early Middle Bronze Age, c.1500-1150 BC.
















Mostly complete with the tip missing and worn blade edges. The blade would have been leaf-shaped and has a raised midrib on both sides running from top to bottom. The socket widens towards the end. It has two small side-loops about half way down. These are rectangular and have been cast integrally with the spear. The socket is slightly out of shape with the edge being uneven, however it is mostly circular in section and hollow. Nothing of the wooden shaft remains.
















Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, c. 1500-1150BC.","
Peter Reavill (FLO Shropshire and Herefordshire) comments that the damage to the base may be deliberate, perhaps to do with the Bronze Age tradition of 'killing' items before ritually depositing them.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,70.4,,24.44,8.34,118.37,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Healeyfield,NZ0848,From a paper map,54.826776,-1.877003,DUR-11AAE3,,DUR-11AAE3.jpg,DUR-11AAE3,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/frances/DUR-11AAE3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/292941.jpg
403095,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1020,-800,"Late Bronze Age Copper alloy socketed axe (Type Southern English Ribbed, Class B) with a single mouth and three ribs (Needham 1990, 33, fig. 4,23). Most of the axe is matte red/brown except from three areas where the skin is damaged revealing porous matte metal.The probable blade corner curves are missing and the existing edges are chipped and worn.","
Part of a hoard consisiting of two axes, a palstave and a complete two piece mould
",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2009-05-23T23:00:00Z,,2009T278,,188.6,,,37,98,1,Ben Roberts,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Rothley,SK5713,From finder,52.711669,-1.157717,LEIC-A665D7,,A665D7.JPG,late Bronze age copper alloy socketed axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/A665D7.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/293598.jpg
403097,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1140,-1020,"Late Bronze Age Copper alloy looped palstave (Type Late Palstave) with a triangular flange and a straight sided body running down to a flared , chipped blade (Smith 1959,177, Fig 7,4). The surface is mud coated with the shiny red/brown skin chipped in places to reveal porous matte green areas on the flange top and cutting edge.","Part of the Rothley Hoard other items can be found at LEIC-A665D7 LEIC-4F6B



and LEIC-A6BB51",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2009-05-23T23:00:00Z,,2009T278,,444,,,26.5,145,1,Ben Roberts,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Rothley,SK5713,From finder,52.711669,-1.157717,LEIC-A67B11,,A67B11a.JPG,Late Bronze Age copper alloy paltsvae axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/A67B11a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/293597.jpg
403105,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1020,-800,"Two halves of a Late Bronze Age Copper alloy axe mould (Type Welby). Although both moulds fit together well and their interiors match, the exteriors have different protrusion patterns.



1a. The back-face of a copper alloy axe mould (Type Welby) extensively coated in dried earth (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 221-3). The visible areas of metal are a matte red/brown on the outside and dark grey/green on the inside. The mould exterior has two rectangular protrusions 7.6mm in length positioned centrally close to the socket end between two 84mm long lines of circular protrusions. These are 2.7mm in diameter and spaced between 7mm and 8.7mm apart.



The interior of the mould contains semi-circular, double- mouthed axe recesses above three rib indentations with the loop recess developing from the lower mouth. The coating of dried mud makes it difficult to ascertain the length of the rib recesses beyond 30mm. Max length: 139mm; max. width: 61mm; impression area length: 113mm; impression area width at blade: 45mm; impression area width at loop: 43mm; impression area width at mouth: 34mm: impression area maximum depth at mouth: 19.7mm; weight 245.1g 1b. Front-face of a copper alloy axe mould (Type Welby) with large areas of the red, brown metal still covered in dried earth (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 221-3). The exterior surface is damaged in the centre at the socket end above two rectangular protrusions 7.6mm in length. These are positioned centrally between two, 91mm long lines of circular protrusions. These are 2.7mm in diameter and spaced between 7mm and 8.7mm apart. Another circular rivet is centred between the lines close to the blade end of the mould. The visible interior of the mould is a mirror image of 1a (above) containing semi circular, double mouthed axe recesses with the loop recess developing from the lower mouth. A thick coating of dried earth obliterates the view of the rib and blade area. Max length: 145mm; max. width: 63mm; impression area length: 113mm; impression area width at blade: 45mm; impression area width at loop: 44.2mm; impression area width at mouth: 38.7mm: impression area maximum depth at mouth :19.7mm; weight 279.1g","Part of the Rothley Hoard other items can be found at LEIC-A67B11 LEIC-A665D7 and LEIC-4F6B02



The copper alloy axe moulds are for the manufacture of Type Welby socketed axes as defined by Schmidt and Burgess (1981, 221-3) and date to the EwartPark period (1020-800 BC) of the Late Bronze Age (Needham et al. 1997). Their discovery location in Leicestershire is approximately ten miles west of the Welby hoard find site described by Smith (1957, 24, fig.4). Such axe moulds are rare but this can be compared to the mould from Roseberry Topping, Yorkshire (Type Sompting) (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 243),It is possible that the copper alloy socketed axe of the Welby Type as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, 205) may have been made in this mould though until further cleaning there is no way of evaluating this any further.



Ben Roberts.



Minutes from the Treasure Valuation Committee meeting where this case was seen are available here.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2009-05-23T23:00:00Z,,2009T278,,524.2,,,19.7,145,2,Ben Roberts,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Rothley,SK5713,From finder,52.711669,-1.157717,LEIC-A6BB51,,A6BB51b.JPG,Late Bronze age copper alloy two piece axe mould,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/A6BB51b.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/293602.jpg
403388,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A large part of a socketed axe of late Bronze Age date consisting of the blade and part of the socket - about half the length of the axe survives below a jagged break. The cross section is octagonal with precise corners between the facets. The fragment is in good condition although the blade is pitted and there appears to be active bronze disease within the socket. Filing striations are present around the casting seam.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,2009-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,80,,,,66.36,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Shottesbrooke,SU8575,From a paper map,51.467595,-0.777715,SUR-D13C85,,B10.144.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B10.144.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/294033.jpg
405361,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"Late Bronze Age damaged and incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead. Only the lower half of the body and blade end survive. There is a worn break around the socket. It is sub-rectangular in plan increasing in width sharply at the blade end. The cutting edge is slightly curved and worn. It is 55.52mm long, 25.77mm by 17.29mm wide across the body and 35.03mm wide across the blade end. The socket wall is 2.56mm thick. It weighs 49.5 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-08-14T23:00:00Z,,,,49.5,,,,55.52,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,London,Greater London Authority,Havering,Cranham,TQ5888,From a paper map,51.568738,0.278345,ESS-4AEC01,,ESS-4AEC01.jpg,ESS-4AEC01 Bronze Age socketed axehead,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-4AEC01.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/300690.jpg
405511,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-975,"Cast copper alloy fragment of a dagger, shield-shaped in plan, plano-convex in profile and triangular in section, with a worn central mid-rib, tapering towards the tip of the dagger. The point end of the blade is rounded and the opposite edge broken off so that the rest of the blade and hilt, which would have all been cast as one piece, are missing. The sides of the blade come to a point and are slightly bevelled. The pronounced central ridge running up and down the length of the blade, rounded but not flattened in section, resembles the daggers and swords from the Penard (c.1250-1125 BC) and Wilburton (c.1125-975 BC) phases of the Bronze Age. But the mid-rib is only on one side of the blade which suggests that this is a fragment from a dagger blade, and more likely to date from the Penard phase, when daggers have been found associated with Ballintober swords.











Pearce (1985) illustrates a small sword with Ballintober associations on page 602, Plate 41, No.314a from Washfield in Devon which is dated to the Penard phase.











Pearce (1984) illustrates a tanged knife with a central rib on page 44, Plate 12 from Isleham, Cambridgeshire which was found with a Wilburton sword.






Needham & Rohl (1998) illustrates a Penard Taplow type sword on page 133, Fig.35, No.237, and a Wilburton type sword on page 134, Fig.36, Letter B, both with similar slightly ogival profiles in section, but does not illustrate any daggers from the period.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.55,,,8,45,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Teath,SX0680,From a paper map,50.587421,-4.741979,CORN-55C363,,Aug09finds 003.jpg,dagger fragment (oblique),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Aug09finds 003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/296245.jpg
406303,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An almost intact cast bronze / copper alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date (1000 - 800 BC).


The axe is almost complete (95%), with only a few chips missing from the edge of the blade. The original edge of the blade is not present so it is hard to determine how the blade extended outwards.


The axe is sub rectangular in plan, with the edge of the cutting edge appears to expand / flare outwards to form an convex cutting edge. The expanded blade has a curved convex (crescent shaped) cutting edge which is relatively poorly preserved. The socket is sub square in cross section, with a circular opening (internal diameter 31.23mm, external width 42.78mm). The socket has been emptied out of the soil to reveal a square shaped void extending the majority of the length of the axe. The external edge of the socket is flaring out to form a ridge around the mouth of the socket. The edges of the blade are faceted, with elegant proportioned edges that expand from the expanded blade to the socket. The lower edge exhibits a semi circular moulded side loop (25.65mm length, 11.55mm wide, 4.60mm thick and projects 9.65mm away from the surface of the axe), in parallel alignment to the blade. On both sides of the blade, there are a large number of fine diagonal and horizontal striations, indicating the final finishing and preparing of the blade. A casting seam (central raised ridge) runs the length of the axe from the socket mouth to the side of the blade. The opposing edge to the loop exhibits another casting seam (central raised ridge) running the length of the blade. These casting seams are the result of the mould being used to cast the axe being made originally in two halves. The two sides of the mould are slightly misaligned, indicating that the mould has slipped slightly during the casting process. The casting seams have been hammered, filed and smoothed. Four casting jets are present along the edge of the socket, and have been filed and smoothed off. These two sides are both sub triangular in plan with the apex of the triangular being the point of the blade.


The other two sides are sub rectangular in plan, with three parallel vertical ribs present approximately a third of the way along the axe from the socket, extending from a horizontal rib, parallel to the socket. These ribs are about 4.7mm wide and extend approximately 26.7 mm down the length of the axe. They start 18.75 mm away from the mouth of the socket. A low ridge runs around the axe at the top of these ribs.


The axe measures 105.66mm in length, 42.94mm wide, 45.65mm high at the socket and 46.42mm at the edge of the blade. The metal is 7.40mm thick. It weighs 332 grams.


The axe has a even dark green smooth patina covering it. Around the top of the axe, the surface is a dark almost black colour, which is normally typical of South Wales type axes, however this Axe is more typical of the Bredon Hill type (North Wales type). There are a couple of areas of active corrosion (bright green powdery areas), mainly located on the edge of the blade and in a couple of small sections on the socket. Within the socket, some of the soil has been impregnated with copper corrosion products. These areas need careful observation to ensure that active corrosion does not cause any more problems. Advice from a trained conservator should be sought.


This axe fits within the socketed and faceted axe typology; specifically into the division type Meldreth which is broadly dated to the Late Bronze Age. It is associated with the later phases of the Wilburton metalworking traditions (phase X) and earlier phases of the Ewart Park tradition (phase XII). This corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 6-7 circa 1000-800 CAL. BC. Broadly these forms of faceted axes have a distribution on the Eastern side of Britain and suggest a southern British metalworking tradition (cf Schmidt & Burgess).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,,332,45.65,,7.4,105.66,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Wootton,SK1145,From finder,53.002208,-1.837536,WAW-F69CD5,,WAW-F69CD5_9.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Socketed Axe,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WAW-F69CD5_9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/297501.jpg
406667,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"A small gold penannnular ring dating from the Bronze Age and possibly used as ring money, as suggested by other similar artefacts. The ring is roughly circular in section and is very thick - it measures 3.9mm. It is assumed that the ring has a very high gold content.","The finder stated that this object was found in 1985, and therefore would be covered by the Treasure Trove laws and not the 1996 Treasure Act. It was recommended that the finder contact his local FLO for further information.",4,Gold,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1985-01-01T00:00:00Z,1985-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,7.1,,13.98,3.9,,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,West Wycombe,,,,,BERK-1FC1E8,,FritwellAug2010244.jpg,Bronze Age: Possible ring money or jewellery,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/FritwellAug2010244.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/297680.jpg
406799,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-800,"Bronze Age copper-alloy tip from a probable spearhead, 41mm long, 11mm wide and 9mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 12.11g. It is triangular, with a distinct bevelled line visible in places on the edge of both faces, although the edges are very worn. It has a lozenge-shaped cross-section and it has a fully circular void in its broken underside.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.11,,,9,41,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Southery,TL6195,GPS (from the finder),52.529079,0.371966,LEIC-34ADD4,,34ADD4.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy spearhaed,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/34ADD4.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/297310.jpg
406812,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1020,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy sword fragment, 33mm long, 27mm wide and 4 mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs ?? The object is sub triangular in form and is slighly rhomboid in section. each side tapers inwards slightly and tapers in width to a blade edge. Above this the object has a recessed sub-rectangular protrusion, the lower edges of which are formed by the incomplete circular fixing holes which would have secured the blade to its handle.



The size of the object suggests it is a fragment of a Ewart Park phase sword.",,4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,4,33,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Seagrave,SK6119,From a paper map,52.765164,-1.097404,LEIC-356106,,356106.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy sword fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/356106.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/297345.jpg
406990,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper alloy spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1500-1150 BC). The spearhead retains only the length of the cone-shaped socket and two side loops, and is missing the entire upper section of the spearhead including the blades.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-04-06T23:00:00Z,,,,22.02,,14.71,1.61,48.66,1,Ros Tyrrell,Jennifer Moss,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Turville,SU7491,Centred on parish,51.6129758,-0.93268234,BUC-78CD94,,2DSCN9118.JPG,Bronze age spear,Buckinghamshire County Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmoss/2DSCN9118.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/297597.jpg
407162,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Cast copper alloy flat or palstave axe dating to the Bronze Age, (2150-800BC). The object is incomplete and is rectangular in cross-section. The blade expands outwards and has a sharp cutting edge which is 1mm thick. Each surface of the object is very pitted and has areas of brown and green patination. The axe measures 47.5mm in length, 50mm in width and is 9mm thick and weighs 71.14g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-11T23:00:00Z,,,,71.14,,,9,47.5,1,Colin Knight,Colin Knight,South East,West Sussex,Adur,SHOREHAM BY SEA,TQ2307,From finder,50.849452,-0.254118,PUBLIC-9BA830,,axe.JPG,bronze axe head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sandbyte/axe.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/315378.jpg
407424,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy socketed axe fragment, circa 1000-800BC. It is broken across the body with the blade end surviving. The socket end is rectangular in cross section, measuring 21.16mm by 4.65mm. The socket wall is 5.08mm thick. There is some damage to the cutting edge. The axehead is 54.03mm long, 43.76mm wide across the cutting edge, 30.54mm wide across the body. It weighs 110.5 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,"Langham, Essex (Colchester MDC) Rally 19th Sept 2010",110.5,,,,54.03,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Langham,TM0132,Recorded at a rally,51.950161,0.923434,ESS-B0F101,,136b.jpg,Bronze Age cast copper alloy socketed axe fragment,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/136b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/298521.jpg
407582,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,400,"Copper alloy








Ring fragment. About half of a cast round-section ring, slightly flattened buy hammering on its upper and lower surfaces. One end is broken, the other flat, apparently as made, suggesting this to be a fragment of an originally penannular object. The object is too small and thick to qualify as a member of the common class of harness rings or brooches, and is possibly a fragment of a Prehistoric object, such as a penannular base metal ring, or the base metal core of a ring of precious metal (though if the latter, no trace of precious metal remains). Suggested date: Later Bronze Age to Roman, 1150 BC-400AD.










Diameter (of ring): 17.4mm, Thickness: 4.9mm, Weight: 2.58gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-07-03T23:00:00Z,,,,2.58,,17.4,4.9,,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,,,,,,,,,NLM-B60904,,NLM15255.jpg,Ring from Winteringham,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM15255.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/301236.jpg
407843,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast copper-alloy axehead of late Bronze Age date (circa 1000-800 BC). The axhead is complete and suffers minimal damage. Where damage it occurs it is chiefly along the blade, although there are some other scuff marks elswhere. The uneven patina along much of the blade suggests that some of this damage occurred whilst the object was in the ground.



The axehead measures 109.2 mm long and 41.3 mm wide. It weighs 261.5 grams. It tapers from 41 mm thick at the socketed end to 2 mm thick at the blade. The axe is hollow, with a socket for attachment of a haft. The socket is sub-rectangular in shape and measures 41 mm by 41 mm. The axehead is waisted, tapering slightly from the socket to the centre, and then flaring again to the blade. A raised collar runs around the axehead at approximately 15 mm from the socket. On each side four decorative ribs emanate from this collar, running for approximately 33 mm in the direction of the blade. On one edge, situated just after the collar, there is a semi-circular moulded attachment loop. On each edge there is a casting seam which runs down the length of the axe.



The axehead has a fairly even dark green patina with patches of paler green copper corrosion in places. This axe fits within the socketed and faceted axe typology; specifically into the division type Meldreth which is broadly dated to the Late Bronze Age. It is associated with the later phases of the Wilburton metalworking traditions (phase X) and earlier phases of the Ewart Park tradition (phase XII). This corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 6-7 circa 1000-800 CAL. BC. Broadly these forms of faceted axes have a distribution on the Eastern side of Britain and suggest a southern British metalworking tradition (cf Schmidt & Burgess).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,261.5,,,41,109.2,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Penkridge,SJ9314,GPS (from the finder),52.723601,-2.10508,WMID-CC5D20,,WMID-CC5D20.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-CC5D20.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/306944.jpg
409201,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1300,-1050,"
A fragmentary rapier of Middle Bronze Age date. The object consists of the butt end and the blade which is broken. The attachment end is slightly curved and in each corner is a rivet hole; one of the holes still contains a flat-headed copper-alloy rivet. The attachment end is abraded one of the holes is incomplete. Below it expands, with stepped shoulders, to the widest point. Beyond the blade narrows gradually, still narrowing at the break, though increasingly less steeply. The edges of the blade are bevelled on both sides; the cross-section at the break has the appearance of an oval with winged protrusions.The artefact perhaps belongs to the Penard metalworking phase.
","
This object was recorded at a rally. The description and photograph may not therefore meet the usual standard of recording.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,"Grange de Lings, Lincolnshire",43.2,,,5.98,75.24,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Grange De Lings,SK9877,From a paper map,53.280928,-0.531619,LIN-C85357,,GL48.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy rapier,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/GL48.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/299243.jpg
409345,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1000,"
A fragment from a bladed object, possibly a rapier of Middle Bronze Age date. The object consists of the abraded blade tip, that tapers to a rounded point. All of the edges have been abraded and broken to a greater or lesser extent. The break is broadly straight. The edges of the blade are bevelled while a central section is flat; the cross-section at the break has the appearance of an elongated hexagon. Where it survives the metal has a dark-brown patina; underlying this it is a corroded mid-green colour. One surface has been iron stained.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-04-24T23:00:00Z,,,,2.3,2.2,,,18.1,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Stagsden,SP9750,From a paper map,52.13979,-0.58405,HAMP-DC9DA3,,HAMP-DC9DA3blade.jpg,"Bronze Age blade (rapier, possibly)",Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-DC9DA3blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/299428.jpg
409351,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"
A cast copper-alloy awl or tracer of possible Bronze Age date. The artefact has a thin body with square cross-section that tapers to a point at one end. At the other the 'tang' narrows to a rectangular cross-section. Such construction is typical of prehistoric awls which are thought to date from the late Bronze Age. The object has a variable mid/dark-green patina with some striations through corrosion.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2010-09-20T23:00:00Z,,,9.09,,,5.2,72,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Alton,SU7138,From a paper map,51.136879,-0.986575,HAMP-DCCD47,,HAMP-DCCD47awl.jpg,Bronze Age awl (possibly),Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-DCCD47awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/299953.jpg
409940,Palstave,Bronze Age,,,-1500,-1150,"Cast copper alloy palstave Axe head typical of forms produced in the Middle bronze Age (1500 -1150 BC).











It has a narrow, square butt, low tapering flanges and a slight lip on the stop-ridge. The body is divided by a single midrib. The crescental blade is flared. The casting seams are clearly visible on the sides and there is no scar suggesting that a loop was present. Roughly 'H-shaped' in section.











The axe is 170mm long. The cresent blade is 70mm wide. The blade tapers down to the handle, which is 20mm wide. The side is 26mm thick and has an eliptical shape in plan.






The defination of a 'Palstave' axe is generally accepted to be an axe hafted by means of a forked wooden handle kept in place with high, cast flanges and stop bar. as such, this axe fits the category of palstave axe of Middle to late Bronze Age date.











A brown patina on the butt and between the mid-rib is representative of its age, and it is in very good condition.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,395.5,,,26,160,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,,,,,,,,,NARC-2DF721,,NARC-2DF721 PALSTAVE c.jpg,NARC-2DF721 PALSTAVE,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-2DF721 PALSTAVE c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/299955.jpg
410090,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-950,"A fragment of a copper alloy palstave. The portion which remains is the butt of the palstave. The butt is a sub-trapezoid in plan, with one broken edge which is not too recent a break. The section is a rectangle with slight lips at each corner forming an almost 'I' section. In profile the butt is triangular, thereby tapering to a blunt edge at the terminal. On one side face the casting seam is partially visible. The fragment is in fair condition with an incomplete shiny dark brown patina. It measures 21.1mm long, 24.65mm wide and 7.29mm thick. It weighs 12.3g.


The fragment is probably dated to the middle Bronze Age (c. -1500 to c. -950).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-04-16T23:00:00Z,,,,12.3,,,7.29,21.1,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP2940,GPS (from the finder),52.057628,-1.578452,WAW-35A062,,WAW-35A062.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-35A062.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/300006.jpg
410389,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2500,410,"A fragment of copper alloy spearhead, of possible Bronze Age to Roman date.



The spearhead is leaf shaped with a raised central rib that is circular in section. It is green in colour.



The form best matches spearhead of Bronze Age date (e.g. Moore, C.N., Rowlands, M. (1972) Bronze Age Metalwork in the Salisbury Museum), but all other objects from the field were of Roman date, perhaps indicating a Roman leaf-shaped spearhead.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.6,,,8.34,22.5,1,Emma Morris,Emma Morris,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Humshaugh,NY9271,From a paper map,55.033456,-2.126696,NCL-5A3534,,IMG_4284.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead,Newcastle University,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/emorris/IMG_4284.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/301718.jpg
410852,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy blade of mid to late Bronze Age date. Probably from a dagger similar to NARC-7A1368.











The blade widens slightly at one end suggesting that it was flaring towards the hilt. The wider end is 3mm thick and lentoid in section. The fragment both narrows and gets thinner towards the opposite end. The sides are flat.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,,7.24,,,3,28,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,Eastern,Essex,Epping Forest,,TL5312,GPS (from the finder),51.785744,0.216766,NARC-84A252,,NARC-84A252 BLADE c.jpg,NARC-84A252 BLADE,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-84A252 BLADE c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/300530.jpg
411202,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Bronze Age flanged axe, from the Aylesford and Arreton periods, c. 1700-1500 BC.











The handle is slightly narrower at the butt than where it meets the blade (the central point has a width of 31.09mm). The side flanges are low and are at their highest in the central point of the handle. At this central point the handle is also thickest, with a small raised horizontal ridge just visible. The blade is semi-circular and at its widest point measures 84.91mm wide. It still narrows to a thin cutting edge all along the blade edge.











It is almost complete with just the butt and blade edges being slightly uneven. It has a mainly even brown patina although there are a few small patches of green (corrosion). On both sides of the blade and at the top of the haft there are small hollows, possibly from problems during casting but possibly also corrosion damage.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,14.59,137.42,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Kirklington-cum-Upsland,SE3181,From a paper map,54.223788,-1.526033,DUR-C4D8C4,,DUR-C4D8C4.jpg,DUR-C4D8C4,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/frances/DUR-C4D8C4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/301566.jpg
411477,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1275,"Middle Bronze Age 'later short-flanged axe' of Type Ulrome assigned to the c. 1500-1275 BC Taunton Phase (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 94-8, pls 43-7 nos 539-604).



reference



Schmidt, P.K. and Burgess, C.B., 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England (Prähistorische Bronzefunde 9.7) (Munich).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Sawbridgeworth,,Centred on parish,,,ESS-DBE957,,ESS-DBE957.jpg,ESS-DBE957 Middle Bronze Age Axe,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-DBE957.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/300984.jpg
411495,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A cast copper-alloy awl which has a slender body which is circular in section from the mid point to a blunt tip. This portion is slightly swollen in width at the centre. The other half ofthe awl is rectagnular in section and tapers in depth to a blunt point. This half is probably the tang, and the opposite terminal is the working element of the tool. The awl is a slightly pitted surface with traces of a mid green/grey coloured surface. It measures 54.86mm long, 6.5mm wide, 6.07mm thick and weighs 7.7g.






The awl probably dates to the later Bronze Age period: -1150 to -800.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-08-02T23:00:00Z,2010-09-06T23:00:00Z,,,7.7,,,6.07,54.86,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Warwick,Weston under Wetherley,SP3668,From a paper map,52.30894,-1.473398,WAW-DEE317,,WAW-DEE317.jpg,Bronze Age awl.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-DEE317.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/301005.jpg
412353,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead fragment, 40mm ong, 26mm wide, 10mm thick at the base, 2mm thick at the tip and weighs 8.52g. It consists of a the broken tip of a spearhead with a jagged broken lower surface. It is triangular in form and ovoid in section with a triangular shaped, circular sectioned hollow shaft. This is flanked by flat curving blades which have a bevelled edge,",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,8.52,,,10,40,1,Wendy Scott,Rebecca Czechowicz,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Melton Warwick,SK7517,From a paper map,52.74542933,-0.89041511,LEIC-6B9441,,LEIC-6B9441.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy arrowhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebecca/LEIC-6B9441.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/301725.jpg
413677,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-700,"Copper/tin/lead- alloy metal working debris of Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age date, i.e1000-700 BC. Dimension: length: 12mm, width: 7mm, thickness: 7mm, weight: 1.04g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,1.04,,,7,12,1,Maria Therese Falk,Maria Therese Falk,,Lancashire,Lancaster,Silverdale,SD4575,From a paper map,54.16783577,-2.84393369,LANCUM-00C632,,LANCUM--006F74.jpg,"Copper/tin/lead- alloy metal working debris of Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age date, i.e1000-700 BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/neanore/LANCUM--006F74.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/302628.jpg
413908,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1750,"
An incomplete, worn and pitted copper-alloy small Early Bronze Age small flat axehead. In plan, from the rounded butt end the width remains the same until about the centre of the axe when it begins to gently expand to the blade end; the butt end is damaged and broken due to an old break. In section, the axe gradually thickens slightly towards the centre but there is no ridge/stop or flanges. The blade edge and tips are rounded and worn. The artefact has a mid-green patina; the pitting is lighter green.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2010-09-21T23:00:00Z,,,19.07,,,4.15,52.4,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Colemore and Priors Dean,SU7228,From a paper map,51.046848,-0.974274,HAMP-1556C2,,HAMP-1556C2axe.JPG,Bronze age flat axe,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry/HAMP-1556C2axe.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/302773.jpg
414932,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1400,"A case bronze palstave axehead of the Middle Bronze Age, c 1550-1400 BC.






The palstave belongs to the Acton group of metalwork, and is a nearly complete specimen. The entire axehead is 154.21mm in length, with a maximum width across the flanges measuring 42.81mm. The blade expands out from the centre of the head. The edge is cresent shaped, with a breadth of 47.45mm from tip to tip. The axe is thickest at the base of the blade, 13.99 and 1.38mm thick at the worn and incmomplete edge of the butt. The flanges expand from the top and bottom of the septum in a sub-triangular fashion, peaking nearer to the blade than the butt. In depth, each flange measures 18.38 from the septum to outer edge. There is a thickening separating the septum from the blade, but no truly formed stop. The butt is slightly rounded. The object has an even grey-green-brown patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-06-30T23:00:00Z,2010-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,,22.45,,13.99,154.21,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Tritlington and West Chevington,NZ1691,From finder,55.212986,-1.750093,NCL-A94030,,IMG_4844.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/IMG_4844.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/304409.jpg
415252,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy of probable Middle Bronze Age date.



It is in poor condition, suffering badly from wear, and only the tip survives. The spear is lozenge shaped in section with a pronounced mid rib and flat wings.



The remainder of the spear measures 55.1 mm long, 15.9 mm wide, 10.1 mm thick and weighs 13.9 grams.



It has a brown patina, although traces of the original metal surface survive in small parts as a dark green.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-31T23:00:00Z,2010-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,13.9,,,10.1,55.1,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Rudge,SO8196,From a paper map,52.561498,-2.281708,WMID-C347F4,,WMID-C347F4.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy spear fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-C347F4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/304370.jpg
415495,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-800,"A cast copper-alloy fragment from what was probably a Bronze Age spearhead. The object is hollow and lozenge shaped in section and rectangular in plan. The central area has three facets and a wing on each side. It has a brown to grey patina. It measures 15.95 mm long, 12.0 mm wide, 5.9 mm thick and weighs 2.1 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-31T23:00:00Z,2010-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,2.1,,,5.9,15.95,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Brewood and Coven,SJ8409,From finder,52.67846027,-2.2380883,WMID-D65747,,WMID-D65747.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy spear fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-D65747.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/304432.jpg
416405,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-800,"A complete copper-alloy annular bracelet/arm-ring probably of Bronze Age date. The bracelet, which has an internal diameter of 64.5mm, an external diameter of 81.8mm and a width of 16.6mm has a sub-triangular section with a flat inner side and rounded apex running around the centre of the outer side. The surfaces are heavily pitted and there is a crack at one point. The remaining original surface does not show any incised decoration however too much of the surface has been lost to definitively state whether it was decorated or not.











Similar plain and incised (Liss-type) bracelets in copper alloy are known from the Taunton phase (1,400 -1,200 BC) of the Bronze Age onwards, mainly from Southern Britain. They are comparatively rarer than tools and weapons. Similar examples were found in the Ebbesbourne Wake hoard (Moore and Rowlands 1972:63-5, Plate XV) and a hoard from Norton Fitzwarren (Needham in Ellis 1989:31-31, 36).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-04-17T23:00:00Z,,,,122.3,,81.8,,,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,,Dorset,,,,,,,SOM-517AF1,,SOM-517AF1.jpg,Bronze Age bracelet,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elburnett/SOM-517AF1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/306024.jpg
416686,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"Part of a copper alloy Bronze Age spearhead dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 BC - 1250 BC. Only the socket survives, so the shape of the blade is unknown. There are side loops half way along the socket which is circular in section. Most of one side of the socket is missing, and one of the loops is broken. It has a dark grey green patina. The socket is slightly tapering, suggesting that the fragment might be classified as Davis Group 6, 'developed side looped'.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-05-31T23:00:00Z,2010-09-09T23:00:00Z,,,33.18,,,19.7,58.4,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Farnsfield,SK6256,From a paper map,53.097611,-1.075528,SWYOR-6A0834,,PAS_1235_spear.jpg,spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1235_spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/305511.jpg
416898,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1250,-700,"A cast copper alloy awl or other leather working tool. The awl has a square cross section in the centre, from where the awl tapers to a rounded point at one end and aflattened point at the other - this flattened end was probably the tang and the tool would have been inserted into a wooden or bone handle. The patina on the awl is a deep even green. Together with the size and form of the awl, the patina suggests a late Bronze Age date (c. 1250-700 BC), although leather working tools did not change from this period through into the Roman period and even into the medieval period.","
Part of a larger collection purchased from a car boot sale. The seller informed the purchaser that the finds were from the Vale of The White Horse District, mostly around the Wantage area. Since no other provenance about these finds is known their archaeological value is limited, but we are grateful to the current owner recording this collection nonetheless.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-06-01T23:00:00Z,,,3.9,,,,46.58,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,,,,,BERK-A89238,,2010467.jpg,Bronze Age Awl: Awl,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2010467.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/305686.jpg
417032,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"Part of a bronze age side-looped, socketed spearhead, dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1250BC. It consists of a tapering, hollow shaft, broken at both ends, two flattened, lozenge-shaped side loops, and two short sections of the blade, most of which is missing. It is probable that the blade was leaf-shaped. What remains of the spearhead corresponds with Davis Groups 5 or 6. Davis (2017) notes that 'spearheads from the earlier MBA [Middle Bronze Age] were those with sockets extending into the blade, and with loops on the side of the socket'. He dates these 'to the Acton Park and Taunton phases, 1550-1250 BC', consequently this example has been dated similarly. The mid rib is D-shaped in section on one face and triangular in section on the other, probably as a result of a slight deformity in the casting mould. The spearhead has a dark green patina. It is 57.9mm long, 36.5mm wide and 17.7mm thick. It weighs 56.36gm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to the Scheme for educational use,Metal detector,2010-09-04T23:00:00Z,,,,56.36,,,17.7,57.9,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Scotter,SE9100,From a paper map,53.488853,-0.629955,SWYOR-BA47C3,,PAS_1249_spear.jpg,spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1249_spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/306033.jpg
417740,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1800,-1500,"A fragment from the body of a Bronze Age cast copper-alloy basal-looped spearhead. The socket is broken just below the base of the blade wings in a diagonal break that appears quite deliberate. The socket extends c. 28.3mm into the fragment. The midrib is more rounded on one side of the blade and has a more obvious ridge on the other. At the break to the blade a lozengiform cross-section is revealed, with the midrib section continuing in tapering flat triangles to each side. The bevel to the outside edges of the blade is c. 3.0mm. Naturally the loops are adjacent to the midrib, but almost seem like an afterthought rather than an integral feature. They are formed within a heavily scored area extending c. 30mm up the blade from the socket/blade junction. The perforations forming the loops begin between around 8 and 12mm up from the junction respectively. They are thin and oval. On the outer edge there is no integral loop plate. The unusual characteristics of this spearhead make its attribution as a basal-looped type tentative, although an example illustrated in Savory (1980, 175; ref. 232) is comparable. The edges of the fragment are slightly abraded but the piece otherwise survives in good condition. It has a general dull-grey patina with a few patches of green corrosion product, particularly at the break to the blade.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.64,,,13.1,41.25,1,Laura Burnett,Rob Webley,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Pitton and Farley,SU1832,From finder,51.087036,-1.744382,HAMP-FE1C52,,HAMP-FE1C52spearhead.jpg,Middle Bronze Age basal-looped spearhead,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-FE1C52spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/307072.jpg
417980,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A copper-alloy fragment of what may be a Bronze Age arrowhead. The object is lozenge shaped in section with two 'wings'. It tapers gradually to a point, although point is somewhat blunt. The arrowhead is solid, although it is clearly broken before the attachment end so it is difficult to determine whether it would originally have been socketed or tanged. It measures 37.99 mm long, 10.3 mm thick and weighs 7.7 grams. It has a rough green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-07-26T23:00:00Z,2010-09-27T23:00:00Z,,,7.7,,,10.3,37.99,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Worfield,SO7293,From finder,52.534138,-2.414213,WMID-3AE711,,WMID-3AE711.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy arrowhead fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-3AE711.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/306768.jpg
417986,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A broken copper-alloy socketed arrowhead of Bronze Age date. The arrowhead is lozenge shaped in section although the wings are damaged and are almost completely missing. The tip is also broken and missing. The socketed end, also broken, has an aperture of 7.66 mm. The arrowhead tapers from 11 mm wide at the socketed end to 7.55 mm at the broken point. It measures 52.95 mm long and weighs 15 grams. It has a smooth grey patina with green corrosion in places, particularly at the breaks.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-08-28T23:00:00Z,,,,15,,,11,52.95,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Birmingham,Birmingham,Sutton Trinity,SP1496,GPS (from the finder),52.56165608,-1.79491172,WMID-3B1420,,WMID-3B1420.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy arrowhead fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-3B1420.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/306773.jpg
418023,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A fragment of Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC) Socketed Axehead, consisting of the cutting edge only and broken just above the start of the socket on one face. It measures 30.45x18.20x(max)7.24mm and weighs 11.46g.


The cutting edge is expanded and worn but apparently undamaged. Both faces are pitted and the shorter looks 'caved in' at the edge - conducive with a hammer blow. All breaks are old.


The socket is rectangular in cross-section, and the fragment itself triangular in cross-section.


While the axehead is rather small, it is difficult to say whether or not it is 'votive'. It may have just had a use as a small axehead. However the probable hammer blow could well be ritualistic - although it could equally represent the scrapping of metal, the hoards of which are so prevalent during the Ewart Park phase (1000-800 BC).


Ben Roberts (British Museum) comments that although the form of the blade is different, it is similar to Miniature axeheads, which have a concentration in Wiltshire, and are datable from the Late Bronze Age to the Roman period.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2004-11-29T00:00:00Z,,,,11.46,,,7.24,30.45,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Avebury,SU1068,From finder,51.410936,-1.857607,WILT-3C9EB1,,Glastonbury1110axe.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Glastonbury1110axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/306810.jpg
418217,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-2000,"An incomplete cast copper flat axe dating from the early Bronze Age, from circa 2300 to 2000 BC. The axe is broken before the butt end and has a crescent shaped chunk missing at the break. It is very worn and suffers from corrosion, with a green copper corrosion product visible on both sides of the surface. The axe flares in width from 22.9 mm at the break to 57.14 mm at the widest point of the blade. It is 8.8 mm thick and weighs 122.5 grams. It would originally have been about 85 mm long, but is now 63.2 mm in length. Other than the areas of green corrosion the axe has a purple/brown patina and is very rough.","Post recording, Finder got the elemental composition of the flat axehead assessed. The results are: Ag = 0.746% with an error of 0.161 and Cu = 99.25% with an error of 0.97.",4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-07-26T23:00:00Z,2010-09-27T23:00:00Z,,,122.5,,,8,63.2,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Warwickshire,North Warwickshire,Middleton,SP1498,Generated from computer mapping software,52.579636,-1.794828,WMID-4F82A4,,WMID-4F82A4.jpg,Early Bronze Age copper-alloy flat axe,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-4F82A4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/306933.jpg
418477,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy axe tip, 54mm long, 33mm wide and 17mm thick. The object is in poor condition and weighs 91.5grams. The object consists of a very worn axe fragment with rounded blade, 5mm thick, tapering sides and a broken edge revealing a thick rectangular hollow body. The shape suggests it may be from a Palstave type axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,91.5,,4,17,54,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Blaby,Narborough,SP5299,From finder,52.58632674,-1.2339221,LEIC-63FF16,,63FF16.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy axe tip,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/63FF16.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/307101.jpg
418905,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-1700,"Fragment of an early Bronze Age flat axe, c. 2500- 1700 BC in date.











It is the blade and the lower part of the shaft which remains. It is corroded all over the surface and this has caused pitting. The blade edge is uneven with bits missing and worn away. The axe has a rectangular cross-section, narrowing towards the blade which splays out from the shaft. The blade measures 46.13mm in width, the shaft 27.97mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,102,,,10.77,54.7,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Pocklington,SE8049,Centred on parish,53.930955,-0.783059,DUR-8DF7F1,,a.mclaughlan axe DUR-8DF7F1.jpg,DUR-8DF7F1,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/frances/a.mclaughlan axe DUR-8DF7F1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/307352.jpg
419691,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1200,"A broken copper alloy Middle Bronze Age rapier tip, dating to c.1200BC. The rapier has a central rib.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,West Hanney 2009,,,,2.36,37.79,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,East Hanney,SU4192,From a paper map,51.625331,-1.409116,BERK-E52E57,,746. Middle Bronze age Rapier Tip PTkt.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Rapier Tip,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/746. Middle Bronze age Rapier Tip PTkt.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/308013.jpg
420322,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"
A fragment of cast copper alloy blade of Bronze Age date.






The blade is lentoid in section with one original edge still present. The original form, size and shape of the object is obscured by the current fragmentary and damaged state of the object.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.68,,,,40,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Stoke Bruerne,SP7447,Centred on parish,52.116378,-0.920703,NARC-207036,,NARC-207036 c.jpg,NARC-207036,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-207036 c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/308504.jpg
420931,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of a basel-side-looped middle Bronze age spear head, dating to 1500-1100 BC. The point of the spear head is missing, but the socket which would have fitted onto the spear is present. The socket is hollow and conical, flaring towards the bottom. Two C-shaped attachment loops sit on either side nearer to the base, with flattened tops.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12,,,1.62,43.19,1,Fran Lalor,Graeme Kettlewell,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Horncastle,TF2668,,53.194165,-0.115441,NCL-7437E6,,IMG_5554.jpg,Bronze Age side-looped spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/IMG_5554.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/309138.jpg
421182,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A cast copper-alloy palstave of middle Bronze Age date. The axe is in reasonable condition, although there is damage to the butt, some of which is missing, and other scuff marks on the blade and body of the axe. The palstave is fairly short and chunky with maximum dimensions of 96.86 mm long, 43.39 mm wide, 24.06 mm thick and 200.5 grams in weight. A U shaped flange is situated at the butt end of the axe, terminating in a stop ridge at the palstave's thickest point. On both sides, immediately after the stop ridge there are angled grooves which form a 'shield' or lozenge shaped central rib which continues in a subtle way down the blade of the axe after the grooves finish. The blade is slightly faceted and is crescent shaped in plan, triangular in profile. The axe has a dark grey patina with areas of green corrosion where it has been damaged, particularly on one edge, the blade and at the butt and septum, though it is pock marked with corrosion at many points.



The palstave has its closest parallel illustrated in Schmidt and Burgess (1981: pl. 61. no.833) which is a defined as a group 3 low flanged palstave dating to c. 1400-1150 cal BC. No exact parallels are illustrated by Rowlands (1976: pl. 86 hoard 73 item 5) although he considers recessed decoration similar in form to be a developed shield pattern found on Class 1 group 5 palstaves found typically in Hampshire. it is appropriate to suggest that this therefore fits within the larger developed shield pattern group within this study thought to also date to c, 1400-1150 cal BC. A less squat form on the database is BERK-CD4525",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,200.5,,,24.06,96.86,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Milton,SP4534,From finder,52.00262261,-1.34589441,WMID-883627,,WMID-883627.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eloisemarkwick/WMID-883627.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/417050.jpg
421886,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A cast, copper alloy fragment of a spearhead dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age, about 1550 - 800BC. The mid-rib of the blade is circular in section, tapering to the point, and continuing to the tip of the blade. The blade on both sides of the mid-rib is damaged, pieces having chipped away. The object has a light green patina. It is 47.8mm long, 15.2mm wide and 7.6mm thick. It weighs 11.24gm. Similar spear points can be found on the database at references BH-22B835 and BH-446B54.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-10-02T23:00:00Z,,,,11.24,,,7.6,47.8,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Wetwang,SE9059,From a paper map,54.019167,-0.627852,SWYOR-0A11C3,,PAS_1258_spear.jpg,a Bronze Age spear point,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wakefield/PAS_1258_spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/309725.jpg
421971,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"
A small fragment of a copper alloy unidentified object which may date from the Bronze Age. The fragment is triangular in plan and slightly curved in section. The edges are rounded and worn. One end is thicker than the other. It has a well developed green patina. Though it is not possible to say what object this is part of, the wear, metal and patina suggest a Bronze Age date. Though not associated, the fact that a Bronze Age spear tip was found in an adjacent field may be significant.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-10-02T23:00:00Z,,,,3.9,,,4.7,23.68,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Wetwang,SE9059,From a paper map,54.019167,-0.627852,SWYOR-206D77,,PAS_1263_BA.jpg,Bronze Age unidentified object,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1263_BA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/309952.jpg
422248,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-700,"Pointed end of a square-sectioned Bronze Age copper alloy awl. The object is 26mm long, 4mm wide, 4mm thick and weighs 1.7g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-19T23:00:00Z,,,,1.7,,,4,26,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Kirby Bellars,SK7117,GPS (from the finder),52.74596864,-0.94965856,LEIC-E30F04,,CAD2181c.jpg,CAD2181c,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD2181c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/310419.jpg
422259,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-700,"Irregular copper alloy object, probably a casting sprue. The flared upper surface is slightly concave, beneath this is a tapering extension suggesting passage of the molten metal into the mould. The object is 20mm long, 17mm wide, 20mm thick and weighs 8.9g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-10-09T23:00:00Z,,,,8.9,,,20,20,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Hoby with Rotherby,SK6717,GPS (from the finder),52.746478,-1.008904,LEIC-E3FCA7,,CAD2194c.jpg,CAD2194c,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD2194c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/310435.jpg
422710,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy fragment of a sword, comprised of the tip end of the blade only. The fragment is triangular in plan with a slightly rounded end. It has a shallow lozenge-shaped cross section. It is 38.21mm long, 13.51mm wide and 2.95mm thick at the break. It weighs 5.55 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,,5.55,,,2.95,38.21,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,White Roothing,TL5713,From finder,51.793621,0.275161,ESS-45CDA7,,ESS-45CDA7.jpg,ESS-45CDA7 Bronze Age sword blade fragment,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-45CDA7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/311589.jpg
422831,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A heavily abraded cast bronze un-looped palstave with central rib below the stop ridge and raised flange facets of Middle Bronze Age dating (1500 - 1100 BC).











The palstave measures 148.24mm in length, maximum surviving blade width is 52.95mm, socket width is 27.37mm and it is 23.41mm thick. It weighs 357 grams.


The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with convex expanding sides and a probable convex blade edge. The cutting edge has been lost. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being in front of  the stop ridge. The surviving blade length (measured from the blade edge to the stop ridge) is 82.62mm,  and the surviving width of blade edge is 52.95mm. The thickness of the blade tip is 5.01mm. The maximum thickness of the blade is 14.60mm (measured at a point below the stop ridge; the width at this point is 29.89mm). Beneath the stop-ridge, on one side of the palstave, is a tapering central raised rib. This rib extends approximately half way down the length of the blade, the point of termination has been lost through abrasion. The surface on the other side has been lost through abrasion, it is possible that a shield shaped motif was present. The convex cutting edge of the blade is lost through corrosion, abrasion and probably wear. The exposed edge is asymmetric with one side of the blade being more worn than the other. This may be due to considerable movement in the ploughsoil and corrosion. 


The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part behind the stop ridge. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is 63.60mm long, 21.24mm wide and 6.20mm thick. The butt of the axe has been damaged and is incomplete. The width at the butt is 23.94mm. The flange facets are fused to the stop ridge forming two raised elements to haft the axe by. The facets on each side of the axe are similar to each other, however one side retains more of the original surface. Two air bubbles, or casting flaws, are present on the more abraded side.


The palstave is a light - mid green colour with areas of thick well formed patina and exposed areas of abraded metal. It is likely that abrasion and corrosion has spread and affected 40% of the surface of the axe. However, this corrosion seems to be relatively stable at present and relatively few areas of light green active powdery corrosion can be observed, mainly along the blade edge. These areas should be monitored to ensure that further active corrosion does not occur. The septum has retained the majority of the original surface patina, unlike more exposed areas, where it has flaked off due to abrasion.











This form and style of palstave fits into the Acton Park metal working tradition which is dated to the first phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA I) 1450-1250 BC, Needham's Period 5 (1500 - 1150 BC) (Needham, 1996, pp133). Several comparative examples of this type of palstave have been published. These consist of  #797, a Type Coed Llan related example from Yorkshire (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, pp128); #650 from Bardon Hill, Leicestershire (Rowlands, 1976, pp315); #153 from St Fagans, Glamorgan (Savory, 1980, pp104) and #155 from Llanfedw, Glamorgan (Savory, 1980, pp105). Three similar examples have been recorded on the PAS database from Staffordshire (LVPL-3EFEA7 from Biddulph; WMID-AC04C7 from Cheadle; WMID-262202 from King's Bromley).











References:











Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140











Rowlands, M.J. (1976) The Organisation of Middle Bronze Age Metalworking. British Archaeological Reports 3I(i) & (ii). Oxford.











Savory, H.N. (1981) Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff.











Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. B. (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abeiltung IX. Band 7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-11-17T00:00:00Z,,,,357,,,23.41,148.24,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Thorpe Constantine,SK2508,GPS (from the finder),52.669139,-1.63174544,WAW-496181,,WAW-496181_7.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WAW-496181_7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/310818.jpg
423415,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A copper alloy socket from a Bronze Age Sickle. The socket is conical with a rounded end and the mouth is complete with a slightly bevelled edge. There is an irregular hole in one side of the socket. The start of a blade with curved ribs projects to one side and points downwards. The ribs are on both faces and are matched. The object is broken across the blade. It has a well developed mottled green patina.



According to Fox's 1939 paper in The Prehistoric Society Journal, socketed sickles can have lateral or vertical sockets. This one is laterally socketed (which seems to be more common), but is a little more unusual in have ins closed top to the socket, but with the blade hardly projecting over the top of the socket. This example is most similar to Fox's suggested phases of development 4 or 5, and the ridged decoration on the blade seems similar to sickles believed to have developed in Ireland. Fox suggests that the earliest sickles developed in the lowlands of the UK, then spreading to Ireland and the Highland zones. The main distribution in 1939 was in South Wales, East Anglia, Ireland and Eastern Scotland, with a notable scarcity of examples from the Midlands and Northern England.



The sickle has some similarities with two sickles in Evans's Bronze Age implement corpus (1881). He illustrates two ribbed examples; fig 236 Near Errol, Perthshire and 237 Garvagh, Derry, page 200. The former is the most similar (Peter Reavill pers comm). These sickles are better known in Ireland and East Anglia and are comparatively rare elsewhere (Laura McLean pers comm). There is also an example in Devizes Museum (Katie Hinds pers comm). A Middle to Late Bronze Age date of 1500 BC - 800 BC has been suggested.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-25T23:00:00Z,2010-10-02T23:00:00Z,,,31.44,,,18.7,40.2,1,Peter Reavill,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Cawood,SE6037,From a paper map,53.825814,-1.089961,SWYOR-AEEB45,,PAS_1279_ferrule.jpg,Unidentified object,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1279_ferrule.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/311240.jpg
424024,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-700,"A fragment of a Middle Bronze Age sword. Only the tip remains, which judging from the neat linear break across the base, was intentionally cut from the body of the spear in antiquity.











The fragment is triangular in plan with a slightly rounded tip. The body of the fragment is flat, circa 2mm in thickness and tapers according to the cutting edges. The cutting edges are circa 3mm in width and are abraded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-14T00:00:00Z,,,St Mary's Bacton March 2010,,,,2,34,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Bacton,TM0266,From finder,52.255072,0.958108,LIN-D80BC8,,LIN9991.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN9991.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/311639.jpg
425116,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A very worn and corroded, incomplete cast copper-alloy object, probably a gouge of Bronze Age. The artefact is sub-rectangular in shape and a shallow U-shaped in cross-section at one end, becoming circular at the other. One end is open (socketed) and there is a recess extending from this end into the body of the object which has a dark orange-brown mineralisation within the socket similar to DOR-FD5EF4 on this database. The artefact has a dark-brown patina in places, the majority on the concave recess and partially over the semicircular curve. There is evidence of pitting and the metal now has a light-mid green colour as it has suffered from bronze disease.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2010-11-16T00:00:00Z,,,25.66,,,14.5,54.95,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Hook,SU7454,Generated from computer mapping software,51.280346,-0.940408,HAMP-58C596,,HAMP-58C596gouge.jpg,Late Bronze Age gouge (probably),Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-58C596gouge.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/312372.jpg
425247,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Slightly convex fragment of copper alloy cast with two short sprues, sub-circular in section and 14mm long with rounded tips. The sprues splay outwards away from each other. The reverse surface of the convex plate is rough, while the outsdie edge has been air cooled. The plate is 43mm x 30mm and broken on all four sides.






Peter Northgate of Oxford University has identified this as a late Bronze Age casting for a small spear socket.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.25,16,,,43,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Creaton,SP6972,From a paper map,52.341747,-0.988619,NARC-5E5E86,,NARC-5E5E86 c.jpg,NARC-5E5E86,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-5E5E86 c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/312760.jpg
426639,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,50,"A corroded and bent cast copper-alloy awl probably of Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age date. The awl is 63.5mm long overall and has a thickened centre 5.9mm dia. and tapers to a point at one end. The opposite end is square in section, shorter (18.45mm long) and tapers from 4.45mm to 2.85mm width.  This end probably took a wooden handle.  The pointed end has been bent to one side.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-11-27T00:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - Stone (27/11/10),5.53,,5.9,,63.5,1,Paul Wragg,Paul Wragg,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Stone with Bishopstone and Hartwell,SP7811,Generated from computer mapping software,51.792225,-0.870458,HAMP-19FD24,,HAMP-19FD24awl.jpg,Bronze Age awl (possibly),Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-19FD24awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/314788.jpg
426775,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"
A Middle Bronze Age, copper-alloy palstave axehead. No further information recorded.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,20,80,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,South Hams,Stoke Gabriel,SX8657,From finder,50.401786,-3.605443,DEV-2FE173,,,,,,,
427920,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1400,"Blade fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axehead of Bronze Age date (1700-1400 BC). Probable Needham class B.











A large steeply curved crescent shaped blade. Broken after the crescentic edges, revealing the horizontal inner groove.











A dark brown patina with several spots of probable bronze disease.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,70.89,,,13,60,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Nassington,TL0596,GPS (from the finder),52.551727,-0.452833,NARC-AB2430,,NARC-AB2430 c.jpg,bronzeageaxe,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-AB2430 c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/315082.jpg
428077,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A copper alloy Bronze Age axe fragment, probably dating to the Middle Bronze Age c. 1500-1150 BC. The fragment is part of the blade of a socketed axe bearing clear hammer marks on one side. There are grinding striations. The base of the socket is 17.5mm from a worn edge. Asymmetrical casting with casting seam.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,West Hanney 2009,59.36,,,,32.73,1,David Williams,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,West Hanney,SU4092,From a paper map,51.625402,-1.423561,BERK-C20087,,541PortionOf Axe PTkt.jpg,Fragment of Bronze Age Axe,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/541PortionOf Axe PTkt.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/315327.jpg
429175,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A late Bronze Age socketed incomplete axe head (1150-800BC).  The fragment comprises the blade and part of the body.  The axe head is hollow to a depth of 17.35mm (approximately half way down its length).  The blade expands and there are blade tip hollows to either side.  There are no traces of hammer or file marks along the blade suggesting this axe was never sharpened.






Dimensions: length: 51.48mm; blade width: 59.08mm; width of body: 39.75mm; thickness: 22.49mm; weight: 133.47g.","
This axe head was possibly miscast or cut into pieces for recasting.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,133.47,,,22.49,51.48,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,London,Greater London Authority,Bexley,Erith,TQ5178,,51.480805,0.173141,LON-8EE167,,Dunford-BAAxe-Apr08.jpg,A late Bronze Age socketed incomplete axe head ,Museum of London,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/Dunford-BAAxe-Apr08.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/316437.jpg
429704,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-900,"A complete Late Bronze Age cast copper-alloy tanged chisel (1150 BC-800 BC).
 
It is triangular in form and rectangular in cross-section. The tang flares out for a distance of about 32.0mm and then flares more widely to the cutting edge. The cutting edge is evenly rounded in plan and is steeply 'V'-shaped in side view. Each side of the tang has an uneven surface.
 
The surfaces have a mid-brown patina with some bubbly corrosion products. There is a small area of iron staining on one face close to the cutting edge.
 
52.2 x 40.0 x 4.6mm. Weight: 20.29g.
 
The implement probably belongs to the earlier period of the Late Bronze Age (pers. comm., Peter Reavill, 16/02/2011.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-12T00:00:00Z,,,,20.29,,,4.6,52.2,1,David W Williams,Frank Basford,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Gurnard,SZ4894,GPS (from the finder),50.74363,-1.321067,IOW-BD7F42,,IOW2011-2-64.JPG,Late Bronze Age Chisel,Isle of Wight Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fbasford/IOW2011-2-64.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/317055.jpg
430129,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"
Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axehead.
","
This record was originally left unfinished and has been updated and promoted so that it can be of use to researchers. It falls below our current standards for recording and identification.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,South Hams,Ivybridge,SX6356,Centred on parish,50.38788286,-3.92853118,DEV-265F11,,pa;stave axe ivybridge.jpg,PalstaveaxeheadDevon,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/pa;stave axe ivybridge.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/317562.jpg
432217,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Tip of a narrow-bladed Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe or chisel. The object is in fair condition, is 25mm long, 23mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 18.47g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1992-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,18.47,,,7,25,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Queniborough,SK6512,From finder,52.701781,-1.039515,LEIC-141478,,CAD307c.jpg,Bronze age axehead or chisel,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD307c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/319246.jpg
432986,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"Bronze age copper alloy awl. It has an elongated eliptical shape, and consists of a square-sectioned, copper alloy spike which tapers at both ends. Both ends are slightly damaged. It may be the blade of a hand tool (missing its handle). The object is in fair condition, is 47mm long, 4mm wide, 5mm thick and weighs 3.29g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-10-04T23:00:00Z,,,,3.29,,,5,47,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Barkby Thorpe,SK6308,From finder,52.666063,-1.069872,LEIC-7D2775,,CAD802c.jpg,Bronze Age awl,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD802c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/320016.jpg
432989,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2350,1650,"Copper alloy button-like object, possibly Bronze Age. The upper surface has a series of concentric ridges around a central pellet in a round depression. The rear face has an attachment loop formed by a semi-circular loop. The object is in good condition, is 18 mm diameter, 8mm thick and weighs 5.29g.","Pre P.A.S. record, recorded by Bob Rutland, ref. no. M13329/B3. Bob Rutland unconvinced that BA. Similar to BA items displayed at Flag Fen; details sent 1999 to Flag Fen but no reply.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1993-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,5.29,,18,8,,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Wymeswold,SK5924,From finder,52.810328,-1.126141,LEIC-7D7AC3,,CAD661c.jpg,Bronze age button-like object,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD661c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/320021.jpg
433217,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A complete, but concreted, Middle Bronze Age cast copper-alloy palstave axehead from the Acton Park (phase 2) or Taunton phases, probably Taunton (c. 1500 - c. 1150 BC). It is unlooped with high, curved flanges (max. H.: 26.9mm), fused to the stop ridge. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) measures 70.3mm by c. 16mm. The width at the butt is 19.45mm. The flanges start to rise gradually from the butt, reaching a maximum height of c. 9.6mm above the septum. The stop ridge is stands c. 6mm above the septum. There is a shield shaped moulding beyond the stop ridge, and fused to it, on both faces (c. 19.5 by 18.0mm). This is bisected by a moulding ridge (seam) running the length of the axehead on both faces (including the septum); this starts on the lower blade and terminates before the butt. Each side of the ridge, within the shield, are two moulded longitudinal decorative ridges (forming a slight trident). There are further longitudinal ridges (casting seams) central on the sides; these have been finished by trimming the casting flash and hammering. The blade is 52.7mm across, with an edge bevel c. 9mm long (but obscured by accretions).  The object has suffered mild corrosion, and slight abrasions to one of the flanges. Where it survives the patina is dark brown; the metal is generally a mid-brown colour, slightly reddish. Spread all over the palstave are orange concretions presumably from local iron deposits.



The palstave fits into Rowlands' Class 1, developed shield pattern Group 2 palstaves; many developed shield pattern palstaves have been found in the Southampton area (ibid., 29), perhaps in emulation of what is generally an East Anglian form. This form of axehead fits within the corpus from the later Middle Bronze Age (MBA II), of metalworking tradition phase VIII / IX, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 5 1500-1150CAL. BC. It fits best within the Taunton metalworking tradition although has elements common with those seen with the second phase of the Acton Park tradition. The Rowlands distribution of these is useful, but as his corpus was produced in 1976 it does not include more recent Middle Bronze Age finds which might refine it. A similarly decorated shield can be seen on a palstave from Bottisham, Cambs, illustrated in Rowlands (1976, 293/Plate 27; ref. 339). There are many examples of palstaves with cast ribs on the septum, however the majority of these are grouped in threes rather than singly as on this example; a good parallel can be seen on a palstave from a hoard of 14 from Quex Park, Birchington, Hertfordshire (ibid., 246/Plate 10; ref. 10). This hoard seems to have been contained within a globular 'Deveral Rimbury style' urn.","
Thanks to Peter Reavill (Shropshire FLO) for his help with description and parallels
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-12-20T00:00:00Z,,,,310,,,26.9,155.7,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bishops Waltham,SU5616,Generated from computer mapping software,50.940731,-1.204339,HAMP-9FE7C0,,HAMP-9FE7C0palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-9FE7C0palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/320858.jpg
433341,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of uncertain type and probably of Ewart Park metalworking industry dated to 950 - 750BC (Needham 1996).



The axe is fragmentary, represented by the blade only (with a surviving length of 42.32mm and a weight of 87.4g). The axe is of sub-hexagonal section at the break (with a width of 44.3mm and a thickness of 9.7mm). One face of the axe is considerably thicker than the other (4.8mm compared to 2.9mm) because of misalignment of the core during casting, which may have caused weaknesses in the axe. The sides are moderately straight to concave for the short surviving section before diverging to the blade edge. The casting seams are discernible on the sides and appear to have been hammer-finished. The blade edge has been lost but was curved (with a surviving width of 47.3mm). The socket of the axe is now closed and both faces are concave across their widths, indicating that the axes faces were crushed. Both faces also display numerous battering marks and the thinner face has torn through the battering. Sharpening striations are evident running along the blade. The surface has a dark green patina where it survives and is pale green elsewhere.



Socketed axes can date to the Wilburton metalworking phase of the Late Bronze Age, dated to c. 1150-950BC although most recovered socketed axes are of EwartPark phase. The axe may have been of South Wales (Stogursey) type although the blade is comparatively broad for the type.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-03-11T00:00:00Z,,,,87.4,,,,42.32,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Bridgend,Bridgend,Pencoed,SS9480,,51.508954,-3.528785,NMGW-A4F441,,2009.140.1.jpg,Socketed Axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2009.140.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/320344.jpg
433463,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1900,"A cast copper-alloy axehead of early Bronze Age date. The axehead is incomplete, missing the end of the butt. It is of late Migdale metalworking tradition, dating to Stage III of the early Bronze Age, spanning Needham's Period 2, c. 2,300 to 2,050 BC and the beginning of Period 3, c. 2050 to 1700 BC (Needham 1996, 127 - 130). The axehead suffers from damage to the tip and edges of the blade. This is probably post-depositional, as the patina on the breaks differs from that of the undamaged parts of the axe. The same can probably be said of the damage at the butt, although the damage here does not appear to have occurred very recently. Although damaged, the blade is convex in shape and the sides of the axe are slightly convex, tapering towards the butt and flaring towards the blade. There are very slight ridges at either edge of the face on both sides. A ridge also runs down each edge of the axe, making it pointed lozenge shaped in section. The axe tapers gradually in thickness from 9.99 mm at the broken butt end to 3.63 mm at the blade. Both faces exhibit faint longitudinal markings which run from the broken butt to the tip of the blade.  On other examples these are decorative rather than evidence for sharpening, as they appear to be cast and sometimes terminate before the blade (see DENO-93FB17 for example, on this database). These are probably also decorative on this example. Striations, probably caused by sharpening, are also visible on the blade. 











The axehead measures 119.5 mm in length, 32.6 mm wide at the broken point of the butt and 89 mm wide at the widest part of the blade. It weighs 331.3 grams. It has a dark brown patina with considerable evidence for wear. There are areas of green bronze corrosion at the tip of the blade and the break at the butt, as well in small areas of the face. The axehead probably dates to between 2100 and 1900 BC,",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-11-01T00:00:00Z,2010-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,331.3,,,9.99,119.5,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Hamstall Ridware,SK1118,Generated from computer mapping software,52.759497,-1.838439,WMID-DCC172,,WMID-DCC172.jpg,Early Bronze Age copper-alloy flat axe,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-DCC172.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/320418.jpg
435317,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,400,"Copper alloy (bronze) casting waste of uncertain date; most probably Mid - Late Bronze Age (1500-700 BC). However, due to the lack of context and the continuation of casting styles this artefact could be dated from Bronze Age - Roman period (c. 1500 BC - 450 AD). This fragment is from the neck (funnel / well) of a composite probably two part mould. The casting waste is conical; being oval in plan and D shaped in cross section. In profile the edges of the waste taper relatively evenly. The base of the casting waste is irregular with the remains (nipples) of two runners / casting jets being present. These jets / runners are heavily abraded. The sides show no evidence of casting seams although they are also similarly abraded. The upper surface is pitted and rough, although heavily patinated: at the centre of the upper surface is a slight depression. This surface is commonly seen where the metal is poured into the neck of the mould and shrinks on cooling. The casting waste is a mid green colour with an abraded and corroded patina that covers all surfaces. Casting waste is very hard to date in isolation but the patina and form might suggest a Bronze Age - Roman date. The fact that this mould comes to an oval broken edge may suggest that it was for casting a palstave or possibly a tool; it is most likely to date from the Middle Bronze Age. A direct comparison has not been found. The survival of casting waste is relatively rare as it is usually recycled swiftly as a bi-product of casting.





The casting waste measures: 38.2mm length, is 30.0mm wide and 17.1mm thick. It weighs 55.46 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,55.46,,,17.1,38.2,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Lucton,SO4464,,52.271288,-2.82209935,HESH-B55DB1,,HESH-B55DB1.jpg,Bronze Age: Casting Waste,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/preavill/HESH-B55DB1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/324411.jpg
435520,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Cast Bronze Age sword, broken in two pieces. Probably Ewart Park, c.1100- 800 BC.


Although it is in two pieces, it is complete except for the hilt, which has broken at the shoulder, it is missing the grip and finial.


The edges of the blade are slightly damaged, and the tip appears slightly bent. It widens at the mid-blade point, before narrowing towarsd the waist. The waist and start of the mid-blade are also the thickest part, with a raised mid-rib.


From the waist the sword widens, at the ricasso, giving the lozenge-shaped start of the hilt. One side is broken. On the more complete side, two circular holes are visible at the edge.


It appears to have been broken deliberately before deposition. There is some damage at the hilt, partly due to bronze corrosion, but possibly due to mis-casting.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-03-13T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Brompton,SE9482,Centred on parish,54.225102,-0.559675,DUR-CBD092,,DUR-CBD092_both.jpg,Bronze Age Sword,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/frances/DUR-CBD092_both.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/322059.jpg
435732,Palstave,Bronze Age,,,,,"Denuded copper alloy unlooped palstave in two fragments, found some years ago in the top of a mound (GAT PRN 26156) at the above NGR whilst using a metal detector. 
 
The palstave has a flaring blade, although the cutting edge is no longer present and one tip is missing. The rounded stop-ridge is well-defined and a clear individual mid-rib runs from the stop-ridge towards the cutting edge of the blade (the terminus of the rib is unclear due to surface corrosion). Both features are extant on either side of the palstave, but are heavily eroded on one face only. The butt has also suffered significant damage from corrosion.
 
The palstave was cast-in-one and the total length would have been c. 145-50mm. The blade is sub-oval shape in cross-section with a protrusion in the centre of each face where the mid-rib runs across the surface. 
 
The fracture does not appear fresh, although it is unclear whether the item was found in two separate pieces or whether the break has occurred since its discovery. The surface appears to have been cleaned with an abrasive item such as wire wool, although a dark grey patina remains in places. The majority of the surface is pitted with green-tinged depressions and the palstave appears to have developed a defined waist as a result of corrosion c. 20mm from the stop-ridge.
 
The palstave appears to belong to the Acton Park industry, which emerged in north Wales at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age. Although fine detail is difficult to discern on this item, it bears similarities to unlooped palstaves found at Holyhead Mountain, Ynys Môn; Fron-hir, Llanbister, Radnorshire; and those from Acton, Denbigh. (Savory 1980)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,174.7,,,16.7,141.5,1,Nina Steele,Nina Steele,Wales,Conwy,Conwy,Trefriw,SH7660,Generated from computer mapping software,53.12270772,-3.85444953,GAT-0921C3,,PRN_24143010.JPG,Bronze Age Axe (side A view),Gwynedd Archaeological Trust ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rflook/PRN_24143010.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/530328.jpg
437199,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"Bronze age (Taunton phase?) copper alloy chisel fragment, 23mm long, 19mm wide and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 10.86 grams. The object consists of the tip of the chisel and is rectangular in form and triangular in section. The tip is quite worn and un-even and the interior has a sub circular void.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.86,,,6,23,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Stagsden,SP9950,,52.13943539,-0.55483573,LEIC-B261C6,,B261C6.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy chisel fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/B261C6.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/323566.jpg
437249,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2400,-1700,"Cast copper alloy flat axe dating from the very Early Bronze Age c. 2400-1500BC. The axehead is sub triangular in plan with a wide curved blade which tapers to a curved butt and is rectangular in section and there are no signs of a stop ridge. It has a rounded butt and a flared cutting edge with concave shoulders. The axe is worn with a flat, rectangular body that gradually tapers towards the butt end and the middle section is missing. Judging from the slightly tapering sides it is probably an earlier flat axe (that is from c. 2400-1700BC) rather than a later one from the Migdale metalworking tradition named after two sites in Scotland. The axe has patches of a brownish patina; the surface is smooth and in good condition. The length of the butt section is 60mm and the width 40mm and the length of the blade section is 90mm and the width 30mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2011-02-05T00:00:00Z,,,,18.93,,,6,90,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Rimington,SD8244,From finder,53.89186226,-2.27536943,LANCUM-B3C250,,LANCUM-B3C250.jpg,"Cast copper alloy flat axe dating from the Early Bronze Age, that is c. 2150-1500BC",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM-B3C250.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/390418.jpg
437304,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2150,410,"A fragment of copper alloy, probable casting waste, possibly of Bronze Age dating (2150 BC to 800 BC). However, due to the lack of context and continuation of casting styles, this fragment could be dated from the Bronze Age through to the Roman Period (c.2150 BC - 410 AD).



The fragment is sub triangular in plan, and roughly D shaped in cross section. It has an irregular, rough surface. It is most likely part of a copper ingot, prior to being smelted and cast. It is a mid to dark green colour. A couple of small areas of iron staining, probably due to impurities in the copper. An even patina covers the surface.


It measures 43.87mm in length, 24.86mm wide and 12.81mm thick. It weighs 36.8 grams.




In appearance, the fragment does display some similarities to a barbed and tanged arrowhead shape. However arrowheads made from copper alloy are incredibly rare and tend to be almost flat in profile, it is highly improbable that this fragment is a Bronze Age arrowhead. Due to the weight and appearance of the fragment, it is more likely that it is a small piece of a copper ingot, produced from the smelting of the copper ore, in preparation for casting. Casting waste is very hard to date in isolation but the patina and  form might suggest a Bronze Age - Roman date. A direct comparison has not been  found. The survival of casting waste is relatively rare as it is usually  recycled swiftly as a bi-product of casting.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,36.8,,,12.81,43.87,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,North West,Lancashire,West Lancashire,ORMSKIRK,SD3807,From a paper map,53.555945,-2.937373,LVPL-C31844,,LVPL-C31844.jpg,Bronze Age to Roman: Casting waste,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/LVPL-C31844.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/325488.jpg
437784,Adze,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age Palstave Adze. The cutting edge is on the vertical and is heavily abraded and corroded. In plan it is a slender elongated triangle which is slightly swollen along the centre of the lateral edges. The butt is also heavily abraded and corroded. The butt portion has a rectangular cell with an open end at the butt on the upper and lower face, thereby forming a 'H' shaped section. In profile the adze is a sub asymmetrical lozenge, with the butt tapering to a blunt point, and the blade portion of the adze having slightly concave sides and expanding in width at the blade. The surface of the adze has a well developed shiny mid orange/brown patina which is incomplete. It measures 111.29mm in length with a cutting edge 18.38mm wide, is 16.21mm wide across the butt/blade junction and weighs 113.5g. 


A very similar example has been recorded from Brokenborough, Wiltshire (WILT-DBCAF4) and on this example Brendan O'Connor commented:





'This is a type known to Evans (Ancient bronze implements, p 85, figs  70-1).  One of these is illustrated by Rowlands, The production and  distribution of metalworking the Middle Bronze Age in southern Britain,  pl 34, 1110'.





The Middle Bronze Age dates between c. 1500-1150 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,113.5,,,16.21,111.29,1,Dot Boughton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Tanworth-in-Arden,SP1470,GPS (from the finder),52.327917,-1.795993,WAW-F2B395,,WAW-F2B395.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave Adze,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-F2B395.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/324079.jpg
437984,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1700,"A copper alloy early Bronze Age flat axe, dating from c. 2150- 1700 BC. In plan, from the square (incomplete?) butt  end the width gently expands to the blade end and then curves out at a  greater angle to the corners of the blade. The blade edge and tips are  damaged. In section, the axe is sub rectangular and there are no ridge /  stop or flanges. It tapers in thickness towards the blade and the butt. The sides are slightly rounded. It is  corroded over most of the surface and this has caused pitting. The blade  edge is uneven with bits missing and worn away. Small areas of the original surface and patina survive on the blade on both faces. There are diagonal scratched lines or striations one the surviving patina on one face, and transverse striations on the other face. The striations are usually the result of grinding the blade to sharpen it. Where it survives, the patina is a smooth glossy olive green. Compare DUR-8DF7F1 and DENO-8FC3A2.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-07-31T23:00:00Z,2010-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,152.07,,,9.58,102.02,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,Hemsworth,SE4112,Generated from computer mapping software,53.602967,-1.381888,SWYOR-42AC71,,PAS_1359_axe.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1359_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/324713.jpg
438218,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy blade tip. The fragment is sub-triangular with curved edges tapering into a point. It has an elongated oval cross section. 36.66mm long, 14.07mm wide, 3.10mm thick. 5.5 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-03-27T00:00:00Z,,,"The Rodings, Essex",5.1,,,3.1,36.66,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Margaret Roding,TL5910,Recorded at a rally,51.766105,0.302764,ESS-57A383,,MR205a.jpg,ESS-57A383 Bronze Age blade tip,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/MR205a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/325749.jpg
438500,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age 'tongue' shaped scabbard chape. The surviving section is an elongated trapezoid in plan and it has a  narrow hexagonal cross section.There is damage to both ends. There is a pronounced central rib running along the front and back face. It has a mid-green patina.The artefact is damaged, with recent damage seen on one face in the form of several dents revealing the copper colour below the patina.It is 69.89mm long, 27.40mm wide tapering to 17.69mm, and it is 10.27mm thick tapering to 9.63mm. The walls are 1.35mm thick. It weighs 33.69 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,2006-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,33.69,,,,69.89,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Hatfield Broad Oak,TL5516,From finder,51.82113,0.247525,ESS-6B22A3,,ESS-6B22A3.jpg,ESS-6B22A3 Bronze Age scabbard,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-6B22A3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/324815.jpg
438619,Spear,Bronze Age,,,,,"Copper alloy spearhead in two pieces. It is solid for 70mm from the tip, beyond that the object is hollow. The socket is lozenge shaped. The blade does not have a prominent mid-rib but is a smooth narrow lozenge in section. The narrowness of the form suggests this maybe the tip of a lunate-opening spearhead the date of this piece is therefore likely to be about 1000 cal BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42,,,9.11,142.32,1,Roland Flook,Roland Flook,Wales,Gwynedd,Gwynedd,Dyffryn Ardudwy,SH5820,From finder,52.75889,-4.105718,GAT-704577,,Tal y bont BA spearhead series 3 026.jpg,late Bronze Age spearhead,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rflook/Tal y bont BA spearhead series 3 026.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/324599.jpg
439378,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle-Bronze age copper alloy spear-head, 172mm long and 31mm at the widest point of the blade. The blade has a 2mm wide point and is sub triangular in form, having long tapering edges which terminate in a shallow curve. It has a thin mid rib which widens to a 14mm diameter at the start of the shaft, terminating at 20mm at its base, some of which is missing. The shaft holds two lozingiform rectangular sectioned loops, 13mm long which sit very close to the surface. The object is in fair condition, with some corrosion and is missing parts of its original surface.",Very similar to NMGW-A67EA6 and BERK-2D0061.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-15T23:00:00Z,,,,82.38,,20,,172,1,Wendy Scott,Emily Woolnough,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Hinckley and Bosworth,Sutton Cheney,SK3900,GPS (from the finder),52.59640132,-1.42567007,LEIC-D958C8,,LEIC-D958C8.jpg,bronze age copper alloy spear head,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/leicvol/LEIC-D958C8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/325163.jpg
440718,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-1050,"A fragment of an early-middle Bronze Age, cast, copper alloy - bronze, axe head or palstave. Broken, small, rounded, rectangular or elongate 'D' shape butt fragment with wedge shaped section tapering to the rounded 'D' shaped end. Green and pale brown coloured, slightly pitted and corroded surface with some spots of arrested bronze disease. This fragment is likely to date to 2500-1050BC. Ref. History Beneath Our Feet, Brian Read, Anglia Publishing 1995, page 1-2, Detector Finds 5, Gordon Bailey, Greenlight Publishing 2002, page 54-58 fig. 2 and Bronze Age Metal Work in Norwich Castle Museum, Norwich Museum Service 1977, second Edition 1997, page 19-23 fig. 2, 5, 13-16. The fragment is 22.42mm long, 22.38mm wide, 5.3mm thick and weighs 11.9g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-02-27T00:00:00Z,,,,11.9,,,5.3,22.42,1,Geoff Burr,Geoff Burr,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Titsey,TQ3856,GPS (from the finder),51.28642606,-0.02248499,KENT-182263,,DSCN5866.JPG,Kent-182263. Fragment of a Bronze Age axe or palstave. Front view.,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gburr/DSCN5866.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/326306.jpg
441390,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1300,"A complete Middle Bronze Age palstave. The axe displays hammering on its blade and has a shield-shaped hollow below its stop ridge.


The axe measures 104.24mm long and is 21.27mm wide. The blade is narrow and measures 25.44mm across. The distance from the apex to the inside of the stop is 41.87 and the maximum width of the septum is 6.16mm. The upper inside edges of the socket exhibit signs of polish caused by wear. The  flashing on the long edges are trimmed and hammered flat. The apex is notched.","Peter Reavill comments:











This is an example of an unlooped primary shield pattern palstave - Early Palstaves Group I  (after Schmidt and Burgess), probably best paralled against examples in  Schmidt and Burgess, cat no - 777-779. These are described as having  shallow depressions below the stop ridge sometimes augmented with a  raised moulding (unlke this example). This would sit comfortably in the first stages of Needham's Period 5,  1500-1150 CAL BC, I would have thought more around 1500-1300 BC)  Corresponding with Burgess' Metalworking Period VII- VIII, MBA I. For  something similar see HESH-D98157.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,128,,,,104.24,1,Peter Reavill,David W Williams,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Cookham,SU9084,Generated from computer mapping software,51.547725,-0.703459,SUR-910C71,,DSCN1775.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN1775.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/326804.jpg
441439,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age spear head. The fragment consists of only the very tip of the spearhead - it has a narrrow and slender tip with a pronounced midrib. The midrib is sub-triangular in section and is flanked by wide tapering wings that join at the tip. The tip is pointed and still very sharp. The slenderness of the spear-tip suggests a long narrow spear head, although as only the very tip survives it is not possible to identify the exact form or class of spear head. Because of this, only a wide date ranging from the Middle to Late Bronze Age can be offered (c. 1500-800 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-03-11T00:00:00Z,,,2.8,,,4.06,31.25,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Chesterton,SP5520,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.875865,-1.202472,BERK-938712,,2010812.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Spear head tip,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2010812.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/327564.jpg
442654,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2300,-2050,"An incomplete cast copper alloy narrow butted flat axe, dating to the Early Bronze Age (MAIII, c. 2300-2050 BC). The remains of the axe consists of a slightly flared blade and a small portion of the narrowing body. The butt and a portion of the axe body are missing and the remains exhibit an old break across its rectangular-shaped section. It measures 37.9 mm max. length; 37.8 mm max. blade width; 7.96 mm thick at broken end; 1.8 mm thick at blade edge; weighs 37.99 grams. These types of axes are discussed in Roberts 2008, 74-5. Cf. database record: LANCUM-95EBB6.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-02-28T00:00:00Z,,,,37.99,,,8.03,37.9,1,Stephanie Smith,Claire Goodey,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Willingdon and Jevington,TQ5600,,50.778602,0.21135,SUSS-290724,,SUSS-290724EarlyBronzeAgeAxe.JPG,SUSS-290724EarlyBronzeAgeAxe,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS-290724EarlyBronzeAgeAxe.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/328268.jpg
442829,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A cast bronze socketed axehead, of a Late Bronze Age date c. 1150-800 BC, which has been heavily damaged in antiquity. The axehead is 51.48mm in length from damaged blade end to mouth with a body width of 16.72mm and weighs 114.2g. The thickness of the body is 5.37mm. There is a single mouth opening, sub-rectangular in shape with an external width of 37.53mm and an internal width of 28.06mm. The width of the damaged body/blade end is 30.25mm. The loop is 21.49mm in length, 7.79mm in width and is 12.14mm from the mouth. 

The axehead has a green-brown patina and is substantially damaged at the mouth, moulding, and body, with signs of active bronze disease. This damage is particularly heavy along the blade, with the cutting edge completely missing. There is a vertical scratch, probably done in antiquity, down the centre of the face 25.55mm in length. This extends from the moulding to the damaged area of the body/blade. This damage is a substantial irregular rectangle shape, which also appears to have been done in antiquity. The casting seam is visible on both sides of the body, extending from the mouth and terminating at the damaged end of the blade. There is a crack extending from the seam at the damaged point of the blade on the opposite side from the loop. 

The axehead is probably of a South Eastern plain type.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,114.2,,,5.37,51.48,1,Helen Murphy,Helen Murphy,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Scotter,SE9000,From finder,53.489024,-0.645021,LVPL-3E6D90,,LVPL-3E6D90.jpg,Bronze Age; looped and socketed axe head,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/helenm/LVPL-3E6D90.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/331192.jpg
442844,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1250,-100,"A cast copper alloy 'moustache' shaped object of uncertain use. The object is three-dimensional and consists of a pair of drooping ovoid elements with pointed tips, hence 'moustache' shaped. These ovoids are decorated with multiple grooves running down the body of each ovoid but stopping before the tip. In the centre of the two drooping ovoids is a recessed band running around the waist of the object. On the underside is a rectangular hole; it appears that this hole may have continued through and perforated the top but this has been filled at some point with a small amount of copper alloy. 


The use and date of these objects remains enigmatic. A number of these have now been recovered and several are recorded on the PAS database, including WMID-CA9D04, BH-037A57 and SF-520513. There is some variation in these objects, some have very pronounced but slimmer ovoids with long tips, others are short and squat. One example was found in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117), and as such they are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age. Dr JD Hill at the British Museum suggests that they are Iron Age, but without stratified examples this is unconfirmed. It is possible that these objects may have been dagger fittings, with the hole a rest for the tang, but again without any evidence this is speculation. Middle Bronze Age (c. 1250BC) to Late Iron Age (c. 100BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-03-16T00:00:00Z,,,29.5,,,13.4,34.66,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Hampstead Norreys,SU5175,Centred on field,51.471674,-1.267128,BERK-3F46D5,,2010836.jpg,Bronze Age: Unidentified 'moustache-like' object,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2010836.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/328428.jpg
444063,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A cast copper-alloy late Bronze Age socketed Axehead. The axehead is complete but suffers from severe pitting from copper corrosion. The socket is sub-square in shape and measures approximately 24.4 mm by 24.4 mm. The body of the axehead is rectangular in plan, flaring at the blade. It is triangular in profile, tapering from 31.6 mm wide at the socketed end to 1.4 mm at the tip of the blade. A slight collar is visible just prior to the socket. One side has a semi-circular attachment loop and a casting flash is visible on this side also. The casting flash is more pronounced on the opposite side. The edges of the blade, originally crescent shaped, are now slightly damaged, and these areas have been polished smooth by a sharp striking action. The lack of the green patina on these areas indicates that this has occurred relatively recently, probably during ploughing. The axehead measures 95.8 mm long and weighs 204.4 grams.  It is 48.1 mm wide across the blade. It dates from between around 1000 to 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-25T00:00:00Z,2011-03-28T23:00:00Z,,,204.4,,,31.6,95.8,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Whittington,SK1509,From finder,52.678495,-1.779575,WMID-D16B77,,WMID-D16B77.jpg,Copper-alloy Bronze Age axe head,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-D16B77.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/329297.jpg
444529,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy axe blade, 66mm long, 27mm wide and 14mm thick. The object is in poor condition and weighs 79.86 grams. It consists of the rounded tip of an axe. The break is extremely worn, suggesting it occured in antiquity. The blade and the surface are also worn and in parts, missing. The shape of the blade suggests it may be a socketed axe head.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-12T23:00:00Z,2011-05-10T23:00:00Z,,,79.86,,,14,66,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,North West Leicestershire,Isley cum Langley,SK4322,From finder,52.7938601,-1.36375368,LEIC-F8A320,,F8A320.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy axe tip,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/F8A320.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/329650.jpg
444826,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,43,"A cast copper-alloy button of almost certain prehistoric date. There is a possibility that the button may be as early as late Bronze Age, although an Iron Age date is also possible. The button is discoudal and has decoration on the front consisting of a cast central circular boss within concentric grooves and a downward canted rim. Two lugs remain as part of a broken attachment loop on the reverse, and there is a very slight depression between these lugs. The button measures 20.64 mm in diameter, 3.6 mm thick and weighs 3.8 grams. It has some damage to its edges and suffers from some wear. It has a dark green patina with a paler green visible in the areas of damage. A similar example can be seen illustrated in Read's 'Metal Buttons' (2005, page; number 2).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-03-27T00:00:00Z,,,,3.8,,20.64,3.6,,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Claverley,SO8195,From finder,52.552508,-2.28165,WMID-498A82,,WMID-498A82.jpg,Prehistoric copper-alloy button of late Bronze Age or Iron Age date,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-498A82.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/329873.jpg
445139,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1275,"A complete middle Bronze Age cast copper alloy palstave, dating circa 1500-1150 AD. The object is a shallow trapezoid in plan, expanding out towards the cutting edge. There is a pronounced stop ridge and shallow flanges. The cutting edge is rounded and shows signs of wear. There is corrosion present on the surface. It is 90.87mm long, 26.70mm wide, 12.66mm thick and weighs 92.7 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,92.7,,,12.66,90.87,1,Murray Dedman,Murray Dedman,Eastern,Essex,,,TL8817,,51.819993,0.726338,ESS-622131,,ESS-622131a.jpg,ESS-622131 Bronze Age Short Flanged Axe,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mdedman/ESS-622131a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/335111.jpg
445530,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed Hammer of Bronze Age dating.


The socketed hammer is rectangular in plan and cross section, and cuboid in shape. Each face exhibits a panel of ridged decoration at the top, and U shaped recess at the base. Casting ridges are present down each side, and have been smoothed off. The tip has been bevelled. At the base of the socket, some white residue or possibly clay soil remnants are present.


The socketed hammer is in good condition, with an even surface patina. It is a dark green colour. There are a couple of areas of more recent plough damage.


The hammer measures 57.01mm in length, 24.57mm wide and 22.53mm thick. The socket is 38.31mm deep and the thickness of the metal around the socket is 3.80mm. It weighs 97.4 grams.


Comment from Brendan O'Connor: This hammer has a ribbed collar and a bipartite body. It looks as if the  upper, socketed part of the body is distinguished from the solid 'business end'  of the hammer. The short surviving  length of this presumably solid portion suggests the hammer was well used.   


Comment from Dot Broughton (Cumbria FLO): They date from 1000-800BC and are, like Peter says, usually found in LBA hoards  (e.g. Bunwell, Norfolk). There's a socketed hammer from the Scottish  hoard at Adabrock. They  are usually found with Ewart Park sword fragments, South Eastern socketed axes,  Meldreth Type socketed and other faceted axes and an arrangement of various  chisels and other tools, etc. I think it's the hoard from Carleton Rd, Norwich,  Norfolk that is probably the best example for LBA tools (though there's not  socketed hammer in that hoard!). There are a couple of stray finds on the  database - like LBA axes and chisels, most of them are from hoards, but some are  stray finds. 


Comment from Peter Reavill (Herefordshire & Shropshire FLO): Inventaria Archaeologica Hawkes 1956, and the hammer is similar in overall shape - with the stepped mouth to an example in the Isle of Harty hoard (GB.18.3.3.22) although the base does not narrow and taper like yours. The moulding of the grooves can be seen in an example from the Reach Fen Hoard, Cambs GB.17.3.3.24 which I think is the best parallel. I can see nothing in Evans - agree with dates and associations that Dot provides - an odd one for Yorkshire


Comment from Terence Manby: Finds of Bronze hammers, apart from doubtful fragments, are know from two Yorkshire hoards -  Kilnhurst, near Rotherham, crude plain examples (GB. 41.5 & 6; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, Pl. 138 B 2 & 5) and Roseberry Topping, near Stokesley, plain collar and thicken rim (Schmidt & Burgess 1981. Pl. 148 D 6).       The multiple ridged collar may be comparable with the ridged collars of the Type Fulford socketed axes - Wallington Industry - that are not at all common across Yorkshire and Northern England (Schmidt & Burgess 1981. 176-7).","
Find was photographed and recorded whilst at a club meeting.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,97.4,,,22.53,57.01,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Kirkbymoorside,,,,,LVPL-89D1D3,,LVPL-89D1D3.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age: Socketed Hammer,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/LVPL-89D1D3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/330573.jpg
445613,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy probable palstave fragment or possible tanged chisel, of probable Bronze Age dating (1200 BC to 800 BC).


It measures 29.75mm long, 21.09mm wide and 6.37 mm thick. It weighs 15.0 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15,,,6.37,29.75,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Dutton,SJ6079,From a paper map,53.306423,-2.601738,LVPL-8E1731,,lvpl-8e1731.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age: Probable Axe blade fragment,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/lvpl-8e1731.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/330686.jpg
445620,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete blade fragment, probably from a cast copper alloy palstave, of Middle Bronze Age dating (1000 BC to 800 BC). It is likely to be from the Acton Park II industry.


It measures 43.87mm long, 46.37mm wide and 10.20mm thick. It weighs 73.0 grams.","
Find was photographed and recorded whilst at a club meeting. Thanks are extended to Peter Reavill (FLO - Herefordshire & Shropshire) for helping in confirming the identification of this find.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,73,,,10.2,43.87,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,North West,Lancashire,West Lancashire,ORMSKIRK,SD4409,From a paper map,53.5746,-2.84717,LVPL-8E83D6,,LVPL-8E83D6.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Palstave blade fragment,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/LVPL-8E83D6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/330691.jpg
446090,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A tip of a copper alloy Middle Bronze Age (1500-1150 BC) rapier, dagger or dirk trapezoidal in plan with a lozengiform cross section. Highly worn and abraided.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,West Hanney 2009,3.67,,,2.5,26.4,1,Rob Webley,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,West Hanney,SU4092,From a paper map,51.625402,-1.423561,BERK-D045D1,,810 Rapier Tip Tkt P.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Rapier tip,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/810 Rapier Tip Tkt P.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/331085.jpg
446407,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-800,"
Copper alloy blade fragment of Bronze age date. Probably sword tip. The blade has a rounded tip and is pointed oval in section, with a worn central rib. The blade has broken at the upper end and is slightly bent. The edges are damaged.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7,,,,45,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,,,,,,,,,NARC-E2BC07,,NARC-E2BC07 a.jpg,blade,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-E2BC07 a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/331414.jpg
446601,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-800,"Blade fragment of a Bronze Age axe, c.2300 BC- 800 BC.


The blade edge is curved, and appears complete. It has broken before the shaft, having a rectangular cross-section at the broken edge where it is thickening. The axe has a dark brown patina which is slightly patchy due to corrosion.


As so little remains it is not possible to pin it down to a certain type of axe, or a more specific period within the Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.1,,,10.73,22.33,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Brompton,SE9482,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),54.225102,-0.559675,DUR-F2F216,,DUR-F2F216_axe.jpg,Bronze Age axe- DUR-F2F216,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/frances/DUR-F2F216_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/331338.jpg
446663,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1000,"Cast bronze Palstave axe, dating to the Penard/Wilburton phases, c. 1300- 1000 BC.



It is mostly complete but the blade is slightly broken and the handle has broken and is missing just the very end, and the butt. It has a single small side-loop, which measures 22.96mm in length.



The blade has uneven edges, and is corroded, with pitting on the surface, it appears to be missing the cutting edge. The blade is quite small (40.38mm wide), and then narrows to a rectangular section leading to the handle. It is plain and has no ribbing or hollows. The septum on both sides of the handle is quite deep, with a curved end where it meets the blade. The flanges are pronounced, and lozenge shaped when viewed from the side. The side with the loop is the most complete, and it seems only a small part is missing as the flanges have narrowed together.



Overall the axe has a brown patina, with some pitting and small patches of green corrosion.



It weighs more than 200g so my scales could not measure it.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-03-03T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,108.72,1,Frances McIntosh,Frances McIntosh,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Brompton,SE9482,Centred on parish,54.225102,-0.559675,DUR-F4B4B2,,DUR-F4B4B2_axe.jpg,Palstave axe- DUR-F4B4B2,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/frances/DUR-F4B4B2_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/331394.jpg
446765,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,"Bronze blade tip, probably from a dirk or rapier of uncertain type and probably of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 900BC.


The dirk is fragmentary and is represented by the tip only (with a surviving length of 53.3mm and a weight of 10.4g). The blade is of lozenge section at the break (where it has a width of 17.2mm and a thickness of 3.6mm) and there is the suggestion of a central rib on one face. One of the blade edges is straight and the other is convex, probably as a result of erosion or wear. There is slight distortion along the length of the fragment. The surface of the blade is heavily-pitted with a dark green patina.


The blade would appear to be a little too substantial for a dagger, while being too slight for a sword.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-06-25T23:00:00Z,2009-07-09T23:00:00Z,,,10.4,,,,53.3,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Woolaston,ST5899,,51.688175,-2.608965,PUBLIC-F7D946,,2009.154.1.jpg,Bronze Age Dirk,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2009.154.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/343130.jpg
446816,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Butt end fragment of a Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead, c. 1500-1150 BC.","
No further information or image available
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,West Hanney 2009,26.2,,,13.75,31.73,1,Katie Hinds,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,West Hanney,SU4092,From a paper map,51.625402,-1.423561,BERK-F8F764,,,,,,,
447271,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed gouge, probably of Ewart Park metalworking, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7, and dated to c. 950 - 750BC


The socketed gouge is near-complete, with some peripheral damage around the mouth and blade (with a surviving length of 77.2mm and a weight of 50.5g). The mouth is circular (with a diameter of 20.5mm) with no mouth mouldings. The gouge flares outwards slightly to the mouth (with a diameter beneath the mouth of 18mm). Beneath the flaring mouth, the sides of the gouge are straight and slightly convergent (producing a blade width of 15.4mm). The casting seams are evident on both sides and have been carefully finished, probably by hammering. The blade comprises a shallow U-shaped depression (beginning 43mm from the current blade edge), which is filled with prominent striations running along the channel from top to bottom. The striations are unlikely to be purely from sharpening and possibly are partly decorative. The blade edge has been lost but does not appear to be expanded. There is a groove running diagonally from the mouth to the side of the blade, which has appears to have some patination internally, suggesting that it may be damage from antiquity or a possibly a flaw in the mould. The surface has a dark green patina where it survives and elsewhere is pale green. The colour of the patina has been altered by a recent oily coating by the finder.


Savory (1980, p 55)suggests that the earliest socketed gouges such as  those that occur in the Guilsfield hoard have multiple mouth mouldings,  whereas later gouges tend to have a broad flat collar.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-06-23T23:00:00Z,2009-07-08T23:00:00Z,,,50.5,,,,77.2,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llantwit Major,SS9767,,51.392659,-3.481784,PUBLIC-1EF534,,2009.188.1.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Gouge,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2009.188.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/344420.jpg
447531,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy socketed gouge dating to the Late Bronze Age betweem c. 1150 and c. 800 BC.


The gouge has a hollow socket, circular in section, which narrows to form a flaring and curved blade edge. The gouge is in good condition with an even green patina.


The socketed end is 17mm in diameter. The gouge is 92mm long, and the flared blade end is 14mm wide.


Two similar examples are illustrated in Watson, P, 1993, 'Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums', BAR British Series 233.


According to Pearce, S, M in the 1983 publication 'The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain Part I', page 43, socketed gouges 'appear to have begun in the Wilburton phase, and continued as part of the tool repertoire until the end of the Bronze Age', although most socketed gouges can be dated to the Ewart phase between c. 1000 - c. 800 BC. Ben Roberts of the British Museum has kindly lokoed at his gouge and agrees with the function and date of the object.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,49.75,,17,,92,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Preston Capes,SP5953,From a paper map,52.172116,-1.138697,NARC-5D5F57,,NARC-5D5F57 a.jpg,gouge,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-5D5F57 a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/332094.jpg
447830,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,"Possible fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe; the fragment is probably from the blade end of the axe. The fragment is sub-triangular in plan and cross section. It has one curved edge (cutting edge) with a worn break across the other two sides. It has a dark green-brown patina.It is 17.23mm long, 24.77mm wide, 7.93mm thick and weighs 5.23 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-30T00:00:00Z,,,,5.23,,,7.93,17.23,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Epping Forest,Sheering,TL5112,GPS (from the finder),51.786287,0.187794,ESS-733843,,ESS-733843.jpg,ESS-733843 Bronze Age socketed axe fragment (possibly),Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-733843.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/335345.jpg
448476,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of uncertain type and probably of Ewart Park metalworking industry dated to 950 - 750BC (Nedham 1996) .

The axe is fragmentary, represented by the blade end only (with a surviving length of 19.1mm and a weight of 21.5g).  The axe is of sub-rectangular section at the break and is worn and eroded (with a width of 37.6mm and a thickness of 9.8mm). The base of the socket is evident at the break (22mm long, 2.6mm wide and 3mm deep). One face of the axe was thicker than the other (4.0mm compared to 2.5mm). Little of the sides survive and no casting seams are now discernible. The blade edge has been lost but was curved (with a surviving width of 36.7mm). The original surface of the axe has largely been lost and the current surface is pale green and powdery, with active bronze corrosion. Small patches dark green patina survives on the faces.


Socketed axes can date to the Wilburton metalworking phase of the Late   Bronze Age, dated to c. 1150-950BC although most recovered socketed axes   are of Ewart Park phase.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-06-16T23:00:00Z,2009-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,21.5,,,,19.1,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Manorbier,SS0598,,51.646893,-4.819928,PUBLIC-9E4684,,2009.215.1i.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2009.215.1i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/332633.jpg
449131,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1150,"Early to Mid Bronze age copper alloy axe blade, 45mm long, 57mm wide and 15mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 110.5 grams. The object is solid, rectangular in section and form. It is 27mm wide and 15mm thick at its broken end. It then widens and flattens into a shallow curved blade, which is 57mm wide and 6mm thick. The object may be the blade from a flat axe or a palstave?",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,110.5,,,15,45,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Peatling Magna,SP5991,From a paper map,52.513703,-1.132035,LEIC-F17241,,F17241.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy axe frgament,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/F17241.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/333286.jpg
449290,Sword,Bronze Age,,,-1500,-750,"Bronze fragment, possibly a fragment of a bladed implement of Bronze Age date, dated to c. 1500BC - 750BC


The fragment is broken at both ends and also has peripheral damage (with a surviving length of 26.9mm, a surviving maximum width of 26.8mm and a weight of 15.6g). The object has a prominent rounded midrib, which narrows at the narrower end. Although there is damage and erosion to both sides, there is the suggestion that the object was originally wider one end and is also thicker on the narrowest side (with a maximum thickness of 7.7mm and thickness on the opposite end of 7.2mm). There is a suggestion of slight curvature on the fragment, possibly indicating the implement was bent prior to breaking. The fragment has a pale green surface patina with blackened areas, indicating burning.


The small fragmentary nature of the artefact makes any identification   speculative, but the shape and form are consistent with a shoulder to   hilt fragment from a Late Bronze Age sword. It is possible that the   peripheral damage to one side may have incorporated a rivet hole.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-06-18T23:00:00Z,,,,15.6,,,,26.9,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Aldbourne,SU2776,,51.482315,-1.612575,PUBLIC-086575,,2009.232i.jpg, Late Bronze Age Sword Fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2009.232i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/333590.jpg
449307,Spear,Bronze Age,,,-1500,-750,"Bronze Age bronze socketed spearhead, of pegged type and of Greenwell and Brewis' (1909, 458-460)  Type V. Class V spear heads are ascribed to the Wilburton and Ewart Park phases of the Late Bronze Age, corresponding with Needham's (1996)  Periods 6 and 7, dated to 1150 - 750BC.

The spearhead is complete (with a length of 113.8mm and a weight of 67.3g). The socket is near circular (with an external diameter at the mouth of 23.5-24.1mm, an internal diameter of 18mm and a thickness of 2.6mm). The sides of the socket are straight and convergent. The shaft was attached through two circular rivet holes (3.3 and 3.6mm diameter, positioned 11-12mm from the mouth). The blade is flame shaped, where the blade is convex to its widest point (with a width of 29.2mm) and is then slightly concave to the tip. Blade facets are evident on both sides and faces (1.6mm from the edge) and no sharpening striations are discernible. The blades are slightly thicker against the socket (with a thickness of 3mm) and thin towards the edge (with a thickness of 1mm before the blade facet). The socket continues as a prominent and wide midrib to the tip.

The spearhead has applied decoration around the socket, beneath the start of the blade. The decoration comprises four bands of liner striations flanked on each side by repeating chevrons or small punched triangles and undecorated strips (2-3mm wide) separate the decorative bands. Beneath the blade is a border of small punched triangles above 6-7 linear striations (with a width of 1.8mm). At the base of the striations is a double-incised zigzag or line of adjoining chevrons. After a plain strip, the three motifs are repeated but the linear striations are interrupted by the two rivet holes. Punched triangles border the rivet holes on the top and bottom and beneath each rivet hole are triple incised opposing chevrons, within the 'undecorated' strip. A further band of linear striations is flanked on its lower side by punched triangles, with no further motif above. The basal band of striations is flanked on its upper side only with repeating chevrons. The decoration has been finely incised and carefully applied. 

The golden bronze surface survives over much of the lower part of the spearhead. A dark grey to brown corrosion is adhering to the surface elsewhere. The socket has mostly been cleaned out but remnant traces, of possibly wood survive.


Socketed and riveted (Class V) spearheads have been recorded from Wales,  such as the example from the Llantwit Major hoard in the Vale of  Glamorgan (Savory, 1980, p 121, no. 281.14) . Decorated spearheads have  also been recorded, for example at Guilsfield in Powys one of the  spearheads has punched dot decoration around the socket and base of the  blade (Savory, 1980, p 118, no. 268.18). The Swansea Bay spearhead can  be closely paralleled with an example found in the River Thames at  Staines and now in the Museum of London collections , published by  Needham et al (1987) . The Staines spearhead is also of socketed,  riveted type with a flame blade and also has applied decoration  encircling the socket mouth, comprising five bands of striations with no  chevrons or punched decoration. The Staines spearhead was radiocarbon  dated from wood surviving in the shaft and produced a date of 1100BC -  840BC (with a 95% probability). As early as 1909 (Greenwell &  Brewis, p 470) noted the use of vertical and horizontal lines, zigzags  and triangle motifs on arrowheads of looped and riveted types. It is  possible to suggest that the liner incised decoration on both examples  may be referencing binding on earlier, looped spearheads.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-06-25T23:00:00Z,,,,67.3,,,,113.8,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,,,,,,PUBLIC-0919A7,,2009.235.1i.jpg,Bronze Age socketed spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2009.235.1i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/333605.jpg
449315,Pin,Bronze Age,,,-1150,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy cup-headed pin


The pin is complete (with a distorted length of 237mm, a straightened length of approximately 270mm and a weight of 32.7g). The head has a slightly oval mouth (13.4mm - 14.3mm external diameter, 12mm internal diameter and 3mm deep). The sides of the cup-head are straight and parallel before curving sharply to the shaft. The interior of the cup-head contains no discernible decoration and is filled with corrosion. The pin shaft is of circular section and has a prominent swelling beneath the head (positioned 20mm beneath the head and producing a maximum diameter of 7.8mm). Beneath the swelling, there appears to be a slight rounded lug on one side of the shaft (8mm long, 2mm thick and 2mm high). The shaft gradually thins to the comparatively wide tip. No applied decoration is evident on the pin. The surface is mostly encrusted with sand and shell, and elsewhere has a grey brown surface.


The pin has been problematic to date due to the lack of cultural affinities, however, Eogan (1974, p 98-101)  has stated that Cup-headed pins are   characteristic of Late Bronze Age Ireland. The size of the head of this   example, may be seen as comparatively small, where Irish examples vary   from 16-27mm (ibid) but the length of the shaft is comparatively   massive. Cup-headed pins have a sparse distribution in Britain with only   three recorded examples by O'Connor (1980, p 560) , with the Swansea   pin representing the furthest west example recovered in mainland   Britain. An example of a cup-headed in the Heathery Burn Cave hoard   provides a Ewart Park association for the artefact type in Britain,   dated by Needham (1996) to Period 7, c. 950-750BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-06-25T23:00:00Z,,,,32.7,,,,270,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,,,,,,PUBLIC-096647,,2009.235.2i.jpg,Late Bronze Age copper alloy cup-headed pin ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2009.235.2i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/333613.jpg
449512,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-250,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy blade, probably Bronze Age in date The object is sub rectangular in plan and sub triangular in section. The right hand side of the object is where the blade edge would have been, but it has been worn away. There is also evidence of corrosion on the bottom. The metal is a combination of green and dark brown patches. It weighs 8.7g and measure 20.75mm in length and 17.66mm in width.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-03-28T23:00:00Z,,,8.7,,,8.74,20.75,1,Emma Morris,Emma Morris,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Middleton,SE9448,Centred on field,53.919622,-0.570209,NCL-1C7BE5,,Picture 144.jpg,Bronze Age Blade,Newcastle University,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/emorris/Picture 144.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/333971.jpg
449898,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1600,-1200,"A very corroded lower fragment from a Middle Bronze Age socketed spear head with side loops. The blade is missing and there is a considerable loss from the socket end. The side loops are large, elongated semicircles, broken at their tops and only perforated towards their bases, the holes within longer recesses. One hole has broken through the side. As implied, the break to the spear occurs towards the tops of the side loops and in a ragged fashion across the shaft, before the blade would have begun. The spear has an oval cross-section. At the base it measures 12.8 by 9.9mm internally; it tapers to 10.5 by 7.9mm at the break. Where it survives the spear has a dark-orange/brown patina, but it is pitted all over with patches of green intense corrosion product.","Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, c. 1500-1150 BC.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,,24.09,,,17.5,44.25,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bishops Waltham,SU5416,Generated from computer mapping software,50.940921,-1.232801,HAMP-333398,,HAMP-333398socketedspear.jpg,Middle Bronze Age side-looped socketed spear,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-333398socketedspear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/334136.jpg
450104,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Bronze Age bronze blade, probably of Middle Bronze Age date



The blade is incomplete, with some peripheral damage and distortion (with a distorted surviving length of 66.3mm and a weight of 13.3g). The hilt had straight and parallel or near-parallel sides (with a width of 21.1mm) and the top edges are angled to meet at the centre. The two rivet holes were circular (with a diameter of 4.5mm) and one is open at the side. The hilt is thinnest at the butt and thickens at a point above the rivet holes, where the midrib is discernible as a ridge. The midrib widens beneath the rivet holes and produces a maximum thickness at the top of the blade (of 3.8mm). The better preserved side suggests that there is a step from the hilt to the blade edge (where the blade has a width of 18.0mm). The blade edges were probably straight or near-straight and converge towards the break. The midrib narrows slightly towards the break and is very slightly convex across its width on the blade, with the blade facets being gently concave. The blade is thinner at the break or tip (at 1.5mm). Much of the damage to the blade edge is likely to be post-depositional but it is possible that some of the notches may have resulted from use or deliberate damage. The surface has a dark-green to brown patina with areas of pale green corrosion. There are no discernible sharpening striations on the blade.


It is possible that the blade is an eroded dirk, although it would be comparatively small and the hilt arrangement is a little unusual. It is also possible that the blade has been reworked from a larger dirk or rapier. Dirks are present throughout the Middle Bronze Age, with the earliest examples of Acton Park metalwork, dated from c. 1600-1400BC and continue through to Willburton metalworking dated to c. 1150-1000BC, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Periods 5 - 6. This example is more likely to date from the later part of the suggested range.","Analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the artefacts was carried out using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The objects were examined whole within the specimen chamber and were analysed for 100 live seconds using a working distance of 35mm and an accelerating voltage of 20kV. The results are semi-quantitative and overall totals taken from minimally prepared surfaces are usually affected to some degree by the surface geometry of the artefacts, including factors such as curvature, pitting and indentations etc. Other factors that can also affect the results include surface oxidation, surface enrichment or depletion of certain elements, contamination from closely adhering dirt, and preferential corrosion. 

Three separate readings were taken and the majority of the overall totals acquired were slightly low due to the factors described above. The results were normalised to 100% to obtain consistency between the readings and to make the analyses comparable with other results the average compositions were: 81-89 % copper, 8-12 % tin, 1-2 % antimony and less than 1 % lead. The comparatively high level of antimony, if correct is unusual and may suggest a date later than the early Bronze Age. Comparable levels of antinomy have been found in Later metal work, such as in a number of items in the Guilsfield Hoard, characterised as Wilberton metalwork. All of the Early Bronze age daggers published by Gerloff (1975, p 167-8) have lower levels of antimony. However, the very low levels of lead would be unusual in Late Bronze Age metalwork.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-06-16T23:00:00Z,2010-07-06T23:00:00Z,,,13.3,,,,66.3,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Holt,ST8561,,51.3478791,-2.21676275,PUBLIC-4425B2,,2010.1i.jpg,middle bronze age blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.1i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/334224.jpg
450229,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age bronze unlooped palstave of Group III, Low-flanged (Broad-blade) form and of Type Wantage (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 133-4) , corresponding to the Taunton metalworking assemblage and of Needham's (1996) Period 5, dated to 1500 - 1150BC.



The palstave is incomplete and is fragmentary, missing the butt and broken near the stop (with a surviving length of 133.4mm and a weight of 343.2g). The palstave has broken before the butt (where it has a width of 21.9mm, a thickness at the septum of 6.5mm and a flange height of 13.1mm). The septum has a U-shaped profile before the rounded stop. The flanges (with a maximum height of 27.7mm) are not as deep as the stop height (at 30.6mm high) but may have suffered some damage. The tops of the flanges have a fairly linear convergence towards the butt. The sides of the palstave are straight as far as the blade, before gradually widening to the damaged blade tips. The casting flashes are evident on both sides and have been finished, probably by hammering but remain prominent, particularly along the sides of the blade. There are unusual mouldings running across both sides, corresponding with the position of the stops. The maximum blade thickness (at 22mm) is less than the stop height, defining a bar ledge stop. The flanges do not continue as ribs along the edges of the blade faces. The original blade edge and the tips have been lost (producing a surviving blade width of 55.0mm) and the blade edge has a moderate curve. A blade facet is discernible on both faces (up to 10mm from the damaged blade edge). The blade face is decorated with a sunken shield pattern and a midrib; the midrib does not continue into the shield as seen on the three-pronged trident' decoration. Angled striations running off the blade edge may be the result of sharpening. The palstave surface has a dark green patina where it survives and elsewhere is pitted and pale green. Occasional air bubbles are evident on the surface and are frequent through the break, demonstrating casting problems and resulting in weaknesses.



Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 134) note that unlooped broad blade palstaves are rarely found in Wales and the Marches but enough with trident decoration are know from the Marches and North Wales to suggest that the area may have been a source for Type Wantage palstaves.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-06-16T23:00:00Z,2010-08-10T23:00:00Z,,,343.2,,,,133.4,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Eardisley,SO3148,,52.125984,-3.009321,PUBLIC-491928,,2010.4i.jpg,Middle Bronze Age bronze unlooped palstave ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.4i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/334318.jpg
450238,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1700,"Early Bronze Age developed flat axe, probably of miniature form or possibly of Type Bandon, Variant Swinton, dating from Metalwork Assemblage IV, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 3, dated to 2050 - 1700BC

The axe appears to be complete (with a length of 58.5mm and a weight of 22.4g). The butt is rounded (with a width of 11mm) and the axe is of sub-rectangular section. The axe has discernible median bevels on both faces (28mm from the blade). The sides are near-parallel as far as the median bevel (where the axe has a width of 13.3mm and has a maximum thickness of 6.5mm). From the bevel, the sides are straight and divergent to the blade edge. The blade edge is moderately curved (with a width of 16.9mm) and no blade facet is now discernible, there are no flanges evident on the axe. Very little of the original surface survives with a dark brown patina; elsewhere the surface is pitted and is pale to mid green.


The axe is of a diminutive size, even for Type Bandon, Variant Swinton and it remains unclear whether the axe had a practical purpose or was votive. It is possible that the 'axe' may have been used for delicate tasks, perhaps similar to a chisel. Axes of this size and form are difficult to parallel, Schmidt & Burgess (1981) catalogue a number of small developed flat axes as Variant Swinton (p 67-8, nos. 375-380) but all examples are between 87mm and 92mm in length. Although this example is two-thirds of the size of these axes, it may have been used for a similar function.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-06-22T23:00:00Z,2010-07-14T23:00:00Z,,,22.4,,,,58.5,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Dorstone,SO3142,,52.07204898,-3.00810352,PUBLIC-494006,,2010.4.2i.jpg,Early Bronze Age developed flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.4.2i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/334326.jpg
450246,Axe,Bronze Age,,,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe, of uncertain type and probably of Ewart Park Metalworking Assemblage, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950 - 750BC.

 


The axe is fragmentary, represented by the blade only (with a surviving length of 38.1mm and a weight of 134.2g). The axe has broken near the base of the socket (with a length of 29.0mm, a surviving width of 7mm and a maximum surviving depth of 9mm). The axe is of rectangular section at the break, with convex sides across their thicknesses (where the axe has a width of 49mm and a maximum thickness of 20.3mm). The casting flashes are clear and raised on both sides and appear to have been finished by hammering. The sides curve-out sharply to produce an expanded, recurved edge, although one of the blade tips has been lost (producing a surviving blade width of 70.1mm). The blade faces are convex across both their lengths and width with no discernible blade facets. There are no ribs extending onto the blade fragment and no discernible sharpening striations on the blade edge. There are deep scratches of random direction on both faces which appear to have patinated, suggesting they may have occurred in antiquity. The surface has a dark brown patination.


The blade fragment appears to be from a comparatively substantial axe, although the fragmentary nature makes the typological identification difficult. Socketed axes can date to the Wilburton metalworking phase of the Late Bronze Age, dated to c. 1150-950BC; or to Llyn Fawr, dated to 750-450BC, although most recovered socketed axes are of Ewart Park phase (950-750BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-06-15T23:00:00Z,,,,134.2,,,,38.1,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Wenvoe,ST0870,,51.4215187,-3.32451035,PUBLIC-496574,,2010.5.1i.jpg,late bronze age socketed axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.5.1i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/334328.jpg
450966,Axe,Bronze Age,,,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe, of uncertain type and probably of Ewart Park Metalworking Assemblage, corresponding with Needham's (1996)  Period 7, dated to c. 950 - 750BC


The axe is fragmentary, broken in antiquity around the approximate mid-section with the blade end represented. The fragment suggests a comparatively small axe (with a surviving length of 47.7mm and a weight of 53.6g). The socket is sub-oval with straight, parallel ends (with a length of 27.0mm, a surviving width of 14.1mm and a maximum surviving depth of 32.8mm). The axe has a sub-hexagonal body section at the break (with a width at the break of 33.5mm and a maximum surviving thickness of 18.8mm). The casting flashes are evident and raised on both sides and appear to have been roughly finished by hammering. The sides are near parallel and only diverge slightly to the eroded blade tips (producing a surviving blade width of 38.2mm). The original blade edge does not survive and is comparatively straight. The blade faces are slightly convex across their widths and flat (but convergent) across their lengths with prominent blade facets discernible on both faces (c. 13mm from the present blade edge). There are now no ribs extending onto the blade fragment, although the surface loss on the upper part of the fragment may have irradiated the lower parts of any ribs. No sharpening striations are discernible on the blade edge where the surface survives. Some of the original surface survives with a dark brown patination, elsewhere there are areas of active bronze corrosion.


The blade fragment appears to be from a comparatively small axe, although the fragmentary nature makes the typological identification difficult. The hexagonal body section and crude finishing may suggest an axe of South Wales Type. Socketed axes can date to the Wilburton metalworking phase of the Late Bronze Age, dated to c. 1150-950BC; or to Llyn Fawr, dated to 750-450BC, although this axe is likely to date to the Ewart Park phase (950-750BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,,53.6,,,,47.7,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,Torfaen,Torfaen,Ponthir,ST3294,,51.640673,-2.984055,PUBLIC-9BD5E6,,2010.26.1i.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.26.1i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/334949.jpg
451354,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A copper alloy cast arrowhead or very small spearhead, probably dating to the late bronze age period, probably the Penard or Ewart Park phase, about 1300 BC - 800 BC. The arrowhead is socketed and leaf shaped with a central ridge running down the length. The ridge is circular in section. Most of the socket is missing. The projectile has a dark brown patina, missing in places on the ridge, and with small areas of bright green corrosion. Compare SWYOR-19E2B1 and SF9209, and also compare pegged leaf shaped spear heads.","
The finder listed on this record purchased the object from another detectorist.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-04-04T23:00:00Z,2011-04-03T23:00:00Z,,,6.25,,,6.41,47.83,1,Mary Blevins,Mary Blevins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Northallerton,SE3595,Centred on parish,54.34934636,-1.4630522,SWYOR-C57356,,PAS_1454_Arrowhead.jpg,Bronze Age arrowhead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1454_Arrowhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/335842.jpg
451591,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1600,An incomplete flat axehead dating to the Bronze Age. The axehead is sub triangular in plan and measures 35.12mm in length and 34.27mm in width at the widest edge. It weighs 23.1g. The object is incomplete and missing the lower half. The metal is a mixture of green and brown colours.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-06-05T23:00:00Z,,,23.1,,,4.44,35.12,1,Emma Morris,Emma Morris,,,,,,,,,NCL-DCC6F4,,DSCN1683.jpg,Bronze Age Flat Axehead,Newcastle University,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/emorris/DSCN1683.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/339033.jpg
452713,Spear,Bronze Age,,,-1500,-750,"Bronze Age socketed spearhead of uncertain type and of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 750BC

 


The spearhead is fragmentary and represented by the tip only (with a surviving length of 50.9mm, a maximum surviving width of 23.1mm and a weight of 18.6g). The end of the circular socket is present at the break (where it has a surviving depth of 17.6mm and an internal diameter at the break of 7.0mm). The socket continues along the blade as a prominent and rounded midrib (giving a maximum surviving thickness of 9.2mm at the break), which gradually narrows and thins towards the tip. The blade edges have been lost and the current blade edge is near-straight or slightly convex. A subtle blade facet is discernible where the surface is preserved, before a flat area, running parallel to the midrib (with a width of 1.4mm). The surface has a dark green patina where it survives and elsewhere is pale green.


Socketed spearheads begin in the Acton Park metalworking industry dated to the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age and continue to the Llyn Fawr Industry at the very end of the Bronze Age, although spearheads of the Llyn Fawr industry are rarely recovered, with most spearheads dating to the Ewart Park phase or before. Needham (1997) dates the corresponding Industries from his Period 5, begging c. 1500BC to the end of Period 7 at c. 750BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-07-20T23:00:00Z,,,,18.6,,,,50.9,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Ramsbury,SU2669,,51.419422,-1.627488,PUBLIC-6DE338,,2010.42.1i.jpg,Bronze Age socketed spearhead ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.42.1i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/336561.jpg
452965,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"
A copper alloy awl fragment. The surviving piece is circular in section with the point tapering into a broken rectangular-sectioned tang.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-03-27T00:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - Stagsden (27/03/11),4.54,,,,34.13,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Stagsden,SP9750,Generated from computer mapping software,52.13979,-0.58405,SUR-87B6F5,,11-575.jpg,Bronze age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/11-575.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/336796.jpg
453026,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
A very worn fragment of the blade of a late Bronze Age socketed axe. Only a small fragment of the original surface survives.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-03-01T00:00:00Z,2011-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,11.73,,,7.95,29.09,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Charlwood,TQ2341,From a paper map,51.155045,-0.242609,SUR-9AE561,,11-615a.jpg,Bronze age: Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/11-615a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/336879.jpg
453609,Axehead,Bronze Age,,,-2300,-2050,"Early Bronze Age bronze axehead, probably of Type Migdale (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-59)  and of metalworking Stage III, Corresponding with Needham's (1996)  Period 2, dated to c. 2,300 - 2,050BC


The axehead is fragmentary and is represented by the butt end only (with a surviving length of 71.1mm and a weight of 128.0g). The axe thins to the butt, which is convex and is moderately rounded (with a width of 35.2mm). The axe has a sub-rectangular to sub-oval body section, with some erosion of the edges. The faces are gently convex across both their lengths and widths without any suggestion of flanges at the sides.  Both sides are slightly concave, with the suggestion that they are beginning to flare-out more sharply at the break (where the axe has a maximum surviving width of 41.8mm and a maximum surviving thickness of 10.2mm). The break occurred in antiquity and is worn and rounded. The original surface survives in patches over the faces with a green brown patina and with no decoration, elsewhere the surface is pale green.


The fragmentary state of the axe makes typological identification difficult; however visual inspection suggests that the metallurgical composition is bronze, rather than copper, and together with its comparatively large size, would seem to imply that the axe would be more likely to be of Type Migdale",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-07-28T23:00:00Z,,,,128,,,,71.1,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,Caerphilly,Caerphilly,Newbridge,ST1997,,51.665917,-3.172573,PUBLIC-D60477,,2010.jpg,Early Bronze Age bronze axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/337517.jpg
453689,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy sickle. Incomplete curved fragment from a sickle of middle to late Bronze Age date (c. 1400- c.800 BC). The blade curves from top to bottom, and tapers to a point at the end of the blade. There is a distinct central rib running along both faces of the blade. The blade is lenticular in section. Both the inner and outer edges of the blade have been bevelled, demonstrating use and re-use of the sickle.



This sickle was most likely socketed rather than tanged; the section is lentoid rather than being stepped, as is seen on tanged examples. Tanged sickles are known from the later Middle Bronze Age onwards, whereas socketed sickles date from the Late Bronze Age.



Bronze Age sickles are rare and therefore this artefact is an important addition to our understanding of this Bronze Age tool type.","This artefact was found in the 1990's, when it was originally shown to John Allan, who was curator at Exeter Museum at the time. Mr Allan made paper notes about the artefact, which are still retained by the Museum.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,Teignbridge,Bishopsteignton,SX9075,Centred on parish,50.56436475,-3.55448232,DEV-D99B72,,,,,,,
453697,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"Bronze age copper alloy axehead. This flat axe is of an early bronze age date (c.2150 - 1500 BC). Distinctive side flanges can be seen on both faces. Tapers at the butt end to form a rounded edge. The blade edge flares outward into a crescent shape with a maximum diameter of 7.89cm. Axe has a sub-rectangular cross-section. Mid-brown surface patina can be seen on both faces, along with large portions of green patina showing active corrosion.","
This record was left unfinished and has been promoted in case it can be of use to researchers
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,4.9,,1,Rachel Kitcherside,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,Teignbridge,,,,,,DEV-D9D191,,,,,,,
453699,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"The two ingots were recovered within c.1.5 metres of each other at a depth of c.10cm below the surface.



Description



Ingot, fragment. Plano-convex edge fragment with rounded outer edge. Length: 74.5mm, Width: 62.5mm, Thickness: c.31mm



Ingot, fragment. Plano-convex. Length: 92.5mm, Width: 90mm, Thickness: c. 32mm.



Discussion



These ingot fragments probably belong to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, dating to c.1000-800 BC. Both fragments are plano-convex, being rounded on one side and flat on the other. Ingots such as these were cast in a dish-shaped mould, and are often referred to as 'bun' ingots due to their shape. Ingots of raw metal were transported and traded throughout Britain and Europe during the Late Bronze Age. They were frequently broken up into fragments, ready to be smelted to make a range of bronze weaponry, tools and ornaments. Ingots (and ingot fragments) are a regular feature of LBA hoard deposits in southern England (cf. Turner 2010, 86-7). Numerous plano-convex ingot fragments have been recovered in Devon and the surrounding regions (e.g. Powell 2005a; 2005b), most notably the copper and tin ingots recovered from a probable shipwreck site off the coast of Salcombe (Roberts & Veysey 2011; Needham et al. forthcoming). Scientific analysis is currently being undertaken on the Salcombe finds at the British Museum (B. Roberts pers comm.). The Paignton finds are therefore significant for their potential (subject to future analysis) to reveal information regarding patterns of trade and exchange in the Late Bronze Age period in South-West of Britain.



Conclusion



As these two Late Bronze Age ingots were found within 1.5m of each other, they are most likely to originate from a single deposit, which has been dispersed. This material is eligible as Treasure under the Treasure Order (2002), as it is a base-metal prehistoric find containing two or more metal objects.



References



Needham, S., Parham, D. and Frieman, C. (eds) Forthcoming. Claimed by the sea: Salcombe, Langdon Bay and other marine finds of the Bronze Age. London: Council for British Archaeology



Powell, N. 2005a. DEV-677584 A BRONZE AGE INGOT Webpage available at: [Accessed: 25 Feb 2013 16:28:35]



Powell, N. 2005b. DEV-663AF1 A BRONZE AGE INGOT Webpage available at: [Accessed: 25 Feb 2013 16:31:07]



Roberts, B.W. and Veysey, C. 2011. Trading Places. British Museum Magazine (Autumn 2011), 44-5



Turner, L. 2010. A Re-Interpretation of the Later Bronze Age Metalwork Hoards of Essex and Kent, British Archaeological Reports (British Series) 507



Author:



Danielle Wootton



Finds Liaison Officer



Amended:



Neil Wilkin



Curator, Bronze Age Collection



British Museum



25/2/13","
The finder kindly donated the ingots to Torquay Museum.
",3,Copper alloy,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2011T441,,,,,,,2,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,,Torbay,Torbay,Churston-with-Galmpton,SX8957,From a paper map,50.40236128,-3.56324672,DEV-D9F1E2,,2011T441.JPG,Bronze Age ingots,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eltraherne/2011T441.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/427053.jpg
453731,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"A damaged fragment of Late Bronze Age (AD 900-700) copper alloy socketed axehead, consisting of part of the mouth, damaged body below and loop. It measures 36.62x42.05x30.07mm and weighs 35.7g.


The oval shaped mouth (36.79x30.07mm) is a single, outward-projecting moulding max.7.11mm thick from which extend ?4 vertical ribs on one face. The other face is badly damaged but at least 2 ribs are visible. At the edges of the axehead the casting flashes are visible, but have been worn down a little. On one of these sides a loop extends 25mm from the mouth moulding.


The damage is worn but probably not ancient. It could well have been casued by plough damage. Interestingly the damage is consistent with a large blow on one side, which is sometimes attributed to contemporary ritual destruction of the obect.


Axes with rib decoration date to the Ewart Park and Llynfawr phases, 900-700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-05-10T23:00:00Z,,,35.7,,,30.07,36.62,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chippenham Without,ST8975,Generated from computer mapping software,51.473853,-2.159768,WILT-DB2FE5,,Fry0711axehead.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Fry0711axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/337651.jpg
454439,Axehead,Bronze Age,,,-2050,-1700,"Early Bronze Age bronze Developed Flat Axe of Type Aylesford and of Stage IV metalworking, corresponding to Needham's (1996)  Period 3, dated to 2,050 - 1,700BC


The axe is complete (with a length of 155.3mm and a weight of 507.3g). The butt is moderately rounded and thin (with a width of 38.4mm and a thickness of 3mm). The sides are concave, narrowing to a point near the butt (with a width of 36.1mm and 35mm from the butt), before gradually diverging to approximately the midpoint and diverging sharply to the blade. The sides have been carefully hammered to produce a bevel and a central ridge. The blade is moderately curved and is unexpanded at the tips (producing a blade width of 82.3mm). There is no evidence of flanges on the edges of the face but the axe has a lozenge-shaped long section, indicating it to be of 'Developed' form. The median bevel occurs at the midpoint of the axe (approximately 77mm from the butt, where the axe has a maximum thickness of 13.5mm and a width of 41.1mm). The axe faces are convex across their widths at the blade and butt and are near-flat at the mid-section. A gentle blade facet is discernible on both faces (occurring around 11mm from the blade edge). There is no evidence of applied decoration on the axe and no definite sharpening striations at the blade. The surface is heavily-pitted with a pale-green corrosion; patches of the original surface survive with a silvery, dark-green patina. 


Aylseford axes are typologically the most primitive and therefore the earliest of the Developed axe types (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 60) . This find represents the thirteenth known example of a recorded Aylesford type axe from Wales, with a general distribution centred on Glamorganshire and eastern Gwent for the seven examples from South Wales.","Metallurgical analysis  was attempted, with the axe examined whole within the specimen chamber. Where possible, areas of metal exposed from under the surface corrosion were analysed and apart from very superficial surface swabbing of the artefact there was no sample preparation. The results are semi-quantitative and overall totals taken from minimally prepared surfaces are usually affected to some degree by the surface geometry of the artefact, including factors such as curvature, pitting and indentations. Other factors that can also affect the results include surface oxidation, surface enrichment or depletion of certain elements, contamination from closely adhering dirt, and preferential corrosion. 

Four separate readings were taken and the majority of the overall totals acquired were slightly low due to the factors described above. The results were normalised to 100% to obtain consistency between the readings and to make the analyses comparable with other results. The average results showed the axe composition to be an unleaded tin-bronze containing 84.3% - 92.0% (with a mean of 83.9%) copper with 7.8% - 23.9% (with a mean of 15.4%) tin. Trace elements of antimony, arsenic, nickel and sulphur were detected, with means of 0.6%, 0.4%, 0.3% and 0.2% respectively.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-07-13T23:00:00Z,,,,507.3,,,,155.3,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,Neath Port Talbot,Neath Port Talbot,Dyffryn Clydach,SS7299,,51.675141,-3.852564,PUBLIC-563066,,2010.279.1i.jpg,Early Bronze Age bronze Developed Flat Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.279.1i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/338106.jpg
454451,Axehead,Bronze Age,,,-2300,-2050,"Early Bronze Age copper flat axe of Type Ballybeg / Roseisle (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 27-8)  and of Metalwork Assemblage I to II, corresponding to Needham's (1996)  Period 2; dated to 2,300BC - 2,050BC


The axe is complete (with a length of 109.2mm and a weight of 356.1g). The butt is thin or sharp and arched (with a width of 36.9mm and a thickness of 2mm). Both faces are convex, giving the axe a lenticular body profile, with the thickest point (at 12.5mm) on the blade, approximately two-thirds of the way along the axe (around 40mm from the blade edge). There is no median bevel or blade facet on the faces, although the blade narrows sharply to the edge. The faces are flat across their widths, gradually becoming increasing convex towards the blade edge. The sides of the axe are straight and divergent along the upper half of the axe and are concave along the blade, turning out sharply at the ends to produce blade tips (which give the blade a width of 67.0mm). The blade edge is strongly-curved. The surface of the axe has a mid-green surface with areas of dark-brown surface loss.


This find represents the twenty-second known copper flat axe from Wales and the second identified as of Ballybeg / Roseisle type.","Metallurgical analysis  was attempted, with the axe was examined whole  within the specimen chamber. Where possible, areas of metal exposed from  under the surface corrosion were analysed and apart from very  superficial surface swabbing of the artefacts there was no sample  preparation. The results are semi-quantitative and overall totals taken  from minimally prepared surfaces are usually affected to some degree by  the surface geometry of the artefacts, including factors such as  curvature, pitting and indentations etc. Other factors that can also  affect the results include surface oxidation, surface enrichment or  depletion of certain elements, contamination from closely adhering dirt,  and preferential corrosion. 

Three separate readings were taken and  the majority of the overall totals acquired were slightly low due to the  factors described above. The results were normalised to 100% to obtain  consistency between the readings and to make the analyses comparable  with other results the average compositions showed the axe to be  predominantly copper at 99.2 - 99.8%. Trace elements of arsenic, tin and  antimony were detected, with averages of 0.23%, 0.14% and 0.23%  respectively",4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-07-29T23:00:00Z,,,,356.1,,,,109.2,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Tintern,ST5398,,51.678787,-2.681154,PUBLIC-569DE1,,2010.276.1i.jpg,Early Bronze Age copper flat axe of Type Ballybeg / Roseisle ,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.276.1i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/338112.jpg
456668,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe, of uncertain type and probably of Ewart Park Metalworking Assemblage, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950 - 750BC


The axe is fragmentary, represented by the blade only (with a surviving length of 33.1mm and a weight of 64.6g). The axe has broken near the base of the socket (with a length of 31.0mm, a surviving width of 9.9mm and a maximum surviving depth of 9.1mm). The axe is of sub-rectangular section at the break (where the axe has a width of 41mm and a maximum thickness of 18.0mm). The casting flashes are clear and raised on both sides and appear to have been finished by hammering. The sides curve outwards a little to produce a slightly expanded edge (producing a surviving blade width of 46.9mm). The blade faces are convex across both their lengths and width with no discernible blade facets and the original blade edge has been lost. There are no ribs extending onto the blade fragment. Where the surface survives, sharpening striations are evident running along the blade edge. Hammering facets are also discernible on both faces. The surface has a dark brown patination and elsewhere has a pale green corrosion.


The fragmentary state of the axe makes typological identification difficult; the form of the fragment is consistent with South Wales Type socketed axes. Socketed axes can date to the Wilburton metalworking phase of the Late Bronze Age, dated to c. 1150-950BC; or to Llyn Fawr, dated to 750-450BC, although most recovered socketed axes, including the South Wales type are of the Ewart Park phase (950-750BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-05-04T23:00:00Z,2010-06-18T23:00:00Z,,,64.6,,,,33.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,Myddfai,,,,,PUBLIC-90F535,,2010.130.1i.JPG,Bronze Age Socketed Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.130.1i.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/339755.jpg
456831,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axehead. Only the blade end and part of its body survive. The socket aperture is sub rectangular in shape. However, the socket aperture has been broken with one side bent inward, distorting its shape. A casting seam is also visible on one side. The blade is slightly worn as evidenced by a small chip near the centre and blunted corners of the blade. One face and both sides of the blade are of a dark brown patina, with areas of light green patina. The other face is of a light green patina (especially towards the blade edge) with dark brown patina in the middle. The socket is patinated a light orange/yellow colour.


Length: 52.88mm; Width: 49.21mm; Thickness: 14.83mm; Weight: 105.65g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,2003-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,105.65,,,14.83,52.88,1,Mary Blevins,Carole Bloom,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,,,,,,,SWYOR-A7C064,,PAS_1506_axe.jpg,Axe Head,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bloom/PAS_1506_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/339952.jpg
457000,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,"Cast copper alloy socketed axe blade fragment length 50mm, width 49mm, thickness 14mm, weight 53.7g.  Only the blade remains, this has a curved cutting edge which extends out from the main body of the axe.  The axe has been truncated just behind the blade where the base of the socket starts.  Date late Bronze Age 1100BC-800BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-08T00:00:00Z,2011-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,53.7,,,14,50,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,South Gloucestershire,South Gloucestershire,Charfield,ST7290,From finder,51.608132,-2.405727,GLO-BBC0C6,,4483socketedaxeblade.jpg,socketed axe blade,Bristol City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/4483socketedaxeblade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/340077.jpg
457453,Awl,Bronze Age,,,,,"A cast copper-alloy awl or tracer of possible Bronze Age date. The artefact has a thin body with square cross-section that tapers to a point at one end. At the other the 'tang' narrows to a point. This point end has been bent away from the tip. The awl has a variable mid/dark-green patina. It measures 64.0mm (length) x 4.4mm (max. width) x 4.3mm (max. thickness) and weighs 4.32g.


Such construction is typical of prehistoric awls which are thought to date from the late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.32,,,4.3,64,1,Jon Cotton,Kath Creed,London,Greater London Authority,Hammersmith and Fulham,Ravenscourt Park,TQ2278,Generated from computer mapping software,51.487798,-0.244249,LON-137977,,awl.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Museum of London,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kcreed/awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/344539.jpg
458084,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1125,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age spear head dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1125 BC, and probably the later part of this period, 1400 - 1125 BC. The fragment consists of only the very tip of the spearhead - it has a narrow and slender tip with a pronounced midrib. The midrib is sub-triangular in section and is flanked by tapering wings that join at the tip. The tip damaged and abraded. The slenderness of the spear-tip suggests a long narrow spear head, although as only the very tip survives it is not possible to identify the exact form or class of spear head. Although only a fragment survives, such elongated examples, with a mid-rib which extends to the tip, and which is flanked by wings as described above, might belong to the incorporated or projecting basal looped categories, Davis Groups 8 or 9, dated to the later Middle Bronze Age, 'current in the Taunton and Penard periods', 1400 - 1125 BC (Davis 2017).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-05-14T23:00:00Z,2011-05-14T23:00:00Z,,,7.93,,,6.72,41.32,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Bassetlaw,Walkeringham,SK7493,Generated from computer mapping software,53.428607,-0.887757,SWYOR-8E7758,,PAS_1519_Spearhead.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1519_Spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/341313.jpg
458330,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper alloy palstave axehead dating from the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500-1150 BC). Damage in antiquity leaves the butt end of the axehead incomplete, and active bronze disease has created pitting all over the axehead's surface; areas of the original surface are missing due to this corrosion. The axehead retains most of its shopping blade, which flares out very slowly and slightly from the main body of the axe. The moulding seam is visible down both edges of the axehead but there is no evidence for a loop of any sort. The stop-ridge projects above a shallow channel that retains most of its original surface. This is one of two Bronze Age axeheads recovered from the same field, albeit from opposing ends. The other is recorded as BERK-A83841.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,126.9,,,19.88,114.89,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Kintbury,SU4064,Centred on field,51.373654,-1.426727,BERK-A91506,,2011214.jpg,Bronze Age axehead: Middle Bronze Age PalstaveAxehead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011214.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/341582.jpg
458394,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,A very abraded fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead. >19 x 18mm. Weighing 5.4g. c. 1000 - c. 700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-02-01T00:00:00Z,2010-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,5.4,,,,19,1,Andrew Rogerson,Emma Whitcombe,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Scole,TM1878,,52.356686,1.199909,NMS-BA8E53,,53857_BA_Axehead_1.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ewhitcombe/53857_BA_Axehead_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/341632.jpg
458455,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragmentary copper-alloy dirk or rapier of middle to late Bronze Age date, c. 1500-1100 BC.


The dirk or rapier fragment is sub-triangular, with the incomplete base and shoulders and the base of the blade. The base would have been semi-circular or similar in outline, and the top edge of a rivet hole remains at the end. A central spine runs down the length of the fragment, with very worn and corroded edges remaining. In section, the blade is lozenge-shaped. While corrosion has undoubtably removed much of the blade, it seems likely that the blade edges has been worn through use in the Bronze Age and probably resharpened. The narrow point remaining on the fragment is probably due to breakage and corrosion of the dirk or rapier in the Bronze Age, with further corrosion in the post-depositional environment.


While the size of the fragment suggests the object was a dirk, comparison with rapiers from Northumberland indicates that it is only a few mm smaller in width at the shoulders in comparison with complete examples. Thus the possibility that the fragment was from a rapier cannot be dismissed.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,22.5,,,4.48,68.2,1,Lauren Proctor,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Whittington,NZ0171,From a paper map,55.03352,-1.98589,NCL-BCC384,,IMG_7490.jpg,Bronze Age dirk or rapier fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/IMG_7490.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/341681.jpg
458481,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A complete late Bronze Age socketed axe. 


The axe has three ridges below the stop, filed seams and a hammered blade.


Dimensions:


Blade width - 38-60mm


Depth of socket - 61.21mm


Width of socket - 36.63mm x 34.65mm


Width of axe, including loop - 40.86mm","
This axe is a Type Yorkshire axe which belongs to the Ewart Park phase of the late Bronze Age. This type of axe has concentrations in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and also in East Anglia.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-03-31T23:00:00Z,2011-04-29T23:00:00Z,,,198,,,,85.7,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Bishopstone,SU2581,GPS (from the finder),51.527363,-1.641023,SUR-BD3084,,11-659.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-659.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/341704.jpg
458653,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"Bronze Age bronze spearhead fragment, of uncertain type and of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 700BC


The spearhead is fragmentary and is represented by the tip only (with a surviving length of 47.8mm and a weight of 22.7g). The spearhead has broken across the blade in antiquity and near the end of a circular socket (4.1mm diameter at the break and with a surviving depth of 5.8mm), positioned slightly off-centre. The fragment has a prominent rounded midrib (giving the spearhead a maximum surviving thickness of 10.5mm where the fragment has a maximum surviving width of 19.8mm). The midrib weakens slightly towards the tip but remains prominent. The original blade edges and tip have been lost, making the original outline uncertain but the more complete edge is gently convex and may originally have been straight or near-straight. Patches of the original surface survive with a dark-green patina. Sharpening striations are discernible running both along the blade and at an acute angle to the blade edge.


Socketed spearheads begin in the Acton Park metalworking industry dated to the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age and continue to the Llyn Fawr Industry at the very end of the Bronze Age, although spearheads of the Llyn Fawr industry are rarely recovered, with most spearheads dating to the Ewart Park phase or before. Needham (1996) dates the corresponding Industries from his Period 5, begging c. 1500BC to the end of Period 7 at c. 750BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-06-30T23:00:00Z,2010-08-05T23:00:00Z,,,22.7,,,,47.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Simone-Louise Johnson,Wales,Powys,Powys,Glyn Tarell,SO0227,,51.932852,-3.426789,PUBLIC-CEE337,,2010.187.1.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.187.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/341866.jpg
458783,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,"Bronze Age axe blade, probably of Middle to Late Bronze Age, c. 1,500 - 700BC


The axe is fragmentary, represented by part of the blade edge (with a surviving length of 25.6mm, a surviving width of 30.9mm, a maximum surviving thickness of 10.4mm and a weight of 37.7g). The surviving side is near-straight and slightly divergent to the blade tip (producing a surviving blade width of 30.0mm). The side suggests that the axe was of slightly hexagonal section. The casting seam is evident and has been fettled, seemingly by hammering. The axe faces were gently concave across their widths but slightly convex across their lengths. At the break there is the slight suggestion of a rectangular base to a socket, possibly suggesting that the axe has broken across the socket base, although the identification is somewhat speculative. There is a notch in the blade edge which seemingly occurred in antiquity. The current surface is heavily-pitted with a mid-green patina.


The casting seam on the axe implies a casting technology using a two or three piece mould technology and therefore an axe of cast-flanged type at the earliest, and more likely a palstave or socketed axe fragment. The speculative identification of the socket base may indicate a Late Bronze Age date, c. 1,200 - 700BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-08-05T23:00:00Z,2010-10-21T23:00:00Z,,,37.7,,,10.4,25.6,1,Simone-Louise Johnson,Simone-Louise Johnson,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Grittleton,ST8581,,51.527709,-2.217617,PUBLIC-D1C0C5,,2010.234.5i.jpg,Bronze Age Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/simj3/2010.234.5i.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/341958.jpg
459679,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-700,"Middle-Late Bronze Age	incomplete copper alloy tanged chisel, wrought and beaten rectangular-sectioned tang with sides folded onto both faces, tapering to broken terminal at upper end and splays with rounded shoulders to slightly trapezoidal flat-sectioned blade with fine pockmarks on surfaces. Splayed 'horns' flank curved cutting edge. Length >50mm. Width 21mm. c. 1600 - c. 700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-11-01T00:00:00Z,2009-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,50,1,Steven Ashley,Emma Whitcombe,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Attleborough,TM0596,,52.523294,1.020339,NMS-3DCA90,,30099_BA_Chisel_1.JPG,Middle-late Bronze Age chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ewhitcombe/30099_BA_Chisel_1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/342761.jpg
459689,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of hollow ring, thin-sectioned body (<1mm) squashed and broken, external diameter 70mm, internal diameter 30mm. c. 1000 - c. 700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-11-01T00:00:00Z,2009-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,70,1,,1,Steven Ashley,Emma Whitcombe,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Wendling,TF9413,,52.679953,0.868382,NMS-4115B2,,42701_BA_Ring_1.JPG,Bronze Age ring,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ewhitcombe/42701_BA_Ring_1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/342779.jpg
459892,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1125,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy spearhead, probably dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1125 BC, probably in the later part of this period, 1400 - 1125 BC. The fragment consists of only the very tip of the spearhead - it has a narrow and slender tip with a pronounced midrib. The midrib is rounded in section and is flanked by tapering wings that join at the tip. There are pronounced edge bevels which are 3-4mm from the edge of the spear. The tip is slightly damaged and abraded. One of the wings has broken at the wider end but has been glued back together. The edges of the spear head are worn and chipped. The break at the wider end is patinated. The mid rib is hollow. Since only the tip of the spear head has survived it is not possible to identify an exact form or class of spear head. However, there are perhaps similarities to Triangular spear heads from the Penard Phase (1300 - 1140 BC) in the middle Bronze Age. Please compare to PAS record IDs: SWYOR-8E7758 and YORYM-6DB701. Should such an identification from the fragment be correct, the most likely classification would be of a 'projecting basal looped' spearhead, Davis Group 9. Davis (2017) notes that 'these were current in the Taunton and Penard phases', about 1400 - 1125 BC. 



Length: 117mm; Width: 37mm; Thickness: 15.1mm; Weight: 55.1g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-02-01T00:00:00Z,2011-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,55.1,,,15.1,117,1,Mary Blevins,Mary Blevins,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Stainforth,SE6210,Centred on field,53.582934,-1.064974,SWYOR-50B9D5,,PAS_1462_spear.jpg,Bronze Age Spear Head,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mblevins/PAS_1462_spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/343895.jpg
460139,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2150,100,"Bronze age/Iron age? copper alloy awl? 55mm long, 10 mm in diameter and weighing 13.02grams. The object is in fair condition with a lot of its surface mssing. It is circular in section, with one half being wider than the other. each half tapers to a sharp point.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2011-08-09T23:00:00Z,,,13.02,,,,55,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Shilton,SP4084,Centred on parish,52.452498,-1.412828,LEIC-77D6E6,,77D6E6.JPG,Prehistoric copper alloy awl,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/77D6E6.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/343163.jpg
460305,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy spearhead fragment,  42mm long, 14mm wide and 7mm thick.  The object is in fair condition and weighs 10.38grams.  The object consists of the tip end of the spearhead and has a circular sectioned central rib surrounded by very worn blade (which appears incomplete) which tapers slightly in width towards one end.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.38,,,7,42,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Nuneaton and Bedworth,NUNEATON,SP3691,Centred on parish,52.515703,-1.470931,LEIC-CBDDD1,,CBDDD1.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy spearhead,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/CBDDD1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/343446.jpg
460422,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy blade fragment, 19mm long, 18mm wide and 3mm thick. The fragment is in fair condition and weighs 3.73grams. The object is sub rectangular in form and slightly trapezoidal in section with one intact, but very worn original edge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-05-20T23:00:00Z,,,,3.73,,,3,19,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,West Langton,SP7192,GPS (from the finder),52.521263,-0.955025,LEIC-E02F07,,E02F07.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy blade fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/E02F07.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/343759.jpg
460644,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-300,"An incomplete copper alloy Middle Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (1500-300 BC) 'half-moustache'-like object, measuring 35.13x(max)17.52x(max)17.80mm and weighing 38.73g.

On the underside the object is tear-drop shaped, with a circular hole c.9mm in diameter at the wider end. The edges of the hole are jagged but worn, suggesting ancient damage. The hole is 5.59mm deep and conical. The underside tapers to 8.72mm wide before rounding at the other end.


In profile the object has a large hump at the wider end, 17.36mm tall. The underside is slightly convex at this point. The hump narrows and drops in a curve, the very end curling back upwards to a worn point 2.7mm in diameter.


The surface of the object is greeny-grey in colour with areas of heavy pitting.


These moustache-like objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117). Three other examples are known besides the nineteen-odd recorded on the PAS database. Some of these are single examples, while others are 'double' sometimes with a central perforation. This suggests the object was meant to top something that fitted into this gap. Descriptions of other moustache-like objects with perforations describe iron corrosion or wood mineralisation around the perforation. Although very similar to wing-shaped chapes, it seems unlikely they had a similar function, as the perforation (and size of the object) is comparably small. Dr JD Hill feels these objects date to the Iron Age while Jody Joy and Ben Roberts suggest a Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-04T23:00:00Z,2011-06-06T23:00:00Z,,,38.73,,,17.8,35.13,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Salisbury,SU1331,From a paper map,51.07817823,-1.81580485,WILT-F9DDA2,,Guyatt0811unid.jpg,Iron Age Unidentified object,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/Guyatt0811unid.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/343966.jpg
461018,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-500,"A cast copper alloy awl of Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age date. The awl  is 89.57mm long and has a thickened centre. From the centre one end is  rectangular in section and ends in a chisel-form terminal. The other end  has a circular section and ends in a point.


Compare to: SUR-C9E798, SUR-698003 and YORYM-07C135.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.9,,,,89.57,1,David Watson,David Watson,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,North Cave,SE8832,,53.776907,-0.666117,PUBLIC-5155C5,,Bronze  Awl no 2.jpg,BRONZE AGE AWL.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/Donnydave/Bronze  Awl no 2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/344340.jpg
461227,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-950,"A copper alloy socketed axehead dating from the Bronze Age. The axe has a subrectangular socket mouth with a moulded rim and single attachment loop. There appears to be dark, organic material within the socket mouth. A casting seam is visible above the fracture on the axe blade. The axe has fractured obliquely; the two pieces were found by a metal detectorist approximately 1m apart. There are small areas of pitting across the surface containing a powdery green corrosion product.


The blade is an unusual shape, having lateral indentations similar to another socketed axehead from the Nettleham hoard (P.J.Davey, Bronze Age Metalwork from Lincolnshire, p.103). The blade is comparable in form to earlier palstave axeheads, and this object may therefore represent a transitional form between the Middle and Late Bronze Age. Colin Burgess described this as metalwork stage XI (Wilburton). The most recent and generally accepted revised chronology by Needham (1996) would place it in his Period 6, 1150-950 cal BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-08-26T23:00:00Z,,,"Central Searchers, Alford, Lincs",126.2,,,21.1,80.8,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Alford,TF4476,GPS (from the finder),53.261461,0.157404,LIN-63F291,,AL478.jpg,Bronze age socketed axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/AL478.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/344549.jpg
461488,Axe,Bronze Age,,,2050,1700,"Early Bronze Age flat axe head, probably miniature form.


The axe is very worn/corroded around the edges. Although generally flat in profile, there is a distinct thickening in the middle of the body of the axe and evidence of a nick and perhaps even negligible evidence of a flange on one side. The butt tapers towards the end to a rounded point. The blade is quite corroded on one edge and bulges out slightly on the other edge making it non-semetrical.


The surface is rather pitted with corrosion but some of the original patina remains.


This axe measures 79.07mm in length, 29.65mm width at the blade end, 8.86mm at the butt end, 8.86mm thickness at the middle (thickest).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-30T23:00:00Z,2011-07-11T23:00:00Z,,,61.7,,,8.86,79.07,1,Sarah Pevely,Sarah Pevely,Wales,Flintshire,Flintshire,Connah's Quay,SJ2770,Centred on field,53.22201252,-3.09482137,DEN-77E054,,BAaxeDSCN0547.jpg,Early Bronze Age Flat Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/spevely/BAaxeDSCN0547.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/344899.jpg
461685,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy socketed axehead fragment; blade end only. The blade end is curved. The casting seams on the side of the axe have been smoothed. The socket end is rectangular and the walls are of irregular thickness. It has a mid green patina. The break and the cutting edge are both heavily abraded. There is a small amount of pitting on the surface of the metal.


It is 43.21mm wide across the blade end, 28.74mm wide by 12.05mm thick across the break, with the socket opening being 15.63mm by 4.01mm wide. Weight 42.4 grams. Length 27.09mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,,24.4,,,,27.09,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,Greenstead Green and Halstead Rural,TL7523,Centred on parish,51.878105,0.54096,ESS-8C03E6,,ESS-8C03E6.jpg,ESS-8C03E6 Bronze Age socketed axehead,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-8C03E6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/352740.jpg
461994,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a Middle to Late Bronze Age blade from a dirk, rapier or sword. The sub-rectangular piece has been broken off at both ends. Both surfaces are convex, but there is no sign of a pronounced mid rib. The  fragment tapers slightly (W. 28-26mm) and has an elongated  lozenge-shaped section  (Th. 4-7mm).","
Seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-08-21T23:00:00Z,,,,24.56,23.7,,7.2,,1,Tony Bishenden,Tony Bishenden,South East,Kent,Dover,Tilmanstone,TR3050,GPS (from the finder),51.202883,1.291061,PUBLIC-DAE625,,brzweap1.jpg,weaponblade1,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bish/brzweap1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/345295.jpg
462200,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"An incomplete cast differentially corroded hook-shaped dense base-metal object, of probable Bronze Age dating.


The artefact is semi-circular in plan, and oval in cross section. It has a rectangular hollow opening, which still contains some soil. The top then flattens out before narrowing and curving to a point. In form and size it resembles the tusk of a pig or wild boar. Original, but longitudinally cracking surfaces survive on the interior concave curved side however original surfaces are almost entirely missing on the exterior convex shaped side.


Microscope examination of the exterior surface suggests a small area of original surface survives approximately 18-22mm from the tapering tip end, indicating that the object was probably originally tapered in shape and not broken or differentially eroded here. The original surfaces have a dark grey black patina, while the corroded surfaces are a mottled light to mid-grey color.


It measures 56.63mm in length, 37.60mm wide and 14.47mm thick. It weighs 40.4 grams.


Metallurgical analysis found the object to be made of pure tin.


Identification of this object is at present unknown, but it was found in the same hole, touching the Socketed Axe head, LVPL-F314E0, suggesting that it is of Bronze Age date and therefore potential Treasure. Tin was a key metal of the Bronze Age, alloyed with copper to form bronze. While there is no determining technological or compositional feature to confidently date this hook-shaped object specifically to the Late Bronze Age, its form and corrosion is consistent with being an ancient rather than a modern object.


Careful examination of the hook-shaped tin object suggests it was deliberately shaped as an attachment or handle to a larger object, although the possibilities of it being an unusually shaped adornment, talisman or ingot cannot be discounted. The hollowed-out, widened and sub-rectangular shaped top would appear to have been the point of attachment to a larger composite object, the head slotting into a peg or projecting fitting. Observation of the narrowing end with a microscope gives tentative support for it having been deliberately shaped and tapered, rather than the outcome of differential corrosion and damage since burial. This suggests that it was only secured at one end. It is possible that the tin hook was once the hidden core of a handle or attachment with a sheet or cast bronze outer surface.",,4,Tin or tin alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2011-08-20T23:00:00Z,,2011W27,,40.4,,,14.47,56.63,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,Wales,Flintshire,Flintshire,,,,,,LVPL-F33C38,,LVPL-F33C38.jpg,Bronze Age: Unidentified object,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/LVPL-F33C38.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/345566.jpg
462647,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A cast copper-alloy developed flat axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (c.2000 BC -c.1700 BC ) which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3.


The blade end is crescentic in form, flaring to either side of the axe, the cutting edge is damaged in places but otherwise is in good condition. It has a flat, rectangular body that gradually tapers towards the butt end. Half way along the axe on either side is a shallow stop-ridge that seem to be early forms of the more prominant versions seen on palstaves. 


The axe has a brownish patina; the surface is smooth and in good condition.


The axe is probably an Aylesford type developed flat axe, dating from 2150-1500 BC. Similar examples can be seen in Moore and Rowlands, plate VI. See also YORYM-0D0388 on this database.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Dunston,TF0863,Generated from computer mapping software,53.153194,-0.386432,LIN-207EF7,,LIN2011-906.jpg,Bronze age developed flat axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2011-906.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/346062.jpg
463001,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"The remains of a cast coper alloy socketed chisel dating to the Late Bronze Age (1150-800BC). The chisel consists of part of the blade head, which is flared at the cutting tip, and a tapering body that leads to the remains of the socket. The spearhead is worn, pited and corroded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-07-08T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - Horspath July 2011,,,,12.26,51.7,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Horspath,SP5605,Recorded at a rally,51.740915,-1.190367,BERK-724EC7,,2011230.jpg,Bronze Age Chisel: Socketed chisel,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011230.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/346373.jpg
463435,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2200,-1600,"A fragment of an early Bronze Age flat axe, dating from about  2200- 1600 BC.


Both ends of the axe are missing. It is  corroded all over the surface and this has caused pitting. The axe has a  rectangular cross-section, tapering in thickness towards the blade which flares out sideways from the body. The breaks are worn and patinated.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-05-31T23:00:00Z,2011-07-06T23:00:00Z,,,93.52,,,9.6,55.2,1,Mary Blevins,Mary Blevins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Dalby-cum-Skewsby,SE6270,Generated from computer mapping software,54.12213331,-1.0528811,SWYOR-9C0454,,PAS_1533_Axe.jpg,Bronze Age axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1533_Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/347019.jpg
463490,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"
A small fragment of a probable Bronze Age plano-convex copper alloy bun ingot.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,2011-04-30T23:00:00Z,2011-05-30T23:00:00Z,,,42.17,,,13.65,39.28,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Outwood,TQ3145,From finder,51.18922,-0.126824,SUR-9DC4E4,,11-712.jpg,Bronze Age: Metalworking debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-712.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/350045.jpg
463518,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"
A small fragment comprising the corner of the blade a very worn Bronze Age axe, possibly of socketed form. The fragment shows no sign of a socket.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-30T23:00:00Z,2011-05-30T23:00:00Z,,,13.18,,,8.82,26.86,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Crawley,SU4334,Generated from computer mapping software,51.103695,-1.387222,SUR-9ED451,,11-725.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-725.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/346863.jpg
463768,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (probably bronze) socketed spear (spear head) of Middle to Late Bronze Age dating (1500 to 800 BC).



The spearhead fragment consists of the upper part of the spear, being broken at the top of the socket. The edges of the blade are lost. The spearhead fragment is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with a distinct bi-convex shaped cross section. The lower portion of the spearhead has been lost and the break is too high to include the cast side loops. The break at the base of the spearhead includes the top of the socket which is sub circular in shape and positioned toward one side of the section.



At the break the socket has an internal diameter of 6.00mm and the sockets depth is 12.17mm. The blade (sides) of the spearhead is incomplete having been heavily abraded in the burial environment. This damage has resulted in the loss of shape to the blade and the blunting / loss of the tip. The spear blades cutting edges have been lost, however, the overall shape of the blade can be probably be ascribed to being leaf-shaped. The centre of the blade is divided by an expanding (tip to base) lozenge sectioned shaped midrib. This midrib originally expanded into the socket of the spear. The central line of the mid-rib extends to break and is more distinct on one face. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead.



The spearhead is a dark brown to mid green colour with an even but much corroded patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in the loss of some of the original surface and patina. There is no evidence for the preservation of organic material within the socket.



The spearhead fragment measures 65.57mm length, has a maximum width of 23.74mm and maximum thickness of 11.53mm. The spearhead weighs 33.1 grams



It is likely that the style of this type of spearhead can be attributed to the Middle Bronze Age; specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). However, many of the diagnostic characteristics (such as loops, peg holes and blade shape) have been lost and so a wider date range is suggested above. Possibly Davis Group 6 of the developed side looped type.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,33.1,,,11.53,65.57,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Whittington,SJ3328,From finder,52.845319,-2.996231,LVPL-B52337,,lvpl-b52337.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age: Socketed Spear head,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/lvpl-b52337.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/347099.jpg
464216,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1000,-800,"A fragmentary socketed axehead of Bronze Age date, c. 1000-800.


Only the blade remains, broken from the body, with the internal hollow of the blade visible.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-07-31T23:00:00Z,2011-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,13.2,,,8.24,31.8,1,Emma Morris,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Leake,SE4390,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),54.303804,-1.340704,NCL-1B1226,,IMG_7763.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/IMG_7763.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/347519.jpg
464328,Fish Hook,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2400,-450,"A copper object, made from circular-section wire which tapers from about 6mm in diameter at a blunt, squared-off wider end to about 4mm immediately below, then gently tapers to c. 3mm at the curve. It curves around a little over 180 degrees to form a hook which measures in total c. 42mm long by 24mm wide. The tip is pointed and has no barb; there is no hole or eye for attachment at the blunt end.



This object is strikingly similar to an object known as a fish hook, now in the British Museum (1989,0601.225), which was apparently found in the 'Batheaston' hoard of Bronze Age and Iron Age objects. The hoard was not recorded at the time of discovery, and was then dispersed by sale; the findspot is thought to be either Batheaston, near Bath, or Wylye, Wiltshire.



Because of the possibility that this object was a prehistoric fish hook, it was given an XRF analysis to determine the composition of its surface. This gave a result of 99.99 % copper and 0.01 % arsenic, which is unfortunately not diagnostic of any particular date.



It is large for a fish hook, and pure copper, being relatively soft, is perhaps not the best material for a hook intended to catch large, powerful fish. It may alternatively be a pin.","
Thanks to Dr Neil Wilkin (British Museum) for opinions given on an image of this object.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-04-13T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,40,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,,Lancashire,Lancaster,Silverdale,SD4575,,54.16783577,-2.84393369,LANCUM-1F3187,,LANCUM-1F3187-1.jpg,A copper alloy fish hook dated by XREF analysis to the early Bronze Age 2400 - 1500BC,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM-1F3187-1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/347663.jpg
464387,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A corroded fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed axehead of Late Bronze Age date (c. 1150 - c. 800 BC). The fragment consists of part of the rim of the socket extending down into the body, with the loop present. Little of the curvature of the mouth is discernible but it would appear to be angular rather than smooth. There is a raised band on the outer side by the mouth. A possible further, lower band is visible beyond. At right angles to the bands is a possible casting seam, extending into the loop. The semicircular loop is around 23.8mm long, 9.5mm high, and is 8.7mm wide and 3.8mm thick at its centre. The breaks on all sides are worn and the metal is light/mid green with light-brown patches in places. Insufficient remains to identify to which phase or style it belongs.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-11-08T00:00:00Z,,,,13.36,16.3,,6.2,32.7,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Headbourne Worthy,SU4831,Generated from computer mapping software,51.076325,-1.316212,HAMP-2F8427,,HAMP-2F8427socketedaxe.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-2F8427socketedaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/347729.jpg
464429,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"
A rough and pitted fragment from the blade of a probable palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. A later date cannot be ruled out but there is no sign of a socket and the fragment is thin. Nothing of the original surfaces survive.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-30T23:00:00Z,2011-05-30T23:00:00Z,,,43.68,,,,31.92,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Rudgwick,TQ0632,From finder,51.077543,-0.488235,SUR-32A7C1,,11-743.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-743.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/347788.jpg
464999,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-3300,-2100,"A fragment of a copper-alloy spearhead dating to the Early Bronze Age.  


Only the tip of the spearhead remains. It is sub triangular in plan with a midrib and is pointed-oval in cross section. The metal is green in colour and very worn. The object weighs 13.4g and measures 40.51mm in length, 15.02mm in width and 8.34mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-06-30T23:00:00Z,2011-08-15T23:00:00Z,,,13.4,,,8.34,40.51,1,Emma Morris,Emma Morris,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Whittingham,NU0510,GPS (from the finder),55.38395,-1.92263,NCL-ADAA17,,IMG_7676.jpg,Bronze Age Tanged Spear,Newcastle University,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/emorris/IMG_7676.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/348272.jpg
465003,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-3300,-2100,"A copper alloy object that has not been identified. It could possibly date from the Bronze Age, as a Bronze Age spear was found in the same location. The object is rod shaped with a rough surface. The metal is mainly a dark green with some light green areas. It weighs 23.2g and measures 60.35mm in length, 10.15mm in width and 7.54mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-06-30T23:00:00Z,2011-08-15T23:00:00Z,,,23.2,,,7.54,60.35,1,Emma Morris,Emma Morris,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Whittingham,NU0510,GPS (from the finder),55.38395,-1.92263,NCL-ADCFD5,,IMG_7682.jpg,Bronze Age Unidentified object,Newcastle University,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/emorris/IMG_7682.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/348277.jpg
465345,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"Bronze Age (circa 1150 to 800 BC) cast copper alloy socketed axehead. The axe is incomplete, with a deliberate break across the body, removing the blade end. The mouth opening is rectangular with rounded corners; there is a double mouth moulding, with the upper moulding being wider and more pronounced than the lower moulding. The side loop extends from the lower moulding. The casting seam is visible down the side of the axe and loop. The body of the axe has been slightly distorted, being crushed inwards, making the opening of the deliberate break narrower. The axe has an even brown patina, with small patches of light green corrosion showing through, particularly around the lower break.


The axe is about 60mm long and weighs approximately 140 grams (provided by the finder).","
Find reported via email; Identification from finders photographs
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-20T23:00:00Z,,,,140,,,,60,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,Thorpe-le-Soken,TM2122,From finder,51.852814,1.207586,ESS-D91037,,ESS-D91037.jpg,ESS-D91037 Bronze Age Socketed Axe,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-D91037.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/352970.jpg
465604,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy spearhead fragment, 81mm long, 29mm wide and 18mm thick. The object is in good condition and weighs 38.44grams. The object has a central conical shaft which tapers to a narrow point. This is flanked by gently curving blades with extremely thin, sharp, but damaged edges.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,38.44,,,18,81,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Ufton,SP3762,Centred on parish,52.254935,-1.459388,LEIC-F1E5D7,,F1E5D7.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy spearhead,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/F1E5D7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/349006.jpg
465829,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1600,"A cast copper-alloy flat axehead of the early Bronze Age, dating from circa 2000 to 1600 BC.  The axehead is complete but has suffered from considerable abrasion and  the blade is no longer sharp. The axehead is sub-triangular in plan and  lozenge shaped in profile, with a thickness of 8.62 mm thick in the  centre, tapering down to 2.95 mm at the blade end and 2.5 mm at the  butt. The axe flares gradually from 10.3 mm wide at the butt to 80.65 mm  at the widest point, just before the edge of the blade. It measures 168.5 mm in length and weighs 374.8 grams. The surface is pitted through abrasion and corrosion and has a predominantly pale brown patina with areas of green where the surface patina has been damaged. 


Bronze Age flat axes are amongst the earliest types of metal artefacts recovered in Britain, and are the earliest form of metal axes used.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-07-02T23:00:00Z,,,,374.8,,,8.62,168.5,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Yoxall,SK1419,From finder,52.768417,-1.793943,WMID-2B3544,,WMID-2B3544.jpg,Early Bronze Age copper-alloy flat axe,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-2B3544.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/349517.jpg
468595,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete late Bronze Axe socketed axe measuring 98.42mm in length and weighing 193g. The axe is in reasonable condition although the blade is damaged and appears to be laminating. There is also much surface iron staining and patches of the surface are missing in a number of places. There are surface scratches on one side only. The socket at the rim measures 30.72mm x 28.17mm. The axe is a dull olive brown except for the base of the socket which is patinated bright green.



The axe is of Southeastern type. It has a slight swelling collar level with the top of the loop. The axe appears unused as the stubs of both runners (where the molten metal led into the mould) project above the socket, and the seams have not been filed smooth.","
This axe, apparently unused, may have been intended as a votive deposit, particularly in view of its valley bottom location.
",3,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2011-09-30T23:00:00Z,2011-10-23T23:00:00Z,,,193,,,39.51,98.42,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Waverley,Wonersh,TQ0146,From finder,51.204293,-0.555663,SUR-7D5C15,,DSCN4401.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN4401.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/351481.jpg
469567,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age? copper alloy bun ingot, 120mm long 68mm wide and 30mm thick. The object is in a very corroded condition and weighs 677grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,677,,,30,120,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Foxton,SP7091,,52.512404,-0.969971,LEIC-FFEE16,,LEIC-FFEE16.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy bun ingot,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC-FFEE16.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/352288.jpg
469858,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy blade fragment, 26mm long, 17mm wide and 5mm thick at its centre. The object is in fair condition and weighs 7.86grams. The object consists of a central fragment of a blade with very worn edges and is rectangular in form and sub rectangular in cross section with a defined medial ridge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-19T23:00:00Z,,,,7.86,,,5,26,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,Eastern,Suffolk,Suffolk Coastal,Framlingham,TM2863,Centred on parish,52.217998,1.336356,LEIC-170C10,,170C10.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy blade fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/170C10.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/352658.jpg
470045,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-800,"Mid to Late Bronze age copper alloy spearhead fragment, 45mm long, 19mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 11.96grams. It consists of the upper part of a spear head, just missing its tip and broken off cleanly at its base. The object has a pronounced central rib which is circular in section and from this two sub triangular blades emerge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.96,,,7,45,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Peatling Magna,SP5892,From a paper map,52.522799,-1.146595,LEIC-2A7E53,,2A7E53.JPG,Bronze age  copper alloy spear head,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/2A7E53.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/352843.jpg
470100,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-1500,"Early Bronze age flat axe.  The axe is sub- rectangular in form and section and has slightly bowed sides with raised edges. The blade fans out from the body forming an almost semi-circular cutting edge. The axe has no signs of decoration and is missing parts of its surface.  The object is in fair condition and is 59mm long, 49mm wide, 10mm thick and weighs 73.68grams.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,73.68,,,10,59,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Hinckley and Bosworth,Markfield,SK4710,From a paper map,52.685661,-1.306153,LEIC-2BE776,,2BE776.JPG,Early Bronze age flat axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/2BE776.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/352879.jpg
470252,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Three ingot fragments were found in the parish of Furneux Pelham in Hertfordshire.



Description



1. Copper alloy ingot fragment, light green and brown patina



Weight: 126.5g, Max Length: 52.22mm, Max Width: 36.95mm



2. Copper alloy ingot fragment, light green patina.



Weight: 104.3g, Max Length: 41.68mm, Max Width: 32.51mm



3. Copper alloy ingot fragment, light green patina.



Weight: 116.5g Max Length: 56.19mm, Max Width: 42.02mm



Discussion 



Copper alloy ingot fragments in hoards are typical the Late Bronze Age (c. 1100-800 BC) where they are relatively common. Comparable ingot fragments have been found at Ayot St Lawrence in Hertfordshire (2011 T86).



Conclusion



The objects qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).",TVC Valuation 15/11/2012: £10,3,Copper alloy,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2011T735,,,,,,,3,Julian Watters,Julian Watters,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Furneux Pelham,TL4426,,51.91392,0.092208,BH-3E31A6,,2011T735.JPG,Bronze Age hoard,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eltraherne/2011T735.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/428701.jpg
470654,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
A blade fragment from a late Bronze Age socketed axe. Small areas of the original surface remain but much of the exposed surface is powdery.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-06-30T23:00:00Z,2011-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,18.18,,,8.83,34.36,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,Salfords and Sidlow,TQ2444,GPS (from the finder),51.181793,-0.227284,-SUR 800415.00,,11-1127.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-1127.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/353388.jpg
470826,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy blade fragment, 37mm long, 14.5mm wide and 3mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 9.95grams. The object is sub rectangular in form and oval in section, it has a small circular hole, c.2mm wide, near its upper edge which is aligned with a slight medial ridge running the whole length on both sides.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.95,,,3,37,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Kirby Bellars,SK7217,Centred on field,52.74583659,-0.93484752,LEIC-912847,,912847.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy blade fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/912847.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/353621.jpg
470979,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2500,-800,"A worn fragment of a probable Bronze Age copper-alloy object. The object is much worn and so it is difficult to identify with any certainty. It is possibly a tanged arrowhead or possibly a razor. Only the tang and a small section of the body of the blade remains (although it is just possible that the projection is not a tang and may be the result of accidental wear). Alternative object types may possibly be a chisel or gouge.  The object appears to have been symmetrical, tapering gradually towards the edges, making it lozenge shaped in section. The object expands from the tang into the blade at an angle of approximately 40 degrees. The tang measures approximately 19.1 mm long and the blade 15.9 mm long. It measures 35 mm long in total. It is 16.1 mm wide and 4.36 mm thick. It weighs 5.2 grams. It has a predominantly dark green to brown patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-02-22T00:00:00Z,,,5.2,,,4.36,35,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Bromsgrove,Dodford with Grafton,SO9370,From finder,52.328047,-2.104138,WMID-94A053,,WMID-94A053.jpg,Copper-alloy Bronze Age arrowhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-94A053.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/354113.jpg
471173,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy unidentified object of probable Bronze Age date. The object is wedge shaped and triangular in section, tapering sharply from the break to the terminal. The dark green patina of the object is suggestive of a possible Bronze Age date, although it is not clear what function the object may have had. It appears to be too narrow to be the tip of a small socketed axehead and the angle of the taper is also too dramatic for this identification. The object does not clearly resemble any other Bronze Age tools or weapons.


It has a dark green patina and air bubbles in the metal show that it has been poorly cast. 


It measures  19.47 mm long from the break to the terminal, 23.48 mm wide, 6.45 mm thick and weighs 10.3 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-02-22T00:00:00Z,,,10.3,,,6.45,19.47,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Bromsgrove,Dodford with Grafton,SO9472,From finder,52.346039,-2.089501,WMID-A90962,,WMID-A90962.jpg,Copper-alloy fragment of a possible Bronze Age artefact ,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-A90962.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/354107.jpg
471207,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-500,"A cast copper alloy awl of Bronze Age or later date. The awl is 60.68mm long, has a circular section body and a square section tang.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.55,,5.78,,60.68,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,GUILDFORD,TQ0451,Generated from computer mapping software,51.248699,-0.511287,SUR-AA5DE1,,11-1144.jpg,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-1144.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/354134.jpg
471210,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-500,A cast copper alloy awl of Bronze Age or later date. The awl is 57./86mm long and has a mainly square section with rounded corners. The surface of the awl is very pitted.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.49,,6.73,,57.86,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Hartley Wintney,SU7657,Generated from computer mapping software,51.307054,-0.911101,SUR-AA70E1,,11-1145.jpg,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-1145.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/354136.jpg
471829,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1250,"A cast copper-alloy flanged axe dating from the Middle Bronze Age, circa 1400-1250 BC.  The axe belongs to the Taunton tradition of metalworking. There is a lozenge/oval  shaped flange on each side of the butt, designed to hold the haft in place. The flanges are slightly waisted, flaring at the blade and septum ends. The blade tip is crescent  shaped. There is no obvious stop ridge for the haft to  butt against, but the blade is thicker than the septum. The axe has a rough, pocked green and brown patina  with evidence of bronze disease in places. It measures 130.56 mm long, 63.4 wide at the blade and 25.7 mm wide at the septum. It measures 13.42 mm thick in the centre. It weighs 409.1 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-08-07T23:00:00Z,,,,409.1,,,13.42,130.56,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Harlaston,SK2108,From a paper map,52.669308,-1.690895,WMID-11DAE0,,WMID-11DAE0.jpg,Mid Bronze Age copper-alloy flanged axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-11DAE0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/354672.jpg
472163,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Part of the blade from a cast, copper alloy, socketed chisel dating from the late Bronze age, 1000-800BC. The tool is of rectangular section with rounded edges. It tapers to the blade, and widens slightly. The cutting edge is slightly curved. There is no decoration and, as the end of the oval socket has broken away and is missing, there is no evidence of a side loop. The blade has a smooth, medium brown patina with areas of green where the patina is damaged. It is 40.6mm long, 23.4mm wide and 8.7mm thick. It weighs 15.41gm. Compare BERK-654397, WMID-E1B777 and SF-F095F2",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-08-16T23:00:00Z,2011-08-15T23:00:00Z,,,15.41,,,8.7,40.6,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Longhorsley,NZ1493,From finder,55.23102,-1.78143,SWYOR-271817,,PAS_1572_chisel.jpg,Bronze Age socketed chisel,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1572_chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/356504.jpg
472271,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A cast copper alloy axe fragment, dating from the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500-1150 BC). The fragment consists only of the tip of the axe. It tapers in both plan and section to the blade tip, which is still sharp.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-08-16T23:00:00Z,,,67,,,8.77,46.49,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Winterbourne,,,,,BERK-2CC780,,2011367.jpg,Bronze Age axe: Middle Bronze Age axe fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011367.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/356466.jpg
472280,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,43,"
A cast copper alloy so-called fitting of later Bronze Age or Iron Age date, similar to the so-called 'moustache-like' fittings. The object is tear-drop shaped in plan, hollow on the underside and its upper  surfaces are decorated with closely-set longitudinal grooves. The 'snout' of the object tapers and narrows in both plan and section, and gives the whole object the look of a hedgehog. It is likely that a long point protruding from the 'snout' has now broken off, as a number of similar examples on this database have long projections in this area.
","A number of objects of this type have been recorded on the PAS  database. One example was found in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998,  no.117), and as such, they are thought to date from the middle Bronze  Age to the late Iron Age. Dr JD Hill at the British Museum suggests that  they are Iron Age rather than Bronze Age, but this is yet to be  confirmed by excavation of a stratified example. Their function is  uncertain, although circular recesses at the bottom of some examples  suggests that they were mounted on or below something.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-08-16T23:00:00Z,,,3.1,,,7.23,18.61,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Winterbourne,,,,,BERK-2DE004,,2011376.jpg,Bronze Age: Unidentified object,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011376.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/356486.jpg
472303,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast copper alloy Bronze Age socketed axehead fragment. It is probably a South-Eastern type, dating to 1000-800 BC. The fragment consists of the blade and the beginning of the body. The body is hollow, with a subrectangular section. The blade, which is solid, flares out with a pronounced blade tip. The casting seam is visible on one side just above the blade tip. It measures 47.07 mm L x 39.15 mm W x 12.66 mm TH (at the solid point) and weighs 63.72 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,63.72,,,12.66,47.07,1,Karen Dunford,Karen Dunford,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Headcorn,TQ8343,,51.156986,0.615544,KENT-39D9B8,,KENT-39D9B8.jpg,A cast copper alloy Bronze Age Socketed Axhead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/karend1/KENT-39D9B8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/355189.jpg
472593,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy rapier, dagger or dirk, dating to the Middle Bronze Age (1500-1150BC). The fragment is only 21.33mm long, trapezoidal in plan and with a lozengiform cross section, seen through old, worn breaks. The cutting edges are worn and abraded. Some of the deep green patina survives on both the upper and lower surfaces of the rapier.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.3,,,3.39,21.33,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,South Stoke,SU6085,From finder,51.560697,-1.135867,BERK-506267,,2011408.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier: Blade fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011408.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/356231.jpg
473324,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy blade, probably from a socketed axe, or possibly a straight-sided palstave. The object is in fair condition with light green rough surfaces, but a small area of dark brown patina remaining, with striations visible roughly parallel to the blade edge.



The blade is 39mm long (along the blade edge), 19mm wide, 8mm thick and weighs 21.29g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,21.19,,,8,39,1,Rebecca Czechowicz,Rebecca Czechowicz,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Rushcliffe,Hickling,SK6928,Centred on parish,52.845096,-0.976964,LEIC-B773B7,,LEIC-B773B7.JPG,"Bronze Age copper alloy blade, probably from a socketed axe, or possibly a straight-sided palstave",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebecca/LEIC-B773B7.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/356453.jpg
473963,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"Fragment from a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, dating to c.1150-700BC. The body fragment is curved in profile and sub-triangular in shape. The fragment measures 34.51x22.19x4.56mm and weighs 17.88g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-21T00:00:00Z,,,,17.88,,,4.56,34.51,1,Samantha Matthews,Samantha Matthews,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,Great Bentley,TM1023,From finder,51.866036,1.04872,ESS-D27074,,ESS-D27074 axe fragment.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy axe fragment,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/samatthews/ESS-D27074 axe fragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/356950.jpg
474513,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"Tip of a copper alloy Bronze Age blade or axe. The object is in poor condition, is 20mm long, 11mm wide, 5mm thick and weighs 4.04g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-17T00:00:00Z,,,,4.04,,,5,20,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Frisby on the Wreake,SK6917,GPS (from the finder),52.7462272,-0.97928098,LEIC-FF1038,,CAD2356c.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD2356c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/357639.jpg
474624,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-801,"Bronze Age copper alloy spear fragment, 44mm long, 15mm wide, 8mm thick and weighing 10.83g. The object tapers in width towards the narrower tip, and is lozenge shaped in section. The object is in fair condition but with surface pitting and damage to the blade edges and point. The patinated rear face suggests breakage in antiquity.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-20T00:00:00Z,,,,10.83,,,8,44,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Frisby on the Wreake,SK6917,GPS (from the finder),52.7462272,-0.97928098,LEIC-149182,,CAD1630c.jpg,Bronze Age spear tip,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD1630c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/357770.jpg
475145,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed spear head, dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1400-800 BC). The fragment consists of the central part of the spear, being leaf-shaped in plan. Part of the open socket remains before closing to the tip, giving the spear head a pronounced raised mid rib. The edges of the spear head are worn and pitted, probably as a result of post-depositional damage.",Another spearhead was found at the opposite end of the field where this example was found (see BERK-4FB102).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,,48.2,,13.16,,73.97,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Hampstead Norreys,SU5175,Centred on field,51.471674,-1.267128,BERK-4F1825,,2011438.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Middle Bronze Age spearhead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011438.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/358399.jpg
475177,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A cast copper alloy socketed leaf-shaped spearhead, dating from the middle to late Bronze Age (c. 1400-800 BC). The spearhead is incomplete, missing its tip; the socket survives and has some damage to its edge, as do the blades of the spearhead, but otherwise it is in good condition with a dark green patina. The socket neck has two sub-circular holes for securing the spearhead to the shaft, by cord or possibly rivets. The socket tapers throughout the length of the spearhead producing a rounded midrib that extends to the (broken) tip.",Another (incomplete) spearhead of the same date was found at the opposite end of the field; BERK-4F1825.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,,104,,24.88,,115.02,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Hampstead Norreys,SU5175,Centred on field,51.471674,-1.267128,BERK-4FB102,,2011441.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Middle Bronze Age spearhead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011441.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/358410.jpg
476321,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2200,-1900,"A large complete early Bronze Age narrow-butted flat axe in fine condition. The axe measures 161.6mm in length and 99.6mm across the blade. The butt measures 37.3mm. The thickness of the axe is 12.00mm. The sides are bevelled and the blade is slightly flat which may suggest a lot of sharpening. There is a little damage to the surfaces which are pitted and now have a slightly rough texture.


This fine axe belongs to the Migdale-Marnoch tradition of the early Bronze Age (named after two sites in Scotland).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,581,,,12,161.6,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,West Rasen,TF0689,From finder,53.387213,-0.40767,SUR-E3F467,,DSCN5214.JPG,Bronze Age: Flat axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN5214.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/359408.jpg
476945,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1125,"A cast copper alloy incomplete spearhead dating from the later Middle Bronze Age, about 1400 – 1125 BC. Davis Group 10, 'protected looped'. Only one side (wing) of the leaf shaped blade survives, and the tip is missing. The centre rib is circular in section and hollow (socketed). The lower edge of the blade is rounded, though this is emphasised by also being bent. There is a carefully made hole through the wing next to the rib at the base. The hole has corroded edges and its original shape is not clear. It has a D shaped (in plan and section) cast raised flange on the side opposite the rib, on both faces. The spear has a grey green patina with corrosion where the original surface is missing. The breaks are also patinated. Compare BH-16AD90, LEIC-96FB06, BERK-2CF486 and DOR-FD69C8. Davis (2017) notes that spearheads of this type, with 'small loops in the lower quartile of the blade, adjacent to the midrib' belonged to the same range of 'generally larger' spearheads with basal loops, and 'were current in the Taunton and Penard phases', about 1400 – 1125 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-23T23:00:00Z,2011-09-23T23:00:00Z,,Bishop Burton 23rd to 25th Sep 2011,146.68,,,17.91,116.54,1,Kevin Leahy,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bishop Burton,SE9639,Centred on field,53.838391,-0.542582,SWYOR-1F7502,,PAS_1621_spear.jpg,Bronze Age Spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1621_spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/359903.jpg
477725,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A complete copper-alloy 'unlooped shield pattern' palstave dating to the middle Bronze Age. The axe has a flared cutting edge and a rectangular butt, and has a rectangular hollow located on either side of the stop ridge.


The axe measures 135mm long and the body is 21mm wide at its widest (the stop ridge). The blade is 18mm thick after the stop and tapers to the cutting edge, which is 35mm wide. The distance from the butt to the inside of the stop is 58mm. The sides of the butt are triangular in plan. There is little sign of use-wear on the but or the blade. The axe has gas a dull brown patina.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-10-28T23:00:00Z,,,,170.2,,,18,135,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Wellingborough,Great Doddington,SP8765,From a paper map,52.276275,-0.72628,NARC-889BB3,,NARC-889BB3 a.jpg,palstave front,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-889BB3 a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/360600.jpg
477927,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"The tip of a cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age axe head, dating from c.1150-700 BC. The axe head is fragmentary, consisting of only the cutting edge and therefore too little survives to be able to define it any further; the axe head may have been socketed as one of the breaks suggests.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-10-29T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - Somerton 30/10 & 06/11 2011,15.2,,,8.65,25.51,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Somerton,SP5128,From a paper map,51.948165,-1.259389,BERK-9FDEF4,,2011484.JPG,Bronze Age Axe: Axe fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011484.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/360848.jpg
478554,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1700,"The butt of a decorated Long-flanged axe, probably of Arreton Down type. The butt is 101.40mm long and 41.84mm wide and has broken at the start of the splayed blade.


Very little of the original surface of this axe survives and the present surface is rough and deeply pitted. On both sides of the lower part of the septum, adjacent to the break are areas of decoration. The decoration is very difficult to interpret clearly as only a few patches survive undamaged. On the better preserved side the decoration appears as three transverse bands of diagonal crosses with some straight transverse lines. One band can be discerned on the other side. The axe may have had a slight median bevel. The decoration may have continued onto the blade. In any case what is now visible would have been covered by the haft when in use.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-01T00:00:00Z,2011-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,24.9,,,,101.2,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bishops Waltham,SU5417,GPS (from the finder),50.949913,-1.232654,SUR-1BE003,,DSCN5327.JPG,Early Bronze Age: Decorated Arreton-type flat axe.,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN5327.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/361361.jpg
478778,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"Cast copper alloy chisel length 93mm, diameter 20mm, width at chisel 16mm, weight 75g. Crescent shape blade which extends backwards 31mm. The opposite end is socketed with an internal aperture of 13mm and a double collar on the outside The casting seam has been removed. This artefacts has a rich dark green patina although there are areas of lighter green pitted corrosion. This dates to the middle to late Bronze Age 1500-800BC




Similar examples of socketed chisels are illustrated in the Archaeological Journal Vol VI (1849), page 382, found at Westow, Yorkshire, and in the Archaeological Journal IX (1852), pages 302-3, found at Romford, Essex. Evans (1881) also describes other socketed chisels found at Heathery Burn Cave, Durham; Roseberry Topping, Yorkshire; Meldreth, Cambridgeshire, as well as examples from France, Switzerland and Italy.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,2007-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,75,,20,,93,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,English Bicknor,SO5814,From finder,51.823033,-2.610783,GLO-3435C7,,4927Chisel.jpg,Chisel,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/4927Chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/361502.jpg
478792,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A cast copper alloy palstave axe length 152mm, width 63mm, thickness 29mm. The cutting edge curves slightly and the blade has three ridges, one central and one along each edge. The stop is slightly rounded and the side flanges are high. There is a casting seam along the centre of the sides of the blade and flange.

This is a Group I: Primary Shield Pattern type and dates to the Middle Bronze Age 1500 BC - 1150",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,2007-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,29,152,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Longhope,SO6821,From finder,51.886632,-2.466349,GLO-34D3C5,,4930palstaveaxe.jpg,palstave axe,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/4930palstaveaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/361506.jpg
479556,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"The tip of a narrow leaf-shaped spear, probably of Middle Bronze Age date. Only 6.75mm of the internal socket survives.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,26.28,,,9.32,62.68,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Crowmarsh,SU6186,From finder,51.569581,-1.121271,SUR-592CA4,,B11-476.jpg,Bronze Age: Spear tip,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B11-476.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/362597.jpg
480396,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy spear head tip, in fair condition with an old, worn break where it would have joined the rest of the spear head. The object is sub triangular in form and sub rectangular in cross section. It has a wide central rib which appears angular and has astepped edge? and thick damaged blades either side.



The object is 42mm long, 13mm wide, 8mm thick and weighs 11.32g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,11.32,,,8,42,1,Rebecca Czechowicz,Rebecca Czechowicz,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Freeby,SK8220,Centred on field,52.771377,-0.785994,LEIC-C234E1,,LEIC-C234E1.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy spear head tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebecca/LEIC-C234E1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/363179.jpg
480427,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Cast copper alloy socketed side-looped spearhead dating from the middle to late Bronze Age, (1500-800BC). The spearhead is almost complete. The head is leaf-shaped and the socket has a pronounced midrib. The mid rib is lozenge shape and extends to the base of the socket where it is slightly facetted rather than raised. The tip of the spearhead is thicker than the rest of the blade and there are re-sharpening marks around the edges of the wings. The edges of the blade has been damaged in most places. The string loops are narrow with oval central piercings. In profile they are oval

(lentoid) having a wider profile than many string looped examples. The base of the socket is broken - probably relatively recently. The socket measures 17.49mm in diameter. The side loops are 24.42mm below the end of the wings and are in good condition. The object is undecorated and had a dark black patina.



The blade facets are all lost and it has been plough rolled - probably loosing the tip of the spear as well.



The spearhead is a string loop type, which suggests later middle Bronze Age to early late Bronze Age date. Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age.



Acton Park II industry.



A similar example which can be found on the database is LANCUM-7609C0.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,57.5,,,17.91,127,1,Vanessa Oakden,Vanessa Oakden,West Midlands,Shropshire,,,,,,,LVPL-C2FF53,,LVPL-C2FF53.jpg,Spear,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/voakden/LVPL-C2FF53.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/363214.jpg
480442,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1800,-1500,"Bronze Age flanged axe. The butt end is rectangular up to the stop, where the edges then expand outwards to the blade tip. There is a slightly raised flange on both edges of the body giving it a very shallow 'H' shaped cross section, the difference in thickness changing only from 12.90mm to 13.91mm to include the flange. The flange continues until just before the blade tip. 


It is 83.66mm long. The butt end is 24.50mm wide. Blade tip to tip measures 55.80mm. The surface is corroded and pitted. Dark green patina. Weight 109.2 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,109.2,,,,83.66,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,Mount Bures,TL9031,From finder,51.945044,0.763023,ESS-C3B708,,OEF6891BP.jpg,ESS-C3B708 Bronze Age flat axe,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/OEF6891BP.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/363976.jpg
480546,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-1500,"Bronze Age cast copper alloy fragment of a palstave; only the butt end survives. The end is rounded and the edges have slightly raised flanges, giving it a thick 'H' shaped cross section at the break. It is 29.40mm lomg, 18.79mm wide, 10.53mm thick, decreasing to 7.37mm thick excluding the flange. It weighs 20.2 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,2011-09-30T23:00:00Z,2011-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,20.3,,,,29.4,1,Laura McLean,Laura McLean,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Little Hadham,TL4417,Generated from computer mapping software,51.833056,0.088458,ESS-C56F94,,ESS-C56F94.jpg,ESS-C56F94 Bronze Age Palstave fragment,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lmclean/ESS-C56F94.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/366222.jpg
480614,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"
A section from the blade of a sword of Bronze Age date. The fragment is small and comes from near the tip. Only a small area of the original surface survives.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-07-31T23:00:00Z,2011-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,10.21,,,,27.45,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Kent,Thanet,St. Nicholas At Wade,TR2766,From finder,51.347719,1.258345,SUR-C68C63,,11-1364.jpg,Bronze Age: Sword fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-1364.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/363424.jpg
481162,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead, dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1500-800 BC, probably more c. 1400-1000 BC). The fragment consists of only the very tip of the spear, and although the tip is sharp the edges are very worn and the whole object appears heavily rolled (P. Reavill. pers. comm.). The spearhead has a lozenge-shaped cross section, broken towards the tip of the socket. There is the mineralised remains of a wooden object or element on one face of the spearhead; it appears that a casting flaw resulted in a hollow and that the mineralised wood is the remains of packing to keep the shaft in place. Peter Reavill, FLO for Shropshire & Herefordshire comments that the survival of the wood ""would be odd...given the [rolled] condition of the spear.""","
Thanks are extended to Peter Reavill & Dr. Esther Cameron for their help in identifying the spearhead and inclusion.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,27.8,,,9.98,55.84,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Hampstead Norreys,SU5175,Generated from computer mapping software,51.471674,-1.267128,BERK-ED93F6,,2011513.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Socketed spearhead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011513.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/363811.jpg
481459,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy palstave, dating to 1500-1150BC. Butt end only surviving. Start of flange on both sides visible. It measures 25mm.","
Not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1991-01-01T00:00:00Z,2008-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,25,1,Mike Cuddeford,Samantha Matthews,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Mashbury,TL6512,From finder,51.782337,0.390583,ESS-0450D6,,029-A0003.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy palstave,All rights reversed,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/samatthews/029-A0003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/364075.jpg
481942,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy spearhead tip? 31mm long, 11mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 3.98grams.  The object consists of the tip of an object. It is sub rectangular in form and section. It has blade like edges which taper in width to a squared off terminal and has prominent ridges running up its centre.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-10-07T23:00:00Z,,,,3.98,,,7,31,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Hinckley and Bosworth,Osbaston,SK4203,GPS (from the finder),52.623146,-1.381003,LEIC-53D8B8,,53D8B8.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy spear tip,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/53D8B8.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/364618.jpg
482126,Adze,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze age copper alloy Palstave Adze, 121mm long, 22mm wide and 14mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 88grams. The object is rectangular in form and triangular in cross section, with a slightly curved blade. Its butt end is triangular shaped in cross section and houses two rectangular recessess either side of a central panel with a raised border to contain a handle. The object is slightly damaged around its edges and has small patches of original surface remaining.



The object is similar to WAW-FLB395",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,88,,,14,121,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Swithland,SK5413,From finder,52.711976,-1.202119,LEIC-58C955,,58C955.JPG,Bronze age Palstave adze,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/58C955.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/364773.jpg
482772,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper alloy object. This is probably a blade of  Bronze Age date, suggested by the patina of the copper alloy. The object is triangular in section, being 6mm thick at its widest and tapering to a sharp narrow convex edge. The widest edge is slightly convex. It is eliptical in plan.


it is 41mm long, 13mm wide and 66mm thick. It weighs 8.66g.


No exact replica has been found for this object. It is possibly the blade edge of a Bronze Age axe head. However, the wede edge is very regular and unliley to be a broken edge. The Bronze Age Finds Advisor of teh British Museum has been asked for an opinion and possible parallels and this record will be updated on his reply.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.66,,,6,41,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Northampton,NORTHAMPTON,SP7659,From finder,52.223972,-0.888817,NARC-865BC7,,BA a.jpg,blade,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/BA a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/365252.jpg
483303,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A copper alloy Palstave axe dating to the Middle Bronze Age. The cutting edge curves slightly and the stop is slightly rounded and the side flanges are high. There is a casting seam along the centre of the sides of the blade and flange. The metal is mottled green and brown and is highly corroded. This is a Group I: Primary Shield Pattern type. The object weighs more than 200g and measures 118.27mm in length, 42.94mm in width and 29.42mm in thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-03-31T23:00:00Z,2011-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,200,,,29.42,118.27,1,Frances McIntosh,Emma Morris,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Thornton Bridge,SE4170,GPS (from the finder),54.124232,-1.374159,DUR-D33F77,,Darren P Axe.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave Axe,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/emorris/Darren P Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/365672.jpg
483493,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"The tip (cutting edge) of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead dating from about 1000 - 700 BC. The cutting edge is worn and rounded. It is wider than the rest of the axe; the sides curve inwards. The casting seams are visible on the edges, but they have been smoothed. The break is also patinated suggesting the axe has been broken in the ground for a long time. The patination on the inside of the socket is darker. On the outside, the smooth olive green patina survives in places, but patches are missing showing lighter coloured corroded metal beneath. Compare KENT-279A24.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-23T00:00:00Z,2011-11-25T00:00:00Z,,Bishop Burton 23rd to 25th Sep 2011,33.03,,,12.54,22.89,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bishop Burton,SE9539,GPS (from the finder),53.838575,-0.557774,SWYOR-D822A5,,Wakefield_2203_Axe.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/Wakefield_2203_Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/365844.jpg
483526,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1300,"An incomplete and extremely worn and corroded cast copper-alloy flat axe or chisel, probably dating to between the late Early Bronze Age and early Middle Bronze Age, c. 1600-1300 BC. Its remains consist of a sub-rectangular body in plan, with the remains of the side flanges visible on both faces, though completely flattened on one side. Due to its poor condition, it is difficult to tell if the side flanges were fused or if they were separate elements, but it is likely that these were fused; hence, the date above is suggested for similar types. The chisel or possible axe blade edge has been completely worn away, making a positive identification difficult. The metal surface of the object suffers from bronze disease as well as differential areas of dark brown patina and lighter green patina. An area within the side flanges has built up a higher degree of green corrosion, perhaps indicating where the stop would have been. It measures 109.27 mm long, 21.51 mm maximum width, 12.63 maximum thickness and weighs 107 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-02T00:00:00Z,,,,107,,,12.63,109.27,1,Stephanie Smith,Toby Bowman,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Cowfold,TQ2223,,50.993476,-0.262969,SUSS-D93644,,RICHARD LYON 2.jpg,Bronze Age chisel,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/04bowmant/RICHARD LYON 2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/365876.jpg
484451,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-700,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed axe of late Bronze Age date, c. 1100-700 BC.


Only the edge of the axe remains, in a very worn and abraded form, forming a rough crescent shape that is V-shaped in section, as the hollow cavity of the interior is visible.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-10-04T23:00:00Z,2011-11-08T00:00:00Z,,,6.6,,,8.65,29.23,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Middleton,SE9348,Centred on field,53.919802,-0.585431,NCL-160545,,IMG_8925.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe edge,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/IMG_8925.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/366767.jpg
484787,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"
Fragment of a Bronze Age axe, probably a socketed or flanged axe. The fragment is from one corner of the blade. The cutting edge is curved and still relatively sharp. The bottom and rear sides are breaks but the top is inward curving and part of the original perimeter. The fragment is mid-green in colour with patches of bright blue corrosion.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,6,27,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Irnham,TF0227,From finder,52.830879,-0.487465,LIN-2AC6C2,,LIN2012-197.jpg,Bronze Age axe fragment,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2012-197.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/368429.jpg
485216,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2300,-2050,"A cast copper alloy, flat axehead of the early Bronze Age, dating from about 2300-2050 BC. The axehead is sub triangular in plan with a wide curved blade which tapers to a curved butt and is rectangular in section. The axehead is undecorated and there are no signs of ridges or flanges indicating that this is an early flat axe, probably in the Migdale tradition of narrow butted flat axes. The metal is pitted, corroded and worn, with a green patina with a lustrous surface surviving in places. The cutting edge and the butt are damaged, but there are no fresh breaks. The axehead is 118.9mm long, 66.6mm wide, 10mm thick and weighs 258g. Illustrated examples of flat axes may also be found in Nicholson's Prehistoric Metalwork, pages 79-83.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-22T23:00:00Z,2011-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,258,,,10,118.9,1,Mary Blevins,Mary Blevins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Bilton-in-Ainsty with Bickerton,SE4751,Generated from computer mapping software,53.952969,-1.285295,SWYOR-6B6135,,PAS_1658_Axehead.jpg,A Bronze Age Flat Axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mblevins/PAS_1658_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/367575.jpg
485421,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1400,"A cast copper alloy Palstave dating from the middle part of the Bronze Age (about 1700 BC - 1400 BC), the Arreton or Acton Park phase


The palstave has an even green patina with pitting on the surface. The total (incomplete) length of the axehead is  132.6mm, with the blade (from the edge to the stop) comprising 78.56mm  length and the septum/butt measuring 54mm in length. The flanges have  a maximum breadth of 20.3mm. At its widest, the blade is 44.1mm in breadth from  tip to tip.


The blade is narrow and tapering and the axe is narrow and  unlooped; The butt is broken. The axe has a well defined, rounded  stop-ridge on both sides rising at right angles to the septum. The side  flanges are damaged, particularly on one face where recent unpatinated damage shows that the flanges have recently broken off.  The blade is narrow and trapezoidal, widening gently to the cutting  edge, with little added flare to the tips. The blade faces of early midribbed palstaves  generally have raised edges, as if continuing the line of flanges below  the stop (see: ""The Axes of Scotland and Northern England"", Schmidt and  Burgess, 1981, p.126) but this feature is not present on the palstave  recorded here. There is no shield like depression below the  stop. The patina inside the septum is a smooth and brown layer, the butt end of which has flaked off. The butt is damaged, but looks as if it would have been rounded.


Compare NCL-8C1FE2 and LANCUM-D90642.


Two Bronze Age spear heads are recorded on the West Yorkshire HER from the same neighbourhood as this palstave, but they are later in date, being from the Penard (1300 BC - 1140 BC) or Wallington 1140 BC - 1020 BC) traditions. They are PRN 2992 and PRN 4186.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-06-30T23:00:00Z,2011-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,218,,,20.3,132.6,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Calderdale,Calderdale,Brighouse,SE1523,Generated from computer mapping software,53.70322,-1.77426,SWYOR-7CAD22,,PAS_1657_Axehead.jpg,Palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1657_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/367601.jpg
485749,Axehead,Bronze Age,,,,,"
Developed flat axe.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1999-04-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Fiona Gale,Abi McCullough,Wales,Denbighshire,Denbighshire,Tremeirchion,SJ0975,From finder,53.264162,-3.365773,CPAT-910156,,,,,,,
486358,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-800,"A copper alloy tanged chisel dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1450-800 BC). The chisel is incomplete, as the rectangular shaft is broken. The shaft widens towards a circular collar which expands into a sub triangular blade. The bottom of this blade is also broken, areas of it have been chipped away. The whole object is slightly curved, something that might have happened over time. The metal is dark brown in colour and it weighs 20.0g. It measures 76.23mm in length, 34.34mm at its widest point and 6.54mm at its thickest point. Other examples on this database include LEIC-25C336 and NMGW-2C69D1.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,20,,,6.54,76.23,1,Emma Morris,Emma Morris,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Brompton,SE3896,Centred on parish,54.358119,-1.416774,DUR-BB5320,,IMG-Fred Simpson.jpg,Bronze Age Chisel,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/emorris/IMG-Fred Simpson.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/368470.jpg
487173,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A Middle or Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy arrowhead, dating to c. 1500-800 BC. The arrowhead has a slight median ridge on one face only and is reminiscent of tanged and barbed arrowheads in flint. These are rare objects with few know of in the UK.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-10T23:00:00Z,,,West Hanney 2010,3.9,,,2.3,31.74,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Grove,SU4191,From a paper map,51.61634,-1.409233,BERK-138F31,,143. Bronze Age Arrowhead Y143.jpg,Bronze Age Arrowhead,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/143. Bronze Age Arrowhead Y143.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/369057.jpg
487996,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed spearhead fragment probably dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1250 BC. The spearhead has a prominent central midrib which is lozenge shaped in section with a sub circular opening. The shape of the blade is, perhaps, diagnostic of side looped spearheads, probably Davis Groups 5-7. Both ends of the spear head are missing; the cutting edges and parts of the blade wings are worn and damaged; some of the material has been cracked/split and bent backwards. The spearhead has a dark orange brown patina with flecks of green throughout, shading to green and dark brown at the edges; where the tip has broken off, the material is corroded and is covered with an orange patina. It is probably either a kite-shaped or leaf-shaped spear. Please see Adkins and Adkins' (1982) A Thesaurus of British Archaeology; also Nicholson's (1980) Catalogue of the Prehistoric Metalwork, page 99.



Length: 81.6mm; Width: 50.6mm; Thickness: 16.8mm; Weight: 61.47g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-11-15T00:00:00Z,2011-11-14T00:00:00Z,,,61.47,,,16.8,81.6,1,Mary Blevins,Mary Blevins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Womersley,SE5221,GPS (from the finder),53.682879,-1.214171,SWYOR-52CB08,,PAS_1685_BA.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Spearhead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mblevins/PAS_1685_BA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/369669.jpg
488005,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper-alloy tanged chisel of probable Late Bronze Age date. The chisel is complete and in good condition, only suffering minimal damage to the blades edges and tip. The chisel has a tapering square-sectioned to conical tang; there is a collar seperating the tang from the blade. The blade is sub-triangular in plan, having a thin convex cutting edge at the bottom. The thickness of the blade tapers gradually towards this cutting edge. The object is slightly corroded in places but retains a greenish-brown patina across much of its surface.Tanged chisels are not common finds, and a complete example is even more uncommon. Several tanged chisels, or elements of them, are recorded on this database (for example, see BH-49EAD8). Tanged chisels such as this date from c. 1150-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2012-01-13T00:00:00Z,,,25.3,,,5.83,90.92,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Dorchester,SU5894,Centred on field,51.64181934,-1.16322953,BERK-52E8C3,,2011638.jpg,Bronze Age Chisel: Tanged chisel,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011638.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/369813.jpg
488138,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper alloy awl of probable Bronze Age date. The shaft is sub-rectangular in section and tapers in thickness towards both end, but in plan flares at one end and tapers at the other. One end is pointed, whilst the other is chisel shaped but rounded. The patina is brown and green and pitted. Compare SOM-7C6ED1 and BH-C6DC45.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-11-15T00:00:00Z,2011-11-14T00:00:00Z,,,6.75,,,4.66,61.32,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Wighill,SE4746,From finder,53.908033,-1.286062,SWYOR-55A4B7,,PAS_1683_awl.jpg,Probable Bronze Age Awl,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1683_awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/369728.jpg
488662,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy chisel fragment?  25mm long, 20mm wide and 8mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 13.29grams. The object is worn and sub- rectangular in form. In section it has a slight lip at each end on both surfaces, giving it a bulging profile. The object could be part of a chisel or gouge?",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2011-09-11T23:00:00Z,,,13.29,,,8,25,1,Wendy Scott,Emily Woolnough,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Kirby Bellars,SK7117,Centred on parish,52.74596864,-0.94965856,LEIC-A60AD1,,LEIC-A60AD1.jpg,bronze age copper alloy chisel fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/leicvol/LEIC-A60AD1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/370073.jpg
489146,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy awl probably dating to the Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC). The awl is slighly bent, square in section at the centre and narrows to a point at one end while there is a tang at the other end.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-10T23:00:00Z,,,West Hanney 2010,3.1,,,,61.12,1,Katie Hinds,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Grove,SU4191,From a paper map,51.61634,-1.409233,BERK-CEF487,,277. Bronze Age Awl Y277.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/277. Bronze Age Awl Y277.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/370403.jpg
489346,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze age spear fragment, 80mm long, 20mm wide and 10mm thick. The object is in poor condition and weighs21.69grams.  The object represents the broken tip of a spear and has  a corroded surface and  badly damaged edges.   It has a circular section and is slightly conical in form, with the remains of blades visible on each side.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.69,,17,10,80,1,Wendy Scott,Emily Woolnough,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Hulland Ward,SK2547,Centred on parish,53.019718,-1.628769,LEIC-E66167,,LEIC-E66167.jpg,bronze age tip of spear head,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/leicvol/LEIC-E66167.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/370601.jpg
489953,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1200,"A side-looped spear of Middle to late Bronze Age date. The blade is damaged, the point is missing and the width is incomplete. The spear is now 125.20mm long and measures 15.15 across the incomplete blade. The socket is 49.87mm long. The diameter of the external socket is 42.68mm maximum.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.68,,16.91,,125.2,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Epsom and Ewell,Ewell,TQ2362,From finder,51.343785,-0.235399,SUR-3D1C88,,11-1551.jpg,Bronze Age: Spear head,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-1551.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/371085.jpg
490606,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"The hoard is composed of five socketed axes, five fragments of Ewart Park swords, two fragments of Carp's Tongue swords from a minimum of three swords and three ingot fragments. The axes, which are all fragmentary, are of the South-Eastern type. Nos. 1-2 show signs of having been deliberately broken for inclusion as scrap metal. The faceted axe fragment (no. 5) belongs to a distinctive type with noticeably well-finished examples which have a very wide distribution.



1. Socketed axe fragment: South-Eastern



Double mouth moulding. Both faces have wing mouldings. Very faint transverse moulding forming hour-glass with circular pellet prominent beneath mouth moulding and very faint circular moulding between the wing mouldings at the bottom. Casting flashes visible along much of the sides, although they have been removed places. Last vestiges of mouth casting flash and of one casting jet stump visible. Ridges down the centre of the internal faces. The body has many fine transverse and oblique striations. Variable green to dark brown patina. Corrosion damage particularly on the raised areas. Straight break, blade edge missing.



L: 91 W mouth: 43.5 B mouth: 49.8 W break: 31.2 B break: 13.3 B loop: 7-8.3 Wt: 194.13g (finder's ref: no.2)



2. Socketed axe fragment: South-Eastern class A



Incomplete, small socketed axe. Possibly triple mouth moulding, which survives in poor condition. Sub-square mouth with rounded corners.The loop is very narrow and is of uneven thickness. Blade edge missing and the break is straight. Considerable damage on one face in a line adjacent to the looped handle which extends to the mouth. Side flashes are wholly removed. Most of the surface patination is lost.



L: 62 W mouth: 33 B mouth: 29 W break: 27.8 B break: 12 B loop: 4.3-6.1 (finder's ref: no.3)



3. Socketed axe fragment: South-Eastern



The mouth and handle are missing. Traces of casting flashes, which are off-centre on both sides. A small part of the blade edge is intact and there are corrosion chips on the remainder of the blade edge. The blade tips hollow slightly. Smooth brown patina.



L: 69.6 W edge: 51.1 W break: 34.1 B break: 23 Wt: 144.81g (finder's ref: no. 5)



4. Socketed axe fragment: South-Eastern class A



Incomplete, socketed axe. Most of the body and blade is surviving. Casting flashes visible on one side, but removed on the lower blade. V-shaped notch with corrosion chips around it which is probably a scar of the missing loop. There are corrosion chips along much of the blade edge. Faint transverse striations above the blade edge on one face only and hammer-rippling above, on both sides. Patches of corrosion damage.



L: 61.5 W edge: 42.5 W break: 24.5 B break:20.2 (finder's ref: no. 13)



5. Faceted axe fragment: South-Eastern class D



Incomplete faceted socketed axe. Circular mouth, with prominent moulding. Each face has three faceted angles. The loop is slightly skewed. One edge of the break is reasonably straight. Even dark green patina. Below the mouth is a hairline fissure forming a roughly oval shape, which is probably derived by metal flow during casting.



L: 49.2 W mouth: 27.6 B mouth: 27.4 B loop: 4.5 W: break: 22.5 B break (distorted) 13 Wt: 52.86g (finder's ref: no.10)



6. Sword hilt fragment: Ewart Park class A



Flange-hilted; on one edge the flanges are completely missing. On the shoulder one rivet hole is extant and there are traces of a second. There is a pointed oval recess removed from the midrib on both faces at the narrow end. Flange sides are hollow in section. Shallow hammer indentations on either face.



L: 33 W shoulder: 26 W grip: 19.9 B flange: 3.8 Th: 6.7-9.5 Wt: 20.07g (finder's ref: no. 12)



7. Sword hilt fragment: Ewart Park class A



Blade edges mostly missing through corrosion. From the point of the shoulder there is a slight recess of the blade edge to a length of 18mm. The blade is 45.1mm wide at this point. Above the shoulders there are slots removed from the blade edge on either side. Near cylindrical rivet holes struck contiguous to shoulders. Traces of rivet hole along the lower edge of the grip. No flanges whatsoever on the grip. The gently hollowed edge bevels are poorly defined. Fine transverse striations on both faces. Poorly defined midrib on hilt. Even dark brown patina.



L: 88.2 W shoulders: 51.7 max W grip: 24 Th grip: 5.8 Th blade: 9.3 Wt: 119.57g (finder's ref: no. 14)



8. Sword blade fragment: Ewart Park class A



Edge bevels defined, but not crisp. Corrosion chips along much of blade edges. Hammer marks on both faces, extensively over one mid-rib and part of the other. Occasional, faint diagonal and longitudinal marks. Brown patina.



L: 74.8 W: 24.5-29.2 Th: 6.5 Wt: 68.74g (finder's ref: no. 1)



9. Sword blade fragment: Ewart Park class A



Well-defined edge bevels. Only a small part of the blade edge is extant on one side. Heavy hammer marks on one surface. Dark patina. Damage consisting of diagonal line across blade wing and midrib of one side.



L: 29.5 W: 34-35.7 Th: 6.6 Wt: 29.3g (finder's ref: no. 8)



10. Sword blade fragment: Ewart Park class A



Two very small preserved patches on blade edge. Well-defined edge bevels. Brown patina.



L: 46.8 W: 28.7-32 Th: 8 Wt: 53.38g (finder's ref: no. 6)



11. Sword blade fragment, Carp's Tongue class B



Fine transverse grinding marks concentrated on one edge bevel. Thegently hollowed edge bevels are poorly defined. Blade edges missing. One blade edge is much thinner than the other. Transverse striations. Variable dark to green patina.



L: 59.6 W: 28.3-33.1 Th: 8 Wt: 57.59g (finder's ref: no. 4)



12. Sword blade fragment, Carp's Tongue class B



The blade wings survive at different widths; one is 10.3mm the other is 8.2mm. Corrosion chips along blade edges and on the mid-rib on one side. Dark green patina.



L: 46.2 W: 32.5-33.8 Th: 9.6 Wt: 46.08g (finder's ref: no.9)



13. Ingot



Plano-convex edge fragment.



Th: 37.5 (finder's ref: no.7)



14. Ingot



Ingot fragment.



Th: 27.6 Wt: 290.89g (finder's ref: no. 11)



15. Ingot



?Edge fragment.



Th: 24.2 Wt: 270.92g (finder's ref: no. 15)","Faceted axes are frequently found in association with Ewart Park swords within hoards, as in the case. Ingots of raw material are a well-known feature of this particular period in south-eastern England.



The presence of axes and swords which may be interpreted as scrap, mixed with ingots of raw material, suggests that this is a founders' hoard. Although these artefacts were found as a scatter, we can be confident that it originated as a hoard and was dispersed by the action of the plough.



All of these artefacts fall within the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age period and suggest a date of deposition towards the end of the period, around 1000-800 BC. The hoarding of metalwork at this period was not an uncommon phenomenon, particularly in the south-east of Britain.",4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2003-01-12T00:00:00Z,2003-01-15T00:00:00Z,2003T10A,,,,,,,15,Sally Worrell,Karen Dunford,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Hollingbourne,TQ8553,,51.24616687,0.64926212,KENT-7541B6,,00017617_001.JPG,"Late Bronze Age hoard, Hollingbourne, Kent, Treasure, 2003T10a, R1386",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mrainbow/00017617_001.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1182833.jpg
490610,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"1. Socketed axe fragment



Incomplete, socketed axe; South Eastern class A. Double mouth moulding. Blade tip hollows, expanded blade. The blade tip is missing on one side. Heavy diffuse bevelling on the lower blade where the blade begins to expand. There is a fine transverse crack on both sides at this point. Many very fine transverse and oblique lines close to the blade edge. Traces of the blade edge intact, otherwise the edge is corrosion chipped. Casting flashes are visible, but they have been mostly removed close to the blade tip hollows. Two casting jet stumps. Oblique striations/scratches on one face. One blade tip chipped off. Dark green to brown patina.



L: 103 E Blade W: 49 Mouth W: 40.5 E Mouth B: 37.3



2. Socketed axe fragment



Fragment, socketed axe; South Eastern type. Only part of one side and the handle are intact. Double mouth moulding. Casting flashes visible above and below the loop. Even, dark green patina.



B loop: 8 Wt: 34.58g



3. Ingot



Ingot fragment.



Th: 27 Wt: 280.98g



4. Ingot



Ingot fragment. Plano-convex edge fragment.



Th: 25



5. Socketed axe



Complete, socketed axe; South Eastern class A1. Sub-circular mouth with double mouth moulding. Corrosion chips on small portion of mouth moulding on upper surface (casting flashes flattened on mouth mouldings). One pellet located just below the looped handle in the centre of one face only (the patina is missing from the same location on the other face). Very broad handle. The casting flashes are visible and are off-centre on each side. There are transverse lines along the casting flashes where it has been removed or reduced. A small portion of the blade edge is intact, otherwise the edge has corrosion chips. Transverse fine lines on both faces at the blade edge, from re-sharpening. A small part of the blade edge is intact to a length of 9.2mm. Dark green, even patina.



L: 125.2 Blade W: 43.5 Mouth W: 39.2 Mouth B: 39.8 B loop: 11.6



6. Ingot



Ingot fragment.



Th: 25 Wt: 539.49g



7. Socketed axe



Complete, socketed axe; South Eastern type class A. Sub-oval mouth with double mouth moulding. Prominent casting flashes along the sides. The casting flashes on the mouth moulding are largely removed. Blade tip hollows considerably, expanded blade edge. The blade edge is intact at one tip, but otherwise is corrosion chipped. There are very fine transverse lines on the blade edge from re-sharpening. Fine transverse and oblique striations on both faces of the blade. Dark green, even patina. Group of closely-set longitudinal striations along much of the length of one face.



L: 102.5 Blade W: 49 Mouth W: 42.6 Mouth B: 39.5 B loop: 7.8



8. Ingot



Ingot fragment, plano-convex.



Th: 28 Wt: 223.71g



9. Ingot



Ingot fragment. Plano-convex edge fragment.



Th: 37 Wt: 368.14g



10. Socketed axe



Complete socketed axe; South-Eastern class B. Double mouth moulding with five ribs on each face. Broad loop. Prominent casting flashes and traces of three low casting jet stumps. Many fine transverse striations on the blade edge. The blade is expanded and the tips are hollowed. The blade edge is intact at the tips, but otherwise is expanded and distorted. There is a crack extending from the mouth to just below the second moulding.



L: 102.1 Blade W: 54.5 Mouth W: 42.5 Mouth B: 42.5 B loop: 10-11.5



11. Socketed axe



Complete, socketed axe; South-Eastern type. Double mouth moulding. Faintly defined hour-glass moulding with circular pellet close to the lower mouth moulding, on both faces. There is not a transverse moulding along the bottom of the hour-glass moulding, but there are shallow mouldings extending from the lower terminals and across the sides to join the moulding on the other face. The casting flashes have been removed from the lower blade, but are visible elsewhere. The casting flashes on the mouth moulding have been unevenly removed and there is a casting jet stump. Multiple transverse striations along the blade edge, which is largely intact.



L: 122.1 Blade W: 44.6 Mouth W: 38 Mouth B: 42.2



12.. Socketed axe



Complete socketed axe; South-Eastern class B. Double mouth moulding. Nine plain ribs extending beyond the mid-way point on one face and seven on the other. The blade tip hollows on both sides. Diffuse bevelling and fine transverse, oblique and longitudinal lines near the blade edge which is well expanded. Much of the blade edge is intact, but very severe blunting, including some burring and some large chips removed from the blade edge. Dense transverse lines on the blade edge on both faces and further oblique, transverse and longitudinal striations on both faces. The casting flashes are worked into neat ridges.



L: 92.3 Blade W: 51.2 W mouth: 37.3 B mouth: 37 B loop: 5.5-6



12a. Socketed spearhead fragment



Socketed spearhead. Leaf-shaped. Round midrib. The tip and most of the blade edges are missing. Ill-defined shallow edge bevels.



L: 69 W: 33.4 Th blade: 1.9 D socket: 11.1 Wt: 50.58g



12b. Ingot



Plano-convex edge fragment.



Th: 28.7 Wt: 217.42g



12c. Ingot



Plano-convex edge fragment.



Th: 26.9 Wt: 245.53g



12d. Ingot



Edge fragment.



Th: 26.8 Wt: 311.55g



13. Sword blade fragment: Ewart type



Edge bevel well defined 4.5mm away from blade edge on one side. Blade edge intact in places, otherwise corrosion chipped. Occasional fine striations close to the blade edge. Hammer-rippled on one face.



L: 52 W: 25-28 Max Th: 7.5 Wt: 44.84g



14. Ingot



Ingot fragment.



Th: 27.3 Wt: 193.78g



15. Socketed spear-head fragment



Socketed spear-head. Small, leaf-shaped. Socket distorted and squashed. The median ridge is broad and rectangular-in-section, and the mid-rib is likely to have been round. The blade edges are mostly intact. Poorly defined edge bevels. Longitudinal striations along edge bevels.



L: 62.1 Max W: 34.5 Max Socket D: 30 Wt: 56.87g



16. Ingot



Two ingot fragments.



Larger fragment: Th: 26.5 Wt: 300.19g","Dating



A total of twenty objects are represented in this hoard; six complete or near complete socketed axes all of the South-Eastern type, one Ewart-type sword fragment, two socketed spearheads and ten fragments of standard ingots. Ingots are a well-known feature of this particular period in south-eastern England. The presence of axes, swords and spearheads which may be interpreted as scrap, mixed with ingots of raw material, suggests that this is a founders' hoard.



Although the axes are not fragmented, they do show signs of heavy wear and use and it is likely that they were collected with other surplus bronze to form a metal resource for recycling. A hoard of Bronze Age artefacts of similar types to those represented here was found in close proximity to the findspot of this group of artefacts, by David Button in January 2003 (T200310a). While it is possible that the group of artefacts reported here (T200310b), represents a separate deposit from the earlier discovery in the same field (T200310a), it is also a possibility that the two groups of artefacts originated as part of the same hoard which had been dispersed through the action of the plough.



All of these artefacts fall within the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age period and suggest a date of deposition towards the end of the period, around 1000-800 BC. The hoarding of metalwork at this period was not an uncommon phenomenon, particularly in the south-east of Britain.",4,Copper alloy,Copper alloy,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector during controlled archaeological investigation,2003-02-01T00:00:00Z,2003-02-02T00:00:00Z,2003T10B,,,,,,,20,Sally Worrell,Karen Dunford,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Hollingbourne,TQ8553,Generated from computer mapping software,51.24616687,0.64926212,KENT-757FC0,,Copy of 2003 T10.jpg,A Bronze Age hoard,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/karend1/Copy of 2003 T10.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/372489.jpg
490673,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Penannular ring having narrow stripes of alternately yellow and whiter gold. The surface is rather worn except for the interior of the hoop where the striping is protected. The hoop tapers to flat terminals. When tested the ring was found to be of the type consisting of a gold covering over a non-precious metal core (see report).



Maximum external diameter 16mm; weight 9.23 grams.",,3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2003-03-03T00:00:00Z,,2003T87,,9.23,,16,,,1,Gillian Varndell,Karen Dunford,South East,Kent,Ashford,Godmersham,,,,,KENT-79D666,,2003T87front cropped.jpg,A cast gold Bronze Age ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/karend1/2003T87front cropped.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/371649.jpg
490678,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"
A gold, or gold-plated copper alloy pennanular ring of near-circular cross section decorated with clearly visible bands of two different colours or alloys of gold.
",,3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2011-11-13T00:00:00Z,,2012T139,,8.2,,,5.05,,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Old Alresford,SU6238,Generated from computer mapping software,51.137923,-1.115194,SUR-7A1338,,DSCN6320.JPG,Bronze Age: Pennanular gold ring,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN6320.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/371729.jpg
491238,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1250,"A copper alloy dress or Picardy pin of the Middle Bronze Age.The pin is incomplete, being broken part way along the body. It is circular in cross section and has a swelling towards the break. The remaining terminal expands into a dished plate which as a few stamped crescents on the upper face. The pin is otherwise undecorated.

Date: Middle Bronze Age - 1400 - 1250 BC

Dimensions: 58.93 mm x 12.32 mm x 7.78 mm

Weight: 15.35 g


Sally Worrell (PAS adviser) says that these pins ""Represent a valuable addition to the small dataset found in Britain and elsewhere in the north European Plain. These pins are mostly, but not always decorated and may be perforated or looped or neither and share common features such as the shape of the head, the swelling of the neck and decoration in the form of incised linear motifs. They occur within the 'Ornament horizon' phase of the late Taunton or early Penard phase of the later mid Bronze Age, approximately 1400-1250 BC"".",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-30T23:00:00Z,2011-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,15.35,,,7.78,58.93,1,Anni Byard,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,,,,,,,,,DOR-CF4B74,,thing.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Picardy pin,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/thing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/372027.jpg
491684,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,,,-2500,-1700,"A fragment of probable early Bronze Age flat axe, c. 2500- 1700 BC in date. The fragmetn consists of the  blade and the lower part of the shaft which remains. The blade  edge is uneven with bits missing and worn away. The axe has a  rectangular cross-section, narrowing towards the blade which splays out  from the shaft. The blade measures 32.7mm in width, the shaft 21.8mm. The Fragment is 40.8mm long and weighs 52.58 grams. A similar example can be seen on the database:      DUR-8DF7F1,",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,52.58,,,,40.8,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,Eastern,Essex,,,,,,,KENT-FA69F4,,KENT-FA69F4.jpg,KENT-FA69F4: Axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENT-FA69F4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/372520.jpg
492197,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1200,"Cast copper alloy palstave or flanged axe blade, trapezoidal in plan, rhomboidal in profile and rectangular in section, at the broken end. The opposite blade end tapers to a rounded and damaged edge in profile. The blade is broad and incurved or inturned, instead of flanged, at the cutting edge and has the remains of what might be the tip of a moulded 'V' or shield at the broken end, but this is made more pronounced by corrosion, and it does not extend any further down the centre of the blade. On the opposite face there is a large cavity near the broken edge which was probably where a large lump of corrosion product has come away from the body of the blade. This makes it difficult to see if there was similar moulding on this face. The entire surface is corroded and pitted so that decorative details are lost. The line of one casting seam is still evident down one side of the blade, but the other side is too corroded to make it out. The edges of the sides of the blade, though worn, are still slightly raised, proud of each of the faces. The palstave is missing the central flanged section with stop-ridge for the haft, any side-loop that might have once been there, and the butt end. The lack of stylistic features make it difficult to date the palstave.


Rohl & Needham (1998) illustrate an example of a palstave with a similar shape and slightly flanged blade on page 129, Fig.30, No.145, which is dated to the Taunton phase, c.1400-1275 BC.


Pearce (1983) illustrates similar 'Crediton-type' palstaves with inturned blades, straight sides with slight upraising, and V-shaped mouldings, from Perranzabuloe, Truro and Veryan in Cornwall on pages 577, 579-580, Plates 16,18-19, Nos.125, 144a & 147b.


The Crediton type palstaves from the South West date from the Acton Park phase of the Middle Bronze Age, c.1500-1400 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-06-09T23:00:00Z,2011-06-16T23:00:00Z,,,189.95,,,15,60.5,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Tywardreath and Par,SX0855,From a paper map,50.363508,-4.700922,CORN-4FF3A0,,palstavebladeplan.jpg,palstave blade (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/palstavebladeplan.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/373196.jpg
492451,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-600,"An incomplete cast copper alloy blade probably dating from the Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age, that is c. 1000-600BC. The incomplete blade is broadly sub-triangular which expands towards the cutting edge. There are two horizontal fine incisions on one blade face, the other is undecorated. The artefact narrows towards the missing tang. The thin triangular-shaped blade suggests that this object was either a chisel or leather-working knife or else, a single-edges 'Hallstatt' razor with two or one small loops at the top.



The artefact is 16.4mm in length, 24.3mm wide, 1.95mm thick (max) 1.15mm thick at the blade and weighs 2.0 grams",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-10-09T23:00:00Z,,,,2,,,1.95,16.4,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP2940,From finder,52.057628,-1.578452,WAW-63AEB3,,WAW-63AEB3.JPG,Bronze age razor,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rshenry/WAW-63AEB3.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/372897.jpg
492455,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1500,"A very worn blade tip, possibly coming from a copper alloy dagger dating from the Early Bronze Age, around 2100-1500BC. The fragmetnt is extremely worn and the surface pitted on both side. It is uncertain if it had a midrib, though it is not likely. The cross-section was probably oblong/oval rather than diamong-shaped. It appears to be from a two-edged dagger, dirk or possibly rapier, though judging by its size it is more likely that it came from a dagger or dirk.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-02-17T00:00:00Z,,,,11.49,,,3,57,1,Dot Boughton,Dot Boughton,North West,Cumbria,Eden,Tebay,NY6104,Centred on parish,54.42991862,-2.60267493,LANCUM-63D272,,LANCUM63D272.jpg,Possible the tip of a Bronze Age bladed weapon,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dboughton/LANCUM63D272.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/552155.jpg
492775,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"
The tip of a cast copper alloy spear of Middle to Late Bronze Age date.

",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.75,,,,31.38,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Epsom and Ewell,Ewell,TQ2362,From finder,51.343785,-0.235399,SUR-77F6E3,,11-1580.JPG,Bronze Age: Spear head tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-1580.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/373157.jpg
492992,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1500,"Bronze Age Arreton Down type flanged axe, from the Aylesford and Arreton periods, c. 1700-1500 BC.

The handle is rectangular and only expand to meet the blade three quarters down its length.  The side flanges are low and are at their highest in the central point of the handle. The blade is semi-circular and at its widest point measures 87mm wide. The blade is narrowed and has a thin cutting edge all along the blade edge. The butt of the axe is semicircular. 

The first half of the handle, behind the blade, has been decorated with a series of engraved lines.  These consist of six horizontal bands each containing a zigzagged line, flanked either end by four bands containing alternating zigzagged or hatched decoration.


A parallel was found at Westbury on Tyrm which displays similar markings


Langmaid N G, 1976, Bronze Age Metalwork in England and Wales, Shire Publications Ltd","
Images taken and supplied by finder 
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,2002-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Wrington,ST4762,From finder,51.354589,-2.762498,GLO-8B8AC6,,P1050750.JPG,flanged axe,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/P1050750.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/373245.jpg
493037,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A very worn fragment of Middle to Late Bronze Age (1500 BC - 800 BC) copper alloy socketed spearhead, consisting of the very tip only. It measures 43.64mm in length and max.14.44x8.96mm at the (old) break. It weighs 13.2g.


The midrib is circular in cross-section, the blades either side triangular in cross-section. The edges of the blades are much worn and at the tip turn inwards sharply (3.38x3.47mm).


The patina is almost all lost but where it survives shows a defining groove flanking the central mid-rib.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,2007-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,13.2,,,8.96,43.64,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Raunds,SP9972,Centred on parish,52.337159,-0.548399,WILT-8CE367,,WILT-8CE367.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age Spearhead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/WILT-8CE367.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/373284.jpg
493197,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1900,-1600,"A cast copper-alloy dagger dating from the Early Bronze Age, about 1900 BC - 1600 BC. It is a flat riveted knife-dagger type. The blade is slightly bent but seems to be almost complete. It has a mid rib on each face and the blade edges are bevelled. The sides of the blade are slightly convex, but are almost straight. At the hilt, they flare outwards and then meet to form a pointed end. A copper alloy rivet survives in the rivet hole on one side of the hilt. It is at the widest point. The other side is damaged and broken across the rivet hole. The rivet has expanded ends and is sub-circular in section. The organic hilt which would have probably been  carved from bone or antler is lost. None of the daggers on the PAS database have quite the same shape, but for other Bronze Age daggers compare KENT-8D3476 and LANCUM-EDDE97. Ben Roberts of the British Museum comments that: ""This example is of a sub-type that is larger (generally c. 10 cm), with two rivet holes, and which is  found throughout Scotland, Yorkshire and the Pennines (see Gerloff 1976,  165-168, nos. 286-294).""","
This object has been recorded from images kindly provided by the finder, and has not been examined by the FLO.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-08-31T23:00:00Z,2010-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,150,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,Ackworth,SE4518,Generated from computer mapping software,53.656565,-1.320579,SWYOR-A11924,,PAS_1660_dagger.jpg,Bronze Age dagger,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1660_dagger.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/373367.jpg
493265,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1150,"The front part and cutting edge of a cast copper alloy axehead of Bronze Age date. The broken rear face is sub rectangular in section. The blade flares widely and still has a keen cutting edge despite corrosion. The axehead is in poor condition with pitting over all surfaces including the broken rear face, suggesting breakage in antiquity. It is 53mm long, 65mm wide, 12mm thick and weighs 183.6g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-03-09T00:00:00Z,,,,183.6,,,12,53,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Frisby on the Wreake,SK7016,GPS (from the finder),52.73711076,-0.9646827,LEIC-BC2155,,CAD2396c.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD2396c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/373444.jpg
493460,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A cast copper alloy awl or tracer, probably dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1150-800 BC).  The awl has an almost flat sub-rectangular cross section at the tang end, which  widens to become more rounded in the centre of the awl. The awl then  tapers to a point. There is some debate as to the date of such  awls, which probably first  appeared in the Late Bronze Age but could  conceivably have continued to  have been made until much later; here the  patina does suggests a prehistoric date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-10T23:00:00Z,,,West Hanney 2010,6.4,,,4.56,54.43,1,Katie Hinds,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,West Hanney,SU3892,From a paper map,51.625541,-1.452451,BERK-E1FD85,,607. A Bronze Age Awl Y607.jpg,BronzeAgeAwl,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/607. A Bronze Age Awl Y607.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/373618.jpg
494261,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"
A Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave axehead.



Both sides of the 'socket' comprise a flat area flanked by a pair of flanges, with a stop ridge at the bottom. The blade has a longitudinal ridge at the centre of both of its wide faces, and its sides flare towards a rounded cutting edge. A right-angled loop is located on one of the narrower side faces, at the junction between the socket and blade. Extending from both the top and bottom ends of this loop are traces of a casting seam.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-03-11T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,15,139.5,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,Mid Devon,Cadeleigh,SS9009,GPS (from the finder),50.870002,-3.564629,DEV-339832,,DEV-339832 bronze age axe.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV-339832 bronze age axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/374448.jpg
494469,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead with defined slightly raised collar and the remains of a sideloop below it, faceted edges to the sides of the axe and a flanged blade. The collar is incomplete but the side that survives is about 20 mm long and shows that it flanges outwards slightly and would have had a rolled edge. The two base sections of the side loop that remain at either end are cruciform in section and are now worn smooth. The blade is triangular in plan and profile and the socket is sub-rectangular in section. The casting seams on the sides of the axe have been filed down but there are internal central ridges down the interior of each of the four walls which are impressions of the clay core, perhaps from fractures when it was heated.The surface of the axe is pitted and corroded in places, especially on the less complete face, but much of the original surface remains and the deep green patina survives.


Faceted axes were originally an East Anglian type, influenced by a Northern European form, but have since been found to be more prevalent further west, and in this case, likely influenced directly from Brittany (see below).


Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar but narrower faceted socketed axe from Stogursey, Somerset on page 530, Plate 86, No.746c which is dated from the Ewart Park phase (c.1000-800 BC). Another example of a faceted axe with a shorter collar from Battlegore, Somerset is illustrated on page 540, plate 94, No.784d, which was associated with an end-winged axe, a Breton type from Armorica dating from the Ewart Park phase also. A local example from Gillan, St Antony-in-Meneage with the same sub-rectangular section, slight collar above the side loop and faceting is illustrated on page 399, Plate 1, No.2a, and was found with an ingot dating from the Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-11-01T00:00:00Z,2010-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,175.69,,,20.7,101,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Enoder,SW9056,GPS (from the finder),50.36634,-4.954223,CORN-60E6C4,,Feb12finz 001.jpg,socketed axe (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Feb12finz 001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/375041.jpg
494967,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-700,A large part of the lower part of a plain socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date including the blade.  The surviving depth of the socket is 38mm and the wall section at the breaks varies from 2.99mm to 1.80mm. The blade is very worn and the surface is now powdery. The sides of the axe are almost parallel.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-07-31T23:00:00Z,2011-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,26.3,67.82,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,East Sussex,Rother,Battle,TQ7316,From finder,50.917531,0.459806,SUR-9CC540,,11-1682.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-1682.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/374932.jpg
495008,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Bronze age copper alloy flanged axe, 134mm long, 29mm wide and 13mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 269grams. The object  is rectangular in section and form with a slightly flared, off centre  rounded blade, 42mm wide.  It has sub triangular flanges (which in total are 23mm wide) protruding from each side of each surface, which begin about half way down its length,  and these taper to a sharp point at the butt end.  There are just a few patches of original surface left intact and it is quite corroded.


The form matches LANCUM -F8B182 and -OD2405, dated to the middle Bronze age.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,269,,,13,134,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Linwood,TF1286,Centred on parish,53.359022,-0.318558,LEIC-9E8793,,9E8793.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy flanged axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/9E8793.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/374967.jpg
495530,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,Fragment of a middle to late Bronze Age sword (circa 1500 BC to 700 BC). The fragment is lozenge in cross-section with narrow flanges measuring circa 6mm in width on one side and 4mm in width on the other. The edges are abraded but show areas of patina of the same colour as the body. The breaks at either end are irregular but patinated.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,6,38,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Holton Le Moor,TF0797,From a paper map,53.458892,-0.389927,LIN-02D635,,LIN2012-360.jpg,Middle-Late Bronze Age sword,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2012-360.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/375464.jpg
495633,Axehead,Bronze Age,,,,,"
A copper alloy blade tip of an early bronze age socketed axe.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Jeff Spencer,Sophie Watson,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Abenbury,SJ3649,From finder,53.0344328,-2.95584664,CPAT-07A648,,2918-0007.jpg,Axehead,The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/amccullough/2918-0007.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/375551.jpg
495798,Axehead,Bronze Age,,,2300,1900,"Early Bronze Age, near complete copper flat axe. The butt is straight and narrow but is moderately thick (with a width of 19mm and a thickness of 5.5mm). The sides are markedly straight for their entire lengths, gradually diverging from the butt, towards the gently curved blade. There is some damage to the blade being heavily eroded - one blade tip having been lost. The more complete blade tip shows minimal flaring, producing a trapezoidal form. The axe form is unusual within the British and Irish traditions and is possibly a variant of copper trapezoidal axes with a continental European provenance. X-rays showed that there is a dense metal coating of the axe with high levels of silver, plus antimony and lead.


Thought to belong to the period of 2,300-1900BC (Lodwick. M, 2011)",,4,Copper,Silver,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2010-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,,228.2,,,22,110,1,Jeff Spencer,Sophie Watson,Wales,Powys,Powys,Mochdre,SO0691,GPS (from the finder),52.508759,-3.386433,CPAT-1C53E1,,3284-0006.JPG,Bronze Age flat axehead,The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/amccullough/3284-0006.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/375721.jpg
495882,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"The tip of a cast copper alloy probable spearhead, dating to the Middle Bronze Age (1500-1150 BC). It has a broad lentoid shaped  mid-rib, with worn edges. The base of the socket appears to survive.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-10T23:00:00Z,,,West Hanney 2010,0.8,,,1.3,16,1,Julie Cassidy,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,West Hanney,SU4191,From a paper map,51.61634,-1.409233,BERK-1EB568,,166. Tip of rapier or sword Y 166.jpg,RapierOrSwordTipFragment,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/166. Tip of rapier or sword Y 166.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/375786.jpg
496099,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1250,-1125,"Cast copper alloy chisel, rectangular in plan and section, and triangular in profile. The socketed collar is missing and the blade end has been hammered flat so that is has flanged outwards slightly on both sides. The casting seam on both sides has been filed down, and there are now lumps of corrosion product following these lines which obscure the detail. The surface is generally corroded and pitted with patches of powdery bright green bronze disease.


Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar socketed chisel from Bodmin, Cornwall on page 563, Plate 2, No.12 and another from Bovey Tracey, Devon on page 585, Plate 24, No.191, which is dated to the Taunton-Penard phases.


Needham and Rohl (1998) illustrate a similar example of a socketed chisel on page 132, Fig.34, No.175, which is referred to as Penard metalwork.


Late Middle Bronze Age. Penard phase c.1250-1125 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-01-23T00:00:00Z,2012-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,68.39,,,13.6,85.6,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Clement,SW8445,From a paper map,50.26538,-5.03217,CORN-42EF37,,Feb12finds 006.jpg,chisel (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Feb12finds 006.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/376014.jpg
496188,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A fragment of Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC) Socketed Axehead, consisting of the cutting edge only and broken just above the start of the socket. It measures 46.42x29.36x(max)14.45mm and weighs 51.2g.


The cutting edge is expanded but has edge loss through corrosion. The casting flash is visible, smoothed down, on one side. There are traces of possible iron staining or corrosion in the socket and on both faces near the break. Where the patina survives it is smooth and orangey-brown. However it is missing in large patches, revealing a bright green colour beneath.


The socket is rectangular in cross-section, and the fragment itself triangular in cross-section.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-10-26T23:00:00Z,2012-01-26T00:00:00Z,,,51.2,,,14.45,46.42,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Dilton Marsh,ST8451,Centred on parish,51.25793467,-2.23066938,WILT-475A23,,WILT-475A23.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/WILT-475A23.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/376071.jpg
496617,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2150,100,"Copper alloy ring, probably dating to the Bronze Age or Iron Age. This example is similar to rings found in Suffolk (SF-7BD5C1), Norfolk (NMS-688046), North Lincolnshire (NLM-2CB634) and Shropshire (HESH-4B9AC5).


The object is 5mm thick, 18mm in exterior diameter, 8.5mm in interior diameter and weighs 5.32g.


The use of this object is difficult to interpret. It may have had a decorative function in harness or personal dress. It shows no particular signs of wear, but is chipped with a small chunk missing on the outside edge. The surface of the object has a dark brown patina with pitting, and orange and green corrosion where the surface has been broken.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2012-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,5.32,,18,5,,1,Rebecca Czechowicz,Rebecca Czechowicz,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Castle,TL0449,Centred on parish,52.12953055,-0.48210873,LEIC-AC92E5,,LEIC-AC92E5.JPG,"Copper alloy ring, probably dating to the Bronze Age or Iron Age",Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebecca/LEIC-AC92E5.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/376389.jpg
496666,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy awl. The object has a light brown patina broken only by light green corrosion in two spots along its length and at the sharp end, where a dull point remains. The awl is circular in section near the point, but becomes square in section around the middle.


The object is 59mm long, 5mm wide, 5mm thick and weighs 5.52g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2012-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,5.32,,,5,59,1,Rebecca Czechowicz,Rebecca Czechowicz,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Castle,TL0449,Centred on parish,52.12953055,-0.48210873,LEIC-AD4834,,LEIC-AD4834.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy awl,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebecca/LEIC-AD4834.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/376396.jpg
496677,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy awl. The object has a dark brown patina broken by scratches showing as light brown around the sharp end, and by green corrosion at the very tip of the sharp end, and in a small spot on the side.


The point of the awl is very blunt and is circular in section. The section becomes sub-square two-thirds of the way along the awl's length, and then slopes to a thin sub-rectangular section at the other end.


The object is 55mm long, 4mm wide, 4mm thick and weighs 4.67g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2012-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,4.67,,,4,55,1,Rebecca Czechowicz,Rebecca Czechowicz,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Thaxted,TL6130,Centred on parish,51.945203,0.34103,LEIC-AD5F56,,LEIC-AD5F56.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy awl,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebecca/LEIC-AD5F56.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/376406.jpg
497122,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A Middle to Late Bronze Age side-looped spearhead, now in two pieces. The point is missing as are the edges of the blade which have corroded away. The end of the socket is also missing as is one of the loops. The socket now measures 51.32mm and has been cast slightly off centre. The spear is covered in hard brown soil deposits.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-03-01T00:00:00Z,2012-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,34.24,,,,107,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Beech Hill,SU7064,,51.370754,-0.995787,SUR-DB99E1,,B12-127.JPG,Bronze Age: Side-looped spear head,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B12-127.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/379380.jpg
497164,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-800,"Cast copper alloy fragment of a flanged blade from a socketed axe, semi-circular in plan, triangular in profile and lozenge-shaped in section. The blade edge is worn and incomplete so that it is only flanged on one side. The broken edge reveals an oblong aperture which is the end of the socket for the haft or handle of the axe. The original surface has mostly corroded away and there are patches of light green bronze disease. There is not enough detail to precisely date this fragment within the Late Bronze Age, but some comparanda are offered below.


Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar broken blade fragment from Blandford, Dorset on page 607, Plate 46, No.348d, which is associated with rib and pellet socketed axes of the Ewart Park period c.900-800 BC.


Needham and Rohl (1998) illustrate a similar flanged blade on a 'South-eastern type' socketed axe on page 136, Fig.38, No.334, which is dated from the Ewart Park phase also.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-10-16T23:00:00Z,2011-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,18.77,18,,8,,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Ludgvan,SW5033,Generated from computer mapping software,50.144246,-5.500463,CORN-F29E04,,Feb12finz 014.jpg,blade fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Feb12finz 014.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/376800.jpg
497205,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-800,"Cast copper alloy fragment of a collar from a socketed axe, semi-circular in plan, B-shaped in profile and in section. The collar is quite substantial at about 12 mm deep and 9 mm thick, and there is quite a deep indented area below it before the body of the axe begins with a raised ridge. Along this ridge at one side of the axe is the remains of the base of the side loop, which has worn into a point. The surface is pitted and some of the original patina remains on the collar but the projecting sections have become worn and corroded and there are patches of light green bronze disease. There is not enough detail to precisely date this fragment within the Late Bronze Age, but some comparanda are offered below.


Pearce (1983) illustrates similar 'South-Eastern' socketed axes from St Goran, Cornwall on page 566, Plate 5, No.58, and from Totnes, Devon on page 602, Plate 41, No.308, which are dated from the Ewart Park period c.900-800 BC.


Needham and Rohl (1998) illustrate a similar 'South-Eastern' socketed axe with a circular socket, thick collar and a raised ridge on page 136, Fig.38, No.334, which is dated from the Ewart Park phase also.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-02-02T00:00:00Z,2011-02-02T00:00:00Z,,,39.86,,,6,36,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Sennen,SW3626,GPS (from the finder),50.075356,-5.691154,CORN-214B63,,Feb12finz 006.jpg,axe collar (exterior),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Feb12finz 006.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/376811.jpg
497231,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-800,"Incomplete cast copper alloy socketed gouge, semi-circular in plan, at the cutting edge, lozenge-shaped in profile and circular in section. The circular socketed end is broken and partly missing and the cutting edge is worn and nicked in two places and on one side. The gouge tapers in profile from the open end to a point at the cutting edge which is curved into a semi-circle so that it can gouge out sections of wood etc. The surface is pitted and some of the original patina remains on the inside and outside of the gouge, but the damaged edges have become worn and corroded and there are patches of light green bronze disease. Socketed gouges are first seen in the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age.


Pearce (1983) illustrates similar socketed gouges from St Keverne, Cornwall on page 570, Plate 9, No.75, from Blandford, Dorset on page 607, Plate 46, No.348f, from Lulworth, Dorset on page 623, Plate 62, No.502, and from Stogursey, Somerset on page 649, Plate 88, No.746e, which are dated from the Ewart Park period c.900-800 BC.


Needham and Rohl (1998) illustrate a similar socketed gouge with a circular socket on page 136, Fig.38, No.323, which is dated from the Ewart Park phase also.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-31T23:00:00Z,2010-05-30T23:00:00Z,,,31.49,,18,4,61,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Devon,South Hams,Bigbury,SX6646,From a paper map,50.298691,-3.882796,CORN-319C01,,Feb12finz 009.jpg,socketed gouge (interior),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Feb12finz 009.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/376866.jpg
497316,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1000,"A cast copper alloy palstave axe, probably of the Taunton phase, dating from 1400-1000BC. It has an oval flange on each side, extending above and below the blade. The blade itself tapers to a very slightly flared cutting edge. The axe has a patchy, dark green patina. It is 98mm long, 27.7mm wide and 25.3mm thick. It weighs 150.07gm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,150.07,,,25.3,98,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Beal,SE5323,GPS (from the finder),53.700754,-1.198691,SWYOR-40ED42,,PAS_1776_IA_axe.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave Axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mblevins/PAS_1776_IA_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/377252.jpg
498403,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1300,"An Middle Bronze Age unlooped palstave axe. The axe is complete and in good condition and has a crudely incised shield pattern on either side below the stop ridge. Both side show extensive evidence of hammering as well as sharpening striations on the blade.


The length of the axe is 141.11mm and the width of the blade is 53.96mm. The maximum thickness is 25.49mm and the axe weighs 335g.



Peter Reavill comments:


This is a Primary Shield pattern unloopeed pastave. The notch in the butt seems relatively common.The axe is very wedge-like in shape and the out-turned crescentic tips of the cutting edge are  relatively uncomnmon in this style of axe. There are some features that  remind me of the later short flanged axes of the type Lissett, variant  Baldersby (plate 51-2 of Schmidt and Burgess)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,335,,,25.49,141.11,1,Peter Reavill,David W Williams,South East,Kent,Dartford,Southfleet,TQ6172,,51.424145,0.314299,SUR-C1E343,,DSCN6815.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN6815.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/377676.jpg
498405,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1300,"An unlooped palstave axe. The axe is complete, except for the tip of the butt, and in good condition although the surfaces are now very rough. The length of the axe is 143.16mm and the width of the blade is 61.56mm. The thickness is 28.97mm and the axe weighs 359g. The axe has a central raised rib and raised sides. The septum measures c7.5mm above the stop ridge. There is a casting void behind the stop ridges.


Peter Reavill comments:


This is anearly mid rib palstave  - the raised sides are prominent and a little  odd - but generally OK. The look of this axe is slightly strange  though with the prominent stop ridge that extends out in profile and the apparent casting flaws either side of the mid rib. This comes from  the end of the sequence of unlooped palstaves - most probably type Liswerry or possibly Southall (plate 57 Schmidt and Burgess)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,359,,,28.97,143.16,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Nutfield,TQ2951,From finder,51.243598,-0.153271,SUR-C20352,,DSCN6819.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN6819.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/377682.jpg
498825,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,A worn 20mm tapering length of the blade of a sword of Middle or Late Bronze Age date.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-30T23:00:00Z,2011-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,0.95,,,4.55,20.08,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2050,From finder,51.236573,-0.28248,SUR-EB4C43,,11-1753.jpg,Bronze Age: Sword blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/11-1753.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/378003.jpg
499128,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,"A late Bronze Age tanged knife, almost complete save for the rounded tip of the blade. The knife is 146.20mm long and measures 24.04mm across the blade. The thickness of the blade is 2.24mm and the tang is c3mm thick across its widest point.


The blade, which is both unpatinated and still sharp, tapers outwards towards a rounded shoulder which leads to the narrower tang. Corrosion products on the tang and shoulder appear suggestive of the remains of a handle.  The date range for this type of knife is c1100 to c800BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-03-01T00:00:00Z,2012-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,32.45,,,3,146.2,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,,Reading,Reading,READING,SU7171,From a paper map,51.433562,-0.980025,SUR-FFEAA0,,B12-128.JPG,Bronze Age: Tanged knife,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B12-128.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/379383.jpg
499322,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper alloy blade tip, dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age c.1500-800 BC. Chipping along both edges makes accurate defination difficult, and the fragment could be the tip of a sword, dagger, rapier or knife.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.95,,,,38,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Potterspury,SP7446,GPS (from the finder),52.107389,-0.92092,NARC-13F828,,blade a.jpg,blade,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/blade a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/378275.jpg
499602,Palstave,Bronze Age,,,,,"A complete, but concreted, Middle Bronze Age cast copper-alloy palstave  of Acton Park (phase 2) or   Taunton phases (c. 1500 - c. 1150 BC). It is  unlooped with high, curved flanges (max. H. 28.2mmmm), fused to the stop  ridge. The width at the butt is 23.4mm. The  flanges start to rise gradually from the butt, reaching a maximum  height of c. 12.6mm above the septum  (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge). The stop ridge is stands c. 8mm  above the septum. There is a shield shaped molding beyond the stop  ridge, and fused to it, on both faces (c. 19.5 by 18.0mm). This is  bisected by a molding ridge (seam) running the length of the blade on  both faces; this starts on the lower blade and  terminates before the stop. There are then four parallel ridges decorating the septum near the stop but corrosion obscures where they terminate. There are further longitudinal ridges (casting seams) central  on the sides; these have been finished by trimming the casting flash and  hammering. The blade is 57.5mm across.  The object has suffered heavy corrosion. Where it survives the patina  is dark brown; the metal is generally a mid-brown color. Spread all over the palstave are aqua colored  concretions possibly  from deposition in water.


In total  it is 15.7mm long, 57.7mm wide, 28.2mm thick and weighs 450 grams.","
The palstave was discovered by the finder in a collection of possessions belonging to his father, Sidney Nicholls, who was a local Archaeologist. The exact find spot for the palstave is not know.


http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/axe: The term palstave is very misleading as it comes from the Icelandic  'Paalstab' meaning a digging tool not a type of axe. However the term is  used in British archeology to describe where there is a stop  and the flanges disappear into the stop. Palstaves are also thicker  below the stop. They are usually decorated on the blade and as time went  on developed loops.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,450,,,28.2,150.7,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,,,,,,,KENT-56C295,,KENT-56C295c.jpg,KENT-56C295: Bronze age Axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENT-56C295c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/378590.jpg
500081,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1900,-1100,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy Bronze Age axehead. Only the tip of the blade and a small portion of the body of the axehead survive. No traces of a socket remain in the break of the axe, indicating that it is probably not a socketed axe from the later Bronze Age. The blade is flared and slightly crescent shaped, perhaps suggesting that the axehead is either a flanged or palstave type of middle Bronze Age date, which would provide a date range of between circa 1900 to 1100 BC.


The incomplete axehead measures 48 mm long, 44.82 mm wide at the blade, 29.32 mm wide at the broken end, 10.95 mm thick and it weighs 96.1 grams. It has a rough and abraded green/brown patina. The relative consistency between the patina at the break and that on the surface of the axhead suggests that the break is an ancient one, and not one caused recently by plough damage.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,,96.1,,,10.95,48,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Baschurch,SJ4423,From finder,52.801635,-2.832069,WMID-824953,,WMID-824953.jpg,Copper-alloy Bronze Age axehead fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tbrindle/WMID-824953.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/378984.jpg
500272,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A copper alloy flat axe fragment dating from the Early Bronze Age (2150 BC - 1500 BC). Only the cutting end survives. The butt is missing due to an ancient and well worn break across the middle of the axe. The break has taken half the surface of one face too. The axe head is rectangular in section. The cutting edge is flared at the sides but damaged. The surfaces of the axe are pitted and corroded, with a well developed green patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-01-22T00:00:00Z,2012-01-22T00:00:00Z,,,58.31,,,8.12,47.15,1,Carole Bloom,Carole Bloom,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Green Hammerton,SE4656,Generated from computer mapping software,53.997993,-1.299779,SWYOR-958D88,,PAS_1762_Axe_head.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1762_Axe_head.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/380439.jpg
500784,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1140,-800,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy sword blade, rectangular in plan and profile and lozenge-shaped in section. Both cutting edges are worn and incomplete and the perpendicular edges to these are broken so that the original length of the blade is unknown as well as the position of this fragment along it, though it is at the end that tapers towards the tip, as any raised area has flattened out in section. The smooth dark green patina survives better on one face of the blade than the other, which has an uneven surface of raised areas of corrosion product.


The lozenge-shaped section of the blade without a defined central mid-rib suggests that this might be part of a sword from the Late Wilburton or Ewart Park phases of the Late Bronze Age, c.1140-800 BC.


Needham & Rohl (1998) illustrate two similar lozenge-shaped sections of Ewart Park swords on page 135, Fig.37, Nos.386-7.


Pearce (1983) illustrates similar sections from a Ewart Park and a Late Wilburton sword, from Cranborne in Dorset, on page 665, Plate 104, Nos.365-6.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-01T00:00:00Z,2011-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,21.77,,,6.3,30,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Sampson,SX1054,From a paper map,50.355174,-4.672329,CORN-F13F72,,DSCN8158.JPG,sword fragment,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN8158.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/379629.jpg
500927,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A cast copper-alloy palstave axe of the Middle Bronze Age, 1500 BC-1150 BC.


The axe is very worn and corroded, though it is nearly complete. The crescent-shaped blade tapers at its shoulders to the butt of the axehead. A very narrow stop is visible on the septum, but there is no trace of anything other than minor flanges over the septum of the axe. The butt has suffered some minor damage to its rounded end. There is no evidence for a loop on the upper face of of the axehead.


The surface is relatively smooth, but still pitted and uneven in its condition.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-04-05T23:00:00Z,,,,184.4,40.21,,12.64,123.5,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Menwith with Darley,SE1858,From finder,54.0177,-1.72678,NCL-FE95C6,,NCLFE95C6.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCLFE95C6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/379725.jpg
501092,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"Fragment from the butt of a Middle Bronze Age palstave. The object has an I -section with flanges rising on three of its four sides as viewed where it has broken, a result of the uneven break. Two of the flanges, symmetrically or diagonally opposite each other, are grooved on their outer edges. The extent of patination indicates it was broken in antiquity. A hoard of two palstave axes from this parish is currently going through Treasure process, but this object comes from a distinct findspot on higher ground. Suggested date: Middle to Late Bronze Age, 1300-1150.



Length: 18.7mm, Width: 24.9mm, Thickness: 10.1mm, Weight: 13.59gms.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-03-04T00:00:00Z,,,,13.59,,,10.1,18.7,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9315,GPS (from the finder),53.623288,-0.595364,NLM-10F757,,NLM19960a.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM19960a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1128185.jpg
501147,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Copper alloy spearhead fragment. Cast lozenge-shaped mid rib and the slightly tapered stubs of the blade of a spear head, probably from fairly close to the tip. The break at the wider end appears fairly recent, that towards the tip is more probably ancient damage. Heavily abraded. The angular section and prominent rib might both associate this with the side looped spear heads of the Middle Bronze Age; examples displayed at the NorthLincolnshireMuseum come from Waddingham, Scawby and Messingham. Suggested date: Middle Bronze Age, 1500-1100 BC.



Length: 48.9mm, Width: 12.6mm, Thickness: 7.4mm, Weight: 13.22gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-02-24T00:00:00Z,,,,13.22,,,7.4,48.9,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Winterton,SE9417,Centred on field,53.64108,-0.579646,NLM-12BFE8,,NLM19981a.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM19981a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1128220.jpg
501926,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1900,-1700,"A copper alloy developed flat axe dating from the Early Bronze Age period. It is probably a Willerby style axe. It has a crescent shaped blade which is wider than the body of the axe. The original cutting egde does not survive. The body of the axe is rectangular in section and is unusually thick for a flat axe, suggesting development towards palstave forms. It does not have flanges but the edges are very slightly raised. There is no stop ridge, but the thickest part of the axe is in the centre of the body, and the change of angle forms a line where the stop ridge would develop on later axes. The sides are concave and the faces are two flat facets. The butt also tapers to a thin wedge which may have been crescentic, but is no longer complete. Much of the original surface survives which is a smooth brown patina. Where this is missing, the surface is pitted and rough, and is slightly more green. 



The axe appears to be similar to number 55 on page 125 of Rohl and Needham's BM Occasional Paper number 102 which is described as Willerby metalwork, class 4 axe. Willerby metalwork dates from 1900BC - 1700 BC. There are few other axes of this type on the PA database for comparison: LANCUM-049465 is more severely damaged, and LVPL-004D33 has more developed flanges.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2011-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,88.7,,,10.75,78.44,1,Carole Bloom,Carole Bloom,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Goldsborough,SE3955,Generated from computer mapping software,53.989581,-1.406682,SWYOR-8EDA61,,PAS_1770_axe.jpg,Axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bloom/PAS_1770_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/380450.jpg
502121,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"
A possible Bronze Age ""bun"" ingot of copper alloy. It is a rounded lump of copper alloy which is roughly D shaped in section. The surface is pitted and there are small bubbles in the metal. Modern damage revaeals the metal to be a bright copper colour but the surface is patinated to a smooth bright turquoise in areas, with patches of dark green and purple in other areas. Compare many other examples on the PAS database. It is also possible that this object is casting waste of unknown date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-27T00:00:00Z,2012-02-13T00:00:00Z,,,233,,,32.59,63.11,1,Carole Bloom,Carole Bloom,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Leavening,SE7862,Generated from computer mapping software,54.048074,-0.810188,SWYOR-9226F6,,PAS_1773_ingot.jpg,Possible Bronze Age bun ingot,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1773_ingot.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/380925.jpg
502137,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy socketed chisel of late Bronze Age date. Length 43.24 mm, width 22.72 mm, thickness 6.06 mm, weight 13.6 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-12-28T00:00:00Z,,,,13.6,,,6.06,43.24,1,Tom Brindle,Tom Brindle,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Armitage with Handsacre,SK0812,From finder,52.705611,-1.883038,WMID-925F85,,WMID-925F85.jpg,Bronze Age chisel,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eloisemarkwick/WMID-925F85.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/419938.jpg
502185,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,-700,"A complete cast copper-alloy transitional Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age socketed axehead (c. 900-700 BC). The axehead has a facetted body, with one wider face which widens towards the blade and a flanking narrow facet to either side. The socket mouth is round with a square internal socket and there seem to be four casting jets which are visible on the mouth, but flattened. A small collar or moulded ridge is visible directly below the socket mouth and the socket mouth itself is quite rounded on the external surface. The casting lines on either side edge have been trimmed and flattened, but not smoothed. The loop is D-shaped in plan and bears the flattened casting line on its external edge. The blade end widens from the axehead body and flares slightly at the lower blade. The colour of the metal is overall grey-green, which indicates a higher tin content; areas towards the blade end exhibit a high bronze-coloured patina. There is a small hole on one face near the blade which may be due to a casting bubble; it seems to perforate through the face and into the socket. It measures an overall 108.4 mm long, 54.86 mm maximum width at blade, 35.64 maximum outer width at socket mouth; the internal diameter of the socket is 26.9 mm and the depth of the socket is approximately 88 mm. The axehead weighs 209 grams.


Because of the socket orientation within the axehead, which is back to front, this example may be a smaller derivative of Sompting type axes.  According to Bronze Age specialist Dot Boughton, the facets indicate that this axehead should be dated to the Late Bronze Age rather than the Early Iron Age, which more typically has ribs instead of facets (pers. comm. 6/2012).","
This axehead was discovered within a short distance of Wolstonbury Hill, a well-known Bronze Age site. Within the axehead, cartridges were found which suggests perhaps that this object has been discovered previously and re-interred in nearby soil. It is therefore possible that this axehead comes directly from the Wolstonbury site. It was discovered by a Friend of Wolstonbury and reliquished to the Wolstonbury Trust for keeping as part of the collection.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2012-05-03T23:00:00Z,,,,209,,,,108.4,1,Stephanie Smith,Claire Goodey,South East,West Sussex,Mid Sussex,CLAYTON,TQ2813,,50.90229593,-0.18103041,SUSS-93B5D3,,SUSS-93B5D3LBASocketedAxehead.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS-93B5D3LBASocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/386273.jpg
502202,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Report to H. M. Coroner on find of potential Treasure from Wixford, Warwickshire



2012 T333 Description Small penannular ring, round-sectioned, with narrow stripes of yellow and paler gold. The decoration is very worn but clearly visible internally, close to one terminal. The ring comprises a gold covering over a base metal core. Some dirt and corrosion blocking gap between terminals. Diameter: 12.8 x 14 mm; width of gap 1.5 mm; width and breadth of hoop 4 mm; weight 2.68g. Composition See appended report. Identification A well known Late Bronze Age type, decorative in character, dating to circa 1150-750 BC. As the object is prehistoric and contains precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Designation Order 2002.",,4,Copper,Gold,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2012T333,,2.68,,,4,12.8,1,Gillian Varndell,Gillian Varndell,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Wixford,SP0854,,52.18419177,-1.88440772,WAW-97DE52,,WAW-97DE52.jpg,Bronze Age penannular loop.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-97DE52.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/383370.jpg
502271,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A cast copper-alloy palstave axe of the Middle Bronze Age, 1500 BC-1150 BC.


The axe is worn, but it is complete. The  crescent-shaped blade tapers at its shoulders to the butt of the  axehead. A very low relieve stop is visible on each face of the septum, with triangular flanges over and under the septum.  The butt has suffered some minor damage to its rounded end. There is no  evidence for a loop on the upper face of of the axehead.


The surface is relatively consistent in pitting/quality and colour.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-12-06T00:00:00Z,2012-02-02T00:00:00Z,,,321,44.26,,14.38,143.77,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Thormanby,SE4875,From finder,54.168561,-1.266268,NCL-A619B7,,NCLA619B7.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCLA619B7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/380653.jpg
502521,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy axe. The blade portion of the axe remains with the broken edge traversing the axe and revealing the tip of the socket. The blade cutting edge is asymmetrical, rounded and blunt, and is convex in plan. The blade has slightly flared sides, and on these side faces the casting seams are still evident. The break edge of the axe is not recent as there are traces of a patina on the break that matches the traces of dark green patina on the surface of the axe. The surface of the axe is abraded with only traces of a well developed patina. From the cutting edge to the broken edge the axe measures 32.08mm, and from the corner of the blade to the broken edge it measures 57.91mm, across the broken edge it measures 15.92mm thick. It weighs 96.1g.


The axe is a socketed axe dating to the late Bronze Age, c.1150 to 700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,15.92,57.91,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Worfield,SO7797,From a paper map,52.570332,-2.340782,WAW-BAFA74,,WAW-BAFA74.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-BAFA74.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/383368.jpg
502546,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-700,"Cast copper-alloy (bronze) tanged chisel of possible Middle - Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 750 BC). The identification of this object as a chisel as well as the dating criteria are rather tentative. The artefact is incomplete and poorly preserved. The metal surface is also irregular  being heavily cracked and laminated on one face and pitted  and abraded on the other - there is also a suggestion that it may have been miscast. All these elements make a positive dated identification difficult.



The chisel fragment comprises the upper part of the blade, side projections / trunnions / shouldered stop ridges, and the lower part of the tang; the tip of the tang and lower  blade / cutting edge are both lost. In plan the chisel is irregular, the upper blade is rectangular and the tang tapers to a blunted point. In section it is also irregular - the blade section is rectangular (slightly lentoid) in shape. In profile it is rectangular having its thickest part at the midpoint (corresponding with the position of the lug like projections / trunnions) tapering toward the tang and blade. The tang is incomplete and damaged; it has a relatively angular butt which expands to the mid point. It has lost approximately 1/5th of its length. The tip of the tang measures 10.6mm width and  9.1mm thick. At the mid point two irregular shaped - and relatively poorly cast - projections extend from either edge. These form shoulder like stops and are broadly triangular in plan and lentoid in section; being very crude in the casting. They are also eroded by plough roll / abrasion. The shoulder stops measure 12.7mm length are 9.4mm thick and project 6.3mm from the edge. The body of the chisel is thickest here - but there is no evidence of a stop ridge or median bevel. The upper body of the blade remains at the same thickness. It tapers slightly from the expanded stops. The long edges are of the chisel are heavily abraded and any sign of casting seams have been lost.  There is no cast or applied / punched / hammered decoration present on the artefact. It has a mid brown green coloured relatively thick patina which is abraded on all surfaces. Where abrasion has occurred some additional lamination is present, as well as distinct pock-marks and cracking of patina on both the upper and lower faces. The abraded areas are a mid - light green colour with relatively stable corrosion product present. One side is considerably uneven and irregular possibly suggesting that the chisel was poorly cast using an amalgam of metals. The break across the upper blade is patinated suggesting damage in antiquity. The surface patina on the better preserved face has a dull silver grey coloured sheen, often seen with high tin content bronzes from the very late Bronze Age and earliest Iron Age deposits (Llyn Fawr metalwork). A direct parallel has not been found for this chisel - it is much more crude then many tanged chisels of the Middle - Late Bronze Age.



The chisel measures: 72.6mm length, is 27.2mm wide across the stops and 22.6mm across the blade, and it is 11.9mm thick at the same point. It weighs 69.85 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,69.85,,,11.9,72.6,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,,,,EATON,SJ5865,From finder,53.180432,-2.629899,HESH-BCF365,,HESHBCF365.jpg,Bronze Age: Chisel,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/yviea/HESHBCF365.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1022342.jpg
502551,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy plano-convex ingot, sub-triangular in plan and profile, and plano-convex in section. The fragment rises up from its semi-circular outer edge, which is about 10 mm in thickness, to the centre of the ingot, where it is broken, and 27 mm in thickness or height. The two sides which look deliberately waisted may have been filed after sections were taken out of the ingot, and have since worn smooth and corroded to form rounded yet defined rectangular edges. There are also a few pits in the base, side and upper surface, which were probably formed from air pockets during the casting process.


Caches of copper alloy ingots have been found in pottery vessels at sites such as Porthcothan in Cornwall, and fragments of ingots have been found in Late Bronze Age metalworker's hoards from St Erth and Tregonning, for example. These plano-convex ingots tend to date from the Late Bronze Age (c.1150-700 BC).


Pearce (1983) illustrates four incomplete plano-convex ingots from Mountbatten, Plymouth, on page 597, Plate 36, No.281t, which were found associated with Late Bronze Age socketed axes, gouges, chisels and knives, and two from Churston Ferrers in Devon on page 601, Plate 40, Nos.306a-b.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-03-31T23:00:00Z,2012-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,468.8,27,,10,63,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Gwinear-Gwithian,SW6036,From a paper map,50.175312,-5.36265,CORN-BD3DD5,,DSCN8246.JPG,ingot (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN8246.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/380870.jpg
502818,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-900,1600,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy object of uncertain (but most probably post medieval) date. The object forms a terminal; it tapers, has a square section and has a blunt end. The length is 30-09mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-08-31T23:00:00Z,2006-05-30T23:00:00Z,,,11.45,,,,30.09,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,West Rasen,TF0689,From finder,53.387213,-0.40767,-SUR 107785.00,,12-61.JPG,Bronze Age to post medieval: Unidentified object,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/12-61.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/381158.jpg
502930,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1500,"A complete cast copper-alloy flanged axehead of early Bronze Age date.


It has a thin, rounded butt, with almost straight sides before expanding to a flared  blade. The axe thins smoothly from the centre to the blade at one end and butt at  the other, with raised flanges on either side on both faces which are now  damaged and worn, giving an H-shaped section. One flange is more pronounced than the other. No stop bevel is apparent and there is no decoration. The surface is heavily pitted


Dimensions are length 110 mm, blade width 63 mm, and body width 23 mm at the butt where the flanges end to 31 mm at the base of the blade. Maximum thickness of the body on the side of the most pronounced flange is 13 mm.


The axhead is possibly Needham (1983) Class 5, and dates to the early Bronze Age (Arreton period), c.1700-1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,,,,,,,,13,110,1,Mary Chester-Kadwell,Mary Chester-Kadwell,Eastern,Norfolk,,,,,,,NMS-21A457,,57333_EBA_FlangedAxehead_1.jpg,Bronze Age Flanged Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/57333_EBA_FlangedAxehead_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/384713.jpg
503048,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, dating from c.1000-800 BC. The axe fragment consists of only the cutting edge, which is slightly rounded and has flared outer edges; these then taper inward and would have continued into the length of the axe head, but is now broken. A small section of the socket survives behind the cutting edge.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-02-01T00:00:00Z,2012-02-29T00:00:00Z,,,56.2,,,15.66,30.03,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Little Bedwyn,SU2766,Centred on field,51.392401,-1.613334,BERK-255765,,2011824.jpg,Bronze Age Axe: Late Bronze Age Socketed Axe,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2011824.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/381664.jpg
503302,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 BC. The fragment consists of only the very tip of the spearhead, but it is in excellent condition. It has a narrow and slender tip with a pronounced midrib on both faces which is triangular in section. The tapering wings have slight edge bevels. The wing edges are still sharp, the the rib is also angular enough to feel crisp, and to form a sharp point. The break at the wider end is patinated. The part that survives has straight sides. The patina is almost black, and is smooth and glossy with longitudinal striations. Although only a fragment of the spearhead survives, the narrowness of the blade, and the extent of the midrib (to the tip of the blade) suggest it might be classified as no earlier than Davis Group 6 (2017).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-01-01T00:00:00Z,2012-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,4.14,,,6.64,36.58,1,Carole Bloom,Carole Bloom,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Scotter,SE9000,Generated from computer mapping software,53.489024,-0.645021,SWYOR-398C35,,PAS_1790_spear.jpg,Bronze Age spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1790_spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/383106.jpg
503323,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A copper alloy Bronze Age arrowhead which is flat and barbed and tanged. One barb is missing and the edges are damaged. It has a rib along the centre on both faces, giving it a slightly lozenge shaped section. The end of the barb is rounded, as is the end of the surviving tang, though it is not clear if it is complete. The barb is half as long as the tang. The notch between the barb and tang has straight sides and a rounded end, but overall is fairly square and narrow (3.67mm wide at the widest point). The surface has a smooth golden brown patina which is well developed. There is some pitting which is green.


There are only 4 other Bronze Age flat, barbed and tanged arrowheads on the PAS database: NMS-F982A3, WMID-CE6A76, NARC-F9B223 and SF6680.


SF6680 notes that: ""Tanged (usually with barbs) copper-alloy arrowheads are known from the  late Bronze Age in Britain and western Europe (cf. Brendon O'Connor,  1980), though they are rare"" and provides four parallels from Suffolk:  ""tanged, from ERL 050; barbed and tanged, from LKH and MNL 333 (neither yet on SMR); and uncertain shape, from EXG Misc. (from LBA  hoard)"".  The record also cites examples from Norfolk: ""examples include one from  Hockwold, one from Methwold, and two of uncertain provenance.""


NARC-F9B223 records that: ""Dr. Colin Pendleton (SCCAS) notes that there is no reason to doubt that  these are contemporary with Early Bronze Age flint examples of similar  form.""


WMID-CE6A76 cites other examples ""illustrated in Watson, P, J, 1993, 'Catalogue of  British and European Prehistoric metalwork in Birmingham City Museums',  page 11, ref no 90, found in Britain but with no provenance, as well as  page 26, ref nos 328 (found at the Swiss Lakes; no provenance); 329  (found at Lake Neuchatel) and 330 (found at the Swiss Lakes: no  provenance)""


NMS-F982A3 cites Stuart Needham, who having examined a photograph, commented:




'It is interesting to learn of yet another of these arrowheads from  British soil. Many years ago I would have doubted the veracity of the  findspot, or suspected a collector's loss, However, there are now  sufficient (as well as the one secure context in the Penard hoard,  Glamorgan) to suggest some currency of the type in this country. Despite  the morphological similarity to flint versions, they by no means have  to be Early Bronze Age. Bronze barbed-and-tanged arrowheads in one guise  or another continue right through and my suspicion would be that most  finds are Middle to Late Bronze Age. The Penard example proved to have  an unusual metal composition suggestive of it being a foreigner.'",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-01-01T00:00:00Z,2012-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,3.95,,,3.06,46.4,1,Carole Bloom,Carole Bloom,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Scotter,SE9000,Generated from computer mapping software,53.489024,-0.645021,SWYOR-3A2CF7,,PAS_1790_arrowhead.jpg,Bronze Age flat barbed and tanged arrowhead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1790_arrowhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/383099.jpg
505064,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A fragment from the blade of a Bronze Age rapier, or possibly a dirk or dagger. The surviving fragment is rectangular in form, pointed  oval in section and terminates at both ends in old breaks. The  surfaces are extremely worn and pitted with no visible signs of use-wear  or tool marks and only traces of the original dark brown/green patina  visible. It is probably of Middle Bronze Age date, about 1,500-1,150 BC. Compare SF-D3CE33, KENT-2644F0 and KENT-258DF1.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-02-15T00:00:00Z,2012-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,18.14,,,4.85,70,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Kelfield,SE5839,Centred on field,53.844014,-1.119964,SWYOR-4A2876,,PAS_1824_BA_Blade.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1824_BA_Blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/383145.jpg
506476,Armlet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"Description A crumpled and torn fragment of sheet gold with engraved geometric decoration comprising three bands of double zigzags separated by two plain zones; the zones are each bounded by three longitudinal engraved lines and the edges by four. The decoration is well executed. Two straight edges are present and these appear to be parallel.

Maximum dimensions: Length 25.5mm; Width 12.2mm; Thickness 0.1mm; Weight 1.35 grams. The width when intact would be approximately 22mm.

Analysis: Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of a fragment of sheet gold ornament with incised geometric decoration carried out by the British Museum's Department of Conservation and Scientific Research, indicated a gold content of 86-88%, a silver content of approximately 10-11%, the remainder being copper. The sheet fragment weighs 1.35 grams..

Identification: The parallel edges and orientation of the decoration indicate that this is not a lunula fragment. The restored width is more in keeping with an armlet. The best analogues are all copper alloy armlets belonging to Needham's Group 1 (Needham 2000, 29). These are penannular sheet metal bands, three of which are narrow and three broad. One of the former is plain but the other five have geometric decoration; the broader examples (27, 21 and 37mm) particularly bearing zones and panels of motifs resembling decoration on Beaker pottery; one of them, from Knipton in Leicestershire, was associated with a Beaker but not with human remains. Another from a Normanton barrow (Amesbury G41) was found on the arm of a skeleton (Waterman 1948, 180) but has no other associations. The Knipton Beaker is not amongst the earliest. The number of Group 1 armlets is small, and contextual information is scanty. Needham's assessment acknowledges the difficulties involved in establishing a chronology for his Groups 1 and 2 armlets. A date in the Early Bronze Age, not before circa 2200BC, appears likeliest at present.

References: Needham, S. 2000. The gold and copper metalwork. In Hughes, G. The Lockington Gold Hoard: An Early Bronze Age barrow cemetery at Lockington, Leicestershire. Oxbow Books, Oxford, 23-46. Waterman, D. M. 1948. An Early Bronze Age bracelet from Bridlington, Yorkshire. Antiquaries Journal 28, 179-180. Gillian Varndell Curator, Department of Prehistory and Europe 26.02.13",As the object is prehistoric and contains precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Designation Order 2002.,3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2012T441,,1.35,,,0.1,25.5,1,Julian Watters,Julian Watters,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Battlesden,SP9627,From finder,51.93324113,-0.60510572,BH-1EC018,,2012T441.jpg,Bronze Age Lunula fragment,St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2012T441.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/404188.jpg
507805,Wedge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"A complete cast copper alloy splitting wedge of uncertain, but probably Bronze Age, date. The wedge has a rectangular section and the sides show filed seams. The top shows heavy wear from impacts and is curled over. A corner of the blade is missing. The wedge is 53.62mm long and the weight is 60.50g.


It seems more likely that weights of later date would have been made of iron.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,60.5,,,11.84,53.62,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Dummer,SU5946,,51.210167,-1.156758,SUR-9FC532,,B12-232.JPG,Bronze Age: Wedge,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B12-232.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/387073.jpg
508506,Axehead,Bronze Age,,,-1400,-1250,"A cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age palstave axe, dating from c. 1400 BC to 1250 BC. The axehead measures 141mm in length. The object tapers from the wider blade end towards the butt; in section it is roughly lozenge shaped. The cutting edge has a crescentic form in plan and is lenticular in section; it measures 58.5mm in width from one end of the blade to the other. The flanges start a short way in from the butt corners, and terminate just beyond the central point where the septum meets the blade end. There is no stop ridge visible. There are slight traces of a raised central moulding running lengthways along the axehead; there are no other traces of decoration visible.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-04-11T23:00:00Z,2012-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,141,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,North Devon,Heanton Punchardon,SS4936,From a paper map,51.10335947,-4.15814659,DEV-07F6B5,,DEV-07F6B5 Bronze Age palstave axe.jpg,DEV-07F6B5 Bronze Age palstave axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV-07F6B5 Bronze Age palstave axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/401383.jpg
509976,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1700,"A corroded and abraded cast copper-alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date. This small example is from the earliest bronze working traditions, dating from the centuries after c. 2000 BC. The blade terminates in a rounded cutting edge. Bevelling to create the edge is gradual. Beyond the edge the object narrows to a width of 16.65mm and is at its thickest, 7.6mm.  The object remains a fairly constant width to the butt.  It narrows very gradually, and then more obviously in the quarter at the butt end. The axehead has a rectangular cross-section with no side flanges as such; the surfaces are very slightly concave, though. The artefact has corroded to dark-brown colour, pitted all over. One of the corners of the butt end is notably abraded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-02-19T00:00:00Z,,,,34.42,,,7.9,52.8,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Old Basing and Lychpit,SU6852,Generated from computer mapping software,51.263112,-1.026799,HAMP-B18A07,,HAMP-B18A07flataxehead.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-B18A07flataxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/387348.jpg
511251,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"An incomplete or fragment of an unidentified cast copper alloy artefact. In plan the artefacts is sub-rectangular with an asymmetrical convex lower edge which tapers towards one terminal. All edges are broken and abraded edges, but this does not appear to be recent. In section the artefact is sub-rectangular with a slight convex plane on the lateral edges. The surface has pitting and a dark green heavy patina. It measures 53.61mm long, 19.89mm wide and 3.79mm thick. It weighs 15.6g.


The function of the object is not known. It is not likely to be a dagger or rapier or such like as the cross section does not have a central rib or tapering cutting edges. The condition of the metal and its' surface does suggest a probable Bronze Age date (-2150 - -800).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-01-01T00:00:00Z,2012-06-10T23:00:00Z,,,15.6,,,3.79,53.61,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Kington,SO9955,From finder,52.193237,-2.016047,WAW-742B74,,WAW-742B74.jpg,Bronze Age unidentified artefact.,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-742B74.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/388285.jpg
511594,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-100,"A fragment from an unidentified cast copper-alloy object of a known type usually referred to as 'moustache-like' or 'moustache shaped'. These objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead 1998; ref. 117) and various other finds reported to the PAS which are associated with Middle Bronze Age material. An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (Robin Iles pers. comm. 9th July 2012; Current Archaeology March 2012, Issue 264, 35).


The object is a hollow three-dimensional pointed oval with a bulbous upper part. It is decorated with a series of shallow longitudinal grooves which run down the exterior of the bulbous or bowl-shaped part of the item, apart from a small area on the lower surface, which come to a halt about halfway along the length of the item leaving the pointed terminal plain and undecorated. The majority of the bulbous part is hollow as can be seen from the opening at the wider end. Other hollow examples recorded on this database include: SUSS-3AEC48, WILT-0C9A63, BH-A7CCB5 and BERK-403617. The opening is a maximum of 7.9mm long.


Due to the surface corrosion it is not possible to be certain that this item is incomplete. Based on other known examples (e.g. SF-520513) it would appear that this item actually represents under half of the original. The whole should comprise of two of these pointed ovals bridged in the middle, with a hole through the centre of this bridge. This form gives the items the appearance of being shaped like a stylised moustache or pair of wings. The purpose of these items is unknown but a scabbard chape is the usual suggestion.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,,2012-07-01T23:00:00Z,,,6.69,30,,,19.4,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bishops Waltham,SU5518,Generated from computer mapping software,50.95881,-1.218269,HAMP-C04CC3,,HAMP-C04CC3unidentifiedobject.JPG,Middle Bronze Age unidentified 'moustache' shaped object,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley/HAMP-C04CC3unidentifiedobject.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/388664.jpg
511638,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Roman,POST MEDIEVAL,,,,finders ref: AR147,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,58.79,,,2.5,87,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Hackleton,SP8254,GPS (from the finder),52.178171,-0.802209,NARC-C22208,,blade a zxxx.jpg,blade,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/blade a zxxx.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/388734.jpg
512422,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"
A possible fragment of a cast copper-alloy Bronze Age axe.  The fragment is very worn and is tapering in section. It is possibly a very worn blade.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.31,,,5.9,35.71,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Ropley,SU6432,From finder,51.083757,-1.087674,-SUR 449726.00,,12-300.JPG,Bronze Age: Axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/12-300.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/390896.jpg
514952,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age palstave. The blade portion of the palstave remains with the broken edge traversing the palstave. The broken edge is not too recent. The blade cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical, rounded, blunt, slightly abraded and is convex in plan. The blade has slightly flared sides. Both faces of the palstave has a slightly linear rib running along the length of the axe. The surface of the palstave is slightly abraded with only traces of a mid grey/green patina and a black deposit which is possibly carbon. From the cutting edge to the broken edge the palstave measures 35.98mm, and across the corners of the blade it measures 56.76mm wide and measures 11.61mm thick at the broken edge. It weighs 82.2g.


The palstave dates to the middle Bronze Age, c.1500 to 1300 BC.",Peter Reavill writes: MBA Palstave with central rib - not enough  survives to suggest a sub-type - but probably either Primary - Shield  shaped pattern or a low flanged / mid ribbed type. All these fit within  the Early Palstave groups (I 2 or 3 - most probably 1 or 2 as teh blade  doesn't look hugely flared) broadly dated 1500-1300 BC,4,Copper alloy,Other,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-03-31T23:00:00Z,2012-06-05T23:00:00Z,,,82.2,,,11.61,35.98,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Tanworth-in-Arden,SP1169,From a paper map,52.318995,-1.840046,WAW-ADBA41,,WAW-ADBA41.jpg,"Bronze Age palstave (plan, section, plan and section views).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-ADBA41.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/391113.jpg
515143,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A cast copper-alloy palstave axe of the Middle Bronze Age, 1500 BC-1150 BC. The axe is worn and incomplete, there is a break at the end opposite to the blade and the surface is inconsistent in colour and pitting. The axe consists of a U-shaped septum and straight-sided open flanges for hafting. The flanges are lozenge-shaped in profile. There is crescent shaped blade, which is 46.41mm in width and tapers towards the ridge. The patina is largely green with some green encrustations and corrosion. There is a small amount of chipping along blade edge. The object measures 136.55mm in length and 23.79mm in width.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-04-14T23:00:00Z,2012-06-09T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,136.55,1,Emma Morris,Emma Morris,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Easingwold,SE5369,Centred on parish,54.114151,-1.190742,DUR-F7B424,,DUR-F7B424.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave Axe,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/emorris/DUR-F7B424.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/391264.jpg
515348,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age flat axe. It consists of the blade edge and a small portion of the body. The axe probably dates to the early Bronze Age, c2150-1500 BC. The axe fragment is curved and wider at the blade end. It then narrows and thickens along the body. The blade end shows use of ware with pieces missing along the edge. There are no markings or fixings visible on the axe for further identification.


The fragment measures  64.9mm long, 71mm wide at the blade and 40.9mm wide athe the break end. It is 9.8mm at its thickest point and weighs 173 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-07-08T23:00:00Z,,,,173,,,9.8,64.9,1,Stephanie Smith,Claire Goodey,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Arlington,TQ5408,,50.851024,0.186359,SUSS-0FD346,,SUSS-0FD346FlatAxe.jpg,Bronze Age Flat Axe,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS-0FD346FlatAxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/399701.jpg
515393,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-875,-700,"A fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe. The fragments consists of only a small area of the open socket and part of a side loop. There is also a casting seam visible. It is likely that this is part of a side-looped socketed axe, dating from c. 875-700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-01-01T00:00:00Z,2012-07-09T23:00:00Z,,,10.46,26.66,,5.76,,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Edgcott,SP6722,Centred on parish,51.89253439,-1.02779644,BERK-120492,,2012091.jpg,Post-medieval vessel: Vessel fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2012091.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/391474.jpg
515441,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-600,"
A cast copper alloy Bronze Age blade, possibly from a dagger, now extremely worn and pitted. The tang is missing.  The object is lozengiform in cross section with no clear midrib.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-04-14T23:00:00Z,,,"Leisure Promotions at East Stratton, Hants 15th April 2012",6.08,,,3.27,45.11,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Micheldever,SU5440,Recorded at a rally,51.156714,-1.229229,SUR-148F61,,DSCN7029.JPG,Bronze age: Dagger or spear,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/DSCN7029.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/397921.jpg
515568,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2350,-2050,"An Early Bronze Age flat axe. The axe is 114mm long and is missing the butt end. The break appears to be ancient. The blade is 84mm wide. The axe is plain with no side flanges but the sharp edges of the blade are missing due to corrosion.


The axe is of Early Bronze Age date (c. 2350 - 2050 BC). This example fits best into the earliest known copper axe and early bronze axes discovered in Britain. These are dated to the Early Bronze Age of metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-06-30T23:00:00Z,2012-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,511,,,10.92,113.71,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Wokingham,Wokingham,Swallowfield,SU7264,From a paper map,51.370505,-0.967061,SUR-25F712,,B12-276.JPG,Bronze Age: Flat axe,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B12-276.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/391611.jpg
515883,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"An almost intact cast copper alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date (1000 - 800 BC). The axe is almost complete with just one corner of the cutting edge (blade tip) missing. The break is patinated and worn.


The axe is sub rectangular in plan, with the cutting edge   expanding outwards to form an convex cutting edge which is wider than the rest of the axe. The socket has a sub square mouth (internal width 26.51mm,  internal length 22.33mm, external  width 37.8mm, external length 34.8 mm and the wall of the mouth is 5-6mm thick). The socket is 48.72mm deep and the insides are smooth. There is a moulded collar round the mouth. On the front and back of the axe, three faint ribs extend along the socket towards the blade. There is a plain gap between the start of the ribs and the mouth moulding of about 5-6mm. The ribs fade out before the sides of the axe start to expand to form the cutting edge. There is one rib along each side of the two main faces, and one along the centre. They are rounded in section. The front and back faces of the axe are very slightly faceted at the socket end, changing in angle at the central rib. The sides of the axe have a pronounced castling seam along the centre of each. The sides are also very slightly faceted, changing in angle at the seams. These slight facets make the socket sub octagonal in section. Both sides of the axe are sub triangular in plan with the apex of the   triangle  being the point of the blade. The blade is slightly  bevelled. The collar round the mouth is 7mm wide and the corners between  the front and back and sides of the axe are rounded.


One side of the axe exhibits a semi circular moulded side  loop (18.44mm  length, 8.6mm wide, 4.4mm thick and projects 7.8mm  away from the  surface of the axe), in parallel alignment to the blade.  The loop is placed low down, the upper end emerging from immediately below the collar. A  casting seam runs the  length of the axe from the  socket mouth to the side of the blade, and over the loop. The inside of the loop  exhibits another casting seam. The casting seams do not appear to have been completely  hammered, filed and smoothed. Between the loop and the blade, nearer the loop, is a small sub-circular hole through the wall of the socket. It appears to have been formed from the outside, as the sides of the hole are angled so the hole is bigger on the outside.


The axe is a mid green to dark brown colour, with an uneven surface patina and areas of roughness.  The original surface has been removed in a couple of areas.


A very similar axe is NMS-BE9687.


Peter Reavill comments that the axe fits with the Type Yorkshire (Schmidt and Burgess), which is a very large class starting in the Wiburton /  Wallington period into the Ewart Park phase. This fits with metalworking phases X - XII, or Needham Periods 6-7, dating from about  1150-750 CAL BC. This axe is likely to date from about 1000 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-02-01T00:00:00Z,2012-05-13T23:00:00Z,,,146.46,,,34.38,67.95,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Brearton,SE3361,Generated from computer mapping software,54.043921,-1.497538,SWYOR-3D34A6,,PAS_1866_socketed_axe.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1866_socketed_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/391865.jpg
516199,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-1000,"An incomplete probable Middle-Late Bronze Age copper alloy small tanged chisel, with  a rectangular section (maximum dimensions 16 x 4mm) and with pitted  flat faces and sides. The tang tapers at one end with the terminal missing, and cutting-edge is incomplete. The length  of the remaining portion is 45mm. The object may date from c. 1200 - c. 1000 BC, or possibly a little later. Compare to SF-843F22 and NMS-F87702. Copper alloy woodworking tools are known from the Bronze Age but this is not one of the most common forms, and since it is incomplete, the date cannot be conclusive. Such tools continue in use to the  Post Medieval period for finer woodworking.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1990-01-01T00:00:00Z,1990-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,8.96,,,4,45,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Sherburn in Elmet,SE4833,From finder,53.791109,-1.272869,SWYOR-8D2683,,PAS_1892_chisel.jpg,Bronze Age chisel,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1892_chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/392152.jpg
516324,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A cast copper-alloy rapier (or possibly dagger) of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1500-1150 BC.



The rapier blade fragments are in two pieces that fit together and a third piece from the mid-blade, all with very abraded edges. The blade is sub-rectangular in plan and a pointed oval shape in section. One end of the blade fragment is thinner and slightly rounded in its breakage, suggesting that the surviving fragments are the base of the blade and upper handle/tang. Measurements for each section are:



L=83.69mm; W=27.49mm; Th=5.14mm.



L=45.68mm; W=24.49mm; Th=5.14mm.



L=140.15mm; W=23.08mm; Th=5.51mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-01-01T00:00:00Z,2009-09-09T23:00:00Z,,,142.3,,,5.14,129.37,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Healeyfield,NZ0647,Generated from computer mapping software,54.817817,-1.908154,NCL-A09BA4,,NCL-A09BA4.jpg,Bronze Age rapier fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-A09BA4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/392232.jpg
516343,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A cast copper-alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date, c. 2150-1500 BC.


The axehead has a very curved blade with most of the edge lost to wear and corrosion. The head has a maximum width at the tips of the blade (86.61mm) and tapers to a break before the butt (42.59mm width). Most of the surface patina has been lost, revealing a very blue-green corroded surface of uneven quality.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2012-01-01T00:00:00Z,2012-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,352,,,8.74,101.6,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Stannington,NZ2181,Generated from computer mapping software,55.122943,-1.672254,NCL-A1A937,,NCL-A1A937.jpg,NCL-A1A937: Early Bronze Age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-A1A937.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/393304.jpg
516348,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast copper-alloy socketed axehead of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1000-800 BC.


The axehead is largely complete, with a section of the body missing on one face. The cutting edge of the blade is very worn and corroded and has a small notch in its center. The blade tapers slightly into the body and a sub-rectangular moulded mouth. There a three slight moulded ribs in low relief forming an E-shape on each face, extending form the mouth to the middle of the body.A loop can be found on one face of the axe, emerging just inside the mouth for a length of 19.72mm. The socket retains some soil.


Total length=67.17mm; Blade w=35.84mm; width at mouth=33.98mm; thickness at mouth=4.05mm; depth of socket=39.79mm; weight=92.7g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2012-01-01T00:00:00Z,2012-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,92.7,,,4.05,67.17,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Stannington,NZ2083,Generated from computer mapping software,55.140955,-1.687793,NCL-A1ECA3,,NCL-A1ECA3.jpg,NCL-A1ECA3: Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-A1ECA3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/393305.jpg
516668,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1500,"An incomplete copper alloy dagger, or dirk, of Bronze Age date. The dirk has been broken in half in antiquity. The dirk has four rivet holes. There is an even light green patina.


Dot. Boughton, FLO for Lancs and Cumbria and specialist in Bronze Age metalwork, has kindly offered the following research:


""According to Burgess and Gerloff (Ref: Burgess, C. and Gerloff, S. 1981. The dirks and and rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland. Praehistorische Bronzefunde IV, 7. Munich) (pg. 19):

""Group II: Dirks and rapiers assigned to Group II have blades showing a central ridge which produces a distinctive flattened lozenge cross-section. The edges can be plain or bevelled. The blades are generally plain, only a very few examples having lateral grooves or decorative bands across thr butt-end of the median ridge. Generally butts are more or less trapezoidal and have two rivets in rivet-holes, only a few having an additional pair of side notches, indicating a hilt affixes by four rivets in the Continental manner....... Blades of Group II differ considerably and it is only possible to distinguish three clear-cut Types within the group, the basis of classification being the shape and proportions of butt and blade. The remainder are all obviously related to each other but do not form any homogenous types or are too damaged for further classification.....""




They carry on describing their first type, ""Blades with four rivet holes"": (p. 20) A few weapons of Group II have four rivet holes, a feature not characteristic of British dirks and rapiers and more commonly found on the Continent where four-riveted trapezoidal butts are associated with Tumulus Culture rapiers in south Germany as well as Wohlde dirks in the North.""


Burgess and Gerloff show three examples (nos 66-68) which are deescribed as possible imports from Northern Germany. No. 68 is especially similar to the one recorded here.


There is therefore a high likelihood that this dagger or, more accurately, dirk, is actually a Continental piece, possibly from Northern Germany or southern Scandinavia.


There is a similar dirk on thios website: http://www.lwl.org/LWL/Kultur/Westfalen_Regional/Siedlung/Siedlungsgeschichte/Bronzezeit/ 


Another more or less appropriate comparison is a dagger which is part of the hoard from Berlin-Spandau. Its origin is possibly southern Scandinavia, Schleswig-Holstein or Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Northern Germany). It shares the four rivets, semi-circular shoulders/butt end and gently curved blade. There is an image (figure) here: Abb. 1,7 in: Schwenzer, S. 1997. ""Wanderer, kommst du nach Spa..."". In: Haensel, B. and Haensel, A. (eds.) 1997: Gaben an die Goetter. Schaetze der Bronzezeit Europas. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Preussischer Kulturbesitz und Freie Universitaet, Seminar fuer Ur- und Fruehgeschichte, p. 61-67.


Generally speaking I think that this is an artefact of the Continental tumulus culture which is part of the Middle Bronze Age and the date is c. 1600-1200BC, probably more towards the beginning of it, i.e. 1600-1500BC"".


The length of the dirk is 165mm. At its widest the dirk is 35mm. The blade is 19mm wide before tapering to a point and 4mm thick at the central axis.","
Many thanks to Dot Bougton for such extensive research and comparisons.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,58.78,,,4,165,1,Dot Boughton,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Whittlebury,SP6945,From finder,52.099045,-0.994116,NARC-CC1CF4,,BAdagger1.JPG,NARC-CC1CF4: bronze age dagger,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/BAdagger1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/392659.jpg
516750,Axehead,Bronze Age,,,,,"I am grateful for the following description which was produced by John Llywellyn Williams.



The axe was discovered in 2012 and is an interesting example of a Bandon type Developed axe displaying some atypical features. Bandon axes are distinguished by their small size, a rectangular, slightly tapering parallel sided body, convex sides developing into low hammered side flanges, a faintly defined proto stop ridge and a sharp lower body flare expanding into a deep crescentic blade with pointed blade tips. This specimen corresponds in most of the listed attributes but differs in the following manner. A very faint outline of a stop ridge can be discerned on one face but, most importantly, the side flanges were formed on this same single face. The obverse face is featureless and therefore defeats the object of creating an efficient hafting facility on the axe. In this capacity the specimen may be considered as an unfinished object which leads to the question why it was discarded rather than being recycled. Although not analysed the most likely composition of the axe is bronze. The object was discovered during metal detecting by an employee of the landowner and the context of burial is therefore not known.



In the Welsh corpus of Developed axes there are nine Bandon and Bandon affiliated examples from Wales with four representatives from northern Wales, respectively Crug (Bethel), Caerwys (Flintshire), Overton, (Wrexham) and Rhuallt (Denbigh). The Crug axe, the nearest geographically to Llanfaglan, is closely similar but has an extended body and is characterised by panelling on the face a feature unique to this axe. The closest parallels to the Llanfaglan axe are two axes from south Wales, namely the small, slightly damaged example from Llanfabon (Nelson - Caerphilly) and the example from Penllyn near Bridgend, one of a small group which appear to be associated with the location of a former lake.



The dimensions of the axe are - length 81.23mm; blade width 48.60mm; butt width 21.87mm; maximum body thickness 11.97mm, weight 151.6 gms.



Developed flat axes belong to metalworking assemblage IV, corresponding to the earlier part of Needham's (1996) Period 3 and can probably be dated to the interval between circa 2000 and 1750BC. (John Llywelyn Williams, Bangor 2012)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,151.6,,,11.97,81.23,1,Roland Flook,Roland Flook,,Gwynedd,,,SH4660,,53.11488372,-4.30239749,GAT-CF98C6,,,,,,,
517406,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Bronze Age gold penannular ring. The object has a slightly tapering sub- circular section and is turned inwards to form an open loop. The object has flat terminals which are aligned almost parallel, tapering inwards slightly at their inner edge and are set 4mm apart.


Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of the penannular ring carried out by the British Museum's Department of Conservation and Scientific Research indicated a gold content of 82-85%, silver content of 12-14%, the remainder being copper. The ring weighs 6.06 grams and the specific gravity measurement of 17.49 indicates that it is gold alloy throughout, not plated.


It is 22mm long, 15mm wide, 5mm thick and weighs 6.06g.","As the object is made of over 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old, it constitutes Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2012-08-17T23:00:00Z,,2012T573,,6.06,,,5,22,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Woodhouse,SK5213,From finder,52.712171,-1.23172,LEIC-4AB781,,4AB781.JPG,bronze age gold ring money,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/4AB781.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/393396.jpg
518968,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-700,"A complete cast copper alloy (bronze) socketed axe of Late Bronze Age dating (950 to 700 BC).


The axe is sub-rectangular in plan with a flared convex cutting edge and the socket is sub-rectangular in cross section. The socket of the axe is sub-rectangular, with an irregular mouth. The top edge of the socket shows little evidence of casting jets that have been trimmed flush with the socket mouth. One of the four casting runners survives the extensive abrasion and can be clearly identified. The mould has slipped slightly during the casting process. The swollen moulded collar of the socket is relatively wide and varies in thickness along its length. At the base of the collar a small swollen rib extends. The loop is well preserved and relatively small and wide with a irregular lentoid shaped cross section. It is set in a low position on the axe being set beneath the collar in line with the horizontal moulding.The horizontal cast moulding is present on both faces and the edges of the axe; however this is better preserved on one face. From this moulding, on each face, three parallel longitudinal ribs descend. The ribs are complete and taper along their length terminating approximately in the middle of the axe. The two long sides of the axe expand slightly along the length of the socket and terminate with an expanded blade.The blade edge has been lost through abrasion and corrosion.


The socketed axe head is a mid matt greenish brown colour with an even, well formed patina which covers most surfaces. There are several areas where this patina has been lost - probably through abrasion. Here a dark green coloured metal can be seen. Some of this exposed metal has a light green powdery copper corrosion present. The areas worst affected are those around the collar, socket and cutting edge. These areas of exposed metal should be monitored for signs of active corrosion (bright greeny powdery residue). To reduce the risk of this occurring, the axe head should be stored in an dry acid-free environment, such as a sealed tupperware box, with silica gel and acid free tissue paper.


The axe measures 101.15mm in length, 45.20mm wide, is 38.55mm thick and weighs 185.7 grams. The depth of the socket is 75.94mm.


This axe fits into a well known distribution of ribbed axes present in the Northern Marches (Shropshire) and north and East Wales. It can be paralleled with a similar socketed ribbed axe from Breiddon Hillfort (Powys) which was discovered during excavations. This also had a portion of preserved willow haft which was radiocarbon dated to the period 754 ± 50 CAL BC(Musson 1991). This fits with the final phases of the Late Bronze Age specifically that associated with Ewart Park industrial phase. Similar discoveries of Socketed Axes (from which this example may be paralleled) can be seen in the Willow Moor Hoards (of 1790's and 1840's) from Little Wenlock, Shropshire (Chitty 1928). A similar axe was also discovered in a hoard of axes from Pencoyd, Herefordshire (2005-T412). This was also dated to the Ewart Park phase. These axes correspond in date with Needham's period 7 (Needham:1996) Very few Socketed axes have been discovered or reported from Shropshire in recent years so this example is particularly important to the understanding of Late Bronze Age Archaeology of the County.","
Thanks are extended to both Dot Broughton (Cumbrian FLO) and Peter Reavill (Herefordshire & Shropshire FLO) for their help with the identification and recording of this find.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-12-06T00:00:00Z,,,,185.7,,,38.55,101.15,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Norton in Hales,SJ6835,GPS (from the finder),52.911467,-2.477286,WMID-495676,,WMID-495676.jpg,WMID-495676: Late Bronze Age: Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-495676.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/395015.jpg
520350,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"The tip of a cast copper alloy spear of late  or possibly mid, Bronze Age date, 40.70mm in length. The object is very worn and the edges of the blade do not survive.There may be indications of the tip of a socket but this is not clear.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.99,,,8.7,40.7,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Dumbleton,SP0336,From finder,52.022411,-1.957691,SUR-0AA331,,12-465.JPG,Bronze Age: Spearhead,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/12-465.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/396604.jpg
521098,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,A fragment of a Bronze Age spearhead comprising the lower part of one blade edge together with the internal socket. The socket measures c8.5mm in diameter.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.6,,,,35.16,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Medway,Medway,Cliffe and Cliffe Woods,TQ7376,From finder,51.456545,0.488681,-SUR 998457.00,,12-468.JPG,Bronze Age: Spearhead,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/12-468.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/397436.jpg
521304,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2350,-700,"
A fragment from a bladed object of Bronze Age date. The object consists of the abraded blade tip, that tapers to a broadly rounded point. All of the edges have been abraded and broken to a greater or lesser extent. The break is broadly straight. The blade is broadly oval in cross section. Where it survives the metal has a dark-brown patina; underlying this it is a corroded mid-green colour.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-07-31T23:00:00Z,2011-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,0.79,,,1.75,15.6,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kings Somborne,SU3731,Centred on field,51.077137,-1.473221,HAMP-AE4623,,HAMP-AE4623.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry/HAMP-AE4623.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/398232.jpg
521334,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"A fragment possibly from a cast copper-alloy axehead of Bronze Age date. The fragment consists of a fragment of the blade and includes an abraded, expanded cutting edge. The axehead has been broken approximately 7.5mm from the cutting edge which is distorted; the 'cutting edge' is also notably blunt. At the break the object has a pointed oval cross-section. The object is highly corroded and is largely a mid grey colour, but with some patches of mid green corrosion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-02-06T00:00:00Z,,,,1.66,,,3.3,7.5,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kings Somborne,SU3731,Centred on field,51.077137,-1.473221,HAMP-AEBA60,,HAMP-AEBA60.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry/HAMP-AEBA60.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/398229.jpg
521761,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A copper-alloy awl of possible Bronze Age date.


The awl is of rectangular section, its widest point being one third of the way along, from where it tapers in both directions. The shorter end is probably incomplete, whereas the other side appears to be intact, tapering to a wedge-shaped end. The object has a dark greenish-brown patina and is corroded in places.


Dimensions: 64.5mm long, 5.8mm high, 4.5mm thick. Weight: 7.23g.


There is some debate as to the date of such awls, which probably first appeared in the Late Bronze Age but could conceivably have continued to have been made until much later. The patination of this piece does suggest a possible prehistoric date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-09T23:00:00Z,,,,7.23,,,4.5,64.5,1,Harvey Cross,Julian Watters,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Manuden,TL4726,Centred on parish,51.913137,0.135793,BH-DDD171,,Awl_12_104a_20.jpg,Bronze Age awl (possibly),St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/Awl_12_104a_20.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/397874.jpg
521762,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A copper-alloy awl of possible Bronze Age date.


The widest point of the awl is a short distance past its halfway point, from where it tapers in both directions. One side is of rectangular section, bent and incomplete; the intact side is of circular section, its diameter declining towards the point. The corroded surface retains patches of a dull green patination.


Dimensions: 58.6mm long, 5mm high, 4.7mm thick. Weight: 5.26g.


There is some debate as to the date of such awls, which probably first appeared in the Late Bronze Age but could conceivably have continued to have been made until much later. The patination of this piece does suggest a possible prehistoric date.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-05T23:00:00Z,,,,5.26,,,4.7,58.6,1,Harvey Cross,Julian Watters,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Ugley,TL5138,Centred on parish,52.019877,0.199175,BH-DDFA26,,Awl_12_104a_22.jpg,Bronze Age awl (possibly),St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/Awl_12_104a_22.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/397881.jpg
521763,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Part of a copper-alloy socket, probably from a Mid to Late Bronze Age spearhead.


The remaining portion represents the bottom part of the socket, including its opening, under half of the original circumference surviving. On the outer surface, immediately adjacent to the opening, there is a pair of grooves. The artefact has a dull brownish-green patina and is corroded in places.


Dimensions: 29.4mm long, 15.3mm wide. Weight: 3.91g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-02-16T00:00:00Z,,,,3.91,,,,29.4,1,Richard Gibson,Julian Watters,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Manuden,TL4726,Centred on parish,51.913137,0.135793,BH-DE15D4,,BA_spear_12_104a_14.jpg,Bronze Age socketed spearhead fragment (probably),St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/BA_spear_12_104a_14.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/397882.jpg
521764,Pendant,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2000,43,"An incomplete copper-alloy artefact of uncertain date and function.


The object has a straight 'arm' of flattened-oval section, broken at one end, the other end extending into a wider, roughly circular, 'loop'.


Dimensions: 37.3mm long, 12.7mm wide (including loop), 3.6mm thick. Weight: 5.41g.


The patination and form of this piece are consistent with a Bronze Age to Iron Age date. It is suggested that it may be part of a pendant.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-04-09T23:00:00Z,,,,5.41,,,3.6,37.3,1,Harvey Cross,Julian Watters,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Manuden,TL4726,Centred on parish,51.913137,0.135793,BH-DE4383,,Misc_obj_12_104a_17.jpg,Bronze Age to Iron Age pendant (possibly),St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/Misc_obj_12_104a_17.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/397883.jpg
521942,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1000,1700,"
A copper alloy apparent scabbard chape of uncertain date.



Dot Boughton comments: The patina and shape doesn't quite fit in with Late Bronze Age bag-shaped chapes and is more likely a chape of unknown or post-med date. Other Bronze Age bag-shaped chapes are just a bit more pointed at the top and they are often decorated with a groove or moulding or mouth moulding or even punched circlets, but this example is very plain.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-04-14T23:00:00Z,,,"Leisure Promotions at East Stratton, Hants 15th April 2012",8.41,18.03,,,30.37,1,David W Williams,Margaret Broomfield,,,,,,,,,SUR-07BA47,,East Stratton 15.4.12 111.JPG,Bronze age: Chape,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/East Stratton 15.4.12 111.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/398033.jpg
522118,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A folded gold strip comprising eleven gold wires joined side by side by soldering.



Max. length 15.93mm; max. width 8.14mm; max. thickness 4.4mm; thickness of wire approx.. 0.62mm; weight 2.26 grams.



Both manufacturing technique and composition are consistent with a Bronze Age date, although precise analogues for the type are presently lacking. Gold ribbon ornaments are known from the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1300-1100 BC, but the ribbed effect is achieved here by grooving (cf the piece from Ilam, Staffs. (Treasure Annual Report 2005/6, 20, no.14). Solder is used at this date in the manufacture of other gold ornament types such as (probably) the pendant from Burton, where circular-sectioned wire has been spiralled to form the biconical element (Treasure Annual Report 2004, 198, no.485). In the same hoard was an unusual bracelet; the wires were here twisted and fixed at each end by flat rectangular terminals but also at intervals by solder. Solder was also frequently used in the making of Middle Bronze Age composite rings. Later during the Bronze Age the face-plates of lock rings were sometimes made from individual wires soldered together, a technique which may have originated in Ireland.



As the object is prehistoric and contains precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Designation Order 2002.



Gillian Varndell



Curator, Department of Prehistory and Europe.","Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of a folded gold strip from Chislet, Kent, indicated a gold content of approximately 87-90%, a silver content of approximately 9-11% with approximately 1% copper. The strip is formed from gold wires joined side by side by soldering, a technique used in the Bronze Age to produce this reeded effect. The object weighs 2.26 grams.



Susan La Niece



Department of Conservation and Scientific Research



The British Museum",3,Gold,,Declared Treasure but returned to Finder as Museum unable to acquire,Metal detector,2012-09-21T23:00:00Z,,2012T659,,2.26,,,4.4,15.93,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Chislet,TR2162,From finder,51.31417,1.169849,SUR-1B64F5,,DSCN8763.JPG,Early medieval: Gold strip,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN8763.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/398178.jpg
522266,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy (Bronze) Rapier Blade. The blade fragment is rectangular in plan, with parallel long edges, that narrow to terminate in a blunted point. It has a lozenge shaped (lentoid) cross section with a raised central rib that tapers slightly in width and terminates at the tip of the blade. The remainder of the rapier (upper blade and hilt) is now missing. The surfaces have a dark green coloured polished patina which is abraded in places. The blade fragment has been bent midway though its length; the lack of stress fractures in the surface patina suggest this could be post depositional deliberate damage. c. 1500 - 1150 BC.



The rapier fragment measures 103.25mm in length, 21.01mm in maximum width, 5.51mm in thickness, and weighs 36.90g.","
Finder/recorder name obfuscated and shown as Kent FLO for site security.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-08-27T23:00:00Z,,,,36.9,,,5.51,103.25,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Shepway,Stowting,TR1242,Generated from computer mapping software,51.138007,1.029081,PUBLIC-2E7A94,,1.jpg,PUBLIC-2E7A94,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/louis3/1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/398289.jpg
522304,Vessel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment from a cast copper alloy ribbed lug handle from a late Bronze Age bucket.



Dot Bruns comments:



""This is a fragment from either an Atlantic bucket, Danubian style series, Type Nannau-Dowris or a Hiberno-British bucket like the ones from Dowalton and Duddingston Loch, both in the National Museum in Edinburgh. These are nos 166 and 167 in Gerloff's catalogue respectively and the date is c. late Wilburton-Ewart Park metalwork tradition, that is c. 1100-800BC. Gerloff does date the buckets into the Llyn Fawr period, but I am not sure what her evidence is - I certainly haven't seen any bucket fragments from EIA hoards or contexts and I have seen them if not all, then most of them I would say.""



""The loop on this example is not complete, i.e. 360 degrees. It is usually around 180-190 degrees and ridged like this example. The ridging derives from separately cast rings that were soldered together somehow - the later ones, like this example, only have ridges left. The ends of the 180/190 degree circle are attached to a staple/clamp which in turn clamps around the vessel opening/rim. The rim is usually rolled up or folded or strengthened with a rod (like in the example above) because usually, the handles were too fragile to lift a bronze bucket or cauldron, especially when it was filled/full. The sheet metal would rip and I think this is probably what happened in this example from Dowalton. There are other handles with handle attachments from hoards and buckets/cauldrons are incredibly rare.""","Gerloff, S. 2010. 'Atlantic cauldrons and buckets. Studies in typology, origin and function of multi-sheet vessels of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age in Western Europe. With a contribution on their construction and metallurgy by P. Northover.' Prähistorische Bronzefunde II, 18. Stuttgart.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-07-31T23:00:00Z,2012-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,24.19,,,13.36,23.57,1,Dot Boughton,David W Williams,South East,Kent,Gravesham,GRAVESEND,TQ6872,From finder,51.422115,0.414887,SUR-30F173,,DSCN8731.JPG,Bronze Age: Bucket handle lug,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN8731.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/398348.jpg
522840,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"An incomplete late Middle to early Late Bronze Age (1400 - 1100 BC) copper alloy notched-butt type rapier, missing its tip and with a worn butt end. The break is old and the blade is bent a little (horizontally) just before the break. Measures 95.84mm in length and weighs 31.53g.


The butt end has recent damage to the top edge, with loss of patina, and two notches just above the shoulders (the widest point, which measures 29.27x3.38mm).


The narrowing blade extends from the shoulders with a broad flat mid-rib. It is thickest (4.63mm) just below the shoulders. The blade measures 8.44x3.22mm at the break, which is rather more pointed-oval in cross-section.


Dot Boughton comments:  I would tentatively suggest this belongs to Gerloff and Burgess Group IV dating from the late Middle Bronze Age to the early Late Bronze Age, that is somewhere between the Taunton and Penard metalwork assemblages. The rapiers from the Appleby hoard (in Cumbria) look similar and there is an entire Type Appleby in Group IV dating between c. 1200-1100 BC (early Penard metalwork assemblage).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-07-28T23:00:00Z,,,,31.53,,,4.63,95.84,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Swindon,Swindon,Liddington,SU2278,Centred on field,51.500513,-1.684453,WILT-AD8D05,,WILT-AD8D05.jpg,Middle-Late Bronze Age rapier,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khinds/WILT-AD8D05.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/398769.jpg
522921,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Description



Half of a penannular ring of circular cross-section comprising gold foil covering a base metal (copper alloy) core. The exposed core and outer surface of the gold are iron-stained, probably from the burial environment. The fragment appears to have been quite neatly cut from the direction of the gap as the inner edge of the cross-section is flattened over the edge of the core and the outer edge is more ragged.



Maximum diameter 18mm; width 7.0 x 6.5mm. Weight 5.67 grams.



Composition



Appended report below.



Identification



A well known later Bronze Age type, decorative in character, c.1150-750 BC.","As the piece is ancient and contains a minimum of 10% gold, it qualifies as Treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act 1996.



Gillian Varndell



Curator, Department of Prehistory and Europe



27.03.2013



--



Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of a fragment of a penannular ring from Steyning, West Sussex, indicated a gold content of approximately 77-80%, a silver content of 16-18%, the remainder being copper. The analysis of one broken end detected mostly iron but with copper and tin. Iron is detected on this core and on the outer surface of the gold which would support the view that it is the result of contamination from the burial environment and that the core metal was copper alloy. The ring weighs 5.67 grams.



Department of Conservation and Scientific Research



The British Museum



File No. 7506-30



4 February 2013",3,Gold,Copper alloy,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2012T899,,5.66,,18,7.3,,1,Stephanie Smith,Claire Goodey,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Steyning,TQ1713,From finder,50.904628,-0.337392,SUSS-B02677,,SUSS-B02677.jpg,Bronze Age Annular Ring Fragment Composed of Gold Foil with Copper Alloy Core,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS-B02677.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/408224.jpg
523119,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"A late Bronze Age copper alloy fragment from a spear dating c. 1150 - 700BC.  This fragment comprises the tip of the spear head.  It has a large, rounded midrib which extends to the tip.  There is some edge damage but this appears to be caused after deposition.  The break is diagonally across the spear head and it has the same dark green patina as on the rest of the surface.  


Dimensions: length:  38.82mm; width: 15.42mm; thickness: 7.82mm; weight: 8.74g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.74,,,7.82,38.82,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Little Dunmow,TL6521,From finder,51.86318,0.39487,LON-D2AA52,,Rosenfeld-spearhead-June12.jpg,Bronze Age spear tip fragment,Museum of London,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/Rosenfeld-spearhead-June12.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/399016.jpg
524024,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"A cast copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age axe. The breaks are uneven and show signs of wear, suggesting ancient breaks. This fragment is the curved section of the blade, which is blunt.


This fragment is quite un-daignostic, and so closer dating and classification is difficult.


Axes begin as flat axes at the start of the Bronze Age period and then develop into palstaves and then to  socketed axes. Many axes would have been used as modern axes are used as  a tool for chopping wood and organic materials. Some however have been  described as ingots and as votive offerings. They can be found as single  finds or in vast hoards of bronze Bronze Age objects.


The axe is 35mm long, 25mm wide and 5.mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.24,,,5,35,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Kettering,Weekley,SP8980,From a paper map,52.410773,-0.693005,NARC-565276,,NARC-565276.jpg,NARC-565276: bronze age blade,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-565276.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/399807.jpg
524025,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy chisel of mid-Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The chisel has an offset handle which is rectangular in section and a flared blade, the cutting edge is broken due to an old break.


The blade tapers in thickness from 6.02-3.05mm.

The handle is 6.7mm by 5.5mm.


The metal is a mid green to brown in colour.


Length: 52.49mm

Width: 18.97mm

Thickness: 5.5mm

Weight: 14.8g


Moore and Rowlands, Plate XII, No 67.","The initial records and photographic images were taken at Bishop Burton 2011 Rally. We understand that the images fall below our usual standards, this however is due to the difficult conditions (predominantly the lack of ideal lighting conditions) under which they were taken. The recorder has done what is possible to raise the quality of the images before attaching them to the records.

As these finds were recorded at the Bishop Burton 2011 Rally, the individual recording them onto the PAS Database has not seen them and was not the primary identifier. Therefore for more in-depth, secondary identification, only the paper records written at the Rally and the photographic images were available to assist.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,Bishop Burton 23rd to 25th Sep 2011,14.8,,,5.83,52.49,1,Graham Myres,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bishop Burton,SE9638,,53.829406,-0.542894,YORYM-565484,,bb 762.jpg,Chisel : Bronze Age,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellie/bb 762.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/399809.jpg
524071,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,410,"An unidentified cast copper-alloy object of uncertain date, suggested by the primary identifier to be between Bronze Age and Roman date (1150 BC - AD 410). The object is broadly square in profile with two integrally cast recessed lines running longitudinally, no other decoration is visible.


The metal is a light green in colour.","The initial records and photographic images were taken at Bishop Burton 2011 Rally. We understand that the images fall below our usual standards, this however is due to the difficult conditions (predominantly the lack of ideal lighting conditions) under which they were taken. The recorder has done what is possible to raise the quality of the images before attaching them to the records.

As these finds were recorded at the Bishop Burton 2011 Rally, the individual recording them onto the PAS Database has not seen them and was not the primary identifier. Therefore for more in-depth, secondary identification, only the paper records written at the Rally and the photographic images were available to assist.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,Bishop Burton 23rd to 25th Sep 2011,12.4,,,13.86,17.44,1,Martin Foreman,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bishop Burton,SE9740,,53.84719,-0.527076,YORYM-581E13,,BB 772.jpg,Unidentified object,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellie/BB 772.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/399839.jpg
524094,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"A cast copper-alloy fragment of a socketed axe of Bronze Age date (1500-700 BC). The fragment consists of a sub rectangular, slightly concave side section, with a small amount of blade section remaining.


The metal is a green in colour with a brown patina.


Length: 27.28mm

Width: 39.63mm

Thickness: 9.58mm

Weight: 30.5g","The initial records and photographic images were taken at Bishop Burton 2011 Rally. We understand that the images fall below our usual standards, this however is due to the difficult conditions (predominantly the lack of ideal lighting conditions) under which they were taken. The recorder has done what is possible to raise the quality of the images before attaching them to the records.

As these finds were recorded at the Bishop Burton 2011 Rally, the individual recording them onto the PAS Database has not seen them and was not the primary identifier. Therefore for more in-depth, secondary identification, only the paper records written at the Rally and the photographic images were available to assist.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,Bishop Burton 23rd to 25th Sep 2011,30.5,,,9.58,27.28,1,Graham Myres,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,,SE9638,,53.829406,-0.542894,YORYM-58D0A7,,BB 777.jpg,Axe : Bronze Age,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellie/BB 777.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/399923.jpg
524150,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-700,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy sword of Bronze Age date (2500-700 BC). The fragment is from the blade section of the sword and is sub-rectangular in profile and lanceolate is section.


The metal is a dark brownish green in colour.


Length: 38.0mm

Width: 32.0mm

Thickness: 2.5mm

Weight: 32.2g","The initial records and photographic images were taken at Bishop Burton 2011 Rally. We understand that the images fall below our usual standards, this however is due to the difficult conditions (predominantly the lack of ideal lighting conditions) under which they were taken. The recorder has done what is possible to raise the quality of the images before attaching them to the records.

As these finds were recorded at the Bishop Burton 2011 Rally, the individual recording them onto the PAS Database has not seen them and was not the primary identifier. Therefore for more in-depth, secondary identification, only the paper records written at the Rally and the photographic images were available to assist.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,Bishop Burton 23rd to 25th Sep 2011,32.2,,,2.5,38,1,Kevin Leahy,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,,SE9639,,53.838391,-0.542582,YORYM-680D58,,BB 778.jpg,Sword Fragment : Bronze Age,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellie/BB 778.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/399927.jpg
524698,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a probable Bronze Age palstave. Only part of the butt of the palstave survives. It is trapezoidal in plan and shaped like a serifed capital I in section. It tapers from 4.1mm thick at the broken end to1.68mm at the butt, not including the flanges. The metal is patinated to a green colour all over, and is deeply pitted in common with other poorly preserved Bronze Age objects. Palstaves date from the middle Bronze Age, about 1500 BC - 1150 BC. Compare NLM-10F757 for a similar fragment, but with different patination.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-30T23:00:00Z,2012-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,9.54,,,6.59,20.3,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Barnburgh,SE4901,From finder,53.503418,-1.262723,SWYOR-BDC301,,PAS_1916_17_Bronze_Age.jpg,Bronze Age palstave fragment,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_1916_17_Bronze_Age.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/400195.jpg
525857,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"A worn and very corroded fragment of a Late Bronze Age cast copper-alloy socketed axehead dating to c. 900-700 BC. This artefact consists of the lower portions of the socketed axehead blade, including a worn cutting edge, with only 11.7mm of the socket remaining; all the upper portions including the loop and mouth are missing. The original surfaces of this artefact are largely missing through corrosion, and it has a light green-grey colour.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,53.1,,,11.65,34.6,1,David W Williams,Lucy Ellis,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Burstow,TQ3142,,51.162259,-0.127917,SUR-448ED1,,11-1907.JPG,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucye/11-1907.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/400977.jpg
526817,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"A copper alloy rod-shaped object, possibly a Bronze Age or later awl.  The central cross-section is rectangular, tapering to a blunted point at one end and an oblique point at the other, possibly due to an ancient patinated break.  The object is in very poor, corroded condition, is 37mm long, 5mm wide, 4mm thick and weighs 4.08g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-20T23:00:00Z,,,,4.08,,,4,37,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Hoby with Rotherby,SK6817,,52.746354,-0.994092,LEIC-C2BA12,,CAD2424c.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD2424c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/401731.jpg
527150,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, round-sectioned pointed end and pointed sub-square sectioned tang. Length 51mm. Tang 2.5 x 3mm in section. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-07T23:00:00Z,2012-10-07T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,51,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Grimston,TF7322,,52.767885,0.562826,NMS-0F5EF3,,56910_0F5EF3_BA_Awl.JPG,Bronze Age Awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56910_0F5EF3_BA_Awl.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/404896.jpg
528286,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1900,-1400,The butt end of an Early Bronze Age flanged axe. Only 30.5mm of the butt survives and this is sufficient to retain the ends of the uppermost part of the flanges.  The fragment is in very good condition with smooth surfaces now patinated dark green.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-05-15T23:00:00Z,,,,17.71,,,7.15,30.42,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Epsom and Ewell,EPSOM,TQ2059,From finder,51.317462,-0.27946,SUR-8E82E7,,12-651.JPG,Early Bronze Age: Flanged flat axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/12-651.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/402973.jpg
528357,Armlet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1300,-1100,"An extremely corroded cast copper alloy pennanular armlet of probable middle Bronze Age date (c1300 to 1100BC). The armlet has a diameter of 75mm and weighs 74g. The terminals taper slightly and overlap with each other. The section is approximately D-shaped with flat facets in parts.


The armlet can perhaps be compared with two examples found at Cranleigh, Surrey (Surrey Archaeological Collections vol.86, 1999, pp203-5).


The armlet was apparently found c2010 in a ditch. No further details are known.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Agricultural or drainage work,,,,,74,,74.63,6.04,,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Outwood,TQ3045,From a paper map,51.189448,-0.141126,SUR-90B400,,12-662.JPG,Bronze Age: Armlet,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/12-662.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/403032.jpg
528480,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy single-edged knife, the distal end of the blade, in rather abraded condition. Ancient break. Length >40.5mm. Width 17mm. Thickness 5.3mm. c.1000 - c.800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-09T23:00:00Z,2012-10-09T23:00:00Z,,,,,,5.3,40,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Postwick with Witton,TG2908,Centred on field,52.621437,1.381757,NMS-94E9A4,,57229_94E9A4_BA_Knife.jpg,Bronze Age Knife,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/57229_94E9A4_BA_Knife.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/404935.jpg
528648,Sword,Bronze Age,,,-1000,-700,"A fragment of copper-alloy sword dating to the late Bronze Age (1000 to 700 BC). The fragment comprises part of the blade of the sword; the item is sub-rectangular in plan with a mid rib on both upper and lower surface, its cutting edges taper inwards and would have originally formed a point. In section the blade is lozenge shaped. The surface is worn with some marks. The dimensions of the object are: 33mm length, 19mm width, 4mm thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,4,33,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,South Hams,Holne,SX7069,From finder,50.506324,-3.834632,DEV-A6FA73,,andy barnett bronze age sword frag.jpg,Bronze Age sword,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/andy barnett bronze age sword frag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/414579.jpg
528898,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Small Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave: No loops, butt broken. Both faces with stop ridge, hammered on one face, concave blade expansion, crescentic cutting edge with broken outer angles missing. Length 83mm. Max. width >25.5mm. Thickness at ridge 20mm. Weight 92.42g. Middle Bronze Age, 1600 - 1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-09T23:00:00Z,2012-10-09T23:00:00Z,,,92.42,,,20,83,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Guestwick,TG0627,,52.801204,1.054411,NMS-BB7F04,,56919_BB7F04_BA_Palstave.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56919_BB7F04_BA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/404915.jpg
529107,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Copper alloy spear head fragment. Cast looped socket of a side looped spear head. The loops are long - circa 20mm - and narrow - circa 3.8mm, and projecting circa 3mm from the wall of the socket, and appear entirely separate from the blade (which is lost). The socket is gently tapered, from 17.6mm diameter at the shaft end to 15.5mm diameter towards the blade. The shaft end appears to exhibit signs of a recent break; at the blade end the break appears more weathered, though should still probably be ascribed to relatively recent times. Suggested date: Middle Bronze Age, 1500-1150 BC.



Length: 66.2mm, Diameter: 17.6mm, Thickness of socket wall (clear of loops, at blade end): 2.7mm-1.9mm, Weight: 27.24gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-14T23:00:00Z,,,,27.24,,,2.7,66.2,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Winterton,SE9218,Centred on field,53.650421,-0.609593,NLM-CFD864,,NLM21186a.jpg,Bronze Age side-looped spear head fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM21186a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1115404.jpg
529289,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Cast copper-alloy socketed axehead. A stumpy and possibly miscast axehead with a wide sub-rectangular mouth (circa 29mm x 27mm) with a slightly flared edge of thickness circa 5mm, a loop of length 22mm adjacent to the socket, and with traces of three ribs of length circa 29mm on either side of the blade. Only the central ribs are clearly discernible, the others falling close to the aris between the sides and the upper and lower surfaces. Incompletely cleaned casting flash extends along the underside of the axe, and this is adjacent to a split of length 36mm extending from the mouth of the socket towards the blade, adjacent to the loop. The axe is abraded, most heavily at its cutting edge and socket. Given the possibility that the casting was deficient, this wear should probably not be attributed to use of the axe, and indeed, the primary function of such objects may not have been as tools. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1150-800 BC.



Length: 75.7mm, Width: 43.1mm, Thickness (overall): 36.0mm, Weight: 165.44gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-18T23:00:00Z,,,,165.44,,,36,75.7,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Belton,SE7707,GPS (from the finder),53.55399,-0.839187,NLM-0C6797,,NLM21208a.jpg,Bronze age socketed axe,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM21208a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1115428.jpg
529501,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1000,"A small fragment of a Bronze Age rapier blade, c. 1500-1000 BC.  The fragment consists of a tapering portion of the rapier, with an oval-sectioned central rib and flattened flanges each side. It is broken across two horizontal sections of the blade, as well as a large portion of the side-flanges.  It has an uneven medium green patina with some areas fairly unstable.  The fragment measures 24.4 mm long; 19.7 mm max. width, with a maximum width of the central rib measuring 17.7 mm and the minimum width of the central rib measuring 11.8 mm; it is 8.4 mm thick and weighs 15.21 grams. Similar examples have been recorded previously on the PAS database; cf.: LON-D129F8, KENT-2644F0, YORYM-CFEE95.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-08-12T23:00:00Z,,,,15.21,,,8.4,24.4,1,Stephanie Smith,Stephanie Smith,South East,West Sussex,Mid Sussex,Hassocks,TQ3113,Generated from computer mapping software,50.901624,-0.13839,SUSS-127C01,,SUSS-127C01BARapier.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier Fragment,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS-127C01BARapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/403902.jpg
529607,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, part of mouth and angle between face and side. Length >31mm. Width >25mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-14T23:00:00Z,2012-10-14T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,31,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Postwick with Witton,TG2907,,52.612463,1.381065,NMS-21E844,,30401_21E844_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/30401_21E844_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/405028.jpg
530352,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier blade, both ends broken in antiquity. Length >18mm. Width 16mm. 4mm thick. c.1600-c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-20T23:00:00Z,2012-10-20T23:00:00Z,,,,,,4,18,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Forncett,TM1692,,52.483144,1.179624,NMS-600D35,,31418_600D35_BA_Rapier.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/31418_600D35_BA_Rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/407477.jpg
530671,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A copper-alloy awl of probable Late Bronze Age date.


The widest and thickest part of the artefact is near the centre point, from where it tapers in both directions. One side is of rectangular section and tapers to a wedge-shaped end; the other side is sub-rectangular in section, having slightly convex surfaces, and terminates in a point.


Dimensions: 41.7mm long, 4.8mm wide, 4.4mm thick. Weight: 3.15g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,3.15,,,4.4,41.7,1,Philippa Walton,Julian Watters,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Braughing,TL4126,Generated from computer mapping software,51.91468654,0.04862193,BH-A13FD5,,Awl_12_21_37.jpg,Bronze Age awl,St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/Awl_12_21_37.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/404688.jpg
530709,Lunula,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-2000,"The lunula is in two parts and nearly complete, only missing one of the circular terminals. The object is made of gold and so the precious metal content is more than 10%.



The lunula is semi-circular in plan although both parts have been folded. There is one part which does not have a terminal and it is this section which is less folded making the semi-circular shape more obvious. The widest section of the lunula is where the two pieces have broken apart and then the object tapers towards the terminals. The section which still has a circular terminal is more severely folded and there is a break in the object from the inner edge. The two sides are folded underneath themselves and there is also a folding which creates an acute angle. The lunula then flattens before turning so that the back of the terminal faces forward.



There is a border of five lines which run along the inner and outer edges of the object. From the inner most line there are a series of inwardly radiating lines which create small triangles on the border. As the object tapers towards the terminals there is more detailing which runs across the width of the object. The geometric design is maintained is lateral linear incisions interspersed with near perpendicular lines which create small triangles.



Finds of Bronze Age lunulae are very rare from Britain although they are a slightly more common find in Ireland. Examples from Britain are known from the West of the country, there are three in the National Museum of Scotland (X.FE.1, X.FE.3 and X.FE.4) which are from Western Scotland and one (X.FE.2) which was found in Northern Scotland. These lunulae are similar to this example in their decoration although the lunula from Morayshire (X.FE.2) has more rectangular terminals. There are also several Irish examples in the British Museum such as the Blessington lunula (WG.31) which again show the rounded terminals and the geometric incised decoration.



There is a lunula terminal recorded on the PAS database which is now in the Tullie House Museum in Carlisle (LANCUM-449151). This example has a more rectangular terminal similar to the example in the National Museum of Scotland and again fits the more western distribution of objects of this type. The findspot of the lunula from East Yorkshire is extremely unusual.



Taylor (1970) has created three classes of lunula and this example is likely to be the provincial type similar to one from Wales in the British Museum (1869,0619.1). The provincial type of lunula is made of slightly thicker foil and is narrower than the classical type of which the Blessington lunula is an example.



Curatorial Report for 2012 T811 by Gillian Varndell., British Museum



Description



The greater part of a lunula in two pieces. The more complete (a) has a small, oval terminal which is missing from the other piece (b). The two portions are very crumpled and folded and it is difficult to tell whether any of the central part is missing.



(a): the oval terminal has a slender stem; this is the more damaged portion of the lunula being both crumpled and folded; it is also twisted at the horn tip. Weight: 40.39g.



(b): is less distorted and has a maximum surviving width of c 58mm. The thickness at the edge is c 0.2mm and averages at c 0.55mm centrally. Weight: 36.29g.



The total weight is 76.68g.



The horns are decorated, each bearing a panel of alternate plain and decorated zones of engraved geometric motifs. The edges of the whole are each outlined by five unevenly spaced engraved lines with a row of dentate decoration forming the inmost motif. The five lines reduce to three at the horn and to one at the horn tip.



The decoration of the horns is orientated across the width and comprises single rows of dentate motif (^) alternating with multiple engraved lines (-) and plain zones (P) following this regime: ^-^-^P^-^-^P^-



Identification



Lunulae are flat gold crescentic ornaments with spatulate terminals. According to Needham (2000) they may largely overlap primary Bell Beaker goldwork, c 2400-2000BC.



In Taylor's classification of lunulae (Classical, Unaccomplished and Provincial; Taylor 1970), the Thwing example falls within the Provincial group in terms of width, thickness and decoration. Classical lunulae are found chiefly in Ireland with three from Cornwall and two attributed to Scotland (Eogan 1994); Unaccomplished lunulae are exclusively Irish finds, while Provincial lunulae have been found in the highland zones of Britain and the western area of the European continent. An occurrence in East Yorkshire is thus outside the expected distribution.



As the items are gold and datable to the Early Bronze Age they qualify as Treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act 1996.



References



Eogan, G. 1994. The Accomplished Art: gold and gold-working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age. Oxford Monograph 42.



Needham, S. 2000. 'The Development of Embossed Goldwork in Bronze Age Europe', Antiquaries Journal, 80, 27-66.



Taylor, J. 1980. Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press.



Gillian Varndell. 26.03.2013



Curator, Department of Prehistory and Europe","This object is more than 300 years old and the precious metal content (in this case, gold) is more than 10% therefore this object qualifies as treasure under the 1996 Treasure Act.",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2012-10-27T23:00:00Z,,2012T811,,,,,,,1,Lauren Proctor,Lauren Proctor,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Thwing,TA0670,From a paper map,54.114957,-0.379907,DUR-A24C08,,DUR-A24C08 Lunula Part1.jpg,One part of Gold Lunula,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DUR-A24C08 Lunula Part1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/411632.jpg
530760,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of Middle-Late Bronze Age (c.1100-800 BC) copper alloy blade, measuring 31x27x8mm and weighing 22.55g. The blade is lozenge-shaped in cross-section and tapers in plan. The wings measure circa 4mm in width on both sides. Both ends of the blade are broken and are now rough and pitted. The breaks are mid-green in colour while the surface of the blade is reddish-brown. The sword probably belongs to the Ewart Park Phase.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,22.55,,,8,31,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,South Clifton,SK8471,GPS (from the finder),53.229408,-0.743117,LIN-A3DB57,,LIN2012-980.jpg,Bronze Age sword fragment,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2012-980.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/405067.jpg
530761,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"A fragment from a cast blade, of Middle Bronze Age dating (c. 1250 BC to c. 800 BC).


The blade fragment is sub trapezoidal in plan, and sub rectangular in section. The remains of a circular rivet hole is present at the top of the fragment. The remnants of the original plan surface (concave, narrowing towards the edge) is located along the left hand side of the fragment.


The fragment measures 33.70 mm in length, 34.04 mm wide and 3.10 mm thick. It weighs 12.6 grams.


The fragment is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina.


The shape of the fragment, including the original bladed edge is suggestive that this fragment may have originally been part of a dagger or a rapier. However due to the size of the fragment, this identification is only a possibility.


Comment from Peter Reavill (FLO Herefordshire & Shropshire): One edge has been broken to form a trapezoidal shape  as these things normally have two rivet holes both on the upper edge in the corners. I think from the pictures one is good for the original edge - the other is happenstance and where the second hole should be is lost - or deliberately cut down for an unknown reason - it looks deliberately thinned in section - it may have been cut down to form another object - possibly a razor.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-08T23:00:00Z,,,,12.6,,,3.1,33.7,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Myddle and Broughton,SJ4423,Generated from computer mapping software,52.801635,-2.832069,WMID-A3EDA5,,WMID-A3EDA5.jpg,WMID-A3EDA5: Middle Bronze Age: Dagger / Rapier blade fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-A3EDA5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/404756.jpg
530777,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2250,-1900,"An incomplete cast copper alloy, probable flat axe, of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2250 BC to c. 1900 BC).


The fragment is sub rectangular in plan and section. One end tapers to a point and is sub circular in shape. The edges of the fragment gradually taper outwards and the fragment develops a square cross section. An old break is present across the top of the fragment.


The fragment measures 50.84 mm in length, 25.09 mm wide and has a maximum thickness of 8.38 mm. It weighs 41.0 grams.


The fragment is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of the majority of the original surface and detail. The patina has flaked away in a couple of areas, leaving a lighter green area. These areas should be monitored for signs of active copper corrosion (a bright green powdery residue) occurring. To reduce the risk of this happening, the fragment should be stored in a sealed dry, air tight environment, such as a tupperware box lined with acid free tissue paper and silica gel.


This fragment is probably the butt of a late flat axe something like a type Migdale or Type Alyesford which may or may not have a proto stop ridge or slight raised side flanges, although it may have possibly been developed into a long flanged axehead. These are of Early Bronze Age dating .


Comment from Peter Reavill (FLO Herefordshire & Shropshire): Although incomplete this axe best fits into the final phases of the Migdale metalworking tradition Type: Migdale - decorated variant. However, it does share some of the characteristics (mostly of blade shape) of the Developed Flat Axes specifically variants Falkland and Scrabo Hill. These are dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II / III), of metalworking stage IV-VI, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2-3 circa 2250 - 1900 CAL. BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-06-15T23:00:00Z,,,,41,,,8.38,50.84,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Staffordshire Moorlands,Waterhouses,SK0951,From finder,53.056179,-1.867173,WMID-A44DC1,,WMID-A44DC1.jpg,WMID-A44DC1: Middle Bronze Age: Possible palstave fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-A44DC1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/404766.jpg
530803,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1300,"A cast copper alloy, flanged axe dating from the Middle Bronze age, about 1400 - 1300 BC (Metalwork Stage IX, Needham Period 5). It fits into the Taunton Metalwork assemblage. The sides of the butt expand into two prominent flanges, each a pointed oval shape viewed from the side. The blade expands into a crescent shaped cutting edge, one tip of which has broken off and is missing.  The cutting edge has a blade facet, and rows of hammer marks are visible on the rest of the blade. The point between the butt and the blade (the stop) is the thickest point of the axe, but the change of angle here is very slight and there is no obvious stop ridge; the flanges extend slightly beyond this point. There is a slight ridge or nick across each side face at the end of the flanges. visible in plan view. The butt tapers from 14.85mm thick at the stop , to 3.3mm at the butt. The internal measurement between the flanges is about 17 at the base and 19mm at the top of the flanges. The flange sides are slightly convex, but the blade sides are straight. The axe has a smooth, dark green patina with a few scratches and gouges. It is 124.2mm long, 56.5mm wide and 28.6mm thick. It weighs 396gm. Compare WMID-11DAE0 and LANCUM-B39815 which notes that winged axes are more common in Northern England in the Taunton Metalwork assemblage. There is no visible decoration.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-07-14T23:00:00Z,2012-07-19T23:00:00Z,,,396,,,28.6,142.2,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Bolsover,Elmton,SK5174,Generated from computer mapping software,53.260558,-1.236923,SWYOR-A54EF8,,PAS_1950_axe.jpg,a Bronze Age palstave axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wakefield/PAS_1950_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/404789.jpg
531140,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Unfinished Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead. Some surface cleaning was carried out after removal of the object from the mould, but a high casting seam runs from the mouth to the cutting edge on both sides, the loop is blocked by a thin skin of metal and the cutting edge is unsharpened. Both faces are decorated with five vertical ribs, the central one of which bifurcates before its lower end. The surfaces lacks verdigris and is a deep brown colour indicative of burial in a peaty soil. Length 105mm. Width at cutting edge 49.5mm. Mouth 37.5 x 36mm externally. Weight 210g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Agricultural or drainage work,1992-01-01T00:00:00Z,1992-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,211,,,,105,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bawburgh,TG1608,From a paper map,52.62676,1.190032,NMS-CE2595,,56962_CE2595_LBA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56962_CE2595_LBA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/417451.jpg
531342,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
A late Bronze Age axe of plain Southeastern type. The loop and collar are missing and the casting seams are filed smooth. The socket extends below a constriction into a void which fills the interior of the blade. This has resulted in distortion of the blade, which has split across its width, leaving one side of the blade bending outwards. The void within the blade appears to be a casting accident when, perhaps, part of the central core dislodged during casting. A similar feature was noted on a socketed axe found in a hoard of axes at Woodcote, south London.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,92,,,27.16,67.7,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Crowmarsh,SU6185,From a paper map,51.56059,-1.121444,SUR-E2B937,,B12-465.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B12-465.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/406100.jpg
531344,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
A fragment of the blade of a late Bronze Age socketed axe. What survives is a corner of the blade, broken diagonally, with the extremity of the base of the socket.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,26.6,,,14.31,27.07,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Crowmarsh,SU6286,From a paper map,51.569472,-1.106844,SUR-E2D0C3,,B12-466.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B12-466.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/406102.jpg
531994,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Copper alloy spearhead fragment. Cast tip of a spear with a prominent mid rib of angular rhomboid section. Although displaying some green corrosion product the break appears relatively fresh. Suggested date: Middle Bronze Age, 1500-1150 BC.



Length: 39.4mm, Width: 16.6mm, Thickness (at mid rib): 7.4mm, Weight: 9.58gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-12T00:00:00Z,,,,9.58,,,7.4,39.4,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9217,From finder,53.641435,-0.609888,NLM-39B773,,NLM21438a.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM21438a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1116432.jpg
532438,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1150-800 BC).  The remains of the axehead consists of a portion of the double-ribbed socket-end, remains of the loop and a portion of the body; the fragment is less than a half of the original object.  The metal is of an even dark green patina with some reddish-brown areas on the interior and a small casting bubble.  The fragment measures 47.1 mm long, 32 mm wide (socket-end), with a maximum thickness of 6.1 mm at the loop; it weighs 37.6 grams.","
Finder mentions that this object may have become exposed on the beachfront during a re-grating of the shingle by a bulldozer.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,37.6,,,6.1,47.1,1,Stephanie Smith,Stephanie Smith,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Climping,TQ0100,From a paper map,50.79078,-0.568444,SUSS-602052,,SUSS-602052SocketedAxeheadFrag.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS-602052SocketedAxeheadFrag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/406995.jpg
532497,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axe fragment, probably dating to c. 1500-1100. The fragment is highly abraded and comprises of the butt end of the palstave, broken prior to the stop ridge. The fragment is rectangular in plan and triangular in profile, the flanges creating an ""I"" shaped cross-section and defining a rectangular septum.","
This record was initially left unfinished and has been updated and promoted so that it can be of use to researchers. It falls below our current standards for recording and identification.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-08-15T23:00:00Z,2012-11-28T00:00:00Z,,,,,,12,145,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,North Devon,Tawstock,SS5824,Centred on field,50.997823,-4.024976,DEV-618BF7,,DEV618BF7.jpg,Bronze Age axe fragment,Danielle Wootton,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV618BF7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/537161.jpg
532607,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, most of the round-sectioned blade missing. The tang is of rectangular cross-section and tapers to a wedge-like terminal. Length more than 58mm. Width / diameter at junction of blade and tang 6.5mm. Weight 9.68g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-07T23:00:00Z,2012-10-07T23:00:00Z,,,9.68,,,,58,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,West Acre,TF7715,From a paper map,52.703729,0.618277,NMS-62E341,,31165_62E341_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Awl (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/31165_62E341_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/438179.jpg
532871,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, side-loop and a small part of the mouth and side. The breaks are ancient but there is some recent scuffing. Extant length and width 41.5 and 18.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-07T23:00:00Z,2012-10-07T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,41.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7105,Centred on field,52.615846,0.524387,NMS-7657F3,,20392_7657F3_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/20392_7657F3_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/416271.jpg
532896,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1500,"Incomplete Early Bronze Age flat axehead. Butt end missing, narrow, rectangular-sectioned body expanding sharply for crescentic cutting edge. Surface pitted and corroded, particularly at blade. Survivng width of cutting edge 38mm. Surviving length 40mm. Body 20 x 8mm at break.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-07-08T23:00:00Z,2012-07-08T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,40,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Stody,TG0535,From finder,52.873398,1.044622,NMS-76C268,,57933_76C268_EBA_axehead.jpg,Early Bronze Age axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/57933_76C268_EBA_axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/406525.jpg
533337,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"
A fragment of a cast copper alloy sword, probably of late Bronze Age date. The fragment is very worn and the blade edges are missing; it is now rounded in section and with no angle changes on the blade.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-06-26T23:00:00Z,,,,33.97,,,7.94,36.17,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Epsom and Ewell,EPSOM,TQ2059,GPS (from the finder),51.317462,-0.27946,SUR-CCE7E0,,DSCN7912.JPG,Late iron age: Sword,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/DSCN7912.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/406932.jpg
533884,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1000,"Fragment of butt end of copper alloy Middle or Late Bronze Age flanged or palstave axe head. Rectangular-sectioned with straight side flanges expanding to ancient, irregular break. Slight casting seams visible. Surviving length 39mm. Maximum surviving width 24mm. Maximum surviving thickness 18mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-12T23:00:00Z,2012-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,,,,18,39,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Scoulton,TF9701,Centred on field,52.571134,0.905549,NMS-F540B7,,56909_F540B7_BA_Palstave_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56909_F540B7_BA_Palstave_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/417518.jpg
533896,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,The corroded butt end of a cast copper alloy palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. The fragment measures 29.60mm in length and 18.57mm in width and displays prominent side ridges.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-08-04T23:00:00Z,,,,18.55,,,13.4,29.6,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Ropley,SU6533,From finder,51.092636,-1.07322,SUR-F578A6,,12-879.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/12-879.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/407476.jpg
534314,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,Incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age two-edged knife in abraded condition and with both the butt of the tang and the lower blade missing. Length more than 47mm. Width 28.5mm. Thickness 3mm. Weight 11.77g. c.1300 - c. 800 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-12T23:00:00Z,2012-10-27T23:00:00Z,,,11.77,,,3,47,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Ashby St. Mary,TG3201,GPS (from the finder),52.557348,1.421093,NMS-1B68D5,,56960_1B68D5_BA_Knife_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Knife (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56960_1B68D5_BA_Knife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/410531.jpg
534413,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"A probable Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unidentified object, 'moustache-shaped' and in rather worn condition, with both of the lower tips damaged. Central hollow in base, transverse median groove around the top and a perforation in the centre of the upper face. There are multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper face on both sides of the moustache (the upper face on one side partly worn) and plain constrictions at points. Height 20mm. Width 30mm. Thickness 13mm. Weight 13.89g. The date of this enigmatic object is uncertain. Examples occurred in the Salisbury Hoard, which contained Bronze Age material but was buried in the Iron Age (Stead 1998). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (see entry for HAMP-C04CC3). Other Norfolk examples have been found in Gayton (HER 16121), Barton Bendish (HER 17600), Methwold (HER 5235), Runcton Holme (HER 33872), Shernborne (HER 24431), Shouldham Thorpe (HER 39265), Snettisham (HER 24432), Swaffham (HER 29208), see Rogerson and Ashley (2009), 556-7, figs.1-3.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-14T00:00:00Z,2012-11-14T00:00:00Z,,,,20,,13,,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Attleborough,TM0396,,52.524042,0.990902,NMS-1F5E55,,56965_1F5E55_BA_IdentifiedObject.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Unidentified Object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56965_1F5E55_BA_IdentifiedObject.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/411648.jpg
534595,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, part of mouth with probable stump of casting jet, face and one side with casting seam. Faint traces of vertical ribs on the surviving face. The edges have been broken in antiquity. Surviving length 41mm. Surviving width 32mm. c.1000 - c.800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-14T00:00:00Z,2012-11-14T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,41,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Bintree,TG0223,,52.766806,0.992697,NMS-5DD495,,54961_5DD495_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/54961_5DD495_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/410536.jpg
534895,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Fragment of butt end of probable Middle Bronze Age palstave or flanged axehead. Rectangular-sectioned, thickening slightly to transverse break, parallel sides, the flanges damaged and incomplete. Surviving width 25mm. Surviving length 20mm. Surviving maximum thickness 8mm. Breaks ancient and worn.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-12T23:00:00Z,2012-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,,,,8,20,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Scoulton,TF9701,Centred on field,52.571134,0.905549,NMS-73FE82,,,,,,,
534905,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2350,1500,"Copper alloy casting jet. Oval, with two runners. Bronze Age to Medieval. 26 x 9 x 18mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-12T23:00:00Z,2012-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,,,,9,18,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Scoulton,TF9701,Centred on field,52.571134,0.905549,NMS-742D25,,,,,,,
535022,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-700,"
A casting well and two diagonal jets from casting a copper alloy object. The object is probably of Bronze Age date to judge from the patina and corrosion.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-08-03T23:00:00Z,,,,16.8,,,13,32.89,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Urchfont,SU0557,GPS (from the finder),51.312092,-1.929649,SUR-763CD5,,12-903.JPG,Bronze Age: metalworking debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/12-903.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/408428.jpg
535308,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2350,1500,"
Undated copper alloy casting jet. Oval with one runner. 
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-12T23:00:00Z,2012-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Scoulton,TF9701,Centred on field,52.571134,0.905549,NMS-8AE941,,,,,,,
535585,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1000,700,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe, cutting edge and part of socket. Ancient break. Width 43mm. Thickness 14mm. Surviving length 28mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-19T00:00:00Z,2012-11-19T00:00:00Z,,,,,,14,28,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Postwick with Witton,TG2907,,52.612463,1.381065,NMS-9FBF48,,30401_9FBF48_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/30401_9FBF48_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413734.jpg
535970,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"A probable Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unidentified object, 'moustache-shaped' with one of the lower tips damaged. Central hollow in base, transverse median groove around the top. There are multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper face on both sides of the moustache, the tapering lower parts plain. Height 27mm. Surviving width 39mm. Thickness 10.5mm. Weight 16.98g. The date of this enigmatic object is uncertain. Examples occurred in the Salisbury Hoard, which contained Bronze Age material but was buried in the Iron Age (Stead 1998). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (see entry for HAMP-C04CC3). Other Norfolk examples have been found in Attleborough (HER 56965, NMS-IF5E55), Barton Bendish (HER 17600), Gayton (HER 16121), Methwold (HER 5235), Runcton Holme (HER 33872), Shernborne (HER 24431), Shouldham Thorpe (HER 39265), Snettisham (HER 24432), Swaffham (HER 29208), see Rogerson and Ashley (2009), 556-7, figs.1-3.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-21T00:00:00Z,2012-11-21T00:00:00Z,,,16.98,27,,10.5,,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Scole,TM1778,,52.357083,1.185249,NMS-F2BA41,,56147_F2BA41_MBA_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Unidentified Object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56147_F2BA41_MBA_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413253.jpg
536071,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spearhead, with two peg-holes in the socket. The tip, parts of the mouth of the socket and most of the cutting edges are missing. The damage is not ancient. Length more than 135mm. Width more than 36.5mm. Weight 78.73g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-30T23:00:00Z,2012-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,78.73,,,,135,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Shelfanger,TM0885,Centred on field,52.42341,1.057634,NMS-03E2E7,,56981_03E2E7_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Spear (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56981_03E2E7_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413288.jpg
536448,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-700,"An incomplete copper-alloy ring, probably of late Bronze Age date, c.1100-700 BC.


The object is sub-circular in section with a gentle curve to it. It is undecorated.","The presumed date of late Bronze Age for the ring is due to the discovery of a scattered hoard in the same field (NCL-2E4872/2010 T442), which also contained incomplete copper-alloy rings. This piece does not match any of the existing rings, though the size and patina is consistent.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-07-31T23:00:00Z,2012-09-20T23:00:00Z,,,7,,,4.84,48.37,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Stannington,NZ1975,Generated from computer mapping software,55.069107,-1.704012,NCL-1F12D2,,NCL-1F12D2.JPG,NCL-1F12D2: Bronze Age ring fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-1F12D2.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/409530.jpg
536520,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,A fragment comprising the blade and lower part of a plain but worn socketed axe of the late Bronze Age (Type Meldreth).  The edges are rounded and the surfaces are abraded and pitted. The socket extends for 18mm.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,13.72,50.34,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Bracknell Forest,Bracknell Forest,Warfield,SU8871,From finder,51.43118,-0.735531,SUR-2FE4D6,,B12-535a.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Birmingham City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B12-535a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/410284.jpg
536577,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,"A long and slender cast copper alloy chisel, probably of late Bronze Age date. The chisel measures 113.07mm in length and has a spatulate end which projects from a square section. The tang itself has a circular section and ends in a point. Much of the green surface patina appears to have been removed post-discovery.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.2,,,5.62,113.07,1,Dot Boughton,David W Williams,South East,Wokingham,Wokingham,Swallowfield,SU7263,From finder,51.361514,-0.967263,SUR-31B0D4,,B12-542.JPG,Bronze Age: Chisel,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B12-542.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/410383.jpg
537159,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A cast copper alloy flanged axe with continuous raised flanges and stop-ridge central rib. The axe dates to the Middle Bronze Age (1500 to 1150 BC) and weighs 165 g and is 119 mm long.



The blade of the axe is sub-triangular in plan with convex expanding sides and a convex cutting edge. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section before the stop ridge. Beneath the stop ridge there is a tapering central rib. This rib extends approximately half way down the length of the blade and terminates in a rounded point.



The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt is rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in profile with the widest part behind the stop ridge.



The surface of the axehead is quite corroded and is mostly mid-brown in colour with areas of green.","
This record was created using photographs and information kindly provided by the finder.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,165,,,,119,1,Lauren Proctor,Lauren Proctor,North East,Darlington,Darlington,Middleton St. George,NZ3214,From finder,54.520289,-1.507159,DUR-157B50,,DUR-157B50 Middle Bronze Age Palstave Axe.jpg,Copper alloy Middle Bronze Age palstave ,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DUR-157B50 Middle Bronze Age Palstave Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/418275.jpg
537247,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"
The side loop from a Late Bronze Age socketed axe. The loop is oval in section.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.38,,,5,20.6,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Wendover,SP8807,GPS (from the finder),51.754788,-0.726514,SUR-2B9811,,12-1074.JPG,Late bronze age: Axehead,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/12-1074.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/412525.jpg
537337,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A complete but damaged copper alloy razor of Bronze Age date. The blade of the razor is leaf-shaped with narrowed sides forming the cutting edges. A tapering triangular raised central rib is present on both sides of the razor extending from the tang to the point of the blade. The tang itself is rectangular and thin terminating in a flared, fan shape. The razor is bent over roughly half way along its length with a wide break.

The metal has a mid blackish-green patina and is worn. The razor is 46.2mm long (bent), 27.2mm wide, 3.2mm thick and weighs 16.9g.

Similar examples have been recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database as WAW-878535, DENO-BB1BD6 and NCL-E94708.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.9,,,3.2,46.2,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Routh,TA1043,From a paper map,53.871555,-0.328488,YORYM-4525A3,,DRH003.jpg,Bronze Age : Razor,York Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/DRH003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/410112.jpg
537861,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"Biconical gold bead: sheet bead of biconical profile and annular form, probably cast. The wall is of constant thickness and slightly rough inner face. No join is visible to the naked eye. Weight: 0.74g; Diameter: 10.5mm; Internal diameter: 5mm; Width: 6.5mm","The gold bead is likely to date to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1100 BC) based on several close comparanda. The three biconical gold beads from the Burton, Wrexham, hoard are similar in form, size and weight to the Salthouse bead (PAS-5B1745; Gwilt et al. in Barton 2011). The Burton hoard comprised of several typo-chronologically distinctive artefacts (including bronze palstaves) that allow it to be dated to c.1300-1150 BC (Ibid.). The bead is also similar to those from Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire and Harlow, Essex, the former from a stratified Middle Bronze Age context (Varndell 2000, 12, no.1; 2005/6, 17, 270, no.6), and Buriton, Hampshire (HAMP-72E451).



Middle Bronze Age gold beads are a relatively rare find (Murgia et al. forthcoming) and can be contextualised with reference to the so-called 'ornament horizon(s)', which see a proliferation of bronze and gold ornaments in Southern England and Britain (respectively) during the period c.1400-1100 BC (Smith 1959; Roberts 2007).



The age and precious metal content of this item qualify it as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2012-12-12T00:00:00Z,2012-12-12T00:00:00Z,2013T20,,0.74,,10.5,,6.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Salthouse,TG0843,Centred on field,52.944057,1.094245,NMS-AEC678,,44081_AEC678_BA_Bead.jpg,Bronze Age bead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/44081_AEC678_BA_Bead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/410898.jpg
538188,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-801,"
An incomplete  Late Bronze Age socketed axehead.



The surviving piece represents the lower two thirds of the blade. One of the two widest faces is significantly damaged, revealing the hollow interior. The sides flare slightly, towards the bottom, where there is a rounded cutting edge.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,57,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,Teignbridge,Newton Abbot,SX8471,From finder,50.52724625,-3.63791558,DEV-D63087,,DEVD63087.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead (incomplete),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEVD63087.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/537135.jpg
538271,Palstave,Bronze Age,,,,,"The blade of a Bronze Age palstave, broken at the stop-ridge. It has a single, central midrib and the sides flare out slightly towards the gently curved blade. Much of the original surface has been lost, although one side is in better condition than the other. It is not possible to say whether it ever had a loop. Colour is various shades of green (Spencer, J, 2012)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-04-15T23:00:00Z,,,,129.4,,,24.5,67.5,1,Jeff Spencer,Sophie Watson,Wales,Powys,Powys,Llanyre,SO0360,,52.229626,-3.421645,CPAT-D84B66,,3449-0008.JPG,Llanyre Palstave,The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jspencer/3449-0008.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/411018.jpg
538475,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A fragment of a spearhead of middle Bronze Age date, about 1550-1250 BC. The fragment is part of a string looped spearhead which is sub-triangular in plan with a hollow conical section, probably corresponding with Davis Group 6. Only a small portion of the socketed body survives and is extremely worn with the blade and socket proper being lost.

The metal has a mid brownish-green patina and is worn. The spear is 60.7mm long, 20mm wide, 12.2mm thick and weighs 23.8g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.8,,,12.2,60.7,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Warthill,SE6757,GPS (from the finder),54.004688,-0.979261,YORYM-EE39D1,,TMY0017.jpg,Bronze Age : Spearhead,York Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/TMY0017.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/412300.jpg
538621,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,400,"A worn fragment of copper-alloy casting waste of probable Bronze Age to Roman date (c. 1500 BC - AD 410). This object is oval in plan and sub-triangular in section, with one side tapering moderately and the other more gently from the centre of the upper surface. Along the upper surface of this artefact are the remains of a single casting jet or runner, which runs the length of the object and is rectangular in plan; it is also heavily abraded which has resulted in the loss of the complete form of the jet. The underside of this fragment is slightly convex and heavily worn, with the sides of this artefact rounded through abrasion. It has a light-mid green colour overall. The casting waste measures: 38.2mm length, 20.8 mm width and 10.8mm in thickness, with the casting runner 9.23mm wide, c.1.5mm high and set slightly off-centre. It weighs 22.41 grams.


Casting waste is very hard to date in isolation but the patina and form might suggest a Bronze Age - Roman date. The survival of casting waste is also relatively rare as it is usually recycled swiftly as a bi-product of casting.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-03-31T23:00:00Z,2011-04-29T23:00:00Z,,,22.41,,,10.8,27.7,1,Peter Reavill,Lucy Ellis,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Ropley,SU6432,GPS (from the finder),51.083757,-1.087674,HAMP-0171D2,,HAMP-0171D2castingwaste.jpg,Probable Bronze Age Casting Waste,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ljellis/HAMP-0171D2castingwaste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/411563.jpg
538647,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,Fragment of Late Bronze Age sword of 'Ewart Park' type: hafting plate with two rivet holes and adjacent part of blade . Ancient breaks across blade and grip. Surviving length 109mm. Width 48mm. 9mm thick. Weighs 133.8g. c.1000 - c.800 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-12-10T00:00:00Z,2012-12-10T00:00:00Z,,,,,,9,109,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7010,,52.661065,0.512204,NMS-025B42,,50017_025B42_LBA_Sword.jpg,Late Bronze Age Sword,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/50017_025B42_LBA_Sword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413211.jpg
538804,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A cast copper-alloy fragment consisting of the blade-end of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead (1150-800 BC).  The blade-end has a flared edge; the socketed interior of the axehead is visible down into this fragment, with a sub-rectangular aperture running parallel with the edge of the blade.  A portion of the rest of the axehead seems to have fallen into this opening, however as it has corroded into place, it is uncertain what portion of the axehead these fragments originate from.  The surface condition of the axehead is poor, with areas of brownish-green patination interspersed with areas suffering from bronze disease and areas of intermittent condition.  It measures 41.3 mm long, approximately 47 mm wide at blade-end, with a 14.4 mm maximum thickness; the fragment weighs 65.2 grams.  For similar types of socketed axeheads, cf. Savory 1980, p. 172, fig. 24, esp. nos. 184-200.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,65.2,,,14.4,41.3,1,Stephanie Smith,Sarah Hoile,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Oving,SU9204,From a paper map,50.82823717,-0.69509167,PUBLIC-3FEA72,,PUBLIC-3FEA72LBAAxehead.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead Fragment,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/PUBLIC-3FEA72LBAAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/412196.jpg
539586,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1500,"Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axehead. Curved cutting edge, slightly concave sides, straight butt. Both faces convex longitudonally, tapering from the centre towards the blade and butt. Length 74mm. Cutting edge 45mm. Maximum thickness 11mm.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-23T23:00:00Z,2012-11-28T00:00:00Z,,,,,,11,74,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Garvestone,TG0408,Generated from computer mapping software,52.631398,1.013003,NMS-7FFB82,,56902_7FFB82_EBA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,Early Bronze Age Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56902_7FFB82_EBA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413724.jpg
539607,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,800,"Bronze age copper alloy axe head fragment,, probably from a palstave axe, 44mm long, 30mm wide and 19mm thick. The object is in poor condition and weighs 65.18grams. It consists of a sub rectangular shaped, triangular sectioned fragment which forms most of a blade. The damaged edge reveals a mostly solid interior with a sub triangular recess at the butt end.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,65.18,,,19,44,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Broughton and Old Dalby,SK6925,Generated from computer mapping software,52.818132,-0.977597,LEIC-807154,,807154.jpg,Bronze Age axe fragment?,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/807154.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/412448.jpg
540017,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, the complete cutting edge and the end of the socket, in sharp and fresh condition, casting seam on sides, iron staining on surfaces. The break is granular and unabraded. Width 48mm. Length more than 31mm. Thickness 14.5mm. Weight 42g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-30T23:00:00Z,2012-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,14.5,31,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Great Ellingham,TM0196,Centred on field,52.524783,0.961464,NMS-A7A8B7,,56891_A7A8B7_LBA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56891_A7A8B7_LBA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/417517.jpg
540051,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, slightly bent towards one end. The cross-section is round except for a short, almost square length near the centre, and tapers to a point at both ends. There is very little difference between the halves and it remains possible that this a double-ended and non-hafted tool designed to be held by hand at the centre. Length 92.5mm. Maximum width 5.5mm. Weight 8.33g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-30T23:00:00Z,2012-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,8.33,,,,92.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wicklewood,TG0801,Centred on field,52.567043,1.067622,NMS-ACEA64,,56987_ACEA64_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Awl (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56987_ACEA64_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413294.jpg
540328,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy sword blade, both ends broken in antiquity. The cross-section is pointed ovoid, slightly flattened in the centre of both faces. The cutting edges are worn. Length more than 20mm. Width 29.5mm. Thickness 5.7mm. Weigth 12g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-30T23:00:00Z,2012-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,12,,,5.7,20,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bracon Ash,TM1699,Centred on field,52.545977,1.184167,NMS-D753E1,,56990_D753E1_LBA_Sword.jpg,Late Bronze Age Sword (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56990_D753E1_LBA_Sword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413704.jpg
541069,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot, probably originally circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this fragment is square in plan and more rectangular in section and profile, as it likely comes from the centre of the original ingot. The surface of the ingot fragment is quite pitted and corroded, and generally light to dark green in colour, depending on how active the corrosion is, with patches of coppery red. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards dating from the Late Bronze Age (c.1150-700 BC), most recently in a hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), the neighbouring parish, which was found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.


Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular sections from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, PLate 36, No.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork, and an ingot fragment with similar dimensions from Churston Ferrers, Torbay on page 457, Plate 40, No.306b, which was found with a larger plano-convex ingot.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-10T00:00:00Z,2013-01-10T00:00:00Z,,,289.7,25.4,,25.4,60,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Sennen,SW3726,GPS (from the finder),50.075799,-5.677208,CORN-131C45,,Jan13finds47.JPG,ingot fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Jan13finds47.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413236.jpg
541239,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1500,"Small Early Bronze Age flanged axehead, with some non-recent damage to the butt and the cutting edge. There is widespread blotchy bronze disease on both faces. Similar to an example from Colkirk, Norfolk (HER 37128, NMS-1739C5). Length 84.5mm. Width 37mm. Thickness 8.5mm. Weight 66.05g. c.1800 - c.1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-30T23:00:00Z,2012-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,66.05,,,8.5,84.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Swannington,TG1317,Centred on field,52.708729,1.151591,NMS-166B84,,52871_166B84_BA_FlangedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Flanged Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/52871_166B84_BA_FlangedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413699.jpg
541492,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A tang with a rectangular section, probably from a Late Bronze Age copper alloy chisel.


Similar to:DOR-F18347 or BERK-52E8CA",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-07-22T23:00:00Z,,,,14.3,,,6.87,56.69,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Eastleigh,Bursledon,SU4910,GPS (from the finder),50.887417,-1.304764,SUR-435CC1,,12-1129.JPG,Bronze Age: Chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/12-1129.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/414954.jpg
541498,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-600,"A worn Late Bronze Age sword scabbard chape with a prominent rounded midrib.  The chape is narrow and tapering and both ends are missing.  The weight of 15.67g includes black material, possibly charcoal or burnt clay from casting, which fills the central hollow.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.67,,,9.94,62.14,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,East Garston,SU3680,GPS (from the finder),51.51778,-1.482568,SUR-43E3A2,,12-1134.JPG,Late bronze age: Chape,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/12-1134.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413846.jpg
541514,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-600,"
The corner of a blade from a Late Bronze Age copper alloy possible socketed axe.  The casting seam is visible.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.61,,,7.44,23.67,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Froxfield,SU6726,GPS (from the finder),51.02947,-1.045959,SUR-538DB1,,12-1143.JPG,Late bronze age: Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/12-1143.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413855.jpg
541682,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1700,"


A large fragment of an Early to Middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged axe comprising the blade and part of the body. The flaring blade with a wide crescentic edge is in good condition and remains sharp.  The axe is pitted and the casting seams have been removed.


The wide crescentic edge is typical of the Arreton developed axes and the  crispness of the flanges would suggest that they are cast rather than  raised with a hammer.


",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,11.03,42.13,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,Horley,TQ2844,GPS (from the finder),51.180912,-0.170085,SUR-6A34E2,,12-1179.JPG,Bronze age: Flanged flat axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/12-1179.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/415339.jpg
541855,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, distal end of socket and proximal end of blade, both ends broken, part of blade missing. The median rib is of lozengiform cross-section. All the breaks and the distortion are very recent. Length more than 49mm. Width c.32mm. Thickness 10mm. Weight 20.4g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-08-19T23:00:00Z,2012-10-15T23:00:00Z,,,20.4,,,10,49,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Southrepps,TG2737,From a paper map,52.882524,1.372323,NMS-7B3065,,56926_7B3065_MBA_Spear_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Spear,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56926_7B3065_MBA_Spear_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413786.jpg
541900,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,"A worn fragment of a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date  (about 1100-800 BC). The fragment consists of the lower blade and cutting  edge. The fragment is broadly rectangular in plan; triangular in profile and has an irregular sub-rectangular cross section. The cutting edge is curved and had slightly projecting tips. The casting seam is visible on the sides of the axe, but have been trimmed and flattened. The socket is 16.54mm deep, while the whole fragment is 35.8mm long. In profile the socket is V shaped. The axe has a smooth brown patina with much damage, and is light green but stable where damaged. The breaks are worn and patinated.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-08-31T23:00:00Z,2012-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,45.55,,,14.56,35.8,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Bilton-in-Ainsty with Bickerton,SE4651,Generated from computer mapping software,53.953058,-1.300532,SWYOR-7C54E2,,PAS_2017_axe.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2017_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/413736.jpg
542696,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-600,"
A Bronze Age copper alloy blade, possible from a tanged knife.  The blade is triangular in section and has an indication of a shoulder.  Striations suggest that it had a bevelled edge.  There is also the suggestion of a handle where the lengthwise striations stop abruptly.  There is pitting and corrosion on the blade but much of the dark green surface survives.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.58,,,2.94,62.12,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Amport,SU2942,From a paper map,51.176506,-1.586531,SUR-D3C182,,12-1242.JPG,Bronze age: Knife blade,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/12-1242.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/417859.jpg
542707,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-600,"A copper alloy blade fragment from a sword of probably Late Bronze Age date, c1150-700BC.  The blade has a slight bend in its profile. In section the blade edges are bevelled.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.09,,,7.91,30.63,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Kent,Thanet,Monkton,TR2765,GPS (from the finder),51.338742,1.257708,SUR-D441E7,,12-1251.JPG,Bronze age: Sword,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/12-1251.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/418967.jpg
542853,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-1800,"A complete but heavily corroded cast copper alloy flanged axehead of early Bronze Age date. The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan with a narrow and thin rounded butt end which extends to a curved cutting edge with splayed blade. Raised flanges are present along the edges of both sides of the axehead each showing signs of heavily wear. No casting flashes are visible though this may be due to the advance nature of the corrosion.

The metal has a mid brownish-green colour and is worn. The axehead is 112.1mm long, 50.2mm wide at the blade, 21.9mm wide at the butt end, 18.1mm thick and weighs 233g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,233,,,18.1,112.1,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,York,York,Dunnington,SE6751,From a paper map,53.95077,-0.980578,YORYM-F9C7A6,,DD0004a.jpg,Bronze Age : Flanged Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/DD0004a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/414867.jpg
542864,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy side-looped spearhead, tip and parts of edges of blade and most of the mouth of the socket missing, with ancient breaks. The central part of the blade is lozengiform in cross-section, but on both faces the median arris does not extend past the top of the side-loops, the remainder of the socket being round externally. The outside faces of the side-loops are pointed oval and the apertures are ovoid. Length more than 101mm. Width more than 22mm. Thickness 18.5mm. Weight 49.98g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1968-03-31T23:00:00Z,2013-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,18.5,101,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Gimingham,TG2936,Generated from computer mapping software,52.872703,1.401288,NMS-F9F2A7,,58327_F9F2A7_BA_Spear.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Spear,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58327_F9F2A7_BA_Spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/420235.jpg
543245,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"A cast copper-alloy unlooped long flanged axehead, damaged and dating to the middle Bronze Age, c. 1600-1400 BC.



The axe is complete, but the edges of the flanges, butt, and blade are damaged with missing nicks and bending between the nicks. The blade flares slightly from the flanges and a very worn stop-ridge, with a crescentic edge at its end. The butt is rounded in profile. In plan view, the flanges are lozengiform, and the axe is probably related to the shield-pattern early types of Long flanged axhead dating from either Acton Park I or II industrial phases of metalwork.



Note the object has been mounted in a homemade display case and could not be removed; all measurements are approximate.",This record has been reclassified and dated by Peter Reavill (4/5/21) based on notes from Bronze Age specialist Dr Brendan O'Connor.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,2012-12-04T00:00:00Z,,,,34,,0.58,111,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Pegswood,NZ2286,From finder,55.167828,-1.656188,NCL-107462,,NCL-107462.JPG,NCL-107462: Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-107462.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/414736.jpg
543911,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-750,"A fragment of Late Bronze Age tanged chisel, dating to the Ewart Park phase, c.900-750 BC. It is missing its tang above its collar. It measures 43.26x28.31x10.47mm and weighs 24.93g.

The collar is sub-rectangular in cross-section (11.28x10.36mm) with rounded corners and c.5mm high. To one side projects a very worn stump, the remains of the tang, measuring 6.96x6.15mm. Below is an oval-sectioned neck, expanding from 7.68x6.19mm to 9.01x6.04mm, where it extends into an expanding bell-shaped chisel-end. The nearest (top) edge of this is curved, as in the curved top of a bell, and is slightly thicker than the neck above (6.40mm max.thickness). This narrows to 1.37mm thick at the cutting edge. In shape, the sides curve gently outwards then inwards, with the cutting edge itself flaring outwards again at the very end. The actual edge has a slight curve though is mostly straight.

The object has a smooth blue-green patina with some light surface scratches. Its bell-shaped chisel-end is very similar to WILT-846EE0 from Cricklade, North Wiltshire.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-06-30T23:00:00Z,2012-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,24.93,,,10.47,43.26,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Corhampton and Meonstoke,SU6120,Centred on parish,50.97618978,-1.13251423,HAMP-3CDA23,,HAMP-3CDA23.jpg,Late Bronze Age tanged chisel,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-3CDA23.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/415161.jpg
543966,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1050,"A fragment of probable Middle Bronze Age (1500-1050 BC) spearhead, consisting of part of the blade. The fragment measures 19.80x14.70x5.79mm and weighs 4.30g. It is curving in profile, as though bent.


The blade has a pronounced mid-rib (5.79mm diameter) with narrowing triangular-profile blade (c.0.7mm thick min.) to either side, the edges of which are damaged. The end of the socket is visible as an off-centre hole in the break at the wider end, 1.31mm diameter and 0.40mm deep. The narrowness of the tip suggests a very pointed type such as Class IIIa or Rapier Type Class IVa, therefore it is likely to be Middle Bronze Age in date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-07-31T23:00:00Z,2012-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,4.3,,,5.79,19.8,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Corhampton and Meonstoke,SU6120,Centred on parish,50.97618978,-1.13251423,HAMP-3DBE53,,HAMP-3DBE53.jpg,Middle Bronze Age spear,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-3DBE53.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/415198.jpg
544283,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Fragment of probable Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged knife, handle broken at both ends (across the remains of rivet-hole at one end), sides with slight bordering grooves on both faces. Surviving length 19mm. Width 16mm. c. 1100 to c. 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Chance find during metal detecting,2013-01-09T00:00:00Z,2013-01-09T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,19,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TG1300,,52.556134,1.140636,NMS-8D66F7,,57220_8D66F7_LBA_Knife_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Knife (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/57220_8D66F7_LBA_Knife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/417513.jpg
544428,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-700,"
A copper alloy casting well with two runners. This is probably of Bronze Age date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,Weekend Wanderers - Letcombe Bassett 2012,37.81,,,31.47,28.63,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Bassett,SU3686,GPS (from the finder),51.571726,-1.481956,SUR-92C393,,12-1316.JPG,Bronze age: Metal working debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/12-1316.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/420655.jpg
544511,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2350 BC to c. 2050 BC).



The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. In cross section the axe is D shaped with one edge displaying a distinctive curved (domed edge) whilst the opposite is relatively flat. It is likely that this is caused by the axe being cast in an open stone mould. The butt is relatively thin having a narrow rounded profile; the width at the butt is 12.94 mm (thickness: 2.25 mm). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively curved. There is no evidence of the long edges being raised to form flanges and there may be evidence of a proto stop ridge (median bevel) as the butt does exhibit flattening of both surfaces. However, the axe is thickest at the mid point (10.11 mm). The sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge with an abraded width of 27.87 mm. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through either abrasion or wear, as has the blade edge itself. A distinct blade facet is not present. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on any surface of the axe. Casting 'flaws' or air bubbles are present over most of the surface of the flat axehead.



The axe is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail. There are a couple of patches of a brighter green colour on the surface. These areas should be monitored for further signs of active copper corrosion (bronze disease) occurring. This is a bright green powdery residue. To reduce the risk of this happening, the axe should be stored in a sealed air tight, dry box such as a tupperware box lined with silica gel and acid free tissue.



It measures 65.79 mm in length, maximum width at the blade is 27.87 mm, width at the butt is 12.94 mm and it has a maximum thickness of 10.11 mm. It weighs 56.5 grams.



The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge). It is closest in style to the Biggar variants of the Migdale type axes (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, 46-47), although it is smaller than other recorded examples. This variant tends to have a relatively narrow butt and widened blade, straight or concave sides which diverge towards the cutting edge. Variant Biggar show a relatively narrow butt, which in many cases is characteristically flattened, less rounded than in Migdale axes. The butt therefore has a more squarish appearance. Below the butt the sides do not diverge immediately, but run parallel for at least one third of their overall length. Cutting edge is often flatter, less rounded than is the case with Type Migdale proper. It is never recurved, and very rarely strongly tipped.



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,,56.5,,,10.11,65.79,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Mavesyn Ridware,SK0917,From a paper map,52.75054366,-1.8681028,WMID-A48FC7,,WMID-A48FC7.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-A48FC7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/415663.jpg
544699,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2150,1500,"A complete cast copper alloy probable Awl, possibly of Bronze Age dating but could easily be later in dating (2150 BC to c. AD 1500).


The awl consists of a sub square sectioned artefact that gradually tapers from a wide centre, to a sharp point at both ends. No obvious tang is present. Faint grooves are present down each of the thicker sides.


It measures 51.35 mm in length, has a maximum width of 3.49 mm and has a maximum thickness of 3.24 mm. It weighs 2.4 g.


The probable awl is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.


Similar artefacts have been recorded on the PAS database as NMS-ACEA64, NMS-0F5EF3, SF-6FC795, LVPL-7E3686, GLO-9FB903, HESH-399E94 and PUBLIC-5155C5. However as awls are a functional artefact, the form changes very little from the Bronze Age through to the Medieval period. Similar awls were found during the excavations at York (Ottaway & Rogers, 2002, pages 2729-2730, fig 1338), in particular SF 11522, which exhibits a similar groove on one side like this example and has been dated to the late 11th Century AD. Therefore this example could be of any date from the Bronze Age through to the Medieval Period (2150 BC to 1500 AD).


Reference:

Ottaway, P. & Rogers, N. 2002. Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds from Medieval York. The Archaeology of York. The Small Finds 17/15. York Archaeological Trust. York.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-03T00:00:00Z,,,,2.4,,,3.24,51.35,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Islip,SP9980,From finder,52.409057,-0.54604,WMID-BA89E6,,WMID-BA89E6.jpg,Bronze Age to Post Medieval: Possible awl,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-BA89E6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/415814.jpg
544871,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"A copper-alloy socketed spear dating from the middle to later Bronze Age (c. 1500-700BC). Only the tip of the the spearhead survives; it has a rounded mid rib with narrow wings. The tip is slightly bent, probably through use, and the wings are chipped, perhaps due to thinning of the metal from corrosion which may have led to some losses from the outer edge of each wing. The surface has a stable, slightly pitted, patinated surface of green-brown colour. The surviving length is 45 mm, with a maximum width of 12mm and weight of 10.34g.


A similar, though larger, example (SF8275) can be seen on this database. Many parallels are illustrated in 'Bronze Age Metalwork from Lincolnshire', for example No. 168 from Brumby (p. 81).","Davey, P.J. 1973: Bronze Age Metalwork from Lincolnshire. Oxford: Society of Antiquaries of London.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.34,,,7,45,1,Becky Sanderson,Becky Sanderson,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Welton,SK9979,From a paper map,53.298714,-0.516003,LIN-CE5674,,LIN2013-562.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy speartip,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2013-562.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/418299.jpg
545351,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"A Bronze Age possibly cut-down spear tip with a socket which is 27.07mm long. The spear has rounded edges and one side has seven nicks which create seven 'barbs'.



Richard Davis comments that he has not seen a fragment like this before. He notes:





1. It is not clear what type of spearhead this is - whether it had loops or pegholes in the socket, and whether it is from the Middle or Late Bronze Age.


2. Cuts in the blade edges are normally the result of combat damage or an intentional ""killing"" of the spearhead prior to votive deposition. Excellent examples of this ""killing"" is found in some of the spearheads from the Blackmoor Hoard, also from Hampshire. However, intentional cuts in blade edges are normally found in spearheads that are deposited when complete or with a large part remaining, not just as a fragment as in this case.


3. The multiple cuts on one blade edge look decorative - the upper four cuts are at regular intervals. The reworking may have been to form a tool, but this seems unlikely as the jagged edges are not sharp. The apparent barb on the other blade edge does not seem to have a particular function.


In summary,the probability is that it is a fragment of an LBA pegged spearhead, because the incidence of intentional fragments was far greater in this period. This is an interesting and unique piece, but one whose condition and damage is difficult to interpret.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.97,,,8.75,49.6,1,Richard Davis,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Chilcomb,SU5028,GPS (from the finder),51.04918,-1.288079,SUR-0FB443,,12-1344a.JPG,Bronze age: Spear,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/12-1344a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/421783.jpg
545951,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A worn fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spear-head, dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1500-800 BC). The spear-head has a lozenge-shaped section, midrib and worn blade wings. It is too fragmentary to identify the type further.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-21T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - Letcombe Bassett 2012,18.71,,,11.2,32.67,1,Janina Parol,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Childrey,SU3686,From a paper map,51.571726,-1.481956,BERK-4AE470,,108 Berk 4AE470.jpg,108 BERK 4AE470: Bronze Age Spear Fragment,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/108 Berk 4AE470.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/416698.jpg
545955,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-600,"A possible cast copper alloy chisel of uncertain, but possibly Bronze Age, date. The chisel is in poor condition and little or none of its original surface survives. The chisel measures 99.96mm in length. One end expands and is flat and spatulate with a rounded terminal. The remainder has a rectangular section. The width of the 'blade' is 11.26mm and the maximum width of the body is 9.55mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,34.04,,,8.34,99.96,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Beech Hill,SU6965,From finder,51.37986674,-1.00995654,SUR-4B0D50,,B13-03.JPG,Bronze Age: Chisel,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B13-03.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/416700.jpg
546190,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
A cast copper alloy miniature object in the form of a palstave axe, probably dating to the Bronze Age. Research ongoing.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-21T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - Letcombe Bassett 2012,4.12,,,5.85,34.45,1,Richard Henry,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Bassett,SU3686,From a paper map,51.571726,-1.481956,BERK-602025,,128 Berk 602025.jpg,128 BERK-602025: Awls,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/128 Berk 602025.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/416930.jpg
546908,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"The tip of a cast copper alloy socketed spear head dating to the late Bronze age. There is a hemispherical rib on both sides of the spear head running and widening from the tip towards the base. On one side of the spear head there is evidence of a breakage, exposing the socket which would have once held the shaft. The rib is flanked by two tapering blade wings.


A very similar spear head has also been found on the database, record ID: SUSS-C3C237",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,7.93,,,5,39,1,Alice Booth,Alice Booth,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Navenby,SK9956,From a paper map,53.092039,-0.523123,LIN-B6B1C3,,LIN2013-502.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy spear head.,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abooth/LIN2013-502.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/417379.jpg
547315,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
Fragment of a Bronze age socketed axehead. The sideloop is still intact. The fragment is curved and flares outwards slightly to form a rounded edge.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,7,40,1,Alice Booth,Alice Booth,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Welbourn,SK9754,From a paper map,53.074433,-0.553581,LIN-CE0C01,,LIN2013-520.jpg,"Bronze age, socketed axehead fragment.",Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abooth/LIN2013-520.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/417631.jpg
547408,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-800,"Incomplete cast copper-alloy shouldered awl of probable Bronze Age date. At the probable mid-point there are opposed rectangular projections on both sides forming a collar or stop ridge. One end  is broken just beyond the collar and comprises a rectangular-sectioned stump. The other end of the awl is of faceted recatgular section and  tapers to a sharp point. The metal has a dark green patina. Surviving length 54mm.  Width at shoulders 14mm. Width at springing of both 7mm. 6.5mm  thick. Weighs 11.58g. This awl is likely to belong to the Bronze Age, although the form does not change much through time and similar  objects are also noted in the Roman period and possibly later.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-02T00:00:00Z,2013-02-02T00:00:00Z,,,11.58,,,6.5,54,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Gayton,TF7318,,52.731963,0.560718,NMS-DEBFA3,,29715_DEBFA3_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Awl (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/29715_DEBFA3_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/420357.jpg
547455,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,,,"
An incomplete copper alloy possible punch or awl, possibly Bronze Age in date although it could equally be Roman. It has a square sectioned shaft which is broken and the opposing end narrows into a point. The punch is quite chunky, more so than the Bronze Age awls recorded on the database.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-21T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers - Letcombe Bassett 2012,4.1,,6.07,,29.1,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Bassett,SU3786,From a paper map,51.571662,-1.467528,BERK-E133A6,,221 Berk E133A6.jpg,221 BERK-E133A6,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/221 Berk E133A6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/417775.jpg
547728,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-701,"Probable Bronze Age copper alloy casting jet. Oval, flat upper face (32 x 34.5mm, 20mm thick), convex lower face with ceramic material between the stumps of two runners. Weighs 49.11g. c.2,350-701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-13T00:00:00Z,2013-02-13T00:00:00Z,,,49.11,,,20,34.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Hoe,TF9815,,52.696463,0.928672,NMS-F56815,,,,,,,
547861,Gouge,Bronze Age,,,,,"A complete copper-alloy socketed wood gouge dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Bronze Age, C. BC 1000 to 800.


The socketed end of the gouge has a circular section and a diameter of 20.8. There is a collar at the socketed end and the gouge then flattens to a C-shaped section by the end and the length of the furrow is 41.90 mm and the width of the furrow at the tip is 13.57 mm.


A gouge of this type would have been used for woodworking and similar examples are known from Dorset (PAS database DOR-FD5EF4) and also as part of a hoard from Cumbria (PAS database LANCUM-6F9525).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,33.7,,20.8,,61.92,1,Lauren Proctor,Lauren Proctor,North West,Cumbria,Eden,Hunsonby,NY5636,Centred on field,54.717066,-2.684546,DUR-06F0E8,,DUR-06F0E8-socketed-gouge.jpg,Bronze Age socketed wood gouge,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DUR-06F0E8-socketed-gouge.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/418052.jpg
548390,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"Fragment of a middle or late Bronze Age socketed axe. Only the blade-end survives. The blade is curved and flares at both ends. The extent of the flared ends is not great, suggesting that it has been resharpened a number of times in antiquity. The body widens to the break, where it is rectangular in cross-section with a hollow centre. The edges of the break are slightly irregular, but in totality form a regular 'slice' across the axe. It is unclear whether the break is intentional or the result of damage. The surface of the axe has a dark-green patina, which is irregularly pitted throughout.


The blade width is 45mm. The rectangular section at the break measures 34mm x 15mm. The wall of the section measures 3.5mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,51.78,,,14,45,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Linwood,TF1286,From a paper map,53.359022,-0.318558,LIN-5DB976,,LIN2013-571.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2013-571.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/418493.jpg
548604,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy knife/razor of the Middle-Late Bronze Age, c. 1500 BC-800 BC.


The knife/razor is incomplete, but what remains indicates the object was leaf-shaped in plan and pointed-oval in section. The tip of the blade is missing, as it the base. The remains of a hole for mounting/fixing can be seen, but the edges of the blade have chipped and corroded away, leaving an irregular, jagged edge to both edges of the blade.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-05-31T23:00:00Z,2012-08-23T23:00:00Z,,,14.3,,,2.26,66.46,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Ulgham,NZ2392,Generated from computer mapping software,55.221697,-1.640005,NCL-71EF23,,NCL-71EF23.JPG,NCL-71EF23: Bronze Age knife or razor,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-71EF23.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/418650.jpg
548991,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"An incomplete Early Bronze Age copper alloy cast flat axehead, dating from c.2150 to 1500 BC. The blade is curved and it has a very uneven edge, probably due to surface wear and corrosion. The axehead tapers to a break before the butt. There are some traces of Bronze disease on the surface of the item.","
Images provided by finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,7,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Lyme Regis,SY3493,From finder,50.732849,-2.936564,DEV-892904,,Bronze age flat axe.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/Bronze age flat axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/418896.jpg
549959,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head (1000 - 800BC).  The  socket is sub-circular, a square with very rounded corners.  The edge of the socket is decorated with a pronounced rim and  a parallel raised transverse band just below.  This second transverse band is vestigial and very faint.  The axe head has a side loop that abuts the lower  moulded band.  The axe head is wedge-shaped in plan.   The sides of the axe head flare out gently towards the blade tip. There are decorative mouldings forming two ribs along each of the face edges.    A casting seam is visible along both  edges.  The axehead has a curved cutting edge which shows  some wear and evidence of sharpening.  The blade is hollow.  There is a casting flaw on the rim, an air bubble at the top of the rim.  There appears to be a fragment of wood surviving within the socket.


This socketed axe head is similar to others found in the Ewert Park  assemblage and dated 1000-800BC (Rohl & Needham 1998: 136-7).


Dimensions: length: 102.4mm; width of blade: 53.6mm; thickness of rim: 33.34mm; internal diameter of socket:  23.88mm; internal length of socket: 76.84mm; weight: 192.8g.


Reference: Rohl, B. and Needham, S. 1998. The Circulation of Metal in  the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis.   British Museum Occasional Paper No. 102.  British Museum Press: London.",,4,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,192.8,,23.88,33.34,102.4,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,London,Greater London Authority,Wandsworth,Thamesfield,TQ2376,From finder,51.46960743,-0.23054883,LON-055444,,Wells-Axe-Oct12.jpg,late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head,Museum of London,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/Wells-Axe-Oct12.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/419711.jpg
550017,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of Bronze Age socketed axe,  surviving end comprises cutting edge to just beyond start of internal socket. Surviving length 27mm. Surviving width 49mm. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-18T00:00:00Z,2013-02-18T00:00:00Z,,,418,,,,,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Colkirk,TF9025,,52.789114,0.816228,NMS-06E105,,41350_06E105_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/41350_06E105_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/420397.jpg
550383,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1300,"A cast copper alloy (bronze) early palstave / primary Group I - shield patterned palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1300 BC) - most probably associated with the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both assemblages fit within Burgess Metal Working Stage VIII and IX.



The palstave is broadly rectangular in plan with relatively straight parallel side which flare on the lower blade and expand to form a wide crescentic cutting edge / blade. In profile the palstave is lentoid with the widest section being before and after the stop ridge - where it tapers to form the butt and blade. The blade (measured from the cutting edge to the stop ridge) is 100.4mm long and the width of cutting edge is 69.0mm. The thickness of the blade tip is 2.4mm and the cutting edge is well preserved and still sharp. The maximum thickness of the blade is 17.2mm (measured at a point below the stop ridge; the width at this point is 32.7mm). The upper blade is well preserved. A poorly defined sub-triangular shaped dish is present on both faces - although it is more defined on one edge. This depression is interpreted as a form of shield pattern, although the exterior edges are not decorated / defined with raised ribs. This form of palstave is not commonly looped. However on the edges of the upper blade - slightly below the stop ridge Two raised transverse ribs / swellings are present. The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and irregular in profile; the sides in profile are parallel. In section the butt has an H shaped cross section - although the raised side flanges. The rear section of the palstave measures 76.4mm length and has a maximum thickness 38.0mm. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is 73.4mm long, and 17.8mm wide and 6.7mm thick. The butt of the axe is complete - it has a slight U shaped notch at the centre of the butt but this is patinated suggesting damage in antiquity. The width at the butt is 27.4mm. The flange facets are broadly sub-triangular (an irregular arc) in shape they are at their highest point prior to the junction with the stop ridge and project onto the upper blade. The stop ridge is set very low and is fused to flanges  - this forms two raised elements to haft the axe by. The facets on each side of the axe differ from one another. The side flange extends to a maximum height of 15.3mm above the septum and the stop ridge is 6.0mm high. The profile of the flanges on one face is slightly irregular with V shaped notches being removed - this is original to the manufacture an dis possibly a casting flaw - all the edges of these notches are patinated. The junction between the septum and stop ridge is crescentic in shape and the base of the septum is slightly hollow - has a U shaped depression. The long edges of the axe have been finished and the remnants of the casting seam have been removed by trimming, filing and hammering. The palstave measures 176.8mm long and weighs 569 grams. The relative heaviness of the axe could suggest a larger than normal degree of lead being added to the alloy.



The palstave is a mid brown colour with a thick well formed patina which covers almost all surfaces of the axe. In a number of places the patina has been removed by active corrosion - where this has occurred a roughened light green coloured metal is present. The patina has been removed on one flange and a bright metallic brass colour has been revealed - this damage is likely to be due to the axe being clipped during its removal from the soil. The axe is remarkably unabraded and the tips of the axe blade are unusually well preserved - this suggests that the axe has never been within upper / active ploughzone.



Similar examples to this palstave can be seen in: Savory, 1980; Catalogue of the Bronze Age collections in the National Museum of Wales; Figs 19-20 cat no 132 Llanfair-mathafarn-eithaf, Anglesey / Yns Mon and 139-142 Chepstow, Glos, Llanddaniel-fab (Anglesey) and Caernarvonshire respectively. Burgess and Schmidt (1981: pp 117-125) explore the dating and known distribution of this form of early palstave which is relatively common in North Wales, The Marches and Cheshire plain.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,569,,,37.8,176.8,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Bickley,SJ5347,From finder,53.018223,-2.702068,HESH-204CC1,,HESH204CC1.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/yviea/HESH204CC1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1032403.jpg
550553,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl in quite fresh conditon, with sub-square to round-sectioned blade and square to rectangular-section tang. Length 85mm. Maximum width 6.5mm. Weight 12.6g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-20T00:00:00Z,2013-02-20T00:00:00Z,,,12.6,,,,85,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Roudham and Larling,TL9889,Generated from computer mapping software,52.463032,0.913145,NMS-477697,,31402_477697_BA_Awl.jpg,Late Bronze Age Awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/31402_477697_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/425090.jpg
550944,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-600,"A Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy awl. The awl, which expands in width to 4.33 in its centre, has one circular section terminal, the other end being flattened and rectangular in section, presumably for hafting.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,,3.65,,,,45.38,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,All Cannings,SU0763,GPS (from the finder),51.366022,-1.900839,SUR-8A4D82,,12-1426.JPG,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/12-1426.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/426634.jpg
551176,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl with  sub-square to round-sectioned blade and square to rectangular-section  tang. Length 35.8mm. Maximum width 4.5mm. Weight 3.19g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-08T00:00:00Z,2013-03-08T00:00:00Z,,,3.19,,,,35.8,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Gayton,TF7417,Generated from computer mapping software,52.722662,0.574982,NMS-9F6FE5,,58401_9F6FE5_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Awl (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58401_9F6FE5_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/426372.jpg
551409,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"
A fragement of cast copper alloy blade. The dark brown patina, pitting and elongated lozenge shaped cross-section suggest that this is likely to be the blade section of a Brnoze Age spear or dagger.
",Finders Ref: AR 172,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.54,,,2,37,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Hackleton,SP8254,GPS (from the finder),52.178171,-0.802209,NARC-B20E51,,NARC-B20E51a.jpg,NARC-B20E51 bronze age blade,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-B20E51a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/420847.jpg
551519,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, the open end of the socket missing. The cutting edges are scuffed and the point is missing. Length more than 89mm. Width 25mm Thickness more than 12.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-06-14T23:00:00Z,2013-01-07T00:00:00Z,,,29.5,,,12.5,89,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Rocklands,TL9896,Generated from computer mapping software,52.52588,0.917304,NMS-B35CF5,,40488_B35CF5_LBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Spear (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/40488_B35CF5_LBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/433696.jpg
551729,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-800,"A Bronze Age copper alloy spear tip with the tip of the socket surviving.  The spear has a high raised central ridge that extends to the tip of the blade. The edges are well preserved edges, the break is  fresh and the fragment has a, dark green patina; patches of the surface are missing. The section is diamond-shaped with narrower blade edges. The spear belongs to the Penard - Ewart Park (1250-800 BC) phases",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.9,,,9.93,66.44,1,Peter Reavill,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Stanton,SP0634,GPS (from the finder),52.004406,-1.914005,SUR-DB8632,,12-1451.JPG,Bronze age: Spear,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/12-1451.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/423328.jpg
552042,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Neolithic,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"A complete copper alloy flat axehead dating to the period c. 2200 to 1900 BC.


The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan and in section. Both edges are still sharp although quite uneven and the surface of the object is badly abraded and the object is quite poorly preserved more generally. The axehead is rounded at one end, the cutting edge, and the axe then tapers towards the butt. The axe is quite thin and does not vary much in thickness although the middle is slightly thicker than the outer edges. There is no evidence for decoration on the surface of the object but that could be due to the fact that the surface has corroded away completely. The object is purpley-brown in colour with areas of a light green corrosion.


It is likely that this dates to the Early Bronze Age and metalworking stage I to II which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 1-2, circa 2500 to 2050 CAL. BC. Axes of this type are broadly contemporary with beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,11.3,94.87,1,Lauren Proctor,Lauren Proctor,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Bowes,NY9913,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),54.512304,-2.016957,DUR-065531,,DUR-065531-flat-axehad-back.jpg,Bronze Age Flat Axe Back,Durham County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DUR-065531-flat-axehad-back.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/421117.jpg
552111,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy mid to late Bronze Age tanged chisel dagger fragment and two slag residues found within 1.5m of each other and appear to be associated. They date from 1000 to 800BC. Associated with LANCUM-06AA41, LANCUM-0633E7,  LANCUM-060825.jpg, LANCUM-064172 and LANCUM-069462



Description



1. Chisel: The chisel is virtually complete and in good condition. The tang of the chisel is tapering and rectangular sectioned square-sectioned. There is a wide, oval collar separating the tang from the blade. The blade is oval in cross section below the collar and flares and thins in to a triangular shape with a fine convex cutting edge.



Dimensions: Length: 98mm; Width: 30mm; Thickness: 6mm



Weight: 34.75g



2. Tanged Dagger or Knife: Incomplete. The blade is double edged, tapering, with a central ridge producing a lozenge form profile, the top is broken and may have originally terminated in a tang. The blade is narrowed from the top of the blade with angled sides and has breaks at both ends.



Dimensions: Surviving length: 50mm; Width: 15mm; Thickness: 2mm



Weight: 14.39g



3. Fragment of copper alloy slag



Dimensions: Length: 43mm; Width: 23mm; Thickness: 18mm



Weight: 34.47g



4. Fragment of copper alloy slag



Dimensions: Length: 22mm; Width: 12mm; Thickness: 8mm.



Weight: 11g



Discussion



The tanged chisel (1) has other parallels in the database such as a tanged chisel from South Oxfordshire (Byard 2012) (BERK-52E8C3) and one other from Winfrith Newburgh, Dorset (Hayward Trevarthen 2012) (DOR-F18347). Tanged chisels have been found in several Bronze Age hoards and have a wide distribution in Britain and Ireland.



Burgess and Gerloff (1981, 36ff) include a blade of similar shape and size to the tanged dagger or knife from Bolton-Le-Sands (2) in their Group II ('Damaged Blades Modified for Rehafting'). It is similar to an example from Marston Trussel, Northamptonshire (Ibid, no.248), described as: ""[A t]anged blade, either a knife made in this form or possibly a dirk with butt cut down for rehafting, in which case the torn rivet hole would have been secondary."" (Ibid., pl. 32, no 248). It is also similar to two others on the Portable Antiquity Scheme database. One a cast tanged knife found in Dorset (DOR-FAC625) and the other an incomplete knife found in Wiltshire (WILT-83A428).



Both finds (1-2) can be dated on typological ground to the Late Bronze Age Wilburton and Ewart Park phases, c.1000-850 BC. Metalworking waste (3-4) is a common feature of Late Bronze Age hoards and finds.



The four objects (1-4) appear to have been associated and represent a single find.



Conclusion



In terms of their age and grouping of more than two items, this find qualifies as a prehistoric base-metal assemblage and so as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure (Designation) Order 2002.



References



Byard, A (2012) BERK-52E8C3 A BRONZE AGE CHISEL Webpage available at: http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/488005 [Accessed: 8 May 2013 18:16:30]



Burgess, C. B. and Gerloff, S., 1981. The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland Munich : Prähistorische Bronzefunde



Hayward Trevarthen, C (2012) DOR-F18347 A BRONZE AGE CHISEL Webpage available at: http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/493532 [Accessed: 8 May 2013 18:13:28]



Authors:



Stuart Noon



Finds Liaison Officers for Lancashire and Cumbria



Amended:



Mafalda Raposo



Volunteer, The British Museum



Neil Wilkin



Curator, Bronze Age Collections, The British Museum



8th of May, 2013",,3,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2013-04-07T23:00:00Z,,2013T224,,,,,,,4,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Carnforth,SD4867,Generated from computer mapping software,54.09625643,-2.79660665,LANCUM-0788A0,,LANCUM0788A0.jpg,Copper alloy mid to late Bronze Age tanged chisel dagger fragment and two slag residues found within 1.5m of each other and appear to be associated. They date from 1000 to 800BC,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM0788A0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/523843.jpg
552249,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A fragment from the tip of a middle to late Bronze Age spear. The frament is lentoid in cross-section. The surface and the perimeter are pitted, and the break is irregular and well patinated.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,6,28,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Leasingham,TF0649,From a paper map,53.027797,-0.420939,LIN-177172,,LIN2013-685.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy spear,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2013-685.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/422060.jpg
552349,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"Copper alloy palstave axe fragment. Cast butt and ridges or flanges - more on one side than on the other, giving a partial I-section - from the end of a palstave axe, of comparable form to others from the locality (e.g. NLM-EE9650 and NLM-EE77E7) which are described as Type Silsden side-looped palstaves. The end of the butt is rounded, presumably by wear. The surface where this object was detached from the rest of the axe is rough and shows the pale green signs of recent corrosion. This probably represents a recent break. Suggested date: Middle Bronze Age, 1300-1150 BC.



Length: 17.7mm, Height: 22.2mm, Thickness (at ridge): 8.8mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-10T00:00:00Z,,,,,22.2,,8.8,17.7,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9117,From finder,53.64161,-0.625009,NLM-1A38C2,,NLM22054a.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM22054a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129014.jpg
552353,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Copper alloy socketed axe fragment. Cast lunate cutting edge from a socketed axe; the hollow socketed form is confirmed by a rectangular cavity measuring 28.5mm by 9mm revealed by its breakage behind the edge of the blade. The fracture surface is rough and pale green compared to the patinated external surface features which may indicate a fairly recent break. The marked inswing where the blade narrows to join the middle part of the axe (lost) contrasts with the form of other socketed axes reported from the vicinity, where the body widens only slightly before meeting the blade (e.g. NLM-6ABEB8) . Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1150-800 BC.



Length: 22.7mm, Height/Width: 52.1mm, Thickness: 14.4mm, Weight: 39.49gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-18T00:00:00Z,,,,39.49,,,14.4,22.7,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9117,From finder,53.64161,-0.625009,NLM-1A50A1,,NLM22055a.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM22055a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129015.jpg
552456,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, with the cutting edge and part of the socket, badly crushed. The main break across the object is not recent but much of the scuffing is. Length more than 34mm. Width of cutting edge 42mm. Weight 45g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-14T00:00:00Z,2013-03-13T00:00:00Z,,,45,,,,34,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Hevingham,TG2022,Generated from computer mapping software,52.750807,1.25838,NMS-1E4DA1,,37677_1E4DA1_LBA_Axehead.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/37677_1E4DA1_LBA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/424107.jpg
552605,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"A copper alloy object; probably an awl and probably of Bronze Age date (2150 BC - 800 BC). One end of the object terminates in a sharp point and has a circular cross section. The object widens at its centre and becomes increasingly sub-rectangular in section. The object has been flattened towards the tang end and becomes sub-rectangular in section. This end of the object is flat, however it is slightly rough which suggests it has been broken and the object is incomplete. The object appears to have been cleaned so has lost much of its patina. For similar objects on the database see NMS-ACEA64, NMS-0F5EF3, SF-6FC795, LVPL-7E3686, GLO-9FB903 and HESH-399E94.



A date of Bronze Age has been given for this object due to similar examples on the database. However the record for a similar object - WMID-BA89E6 - states that, as awls are functional artefacts, their form changes very little from the Bronze Age through to the Medieval period. Similar awls were found during the excavations at York (Ottaway & Rogers, 2002, pages 2729-2730, fig 1338). Therefore such example could be of any date from the Bronze Age through to the Medieval Period (2150 BC to AD 1500).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-11-22T00:00:00Z,2012-11-21T00:00:00Z,,,4.6,,,5.1,56.1,1,Lucy Creighton,Lucy Creighton,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Towton,SE4839,From finder,53.845032,-1.271935,SWYOR-320717,,PAS_2057_awl1.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucyc/PAS_2057_awl1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/421444.jpg
552761,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1000,1700,"A cast copper alloy fragment, perhaps the tang and part of the shaft of a chisel, 56mm long. If so the cutting edge is missing. The tang has a circular section. The patina suggests a date much later than the Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.46,,,3.81,56,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Bradfield,SU6173,Generated from computer mapping software,51.452706,-1.123516,SUR-45BB83,,B13-132.JPG,Bronze Age: Chisel,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B13-132.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/422817.jpg
552955,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Small fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe. Ancient breaks. Length 21.5mm. Weight 9.83. c.1000 - c.700 BC.


FLO12",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-01T00:00:00Z,2013-03-15T00:00:00Z,,,9.83,,,,21.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Flordon,TM1797,Generated from computer mapping software,52.527628,1.197584,NMS-71AEB4,,58410_71AEB4_LBA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58410_71AEB4_LBA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/428781.jpg
553928,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Ingot, fragment. Approximately sub circular in plan; plano-convex section. Length: 78mm, Width: 60mm, Thickness: 28mm, Weight: c.550g.

	
Ingot, fragment. Approximately triangular in plan; plano-convex section. Length: 94mm, Width: 77mm, Thickness: 34mm, Weight: c.750g.

	
Ingot, fragment. Approximately subcircular in plan; rectangular in section; both faces are flat. Length: 58mm, Width: 52.5mm Thickness: 25.5mm, Weight: c.450g.

	
Ingot, fragment. Approximately triangular in plan; plano-convex section. Length: 55mm; Width: 43mm; Thickness: 25mm, Weight: c.300g.

	
Ingot, fragment. Approximately rectangular in plan; rectangular section; both faces are flat. Length: 33.5mm; Width: 32.5mm; Thickness: 13mm, Weight: c.125g.

	
Ingot, fragment. Approximatley semi-circular in plan with plano-convex section.Length: 51mm Width: 32.5mm; Thickness: 17.5mm, Weight: c.125g.

	
Ingot fragment. Approximately triangular in plan with rectangular section and flat faces both sides. There is a hole in one of the sides and the item is hollow; this was probably caused by an air bubble during the casting process. Length: 39.5mm; Width: 33mm; Thickness: 15.mm, Weight: c.100g.





Discussion



These ingot fragments probably belong to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, dating to c.1000-800 BC. Four of the fragments are plano-convex, being rounded on one side and flat on the other. Ingots such as these were cast in a dish-shaped mould, and are often referred to as 'bun' ingots due to their shape. Ingots of raw metal were transported and traded throughout Britain and Europe during the Late Bronze Age. They were frequently broken up into fragments, ready to be smelted to make a range of bronze weaponry, tools and ornaments. Ingots (and ingot fragments) are a regular feature of LBA hoard deposits in southern England (cf. Turner 2010, 86-7). Numerous plano-convex ingot fragments have been recovered in Devon and the surrounding regions (e.g. Powell 2005a; 2005b), most notably the copper and tin ingots recovered from a probable shipwreck site off the coast of Salcombe (Roberts & Veysey 2011; Needham et al. forthcoming). Scientific analysis is currently being undertaken on the Salcombe finds at the British Museum (B. Roberts pers comm.). The East Devon finds are therefore significant for their potential (subject to future analysis) to reveal information regarding patterns of trade and exchange in the Late Bronze Age period in the South-West of Britain.","As these seven Late Bronze Age ingots were found in the same field within c. 20m of each other, they are most likely to originate from a single deposit, which has been dispersed. This material is eligible as Treasure under the Treasure Order (2002), as it is a base-metal prehistoric find containing two or more metal objects.",3,Copper alloy,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2013-03-04T00:00:00Z,,2013T196,,,,,,,7,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,East Devon,Otterton,SY0884,Centred on field,50.64839446,-3.30264451,DEV-ED41D1,,2013T196.jpg,Bronze Age Hoard,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/beckyd/2013T196.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/478557.jpg
554032,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"Probably Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unidentified object: a concave sided tube engraved very finely on the exterior with five sets of four circumferential lines separated by bands of closely spaced oblique lines, set in alternating directions by band. There is some modern scuffing on the ends and surfaces, but the object is otherwise in good condition. The decorative style is close to that found on objects of the Middle Bronze Age 'Ornament Horizon' such as Picardy pins (e.g. NMS-35C944). The piece was formerly identified as Roman, its length being very close to that of a waisted tube with rather different decoration from Brough-on-Humber (Wacher 1969, 87, fig. 37 no. 6). Length 27mm. Diameter 11mm at one end, 13mm at the other and 9.5mm at the centre. The wall is 1mm thick. c.1400 - c.1250 BC.



Found in area 13 on annotated map in file.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-01T00:00:00Z,2013-02-22T00:00:00Z,,,6.04,,13,,27,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7108,Generated from computer mapping software,52.642789,0.525939,NMS-042377,,34529_042377_RB_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,Roman Unidentified Object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/34529_042377_RB_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/463304.jpg
554709,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axehead, dating to between 1000 - 800 BC.  The edge of  the fragment comprising the socket-end has a pronounced rim from which a small portion of the original mould line is visible. The fragment has a side loop that abuts the lower edge of the  moulded rim.  The fragment measures 29.8mm long, 20.9mm wide, 11.5mm thick with loop, 4.1mm thick without the loop and it weighs 11.78 grams.  The fragment is of an even dark green colour and patina, although pitted on both surfaces from corrosion. Due to its fragmented nature, a full identification of the type of socketed axehead is difficult.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-11T00:00:00Z,,,,11.78,,,11.5,29.8,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,South East,West Sussex,Mid Sussex,CLAYTON,TQ3113,GPS (from the finder),50.901624,-0.13839,SUSS-5637C2,,SUSS-5637C2 Bronze Age Socketed Axehead.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead ,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/saehoile/SUSS-5637C2 Bronze Age Socketed Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/425900.jpg
554893,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1700,"Early Bronze Age bronze Developed flat axe of uncertain sub-type and of Needham's (1996) Period 3 dated to c. 2050 - 1700BC.



The axe is complete and is of diminutive size (with an overall length of 79.9mm and a weight of 56.8g). The butt (with a width of 13mm) is straight but angled. Both sides are convex, reaching its maximum width (of 17.1mm) immediately behind the proto stop ridge, before expanding sharply to produce an expanded blade edge. The side facets have been hammered and are also convex across their depths, with a maximum depth at the stop (of 10.9mm and a maximum height of 1.5mm). The angled side facets are decorated linear diagonals, in opposing directions on the opposite facets. There is no evidence for decoration at the central band of the sides. The flanges appear to end immediately before the butt. The septum is straight and gradually thickens to the stop (where the axe has a thickness of 8.9mm and a consistent septum width of 8mm). In front of the stop, the blade is decorated with four incised lines, before an intricate incised motif on the blade, comprising two columns (on each blade) of inverted V's, not quite meeting at the centre. The flanges on the blade give the appearance of converging at their terminals, defining a rounded end. Beneath is the blade facet, which is not decorated and gradually narrows to the blade edge. The blade (with a width 25.6mm) is slightly recurved. The surface has a dark-brown patina with some pitting and surface loss.","The axe has a number of unusual features and does not easily fit into the Developed axe sequence as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981) . The axe is considerably smaller than most developed axes and although similar sized examples are recorded as Type Bandon, Variant Swinton, these are rarely decorated and tend to have a squatter form than the slender form of this example.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-02-11T00:00:00Z,,,,56.8,,,10.9,79.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9878,GPS (from the finder),51.491714,-3.470589,NMGW-6A0686,,2012.60.1.jpeg,NMGW-6A0686: Early Bronze Age developed axe,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2012.60.1.jpeg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/423192.jpg
555311,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-600,A Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl measuring 50mm. The awl is square in section in the centre; one end has a rounded section and the other a flat rectangle.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.8,,,15.57,49.71,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Aldwincle,TL0081,GPS (from the finder),52.417863,-0.531046,SUR-A94D74,,13-176.JPG,Bronze age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/13-176.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/431567.jpg
555459,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed late Bronze Age axehead, circa 800-1100BC.  The axehead dates to the Wilburton or Ewart Park phases.  The lower blade and cutting edge survive with a shallow hollow indicating the terminal of the socket.  The breaks are antiquarian.  The fragment is trapezoidal in plan view with rounded edges, and sub triangular in section.  The cutting edge is curved and the sides of the lower blade are slightly flared.  The fragment has a green / brown patina and the surface is heavily abraded. Length: 26.14mm.  Width: 50.26mm.  Thickness: 13.52mm.  Weight: 65.21g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to the Scheme for educational use,Metal detector,2012-08-31T23:00:00Z,2012-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,65.21,,,13.52,26.14,1,Eloise Markwick,Eloise Markwick,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Drayton Bassett,SK1600,Centred on field,52.59756,-1.765217,WMID-C1E995,,WMID-C1E995.jpg,Fragment of a Bronze Age socketed axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eloisemarkwick/WMID-C1E995.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/423682.jpg
555618,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1250,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) dagger fragment of Middle Bronze Age dating (1400 BC to 1250 BC).


Less than 25% of the dagger is present. The rest is presumed, lost in antiquity. The dagger fragment is sub rectangular in plan. The dagger has a sub lentoid cross section. The remains of one rivet hole is present at the top, the other is missing. The blade tapers towards the edges. None of the edges are original, all have been damaged. Neither side of the blade exhibits decoration.


The blade measures 64.32 mm in length, 35.70 mm wide and 2.95 mm thick. It weighs 28.9 g.


The blade is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in the loss of some of the original surface patina, leaving areas of a lighter green colour. These areas should be monitored for signs of active copper corrosion from occurring. To reduce the risk of this happening, the blade should be stored in a sealed air tight, dry box, such as a tupperware box, with a liquid seal, lined with acid free tissue paper and silica gel.","Comment from Peter Reavill (FLO Herefordshire & Shropshire): I think this is the hilt and upper blade of a trapizodal hilted rapier of middle BA date. The remains of one rivet hole can be seen on the upper edge of the hilt - and the upper part is  a clear trapezoid tapering in width and expanding in section at the junction with the upper blade - which seems slightly stepped - although abrasion hasn't been kind - the blade looks lentoid in section and the upper plate has a flatter section.


From the profile I think it looks most like a Grp III rapier or more likely  a dirk (shorter rapier - under 30cm / 1ft in length)- see http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/109896 and http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/rapiers-and-dirks


They are a tricky group to separate but fit within a broad later MBA tradition - 1400 - 1250 BC which fits with a Taunton / Penard assemblage - Needham period 5 Burgess metalwork stage VIII - IX.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.9,,,2.95,64.32,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Burntwood,,,,,WMID-D54E37,,WMID-D54E37.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Dagger / Blade fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-D54E37.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/423604.jpg
555911,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead, of Late Bronze Age dating (1150 BC to 800 BC).


Less than 25% of the socketed axehead is present, consisting of the base of the socket and the blade edge. The fragment is sub rectangular in plan, and triangular in section. The socket is rectangular in shape. Casting ridges are present along both of the sides. The blade edge is rounded and expands out at the sides. Possible filemarks are present on the front and back of the axehead.


The socketed axehead fragment measures 33.83 mm in length, 52.77 mm wide (at the blade), 41.23 mm wide (at the body), 19.62 mm thick (at the body), 3.46 mm thick (at the blade edge). The remnants of the socket is 15.13 mm deep. It weighs 67.3 g.


The socketed axehead is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.


Peter Reavill (Herefordshire & Shropshire FLO) comments that it is late BA rather than Middle - as in post Wilburton - Llyn Fawr phase (1150-750 BC).  Almost all socketed axes are from the Ewart Park phase (1000-800 BC). It looks as if it comes from a narrow bladed axe - something like a Yorkshire or Meldrith type - but there is just not enough to say one way or the other (definitely not a Swales Axe).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-11-01T00:00:00Z,2006-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,67.3,,,19.62,33.83,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Hyde Lea,SJ9120,From finder,52.77750833,-2.13485881,WMID-EB5248,,WMID-EB5248.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age: Socketed Axehead fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-EB5248.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/423792.jpg
555978,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1000,"Fragment of cutting edge of Early or Middle Bronze axe, i.e. flat, flanged, or a palstave. The breaks are ancient and the blade is sharp. Thickness 5.2mm. Extant length and width 35 and 17mm. c.2350 -c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-01T00:00:00Z,2013-02-22T00:00:00Z,,,12.29,,,5.2,35,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7106,Generated from computer mapping software,52.624827,0.524904,NMS-ECA390,,13316_ECA390_BA_Axehead.jpg,Bronze Age Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/13316_ECA390_BA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/463249.jpg
556183,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,,IRON AGE,-1500,-100,"A fragment from an unidentified cast copper-alloy object of a known type  usually referred to as 'moustache-like' or 'moustache shaped'. These  objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron  Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead 1998; ref.  117) and various other finds reported to the PAS which are associated with Middle Bronze Age material.They may be sword scabbard chapes. This object is hollow and has a series of deep grooves along its length.



See NMS-F2BA41 for a complete object.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.34,,,,22.93,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Ewelme,SU6491,From finder,51.614199,-1.077081,SUR-FFD972,,B13-202.JPG,Bronze Age: Moustache-shaped fitting,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B13-202.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/425834.jpg
556817,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of the grip of a Late Bronze Age sword, probably of Ewart Park type, both ends broken across a rivet hole. The sides have begun to curve inwards below the upper break. Extant length 25mm. Width 22.5mm. Thickness 3.5 - 2.5mm. c.1000 - c.800 BC.


Finder's no. 23, see annotated map in file.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-01T00:00:00Z,2013-03-22T00:00:00Z,,,11.75,,,3.5,25,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Beachamwell,TF7405,Generated from computer mapping software,52.614894,0.568651,NMS-5682B5,,12153_5682B5_BA_Sword.jpg,Late Bronze Age Sword,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/12153_5682B5_BA_Sword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/463238.jpg
557432,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper alloy looped palstave with central rib and raised flange facets dating from the Middle Bronze Age (1500 BC - 1150 BC).


The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with convex expanding sides and an incomplete convex cutting edge. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The sides of the blade are convex in shape. The blade (measured from the cutting edge to the stop ridge) is 88.35 mm long and the width of cutting edge is 40.27 mm. The thickness of the blade tip is 2.93 mm. The maximum thickness of the blade is 16.68 mm (measured at thickest part below the stop ridge, the width at this point is 24.46 mm).


Beneath the stop-ridge, on both sides of the palstave, is a tapering central rib. This rib extends approximately half way down the length of the blade. The rib itself, although present on both sides, is crisper and less eroded on one of the two faces.


The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part at the stop ridge. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is 62.63 mm long, 17.55 mm wide, and 8.13 mm thick. The butt of the axe has been slightly damaged leaving one corner rounded. The butt is 19.25 mm wide and 3.09 mm thick. The loop is 26.42 mm long, by 8.83 mm wide and projects 9 mm.


The flange facets are fused to the stop ridge forming two sub-rectangular raised elements to haft the axe by. The facets on each side of the axe differ from one another. On one side the flange facets are convex and curve over to almost form an open socket. Whereas the other side has less pronounced or developed facets.


In total the palstave measures 149.45 mm in length, 40.33 mm wide (maximum) and 25.72 mm thick. It weighs 262.3 g.


Several casting flaws in the form of air bubbles are present on the septum. The poor quality of the casting is confirmed by an xray of the palstave which demostrated several large air bubbles within the internal structure of the palstave.


The palstave is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.


Similar examples to this palstave can be seen in Savory, 1980; catalogue entries 171, 172, 175, and 263 (the Mynydd Ta-y-glannau, Cemmaes Hoard). All of these examples fit into the middle phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA II).


Reference:

Savory, H. N., 1980. Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections Cardiff : National Museum of Wales, pp46-47, 106-107, 170-171 and 179",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-01-01T00:00:00Z,2012-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,262.3,,,25.72,149.45,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Staffordshire Moorlands,Heaton,SJ9563,From finder,53.164097,-2.076241,WMID-91BDA3,,WMID-91BDA3_2.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Looped and socketed palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-91BDA3_2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/424598.jpg
557502,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, part of mouth  with part of one face and one side. The edges have  been broken in antiquity. Surviving length 25mm. Surviving width 28mm. Weighs 16.91g.  c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-04-02T23:00:00Z,2013-04-02T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,25,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Kelling,TG0742,,52.935467,1.078748,NMS-9427A3,,58094_9427A3_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58094_9427A3_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/426366.jpg
557515,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-700,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead with rib decoration. The fragment is broadly square in plan with a central casting ridge. Late Bronze Age socketed axeheads are c.1100 BC to c.700 BC in date.



The fragment is 18.95mm in length, 18.65mm wide, 6.75mm thick and weighs 6.71 grams.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.71,,,6.75,18.95,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chilmark,ST9632,From finder,51.08730026,-2.05848758,WILT-950DB6,,WILT-950DB6.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-950DB6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/424676.jpg
557519,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1100,1500,"Corroded cast copper alloy casting sprue/jet of Bronze Age or later  date. A truncated cone shaped body with two curved prongs projecting  from the narrow end. The shape reflects the funnel shaped casting gate  and two projecting feeders into the casting mould. The base of the cone  would have in fact been the upper side into which the metal was poured  and the odd protrusion on one side may reflect the metal cooling as it  was poured into the mould. The metal is dark green with patches of mid  yellow green and pale green corrosion.


Comparable examples on the PAS database include IOW-CE75F0, SF-9FFB87, WMID-67D243


The casting sprue is 23.8mm in height, 28.55mm wide and weighs 39.99grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,39.99,23.8,,,,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Stockton,ST9936,From finder,51.123282,-2.015667,WILT-9543A0,,WILT-9543A0.jpg,Bronze age casting sprue,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-9543A0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/424678.jpg
558207,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"An incomplete and rather small Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC) palstave axehead, with damage to the butt end (all original edge missing) and the stop ridge and flanges on one side. It measures 48.52mm in length, 27.29mm in max.width (from loop to opposite edge) and 15.15mm in max. thickness (stop ridge to stop ridge). It weighs 42.68g.


The width at the broken butt end is 19.43mm, where it is I-shaped in cross-section (with a cross bar at either end), max. 8.88mm thick and min. 5.68mm thick. It widens a little at the stop ridge to 20.35mm wide. Inclusive of the single loop to one side, it measures 27.29mm (max. width). On one face, with loop to the left (and blade pointing downwards), there is considerable damage to the stop ridge and flanges, possibly recent (plough) damage. Almost all the flanges on this face are missing. There is only a little damage to the flanges and stop ridge on the opposite face.


The casting flash is visible on the loop, which appears worn, but otherwise all casting flashes have been smoothed down. The loop measures 15.57mm long (internal 5.92mm) and 3.89mm thick.


Below the stop ridge the blade is waisted, min. 19.08mm wide (x 9.40mm thick). It then flares to the cutting edge (21.58mm), which is curved and the corners a little damaged. It is 1.95mm thick at the edge.


Brendan O'Connor writes: This is a miniature palstave based on a full-size model of narrow-bladed Late Bronze Age type, not a broad-bladed Middle Bronze Age type.  The only close comparison I know is also from the Channel Islands, found on Sark as part of Barry Cunliffe's work there (pers. comm. May 2013).


Ritual deposition is only one of several explanations for this find, especially when so few comparisons are available.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-01T00:00:00Z,2013-03-13T00:00:00Z,,,42.68,,,15.15,48.52,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,,,,JERSEY,,From finder,,,HAMP-0FD867,,HAMP-0FD867.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-0FD867.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/425408.jpg
558368,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age awl, most of the rectangular-sectioned tang missing. There is a strong offset or stop ridge at the junction of tang and blade, the cross-section of the latter turning circular before the point. Extant length 35.5mm (length of blade 31.5mm). Width / thickness 6 x 4.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-12T00:00:00Z,2013-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,,,,4.5,35.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Flitcham with Appleton,TF7127,Generated from computer mapping software,52.813425,0.535824,NMS-228715,,52539_228715_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Awl (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/52539_228715_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/426356.jpg
558553,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper alloy blade, of Middle Bronze Age dating (1500 CAL BC to 1150 CAL BC - Needham's Period 5).


The blade fragment is sub trapezoidal in plan, and lentoid in cross section. The blade tapers towards either edge. The edges to the top and bottom are old, pre depostional breaks. No evidence of rivet holes are present at the top of the blade fragment. No decoration is present on either the front or back of the blade.


It measures 62.34 mm in length, has a maximum width of 22.69 mm and a minimum of 14.43 mm. It is 2.82 mm thick in the centre of the blade and 1.06 mm thick along the blade edges. It weighs 11.6 g.


The blade fragment is a mid to dark brown colour, with an even surface patina. The patina has been removed in a couple of areas, leaving a lighter green colour. These areas should be monitored for signs of active copper corrosion (bronze diseases) occurring. This would be a bright green powdery residue. To reduce the risk of this happening, the blade should be stored in a sealed air tight dry box, such as a tupperware box with a liquid seal, lined with acid free tissue and silica gel.","Comment from Peter Reavill (Herefordshire & Shropshire FLO): As for the blade fragment - from the  size I think you are looking at either a large dagger or probably more likely a rapier fragment. The hilt would have been trapezoidal - and it has lost its rivets and upper part - it has also lost the shoulders but you can then see the blade thickening away from the hilt to for the mid rib. I expect the other end continued for maybe 1/3 again as the rib is parallel even if the sides aren't due to plough roll. 


Similar rapiers have been dated to the later Middle Bronze Age (MBA III - specifically the Penard phase / industry) - Rowlands 1976 p68-70) which corresponds with Needham's Period 5 (1500-1150 CAL BC).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-03T00:00:00Z,,,,11.6,,,2.82,62.34,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Uttoxeter,SK0734,From finder,52.903393,-1.897374,WMID-277BF6,,WMID-277BF6.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Dagger / Blade fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-277BF6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/425465.jpg
558981,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"The find consists of a fragment of a socketed instrument, a socketed tool, five fragments of a hollow ring with semi-circular cross section and a length of copper alloy wire.



The find can be considered as an addendum to 2010 T442 based on the location of the find and the typological similarities between artefacts from both cases/finds. Furthermore, the fragment of socketed tool and hollow ring may belong to (and refit with) objects from 2010 T442. This impression was gained from examining the available photos of the earlier case (since acquired by the Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle, after being declared Treasure). The objects in this new find are very similar in form and condition. They appear, therefore, to derive from a dispersed hoard.



Descriptive catalogue




Copper alloy wire. A curved section of wire with brown patina that has flaked away at one end for a length of 20mm. Neat breaks at either end, which have oval cross sections.




Length: 60mm (soft tape measure); oval cross section: 4mm by 3mm; Weight: 6.8g




Fragment of socketed copper alloy instrument. Section from the collar of a socketed tool. A casting seam is visible on the exterior surface of the fragment. A similar fragment was discovered as part of the 2010 T442 find.




Length (max.): 31.2mm; Max width: 14mm; Thickness of metal: 2.11mm; Weight: 5g




Hollow copper alloy fitting. Incomplete, in five fragments (Nos. i - v), with highly polished exterior surfaces with green/brown patina. The fragments belong to an annular ring with semi-circular cross-section. 



The interior surfaces are relatively rough and unpolished. The fragments belong to a ring-shaped fitting with internal diameter of c.15.6mm. Other pieces of the same (or a similar) object were discovered as part of the 2010 T442 find.





Fragment i: Fragment. Dimensions: Length (max.): 42.5mm; Width (max.): 30mm; Thickness of sheet: 1.7 - 2.2mm; Weight: 9.2g



Fragment ii: Fragment. Dimensions: Length (max.): 28.9mm; Width (max.): 21.9mm; Thickness of sheet: 1.7-2.1mm; Weight: 1.9g



Fragment iii: Fragment with some green corrosion patches to exterior. Dimensions: Length (max.): 22.4mm; Width (max.): 14.6mm; Thickness of sheet: 1.7-2.1mm; Weight: 2.5g



Fragment iv: Fragment, including a portion of the outer circumference of the ring. Dimensions: Length (max.): 21mm; Width (max.): 18mm; Thickness of metal: 1.7-2.1mm; Weight: 2.5g



Fragment v: Fragment. Dimensions: Length (max.): 23mm; Width (max.): 19mm; Thickness of metal: 1.7-2.1mm; Weight: 2g




Copper alloy socketed punch or awl. Small area of damage to mouth of socket, otherwise in good state of preservation. Two perforations at opposite sides of the socket mouth. The socket has two ribs and extends to a stem with four sides that comes to a broken point with a 'blob' of corrosion metal. The object appears to have been a socketed punch or awl.




Length: 70mm; Diameter of socket: 17.5mm; Weight: 26.4g





The copper alloy socketed instruments (Nos. 2, 4) are typical of the Late Bronze Age, as are the fragments of the copper alloy fitting (No. 3), and is a type found in other hoards of this period (e.g. The Great Freeman Street Hoard, Nottinghamshire: Smith 1957, GB. 22, 2(2), No. 16; The Grosvenor Crescent hoard: Colquhoun & Burgess 1988, pl. 174, 9; Wilburton hoard: Ibid., pl. 152, 5; Fincham, West Norfolk: NHER Number: 36176; and the Monmore hoard, Killin, Stirling: Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 185, no. 1045). A similar ring was recently reported as a single find through the Portable Antiquities Scheme (NMS-688046) from Burnham Market and Burnham Overy, Norfolk.



The similarities it shares with an object discovered in the 2010 T442 (No. 8) find suggest that it may belong to the same type of object, possibly the same object. If the fragments of No. 3 do indeed match this earlier object, then the identification of this as probable phalara in the report for 2010 T442 can now be called into question and revised (cf. O'Connor 1975).



The socketed awl or punch (No. 4) is relatively difficult to parallel, although the socketed technology and associations are well known Late Bronze Age features. A similar tool is recorded as a single find from Lea Marshes, Walthamstow (British Museum: WG 1762). Another example is from a Late Bronze Age hoard found near the Pigeon's Cave, on the North side of Great Orme's Head, Caernarvonshire, Wales (Savory 1980, no. 307, 4). Savory raises the possibility that it may have functioned as an awl for metalworking or a spiked ferrule for mounting on the end of a spear (Ibid., 127). The former seems more likely.","On the balance of probabilities, based on typological comparanda and spatial proximity, the objects that comprise this find are part of a dispersed Late Bronze Age hoard that also included finds from an earlier case (2010 T442), and are therefore treated as an addendum to that case.



The find qualifies as Treasure under the Treasure Act (1996), Designation order (2002) based on its status as addendum and in its own right, as a find of two or more prehistoric base metal finds.",4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2013-04-13T23:00:00Z,2013-04-14T23:00:00Z,2013T281,,70,,,,,8,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Stannington,NZ1975,From finder,55.069107,-1.704012,NCL-8E8B52,,,,,,,
559418,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-701,"Probable Bronze Age copper alloy casting jet. Oval, flat upper face (19mm x 17mm, height 13mm), convex lower face with the stumps of two runners. Weighs 10.82g. c.2,350-701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-04-16T23:00:00Z,2013-04-16T23:00:00Z,,,10.82,13,,17,,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Attleborough,TM0393,,52.497109,0.989073,NMS-B9B467,,,,,,,
559447,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"A probable Middle Bronze Age copper alloy 'moustache-shaped' unidentified object. Longitudinal rib on upper edge with possible traces of transverse nicks, transverse median rib flanked by two smaller ribs also with possible traces of transverse nicks, upper edge and midpoint obscured by iron corrosion, remainder of object corroded, surface missing. Height 21mm. Width 41mm. Thickness 7mm. Weight 7.38g. The date of this enigmatic object is uncertain. Examples occurred in the Salisbury Hoard, which contained Bronze Age material but was buried in the Iron Age (Stead 1998). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (see entry for HAMP-C04CC3). Other Norfolk examples have been found in Attleborough (HER 56965, NMS-IF5E55), Barton Bendish (HER 17600), Gayton (HER 16121), Methwold (HER 5235), Runcton Holme (HER 33872), Shernborne (HER 24431), Shouldham Thorpe (HER 39265), Snettisham (HER 24432), Swaffham (HER 29208), see Rogerson and Ashley (2009), 556-7, figs.1-3.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-04-16T23:00:00Z,2013-04-16T23:00:00Z,,,7.38,21,,7,,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Attleborough,TM0393,,52.497109,0.989073,NMS-BAA821,,42806_BAA821_BA_UnidentifiedObject_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Unidentified Object (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/42806_BAA821_BA_UnidentifiedObject_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/428768.jpg
559457,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1001,"Fragment of Early or Middle Bronze axe, i.e. flat,  flanged or palstave, cutting edge, ancient irregular transverse break.  Thickness 11mm. Extant length 25mm. Width 49mm. Weighs 48.68g. c.2350 -c.1001 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-04-16T23:00:00Z,2013-04-16T23:00:00Z,,,48.68,,,11,25,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Attleborough,TM0393,,52.497109,0.989073,NMS-BADDA1,,42806_BADDA1_BA_FlatAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Flat Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/42806_BADDA1_BA_FlatAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/426360.jpg
559829,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,410,"
A complete cast copper alloy awl, possibly dating to the later Bronze Age but more possibly as late as the early Roman period. The awl has a sub-rectangular cross section at one end that may have originally terminated in a flattened wedge-shape, as other examples recorded on this database do. This terminal widens to become more rounded in the centre of the awl with the opposing end tapering to a point. There is some pitting on the surface of the awl which suggests some age, however there is some debate as to the date of such awls, which probably first appeared in the Late Bronze Age but could conceivably have continued to have been made until much later; here the patina does suggests a later prehistoric date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.3,,0.51,,38.25,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Boxford,,,,,BERK-109A95,,2012505.jpg,Bronze Age Awl: Awl,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2012505.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/427312.jpg
559831,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Four copper alloy ingots and fragments of probable Late Bronze Age date c.1100-800 cal BC. This assemblage includes one fragment of a plano-convex ingot, two irregularly shaped fragments and one piece of plate scrap with a central ridge.



Similar pieces of copper alloy are a well-known feature of Late Bronze Age ('scrap') hoards from Southern England.



Conclusion As the objects are, on the balance of probabilities, of prehistoric date and more than two were found together in a single find, this find fulfils the requirements of the Treasure Act 1996.



Dimensions:



fragment 1: length: 39.73mm; width: 31.84mm; thickness: 7.78mm; weight: 30.98g.



fragment 2: length: 41.11mm; width: 34.47mm; thickness: 10.38mm; weight: 27.18g.



fragment 3: length: 39.26mm; width: 32.69mm; thickness: 6.32mm; weight: 31.54g.



fragment 4: length: 47.74mm; width: 33.80mm; thickness: 21.45mm; weight: 102.26g.



Identification by Jon Cotton, Specialist in Prehistoric London.



Kate Sumnall



Finds Liaison Officer for Greater London



Museum of London



11.12.13



Amended: Neil Wilkin



Bronze Age curator



The British Museum



21.1.14",,4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2013T769,,191.96,,,,,4,Jon Cotton,Kate Sumnall,London,Greater London Authority,Barnet,Edgware,TQ1794,From finder,51.632653,-0.310909,LON-10AC83,,Ingots-LON-10AC83-Aug12 copy.jpg,"Four Bronze Age copper alloy ingots and fragments of scrap dating 2,500-700BC.",Museum of London,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/Ingots-LON-10AC83-Aug12 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/480045.jpg
560155,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1501,"Incomplete Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axehead with broken  butt-end, sides expanding and flaring slightly to damaged cutting edge, one angle missing (surviving width 45mm). Body rectangular in section and thickened  at mid-point (10mm), thinning to butt-end and cutting edge. Surface  corroded. Length 71mm. Weighs 146.69g. c.2350 - c.1501 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-04-21T23:00:00Z,2013-04-21T23:00:00Z,,,146.69,,,10,71,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Antingham,TG2632,,52.838075,1.354023,NMS-355281,,58439_355281_EBA_FlatAxehead_ILL.jpg,Early Bronze Age Flat Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58439_355281_EBA_FlatAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/428777.jpg
560220,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"A copper-alloy Bronze Age chisel, with a cutting edge at one end and a hilt at the other. The chisel is broadly triangular in plan and rectangular in cross section. The hilt is sub-square in cross-section and tapers to a point. The blade narrows  from 4.00mm thick to 0.65mm thick at the cutting edge.


The chisel measures 42.20mm long, 9.82mm wide and 4.00mm thick and weighs 4.92 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.92,,,4,42.2,1,Rachel Stammers,Rachel Stammers,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Durnford,SU1034,,51.105214,-1.858547,WILT-366F33,,WILT-366F33.jpg,Bronze Age chisel,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-366F33.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/426871.jpg
560601,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age palstave. The portion which remains is the butt. The butt is a sub-trapezoid in plan, with one broken edge, the longer edge, which is not a recent break. The section is a sub-rectangle with concave lateral sides. The fragment is in fair condition with patches a heavily developed brown/green patina which has some pitting. It measures 15.92mm long, 22.33mm wide and 8.08mm thick. It weighs 9.4g.


The fragment is probably dated to the late Bronze Age (-1150 to -800).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-01T00:00:00Z,2013-03-05T00:00:00Z,,,9.4,,,8.08,15.92,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Tanworth-in-Arden,SP1169,From finder,52.31899481,-1.84004577,WAW-5E4475,,WAW-5E4475.jpg,"Bronze Age palstave butt (section, plan and profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-5E4475.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/426869.jpg
560603,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1600,"The axehead is made from cast copper alloy. The axe is complete, but one corner has been recently broken, but is not missing. In plan the axe is a sub elongated triangle. The butt is rounded, and in profile slightly tapers to a rounded edge. The sides are straight with no flaring outwards of the blade tip. The blade cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical suggesting the axe was functional rather than votive. In profile, lengthways, the axehead curves slightly. The surface of the axehead has an abraded surface with patches of blue corrosion and a large area of encrustation. The patina is a mottled mid grey/green colour. The axe measures 117.99mm long from the butt to the apex of the cutting edge. It is 55.95mm wide from blade tip to blade it, and is 8.08mm thick at its thickest point on the body. It weighs 182g.



The nature of the corrosion, with blue patches and analysis of past flat axes suggest the material is more likely to be copper rather than copper alloy or has a particularly high copper content. The axe is a flat axe, which dates to the early Bronze Age, c. 2000 to 1600 BC. Watson (1993 Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums BAR British Series 233) illustrates similar flat axes, Nos. 115 and 116, but these have slightly more flared blade tips.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-01T00:00:00Z,2013-03-05T00:00:00Z,,,182,,,8.08,117.99,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South West,Somerset,,,ST4871,From finder,51.435599,-2.749461,WAW-5E5FB8,,WAW-5E5FB8.jpg,"Bronze Age flat axe (plan, profile and reverse).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-5E5FB8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/426870.jpg
560976,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A Middle Bronze Age hoard discovered on the 17th of May 2013 in the course of building work. The find consists of ten copper alloy objects, six palstave axes, two spiral finger rings and two 'Sussex Loop' armlets.



Descriptive catalogue 



(N.B. On numbering of the palstaves: numbers in square brackets relate to numbering at time of initial recording. The sequence is largely retained for future reference except for where typological considerations take primacy.)



1. Copper alloy Sussex Loop bracelet or armlet. In one piece but broken in two places. Lozengical cross-section. The loop was made from a single, twisted bar with flattened terminals. The metal is heavily corroded on most surfaces and broken in two places. Where the edges of the bar are better preserved, it is possible to identify rows of decorative 'nicks' applied to the corners of the lozenge shaped metal rod.



Dimensions: Weight: 233g; Width: 85mm (approx.); Height: 85mm (approx.); Width of lozenge shaped rod: 9.6mm by 9.9mm; Width of terminals: 10mm



2. Copper alloy Sussex Loop bracelet or armlet. Fragmentary. Lozengical cross-section. The loop was made from a single, twisted bar with flattened terminals. The loop is broken into six fragments (No. i-vi, below), and, unlike loop No. 1, is no longer held together as one piece. The metal is heavily corroded across most surfaces but is better preserved along short lengths of the bar than loop No. 1. Where the original edges of the bar are preserved, it is possible to identify rows of decorative 'nicks' applied to the corners of the lozenge shaped metal rod (i.e. on two of four edges).



Fragment i.) Large fragment of bracelet



Dimensions: Weight: 143g; Width: 88mm (approx.); Height: 75mm (approx.); Width of lozenge shaped rod: 8.9mm by 9.3mm



Fragment ii.) Largest fragment of bracelet; 



Dimensions: Weight: 259g; Length: 80mm



Fragment iii.) Section flattening towards terminal;



Dimensions: Weight: 23g; Length: 65mm



Fragment iv.) Lower arm and terminal of the loop from one of the two arms; Dimensions: Weight: 13g; Length: 55mm



Fragment v.) Terminal fragment;



Dimensions: Weight: 6g; Length: 35mm



Fragment vi.) Terminal fragment (appears to join with fragment v.);



Dimensions: Weight: 2g; Length: 15mm



3. Copper alloy coiled finger ring. Fragmentary sub-triangular or 'D'-shaped copper alloy bar coiled in on itself a maximum of three times, with two circuits achieved between the terminals. The ring has broken into three fragments and has heavy green/brown corrosion and flaking to surfaces. Notches or 'nicks' similar to the decoration of the Sussex Loops (Nos. 1-2), and the accompanying finger ring (No. 4), can be identified.



Dimensions: Weight: 20g; Diameter: 28.5mm; Rod width: 4-4.6mm



4. Copper alloy coiled finger ring. Complete, sub-triangular or 'D'-shaped, copper alloy bar coiled in on itself a maximum of three times, with two circuits achieved between the terminals. Although there is heavy green/brown corrosion to surfaces, patches of the ring surface are relatively well preserved. Notches of 'nicks' similar to the decoration of the Susex Loops (Nos. 1-2), and the accompanying finger ring (No. 3), can be identified.



Dimensions: Weight: 22.5g; Diameter: 29.5mm; Rod width: 4.3-4.6mm



5. Copper alloy palstave ['6'] (Rowlands's Class 2, Group 2, side flanged). Prominent medial rib running from the stop ridge to the centre of the blade edge, with a medial rib also present on the butt side of the stop ridge and runs for c.13mm. The palstave has a relatively rounded butt and is heavily corroded, with soil still adhering in places.



Dimensions: Weight: 295g (with soil still adhering); Length (max.): 131mm; Width of cutting edge of blade: 64mm; Length from stop to cutting edge: 78.2mm; (Max.) Thickness at stop ridges: 24.5mm



6. Copper alloy palstave ['1'] (Rowlands's Class 3). No trace of ribs to blade or butt end, blade edge missing its corner.



Dimensions: Weight: 333g; Length: 153mm; Blade width (surviving): 56mm



7. Copper alloy palstave ['3'] (Rowlands's Class 2, Group 2, side flanged). In two fragments. Prominent medial rib running from the stop ridge to the centre of the blade edge, it is not possible to detect whether a medial rib also occurred on the butt side of the blade due to the extent of corrosion. Heavy corroded.



Dimensions (combination of two fragments): Weight: 197g; Length (of two fragments): c.128mm; (Max.) Thickness at stop ridges: 26mm



8. Copper alloy palstave ['4'] (Rowlands's Class 2, Group 2, side flanged). Possible to detect evidence of a medial rib between both stop ridge and blade edge and stop ridge and butt (for c.12mm). Broken and heavily eroded to butt end of the blade.



Dimensions: Weight: 187g; Length: 118mm; Width of cutting blade: 43mm



9. Copper alloy palstave ['5'] (Rowlands's Class 2, Group 2, side flanged). Medial rib running from stop ridge to the centre of the blade but not possible to detect whether a rib also ran from stop ridge to butt end. Smooth cutting blade showing evidence of use-wear. Both sides of the blade show overlapping/miscast seams.



Dimensions: Weight: 219g; Length: 137mm; Width of cutting blade: 61mm; (Max.) Thickness (at stop ridge): 23mm



10. Copper alloy palstave ['2'] (Rowlands's Class 2, Group 2, side flanged). Medial rib from stop ridge to blade edge but not possible to detect a medial rib between stop ridge and butt, probably partly due to heavy erosion in this area of the blade. Cutting blade is distorted and this may be an original feature.



Dimensions: Weight: 269g; Length: 135mm; Width of cutting blade: 57mm; Thickness (at stop ridge): 25mm



11. Eight pieces of very friable and deteriorated ?prehistoric pottery, possibly from a single vessel and seemingly of the same fabric type. There is a substantial amount of soil adhering to each sherd, serving to hold the friable fabric together in some cases. It is not possible to be confident regarding the original character of the vessel but it has angular white grits.



i. Pottery sherd with solid soil block adhering; Weight: 135g; Dimensions: 60mm by 55mm by 40mm



ii. Pottery sherd, Weight: 21g; Dimensions: 43mm by 32mm by 15mm



iii. Pottery sherd, Weight: 9g; Dimensions: 35mm by 20mm by 10mm



iv. Pottery sherd, Weight: 4g; Dimensions: 20mm by 15mm by 15mm



v. Pottery sherd, Weight: 3g; Dimensions: 10mm by 10mm by 10mm



vi. Pottery sherd, Weight: 1g; Dimensions: 15mm by 10mm by 10mm



vii. Pottery sherd, Weight: >1g; Dimensions: 15mm by 15mm bv 15mm



viii. Pottery sherd, Weight: 1g; Dimensions: 10mm by 10mm by 8mm



Non-associated finds



One additional find was made alongside this hoard:



12. Modern rectangular section of, incomplete, copper alloy tubing with join/seam.



Dimensions: Weight 6g; Length (incomplete): 37mm; Width: 16mm; Thickness: 4.5mm



This item appears not to have been associated with the Middle Bronze Age finds and therefore does not qualify as potential treasure.","Discussion 



At the broadest level, the objects in the Ockham hoard can be dated typo-chronologically to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1100 BC). More particularly, the early palstaves (Nos. 5-10), probably date to the Taunton metalwork phase (c.1400-1250 BC) (cf. Rowlands 1976, 31-2), and possibly to the Acton Park metalwork phase (c.1500-1400 BC) (cf. O'Connor 1980, 53). The two Sussex Loop bracelets (Nos. 1-2) and two spiral coiled finger rings (Nos. 3-4) belong to the Middle Bronze Age 'ornament horizon' of the Taunton and Penard phases (c.1400-1150 BC) (Smith 1959; Roberts 2007).



As their name suggests, Sussex Loop armlets (or bracelets) are found in the county of Sussex, generally within 16 miles of Brighton (White 1991). The Ockham find is notable for having been found in Surrey and is the first certain find from outwith Sussex, to the author's knowledge. Spiral coiled finger rings are known from Southern England: Roberts (2007, appendix) lists ten examples, with recent additions from the 'Near Lewes' (2011 T192) hoard and the 'Near Wylye' hoard (2012 T786). Palstaves of Class 2 Group 2 are found throughout Southern England, with a strong concentration in the upper Thames (Rowlands 1976, map 4; O'Connor 1980, 52-3; see Discussion in Capper et al. for 2011 T192). Palstaves of Class 3 are rarer than Class 2 examples but have also been found throughout most of southern England, with concentrations in Kent and Hampshire (Rowlands 1976, map 5).



A notable feature of these finds is that eight of the twelve hoards include objects also found with the Ockham hoard: either arm-rings (or bracelets), Sussex Loops or palstaves. The most notable of these overlapping composition hoards are the Hollingbury Hoard, Sussex, which included a palstave, two Sussex Loops and a spiral twisted torc (Roberts 2007, appendix, no. 85; Rowlands 1976, 267), and Stump Bottom, Cissbury, also in Sussex, which comprised two Sussex Loops, three spiral coiled finger rings and several additional ornaments (Roberts 2007, appendix, no. 95; Rowlands 1976, 269). The Ockham hoard therefore shares its composition, as well as a unique armlet/bracelet type, in common with ornament horizon hoards from Sussex.



Conclusion



This case comprises of a find of more than two objects of base metal of prehistoric date (Nos. 1-10, above) and therefore qualifies as Treasure under the Treasure Act (1996), Designation Order (2002). The associated ceramic finds probably from one vessel (No. 11, above) also qualify as Treasure by association with the metalwork as it was probably deposited at the same time as part of a 'hoard' deposit.



Bibliography 



O'Connor, B. 1980. Cross-Channel relations in the later Bronze Age. BAR International Series 91.



Rowlands, M. J 1976. The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain. British Archaeological Reports 31 (ii)



Roberts, B. 2007. 'Adorning the living but not the dead: a reassessment of Middle Bronze Age ornaments in Britain', Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 73, 135-167



Smith, M.A. 1959. 'Some Somerset hoards and their place in the Bronze age of Southern Britain', Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 25, 144-87



White, S. 1991. 'A Sussex Loop from Patching, West Sussex', Sussex Archaeological Collections, 129 (1991), 239-40",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Building work,,,2013T316,,,,,,,10,Neil Wilkin,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Ockham,TQ0756,Generated from computer mapping software,51.293088,-0.466825,SUR-B41DB6,,IMG_5264.JPG,Bronze Age: Hoard. The scale is one foot long.,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/IMG_5264.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/473094.jpg
561581,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot, probably originally circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this fragment is rectangular in plan, square in profile and triangular in section, as it likely comes from the centre of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The upper face and base of the ingot are smooth with some dark green patches of patina, and the sides of the fragment have ridges and cavities typically seen in the sections of these bun ingots. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), the neighbouring parish, which was found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.


Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, PLate 36, Nos.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork, and an ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers, Torbay on page 457, Plate 40, No.306b, which was found with a larger plano-convex ingot.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-25T00:00:00Z,,,,96.65,30,,,37,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Sennen,SW3726,GPS (from the finder),50.075799,-5.677208,CORN-CDBF61,,May2013finds52.JPG,ingot fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/May2013finds52.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/427348.jpg
562875,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,410,"11 pieces of copper metal working waste of uncertain date, probably from Bronze Age to Roman. The presence of this material suggests that bronze objects have been manufactured here and possibly broken copper alloy items were being recycled. Sadly no precise findspot was recorded. One piece displays a bright blue deposit whilst the rest are more turqouise. Two pieces (bottom right and one above that) appear to be casting sprues suggesting items were being manufactured on site.",,4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,11,Lindsey Bedford,Lindsey Bedford,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Beedon,SU4878,Centred on field,51.498909,-1.309909,PUBLIC-A44592,,copper working slag.jpg,copper casting waste,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/Linz/copper working slag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/428363.jpg
562892,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"A complete Early Bronze Age cast copper-alloy late flanged axe (c. 1700-1500 BC). The blade of the axe is slightly flared to the blade tips, and the blade cutting edge is a deep symmetrical convex shape. The cutting edge is rounded due to abrasion. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the flange facets. Body and haft end of the axe has almost straight sides which taper slightly at the butt, which is straight at the terminal. One face is possibly decorated at the junction of the body and blade, just within the facets, in the form on at least three short linear notches. However, there is a possibility this is damage from antiquity. The body of the axe has shallow (2.92mm deep) rounded flange facets, therefore in profile the facet sides are a pointed oval and taper down at the butt. The flange top/crests are in-turned therefore the width between the crests is narrower than the base. The surface has large patches of a green/brown coloured patina with areas of the surface missing, but not recently, and one patch of active corrosion. It is in a fair condition. The axe measures 147.36mm long, 53.71mm wide from one blade tip to the other, and 24.06mm thick across the apex of the facets. It weighs 471.4g.



Ben Roberts (University of Durham) comments that the axe is a 'late flanged axe rather than a palstave which would date it to the latter part of the Early Bronze Age (c. 1700- 1500 BC)'. (pers comm). This type of axes are distributed across Britain, and few have been found in a datable context, therefore making it difficult to date them with accuracy (late flanged axe rather than a palstave which would date it to the latter part of the Early Bronze Age (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/axes).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-01T00:00:00Z,2013-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,471.4,,,24.06,147.36,1,Ben Roberts,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Rushwick,SO8155,From finder,52.1929072,-2.27937017,WAW-BA7221,,WAW-BA7221.jpg,"Bronze Age flat axe transitional palstave (plan, profile, plan and profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-BA7221.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/428439.jpg
562997,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy (bronze) axe most probably from a palstave of Middle Bronze Age date, circa 1500-1150 BC.   The blade is broken below the stop ridge and there is no evidence to suggest whether this fragment is from a looped - or unlooped palstave variant. The break is worn and patinated suggesting that it has been damaged in antiquity; only the lower blade of the axehead survives.  A casting error is present on one flange. The edge of one of the flanges has been flattened with the re-set copper alloy forming a lip.  The fragment has an irregular form in plan with the sides gently widening away from the slightly concave broken edge and terminating in asymmetrical flares due to the manufacturing error.  The cutting edge is lost but retains its convex form.  The fragment is sub-triangular in section.  The section at the break is sub-rectangular.  The surface of the fragment is heavily abraded with pitting and patches of light green patina.   There is no evidence of rib decoration.  Overall, the fragment has a mid green / brown colour. Length: 50.56mm.  Width: 43.82mm.  Thickness at broken end: 16.29mm.  Weight: 112.4g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-10T00:00:00Z,,,,112.4,,,16.29,50.36,1,Eloise Markwick,Eloise Markwick,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Irthlingborough,SP9369,From finder,52.311245,-0.637262,WMID-CAEA06,,WMID-CAEA06.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eloisemarkwick/WMID-CAEA06.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/429874.jpg
563109,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, round-sectioned (5mm) pointed end and narrowed and tapering rectangular-sectioned tang. Length 70.5mm. Tang 3.5mm x 3mm in section. Weighs 5.34g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-04-07T23:00:00Z,2013-05-12T23:00:00Z,,,,,5,3,70.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Narborough,TF7310,,52.660117,0.556515,NMS-DDC067,,51091_DDC067_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/51091_DDC067_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/433709.jpg
563825,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Beads, ingots and molten fragments which may, on the balance of probabilities, be considered as an addendum to an earlier find (2008 T454), which included copper alloy objects from the same area as a scattered Late Bronze Age hoard found before 7 July 2008 (PAS-9474B1, 2008 T454).



1. Awl, incomplete, with most of the tang absent, perhaps through miscasting. The cross-section of the pointed part is sub-square at the start, becoming round before the point. Weight 2.68g. Length 35mm. Width 4.5mm.



2. Awl, incomplete, with most of the tang absent. The cross-section of the pointed part is sub-square at the start, becoming round before the point. Weight 3.63g. Length 28mm. Width 5.5mm.



3. Awl, with tang of irregular hexagonal cross-section and very short round-sectioned point. The tang is at its widest at its hollow end (4 x 2mm) .Weight 2.09g. Weight 3.84g. Length 31mm, of which the point comprises only 8mm.



4. Awl, rectangular-sectioned tang only. Weight 3.85g. Length 31mm. Width 5.7mm.



5. Fragment of a socketed tool with a moulded groove on the exterior below the mount. Weight 9.15g. Length 29mm.



6. Lower part of a socketed chisel with curved cutting edge. There is much distortion around the break. Weight 35.97g. Length 44mm. Width 37mm.



7. Fragment of two-edged knife, both ends broken. Weight 8.94g. Length 36mm. Width 4 - 6.3mm. Thickness 3.8mm.



8. Bead, annular with off-centre aperture and very fine encircling rib or casting seam. Weight 2.16g. Diameter 12mm. Thickness 3.4 - 4.3mm. Hole diameter 6mm.



9. Bead, annular, bi-convex, with rib or casting seam around one third of the exterior and a groove around one quarter, the two separated by plain areas. Weight 2.37g. Diameter 10 - 11.5mm. Thickness 5.3mm. Hole diameter 5.5mm.



10. Incomplete ingot, sub-rectangular, one edge broken, flat-sectioned, one face covered with irregular moulded striations. Weight 18.83g. Length 37.5mm. Width 29mm. Thickness 2.5mm.



11. End fragment of rectangular sectioned ingot. The end is convex and there are hammer marks on one broad face. Length 14.5mm. Width 23.3mm. Thickness 8.5mm.



12. Ingot of irregular cross-section narrowing towards both ends. There are hammered facets overall apart from a shallow concavity running the full length. Weight 16.56g. length 42.5mm. Width 10mm. Thickness 7.2mm.



13. Ingot, a slightly curving bar of triangular cross-section. Weight 10.18g. Length 33.5mm. Width 11.5mm. Thickness 6mm.



14. Twenty-three fragments of solidified molten copper alloy, ranging in weight from 0.69 to 26.72g. Combined weight 120.90g.



Discussion: The combination of (socketed) tools, awls and ingot fragments suggests that this represents a Late Bronze Age (c.1000 - 700 BC) hoard. It shares some features in common with a previous hoard of Late Bronze Age metalwork (2008 T454), including the presence of socketed tools and ingot fragments.",,3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2013-04-08T23:00:00Z,2013-05-06T23:00:00Z,2013T374,,,,,,,36,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,West Acre,TF7816,Generated from computer mapping software,52.712382,0.633602,NMS-1FB7C5,,31075_1FB7C5_LBA_Hoard_1.jpg,Late Bronze Age Hoard.,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/31075_1FB7C5_LBA_Hoard_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/429669.jpg
564356,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,,,-1600,-1500,"An Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axe head. In section, the axe head is lenticular in shape. In plan, the axe head is roughly triangular in shape; the butt end is narrow and has a rounded end, and the sides flare out towards the cutting edge. The cutting edge is cresentic in shape. There are signs of wear on the cutting edge, suggesting it has been used. There are also file marks visible on the surface of both faces, suggesting that the blade has been re-sharpened on the surface. Overall, the surface patina is smooth and dark green. A similar example, found in Dorset, can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database (DOR-422514), this example was compared to the Arreton Park metalwork assemblage by Kevin Leahy, and dated to 1600 to 1500 BC. As the Devon example has a similar form, it may be attributed to a similar date. Length: 155mm; Width of blade: 80mm; Width of butt end: 23mm; Thickness (at thickest point in middle): 10mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2011-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Torbay,Torbay,Churston-with-Galmpton,SX8957,Centred on field,50.40236128,-3.56324672,DEV-76F361,,Alan Miller flat axe.jpg,Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/Alan Miller flat axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/431192.jpg
565100,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Bronze age copper alloy small spearhead, 52mm long, 12mm wide and 9mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 14.13grams. The spearhead has a conical open shaft, (9mm in diameter)  which very gently tapers into an integral wide central mid rib running down a leaf shaped blade. This then drops sharply near the upper end to accommodate the thin blade. The edges of the blade and rib are damaged but are largely intact. The shaft is damaged, missing most of its length including the fixing hole. The section that remains has two sub-linear depressions, aligned parallel to the base, sitting on each side of the shaft, below the blade, possibly to aid fixing?  The object has an unusually short profile and wide shaft/ridge.


Dr Richard Davis has examined this object and has provided the following information,

This spearhead has a number of  interesting and rare attributes.
 
Firstly the decorative cuts on  the side of the socket. A number of side looped spearheads from the MBA have  such cuts. Drawings of these can be seen in my volume in the PBF series (Davis, R.  2012. The Early and Middle  Bronze Age spearheads of Britain. [PBF V.5]. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner).    These are no. 227 Rossington, no 276 Matlock Bath, no 307 Irlam, no 347  Waddingham, no 381 Malham Dale, no 413 Cressbrook, no 629 Eyemouth.   No 594  Harpur Hill has crosses rather than horizontal cuts. You can see that  distribution of this attribute is centred on the Peak District.
 
A couple of other points are of  interest. The midrib ends shortly below the tip, and the blade flattens at this  point. This is characteristic of the kite blade, side looped spearheads (my  Group 3) and the spearheads with wide blade, side loops and shortened midrib (my  Group 5). Both of these groups are dated to the Acton Park phase.
 
The spearhead is very short at   52mm remaining, possibly around 70mm when complete. There were some short  spearheads in the MBA, and they had rounded kite shaped blades. Examples are my  no. 151 from Nottingham at 78mm in length and no. 153 Swindon at 68mm in length.  Again these can be dated to the Acton Park phase.
 
In summary it is possible that  this spearhead originally had side loops on the lower part of the socket, which  have now broken off. This would be dated to the Acton Park and early Taunton  phases of the MBA.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2013-05-01T23:00:00Z,,,14.13,,,9,52,1,Kevin Leahy,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Hinckley and Bosworth,Sutton Cheney,SK3900,GPS (from the finder),52.59640132,-1.42567007,LEIC-F0A3B8,,LEIC-F0A3B8.jpg,LEIC-F0A3B8 Bronze age copper alloy spearhead,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC-F0A3B8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/430066.jpg
565214,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1000,"
Fragment of a middle to late Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave. Only the butt remains. The fragment is triangular in profile and has a curved butt. The edges extend to form a narrow ledge at the top and bottom. The break exposes two circular indentations that appear to have been caused by air bubbles formed during the casting process. The presence of these indentations may have caused this area of the axe to have been particularly weak, thus causing the break. The break is roughly straight, but irregular enough to suggest it is not an intentional cut.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,12.31,,,7,24,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Welton,SK9979,From a paper map,53.298714,-0.516003,LIN-02B808,,LIN2013-1048.jpg,Bronze Age axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2013-1048.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/430180.jpg
565878,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy side looped socketed spearhead. The tip and upper part of the spear only. There is a broken side loop on either side of the flared, oval sectioned socket. It is not possible to say what shape the loops were originally. The socket continues to taper to the solid, pionted tip, maintaining the oval cross section to form a prominent mid rib. Flanking the mid rib are two small, outcurving wings. These are very thin.  

Date: Middle to Late Bronze Age - c. 1500 - 800 BC

Dimensions: 67.87 mm x 22.05 mm x 14.59 mm

Weight: 25.98 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.98,,,14.59,67.87,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Cheselbourne,,,,,DOR-30E216,,lowres30E216.jpg,Bronze Age socketed side looped spearhead,Somerset County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/lowres30E216.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/430726.jpg
565914,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Copper alloy casting waste; sprue or jet. The sprue is an inverted conical which is sub-oval in section and has a concave upper edge with a few burst air bubbles on the surface. The tip is elongated and tapers to a blunt broken edge. The sprue has a heavy light green coloured patina. It measures 31.39mm long, 21.03mm wide, 17.02mm thick and weighs 31.7g.


The sprue probably dates to the Bronze Age (-2150 - -800).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-04-26T23:00:00Z,,,,31.7,,,17.02,31.39,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Westbury-on-Severn,SO6913,From finder,51.814764,-2.4511,WAW-320995,,WAW-320995.jpg,"Bronze Age casting waste: sprue/jet (plan, profile and reverse).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-320995.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/430624.jpg
565959,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1501,"Fragment of the miscast butt end of an Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axe. Very small parts of the three edges are present, and at the break there are two very large blow holes. Weight 21.04g. Extant length 29mm. Width 24mm. Thickness 9.5mm. c.2350 - c.1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2013-05-12T23:00:00Z,,,21.04,,,9.5,29,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Wighton,TF9438,Generated from computer mapping software,52.904407,0.883194,NMS-418C66,,3980_418C66_BA_FlatAxehead_ILL.jpg,Early Bronze Age Flat Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/3980_418C66_BA_FlatAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462322.jpg
566320,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A worn and corroded early Bronze Age flat axe. The surface is extensively corroded and pitted. The axe flares to the blade. The axe is rectangular in cross-section at the centre.



Length: 63.38 mm; Width: 38.88 mm; Thickness: 11.45 mm; Weight: 110.29g",,3,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2012-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,110.29,,,11.45,63.38,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Stixwould and Woodhall,TF1665,From a paper map,53.169484,-0.266134,LIN-84A3C5,,LIN2013-1062.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2013-1062.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/430951.jpg
566536,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date - circa 1100 - 800 BC. Only the tip of the axe survives consisting of a curved cutting edge with prominently flared sides. The base of the socket is visible where the body of the axe is broken and taper sin width towards the cutting edge. The remaining portion of the axehead is undecorated and the breaks are worn.

The metal has a dark reddish-brown patina and is worn. The axehead is 28mm long, 41.6mm wide, 8.3mm thick and weighs 14.6g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1100 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.6,,,8.3,28,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Wycliffe with Thorpe,NZ1113,GPS (from the finder),54.512189,-1.831612,YORYM-980C73,,SR0108.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/SR0108.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/432335.jpg
566541,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A copper alloy Early Bronze Age flat axehead, possibly of the Migdale tradition. The axehead is flat on both faces, and both faces show signs of re-sharpening at the blade end. One face has a scar running roughly diagonally across the axehead; this may be a casting mark, or possibly occurs due to later damage. The blade is crescentic in shape. In profile, the butt end of the axe is rectangular with rounded edges. It is not clear if there is a break at the butt end (now worn very smooth), however it is likely that the original overall length was at least a little longer in order for it to be attached securely to a handle. Overall length: 52mm; cutting blade length: 50mm; butt end length: 26mm; butt end thickness: 8mm. The axehead can be approximately dated between 2150 BC to 1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-05-24T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,Teignbridge,Bridford,SX8086,From finder,50.661273,-3.699172,DEV-987893,,Keith Wells flat axe.jpg,Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/Keith Wells flat axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/431146.jpg
566830,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,Butt end of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave. Ancient break. Extant length 14mm. Width 22.5mm. Thickness 6.7mm. Weight 10.9g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-05-13T23:00:00Z,2013-06-09T23:00:00Z,,,10.9,,,6.7,14,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Ringstead,TF7038,Generated from computer mapping software,52.912528,0.526737,NMS-AF11B1,,52642_AF11B1_BA_Palstave_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/52642_AF11B1_BA_Palstave_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/433705.jpg
566940,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy looped palstave with a broad, almost fan-shaped blade. Part of the loop, and part of the haft including the butt end are missing. A casting seam runs the full length of both sides. On both faces below the stop ridge there is a shield-shaped depression from below the top of which a median rib extends as far as the start of the cutting edge. The latter is unsharpened. This complete bluntness aa well as the rounded and smooth quality of the ""breaks"" indicate that this is a casting reject. The angle of the breaks suggests that the mould may have toppled over before the metal had cooled. Extant length 139mm. Width 63.5mm. Thickness 32mm. Weight 390g. c.1400 - c.1200 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-05-13T23:00:00Z,2013-06-09T23:00:00Z,,,390,,,32,139,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Sculthorpe,TF8930,Generated from computer mapping software,52.834358,0.804307,NMS-B238F7,,58492_B238F7_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58492_B238F7_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/433701.jpg
567328,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"
A fragment of the tip of a blade of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age axe of uncertain type. The fragment has a bright green patina.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.31,,,,20.56,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Wisley,TQ0556,From a paper map,51.29346,-0.495498,SUR-FE1092,,13-222.JPG,Bronze age: Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/13-222.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/432203.jpg
568353,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1250,"A copper alloy palstave of Middle Bronze Age date.


The socket is formed by a set of right angled flanges which flank the flat central area and increase in height towards the centre of the blade where they are joined by a horizontal stop ridge. The flanges are slightly damaged along the topmost edge on both sides, with heavy pitting on the outward facing sides of each flange. Immediately below the stop ridge is a shield shaped depression. The blade has inward-bowing sides which flare towards the bottom, the thickness tapering to the point where it terminates in a convex cutting edge. There is evidence of a vertical casting seam along the narrower surfaces of the object with tool-marks indicating that this was filed down during finishing. The presence of a casting seam indicates the use of a two-piece mould in production. The flanges and the shield shaped depression also carry tool marks.


Much of the palstave is heavily corroded and carries a green colouring with patches of bright blue discolouration.


Length: 142.3mm


Maximum width of blade: 61.68mm


Minimum width: 25.08


Maximum thickness: 30.28


Minimum thickness: 3.73mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,30.28,142.3,1,Julie Dawn Shoemark,Julie Dawn Shoemark,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Selwood,ST8148,,51.230867,-2.2735,WILT-BEF273,,WILT-BEF273.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-BEF273.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/432465.jpg
568659,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A copper-alloy awl, probably dating from the Late Bronze Age.


The widest part of the awl is roughly at the centre, from where it tapers in both directions. One side is of subcircular section, tapering to point at the distal end; the other side, which may be a tang, is of rectangular section, bent, and terminates in a wedge-shaped end.


Dimensions: length: 68.4mm; maximum width: 5.2mm. Weight: 7.95g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,7.95,,,,68.4,1,Julian Watters,Julian Watters,Eastern,Hertfordshire,Three Rivers,Sarratt,TQ0499,Centred on parish,51.680145,-0.497181,BH-D64995,,BA_awl_13_78.jpg,Bronze Age awl,St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/BA_awl_13_78.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/432707.jpg
568664,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1900,"A cast copper-alloy flat axehead of the early Bronze Age, dating c. 2000 BC.


The axe is incomplete, consisting of a slightly ribbed blade, with a break removing much of the edge, as well as the base or butt of the axe. The axe flares evenly to the blade, and it is nearly hexagonal in section. The surface has an even pitting.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-01T00:00:00Z,2013-04-16T23:00:00Z,,,82.6,,,15.36,50.13,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Stamfordham,NZ0874,Generated from computer mapping software,55.060418,-1.87629,NCL-D66994,,NCL-D66994.JPG,NCL-D66994: Early Bronze Age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-D66994.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/432710.jpg
568787,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2350,-701,"Sub-rectangular fragment of a possibly Bronze Age unidentified object, rectangular-sectioned. One original surviving chamfered short edge with broad bordering groove on one face. Surviving length 27mm. Surviving width 17mm. 5mm thick. Weighs 10.30g. c.2350- c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-05-19T23:00:00Z,2013-06-16T23:00:00Z,,,10.3,,,5,27,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,TF6806,,52.625763,0.480628,NMS-EB0E02,,58367_EB0E02_BA_UnidentifiedObject_ILL.jpg,Possible Bronze Age Unidentified Object (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58367_EB0E02_BA_UnidentifiedObject_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/434855.jpg
568874,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"A copper alloy Bronze Age awl: The awl is sub-square in section and elongated rectangle in plan which is bent at c. 45° just below the approximate midpoint. One terminal gradually tapers to a blunt point. The other terminal expands slightly in width and flattens in depth forming a rectangular sectioned blade/chisel. This terminal is abraded and is rounded. The surface has an incomplete heavy dark brown otherwise it is abraded. In length the awl is 77.99mm, 5.94mm wide and 5.38mm thick. It weighs 9.3g.


From the PAS website: http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl Awls are difficult to date but most are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). They were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin. Dating and areas of discovery 


Date: most probably 1250-800 BC

Distribution: All over Britain and Ireland


References 



Coles,      J M (1964) 'Scottish Middle Bronze Age Metalwork', Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 97      (1963-4)

    
Rowlands,      M.J. (1976) 'The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle      Bronze Age in Southern Britain: Part ii'. Oxford: British Archaeological      Reports.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-20T23:00:00Z,,,,9.3,,,5.38,77.99,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP2940,GPS (from the finder),52.057628,-1.578452,WAW-FC1522,,WAW-FC1522.jpg,Bronze Age Awl (profile and plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-FC1522.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/433716.jpg
569316,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-701,"Incomplete Middle or Late Bronze Age blade, perhaps from rapier. Pointed oval section with barely defined central rib which flattens at the thicker end. Broken at both ends. Surviving length 59mm. Maximum width 20mm. Maximum thickness 3mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-05-21T23:00:00Z,2013-06-25T23:00:00Z,,,,,,3,59,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Scarning,TF9813,Centred on field,52.678508,0.92747,NMS-407D98,,36634_407D98_MBA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age Rapier (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/36634_407D98_MBA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/434832.jpg
569504,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axehead of Bronze Age date. The fragment is the blade end including the base of the socketed area. It is a tapering rectangle in section in plan and trapezoidal in plan with a worn cutting edge and rounded corners. The breaks at the socketed end are old and worn.

The metal has a dark reddish-brown patina and is very worn. The fragment is 27.8mm long, 44.6mm wide, 11.1mm thick and weighs 43.6g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,43.6,,,11.1,27.8,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Appleton-le-Street with Easthorpe,SE7375,GPS (from the finder),54.165621,-0.883403,YORYM-5574F6,,JCY0070.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/JCY0070.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/433825.jpg
569747,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1600,-400,"A fragment of a copper alloy Bronze Age or early Iron Age unidentified 'moustache-like' object. In plan the object is a drop shape, and in section it is sub- semi circular which is domed on the outer face. The reverse is hollow. The lower half of the outer face is decorated with fine linear grooves and ridges. The upper edge of the object has a broken edge. The object has a dark brown shiny patina which is slightly abraded at the edges on the reverse. It measures 20.2mm long, 11.08mm wide, 7.34mm thick and weighs 2.8g.


These unidentified objects are referred to as 'moustache-like' or 'moustache shaped' objects which are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the early Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, I. M, 1998. The Salisbury Hoard : Tempus ref. 117) and various other finds reported to the PAS which are associated with Middle Bronze Age material. Dr JD Hill (British Museum) feels these objects date to the Iron Age rather than the Bronze Age. Other examples on the PAS database at time of recording are NMS-1F5E55, NMS-F2BA41, SUR-FFD972, NMS-6B7128, SUSS-3AEC48, NMS-00A898, HAMP-C04CC3, WILT-361573, SUSS-3AEC48, DENO-688BF1, WILT-616785, BERK-2DE004, YORYM-1AA0C5, DENO-0E9FA1, BERK-403617, SF9183, BH-A7C6B5, SF-520513, NMS-BAA821, NARC-925E14, BERK-3F46D5, PUBLIC-E9E1C5, and WILT-616785.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-11-05T00:00:00Z,,,,2.8,,,7.34,20.2,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP2940,From finder,52.057628,-1.578452,WAW-83E1E3,,WAW-83E1E3.jpg,"Bronze Age or Iron Age unidentified object (plan, profile, plan, reverse).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-83E1E3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/434045.jpg
570008,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1500,"A complete cast copper alloy flanged axehead of middle Bronze Age date. The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan with a narrow and thin squared butt end which extends to a curved cutting edge with crescent shaped blade. Two large integrally cast raised lozenge shaped flanges are present along the edges of both sides extending from the butt to mid way along the body. The exterior surfaces of the flanges are slightly concaved and no casting lines are visible. Where the flanges terminate a shallow stop-ridge is present on both sides. The axehead is undecorated with signs of wear.

This axehead fits into the Middle Bronze Age phase specifically that associated with the Arreton and Acton Park metalwork assemblages.

The metal has a mid greyish-brown patina and is worn. The axehead is 127mm long, 40.6mm wide at the blade, 18.9mm wide at the butt end, 31.7mm thick at flanges and weighs 239g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.9,,,31.7,127,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Amotherby,SE7475,GPS (from the finder),54.165478,-0.86809,YORYM-D3EFF5,,PD0071.jpg,Bronze Age : Flanged Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/PD0071.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/434162.jpg
570317,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A small fragment from the blade edge of an axe of Middle or Late Bronze Age date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,Leisure Promotions - East Stratton 14.4.13,3.88,,,,24.88,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Micheldever,SU5540,From finder,51.156619,-1.214932,SUR-FDEAB5,,B13-377.JPG,Bronze Age: Axe fragment,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B13-377.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/434503.jpg
570342,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper alloy palstave with raised flange facets dating from the Middle Bronze Age (1500 BC - 1150 BC).


The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with convex expanding sides and an incomplete convex cutting edge. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The sides of the blade are convex in shape. The blade (measured from the cutting edge to the stop ridge) is 96.18 mm long and the width of cutting edge is 56.31 mm. The thickness of the blade tip is 3.33 mm. The maximum thickness of the blade is 17.36mm (measured at thickest part below the stop ridge, the width at this point is 29.15 mm).


The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part at the stop ridge. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is 65.75 mm long, 16.03 mm wide, and 6.73 mm thick. The butt of the axe has been slightly damaged leaving two rounded corners with a gap between. The butt is 25.13 mm wide and 5.54 mm thick. 


The flange facets are fused to the stop ridge forming two sub-rectangular raised elements to haft the axe by. 


In total the palstave measures 166 mm in length, 56.54 mm wide (maximum) and 36.48 mm thick. It weighs 471.1 g.


Several casting flaws in the form of air bubbles are present on the septum. The poor quality of the casting is confirmed by an xray of the palstave which demostrated several large air bubbles within the internal structure of the palstave. XRF (X Ray Fluorescence) of the surface corrosion indicates that the palstave has a composition of 76.24% Copper (Cu), 14.62% Tin (Sn), 0.48% Lead (Pb) and 0.41% Iron (Fe).


The palstave is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface. The palstave has been kindly cleaned stabilised by Aimee Sims (Conservation Department, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery).


Similar examples to this palstave can be seen in Savory, 1980; catalogue entries 171, 172, 175, and 263 (the Mynydd Ta-y-glannau, Cemmaes Hoard). All of these examples fit into the middle phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA II).


Reference:

Savory, H. N., 1980. Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections Cardiff : National Museum of Wales, pp46-47, 106-107, 170-171 and 179",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,471.1,,,36.48,166,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,Wales,Gwynedd,Gwynedd,Llanystumdwy,SH4838,From finder,52.917852,-4.262176,WMID-FE8C24,,WMID-FE8C24.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete flanged palstave (before conservation),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-FE8C24.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/434513.jpg
570863,Hoard,Bronze Age,,,-1300,-1000,"1.	Copper alloy narrow-bladed looped palstave, has a wide central moulding which tapers starting from the centre of the stop ridge and which stops approximately two thirds down the axe blade. The stop is squared and the body of the blade is narrow and only slightly flared. The patina is green overall and runs from smooth dark green to more corroded pitted light green.


Weight: 461.8 g, Max length: 172.28, Length of loop: 28.24mm, Max width: 40.36


2.	Copper alloy narrow-bladed looped palstave (butt broken), has a wide central moulding from the centre of the stop ridge, which stops approximately three quarters down the axe. The stop is squared and the body of the blade is narrow and only slightly flared.  It's patina is green in overall appearance and runs from dark green and smooth to more corroded pitted areas of lighter green.


Weight: 374.8g, Max length: 135.84mm, Length of loop: 30.55mm, Max Width: 39.82mm


3.	Stone fragment with copper alloy staining, has three straight flat edges, two faces which are rough and broken, and is dark grey/green in colour.


Weight: 42.7g Max Length: 52.14mm, Max Width: 20.08mm


4.	Copper alloy fragment- possibly casting waste.


Weight: 29.3g, Max length: 58.67mm, Max Width: 28.16mm


5.	Copper alloy metalworking waste- slag fragment?


Weight: 67.1g, Max Length: 45.12mm, Max Width: 28.70mm


6.	Copper alloy fragment- casting waste?


Weight: 20.9g, Max Length: 41.59mm, Max Width: 30.49mm


7.	Copper alloy metalworking waste.


Weight: 8.9g, Max length 31.60mm, 21.45mm


8.	Copper alloy metalworking waste- possibly slag fragments.


Weight: 20.1g, Max Length: 41.04mm, Max Width: 34.34m


9.	Stone with copper alloy staining.


Weight: 117g, Max Length: 46.04mm, Max Width: 34.05mm


10.	Copper alloy fragment. Light brown green in colour, slightly rectangular in shape, all faces are corroded except for small patch on one face, which is smooth and displays evidence of working.


Max Length: 29.11mm, Max Width: 22.23mm


11.	 ? Fragment of casting funnel, flat bottom with two raised separated sections. Grey green in colour. Has part of a triangular shaped depression on one face.


Weight: 67g Max Length: 34.49mm Max Width: 36.08mm


12.	Hammered gold fragment, rectangular in shape, even thickness, curving slightly at one end.


Weight: 11.4g Max length: 39.55mm, Max width: 11.63mm, Thickness: 1.87mm


13.	Gold bar, coiled, probably destined to be a bracelet. The gold bar is coiled and has an irregular section. The ends of the bar have been worked and are smooth.


Weight: 52.5g, Max Length: 44.13mm, Max Width: 38.77 mm Thickness: 4.85mm


Discussion


The narrow-bladed looped palstaves (also termed Transitional or Late palstaves) dates the hoard to the Penard-Wilburton metalwork phase of the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1300 - 1000 BC) (see Rowlands 1976, 38; Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 158-160). The remaining copper alloy objects are undiagnostic metalworking waste or associated stones. The gold bar is also undiagnostic but the gold coiled bar is paralleled in Middle Bronze Age Towednack hoard, Cornwall (Hawkes 1932) which can also be provisionally dated to the Penard metalwork phase (c. 1300-1100 BC). The presence of this gold ornamentation together with the dating from the narrow-bladed looped palstave places this hoard within the gold phase of the Middle Bronze Age 'ornament horizon' (Roberts 2007). The presence of gold ornaments deposited together with copper alloy palstaves during this period has been recorded in several hoards throughout southwest England such as Winterhay Green, Somerset (Rowlands 1976, 256).


Conclusion

The objects qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).


References


Hawkes, C.F.C. 1932. The Towednack gold hoard. Man 32, 222-39


Roberts, B.W. 2007. Adorning the living but not the dead: reassessing the Middle Bronze Age 'ornament horizon' in Britain. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73, 135-167


Rowlands, M. J. 1976. The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain. British Archaeological Reports 31. Oxford: Archaeopress.


Schmidt, P. K, Burgess, C. B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prähistoriche Bronzefunde IX, 7. Munich: Beck.


Katherine McBride (volunteer)


Ben Roberts

Curator of European Bronze Age",,4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2011T167,,,,,,,13,Ben Roberts,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Dundry,ST5568,From finder,51.40922686,-2.64838433,GLO-6535E4,,Bronzeagehoard.jpg,GLO-6535E4 Bronze Age Hoard,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/Bronzeagehoard.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/440473.jpg
571176,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-750,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axehead of later Bronze Age date (1150-750 BC). The fragment is composed of a minor amount of the lower blade and cutting edge and terminates in an old break situated at the tip of the socketed portion of the blade. The cutting edge is asymmetrical and rounded.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: Unique ID: WAW-DC5037



The metal is a light green with a dark green patina.","The initial records and photographic images were taken at Bishop Burton 2011 Rally. We understand that the images fall below our usual standards, this however is due to the difficult conditions (predominantly the lack of ideal lighting conditions) under which they were taken. The recorder has done what is possible to raise the quality of the images before attaching them to the records.



As these finds were recorded at the Bishop Burton 2011 Rally, the individual recording them onto the PAS Database has not seen them and was not the initial identifier. Therefore for more in-depth, secondary identification, only the paper records written at the Rally and the photographic images were available to assist.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,Bishop Burton 23rd to 25th Sep 2011,44.7,,,9.68,35.22,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bishop Burton,SE9740,,53.84719,-0.527076,YORYM-8ED426,,BB 833.jpg,Soceted Axehead Fragment : Bronze Age,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellie/BB 833.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/435078.jpg
571465,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-600,"
A cast copper alloy Bronze Age blade. The object is very worn and is of uncertain type, possibly a sword tip.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-04-13T23:00:00Z,,,Leisure Promotions - East Stratton 14.4.13,6.98,,,,35.27,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Micheldever,SU5439,From a paper map,51.147723,-1.229379,SUR-A9ACF3,,13-475.JPG,Bronze Age: Blade,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/13-475.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/437579.jpg
571556,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age metalwork hoard.



1. Plain socketed axe of Type Portree - near complete. 



Length 100.5mm; surviving blade width 58.1mm; external mouth dimensions 47.2mm by 38.2mm; weight 276.3g. 



Near complete bronze socketed axe with angular face edges and sub-rectangular cross-section. The loop is missing and there is some peripheral damage to the out-turned blade edge. The axe has an onset collar below the mouth and the axe was cast with mismatching mould halves, the collar on one side being markedly deeper than on the other. The surface has a dark grey-green and black patina, with small patches of light green corrosion around the mouth and along the blade edge.



2. Ribbed socketed axe fragment 



Surviving length 42.8mm; surviving width 23.5mm; weight 27.4g. 



Small mouth and partial face fragment of a ribbed socketed axe of bronze. The mouth has an onset collar. Two narrow raised ribs are visible, descending from the underside of the collar down the long axis of the surviving upper face. The fragment is markedly bent near the lower face break, suggesting deliberate force in breakage during antiquity. The surface displays a dark grey-green patina.



3. Ribbed socketed axe fragment 



Surviving Length 60.6mm; surviving width 23.1mm; weight 55.1g. 



Small mouth and upper body fragment of a ribbed socketed axe of bronze. The mouth moulding is out-turned but poorly defined, the mouth top uneven and imperfectly cast. Two raised narrow ribs extend down one upper face, while a single rib survives on the reverse axe face. The other rib is represented only partially by a short narrow rib on the edge of the break. This fragment has been bent in antiquity, one surviving face section being pressed together against the other, while the lower face break is also distorted inwards. The surface has a grey-green patina.



4. Plain or faceted socketed axe fragment 



Surviving length 37.4mm; surviving width 40.4mm; weight 27.2g. 



Small upper face and side fragment of a plain or faceted socketed axe of bronze. The mouth has an onset and well-defined collar. The original outer face has been deliberately bent inside out, making the original inner socket face convex and appear to be the outer surface, on first view. The surface a dark grey-green patina.



5. Socketed axe fragment 



Surviving length 35.5mm; surviving width 22.7mm; weight 33.3g. 



Small middle face and side fragment of a socketed axe of bronze, with a prominent casting seam. No ribs are visible on the surviving face. The fragment has been forcibly distorted and broken in antiquity and there is twisting and inner face cracking evident. The surface has a dark grey-green patina. 6.-8. Three fragments of a single and incomplete Plain Pegged Spearhead Estimated original length of complete spearhead 270-300mm Combined surviving weight 134.7g. This was originally a large spearhead of Plain Pegged type, with a lanceolate or flame-shaped blade.



6. Spearhead socket and lower blade fragment 



Length 96.4mm; external diameter of socket 25.8-26.1mm; maximum width 32.0mm; weight 67.3g. 



Socket and lower blade fragment of a Plain Pegged spearhead of bronze. The circular socket has slightly convex sides, giving it an external barrel-shaped profile. Two circular peg holes (each 5.5-6.5mm in diameter) are located 34.5-34.7mm from the mouth end of the socket. The spear blade has a pronounced and stepped blade bevel, the blade edge merging with the socket at a shallow and even angle. The lower blade wall thickness varies markedly on each face, suggesting casting imperfections. The break is uneven and occurred in antiquity, creating a small tear on one lower blade face. Areas of bronze metal are evident, with patches of dark grey and dark green patination also present.



7. Spearhead blade fragment 



Surviving length 65.4mm; surviving width 39.9mm; maximum thickness 12.1mm; weight 46.6g. 



Middle blade fragment of a Plain Pegged spearhead of bronze, with a probable join with spearhead tip fragment 8 (below). The spearhead has a prominent mid-ridge, which is lozenge shaped in cross-section, and a pronounced and stepped blade bevel. The fragment is bent at both ends, suggesting deliberate breakage in antiquity. Impact scars on one lower face suggests that the spearhead was bent and broken by being struck with a blunt bladed implement. The blade edges are badly corroded and damaged with pale green corrosion surfaces. The faces have a grey-green patination, one face being well preserved with crisp definition and lustre and the other being markedly rough, with a dull corrosion surface.



8. Spearhead blade tip fragment 



Surviving length 54.2mm; surviving width 23.5mm; maximum thickness 9.7mm; weight 20.6g. 



This is a tip fragment of a Plain Pegged spearhead of bronze, with a probable join with spearhead middle blade fragment 7 (above). The tip fragment has a prominent mid-ridge, tapering at the end to form a solid tip, also with a pronounced and stepped blade bevel. Bending is evident near the break, suggesting deliberate breakage in antiquity. One blade edge and side is badly damaged and corroded with pale green and unstable corrosion surfaces, which also extends across one side of the break point. The surface has a grey-green patina.



9. Penannular bracelet - fragment with terminal 



Surviving length 68.6mm; diameter of terminal 16.7 by 14.5mm; hoop diameter 5.4mm by 5.1mm; weight 22.9g. 



A fragment of a bronze penannular bracelet with an expanded oval-shaped terminal, representing between one third and one half of the original bracelet. The hoop has a near circular cross-section, though with slight flattening along the inner circumference, and was broken in antiquity. The bracelet had an internal front to back diameter of approximately 50mm and it is estimated that it once had an internal side to side diameter of 71-76mm. The bracelet surfaces have a green patina.



10. Ingot or recycled bronze fragment-- near complete 



Maximum height 55.5mm; diameter of base 74.0mm; maximum width 77.4mm; weight 670.4g.



Bronze ingot or re-smelted bronze fragment. The molten metal was cooled inside the base of a ceramic vessel, set into the ground surface at an angle, so cooling into one half of the base and up one side of the interior vessel side-surface. The vessel once had an external base diameter of 105-115mm. The upper cooling surface is rough and irregular, while the underside surfaces have surface vesicles, representing air bubbles in the molten metal as it cooled. The base surface is slightly concave, while the side diverges and become wider with a convex profile, taking the contours of the internal vessel surface. A small fragment of the whole piece was removed in antiquity near the top of the body side. The upper cooling surface has a green patina, while the underside has large areas of light green surface corrosion with small areas of dark-green patina surviving.



11. Plano-convex ingot/cake fragment 



Surviving length 40.7mm; max. surviving width 62.7mm; max. thickness 13.3mm; weight 119.6g. 



Plano-convex ingot/cake fragment of bronze, representing one long-axis end of an irregular oval-shaped cake. The upper cooling surface is irregular and uneven. The lower surface is convex in shape, though uneven with slight flattening near the break, which was made in antiquity. The surfaces have a dark grey-green patination.



12. Single-runner casting-jet - complete 



Maximum height 29.1mm; top surface diameter of reservoir 35.2mm by 27.2mm; length of runner 13.7 mm; max. width of runner 12.5mm; weight 50.6g. 



A complete single-runner casting-jet of bronze. The reservoir is oval shaped in surface plan with a near flat upper surface. The reservoir tapers inwards steeply with a convex form on one side and a concave form on the other. A single, narrow and prominent runner extends from the central base of the reservoir aligned parallel with the long-axis of the reservoir. The surfaces have a dark grey-green patination.



13. Single-runner casting-jet - complete 



Maximum height 31.4mm; top surface diameter of reservoir 30.2mm by 23.3mm; length of runner 6.5mm; width of runner 21.1mm; weight 50.5g. 



A complete single-runner casting-jet of bronze. The reservoir is oval shaped in surface plan with a rough, uneven and concave upper surface. The reservoir tapers inwards at the underside with a straight to slightly convex profile. A wide and single runner extends from under the base of the reservoir, being the same width as the base width of the reservoir. The runner has been snapped off just a short distance (6.5mm) from the reservoir base. The surfaces have a dark grey-green patination.



14. Small single-runner casting-jet - complete 



Maximum height 16.0mm; top surface diameter of reservoir 23.5mm by 19.2 mm; weight 13.9g. 



A small single-runner casting-jet of bronze. The reservoir is oval shaped in surface plan, with a rough, uneven upper surface, with a significant hollowing at its centre. The reservoir tapers inwards at the underside with a slightly convex profile. Prominent but thin seams of metal have extruded between joins in the upper mould and parallel with the long axis of the jet. The reservoir has been snapped off near its base, with no clear runner stub evident. The surfaces have a dark grey-green patination.



15. Four-runner casting-jet - half fragment 



Maximum height 27.1mm; top surface length 52.2mm; maximum surviving width 24.8mm; length of runners 19.1mm & 13.8mm; maximum width of runners at base 13.2 & 13.4mm; weight 47.2g. 



Half fragment of a large four-runner casting jet of bronze, created during the casting of a South Wales type socketed axe. The reservoir is oval shaped in surface plan with a rough and uneven upper surface. The reservoir tapers and is shallow with a central perforation and uneven depth, deepest in proximity to the two surviving runner stubs. The runners are wide and prominent. Both runners are broken below the base of the reservoir. The break lines have even corrosion suggesting they occurred in antiquity. The surfaces have a dark grey-green patination.



16. Dried out wood fragments (3) 



Surviving lengths: 56.3mm, 44.9mm & 32.7mm; maximum surviving widths 11.0mm, 11.8mm & 14.7mm; weights 1.1g, 0.6g & 0.4g (combined 2.1g). 



Three small and elongate wood fragments, showing severe shrinking, cracking and warping, due to the drying out process inevitably speeded up by the removal of the wood from its burial context. Careful inspection under the microscope reveals no visible evidence of working and shaping of the wood, however the drying out and shrinking process hinders the identification of possible shape, form and working evidence. The wood fragments merit retaining and safe care as material for possible future radiocarbon dating samples and the potential for independent absolute dating of the burial of the hoard.



Metallurgical analysis (Mary Davis) 



Qualitative and non-destructive surface analysis was undertaken using a Bruker TRACeR III-SD hand-held X-ray fluorescent spectrometer (HHXRF) with a rhodium tube, and a titanium/aluminium filter. The readings were taken with 40 kV and 3A for 100 live seconds. There was no surface preparation of the artefacts; the relatively high kV setting would have allowed penetration of the X-rays through corrosion layers, and resulting spectra could be compared with those from similar artefacts, but would not allow for the production of quantitative data.



Results: The ingot or recycled bronze fragment (No. 10) and plano-convex ingot or cake fragment (No. 11) were both found to be of leaded bronze in composition.","Discussion (Adam Gwilt & Simone L Johnson)



The fifteen metal artefacts within this hoard grouping are of Late Bronze Age date with a combination of types represented indicating they were buried during the Ewart Park phase, dating to between 1000-800BC (Needham 1996; Needham et al 1997).



The near complete socketed axe (No. 1) most resembles a plain form known as Type Portree, which has a flaring onset collar, with a sub-rectangular body section, with concave sides and an expanded cutting edge (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 184). Parallel examples have been found within secure Ewart Park hoards from Pendoylan, Vale of Glamorgan and Llanddewi Rhydderch, Monmouthshire (Savory 1980, 120, Cat. 276 & Fig. 41; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 187; Green 1985, 276-80, Fig. 5 & Pl. 5; Northover unpublished, H.79 & H.119). Plain socketed axes of slightly different forms have also been found within a further eleven hoards from Wales with secure Ewart Park associations, including the Myddfai, Carmarthenshire, Margam, Neath-Port Talbot and Freshwater West, Pembrokeshire hoards (Briggs & Williams 1995, 46 & Fig. 4.1; Northover unpublished H. 38, 76 & 140; Wear unpublished). It is possible that the plain or faceted socketed axe fragment (No. 4) could be another example of Type Portree, however it is not entirely diagnostic and could equally have once belonged to a faceted axe of Type Gillespie (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 191).



Two socketed axe fragments belonged to ribbed socketed axes (Nos. 2 & 3), however insufficient survives to identify them with certainty to type. However, the narrow but pronounced collars, without upper or lower mouldings and parallel ribs, suggest that these fragments once probably belonged to South Wales Type or South Wales Variant socketed axes (e.g. Savory 1980, 120-2; Needham 1981; 1990, 38-41; Northover unpublished, 259). This probable attribution is further strengthened by the four-runner casting jet (No. 15) which was definitely created during the casting of a South Wales Type socketed axe, a four-runner casting technology being a distinctive and diagnostic technology for this particular socketed axe form (Needham 1981, 27; Northover unpublished, 259). South Wales type socketed axes are a frequent and dominating element within Ewart Park hoards across south east Wales (Savory 1980, 49, 120-2; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004), though they are also frequent smaller presences in contemporary hoards across mid and north-east Wales, south western and southern England (McNeil 1973, 61-4; Moore 1978; Needham 1981, 55-66). Six examples have been found in the Myddfai, Carmarthenshire hoard (Briggs & Williams 1995), with further single examples in the Margam, Neath-Port Talbot and Manorbier, Pembrokeshire hoards (Northover unpublished H. 76; Wear unpublished; Gwilt et al unpublished). Four-runner casting jets have been discovered within a number of secure Ewart Park hoards from south east Wales: St Mellons (Cardiff), Llangybi (Monmouthshire), Tal y Garn 2 (Rhondda Cynon Taf), Cowbridge, St Nicholas and Brigam Farm (all Vale of Glamorgan) (e.g. Stanton 1984; Gwilt 2004; unpublished; Gwilt & Lodwick 2004; unpublished).



The three spearhead fragments (Nos. 6-8) were once part of a single and large Plain Pegged spearhead approximately 27-30cm long. A similar long-bladed spearhead is known in the St Fagans, Cardiff hoard (Savory 1980, 120, Cat. 273 & Fig. 40). The mid-blade and tip fragments (Nos. 7 & 8) are joining fragments, though the mid to lower blade section of this spearhead is missing. Plain Pegged spearheads as an artefact class generally span in date from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age and dating to between 1300-800BC (e.g. Greenwell and Brewis 1909, 463; Ehrenberg 1977, 3, 13-14 & Fig. 1; O'Connor 1980, 100-101, 138-41; Northover unpublished, 271, 283). In Wales, early examples of similar Plain Pegged socketed spearheads are found in the Penard, Guilsfield and Princetown hoards, the first dating to 1300-1150BC and the second and third dating to 1020-920BC (Barnwell 1864; Savory 1965; 1972; 1980, 117-19, Cats. 266, 268 & 272; Figs. 32-8 & 40). However, they become most common as associations within hoards of slightly later Ewart Park date, dating to 1000-800BC. In Wales, there are twelve other known hoards of Ewart Park date which include Plain Pegged spearhead associations: the Ty Mawr (Anglesey), Llandderfel (Gwynedd), Llantysilio (Denbighshire), Pant-y-Maen, Manorbier (both Pembrokeshire), Llantwit Major, Cowbridge (both Vale of Glamorgan), St Fagans (Cardiff), Llantarnam (Torfaen), Llangwm, Glascoed and Llanvihangel Gobion (all Monmouthshire) hoards (Barnwell 1864; Williams 1877; Davies 1929, 368; Griffiths 1957; Burgess et al 1972, 240; Savory 1980, 120-1, Cats. 273 & 281; Gwilt 2004, 132-4, Appendix 1, Nos. 1, 3 & 9; Lynch 1991, 246-9 & Fig. 69; Northover unpublished, H4, 53, 74, 85,108, 121, 141; Gwilt & Lodwick unpublished a; in prep; Gwilt et al, unpublished). The barrel-shaped profile of the socket of the St Ishmael spearhead is a late feature, generally observed amongst spearheads in Ewart Park hoards (Richard Davis pers comm), for example in the Wick Park (Somerset), Heathery Burn Cave (Durham), St Fagans (Cardiff), St Nicholas Llantwit Major and Cowbridge (all Vale of Glamorgan) hoards (Britton 1968; McNeil 1973, 48-9 & Figs. 6-7; Savory 1980, 120-1, Cats 273 & 281, Figs 40 & 42) . The wooden hafts of a number of Plain Pegged spearheads in England have also been radiocarbon dated to the Ewart Park period (Needham et al 1997, 93-8). Therefore, this spearhead is thought on stylistic grounds to date to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000BC and 800BC (Needham 1996, 136-7 & Fig. 3).



The penannular bracelet or armlet fragment (No. 9) may be identified as of British, rather than Irish form, by comparison with other gold and bronze bracelet types (Eogan 1994, 85-88). Its precise characteristics include a near round-sectioned hoop but with a slight flattening of the inner circumference, an expanding terminal with slight inward expansion but more pronounced outward expansion and with a solid, flat ended but oval shaped terminal. This would seem to share characteristics with Covesea type / British Variety 7 and British Variety 9 bracelets (Coles 1959-60; Eogan 1994, 85). In Wales, the two closest parallels are a bronze example from The Breiddin hillfort, Powys and a bronze bracelet in the St Nicholas hoard, Vale of Glamorgan (Coombs 1991, 136-8, Cat. 159, Fig. 56; Gwilt et al 2005, 55, Appendix 3, 13 & 15; Gwilt unpublished). The former has a thicker hoop, but shares a slight internal expansion of the terminal but with a more pronounced external expansion, while the latter has an oval-sectioned hoop and an oval shaped terminal, but expanding equally both internally and externally. The bracelet from The Breiddin was associated with a Late Bronze Age hillfort occupation phase (Musson 1991, 177-8) and was generally associated with metalwork of Ewart Park date (Coombs 1991, 132-41), while the St Nicholas hoard also has secure Ewart Park associations.



Casting jets (Nos. 12-15) only become common discoveries within hoard associations during the Late Bronze Age. These are the excess reservoirs of metal created in the cavity at the top of the mould during the casting process. An early association of a single runner jet within a hoard may be found within the Guilsfield hoard (Savory 1965, Fig. 7.24; 1980, 117-8, Cat. 268 & Fig. 38), dating to the Blackmoor phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1020-920BC (Needham et al 1997, 82). However, casting jets become most common as associations within hoards of Ewart Park date, with thirteen other hoards of secure Ewart Park date from Wales now known to include them: the Penwyllt (Powys), Manorbier (Pembrokeshire), Llantwit Major, Penarth, Cowbridge, St Nicholas, Llancarfan, Brigam Farm (all Vale of Glamorgan), Tal y Garn 2 (Rhondda Cynon Taf), Llantarnam (Torfaen), St Mellons (Cardiff), Glascoed and Llangybi (both Monmouthshire) hoards (Savory 1980, 120-22, Cats. 274, 281 284; Stanton 1984; Gwilt, 2004, Appendix 1, Nos. 3 & 4; 2008; Gwilt & Lodwick 2004; unpublished; in prep; Gwilt et al, unpublished).



Plano-convex ingots (No. 11) of copper and bronze are common components of Ewart Park hoards. Over 40 Ewart Park hoards, mostly from East Anglia, Essex and Kent, reported as treasure between 2003 and 2008 have contained plano-convex ingots (also termed cake ingots and bun-shaped ingots) (DCMS 2004; 2007; British Museum 2008; 2009; 2010). In south-east Wales, the Cowbridge, Glascoed, Llancarfan 1 and St Nicholas hoards have contained plano-convex bronze ingot fragments as a minority element represented within them (Gwilt 2004; 2008). The Manorbier, Pembrokeshire hoard contained eight copper ingot fragments as a major component of the hoard (Gwilt et al unpublished), while the Freshwater Bay, Pembrokeshire hoard included twenty three fragments of plano-convex ingot fragments of copper (Murphy unpublished; Northover unpublished). The ingot or recycled bronze fragment cooled in a ceramic vessel (No. 10) has been shown to be of leaded bronze composition, a typical Late Bronze Age signature and consistent with the other artefacts and the plano-convex ingot fragment. Inclusion of such material is consistent with the frequent inclusion of casting bi-products and ingot material in hoards of Ewart Park date (1000-800BC).



The small dried out wood fragments (No. 16 above) were directly associated with the hoard, having been found next to the near complete socketed axe (No. 1). Although it now proves difficult to detect clear evidence for the deliberate working of these fragments, in part dues to the drying out process, nevertheless it may be possible to identify the species of the wood through micro-sampling and microscopy work. In addition, this organic material could provide valuable radiocarbon dating samples, in order to gain independent dating evidence for the burial of the hoard.



The archaeological findspot investigation, undertaken with the assistance of the finder, enabled the details of the reported depths and an account of the relative positioning of artefacts to be clarified. Hand excavation of a test pit over the location of the rediscovered findspot indicated that the metal detector pit, created when the artefacts were retrieved from the ground, had removed all evidence of the original burial context. No further artefacts were discovered during the archaeological investigation. However, the base of a small pit feature was discovered adjacent to the location of the hoard. This contained an undisturbed fill incorporating occasional flecks of charcoal - suggesting human activity rather than being naturally derived. The evidence suggests that the hoard was originally buried as a single closed deposit of directly associated artefacts in a single small pit, one of a pair of isolated pits, seemingly located remote from any known Late Bronze Age settlements. A search of the Heritage Environment Record for the locality indicated the existence of possible Bronze Age standing stones a few hundred metres to the north east of the findspot, although their prehistoric date remains questionable (Marion Page pers comm). However, it seemed probable that the siting of the hoard was, in part, selected for its landscape location, with its dramatic coastal views.



References



Barnwell, E.L. (1864) Bronze Implements, Archaeologia Cambrensis 10(3rd series), 212-31.



Briggs, C.S. & Williams, G.H. (1995) The Late Bronze Age Hoard from Allt Gelli Felen, Myddfai, Carmarthenshire and other recent finds of South Welsh axes, Archaeologia Cambrensis 143, 37-51.



British Museum (2008) Treasure Annual Report 2005/6, London: The British Museum.



British Museum (2009) Portable Antiquities and Treasure Annual Report 2007, London: The British Museum.



British Museum (2010) Portable Antiquities and Treasure Annual Report 2008, London: The British Museum.



Britton, D. (1968) Late Bronze Age Finds in the Heathery Burn Cave, Co. Durham, Inventaria Archaeologica; Great Britain; 9th set: GB.55, London: The British Museum.



Burgess, C., Coombs, D. & Davies, D.G. (1972) The Broadward Complex and Barbed Spearheads, In F. Lynch & C. Burgess (eds.), Prehistoric Man in Wales and the West; Essays in honour of Lily F. Chitty, Bath: Adams & Dart, 211-83.



Coles, J.M. (1959-60) Scottish Late Bronze Age Metalwork: Typology, Distributions and Chronology, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 93, 16-134.



Coombs, D. (1991) Bronze Objects, In C.R. Musson 1991, 132-41.



Davies, E. (1929) The Prehistoric & Roman Remains of Denbighshire, Cardiff: William Lewis.



DCMS (2002) The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



DCMS (2004) Treasure Annual Report 2003, London: Department for Culure, Media and Sport.



DCMS (2007) Treasure Annual Report 2004, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



Ehrenberg, M.R. (1977) Bronze Age Spearheads from Berks, Bucks and Oxon, British Archaeological Reports 34, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.



Eogan, G. (1994) The Accomplished Art; Gold and Gold-Working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c. 2300-650BC), Oxbow Monograph 42, Oxford: Oxbow Books.



Green, H.S. (1985) Some Recent Finds of Bronze Age Antiquities from Wales, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 32 (III), 275-82.



Greenwell, W. & Brewis, W.P. (1909) The Origin, Evolution and Classification of the Bronze Spearhead in Great Britain and Ireland, Archaeologia 61, 439-72.



Griffiths, W.E. (1957) The Pant-y-Maen Bronze Hoard, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 17(II), 118-24.



Gwilt, A. (2004) Late Bronze Age Societies (1150-600BC); Tools and Weapons, In M. Aldhouse-Green & R. Howell (eds.), The Gwent County History Volume I; Gwent in Prehistory and Early History, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 111-39.



Gwilt, A. (2008) 1223. Llancarfan, Vale of Glamorgan, Late Bronze Age hoard (05.15), In British Museum 2008, 221.



Gwilt, A. (unpublished) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from St Nicholas, Vale of Glamorgan, unpublished catalogue manuscript.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. (2004) 403. Llangybi, Monmouthshire: Bronze Age axe blade fragment and bronze casting-jet for axe (2004 T345; 03.17), Treasure Annual Report 2003, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 170.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. (unpublished) The Cowbridge Hoard, unpublished catalogue manuscript.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. (in prep) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Llantarnam, Torfaen (Treasure Case 11.16), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Kucharski, K., Silvester, R. &Davis, M. (2005) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevalyn Farm, Rossett, Wrexham, Studia Celtica 39, 27-61.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M., Schlee, D. Poucher, P. & Davis, M. (unpublished) A Late Bronze Age hoard from Manorbier, Pembrokeshire ( Treasure Case 10.12 Wales), unpublished treasure report.



Lynch, F. (1991) Prehistoric Anglesey, Llangefni: The Anglesey Antiquarian Society (2nd edition).



McNeil, R. (1973) A Report on the Bronze Age Hoard from Wick Park, Stogursey, Somerset, Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 117, 46-64.



Moore, C.N. (1978) The South Welsh Axe: Its Origins and Distribution, Archaeological Journal 135, 57-66.



Murphy, K. unpublished Freshwater West, Dyfed; Bronze Age Hoard. Dyfed Archaeological Trust record number 14393.



Musson, C.R. (1991) The Breiddin Hillfort; A later prehistoric settlement in the Welsh Marches, CBA Research Report 76, London: Council for British Archaeology.



Needham, S. (1981) The Bulford-Helsbury Manufacturing Tradition; The production of Stogursey socketed axes during the later Bronze Age in Southern Britain, British Museum Occasional Paper No 13.



Needham, S.P. (1990) The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork; An analytical study of Thames Valley metalworking in its settlement context, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 70



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, 121-40.



Needham, S. Ramsey, C.B., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C. & Pettitt, P. (1997) An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme, Archaeological Journal 154, 55-107.



Northover, J.P. unpublished Bronze Age Metalwork from Wales and The Marches. Unpublished manuscript and catalogue.



O'Connor, B. (1980) Cross-Channel Relations in the Later Bronze Age, Oxford: BAR International Series 91 (2 vols.)



Savory, H.N. (1965) The Guilsfield Hoard, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 21(II), 179-96.



Savory, H.N. (1972) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Princetown (Mon.), Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 25(I), 92-7.



Savory, H.N. (1980) Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. IX.7; München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Stanton, Y.C. (1984) The Hoard of South Wales or 'Stogursey' Axes from St Mellons, South Glamorgan: A Preliminary Statement, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 31(III), 191-5 & Pls. I-II.



Wear, S.L. (unpublished) Recent Finds of Bronze and Iron Age Metalwork from Margam Beach, unpublished manuscript.



Williams, W.W. (1877) Bronze Implements and Copper Cake, Archaeologia Cambrensis 8(4th series), 206-211.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2011W10,,,,,,,16,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,St. Ishmael,SN3608,,51.74662995,-4.3770124,NMGW-BA6184,,DH005809_02.jpg,Late Bronze Age Hoard,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH005809_02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/435394.jpg
571695,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-600,"A cast copper alloy square-sectioned tang, 54mm long, which terminates in a rounded wedge. This is probably part of a Late Bronze Age chisel.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.06,,,,54.23,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Elmbridge,WEYBRIDGE,TQ1157,GPS (from the finder),51.301311,-0.409171,SUR-DFA787,,13-492.JPG,Bronze age: Chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/13-492.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/437596.jpg
572196,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1700,"Copper alloy axehead dating from the end of the early Bronze Age period, c. 1900-1700 BC. The axe is a Schmidt and Burgess (1981, pg. 65-8; pl. 30-1) Type Bandon, Variant Swinton, e.g. nos. 347-80. The surface of the axe is corroded and worn and appears to be displaying active copper corrosion, rendering identification of the surface, and any possible decoration, impossible.


The axe measures 84mm in length, 34mm in width and 11mm in thickness. It weighs 78.94g. Such axes were current in the Willerby Wold phase of the early Bronze Age, currently dated circa 1900-1700 BC.","This object was reported to Dr Paul Sealey, of Colchester and Ipswich Museums, and images of the axehead were obtained by scanning the object which were supplied to the FLO for recording. As a result the record may fall below the usual standards for objects reported to the FLO. Dr Sealey states that Early Bronze Age metalwork is rare in Essex, making the find of some interest and importance; in August 2013 the object was donated to Colchester Museum Service by the finder.",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2013-05-22T23:00:00Z,,,,78.94,,,11,84,1,Paul Sealey,Katie Marsden,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,Little Clacton,TM1519,From finder,51.82822309,1.11874264,ESS-36F125,,ESS-36F125.jpg,Bronze Age axe,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kmarsden/ESS-36F125.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/435930.jpg
572333,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"The hoard comprises two associated Bronze Age artefacts:



Plain pegged spearhead fragment



Maximum surviving length 61.3mm; maximum surviving blade width 18.3mm; maximum surviving socket height 13.0mm; maximum blade thickness near break 8.0mm. Weight 22.8g. 



This is the lower blade side and upper socket side of a bronze socketed spearhead. The blade edge has a defined bevel approximately 5mm wide. The interior of the blade is slightly hollowed out immediately adjacent to where the central and circular rib cavity once existed. The blade edge merges with the socket with a shallow and gradual angle, with no nick or break of slope. The even convex curve of the lower blade suggests the spearhead once had a leaf or flame shaped form. The fragment has a dark brown patina and appears to have been coated with oil since discovery.



Single-runner casting jet 



Maximum top surface length 33.8mm; maximum top surface width 26.8mm; depth 23.1mm; length of runner near break 15.4mm; width runner near break 3.9mm. Weight 50.7g. 



This is a single-runner bronze casting jet, oval in plan, with a rough and uneven tope surface. One underside long axis has a near straight profile with a lower inward tapering step, while the opposing side is more steeply undercut, with a slightly concave profile. The underside break is worn and eroded, making it difficult to establish the original dimensions of the casting runner with any precision. The patina is dark green with lighter green edges and breaks.","The plain pegged spearhead fragment can be confidently identified as of Middle to Late Bronze Age date and dating to between 1300-800BC (e.g. Greenwell and Brewis 1909, 463; Ehrenberg 1977, 3, 13-14 & Fig. 1; O'Connor 1980, 100-101, 138-41; Northover unpublished, 271, 283). The shape of the surviving blade edge is consistent with either a leaf shaped or flame shaped blade. In Wales, early examples of similar plain pegged socketed spearheads are found in the Penard, Guilsfield and Princetown hoards, the first dating to 1300-1150BC and the second and third dating to 1020-920BC (Barnwell 1864; Savory 1965; 1972; 1980, 117-19, Cats. 266, 268 & 272; Figs. 32-8 & 40). However, they become most common as associations within hoards of slightly later Ewart Park date, dating to 950-800BC. In Wales, there are eleven other known hoards of Ewart Park date which included plain pegged spearhead associations: the Ty Mawr (Anglesey), Llandderfel (Gwynedd), Llantysilio (Denbighshire), Pant-y-Maen (Pembrokeshire), St Ishmael (Carmarthenshire), Llantwit Major, Cowbridge (all Vale of Glamorgan), St Fagans (Cardiff), Llangwm, Glascoed and Llanvihangel Gobion (all Monmouthshire) hoards (Barnwell 1864; Williams 1877; Davies 1929, 368; Burgess et al 1972, 240; Savory 1980, 120-1, Cats. 273 & 281; Gwilt 2004, 132-4, Appendix 1, Nos. 1, 3 & 9; 2008; Lynch 1991, 246-9 & Fig. 69; Northover unpublished, H4, 53, 74, 85,108, 121, 141; Gwilt & Lodwick unpublished; Gwilt et al, in prep). The wooden hafts of a number of plain pegged spearheads in England have also been radiocarbon dated to this period (Needham et al 1997, 93-8). Therefore, on a balance of probability, this spearhead is thought most likely to date to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 950BC and 800BC (Needham 1996, 136-7 & Fig. 3).





Casting jets only become common discoveries within hoard associations during the Late Bronze Age. These are the excess reservoirs of metal created in the cavity at the top of the mould during the casting process. An early association of a single runner jet within a hoard may be found within the Guilsfield hoard (Savory 1965, Fig. 7.24; 1980, 117-8, Cat. 268 & Fig. 38), dating to the Blackmoor phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1020-920BC (Needham et al 1997, 82). However, casting jets become most common as associations within hoards of Ewart Park date (950-800BC), with thirteen other hoards of secure Ewart Park date from Wales now known to include them: the Penwyllt (Powys), Manorbier (Pembrokeshire), St Ishmael (Carmarthenshire), Llantwit Major, Penarth, Cowbridge, St Nicholas, Llancarfan, Brigam Farm (all Vale of Glamorgan), Tal y Garn 2 (Rhondda Cynon Taf), St Mellons (Cardiff), Glascoed and Llangybi (both Monmouthshire) hoards (Savory 1980, 120-22, Cats. 274, 281 284; Stanton 1984; Gwilt, 2004, Appendix 1, Nos. 3 & 4; Gwilt & Lodwick 2004; unpublished; Gwilt et al, unpublished; Gwilt et al, in prep). Therefore, on a balance of probability, the casting jet is thought most likely to date to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (950-800BC).





To summarise, plain pegged spearheads and casting jets are contemporary in their dating to between 1020-800BC, during the Blackmoor and Ewart Park phases of the Late Bronze Age, although a Ewart Park date (950-800BC) is the most likely, on a balance of probability.



References



Barnwell, E.L. (1864) Bronze Implements, Archaeologia Cambrensis 10(3rd series), 212-31.



Burgess, C., Coombs, D. & Davies, D.G. (1972) The Broadward Complex and Barbed Spearheads, In F. Lynch & C. Burgess (eds.), Prehistoric Man in Wales and the West; Essays in honour of Lily F. Chitty, Bath: Adams & Dart, 211-83.



Davies, E. (1929) The Prehistoric & Roman Remains of Denbighshire, Cardiff: William Lewis.



DCMS (2002) The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales; London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



Ehrenberg, M.R. (1977) Bronze Age Spearheads from Berks, Bucks and Oxon, British Archaeological Reports 34, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.



Greenwell, W. & Brewis, W.P. 1909 The Origins, Evolution and Classification of the Bronze Spear-head in Great Britain and Ireland, Archaeologia 61, 439-72.



Gwilt, A. (2004) Late Bronze Age Societies (1150-600BC); Tools and Weapons, In M. Aldhouse-Green & R. Howell (eds.), The Gwent County History; Volume I; Gwent in Prehistory and Early History, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 111-39.



Gwilt, A. (2008) 1223. Llancarfan, Vale of Glamorgan: Late Bronze Age hoard (05.15), Treasure Annual Report 2005/6, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 221.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. (2004) 403. Llangybi, Monmouthshire: Bronze Age axe blade fragment and bronze casting-jet for axe (2004 T345; 03.17), Treasure Annual Report 2003, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 170.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. unpublished The Cowbridge Hoard, unpublished catalogue manuscript.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M., Schlee, D. Poucher, P. & Davis, M. (unpublished) A Late Bronze Age hoard from Manorbier, Pembrokeshire ( Treasure Case 10.12 Wales), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A. Johnson, S.L. & Lodwick, M. (in prep) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from St Ishmael, Carmarthenshire (Treasure Case 11.10 Wales), unpublished treasure report.



Lynch, F. (1991) Prehistoric Anglesey, Llangefni: The Anglesey Antiquarian Society(2nd edition).



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, 121-40.



Needham, S., Ramsey, C.B., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C. & Pettitt, P. (1997) An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme, Archaeological Journal 154, 55-107.



Northover, J. P. (unpublished) Bronze Age Metalwork of Wales and The Marches, unpublished manuscript and catalogue.



O'Connor, B. (1980) Cross-Channel Relations in the Later Bronze Age, BAR International Series 91 (2 vols.), Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.



Savory, H.N. (1965) The Guilsfield Hoard, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 21(II), 179-96.



Savory, H.N. (1972) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Princetown (Mon.), Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 25(I), 92-7.



Savory, H. N. (1980) Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



Stanton, Y.C. (1984) The Hoard of South Wales or 'Stogursey' Axes from St Mellons, South Glamorgan: A Preliminary Statement, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 31(III), 191-5 & Pls. I-II.



Williams, W.W. (1877) Bronze Implements and Copper Cake, Archaeologia Cambrensis 8(4th series), 206-211.",4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2011W16,,,,,,,2,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,,,,,,,,,NMGW-4D5AC0,,DH005825_02.jpg,Late Bronze Age associated spearhead fragment and casting jet,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH005825_02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/436023.jpg
572343,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-950,-750,"Two bronze socketed axes of Late Bronze Age date 1.0 South Wales Variant Type socketed axe Length 101.0mm; blade width 50.0mm; weight (prior to conservation) 354.9g. This is a complete bronze socketed axe of slender and rectangular form. The mouth moulding is deeper (approx. 10mm), thicker and less outsplayed than is typical of the type and the loop extends from the underside of the moulding. The axe has a sub-rectangular shaped mouth in plan view with four runner scars around the top surface, indicating a four-runner casting technology. The axe has slightly divergent and concave sides expanding slightly near the blade edge. Three longitudinal ribs descend from the mouth moulding down both faces of the axe, on one face being parallel and on the other slightly convergent. Both local prominences and gaps in the ribs suggest the re-use of a previously well used mould set. Casting flashes down the sides of the axe have been finished by rapid hammering, though remain prominent. There is little visible evidence of blade preparation on the one surviving blade bevel, the other original surface having been removed by corrosion. The axe has been deliberately damaged in antiquity and prior to burial, as evidenced by three impact scars, two on the mid-face on one side and one on the mid-face of the other. The shape of the scars suggests impact with another thick bladed implement, such as an axe. The axe has a grey-green patina, with small areas of lighter green patination and corrosion around the mouth and blade edges. 2.0 South Wales Type socketed axe Surviving length 79.2mm; surviving blade width 42.0mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 205.9g. This is a virtually complete bronze socketed axe, which is small and rectangular in cross-section. The blade edge and bevel has been badly damaged and corroded. The axe has an outsplayed mouth moulding and a high loop. The external mouth is sub-oval in plan view however the internal edge is rectangular in shape. Four prominent and un-filed runner stubs protrude around the moth top, indicating a four-runner casting technology. The axe has slightly divergent but straight sides, widening slightly at the balde end. Three very prominent and near parallel longitudinal ribs descend from the mouth moulding down both faces of the axe. Gaps and variable heights and rib definition on one face suggest the re-use of a well used mould piece. The face edges on both faces are slightly raised (though less prominent than the ribs) giving a pronounced angular profile. Prominent casting flashes down the sides indicate minimal preparation after casting by rapid hammering. The blade edge is damaged, though striations on the blade bevels and parallel with the blade edge indicate some preparation of the blade. The axe has a dark green patination, with areas of pale green corrosion around the mouth and blade edge. On one upper face, there are small patches of blue-green corrosion, consistent with possible burning of the axe before burial. These two bronze socketed axes were buried during the Ewart Park pahse of the Late Bronze Age and date to between 1000-800BC (Needham 1996; Needham et al 1997). South Wales Type axes and their Variants were commonly made and used in south east Wales at this time (McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980; Needham 1981). Over 30 hoards containing more than 140 examples are known from this region (e.g. Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004), making it the core area within Britain for their burial in hoards. In Monmouthshire, the Llangwm, Glascoed, Coed Ithel, Llanddewi Rhydderch, Llantilio Pertholey, Llanvihangel Gobion and St Arvans hoards contain examples of these ribbed socketed axes (e.g. Gwilt 2004, 132-4, Appendix 2). A further forty single examples of South Wales type axe finds are now also known from south east Wales, with a further fifteen from the rest of Wales. However, they were also made and used across south western and central southern England, either as minor components of hoards or as single finds. A few examples circulated as far as northern Britain, Ireland and northern France (McNeil 1973, Appendix 63-4; Moore 1978, Appendix I, 61-5; Needham 1981, Appendix, 56-66). The discovery of two South Wales Type socketed axes in close proximity (approximately 2.5m apart from each other), strongly suggests that they were once buried as a hoard in direct association with each other. Their slight dispersal is most convincingly explained as caused by recent ploughing activity, leading to their dislodgement from an original burial context and dispersal into the overlying ploughsoil. Archaeological investigation of the approximate area of the find-spot for the larger socketed axe (No. 1 above) failed to reveal evidence for the recent detector pit, in which the axe was found. However, the recently disturbed upper ploughsoil was observed to be 0.25-0.30m deep here, while the larger axe was reported as found at a depth of 0.17-0.20m . Even allowing for the slight thickening of the ploughsoil caused by recent ploughing activity (i.e. loosening and aeration of the soil), it is likely that the three recent detector pits were all almost entirely restricted to within the ploughsoil layer. This provides additional evidence in support of the interpretation that the axes had recently been disturbed from their original burial context - probably a small Bronze Age pit - and dragged upwards into the ploughsoil during a recent ploughing event.",,3,Copper alloy,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2011-09-30T23:00:00Z,,2011W17,,,,,,,2,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Trellech United,SO5109,,51.77751,-2.71163,NMGW-4D8933,,Axespresentation.JPG,Late Bronze Age associated socketed axes,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Axespresentation.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/436025.jpg
572421,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A bronze socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date and a worked and hook-shaped metal fragment



1. Faceted and socketed axe



(Dimensions: length 91.2mm; surviving blade width 43.6mm; external mouth dimensions 36.8 by 34.4mm, internal mouth dimensions 26.9 by 24.2mm; width below loop 32.8mm; height of collar 18.2mm; depth of socket approximately 67.0mm; surviving weight (after removal of haft fragment but before conservation) 183.9g).



This is a near complete, slender and faceted axe with an octagonal cross-section. The axe has a deep octagonal shaped collar, with a slightly flaring or trumpet-shaped mouth, which is sub-octagonal in plan shape. The loop is placed low down, the upper end emerging from the lower margin of the collar. The sides are near straight but slightly divergent and the blade edge does not widen markedly. A casting seam is evident down both sides of the axe, only partially removed and flattened by hammering or filing down. Striations on the blade bevel, both parallel and at right angles to the blade edge, suggest that the blade was sharpened. Areas of eroded surface damage are evident on one collar face and upper blade, with similar damage also to the blade edge and on the non-loop lower blade side. The axe has a dark brown patina, the eroded surfaces being mid to dark green.



2. Hook-shaped base metal fragment 



(Dimensions: maximum length 57.0mm; maximum curved width 37.5mm; surviving top width 12.8mm; surviving length at top 16.5mm; surviving width 20mm from tapering tip end 9.5mm; surviving thickness 20mm from tapering tip end 6.7mm; internal hollow mouth dimensions 11.5 by 7.6mm; depth of top hollow cavity approximately 9.0mm; surviving weight 40.3g.)



This is a differentially corroded hook-shaped dense base-metal object, with a hollowed out and sub-rectangular shaped top and a tapering narrow tip end with an oval-shaped cross-section. In form and size it resembles the tusk of a pig or wild boar. Original, but now longitudinally cracking surfaces survive on the interior concave curved side however original surfaces are almost entirely missing on the exterior convex shaped side. Microscope examination of the exterior surface suggests a small area of original surface survives approximately 18-22mm from the tapering tip end, indicating that the object was probably originally tapered in shape and not broken or differentially eroded here. The original surfaces have a dark grey black patina, while the corroded surfaces are a mottled light to mid-grey colour.



3. Wooden axe haft fragment (& small wood fragments) 



(Dimensions: maximum surviving length 51.8mm; width at top end approximately 24.0mm; base length 19.0mm; base width 3.1mm; surviving weight after drying 4.3g).



A shaped wooden axe haft fragment, fitted to the contours of the axe socket interior. The haft tapers in the axis parallel to the blade edge, though remains long and narrow at the lower end. The mouth end of the wood fragment has a damaged and concave surface, compression, fragmentation and twisting contributing to the loss of original shape here. This may have occurred recently, when the finder removed and re-inserted the haft fragment soon after discovery, or it could alternatively relate to ancient impact damage to the wood in the socket by a round and blunt ended tool.","Discussion (Adam Gwilt)



The faceted and socketed axe may be identified as of Type Gillespie (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 191-4), equating with Class 9A socketed axes in Ireland (Eogan 2000, 62-81). These may be confidently dated by secure hoard associations to the late Wilburton and Ewart Park phases (late Bishopsland and Dowris phases in Ireland) of the Late Bronze Age, between 1050 and 800BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 193-4; Eogan 2000, 80; Needham 1996, 134-7; Needham et al 1997; Northover unpublished 267-9). In Wales, the Llanarmon yn Iâl (Denbighshire), Llansantffraed Cwmdeuddwr (Powys), Llanddewi Rhydderch and Llangwm (both Monmouthshire), Old Kemeys (Newport), Fairwater (Cardiff) and Welsh St Donats (Vale of Glamorgan) hoards, all of Ewart Park and Late Bronze Age date, contain single examples of Type Gillespie faceted axes (Savory 1980, 120-2, Cats. 276, 278 & 282; Green 1983; Gwilt & Macdonald 2000; Gwilt 2004, 132-4, Appendix 1, Cats. 1 &7; Northover unpublished, Hoards 49,67,119 &145). The survival of wooden haft fragments inside the socket of the axe raises the possibility that the axe was deposited in the ground complete with its haft still attached, although it is equally likely that the haft was broken prior to deposition, with only the socket fragment entering the ground at the time of burial. The wooden haft may be species identified at future date and a wood sample may be taken, from which an independent radiocarbon date for the axe may be obtained.





Careful examination of the hook-shaped tin object suggests it was deliberately shaped as an attachment or handle to a larger object, although the possibilities of it being an unusually shaped adornment, talisman or ingot cannot be discounted. The hollowed-out, widened and sub-rectangular shaped top would appear to have been the point of attachment to a larger composite object, the head slotting into a peg or projecting fitting. Observation of the narrowing end with a microscope gives tentative support for it having been deliberately shaped and tapered, rather than the outcome of differential corrosion and damage since burial. This suggests that it was only secured at one, rather than two ends. It is possible that the tin hook was once the hidden core of a handle or attachment with a sheet or cast bronze outer surface. This may have improved the weighting of the handle and the mode of securing it to the larger object, or it may have been added for reasons more closely linked with the wider meanings and symbolisms attached to tin as a special metal with specific properties. The discovery of the hook-shaped tin object within the same detector pit and less than 18cm from the socketed axe is consistent with a close and direct association. On a balance of probability, this favours their burial together at the same time during the Late Bronze Age, as opposed to being a fortuitous association of an ancient with a tin object of more recent manufacture in historical times.



Tin was an essential metal during the Bronze Age, alloyed with copper to form bronze, with the most likely source of tin being located in Cornwall (e.g. Pearce 1983, 92-7). As such, it would have been an important and valued exchanged material, requiring long-distance transport to bronze casting centres across Britain in some quantities. Towards the end of the Bronze Age, much tin would have been carried alloyed within existing old bronze objects and scrap destined for recycling, however some was also transported as metal fragments of irregular shape and as ingots, although the latter still prove difficult to date with accuracy (Way 1859, 38-40; Smith 1872, 435-39; Evans 1881, 424-6; Pearce 1983, 384 & 407, Cat. 52) and remain remarkably rare archaeological finds.



A preliminary literature search has produced two known Late Bronze Age hoards with objects or fragments of tin directly associated. The Llangwyllog (Anglesey) hoard included a fragment of tin, interpreted as possibly a damaged or miscast ornament, and dates to the contemporary Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800BC) (Stanley 1865; Way 1866; Lynch 1991, 242-6 & Fig. 68; Northover 1997, 250; unpublished 274-86, Hoard 13). The Auchtertyre (Morayshire, Scotland) hoard, comprising a bronze socketed axe, two bronze spearheads and seven penannular bronze armlets, also included four fragments of tin (Smith 1872, 435-9; Evans 1881, 425; Coles 1959-60, 120-1). These were oval-sectioned and curved as if once part of a curved bar or ring, with one illustrated example suggesting it was slightly wider and thicker at one end (Smith 1872, 435). Unfortunately these no longer survive in the collections of the National Museums of Scotland (T. Cowie pers comm.), so their precise form cannot be compared with the hook-shaped tin fragment from Treuddyn. When chemically analysed soon after their discovery, the tin fragments were found to be made of a tin-lead alloy (78.66% tin, 21.34% lead). The socketed axe in the Auchtertyre hoard is of similar form of faceted axe (Type Meldreth, Variant Aylsham) as the Treuddyn example and also of the same date (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 206-7, Cat. 1234). The two socketed spearheads are of Late Bronze Age form and the Covesea type bronze armlets may be equated with the Ewart Park tradition of the Late Bronze Age (Coles 1959-60, 34-5, 54-5; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 206-7 & Pl. 144C; Eogan 1994, 85).



Objects of tin dating to the Late Bronze Age have been discovered in a number of watery places in Britain and Wales and probably associated with votive and religious practice. For example, sixteen tin objects were reported from a votive context near a timber causeway into a watery fen at Flag Fen in Cambridgeshire (Coombs 2001, 291). These included wheel models, purse-shaped ornaments, rings and beads, the former finding close parallel with Late Bronze Age examples in Switzerland (Northover 1997, 250). A further object of possible Late Bronze Age date from this site was a shale bracelet with inlayed insets of 'white metal' (lead or tin) in a zig-zag design (Coombs 2001, 280, Cat. 257 & Fig. 10.10). Recent analytical research of a large penannular gold ring of Late Bronze Age date, held in The British Museum collections, has shown that the gold is plated onto a core of tin, containing 6% lead Meeks et al 2008, 14-17, 23-4, Fig 1.xvii). A decorated grooved strip of tin was discovered near a timber causeway in a wet palaeochannel context, and securely dated to the Late Bronze Age, at Caldicot, Monmouthshire (Northover 1997, 250; Nayling & Caseldine 1997, 265-8). The Caergwrle bowl, in the form of a boat model is made of Kimmeridge shale and has decorative tin insets forming wave and oar motifs, and also applied to the rim as a ground metal, onto which shield motifs could be stamped (Davis pers comm.). These were covered with decorative gold foil. This unique artefact may be dated to the slightly earlier Penard phase at the end of the Middle Bronze Age (1300-1150BC). It was discovered in boggy ground next to the River Alyn near Caergwrle Castle in 1823 and was probably a carefully placed religious or votive gift (e.g. Barnwell 1875; Savory 1980, 127, Cat. 306; Davis 2011). To conclude this rapid overview of tin finds, discovered as fragments, ingots, in hoard associations and in religious watery deposits, a Late Bronze Age and contemporary association of a faceted bronze socketed axe with a hook-shaped tin object is plausible and consistent with the wider evidence.



Further support for the Treuddyn find representing a genuine Late Bronze Age association can be gathered by comparison with the content of two other Ewart Park hoards known within the region. The Llanarmon-yn-Iâl (Denbighshire) hoard, discovered just a few kilometres to the north-west of the Treuddyn find in 1982, comprised two folded gold bracelets, a gold finger-ingot and two gold link fragments carefully placed inside the socket a large faceted bronze axe of Type Gillespie (Green 1983). Similarly, in 2002, a small hoard was found near Rossett (Wrexham) and comprised four cut fragments of Irish gold bracelets carefully placed inside a slender faceted bronze axe of Type Meldreth and associated with a fine tanged bronze knife (Gwilt et al 2005). The repeated association of gold and tin - highly valued Bronze Age metals - with specially selected faceted axes (in all three cases), appears to represent a remarkably consistent and specific regional practice. The account of the discovery of the Llanarmon-yn-Iâl hoard includes the tantalising observation that 'tiny fragments of lead ore (galena)' were also found inside the socket of the axe, but were discarded by the finder at the time of discovery (Green 1983, 384). In the light of the Treuddyn tin discovery, one wonders if the fragments were misidentified and were instead tin, a dense metal with a similar appearance to lead in corroded (white metal) state, although brighter and more silvery than galena or lead in fresh state. The survival of wood in the socket of the axe indicates that the tin fragment was buried next to the axe, rather than being placed within its socket and later disturbed. Whether or not this is true, the association of either lead or tin with gold, and deposited with a bronze faceted axe, suggests that mixed metals, sometimes in raw, unalloyed and unformed state, were valued and deliberately selected as appropriate for burial. Further examples of gold bracelets found carefully cut or folded and placed inside bronze socketed axes are known from Ireland, south Wales and Cornwall giving a shared western British and Irish patterning (Gwilt et al 2005, 42-3) and the north-east Wales cluster is a more specific practice and clustering within this wider pattern. A caveat to this is the observation that the Treuddyn find differs from the other two hoards and the others cited in one respect: here, the tin object was not placed inside the socket of the faceted axe, but beside it, since the survival of wood in the base of the socket occupies too much of the internal cavity to fit the hook-shaped tin object aswell.



The siting of the Treuddyn find, on dry-land at high altitude (295-300m OD) and near the headwaters of the Rivers Terrig and Cegidog, is remarkably similar to the siting of the Llanarmon-yn-Iâl hoard in the upland land-block overlooking the headwaters of the River Terrig and the upper reaches of the River Alyn. These rivers are both tributaries of the River Alyn. The Rossett hoard was found, further east and lower down the River Alyn's course in low-lying land and less than 2km from its confluence with the River Dee (Gwilt et al 2005, 28, Fig. 1). This river associated patterning, adds further plausibility to the suggestion that the Treuddyn faceted axe and hook-shaped tin object are a probable Late Bronze Age association. It lends weight to the suggestion that deliberately selected locations (river sources and confluences), with similar social, cosmological and religious meanings and associations, were chosen for the burial of metalwork hoards in this region and at this specific time during the Late Bronze Age (1000-800BC).





Bibliography



~~References



Barnwell, E.L. (1875) The Caergwrle Cup, Archaeologia Cambrensis 6 (4th series), 268-74.



Coles, J. M. (1959-60) Scottish Late Bronze Age Metalwork: Typology, Distributions and Chronology, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 93, 16-134.



Coombs, D. (2001) Metalwork, In F. Pryor, The Flag Fen Basin; Archaeology and environment of a Fenland landscape, English Heritage Archaeological Report, Swindon: English Heritage, 255-317.



Davis, M. (2011) The Caergwrle bowl, In M. Redknap (ed.), Discovered in Time; Treasures from Early Wales, Cardiff: Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales, 58-9.



DCMS (2002) The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales, London: Department of Culture, Media and Sport.



Evans, J. (1881) The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland, London: Longmans, Green & Co.



Eogan, G. (1994) The Accomplished Art; Gold and Gold-Working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age, Oxbow Mongraph 42, Oxford: Oxbow Books.



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Needham, S. Ramsey, C.B., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C. & Pettitt, P. (1997) An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme, Archaeological Journal 154, 55-107.



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Northover, J.P. unpublished, Bronze Age Metalwork from Wales and The Marches. Unpublished manuscript and catalogue.



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Savory, H.N. (1980) Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. IX.7; München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Smith, J. A. (1872) Notice of bronze Celts or axe heads, which have apparently been tinned also of bronze weapons and armlets, found along with portions of metallic tin near Elgin in 1868, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 9, 428-43.



Stanley, W.O. (1865) Antiquities and Works of Art Exhibited, Archaeological Journal 22, 74 & Fig.



Way, A. (1859) Enumeration of Blocks of Pigs of Lead and Tin, Relics of Roman Metallurgy, Discovered in Great Britain, Archaeological Journal 16, 22-40.



Way, A. (1866) Notice of Ancient Relics Found at Llangwyllog in Anglesey, Archaeologia Cambrensis 12 (3rd series), 97-111 & Fig.",3,Copper alloy,Tin or tin alloy,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2011-08-20T23:00:00Z,,2011W27,,,,,,,2,Teresa Gilmore,Adam Gwilt,,,,,,,,,NMGW-4F9643,,DH005804_02.jpg,Late Bronze Age hoard and wooden haft fragment,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH005804_02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/436058.jpg
572427,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1850,"Early Bronze Age associated flat axes



1. Flat axe - Type Migdale, probable Variant Biggar (Class 3F) 



Dimensions: surviving length 142.9mm; surviving blade width 58.6mm; surviving butt width21.1mm; maximum thickness 8.2mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 253.9g.



This is a largely complete but severely corroded bronze flat axe with no surviving original surfaces. It has a narrow, tapering and rounded butt and the axe has a slender profile, whose sides are not markedly concave and curved. One side is irregular to slightly concave and the other now appears slightly convex, with little widening and change of angle at the blade end. The blade edge is shallowly curved in plan view. The edges of the sides appear rounded with no surviving evidence of hammered low-flanges. There is no evidence of a median bevel and the blade is lenticular in side-section (i.e. with no marked central thickening or significant angle change in the blade thickness). On one butt end, an alloy imperfection shows as a curvilinear surface ridge, which has been differentially resistant to surface corrosion and erosion. The axe is now very fragile with pitted surfaces and a light green patination.



2. Developed Flat Axe of Type Aylesford (Low-flanged Class 4B axe) 



Dimensions: surviving length 129.3mm; surviving blade width 59.7mm; surviving butt width 26.0mm; maximum thickness (at median bevel) 12.5mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 240.5g.



This is a largely complete Developed flat axe or low-flanged axe of bronze, with damaged blade edges, butt and sides, which are in a very fragile condition. Although the butt is damaged, it is narrow and square ended or slightly arched, tapering at the end in side-view. The butt end is narrow with slightly divergent and straight sides. The angle of divergence becomes more pronounced below the line of the median bevel and down the blade end, though the sides remain straight. This gives a slightly angled side profile to this axe. There is no evident widening or recurving of the sides near the blade edge, although the whole of the blade edge and much of the blade bevel is missing. It is estimated that the original length of the axe was approximately 140-150mm, while the original blade width was probably approximately 65mm. The surviving original surfaces on the sides are slightly rounded, but very unstable, the face edges having been hammered up slightly, to provide low-flanges. The axe is thickest at the median bevel, which is straight. The axe is decorated from butt to blade on both sides with continuous and linear rain pattern decoration, running in parallel with the long axis of the axe. Large areas of original surfaces survive, but are very unstable - having a dark green patination. The damaged blade end, butt and sides have a light green patina.","Discussion (Adam Gwilt, Mark Lodwick and Marion Page)



One of the flat axes (No. 1 above) may be identified as a Type Migdale flat axe. Its narrow butt and slender proportion, suggest that it is most closely paralleled by the narrower variant, known in northern Britain as Variant Biggar (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 46-8). Though it is felt probable that this is a flat axe, which never had hammered low flanges, it is not possible to be absolutely certain, due to the lack of survival of original surfaces. Its narrow butt, slender form and modest blade width, combine to indicate this is a Class 3F axe of the southern British typological scheme (Needham 1985, iii, Table I), which correlate with the northern Variant Biggar flat axes. These narrower variants are thought to represent an advanced or late feature of the Migdale tradition (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 46). A diagnostic metrical feature in favour of its late development within the Migdale series is its low blade width to blade length ratio of 0.41. Needham, in his study of the flat and low-flanged axes of southern Britain (Needham 1983; 2004, 220-2; Illus. 19.3) was able to show a chronological trend, seeing ratios decline from ranges of 0.50-0.60 in the earlier Migdale-Brithdir metalworking tradition (with its typical broad bladed and flaring Type Migdale axes) to 0.40-0.50 in the succeeding Mile Cross metalworking tradition. A ratio of 0.41 for this axe clearly sits within the range for late Migdale or Class 3F axes typical of the Mile Cross tradition of the Early Bronze Age (Needham 1983, 147-52).





The second axe (No. 2 above) can be identified as one of the earliest forms of Developed Flat Axes, known as Type Aylesford (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 60-1). Typical features are a median bevel, hammered face edges (low-flanges), slightly angled sides, decorated surfaces and a medium blade width, as identified and present on this example. In Needham's typological scheme for southern Britain, this axe is an example of a Class 4B low-flanged axe (Needham 1985, iii, Table I; Rohl & Needham 1998, 89-90). Although it is difficult to calculate, with precision, the blade width to blade length ratio for this axe, due to the differential damage to both blade and butt ends, an estimated range of 0.43-0.46 is consistent with the wider observed trend for flat and low-flanged axes of the Mile Cross metalworking tradition (Needham 2004, 220, Illus. 19.3).



These axes may both be identified as belonging to Metalwork Assemblage IV- the Aylesford or Mile Cross tradition - of the Early Bronze Age (2050-1850BC) (Needham 1985, iii, Table I; Needham 1996; Rohl & Needham 1998, 89-90). The Migdale - Brithdir tradition (Metalwork Assemblage III) in part overlaps with this, ranging from 2200BC to 1950BC. Given the association of a late Type Migdale, Variant Biggar flat-axe with a technologically more developed Type Aylesford low-flanged axe here, a date range of 2050-1900BC, within the period of overlap, may be determined for the burial of these two axes.



Further evidence in support of the burial of the axes together and at the same time may be derived by the association elsewhere of Type Migdale (Class 3E & 3F) with Type Aylesford (Class 4B) axes in hoards (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 61; Needham 1983, 294-6). The Mile Cross hoard from Norfolk, giving its name to the Mile Cross metalworking tradition, contained a Class 3F low-flanged axe (equating with Type Migdale, Variants Biggar and Nairn) and a Class 4B low-flanged axe (equating with a Type Aylesford Developed flat-axe) (Needham 1983, 294-6; Cat. Nf 45/1 & 45/2, Figs. 24 & 103; Lawson & Needham 1985). Additional Class 3E & 3F axe associations with Class 4B axes are found in the Place Newton, and Sherburn Carr hoards, both in East Yorkshire (Brewster 1952-5, 450-2 & Fig. 3; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 46 & 61, Cats 209B, 316A & C, 317A, Pls. 17, 26 & 27; Needham 1983, 294-6, Fig. 101). In Wales, a relevant hoard association is the Newport, (Newport) hoard comprising two Developed flat-axes of Type Aylesford, identified by Needham as one Class 3F low-flanged axe and one Class 4B low-flanged axe (Britton 1963, 312, Appendix A, II.7; Needham 1979, 285-6, Fig. 12.1; 1983, 294-6, Fig. 101; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 61; Gwilt 1999, 4; Northover unpublished, H. 122). These belong to the Mile Cross - Aylesford metalworking tradition dating to 2050-1850BC (Needham 1985, iii, Table I; Needham 1996).



Also from Wales is the Brithdir (Pont Caradoc), Caerphilly hoard, which contained three Type Migdale axes (Class 3E) and one Type Aylesford (Class 4A) axe (Britton 1963, 312, Appendix A. No. II.6; Needham 1979, 283, Fig. 10; Gwilt 1999; Northover unpublished, H. 70). The Brithdir hoard has been interpreted as typifying the Migdale metalworking tradition in southern Britain. The single wide-bladed axe with a median bevel (Class 4A) in this hoard (classified as a Developed flat-axe of Type Aylesford by other researchers), has been argued as earlier than true low-flanged axes with narrower blades (Class 4B) of the later Mile Cross tradition (Needham 2004, 222). Yet the three Type Migdale axes in this hoard have narrow butts and markedly flared and wide-bladed forms and these characteristics have been argued a more typical of the near-Migdale axes, which developed from the classic Migdale axes of northern Britain (Needham 2004, 220-1). Both this feature and the single axe with a median bevel, suggest that the Brithdir hoard typifies the late Migdale to early Mile Cross transition (Needham 1983, 290), dating to 2050-1950BC, rather than the classic Migdale tradition of northern Britain spanning from as early as 2200BC to 1950BC. It is possible that chronological changes in blade and butt widths observed on flat axes and the appearance of median bevels and low-flanges were piecemeal, with slightly different trajectories of change in different regions and hoard associations across Britain. Therefore, the Brithdir hoard may be seen as an appropriate broadly contemporary and transitional parallel to the Nevern hoard, containing late Migdale axes and an early Developed flat-axe in association.



Finally from Wales, mention should also be made the Oxwich hoard, discovered by a metal-detectorist in 1999, comprises three fragmentary bronze flat axes (Gwilt & Macdonald 1999; Northover unpublished report). One axe with a wide flaring blade and narrow butt is a development from Irish Killaha axes and Migdale axes, finding parallel with Type Migdale, Variant Nairn axes and equating to a Class 3B flat axe (Harbison 1969, 24-32, Cat. 580; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 48-9, Cat. 246; Needham 1985b; Rohl & Needham 1998, 88-9; Northover unpublished report). A second small side fragment is less diagnostic, but was once probably part of a similar axe (Northover unpublished report). The third fragment is a narrow and decorated butt: each side has a marked longitudinal ridge with faces decorated with three parallel bands of overlapping hammered dashes arranged vertically. Insufficient of this axe survives to confidently identify it to precise type. However, the earliest known decorated flat-axes belong to the Migdale-Brithdir metalworking tradition with decoration continuing and becoming increasingly frequent features of Developed and low-flanged axes, during the succeeding Mile Cross and Willerby metalworking traditions spanning 2050-1700BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 44-5, 59; Northover unpublished report). While the decoration on this axe butt has been paralleled with that observed on certain Irish Developed flat-axes of slightly later date (Harbison 1969, 32-55, Cats. 866, 914 & 915; Northover unpublished report), the metallurgical composition of this axe, with B1 impurity patterns, is consistent with those in the Brithdir and Newport hoards. Therefore, the Oxwich hoard was probably buried at a similar time as the Nevern hoard, between 2050-1900BC and during the late Migdale-Brithdir to Mile Cross-Aylesford metalworking traditions.



In a British and Irish context, some further contemporary metalwork associations may be cited. The Highlow and St Bertram's Well hoards, both from Derbyshire, each contained associations of Class 3F axes (Needham 1983, 152 & 195, Cats. Dy 8/1, Dy 8/2, Sd2 and UP30, Figs. 23, 24 & 103). The Read, Lancashire hoard has one surviving Class 3F axe found in association with a number of other flat axes, now lost (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 61, Cat. 317 & Pl. 27; Needham 1983, 152), while the Castle Rising, Norfolk hoard contained an association of a Class 3E/F axe with a Class 3E axe (Needham 1983, 252-3, Figs. 23, 87 & 102; Needham & Lawson 1985; Rohl & Needham 1998, 201 In Ireland, the Ballyvalley, Co. Down and Glenwhirry, Co. Antrim hoards each contained a Class 3F axe in association with a Class 3E axe (Harbison 1969, 37 & 45, Cats. 943-4, 1252-3, Pls. 42 & 55; Needham 1983, 152). The Caerlaverock, Dumfries hoard comprised a Class 3F axe in association with a Class 3G axe (Yates 1979; Needham 1983, 152 & 295). The St Erth, Cornwall hoard contained two Class 4B (Aylesford) axes in association (Needham 1983, 295, CW 9/1 & 9/2, Figs. 32, 33 & 102). A number of graves have contained important metalwork associations: the Moot Low Barrow, Derbyshire contained a Class 3F axe and a lower jaw of pig, associated with a crouched inhumation (Needham 1983, 295, Dy 12/1, Fig. 25). The Parwich Moor 1, Derbyshire inhumation burial contained a Class 4B axe associated with a Type Merthyr Mawr, Variant Parwich bronze dagger, a jet disc bead and a 'circular' flint (Gerloff 1975, 50-1, Cat. 54 & Pl.5; Needham 1983, 295, Dy 13/1-13/4, Figs. 30 & 104) and the Aylesford inhumation burial contained a Class 4B axe associated with two riveted daggers, one of Type Masterton and the other of Group Aylesford (Gerloff 1975, 61 & 68, Cats. 86 & 103, Pls. 8 &10; Needham 1983, 295, Kt 2/1-2/3, Figs. 29 & 102). These latter two burials help to cross-correlate the axe series with contemporary daggers and developments in the Early Bronze Age burial record, although precise dating of these daggers has nevertheless proved problematic (Needham 1983, 169-71).



Nine single finds of Type Migdale bronze flat-axes are known from west Wales. These include examples from Whitechurch, Llanfyrnach, Llanfyrnach Common and Whitesands Bay in Pembrokeshire (Griffiths 1893; Nash Williams 1927; 1929; Fox & Bowen 1935, 52 & Fig. 26.1; Evans 1937; Savory 1980, 100-101, Cats. 107, 114; Northover unpublished, Cat. Nos. 44-47), Llandybїe, Cenarth and Llanddarog in Carmarthenshire (Savory 1962; 1963a; 1980, 101, Cat. 112; Northover unpublished, Cat. Nos. 24-26) and Cefn Coch, Glandyfi in Ceredigion (Sansbury 1930; Briggs 1994, 215, Appendix V, No. 7, Fig. 29.1; Northover unpublished, Cat. 23) with another example said to have been found in west Wales, probably Pembrokeshire (Wheeler 1922, 188; Northover unpublished, Cat. 53). To these may be added a single bronze Type Killaha flat-axe from St. Edren's, Mathry, Pembrokeshire (Northover unpublished, Cat. 20), while single Developed flat-axes of Type Scrabo Hill and Type Glenalla are known from Llanglydwen in Carmarthenshire and Rhyd y Torth, Ceredigion respectively (Sansbury 1930; Savory 1951; 1980, 101, Cat. 115, Fig. 17; Briggs 1994, 216, Appendix V, No. 21, Fig. 29.5 & 29.6; Northover unpublished, Cats. 64 & 69). The apparent relative frequency of Type Migdale axes here in comparison with a relative sparcity of Developed flat-axes, is an interesting and distinctive emerging regional pattern (Williams & Lodwick forthcoming, 11). Across north Wales and south east Wales, later Developed flat-axes are far more frequent occurrences, both numerically and proportionately in comparison with Migdale flat axes (Williams & Lodwick forthcoming, Map 4).



Within this broader regional pattern, there seems also to be a significant local clustering in the distribution of early bronze axes in north western Carmarthenshire and north eastern Pembrokeshire, as indicated by the Whitechurch, Llanfyrnach and Llanfyrnach Common, Llanglydwen single axes, and now the Nevern hoard. Most of these axes date from 2100-1900BC, with the single exception of the Llanglydwen example, which dates from 1900-1700BC. These appear to circle the eastern and northern margins of Mynydd Preseli (Savory 1962, 75; Gwilt 1999, Fig. 2; Williams & Lodwick forthcoming 11-12) and in a land block of approximately 10km (north to south) by 13km (east to west). This was a sacred and symbolic landscape in the Neolithic and Bronze Age, with many tombs and ritual monuments known (e.g. Kirk & Williams 2000; Darvill et al 2003; 2005; 2006; Darvill & Wainwright 2002a; 2002b; 2003), while its outcropping bluestones (dolerites, rhyolites and tuffs) were transported and incorporated into the great ritual monument at Stonehenge in Wiltshire between 2550-1600BC (e.g. Cleal 1995; Montague 1995, 375-6; Darvill 2006, 136-41; Darvill & Wainwright 2009; Burrow 2011, 48-52; Ixer & Bevins 2011; Bevins et al 2011). In addition, Neolithic stone axes and Early Bronze Age axe-hammers and battle axes were created using a variety of outcropping rocks from northern and western Pembrokeshire, being transported and exchanged over long distances across southern Britain (e.g. Shotton1972; Cummins 1979; Roe 1966; 1979; Savory 1980, 36-8; Clough 1988; Houlder 1988; Burrow 2003, 63-5 & Fig. 28). It seems possible that the access to, use and deposition of early bronze axes in this regional locality is interlinked within this broader symbolic and exchange context.



The archaeological findspot investigation, undertaken with the assistance of the finders, enabled the details of the reported depths and an account of the relative positioning of the two axes to be clarified: the axes were buried at approximately 0.28m depth and approximately 2.7m apart, buried flat and with their blade ends both facing west. Unfortunately the detector pits marking the precise findspots of each axe could not be re-identified and therefore no further information about the precise burial contexts could be retrieved. However, the hand excavation of a test pit in the immediate vicinity of the finds, allowed the character of the soils and local weathered bedrock to be revealed. Given the close association and contemporary date of the two axes, it seems probable that they were originally buried together as a hoard. It is possible that they were buried a short distance apart in a large archaeological feature, such as a pit, scoop or ditch. However, equally likely is that the axes became slightly dispersed after burial, although their depth suggests this occurred in antiquity, rather than in the post-Medieval period due to agricultural activity. The local geology comprises three main elements: parallel linear outcrops of low grade metamorphosed mudstones of the Aber Mawr Formation (AbM), next to overlying tuffs of the Fishguard Volcanic Group (FV), with intruded dolerite outcrops (Richard Bevins pers. comm.). The angular laminating rock fragments identified in the soil layers may therefore be identified as weathered mudstone, while the large boulder and the sub-rounded igneous stones are intrusive dolerite. Locally, the frequently occurring surface boulders occurring in this landscape setting are also doleritic, having been re-worked locally by ice, frost action and glacial melt-water stream action. The hoard find is situated within a local landscape context which is rich in known prehistoric monuments, sites and finds (Page pers. comm.). The placing of the hoard at a watery origin, with views out over lower lying land and looking toward the sea, may have held particular social and symbolic associations to Early Bronze Age communities (e.g. Darvill et al 2004), making it an appropriate place for burying valued metal artefacts.





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Roe, F.E.S. (1979) Typology of stone implements with shaftholes, In T.H. McK Clough & W.A. Cummins (eds.) 1979, 23-48.



Rohl, B. & Needham, S. (1998) The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: the Application of Lead Isotope Analysis, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 102, London: The British Museum.



Sansbury, A.R. (1930) Bronze Objects of the Bronze Age Found in Cardiganshire, Transactions of the Cardiganshire Antiquarian Society 7, 78-86.



Savory, H.N. (1947) Miscellanea: Bronze Hoard from Nevern, Pembrokeshire, Archaeologia Cambrensis 99, 285-6 & Figs. 1-2.



Savory, H.N. (1951) Note: Bronze Flat Axe from Carmarthenshire, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 14(3), 250-1.



Savory, H.N. (1962) Note: Llanarthney Flat Axe, The Carmarthen Antiquary 4, 75-6.



Savory, H.N. (1963a) Note: Bronze Flat Axe from Carmarthenshire, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 20(3), 306-7 & Fig.



Savory, H.N. (1963b) A Flattened Pestle Mace of Preselite from Pembrokeshire, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 20(2), 165-7 & Fig. 1.



Savory, H.N. (1980) Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. IX.7, C.H. München: Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Shotton, F.W. (1972) The Large Stone Axes Ascribed to North-West Pembrokeshire, In F. Lynch & C. Burgess (eds.), Prehistoric Man in Wales and the West; Essays in honour of Lily F. Chitty, Bath: Adams & Dart, 85-91.



Wheeler, R.E.M. (1922) Archaeological List: (ii) Flat Axes of the Early Bronze Age from Wales, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 1(2), 188.



Williams, J. Ll. & Lodwick, M. forthcoming Early Bronze Age flat metal axes from Wales - typology, function and development within the wider dimension of Britain in the 3rd millennium BC, unpublished manuscript and catalogue.



Yates, M.J. (1979) The Discovery of Two Flat Bronze Axes near Caerlaverock Castle, Dumfries, Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society 54, 147-9 & Fig. 2.",3,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2011W28,,,,,,,2,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Nevern,SN0936,From finder,51.989523,-4.783149,NMGW-4FCA62,,11_28.JPG,Bronze Age Axes,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/11_28.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/447838.jpg
572499,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-500,"
A cast copper alloy slender chisel or awl of uncertain but perhaps Bronze Age date. One end of the implement has a slender flat chisel terminal and the other ends in a round point.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.1,,,,69.74,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Stagsden,SP9849,GPS (from the finder),52.13062578,-0.56973057,-SUR 741553.00,,13-638.JPG,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/13-638.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/439734.jpg
572545,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-650,"Incomplete fragment of a cast bronze (copper alloy) socketed gouge of probable Late Bronze Age date (c. 1100 - 650 BC). It is likely that this tool is from the Wilberton, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking, phases which correspond to Needham's (1996) Period's 6 - 8.","Socketed gouges have been found associated with metalwork assemblages of Wilberton (eg. Guilsfield, Savory, 1980, No. 268. 64-65) through Ewart Park (eg Penwyllt, Savory 1980, No 284. 7-8) and Llyn Fawr (Savory 1980, No 291 9-11). Savory (ibid., p 55) suggests that the earliest examples have multiple mouth mouldings, while later examples have a plain or broad, flat collar. It is difficult to suggest a date for this example with a prominent single, slender moulding. According to Pearce in the 1983 publication 'The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain Part I', page 43, socketed gouges 'appear to have begun in the Wilburton phase, and continued as part of the tool repertoire until the end of the Bronze Age', although she suggests that most socketed gouges can be dated to the Ewart phase between c. 1000 - c. 800 BC. Needham et al's (1997) recent study of Bronze Age chronology dated a collared socketed gouge from the Bodwrog Hoard, Anglesey to 2720 +- 45 BP (DoB No 3, OxA-4652, p68).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,57.63,,,,70,1,Peter Reavill,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Tilshead,TQ0148,From a paper map,51.22227063,-0.5551007,SUR-7898C5,,DSCN1827.JPG,Bronze age: Gouge,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/DSCN1827.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/437273.jpg
573012,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age razor, probably of Piggott 1946 Class I. Very flat eliptical section with slightly bevelled edges, rounded end and transverse break. None of the original cutting edge survives, the edges of the blade very thin and damaged. Surviving length 31mm. Width at break 28mm. Maximum surviving thickness 2mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-06-23T23:00:00Z,2013-06-23T23:00:00Z,,,,,,2,31,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7010,Centred on field,52.66106548,0.51220395,NMS-B7FBC7,,58498_B7FBC7_LBA_Razor.jpg,Late Bronze Age razor,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/58498_B7FBC7_LBA_Razor.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/436475.jpg
573420,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-11501,"A fragment of Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spear, dating 1,500 - 1,150BC.  Only the tip survives of this spear.  It has a clearly defined mid rib, solid tip and towards the end of this fragment the hollow socket becomes visible.  The end of the tip is also broken and missing.  The broken edges are very abraded.  The copper alloy has an even dark green patina that extends over the breaks.


Jon Cotton has studied this fragment and has suggested it might be from a Middle Bronze Age side-looped spear.


Dimensions: length: 44.17mm; width: 16.40mm; thickness: 6.37mm; weight: 9.49g.


Identification by Jon Cotton, Specialist in Prehistoric London.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.49,,,6.37,44.17,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,,,,,,,,,LON-1E3516,,Joynson-Spear-Feb13.jpg,A fragment of Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spear,Museum of London,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/Joynson-Spear-Feb13.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/437838.jpg
573660,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead, of Late Bronze Age dating (1150 BC to 800 BC).


Less than 50% of the socketed axehead is present, consisting of the base of the socket and the blade edge. The fragment is sub rectangular in plan, and triangular in section. The socket is rectangular in shape. Casting ridges are faintly present along both of the sides. The blade edge is rounded and expands out at the sides. Filemarks are present on the front and back of the axehead.


The socketed axehead fragment measures 74.37 mm in length, 35.61 mm wide (at the blade), 29.20 mm wide (at the body), 18.53 mm thick (at the body), 2.11 mm thick (at the blade edge). The remnants of the socket is 27.59 mm deep. The sides are 3.20 mm thick. It weighs 89.0 g.


The socketed axehead is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,89,,,29.2,74.37,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Eccleshall,SJ8429,From finder,52.858249,-2.239072,WMID-32C4E1,,WMID-32C4E1.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-32C4E1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/436987.jpg
573861,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe in fairly fresh condition with prominent casting seams, blunt cutting edge, one possibly recent dent and recent scratching. Length 101mm. Width 42mm. Weight 267g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-01T00:00:00Z,2010-04-29T23:00:00Z,,,267,,,,101,1,Andrew Rogerson,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7109,Centred on field,52.65177,0.526456,NMS-475C25,,14432_BA_Axe_1.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/14432_BA_Axe_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/437292.jpg
573866,Barbed And Tanged Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-700,"Copper alloy barbed-and-tanged arrowhead, tip, very narrow fragment of adjacent cutting edge and end of tang. missing. The ends of the barbs are slightly scuffed. There is a slight median rib on one face while the other is entirely flat. Length 34mm. Width 22.5mm. Thickness 2mm. The surfaces are dull brown through iron staining.","
Stuart Needham, having examined a photograph, comments:


""It is interesting to learn of yet another of these arrowheads from British soil. Many years ago I would have ]...[ suspected a collector's loss. However, there are now sufficient (as well as the one secure context in the Penard hoard, Glamorgan) to suggest some currency of the type in this country. Despite the morphological similarity to flint versions, they by no means have to be Early Bronze Age. Bronze barbed-and-tanged arrowheads in one guise or another continue right through and my suspicion would be that most finds are Middle to Late BA. The Penard example proved to have an unusual metal composition suggestive of it being a foreigner.""
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-03-01T00:00:00Z,2010-04-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,2,34,1,Andrew Rogerson,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7302,GPS (from the finder),52.588271,0.55233,NMS-477E93,,21456_BA_ArrowHead_1.jpg,Bronze Age barbed-and-tanged arrowhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/21456_BA_ArrowHead_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/437295.jpg
574191,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Iron Age,BRONZE AGE,-700,-600,"Copper alloy socketed axe. Cast axe with a crescentic cutting edge, a plain and gently tapering body lacking any external ridging, a semi-circular loop whose inner end coincides with a low moulding for a round collared mouth of external diameter 32mm; within the socket the mouth achieves a sub-rectangular shape. A ridge of length c.30mm appears within the socket on either side, and was perhaps intended to enhance the grip of the axehead on its haft. A mould line appears all around the external median line of the axehead, centred on the upper and lower sides. The cutting edge remains sharp. The plain exterior and the size recalls that of socketed axes from Caythorpe 1 held in Lincoln Museum (Davey, P. 1970, Later Bronze Age Metalwork from Lincolnshire [volume 1], B. Phil. Dissertation for University of Liverpool, pages 81-85), for which parallels are cited (ibid. page 94) from Roxby, Haxey and West Halton, North Linconshire. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 700-600 BC.



Length: 106.9mm, Width (at blade): 51.2mm, Diameter (mouth): 40.1mm, Thickness (at mouth): 6.3mm, Weight: c.295gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-19T23:00:00Z,,,,295,,40.1,6.3,106.9,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Keelby,TA1709,Centred on field,53.564578,-0.234915,NLM-5DE752,,NLM23143a.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM23143a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1131341.jpg
574612,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,A large fragment of a Middle Bronze Age rapier blade in very fine condition. The blade was recovered from a riverine deposit. Peter Reavill comments: the classic tell-tale features are the thickened forte (the section by the hilt) that tapers into a very thick sturdy mid-rib - which extends to the point which is almost lozengiform in section. The blades are thought to be for stabbing rather than slashing. The cutting edges are present - but feathered. This blade is snapped below the diagnostic part which is the hilt plate (often trapezoidal) with 2 - 4 rivet holes. The junction between the hilt and upper blade is also lost. I think I would be happiest with attributing it to Burgess / Gerloff's Group III http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/109896- as it seems to have a 'triple arras' - central rib flanked by lesser rib near the cutting edge - possibly Group IV http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/57067 as the outer rib is more rounded and less distinct. Both of these date to the period 1400-1250BC - Needham's period 5. Rapiers are often associated with deposition within running water (streams / rivers) and also static water (bogs).,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,59.81,,,5.46,172.5,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Winslow,SP7626,GPS (from the finder),51.9273384,-0.89615656,SUR-A10290,,13-987.JPG,Bronze age: Rapier,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/13-987.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/443475.jpg
575959,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of the lower part of the socket of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, both ends broken and only one side extant. Thickness 16 - 13mm. Weight 35.38g. 100 - 700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-29T00:00:00Z,2013-06-27T23:00:00Z,,,35.38,,,16,,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Pentney,TF7213,Generated from computer mapping software,52.68737772,0.54330963,NMS-03F210,,33433_03F210_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/33433_03F210_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100713.jpg
576026,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1100,"Copper alloy palstave axehead fragment. Cast blade and cutting edge from a palstave axe with faint discernible traces of a central mid rib. The blade diminishes in its thickness and increases in its width towards the cutting edge. Fiercely abraded with large nicks in the cutting edge, and encrusted with soil. Suggested date: Middle Bronze Age, 1600-1100 BC.



Length: 55.3mm, Width: 52.6mm, Thickness: 11.3mm, Weight: 98.32gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-23T23:00:00Z,,,,98.32,,,11.3,55.3,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Beesby with Saleby,TF4378,Recorded at a rally,53.27969638,0.14332233,NLM-061746,,NLM23201a.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM23201a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1131420.jpg
576312,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1700,-1100,"Cast Copper alloy palstave axehead. This has a rectangular rear half that begins to expand from the mid-point to the blade, which has a crescent shaped cutting edge.  The side flanges run from the butt to just beyond the mid-point, these are high and culminated in a point at the centre of both the lower and upper sides.  The transverse stop plate in situated in the centre and has a slight triangular recess in front.  

Artefact dates to 1700BC to 1400BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-04-30T23:00:00Z,2013-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,335.5,,,32,143,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Backwell,ST4970,From finder,51.42669945,-2.73493165,GLO-1E0845,,DSC_0464 copy.jpg,GLO-1E0845 Bronze Age Palstave Axe,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/DSC_0464 copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/439197.jpg
576641,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy (bronze) socketed axehead fragment, of Late Bronze Age dating (c. 950 BC to c. 750 BC)


Less than 50% of the axehead is present, consisting only of part of the body, blade and the remnants of the socket. It is missing the top part of the axehead and the loop.


It is sub rectangular in plan, with an expanded / flared convex, but abraded cutting edge. The socket is sub rectangular in section. The depth of the socket from the edge of the break to the base of socket is 10.23 mm. The two long sides of the axe expand slightly along the length of the socket and terminate with an expanded blade. No casting seams are visible. The expanded blade has a curved convex (crescent shaped) cutting edge which is incomplete. The sides do not appear to be faceted and no ribs are present on either the front or back of the axehead fragment.


The axehead fragment measures 34.34 mm in length, 24.90 mm wide (at the blade edge), 18.69 mm wide (across the remnants of the socket), 7.02 mm thick (at the socket) and 1.39 mm thick (blade). The walls of the axehead are 2.1 mm thick. It weighs 15.2 g.


The axehead is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of the majority of the original surface.


This socketed axehead fragment is on the small side for the majority of socketed axehead types, but the shape and style is too well made for any of the miniature axehead types that are found in the Wiltshire area (Robinson, 1995). It is more likely to be Late Bronze Age in dating than Late Iron Age to Early Roman. Due to the axe fragment having a slender look to it, it could be similar to the Medreth type axes, possibly a SE type or Medreth, consistent with a Ewart Park assemblage type, of Late Bronze Age dating (Needham Period 7).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.2,,,7.02,34.34,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Alrewas,,,,,WMID-6FEAE1,,WMID-6FEAE1.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-6FEAE1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/439585.jpg
576761,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1501,"Incomplete Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axe, the butt end and the central part missing. On both faces there are three transverse lines of chevrons, two lines facing in one direction and one line in the other, each chevron being made with two punched dashes. The surfaces are patinated brown though there are some small patches of verdigris. The condition is quite fresh and there is some scuffing on the edges especially along the cuttung edge. The break is not recent. Megaw and Hardy 1938, Type I. Length 65mm. Width 77mm. Thickness 9mm. Weight 170g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-15T00:00:00Z,2013-07-01T23:00:00Z,,,170,,,9,65,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7106,GPS (from the finder),52.62482744,0.52490383,NMS-73F0F1,,13316_73F01_EBA_FlatAxehead.jpg,Bronze Age Flat Axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/13316_73F01_EBA_FlatAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094304.jpg
576817,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, part of the square-section tang missing. The blade is sub-square in section at its start and becomes circular sectioned before the point. Extant length 36.5mm. Maximum width 5.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-15T00:00:00Z,2013-07-01T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,36.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7106,Generated from computer mapping software,52.62482744,0.52490383,NMS-828883,,13316_828883_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/13316_828883_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154566.jpg
576827,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-701,"Very small fragment of the cutting edge of a Bronze Age copper alloy axe in sharp and fresh condition. Extant length, width and thickness 19.5, 7 and 4mm. Weight 1.96g. c.2350 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-15T00:00:00Z,2013-07-01T23:00:00Z,,,1.96,,,4,19.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7106,Generated from computer mapping software,52.62482744,0.52490383,NMS-82E6D4,,,,,,,
576957,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Incomplete and bent Late Bronze Age copper alloy razor of Piggott 1946 Class I. The tang and the distal end are missing. The sides are so badly pitted that no part of either cutting edge survives. There is a low midrib on both faces. Extant length and width 50mm and 18mm. Thickness (at the midrib) 0.9mm. c.1000 - c.701.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-23T00:00:00Z,2013-07-01T23:00:00Z,,,,,,0.9,50,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7206,Generated from computer mapping software,52.62451184,0.53966199,NMS-963A82,,17600_963A82_BA_Razor.jpg,Bronze Age Razor fragment,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/17600_963A82_BA_Razor.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645107.jpg
577849,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze copper alloy spearhead, a sherd from the mouth of the socket. External diameter 30mm. Weight 3g. c.1000 - c.700 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-23T00:00:00Z,2013-07-01T23:00:00Z,,,3,,30,,,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Gayton,TF7318,Generated from computer mapping software,52.73196272,0.56071756,NMS-2E9BF1,,29715_2E9BF1_LBA_SpearheadFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/29715_2E9BF1_LBA_SpearheadFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155985.jpg
578179,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-750,"A fragment of copper alloy which appears to be an incomplete section of a blade. It is possible that this fragment is a small part of a blade of Bronze Age date (c.2350-801BC). Weight is 14.3g, incomplete length is 29.65mm, width is 25.31mm and thickness is 4.76mm. The cross section was probably originally a flattish oval with the edges tapering out very thin, now mostly missing. The upper and lower surfaces do not seem to have had a higher point/ridged longitudinal centre despite the presence of corrosion product and some patches where the original surface seems to be missing.



Mr Peter Reavill agrees that one section is suggestive of a blade and that a likely date range would be Middle to Late Bronze Age (c.1500-750BC). The blade is likely to be a knife although a fragment of sickle is another consideration, however not enough of the blade survives to be sure. The absence of a prominent mid-rib is not unusual as most slight blades do not have these See PAS record HESH-199F11. Dating Bronze Age knives is difficult and almost impossible with so little surviving as with this example hence the broad date range above. The presence of another Bronze Age artefact fragment (PAS record number ESS-8FB2C3), found by the same finder, within 1km of this artefact's find spot and the context of the find spot helps support the Bronze Age date that has been given to this fragment.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2006-12-26T00:00:00Z,,,,14.3,,,4.76,29.65,1,Helen Fowler,Helen Fowler,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Fenland,Whittlesey,TL3298,From finder,52.56382561,-0.05405059,CAM-583B44,,CAM-583B44.jpg,Unknown date : Incomplete Copper Alloy Blade,Cambridgeshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hfowler/CAM-583B44.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/440743.jpg
578359,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2350 BC to c. 2050 BC).


The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in shape with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. The butt is relatively thin having a narrow rounded profile; the width at the butt is 12.89 MM (thickness: 1.49 MM). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively curved. The long edges bear slight evidence that they have been raised to form flanges. However, the axe is thickest at the mid point (9.73 MM). The sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge with an abraded width of 36.41 MM. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through either abrasion or wear, as has the blade edge itself. A distinct blade facet is not present. Minor traces of oblique slash marks has been noted on the flanged edges, under a microscope magnification. Casting 'flaws' or air bubbles are present over most of the surface of the flat axehead.


The axe is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail. There are a couple of patches of a brighter green colour on the surface. These areas should be monitored for further signs of active copper corrosion (bronze disease) occurring. This is a bright green powdery residue. To reduce the risk of this happening, the axe should be stored in a sealed air tight, dry box such as a tupperware box lined with silica gel and acid free tissue.


It measures 84.19 MM in length, maximum width at the blade is 36.41 MM, width at the butt is 12.89 MM and it has a maximum thickness of 9.73 MM. It weighs 70.2 grams.


The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge). 


These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.


Reference:


Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140


Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47.


Class: Migdale type. Biggar variant",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,70.2,,,9.73,84.19,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Tissington and Lea Hall,SK1851,From finder,53.05595408,-1.73289657,WMID-94FA83,,WMID-94FA83_1.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Slightly flanged flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-94FA83_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/440832.jpg
578366,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1140,-1020,"A Late Bronze Age sword of the Wilburton type (Burgess and Colquhoun, 1988, 40), dating between 1140-1020 BC (Needham et al. 1997). This sword is a flange-hilted sword, the blade and hilt being cast as one with flanges running along the edges of the hilt. The terminus is fan shaped and about half the width of the shoulder. There is a small, uneven, deposit of lead at the terminus end which may have been to aid balance. There is a slight bulge in the hilt, towards the shoulder, and a rounded slot in the centre of the hilt (33.95 mm long by 6.20 mm wide).The shoulder curves outwards to its widest with a ricasso notch below where the blade joins the hilt, resulting in a barbed effect on the shoulder. One of the notches is heavily worn making it almost invisible. There are two oval rivet holes on either side of the shoulder (10.52 mm and 7.80 mm in diameter). The bevelled blade is leaf shaped, being particularly lenticular towards the tip.



There is considerable green-blue oxidation product on one side of the blade, the side which was facing down when discovered. Amongst this oxidisation are 3-4 patches of reddish-brown oxidisation. The other side has some green-blue product but also a light brown patination across much of the surface. One would assume that the most heavily oxidised side had been in contact with water for a long period of time, therefore being found facing downwards may suggest it had been flipped whilst in the river. There are ""nicks"" along the blade edge probably caused by a similar weapon, which may be evidence of use either in battle or practice.



This type of sword has primarily been found in the Thames Valley area or the Fens (Jon Cotton, pers. comm.). Examples of fragments can be found on the PAS database: NMGW-7D0AC5, HAMP-352B13 and LVPL759



Dimensions: Total length: 538 mm; length of blade: 423 mm; width of blade: 38.31 mm; length of hilt: 98.29 mm; width of shoulder: 55.93 mm; width of terminus: 26.94 mm; thickness of blade: 7.20 mm; weight: 496g.



References: Burgess, C. B. and Colquhoun, I. 1988. The Swords of Britain. Munchen: Prähistorische Bronzefunde



Needham, S., Ramsey, C. B., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C., and Pettitt, P. 1997. An independent chronology for British Bronze Age metalwork: the results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme. Archaeological Journal, 154, 55-107.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,,,,,496,,,7.2,538,1,Jon Cotton,Ben Paites,London,Greater London Authority,Hounslow,Brentford,TQ1877,From finder,51.47965869,-0.30216595,LON-9540B5,,SwordIllus.jpg,"A Late Bronze Age sword of the Wilburton type (Burgess and Colquhoun, 1988, 40), dating between 1140-1020 BC",Museum of London,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/SwordIllus.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/466413.jpg
578372,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"TREASURE CASE : 2013 T583.



A Late Bronze Age hoard of c. 23 objects and additional fragments discovered during metal detecting on cultivated land on the 24th September 2013, and subsequently excavated by Yorkshire Archaeological Trust. Each find was assigned a small finds reference number (SF) during excavation, which can be found in brackets following the catalogue number for each find.



N.B. the weights listed for these finds include soil deposits within and on the exterior of many of the axes, except for those which specify otherwise.



Description



Sword



1. (SF 23) An incomplete and highly fragmentary copper-alloy antennae sword pommel (cf. PAS find: SUSS-761CD0; see also Von Quillfeldt 1995: Taf. 75, no. 219 'Schwert mit gegossenem Spiralknauf' for a comparable example with integral, probably cast complete loops). The sword pommel survives in multiple fragments, with additional fragments of the grip also retained; the lower portions of the sword hilt that would adjoin the blade appear to be absent. The pommel form is sub-lentoid in plan, with slight losses at both narrowed ends; it is flat in profile. Extending upwards from the narrowed ends of this flat, sub-lentoid form are two antennae loops; these now survive in multiple fragments. Both of the loops complete a full circle, measuring c. 1.7mm in diameter across each loop, with both ends of each loop extending from the flattened sub-lentoid upper surface; this suggests that they were probably cast in the complete looped form, rather than hammered. The fragments which form the loops are broadly flat in section and very thin. From the narrowed ends of the flattened sub-lentoid surface the pommel body extends down to a narrowed sub-oval in plan grip. This grip is incomplete and fragmentary, with its highly fragmentary nature preventing an identification of its complete form or type. Visible within the aperture of this now damaged grip is a layer of a dark grey substance (c. 3mm thick), possibly of organic material, that might have been used as a fixative for the tang of the sword blade; also visible is a small circular perforation that extends through the flattened upper surface of the pommel (c. 6.4mm in diameter) that would have accommodated the tanged end of the sword blade. The antennae sword pommel and grip are in poor condition outside of their fragmentary state, with much of the body suffering from moderate corrosion resulting in a green-grey patina, with an area of blue corrosion on one side of the grip. N.B. Photographs of the pommel in-situ (taken by Yorkshire Archaeological Trust) show that it was attached to a larger (now fragmentary) portion of the sword grip.



Dimensions: Pommel dimensions: 59.4mm by 23.5mm; Hilt length: 23.1mm; Hilt aperture dimensions: 23.9mm by 15.4mm; Weight: 30.44g (Main fragment: 21.01g; left spiral fragments: 2.78g; right spiral fragments: 2.01g; additional fragments 4.64g) N.B the many other probable fragments of the sword hilt (non-joining) have not been included in the weight.



Spearheads



2. (SF 22) A copper-alloy spear of uncertain type in multiple fragments. The spear fragments form the upper portion of the spear, including the spear tip; the most substantial fragment is broadly sub-triangular in plan, though all original edges that would show the extent of the blades are now missing. The socket is missing. The spear fragment has a circular to oval mid-rib, and the blade surface appears to be flat, although only some of the original surface remains. The remainder of the large spear fragment is in poor condition, and is light green in colour with white, sand like deposits in the corrosion product.



Dimensions: Length: 77.64mm; Width: (at middle) 19.7mm, (at tip) 7.9mm; Diameter of mid-rib; 8.75mm; Blade thickness (at widest point): 3.95mm; Weight (large fragment and moderate blade fragments): 23.21g. NB smaller undiagnostic fragments were not weighed.



3. (SF 4) A fragment of copper-alloy spear of uncertain type. The spear fragment is formed of the upper portion of the spear, though the tip has broken away and is now absent; the fragment is subsequently trapezoidal in plan. The mid-rib of the spear fragment is sub-circular, with a flat blade surface and a bevelled edge. The fragment is dark green in colour and in a good condition, with a slight hairline crack on one side at the bevelled edge. A series of small, worn depressions are also visible along the mid-rib; it is unclear whether these were a result of manufacture or use.



Dimensions: Length: 31.6mm; Width: (at widest) 32.1 mm, (at smallest) 25.7mm; Weight 9.73g.



Socketed axes: Yorkshire Type



4. (SF 13) A complete copper-alloy socketed axe of Yorkshire type (cf. Schmidt and Burgess 1502 (pl. 96), 1472 (pl. 94), 1419 (pl. 92) and 1398 (pl. 91), though SF 13 has longer vertical ribs). The socket mouth is rectangular in plan with an everted collar, and with a horizontal moulding below. A small circular indentation resulting from a casting error can be seen in the collar (diameter 3.3mm). From the moulding, three vertical diverging decorative ribs extend on both faces of the axe; the partial loss of one face has removed some of this detail. The side loop, also springing from the moulding, is complete with a 'D' shaped aperture. Below the moulding the body of the axe tapers slightly outwards to a fragmentary and chipped wedge-shaped cutting edge. The axe has a mid green colour overall, with areas of lighter green where the original surface has been lost.



Dimensions: Length: 78.5mm; Socket width: 38.9mm by 37.5mm; Socket wall thickness: c. 4.75mm-6.9mm; Blade width: 42.3mm; Loop: 17mm by 9.7mm, internal dimensions: 10.2mm by 4.3mm; Weight: 153g.



5. (SF 16) A near complete cast copper-alloy socketed axe of Yorkshire type (cf. Schmidt and Burgess 1403 (pl. 91), 1471-3 (pl. 94), though SF 16 has longer ribs). The socket mouth is square in plan with an everted collar of uneven thickness, and a horizontal moulding below. From this moulding three slightly divergent decorative ribs extend, with the two exterior ribs sitting at the transition between the face and the face edge. The axe retains a side loop with a 'D' shaped aperture; however extensive active corrosion has partially blocked this aperture. A small portion of the blade tip is missing, with the original cutting edge still present. There is evidence of use wear to the cutting edge of the blade. This axe has a light to mid green patina beneath extensive soil coverage.



Dimensions: Length: 79.8mm; Socket width: 38.4mm by 37.4mm; Wall thickness: 5.4mm-5.7mm (4.55mm at loop side); Side loop length: 20mm; loop width: 11.2mm. Blade width: 44.5mm; Weight 177g.



6. (SF 2) A near complete copper-alloy socketed axe of Yorkshire type in three fragments (cf. Schmidt and Burgess 1419 (pl. 92) and 1512 (pl. 96). The body of the axe is largely complete with slight losses to the socket mouth; two additional small fragments complete this. The axe has an everted collar, now fragmentary and uneven, with a horizontal moulding below. Three decorative ribs extend from this moulding; these are parallel, with the two exterior ribs positioned inwards away from the side-face of the axe. On one side of the axe a complete loop springs from the moulding. The lower portion of the axe consists of an expanded, slightly flared blade; this is broadly complete with a slight hemispherical in plan loss in the centre of the cutting edge of the blade. Additional losses to the original surface on one face and one side of the axe are visible, with an emphasis at the blade portion of the axe; these exhibit a light green colour, whilst the remainder of the axe body has a mid-to dark green patina and fair condition. There is evidence of use wear to the cutting edge of the blade.



Dimensions: Length: 81.9mm; Socket dimensions: 37.1mm by 36.8mm; Loop dimensions: 17.7mm by 6.2mm, internal loop dimensions: 10.3mm by 5.1mm; Weight: 143.59g (No soil)



7. (SF 3) A copper-alloy socketed axe of Yorkshire type (cf. Schmidt and Burgess 1503 (pl. 96), 1526 (pl. 97), 1536 (pl. 98). The axe is incomplete in that it is missing the uppermost everted collar at the square in plan socket mouth. The horizontal moulding remains, and from this three parallel decorative ribs extend on both faces of the axe. A complete side loop also springs from the moulding; this appears to have been miscast due to its uneven dimensions and finish. The body of the axe continues to a complete wedge-shaped cutting edge; there is one slight loss to the original surface on one face. There is evidence of use wear to the cutting edge of the blade. The axe is of a very fine condition and displays a mid-green shiny patina.



Dimensions: Length: 84.2mm; Socket width: 33.2mm by 33mm; Side loop dimensions: length 20.2mm, width 9.7mm, internal diameter 11.4mm by 6.2mm; Blade width: 43.5mm; Weight: 154g (No soil).



8. (SF 10 and SF 8) A complete copper-alloy socketed axe of Yorkshire type (cf. Schmidt and Burgess 1361 and 1367 (pl. 89) in two fragments; one socket mouth and body fragment (SF 10), and a lower body and blade fragment (SF 8). The first fragment is formed of a square in plan socket with an everted collar, below which a horizontal moulding is visible; a complete but uneven side loop springs from this moulding. On both faces of the upper axe fragment are three decorative ribs; these slightly diverge, with the two exterior ribs on both faces positioned at the exterior edge of the axe body. Casting seams are retained on both sides of this axe fragment, and across the side loop. The secondary fragment is rectangular at the socket and flares slightly to a near complete blade cutting edge; it is slightly rounded with just one slight chip at the side to face transition.



There is evidence of use wear to the cutting edge of the blade.



In the centre of both fragments at the point at which they join is a pressure point resulting from external force; this pressure has resulted in the axe separating into the two fragments. The wall thickness at this point on both fragments is distinctly irregular, with the face that has suffered the compression significantly thinner than the opposite face of the axe; this may be indicative of the axe being heated prior to being forcefully split into two.



Both fragments are a mid-green grey in colour, although the face which has suffered compression has areas of light green corrosion suggestive of its close proximity to another corroded item in the ground.



Dimensions: Length: 90.3mm; Socket width: 38.7 by 39.3mm; Socket wall thickness: 6.1mm-7mm; Side loop dimensions: length 18mm, width 9.6mm, loop diameter 9.2mm by 5.4mm; Blade width 48.9mm ; Weight 190g (lower blade fragment has no soil).



9. (SF 18 and SF 8 associated) A small copper-alloy socketed axe of Yorkshire type in two fragments; one small fragment comprises part of the socket mouth and side face (SF 8 associated), whilst the larger fragment spans the whole length of the object, with a narrow portion of the socket mouth preserved through to the blade tip (SF 18). The socket mouth is rectangular in plan with both fragments preserving part of the everted collar and the horizontal moulding. A side loop (part of which is retained on each fragment) springs from this moulding, along with three divergent ribs on each face. Casting seams are retained on either side of the axe. The blade is slightly flared and the cutting egde of the blade is complete, with moderate soil covering the surface of the axe; it has a mid-green patina beneath this.



Dimensions: Length: 64mm; Socket wall thickness: 5.15mm; Blade width: 38.2mm. Weight: 58.08g (large fragment 53.35g, small fragment: 4.74g).



10. (SF 17) A fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axe of Yorkshire type. The fragment is 'L' shaped in plan, comprising a portion of one face and one side; the completed socket is likely to have been rectangular to square in section. The fragment retains a pronounced everted collar at the socket mouth with a horizontal moulding below; one single vertical cast decorative rib is visible on the face. Traces of a casting seam are also visible on the side. This fragment has a light green colour overall and moderate corrosion product.



Dimensions: Length: 39.5mm; Socket wall thickness: c. 5.8mm-8.5mm; Width 24.8mm; Weight 27.4g.



11. (SF 19) A fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axe of uncertain, but possible Yorkshire type. The fragment is formed of the upper portion of the axe at the socket mouth, with the lower blade portion now absent. It has a rectangular in plan socket with an everted collar, with a horizontal moulding beneath this. Casting seams are visible on either side of the axe and a complete side loop is also retained. One face of the axe has suffered considerable pressure to its exterior surface, resulting in a moderate depression where the axe wall has been forced inwards. The axe has a mid-green colour overall with moderate soil covering.



Dimensions: Length: 33.6mm; Socket width: 44.5mm by 35.9mm; Loop dimensions: 20.2mm by 8.9mm, internal loop dimensions: 11.2mm by 6.7mm; Weight: 47g.



Everthorpe type



12. (SF 7) A complete copper-alloy socketed axe of Everthorpe type (cf. Schmidt and Burgess, 1317 and 1320 (pl. 87). The socket mouth is square in plan, with an unevenly cast everted collar; below this a horizontal moulding is visible from which a complete side loop springs. From this moulding the body of the axe continues in a straight form, before flaring slightly to the blade; the cutting edge of the blade is complete aside from a few small removals resulting from corrosion. The body of the axe is plain with casting seams retained on both sides and across the side loop. It has a mid to dark green grey colour and is in good condition overall, with a slight soil covering.



Dimensions: Length: 92.9mm; Socket dimensions: 36.7mm by 35.8mm; Wall thickness: c. 5.7mm-6mm; Loop dimensions: length 18.9mm; width 9.7mm; Blade width: 45.7mm; Weight: 182g.



13. (SF 5) A near complete copper-alloy socketed axe of Everthorpe type (cf. Schmidt and Burgess: 1320 (pl. 87). The axe is sub-circular (square with rounded corners) in plan at the mouth, with an everted collar and horizontal moulding below. From this a complete side loop springs. The body of the axe is narrowed before flaring slightly to the blade tip; the cutting edge of the blade is uneven and incomplete. One casting seam is retained, the other is visible where the original surface of the axe remains. The surface of the axe is uneven and much of the original surface has been lost through corrosion, resulting in a light green colour overall. Additional corrosion product is visible inside the socket within the retained soil; it is not certain whether this is the remains of a secondary object or if the corrosion material relates to SF 5.



Dimensions: Length: 85.3mm; Socket dimensions: 36.2mm by 33.4mm; Wall thickness: 4.8mm; Loop dimensions: length 18.4mm, width 8.4, internal aperture 11.3mm by 6mm; Weight: 145g.



14. (SF 14) A near complete copper-alloy socketed axe of probable Everthorpe type. The socket mouth is square in plan (with rounded corners) with an everted collar; below this is a horizontal moulding. A moderate sub-triangular in plan removal can be seen at the socket (resulting from the extensive corrosion of the metal); this has also lead to further cracking down the face. The body of the socketed axe is plain and is fairly straight, though it flares out moderately to the cutting edge of the blade; this is nearly complete with a few slight losses. A single casting seam retained on either side; a pronounced seam is also visible at the loop. The side loop is complete with a 'D' shaped aperture, currently filled with soil. The axe retains further soil inside the socket, with additional soil on all external surfaces. It has a dark green patina beneath this soil covering.



Dimensions: Length: 91.6mm; Socket width: 36.2mm; Socket wall thickness: 5.3mm; Loop dimensions: length 19mm, width 10.5mm; Weight: 169g.



15. (SF 9) A near complete copper-alloy socketed axe of probable Everthorpe type (cf Schmidt and Burgess 1307 (pl. 86). The socket is sub-rectangular in plan with an unevenly cast everted collar; a moderate section of this collar is missing on one face of the axe. A worn horizontal moulding is also visible beneath this collar, from which a complete side loop springs; this side loop is uneven from casting. The body of the axe is broadly straight beneath the moulding, expanding in width slightly towards the lower portion of the axe, before flaring substantially to the blade. The cutting edge of the blade is incomplete with losses at both the tip and on both side faces. There is evidence of use wear to the cutting edge of the blade. The body of the axe retains cast seams on both sides and across the side loop. It has a mid green colour and slightly mottled surface, with a number of small hairline cracks visible on both faces; these have resulted in small areas of loss of the original surface at the blade tip and on one side face.



The axe has been poorly cast, with a number of small apertures appearing as a result. These are visible beneath the socket collar, on the side face near the side loop and two further indentations can be seen on one face of the body. The diameters range from c.2.2mm-2.9mm.



Dimensions: Length: 91.5mm; Socket dimension: 37.4mm by 37.9mm (with fragment missing); Wall thickness: c. 3.8mm-6.3mm; Blade width: 48mm; Loop dimensions: length 19mm; width 10mm; internal diameter: 9.4 by 5.8mm; Weight: 133g (no soil).



16. (SF 1) An incomplete copper-alloy socketed axe of probable Everthorpe type (cf Schmidt and Burgess 1308 (pl.86). The socket is sub-rectangular in plan with a pronounced everted collar, below which a horizontal moulding is visible. From the moulding an incomplete side loop springs; the lower portion of the loop is now missing. The axe has broadly straight slides and a slight flare at the blade; the blade tip is incomplete, with a moderate loss to one side. The body of the axe retains cast seams on both sides, but is otherwise plain. The original surface of the axe has been partially lost through extensive corrosion, such that the axe now appears a light green colour with a mottled and unevenly textured surface.



Within the socket of this axe is a fragment of a secondary item, probably a socketed axe socket, still retained within moderate soil. This fragment has an everted collar and might have once been rounded in plan at the socket.



Dimensions: Length 82.9mm, length including internal fragment: 90.3mm; Socket dimensions: 38mm by 36.4mm; Loop dimensions: length 9.1mm, width 7.7mm; Weight: 195g.



Meldreth variant Aylsham type



17. (SF 15) A near complete copper-alloy socketed axe of Meldreth, variant Aylsham type (cf. Schmidt and Burgess 1233 (pl. 83). The socket mouth is circular to square in plan, with an everted collar, and a horizontal moulding at the transition from the socket to the body of the axe. The body of the axe is narrowed and faceted (8 very slight facets), and expands to a flared blade. The blade is now damaged so that the original cutting edge of the blade is missing; further triangular in plan losses are also visible to either side of the blade. This axe retains two prominent casting seams, one down each side, with a complete, though slightly off-cast side loop. It has a mid-green patina beneath the soil covering.



Dimensions: Length 89.6mm ; Socket dimensions: 32.5mm by 30.2mm; Socket wall thickness: c. 3.9mm-5.8mm; Loop dimensions: length 19.5mm; width 6.9mm, internal diameter 10.2mm by 4.7mm; Blade width: 43.7mm; Weight: 90g.



Alford type



18. (SF 11) An incomplete copper-alloy socketed axe of probable type Alford (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 188-89), although with some comparisons among type Dowris (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 198-9; cf. Eogan's Group 11 (2000, 86-7), although the slightly moulded collar suggests it is more likely to belong to the former. The socket mouth is sub-circular in plan; a complete loop springs from the collar on one side. Within the socket mouth two internal haft seams are visible, with one projecting from each interior face. The body of the axe extends with straight sides for a short length, before flaring significantly to the blade; the blade is now incomplete with much of the original extent missing. Casting seams are visible down both exterior side faces. The axe has a slightly moulded rim. The axe has a mid-green colour overall with moderate corrosion product on the exterior surfaces.



Dimensions: Length: 52.6mm; Socket dimensions: 29.9mm by 27.2mm; Loop dimensions: width 6.7mm, length: 15.3mm, internal aperture: 6.95mm by 3.4mm; Weight: 52.61g.



Unknown type



19. (SF 20) A copper-alloy socketed axe fragment of uncertain type, which has been reheated and compressed prior to deposition. This fragment is sub-lozengical in plan, and has a 'figure of 8' section resulting from the application of pressure which has forced the centre of each face inward. The fragment is irregular at both vertical ends (where the socket mouth and blade would have been) with one end of the fragment displaying an 'L' shaped removal. Visible at this removal is a fragment of a secondary copper-alloy object now situated within the first fragment; this secondary fragment has an everted collar and slight curvature to its profile, and is probably a fragment of a socketed tool or axe. The original form of the exterior axe is unclear due to its reworking, though a small aperture resulting from the initial casting of the object is visible to one side. The fragment has a dark green-grey colour overall with areas of blue corrosion product now visible on its surface.



Dimensions: Length (at longest point): 45.6mm; Width: 38.6mm-38.9mm; Thickness (of compressed mass): 12.9mm; Thickness (of walls): 3-3.4mm; Weight: 77.19g.



20. (SF 6) A fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axe of uncertain type, comprising the lower portion of the axe blade and blade tip. The fragment has a rectangular in plan socket and wedge-shaped cutting edge; this is incomplete and appears heavily rounded and worn at one side. It has a mid-green colour overall and fair patina, although some portions of the original surface at the upper edge have been lost as a result of corrosion.



Dimensions: Length: 46.1mm; Socket: 29.2mm by 16.2mm; Wall thickness: 1.9mm; Weight: 57g (no soil).



21. (SF 12) Two fragments of a small copper-alloy socketed axe of uncertain type; one small socket mouth fragment and a larger blade portion. The axe has a rectangular in plan socket with an everted collar, (visible on the small fragment) with a horizontal moulding below, (visible on the uppermost portion of the lower fragment, at the join to the small mouth fragment). An incomplete side loop is also retained, with a casting seam visible down the opposing side. The cutting edge is wedge-shaped and incomplete, with a slight loss to the original surface. Both fragments have a light green patina overall with several notable hairline cracks on the surface, and the socket contains moderate soil.



Dimensions: Length: 63.2mm; blade width: 32.2mm; Weight: 49.04g



22. (SF 21) A fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axe of unknown type. The fragment forms the partial remains of one side or face of the axe, with slight curvature towards one edge representing the original corner of the socketed form. The fragment retains a moderate uneven collar and has a dark green colour overall.



Dimensions: Length: 32.8mm; Width: 37.9mm; Weight: 22.96g.



Associated but non-joining fragments



23 - 28. (SF 1 associated) A further six fragments were reported with SF 1 which do not appear to fit with this particular item but which are undoubtedly from the assemblage as a whole. 4 of the fragments appear to have come from the collar of one (or more) socketed axes, whilst the two other 2 fragments of thin walled, curved copper-alloy, might possibly belong with the sword hilt.



1) Expanded collar with cast seam. Dimensions: 15.8mm by 16.6mm; Weight: 1.57g.



2) Everted collar. Dimensions: 15.9mm by 8.25; Weight: 1.05g.



3) Everted and slightly curved collar. Dimensions: 20.5mm by 12.2mm; Weight: 2.12g.



4) Everted collar. Dimensions: 22.7mm by 10.4mm; Weight: 2.4g.



5) Curved possible sword hilt fragment. Dimensions: 16.9mm by 9.1mm; Weight: 1.68g.



6) Curved possible sword hilt fragment. Dimensions: 20.4mm by 16mm; Thickness: 1.7mm; Weight: 1.02g.



29. (SF 5 associated) Grouped with SF 5 from excavation is another fragment of a socketed axe. The fragment is 'L' shaped in plan and comprises the upper portion the axe, with a portion of the everted collar, face and side face with a near complete side loop. The fragment is dark green-grey in colour with areas of extensive light blue corrosion product. The slight remains of the face appear to indicate compression similar to SF 10, 8 and 19. This fragment does not fit with SF 5 but belongs with another, as yet unidentified axe.



Dimensions: 23.3mm by 17.6mm; collar thickness: 3.95; Weight: 15g.



30. (SF 7 associated) A secondary fragment of an everted collar from a square in plan socketed axe was associated with this find from excavation, but which is certainly from another, currently unidentified, axe. Dimensions: 21.7mm by 8.2mm; Weight: 1.83g.



31. (SF 9 associated) A further very small fragment, possibly from a handle was also found with this axe. It does not fit with SF 9 and thus belongs with another unidentified axe.



32. (SF 10 associated) Grouped with SF 10 from excavation is a small fragment, possibly an everted collar, of a socketed axe. Dimensions: 16.8mm by 16.5mm; Weight: 2.13g.



33. (SF 10 associated) Nine small copper-alloy fragments. All are thin and curved in plan, and are thus likely to belong to the fragmentary and incomplete sword hilt (SF 23). Dimensions: combined weight 3.52g.



Several additional fragments were recovered from the spoil during excavation. These have not been described or weighed but are almost certainly associated with the hoard, and thus ought to be considered potential treasure.



Not associated objects



34. (No SF) A fragment of a copper-alloy object of uncertain form, possibly a handle. The fragment is rectangular in plan with a slight curvature in section. One end shows signs of attachment with raised copper-alloy material on both surfaces and a slight recession to the top. The upper surface has two pronounced raised vertical ridges whilst the underside is plain (aside from two bulbous lumps at the attachment end). The fragment has a light green to red/brown colour.



This fragment is similar in appearance to vessel handles of Medieval date, and was recovered from an area outside of the closed Bronze Age hoard deposit. As it does not appear be of Bronze Age date or from the hoard this artefact should not be considered as an associated find and is therefore not treasure.



Dimensions: Length: 53.8mm; Width: 30.5mm; Thickness: 6.95mm (at ridge), 4.8mm (in recession); Weight: 59.27g.



35. A sub-lozengical fragment of black glazed Medieval to Modern sherd. The fabric is stoneware, and grey in colour, with glaze on both surfaces. Relief decoration is also visible on the exterior surface, with two raised circular forms and a series of cross-hatch detailing.



Dimensions: 21.5mm by 21.3mm; Weight: 2.18g.



36 - 38. Three small flints. These are white-grey in colour and do not appear to be worked. They are therefore not likely to be associated.



Discussion



The Cherry Burton hoard comprises of objects that are relatively common in Late Bronze Age British hoards of the Ewart Park phase (c.950-800 cal BC), which typically consist of complete and fragmentary swords, spearheads and socketed axeheads. The socketed axe types are well known from Northern England, with the type Yorkshire axes that make up the majority, very well represented in East Yorkshire, as the terminology would suggest (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 223-39), furthermore, the probable type Alford axe (No. 18) is possibly related to the type Yorkshire group (Ibid., 188) The spearhead fragments are too fragmentary to type but Late Bronze Age spearheads are well known in the region (Davis 2012), including in hoards with socketed axeheads (e.g. the Bilton hoard, Yorkshire: ibid., pl. 151). In these respects the hoard is typical of the period and region. However, a number of points warrant additional comment.



The first point concerns the presence of an antennae sword pommel (No. 1) from a solid-hilted Late Bronze Age sword with Continental comparisons (Antennenschwerter: Colquhoun & Burgess 1981, 122-3). To date only eight other swords of this type have been recorded in Britain (Colquhoun & Burgess 1981, nos. 751-5; Needham 1987; PAS find: SUSS-761CD0; Cowie & O'Connor 2007, 327-8); of which only one example in a museum collection is complete (from the River Witham, Lincolnshire: Colquhoun & Burgess 1981, no. 751), the other complete example is the (lost) sword from the Isle of Skye, known only from antiquarian records and an illustration (Cowie & O'Connor 2007, 327-8, fig. 28.5). The remaining six swords are in a fragmentary condition. The Cherry Burton example is paralleled by four other cases in which the sword has been broken through the grip, but it does not otherwise appear to resemble closely any of the other antennae swords found in Britain. The fragmentary state of the Cherry Burton pommel also hinders detailed comparison with Continental forms.



The Cherry Burton pommel may not be the first discovery of this sword type from Yorkshire. The example from the British Museum collection (1858, 1116.1) listed by Colquhoun & Burgess (1981, no. 754) as coming from 'Provenance unknown' (but actually from either Yorkshire or the River Thames) lacks its antennae pommel. The British Museum's acquisitions register for 1858 details that this find was made in Yorkshire. This statement predates the posthumous publication of Kemble's Horae Ferales in 1863, in which he notes that the sword was already in the collection of British Museum but suggests it was found in the Thames (Kemble 1863, 162). The confusion could be due to the next entry in the British Museum register being a find that was from the bed of the Thames (the two entries are given one above the other). If the register had been misread then this could be the cause of the confusion, but the posthumous editing of Horae Ferales by usually diligent R.G. Latham and A.W. Franks suggest that this cannot be taken for granted and some doubt must remain. Nevertheless, the distribution of the known British antennae sword pommels is generally eastern and the Cherry Burton pommel corresponds to the pattern in this respect. This also corresponds with Cowie & O'Connor's suggestion that the British antennae pommel swords have Nordic rather than Central European connections.



In contrast to the elaborate spirals of the River Witham sword, the Cherry Burton 'spirals' are in fact solid loops.



Its simplicity is paralleled by the examples from Near Lewes, Sussex (SUSS-761CD0), Chertsey (Needham 1987, fig. 5.15, 1) and the find from Snettisham ('hoard IV') (Coombs 1974; Pendleton 199, no. 1677). This muted feature does occur on swords from the Continent, including a sword from Munich, Germany (e.g. Quillfeldt 1995: Taf. 75, no. 219), but seems to be a more recurrent trend among the - albeit small - number of known British examples (cf. O'Connor & Cowie's point regarding the lack of exact Continental parallels for the British antennae pommel swords: 2007, 328). The parallel with the Snettisham 'hoard IV' find is worth pursuing further: it was one of the fragments broken through the grip and was found in direct association with objects of Ewart Park date (including socketed axes) that had, as at Cherry Burton, been intentionally damaged and fragmented. Both the Snettisham and Cherry Burton hoards included an example of a socketed axe with another object blocking its socket. The Cherry Burton hoard therefore helps to strengthen the case for placing antennae pommel swords in the context of the Ewart Park complex (cf. Cowie & O'Connor 2007, 328).



A further notable feature of the Cherry Burton hoard is the purposeful damage to several axes (Nos. 8, 11, 16, 19 & 30 in the catalogue). The range of evidence compression, the possible application of heat and the presence of axe fragments blocking the socket of another axe. This prevalence of this type of treatment in Late Bronze Age hoards from across Europe has been discussed recently by Mörtz (forthcoming) and could be related to recycling or more ritualized decommissioning prior to deposition. The prevalence and character of this treatment deserves greater attention in future research and studies.



Author



Lucy Ellis



Assistant Treasure Registrar, British Museum



Contribution by



Neil Wilkin



Curator, British Museum



Acknowledgements



Thanks are due to Dr Brendan O'Connor for comments on an earlier draft of this report. However, all errors reside with the authors.","Due to their age and grouping of more than two items, this find qualifies as a prehistoric base-metal assemblage and so as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure (Designation) Order 2002. The ceramic and flint material, along with item number 34 (a possible Medieval handle), are not thought to be associated with the hoard and thus do not constitute potential Treasure.



Bibliography



Colquhoun, I. & Burgess, C., 1988. The Swords of Britain. Munchen: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchandlung



Coombs, D. 1974. 'Ein spätbronzezeitliche depotfund von Snettisham (Norfolk)', Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, 4, 31-5



Cowie, T. & O'Connor, B. 2007. 'Late Bronze Age Swords from Scotland: Some finds old and new', In Burgess, C., Topping, P., Lynch, F. (eds.) Beyond Stonehenge: Essays on the Bronze Age in Honour of Colin Burgess, 316-34



Davis, R. 2012. The Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain. Munchen: C. H. Beck'sche, Verlagsbuchandlung



Dietrich, O. & Mörtz, T. forthcoming. 'Sockets full of scrap? Remarks on deliberate fragmentation in Late Bronze Age metal deposits in south-eastern and north-western Europe'



Eogan, G. 2000. The Socketed Bronze Axes in Ireland, Munchen: C. H. Beck'sche, Verlagsbuchandlung



Kemble, J.M. 1863, Horae ferales; or, Studies in the archaeology of the northern nations. Edited by R. G. Latham and A. W. Franks, London: Lovell, Reeve



Needham, S. 1987. 'The Bronze Age', In Bird, J. and Bird, D.G. (eds), The Archaeology of Surrey, Guildford: Surrey Archaeological Society, 97-137



Pendleton, C.F. 1999. Bronze Age metalwork in Northern East Anglia, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (British Series) 279



Schmidt, P., & Burgess, C. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Munchen: C. H. Beck'sche, Verlagsbuchandlung



Von Quillfeldt, I. 1995: Die Vollgriffschwerter in Süddeutschland (Stuttgart, Praëhistorische



Bronzefunde Abteilung IV, Band 11)",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2013T583,,,,,,,23,Lucy Ellis,Lucy Ellis,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Cherry Burton,TA0042,GPS (from the finder),53.86459167,-0.48084197,YORYM-958D05,,BA Hoard 5 small.jpg,"Bronze Age Hoard : Axeheads, spears, swords",York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/BA Hoard 5 small.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/479098.jpg
578374,Spear,Bronze Age,,,-1500,-1200,"A copper alloy kite-bladed spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1500 to 1200 BC.


The object has a kite-shaped blade with side loops and a lozenge-shaped midrib centre. The base of the object has some damage an uneven edge however the wear suggests that this took place in antiquity. The width of the blade is 18.90 mm and the diameter of the socket is 12.95 mm. The object is 92.90 mm in length and weights 35.5 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,35.5,,,,92.9,1,Lauren Proctor,Lauren Proctor,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Yearsley,SE5874,Generated from computer mapping software,54.15854457,-1.11330628,DUR-95A965,,DUR-95A965.jpg,Bronze Age socketed spearhead,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DUR-95A965.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/440841.jpg
578781,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1250,"
An incomplete copper alloy pin of Bronze Age date. All that remains of the pin is the head and a short length of the shaft. The head is comprised of a flat circular head with broken and worn edges and is decorated with a raised central pellet surrounded by three concentric raised rings. The underside is smooth and undecorated with an integral projecting shaft set at a right angle to the head. The shaft is circular in section with a subtly tapering circumference and terminates is a worn break.



The metal is a mid green in colour with a corroded patina.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.23,,3.49,2.28,10.29,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Cottam,SE9766,,54.08079308,-0.5188166,YORYM-BDD143,,DH0050.jpg,Pin : Early-medieval,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellie/DH0050.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/441100.jpg
578783,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"
An incomplete copper alloy disc-headed pin of Middle B ronze Age date. The head is comprised of a flat circular head with worn edges and is decorated with a raised central pellet surrounded by four concentric raised rings. The underside is smooth and undecorated with an integral projecting shaft set at a right angle to the head. The shaft is circular in section with a subtly tapering circumference and terminates is a worn break.



The metal is a mid green in colour with a corroded patina.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.45,,,1.83,32.79,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Cottam,SE9766,,54.08079308,-0.5188166,YORYM-BDE2E4,,DH0051.jpg,Pin : Early-medieval,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellie/DH0051.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/441101.jpg
578800,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1100,1500,"A copper alloy casting sprue/jet of Bronze Age or later  date. The jet is oval in plan, broadly triangular in cross section and tapers towards the break forming a broadly oval cone. The shape reflects the funnel shaped casting gate  and the projecting feeder into the casting mould. The base of the cone  would have in fact been the upper side into which the metal was poured  and the irregular surface may the metal cooling as it  was poured into the mould. The metal has a dark green patina.

The casting jet is 39.35mm in length. 23.45mm wide (max), 6.75mm wide (min), 20.0mm in height and weighs 49.58 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,49.58,20,,,39.35,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Heytesbury,ST9141,Generated from computer mapping software,51.16817074,-2.13010296,WILT-BE84C2,,WILT-BE84C2.jpg,Metal working debris of uncertain date,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-BE84C2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/442740.jpg
578814,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1600,-1000,"A copper-alloy side-looped socketed spearhead dating to the Middle  Bronze Age (1600-1000 BC) of Greenwell and Brewis Type IV. There is  damage to one half of the socket opening and to one of the side-loops.  One of the wings is slightly bent and the tip of the spear is missing.  The breaks do not appear to be old. The blade is 'flame shaped' and what  remains of it is 37.20mm long (it would have been c.64.35mm). The  widest part of the blade is 19.70mm. The mid-rib of the blade is an  extension of the socket and extends to the broken tip of the spear. At  the base of the blade this mid-rib is 9.55mm thick. From the opening to  the base of the blade the socket is 43.50 in length and tapers in  diameter from 15.15mm to 9.45mm. The thickness of the metal is 2.35mm.  There are two side-loops on opposite sides of the socket, about half way  between the base of the blade and the socket opening, on the same axes  as the wings of the blade. Only one is intact and the perforation is not  visible due to corrosion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.83,,,15.6,81.35,1,Alastair Willis,Alastair Willis,South West,Gloucestershire,Cotswold,Cirencester,SP0201,Generated from computer mapping software,51.70773378,-1.97245555,WILT-BF1C15,,WILT-BF1C15.jpg,Bronze age spear,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-BF1C15.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/442644.jpg
578880,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A complete copper alloy flat axehead of early Bronze Age date. The axehead is sub-trapezoidal with a curved blade tapering to a rounded cutting edge. The axehead is extremely worn and undecorated. No signs of ridges or flanges are present indicating that this is an early flat axe.

The metal has a mid brownish-green patina. The axehead is 102.1mm long, 40.8mm tapering to 23.7mm wide, 8.1mm thick and weighs 111g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,111,,,8.1,102.1,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Flaxton,SE6762,Centred on parish,54.0496186,-0.97816034,YORYM-C14FC5,,MF0001.jpg,Bronze Age : Flat Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/MF0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/442237.jpg
579005,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"The tip of a copper-alloy socketed spear dating from the middle to later Bronze Age (c. 1500-700BC). The spearhead tip has a rounded mid rib with narrow wings. The wings are chipped, perhaps due to thinning of the metal from corrosion which may have led to some losses from the outer edge of each wing. The surface has a stable, slightly pitted, patinated surface of green-brown colour. The surviving length is 46.64mm, with a maximum width of 10.04mm (and depth of 7.80mm) and weight of 11.45g.



A similar, though larger, example (LIN-CE5674) can be seen on this database.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.45,,,,46.64,1,Alyson Tanner,Alyson Tanner,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Tangley,SU3553,From finder,51.27507808,-1.49963303,WILT-D576F5,,WILT-D576F5.jpg,Bronze Age spear,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-D576F5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/442475.jpg
579374,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"A fragment of a cast, copper-alloy socketed axe of late Bronze Age date, c. 1000-700 BC.



Only the blade end of the axehead remains, with a worn curved edge; the entire fragment is wedge-shaped with a rectangular hollow visible internally. The fragment is widest at the shoulders of the blade. The metal has a relatively even patina, with some loss of patina along the edge of the blade.



The break is very abraded.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-05-06T23:00:00Z,2013-06-03T23:00:00Z,,,24.4,,,11.95,36.88,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Burneston,SE3184,Generated from computer mapping software,54.25074849,-1.52572405,NCL-28A975,,NCL-28A975.JPG,NCL-28A975: Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-28A975.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/441634.jpg
579785,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy probable socketed axe fragment. Cast fragment with mould line and three grooves on its outer face, from the corrugated moulding close to the mouth of a socketed axe, probably its upper or lower side given the presence of the mould line. Fiercely abraded on all surfaces including fracture surfaces, indicating the axe was broken in antiquity and subsequently moved around in the soil. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800 BC.



Length: 34.5mm, Width: 23.7mm, Thickness: 4.7mm, Weight: 12.55gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-07T23:00:00Z,,,,12.55,,,4.7,34.5,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9114,Centred on field,53.61465305,-0.62588526,NLM-4098B1,,NLM23389a.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM23389a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1131821.jpg
580910,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A copper alloy casting sprue with two channels or gates. At the top is a broken oval shank, which divides into two arms of oval section. Both arms terminate with a smooth oval plate. Probably mid to late Bronze Age.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,,40.48,,,16,24,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Brampton,TG2324,GPS (from the finder),52.76752763,1.30411114,LIN-C0F980,,LIN2013-1370a.jpg,Bronze Age casting sprue,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN2013-1370a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/442547.jpg
580939,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-701,"Incomplete probably Middle to Late Bronze Age copper alloy chisel in worn and pitted condition, and slightly bent longitudinally. The gently flaring and blunt blade lies at the end of a round-sectioned shank. This swells to a convex break on which there are slight indications of an abrupt narrowing to a tang of uncertain cross-section. An odd object to which no good parallel has been noted. Extant length 64.5mm. Width of blade 14.5mm. Weight 18.27g. c.1600 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-07-17T23:00:00Z,2013-09-17T23:00:00Z,,,18.27,,,,64.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Topcroft,TM2793,Generated from computer mapping software,52.48765857,1.34201063,NMS-D00174,,58927_D00174_MBALBA_Chisel_ILL..jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age Chisel (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58927_D00174_MBALBA_Chisel_ILL..jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/451003.jpg
581271,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,Fragment of mouth of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe. Extant length 25mm. Weight 7.30g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-07-21T23:00:00Z,2013-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,7.3,,,,25,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Shouldham,TF6808,,52.64372579,0.48164437,NMS-E6A394,,35713_E6A394_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/35713_E6A394_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/461222.jpg
581284,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-700,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) socketed axe of Late Bronze Age dating (950 to 700 BC).



The axe is sub-rectangular in shape with a flared convex cutting edge and the socket is sub square in cross section. The socket of the axe is sub square, with an irregular mouth. The socket is 44.8 mm deep. The top edge of the socket shows little evidence of casting jets that have been trimmed flush with the socket mouth. A raised band (9.6 mm deep) is present at the level of the top of the loop beyond to the mouth of the socketed axe. The loop is well preserved and relatively small and wide with a irregular lentoid shaped cross section. It measures 14.0 mm in length and 5.4 mm wide. It is positioned below the raised band.The horizontal cast moulding is present on both faces and the edges of the axe; however this is better preserved on one face. The two long sides of the axe expand slightly along the length of the socket and terminate with an expanded blade.The blade edge has been lost through abrasion and corrosion.



The socketed axe head is a mid matt greenish brown colour with an even, well formed patina which covers most surfaces. There are several areas where this patina has been lost - probably through abrasion. Here a lighter green area can be seen, predominately around the blade edge, socket and the edge of the loop. These areas of exposed metal should be monitored for signs of active corrosion (bright greeny powdery residue). To reduce the risk of this occurring, the axe head should be stored in an dry acid-free environment, such as a sealed tupperware box, with silica gel and acid free tissue paper.



The axe measures  65.7 mm in length, 25.5 mm wide (at the socket), 31.4 mm wide (at the cutting edge), is 24.4 mm thick (socket) and 3.7 mm thick (cutting edge). It weighs 70.5 grams. 



Two similar socketed axes have been published as no 28 (probably from East Anglia) and 31 (Oundle, Northamptonshire) in Watson (1993, 6). These are considered to be Late Bronze Age in dating (Needham Period 7, c. 950 BC to c. 700 BC).



Reference:

Watson, P. 1993. Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums. BAR British Series 233. Oxford.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-10T23:00:00Z,,,,70.5,,,24.4,65.7,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,East Midlands,Derbyshire,South Derbyshire,Netherseal,SK2913,From a paper map,52.71388753,-1.57215777,WMID-E6E666,,WMID-E6E666.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-E6E666.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/443036.jpg
582399,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date. The axehead is wedge shaped with a sub-circular socket at the haft end with a circumferential raised mouth moulding. Internally the socket tapers and narrows from the mouth to the cutting edge. Externally the axehead expands gently along the body before widening into the blade and cutting edge which has a slight flare towards each blade tip. To one side of the mouth just below the moulding a D-shape sectioned attachment loop is present and casting flashes remain on both sides including the loop. The surface of the axehead is undecorated.



The metal has a shiny blackish-brown patina and is worn. The axehead is 107mm long, the mouth moulding has an external diameter of 31.4mm x 30.6mm, and is 49.8mm wide at the blade. The axehead weighs 166g.



This axehead fits into the final phases of the Late Bronze Age specifically that associated with Ewart Park industrial phase.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,166,,,,107,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Fangfoss,SE7552,GPS (from the finder),53.95866026,-0.85845812,YORYM-7E2440,,TMY0021.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/TMY0021.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444245.jpg
582682,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1001,"Fragment of an Early to Middle Bronze Age copper alloy axe, a crescentic cutting edge with an ancient break. The surfaces are pockmarked, but where patination remains it is lustrous. The edge is quite sharp where not subjected to modern scuffing. Insufficient is extant to determine whether the object was a flanged axe or a palstave. Extant length 24mm. Width 49mm. Thickness 9.5mm. c.1700 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-08T00:00:00Z,2013-06-26T23:00:00Z,,,28.99,,,9.5,24,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Griston,TL9398,Generated from computer mapping software,52.54563045,0.84486011,NMS-A329A3,,37697_A329A3_MBA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/37697_A329A3_MBA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/450992.jpg
582722,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-801,"A corroded fragment of a copper-alloy object. The sub-triangular fragment has a lenticular cross section; it appears to be the end of a sword blade and is missing its apex.



The suggested date range for this piece is Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1300-801 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-06-13T23:00:00Z,,,,4,,,3.4,24.2,1,Dot Boughton,Sarah Hoile,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Funtington,SU8307,GPS (from the finder),50.85656754,-0.82217044,SUSS-A5FC96,,SUSS-A5FC96.jpg,Bronze Age sword (fragment),Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/saehoile/SUSS-A5FC96.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/445239.jpg
583168,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-500,A complete awl of possible Bronze Age or Iron Age date measuring 69.5mm. The awl has a circular central section with a pointed terminal the opposite end is flat with a rectangular section.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.99,,,,69.44,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Bradfield,SU5974,From finder,51.46190762,-1.15212847,SUR-FE4CA5,,B13-545.JPG,Bronze Age: Awl,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B13-545.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444577.jpg
583214,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy spearhead of Middle-Late Bronze Age date, c. 1500-800 BC.



The spearhead is largely, though not entirely complete. The entire head has been cast integral, with a conical socket retaining sideloops near the base of the socket. The lower edge of the socket has suffered from damage, which is now abraded. Worn flashmarks are also visible running up the socket from the socket base to the base of the blade, longitudinally in line with the sideloops.



The blade is 'leaf-shaped', with rounded shoulders, uneven edges, and an extremely worn and rounded tip. The socket continues down the length of the blade for its entire length as a very prominent rib. The blade appears to have been considerably worn through use (and resharpening?) during its life prior to deposition.



The surface has an even green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-06T23:00:00Z,2013-09-03T23:00:00Z,,,32.9,,13.94,1.51,95.44,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Hameringham,TF3167,From finder,53.18397504,-0.04105561,NCL-049955,,NCL-049955.JPG,NCL-049955: Bronze Age spear,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-049955.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444234.jpg
583216,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy spearhead of Middle-Late Bronze Age date, c. 1500-800 BC.



The spearhead is largely, though not entirely complete. The entire head has been cast integral, with a conical socket retaining lozenge-shaped sideloops near the base of the socket. A short length of the lower edge of the socket has suffered from damage, which is only mildly abraded. Worn flashmarks are also visible running up the socket from the socket base to the base of the blade, longitudinally in line with the sideloops.



The blade is 'leaf-shaped', with angular shoulders, uneven edges, and an extremely worn but pointed tip. The socket extends into the base of the blade, but a low rib running the length of the socket become more prominent as it extends down the length of the blade. The blade appears to have been considerably worn through use (and resharpening?) during its life prior to deposition, as evidenced by the prominence of the rib at the current blade tip. The lower blade, near each shoulder probably retains the original edge of the balde, and the edge of the blade as it continues from each shoulder to the tip can be seen to have been modified, particularly as the angle of the blade increases near the tip.



The surface has thick green patches of patina on some sections of the socket and the blade. The rest of the blade has a grey-brown surface where this green patina has already been lost. There are also traces of iron corrosion, which appear to have set into channels formed by corrosion of the copper-alloy, notably on one face of the blade to either side of the rib.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-06T23:00:00Z,2013-09-03T23:00:00Z,,,53.2,,17.19,1.94,128.57,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Hameringham,TF3167,From finder,53.18397504,-0.04105561,NCL-04C9A1,,NCL-04C9A1.JPG,NCL-04C9A1: Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-04C9A1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444235.jpg
583703,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"Incomplete cast copper alloy razor or knife, semi-circular in plan, with part of the circular perforation remaining that was probably for a wooden shaft or handle. The perforation has since broken so that the full extent of the curved upper edge is not known, but the opposite straight side of the razor tapers to a sharp edge. Both sides of the blade are beveled, from about 10 mm in from the edge. Perhaps its asymmetrical shape is due to it having been modified from another tool or artefact in prehistory. Similar perforated triangular examples have been found at Phillack, Hayle in Cornwall (TRURI 1701.124) and in Northwest France. These have been traditionally associated with 'Hog's back' knives and are dated from the Late Bronze Age but they have more in common with the 'Racloir' types found in Northwest France; and the latest find from Trevalga, Tintagel of a mould for a triangular razor or 'racloir' has been dated from the Middle Bronze Age, during the Taunton phase of metalwork, c.1400-1300 cal BC (Jones A M and Quinnell, H forthcoming. 'Lines of archaeological investigation along the north Cornish coast').



A triangular perforated razor or knife is recorded in SOMDOR-FFE225 and dated from c.1020 - 800 BC (Ewart Park metalwork phase) and is identified as one of the Carp's Tongue Complex knives, similar to the more commonly known 'hog's back' variety of knife. These triangular shaped knives are strangely absent from finds in the Low Countries on the Continent, and are very rare in the rest of Central or Northern Europe, apart from the 'Racloir' type of triangular knife found in Northwest France.



Until recently, perforated racloirs have also been grouped in France with the Late Bronze Age Carp's tongue sword complex, Bronze final IIIb (Burgess 1968, 38, Fig.13, 11). However, at least two examples have recently been identified in the Rosnoën phase in France, of Bronze final I, similar to our Penard phase, which dates from c.1300-1100 BC.



A similar example of a semi-circular knife can be seen in KENT-A6C993, which is incomplete but has been identified as hog's back knife or razor and dated from c.1020-800 BC, and has been compared to similar knives found in the Boughton Malherbe Hoard (2011 T464 and KENT-15A293). ""KENT-A6C993 is in very good condition, apart from being broken, and it is indeed a hog's back knife. These tend to have an irregular five-sided outline and often some kind of ridge parallel to the long edge. CORN-28E916 could fit with the outline of a hog's back knife, but would have had to suffer differential erosion of a rather unlikely kind"" (Brendan O'Connor pers comm). O'Connor (1980, 179) includes the 'hogs-back' knives found in Britain amongst the Carp's Tongue hoards, and notes their similarity to the sub-rectangular or rectangular perforated knives found on the continent, particularly in Breton hoards. These knives are generally found across Southern-Eastern England, with a strong presence in Kent.



The closest parallel is illustrated in Piggott's paper on The Late Bronze Age Razors of the British Isles in PPS Vol.XII (1946) on page 138, Fig.8, No.45, which is classified as a Class II razor hybrid from Bishops Stortford in Essex (now in the British Museum).



Another hog's back knife with a perforation towards the upper angled edge is illustrated in Burgess (1968) on page 38, Fig.13, No.10, which is grouped with the Carp's Tongue Complex, dating from c.1000-800 BC.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar examples of razors or knives from Hayle, Cornwall and Charlcombe, Somerset on pages 423 & 507, Plates 16 & 111, Nos.127 & 621, which are referred to as Hog's back knives.","Report from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis by Kathryn Moore at Camborne School of Mines:



Tin 24.73% / Copper 21.97% / Lead 0.258% / Antimony 0.2% / Titanium 0.091% / Iron 0.089% / Arsenic 0.057% / Nickel 0.033%



Balance (gasses etc) 52.42%



The mix of elements found in the razor, listed above, suggests that the object was made of a copper alloy that is typical of that used during the Bronze Age (Dr Peter Northover pers comm). It also compares well to the ratio of elements found in the palstave in CORN-7CC998 which dates from c.1400-1300 BC.",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2013-06-11T23:00:00Z,,,,96.52,,,8,47,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Agnes,SW7351,From finder,50.31512985,-5.18987339,CORN-28E916,,oct13finds71.JPG,hogs back razor,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/oct13finds71.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444631.jpg
583849,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-750,"A Late Bronze Age pegged spearhead of Ehrenburg 1977 Class V, which has a simple leaf-shaped or ogival blade. The spear is dated from the Penard Phase - Ewart Park so c1200-750BC (Needham period 6-7). Ehremburg notes that there is a sub-classification that she calls 'short stumpy' types (p15) which have a length of less than 100mm with the width of the blade being approximately 1/3 the length. This example fits this although it could be slightly longer - she suggests that these are from the Ewart Park (1000-750 BC Needham Period 7) assemblage. This example is similar to her #36 Cookham Berks and # 94 Pusey Berks, #74 Maidenhead, Berks and #142 Old Windsor, Berks, all fig 22.



The spearhead is in fine condition with blades still sharp and it has an oval socket which still contains remains of the wooden shaft. It may have formed a deliberate deposit in a river valley.",The spear was found about 2000.,4,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,2000-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,76,,23.16,,106.88,1,Peter Reavill,David W Williams,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Theale,SU6470,From a paper map,51.42540377,-1.08088868,SUR-3B2641,,DSCN3542.JPG,Bronze Age: Spearhead,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCN3542.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444588.jpg
583972,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged chisel, with an uncertain length of the rectangular-sectioned tang missing (ancient break). At the junction of the tang and blade a pair of lateral projections act as a stop ridge. The blade flares out to a crescentic cutting edge. Cf. an example from Cambridgeshire (BH-E72CE3). Length 58mm. Width of blade 33.5mm. Weight 27.63g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-09T23:00:00Z,2013-10-13T23:00:00Z,,,27.63,,,,58,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Sedgeford,TF7137,GPS (from the finder),52.9032302,0.54106671,NMS-769173,,51078_769173_BA_Chisel_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Chisel (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/51078_769173_BA_Chisel_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/448133.jpg
584039,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Small Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, more than one third of the mouth missing (recent break). The side is blocked with iron, probably a natural deposit. The cuttng edge is scuffed. Length 64mm. Width 36.8mm. Thickness 29mm. Weight 96.04. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-09T23:00:00Z,2013-10-13T23:00:00Z,,,96.04,,,29,64,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Grimston,TF7121,Generated from computer mapping software,52.75954053,0.53269139,NMS-798AE5,,11789_798AE5_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/11789_798AE5_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/448086.jpg
584061,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"Cast copper alloy miniature flat axehead, sub-triangular in plan, and slightly lozenge-shaped in profile, with an undeveloped, straight-sided blade (not flanged), tapering to a narrow rounded butt end, which is 13 mm wide. The sides of the blade do not expand but meet the curved blade edge with an abraded width of 35 mm. The length of the flat axe is only 90 mm so it is about half the size of a standard Early Bronze Age flat axe from South-west England. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on any surface of the axe, but much of the original surface is missing, due to corrosion and abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil. The surface is now very pitted and there is active light green powdering from bronze disease within some of the pits.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar example of a slender miniature Migdale type flat axe on page 502, Plate 69, No.587, from Banner Down in Somerset, and a short but wider example of a broad Migdale type flat axe from Harlyn Bay, Cornwall, on page 418, Plate 12, No.98c, which both are associated with the Migdale metalworking tradition of the Early Bronze Age, c.2200-2000 BC.



Cowie & O'Connor, Some Early Bronze Age stone moulds from Scotland, in Kienlin & Roberts, Metals and Societies (2009) illustrate a similar miniature flat axe with straight sides from Broomhill, Penicuik, Midlothian, on page 325, Fig.10, which is dated from the Early Bronze Age.



There are similar miniature Migdale type flat axes recorded on the database in WMID-58D2F4 and LVPL-DA4598, which is referred to as a 'Biggar' variant of the Migdale type of flat axe, but these have slightly crescentic blades.



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 (c.2350-2050 cal BC). This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp.121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. pp.46-47.","Report from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis by Kathryn Moore at Camborne School of Mines:



Tin 29.95% / Copper 9.12% / Arsenic 1.04% / Iron 0.694% / Titanium 0.103% / Antimony 0.033% / Bismuth 0.026% / Zinc 0.021



Balance (gasses etc) 58.94%



The mix of elements found in the flat axehead, listed above, suggests that the object was made of a copper alloy that is typical of that used during the Bronze Age (Dr Peter Northover pers comm).",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2013-01-17T00:00:00Z,2013-01-17T00:00:00Z,,,63,,,5.7,90,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Fowey,SX1153,From a paper map,50.34651218,-4.65778576,CORN-7ACDD7,,Nov2013objects 002.jpg,miniature flat axe,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Nov2013objects 002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444763.jpg
584168,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1300,"Incomplete cast copper alloy side-looped palstave, missing its blade, with just the flanged butt end remaining, which was used to haft the axe to its wooden handle. There is less of the left flange remaining than the right flange which retains the raised casting seam that has not been filed away, running longitudinally from the butt end to the broken edge. The left side is more corroded and has been marked with an incision, parallel to the remains of the casting seam, running the length of the side of the flange. The casting seams are also off-centre, which suggests that the two-part mould may have not been perfectly alligned. There is a slight recess, partly caused by damage, below the deep stop ridge which transverses the width of the axe between the high flanged sides. But there is not enough detail to determine any moulded marks in order to be sure of the type of palstave. There are two raised areas on one side of the palstave, however, which represent the remains of the base of the side loop. Much of the original surface of the palstave is also missing, due to corrosion and abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil. The surface that remains is quite pitted and has many recessed circular facets, which suggests that it has been in a suitably wet or corrosive environment to develop such areas of bronze disease. There is active light green powdering from bronze disease in one of the pits, but corrosion is generally stable. The side loops begin to be added to the sides of palstaves during the Taunton phase of metalwork, during the Middle Bronze Age, from about 1400 BC, and continue through the Penard phase, until about 1100 BC.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar examples of South-western looped palstaves from Somerset on pages 514, 518 & 532, Plates 75, 79 & 89, Nos.654, 685 & 749, which are dated with the early palstave Groups I, II & III of the Middle Bronze Age, c.1500-1300 BC.","Report from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis by Kathryn Moore at Camborne School of Mines:



Copper 28.63% / Tin 20.84% / Iron 1.75% / Potassium 0.622% / Arsenic 0.134% / Nickel 0.093% / Antimony 0.067% / Zinc 0.035% / Lead 0.015%



Balance (gasses etc) 47.81%



The mix of elements found in the palstave, listed above, suggests that the object was made of a copper alloy that is typical of that used during the Middle Bronze Age (Dr Peter Northover pers comm).",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2012-07-31T23:00:00Z,2012-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,175.66,31,,24,81,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Luxulyan,SX0556,From finder,50.37150386,-4.74357011,CORN-7CC998,,Nov2013objects 007.jpg,side-looped palstave,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Nov2013objects 007.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444814.jpg
584231,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,410,"A Late Bronze Age to Roman (1150BC - AD410) copper alloy miniature socketed axehead: The axe is rectangular in plan with slightly concave parallel sides. The blade edge and blade tips are rounded, but not flared. The socket mouth has a rectangular internal edge, the exterior forms a asymmetrical rectangle with convex edges, particularly on narrow edge. In profile the axe an elongated triangle. Both profile faces are heavily abraded and no casting seam is visible. One profile face has the remains of a loop. The surface of the axe has an incomplete heavy brown patina, otherwise the surface has a mottled red/green matte patina where the surface is abraded. The axe measures 30.74mm long, 19.78mm wide, 12.02mm thick and weighs 14.2g. The interior of the mouth socket measures 11.86mm long and 7.13mm wide. The socket is 15.18mm deep.



The dating of miniature axeheads is from the Late Bronze Age to the Roman period, although they are more common from the Roman period. Their function is probably as an amulet or votive. This example is more faithful to Late Bronze Age socketed axeheads than miniature axeheads usually are, and the heavy patina supports this. But Kiernan (Kiernan, P. 2009 Miniature Votive Offerings in the Roman North West Verlag p. 145-7) highlights the possible link between the 're-use of prehistoric axes in Roman period sanctuaries, and the dedication of miniature axes.' He lists Roman sanctuary sites which have produced prehistoric axes, some of which include miniautes axes as Richborough, Nettleton, Wycomb, and Silchester (ibid: 146).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-07-02T23:00:00Z,2013-10-01T23:00:00Z,,,14.2,,,12.02,30.74,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Claverdon,SP2064,,52.27379194,-1.70830692,WAW-80FB93,,WAW-80FB93.jpg,"Bronze Age to Roman miniature socketed axe (plan, profile, plan and terminal).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-80FB93.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444812.jpg
584261,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2350,-1700,"A Bronze Age cast copper-alloy flat axe. In plan, the end of the butt is damaged as the corners are clipped; it has a width of c. 20.3mm. Modern damage central to the end of the butt can be identified by the lack of patina. The long side-edges of the axe are slightly flanged (being c.0.5mm thicker at the very edge than just inside it), with the stop ridge on the surface being just off centre to the widest section of the flanged sides, 48.2mm from the butt and 59.0mm from the blade. The stop ridge is 9mm thick, tapering to either end where it measures 2.45mm at the butt and 3.20mm at the blade. In plan, the blade flares outwards to form a crescent shape and is evenly curved but slightly asymmetrical. This axe is abraded and pitted overall, and has small patches of a dark green patina. This patina shows numerous vertical scratches and it is uncertain whether this is the result of the metal working procedure, or post depositional. There is no indication of any decoration.



Although a precise date can not be ascertained, the author believes this Early Bronze Age axe head to be dated between 2350 and 1700 BC. This encompasses two distinctive axe types:



2350 - 2050 BC Migdale type: metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. Similar to LVPL-DA4598



2050-1700 BC Aylesford type: metalworking tradition phase IV, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2050 - 1700 CAL. BC. Similar to IOW-242AF7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-05-22T23:00:00Z,2013-07-22T23:00:00Z,,,152,,,8.9,109.1,1,Jennifer Hughes,Jennifer Hughes,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Ropley,SU6434,Generated from computer mapping software,51.10173931,-1.08732003,HAMP-8CCCA4,,HAMP-8CCCA4.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-8CCCA4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/447632.jpg
584264,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"
A small very eroded fragment from a small spear head of mid to late Bronze Age date. Nothing of the blade edges survives, nor of the socket.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.23,,,4.88,32.74,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Stratfield Saye,SU6862,From finder,51.35301611,-1.02489573,SUR-8CE3D1,,B13-566.JPG,Bronze Age: Spearhead,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B13-566.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444871.jpg
584384,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
A thin strip of undecorated sheet gold. The long edges are folded over onto the reverse; it is broken at either end.



This object cannot be securely dated to any period but it appears to be ancient, possibly Bronze Age.  
",The object therefore fulfils the Treasure Act (1996) in that it is more than 300 years old and has a precious metal content exceeding 10%.,4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2013-10-05T23:00:00Z,,2013T715,,0.82,,,1,28,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Nuneaton and Bedworth,Bulkington,SP3785,From a paper map,52.46169857,-1.45686012,LIN-908747,,2013_T714.jpg,Undated gold strip,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/2013_T714.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/447026.jpg
584460,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"Bronze Age copper alloy spear fragment, 23mm long, 8mm wide, 4mm thick and weighing 2.99g. The object is in fair condition but with surface pitting and damage, with only part of the central spine and small sections of the blade remaining. The small size suggests a fragment from near the point of the spear. The patinated broken edges suggests breakage in antiquity.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-11-02T00:00:00Z,,,,2.99,,,4,23,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Frisby on the Wreake,SK6916,GPS (from the finder),52.73723907,-0.97949092,LEIC-946FB1,,CAD2527c.jpg,Bronze Age Spear Fragment,Phil Harding,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD2527c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/444971.jpg
584875,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this fragment is trapezoidal in plan, triangular in profile, and plano-convex in section, as it comes from one edge of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The upper face of the ingot is smooth with some dark green patches of patina, and coppery red areas of decay, and the sides and the base of the fragment have cavities typically seen in these bun ingots. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which was found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, PLate 36, Nos.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork, and an ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers, Torbay on page 457, Plate 40, No.306b, which was found with a larger plano-convex ingot.



The analysis by Camborne School of Mines below shows that the ingot is made of almost pure copper, which also suggests that it dates from the Late Bronze Age (Dr. Peter Northover pers comm).","Report from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis by Kathryn Moore at Camborne School of Mines:



Copper 93.82% / Iron 0.062% / Selenium 0.06% / Nickel 0.038% / Bismuth 0.021%



Balance (gasses etc) 5.96%",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-23T23:00:00Z,,,,243.15,21,,21,70,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Devon,East Devon,Ottery St. Mary,SY0898,GPS (from the finder),50.77425937,-3.30613864,CORN-BBA3C1,,nov13finds12.JPG,ingot (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/nov13finds12.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/445401.jpg
584925,Torc,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"A three-sided gold fragment, 25mm long, now worn and flattened. This is a fragment probably from a three-stranded twisted bar torc dating to the Middle Bronze Age, c 1300-1150BC.



Gillian Varndell, Curator, Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory","Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of this three-sided gold fragment indicated a surface composition of approximately 83-86% gold, 13-16 % silver and approximately 1% copper. The fragment weighs 5.3 grams.



Department of Conservation and Scientific Research, The British Museum",4,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,2013-09-29T23:00:00Z,2013T728,,5.3,,,,25,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Crowmarsh,SU6185,From a paper map,51.56059031,-1.12144379,SUR-CC3000,,B13-646.JPG,Bronze Age: Fragment of a torc,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B13-646.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/463349.jpg
584985,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,800,"A complete cast copper alloy awl, probably dating to the later Bronze Age (c. 1150-800 BC). Frm the centre of the object, the awl has one sub-rectangular cross section that terminates in a flattened wedge-shape while the opposing end tapers to a point. There is some pitting on the surface of the awl which suggests some age, however there is some debate as to the date of such awls, which probably first appeared in the Late Bronze Age but could conceivably have continued to have been made until much later; here the patina does suggests a early prehistoric date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-07-12T23:00:00Z,2013-10-10T23:00:00Z,,,4.1,,,,40.39,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,West Hagbourne,SU5087,Centred on field,51.57965183,-1.27982445,BERK-CE3138,,2013319.jpg,Bronze Age Awl: Awl,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2013319.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/445479.jpg
585019,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Two fragments of Late Bronze Age objects found 10 meters apart and probably forming part of a dispersed hoard.



1. Fragment of socketed axe head. A tiny section of the moulded mouth with a narrow moulding below, D-sectioned loop and broken, irregular part of one side and face. Internal casting seam on one face and external casting seam above loop. Breaks irregular, ancient and quite worn. Surviving length 41mm. Surviving width 35mm. Weight 27.0g.



2. Possible fragment from an axe head or other copper alloy object, consistent with bronze objects of a similar date to No. 1. Wedge-shaped, broken on two sides, the surviving original edges damaged and corroded. Surviving length 21mm. Surviving width 24mm. Thickness at break 11mm. Weight 18.1g.



Probably Late Bronze Age, 1000 - 700 BC","Although object No. 2 cannot be certainly ascribed to a known Bronze Age artefact type because of its condition, its proximity to object No. 1 (of known Bronze Age date) and the fact that its form and condition is not inconsistent with objects of Bronze Age date, it can, on the balance of probability, be described a dispersed hoard. The finds therefore belong to a grouping of at least two prehistoric base-metal objects and thus as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).",4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2013-09-25T23:00:00Z,2013-09-25T23:00:00Z,2013T740,,,,,,,2,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Great Ellingham,TM0498,GPS (From FLO),52.54162395,1.00684769,NMS-CF0A11,,58933_CF0A11_BA_Hoard_1.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe head,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/58933_CF0A11_BA_Hoard_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/445676.jpg
585570,Ferrule,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2200,-1000,"A copper alloy ferrule of probable Bronze Age date. The object is bi-conical with a wide central perforation running through it. Both faces appear to be decorated. And the edges are worn. Possibly from a staff or similar.



The metal has a mid brownish-green patina and is worn. The object is 44.5mm in diameter, 18.3mm thick and weighs 66.8g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,66.8,,44.5,18.3,,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bempton,TA1871,From a paper map,54.12133043,-0.19603616,YORYM-21A177,,MP0028.jpg,Bronze Age : Ferrule,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/MP0028.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/448525.jpg
585598,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1140,"A fragment of a copper alloy blade of probable Middle Bronze Age date (1400 - 1140 BC). The object is the tip of a weapon such as a rapier, sword or dirk. The blade tip has a central mid-rib and a worn lozengiform cross section with broadly parallel edges, suggesting a long slender-tipped object like a rapier sword. Although there is some damage to the point and the blade itself is slightly bent the edges and overall appearance remain in relatively good condition. Long bladed weapons are thought to be for stabbing rather than slashing (Peter Reavill pers.comm.).","
Although several items of middle to late Bronze Age date were recovered from the surrounding area, these finds are representitive of general dispersed activity in the Bronze Age landscape.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",5,,,2.79,51.96,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,SU4084,Recorded at a rally,51.55347551,-1.42447023,BERK-227481,,WWsept13_Y676.jpg,Bronze Age raiper: Rapier tip,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/WWsept13_Y676.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/445766.jpg
586497,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"A complete cast copper alloy awl of probable Bronze Age date, circa 2150 BC - 800 BC. At one end the point tapers in a sub-circular section. The tang end is flattened and becomes sub-rectangular in section. The shaft is rectangular in section. The surface of the awl is worn with an uneven dark green and mid brown surface patina. Identified as probably dating to the Bronze Age owning to the fabric of the object. However, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rodgers: 2002 Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds from Medieval York, p2729-2730. Ottaway and Rodgers note that although most awls are associated with leather working, some would have been used in woodworking, bone working and other crafts. A similar awl is recorded under reference SWYOR-320717.



Length is 58.38mm. Width at the shaft is 4.76mm and thickness at the same point is 3.83mm. Weight is 5.8g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-21T23:00:00Z,,,,5.8,,,3.83,58.38,1,Eloise Markwick,Eloise Markwick,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Weston-on-Avon,SP1551,From finder,52.15707618,-1.7821565,WAW-600E31,,WAW-600E31.jpg,Probable Bronze Age awl,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eloisemarkwick/WAW-600E31.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/448267.jpg
586758,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1850,-1750,"An incomplete cast copper alloy developed flat axe, of Early to Middle Bronze Age (1850 BC to 1750 BC) dating.



The axe is a narrow butted flat axe with a median bevel / proto stop ridge 61.2 mm from the butt end. It has tapering sides, which extend slightly above the front and back faces of the axe, a flat butt and a flared cutting edge with concave shoulders. The cutting edge was crescentric in plan and measures 2.5 mm thick and 52.0 mm wide. The butt is 20.3 mm wide and 3.9 mm thick. The width at the median bevel / proto stop ridge is 30.4 mm and it is 14.9 mm thick. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through either abrasion or wear, as has the blade edge itself.



In total the axehead measures 118.3 mm in length, with a maximum width of 52.0 mm and a maximum thickness of 14.9 mm. It weighs 242.2 g.



The axehead is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. The patina has flaked away from the surface in a couple of areas, leaving a lighter green area. These areas should be monitored regularly for signs of active copper corrosion (bronze disease) occurring. This would be visible as a bright green powdery residue appearing on the surface of the flat axehead. To reduce this risk, the axehead should be stored in a sealed air tight dry box, such as a tupperware box with a liquid seal, lined with silica gel and acid free tissue.



The object can be classified as a developed flat axe most probably an undecorated type Bandon (corresponding to Type Derryniggin in Ireland). These are dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II / III), of metalworking stage IV-V (more likely V), which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL. BC. The flat axe probably dates from c.1850-1750 BC.



Similar examples have been found at Margam, Port Talbot (Savory 1980, No. 122) and Breach Farm, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, No. 338) associated with a cremation burial recently radiocarbon dated to c. 1750 - 1600 BC. A similar example which can be found on the database is NMGW-FDBB88.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,242.2,,,14.9,118.3,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Staffordshire Moorlands,Horton,SJ9358,From finder,53.11912904,-2.10604444,WMID-9EBED8,,WMID-9EBED8.jpg,Middle to Early Bronze Age: Developed flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-9EBED8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/446423.jpg
587017,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1150,"Incomplete copper alloy Early to Mid Bronze age flat axe. The butt end is missing. The other end is slightly expanded with a curved blade. It is highly corroded with a pitted green patina.



Length: 43.0mm, width: 29.0mm, thickness: 2.2mm, weight: 31.43g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,,31.43,,,2.2,43,1,Anna Booth,Anna Booth,East Midlands,Derbyshire,South Derbyshire,Rosliston,SK2316,From finder,52.74114279,-1.66076332,LEIC-B31937,,LEIC-B31937.jpg,Early Bronze age copper alloy flat axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC-B31937.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/448904.jpg
587470,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Copper alloy Bronze Age palstave axe, The axe is complete and has a rounded, damaged, blade with a steeply angled blade edge. The centre of its body has a shallow semi-circular depression below a straight stop. It has short triangular shaped flanges. Along the casting ridge on one edge (left in picture) there is a slight protrusion and possible scars from a suspension loop?



Length: 157mm, width: 32.0mm, thickness at flange: 22.0mm, at blade: 72.0mm, weight: 451g.



the axe is similar to examples in BAR 233 36, 37 and 39 which are Shield pattern Palstaves, Burgess class I.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,,451,,,22,157,1,Anna Booth,Anna Booth,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,North Carlton,SK9478,From a paper map,53.2906374,-0.59129641,LEIC-CD1825,,LEIC-CD1825.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy palstave axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC-CD1825.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/448963.jpg
588187,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1500,"Complete miniature copper alloy flanged axhead or chisel, slight flanges, surface pitted and corroded. Slightly trapezoidal body with flaring flange, asymmetrical lenticular long-section. Length 53mm. Width 27mm. 10.5mm thick. Weighs 49.27g. Early to Middle Bronze Age, c. 2000-c.1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-01T23:00:00Z,2013-11-06T00:00:00Z,,,49.27,,,10.5,53,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Blofield,TG3211,,52.64708554,1.4280988,NMS-370DE4,,58975_370DE4_BA_FlangedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Early to Middle Bronze Age Flanged Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58975_370DE4_BA_FlangedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/450997.jpg
588209,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-600,"
A plano-convex piece of casting waste, possibly a fragment from a copper alloy casting well. Date uncertain - possibly Bronze Age..
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,58.22,,,18.26,47.16,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Soulbury,SP9026,From a paper map,51.92525401,-0.69261044,SUR-379DA3,,,,,,,
588239,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2000,-600,"
A fragment of cast copper alloy casting waste. The fragment may be a casting well, perhaps of Bronze Age date..
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.13,,,,17.61,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Denmead,SU6613,From a paper map,50.91270159,-1.0625724,-SUR 383900000000.00,,13-1126.JPG,Roman: Metal working debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/13-1126.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/451094.jpg
588838,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A complete and corroded Middle Bronze Age cast copper-alloy Group I or III palstave (1500-1300 BC). A copper alloy palstave with shield shaped pattern below the stop ridge, and raised flange facets. The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with rounded blade tips, one tip in particular is heavily abraded. The surface of the blade has traces of hammer marks forming lines which cross the blade. The cutting edge is rounded due to abrasion. The sides of the blade are concave in plan, and this curvature stops at the nicks at the junction of the blade and flange side. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. On both faces of the palstave there is a prominent stop-ridge, one of which has a swallow hole (casting flaw) behind it, on the septum. This face also has an indistinct shield decoration below the stop-ridge on the blade face. The other side this shield decoration is not visible, and this may be due to the heavy abrasion and pitting. The flange sides are an asymmetrical lozenge in plan, and on the septrum faces the flange facets are higher on one face than the other. The septrum tapers slightly towards the butt, which is damaged due to another casting flaw. The surface has patches of a drk green/brown patina, otherwise it is heavily pitted, abraded and has some active corrosion occurring. The palstave measures 166.79mm long from the blade cutting edge to the butt, 65.5mm wide from one blade tip to the other, and 31.68mm thick across the stop ridges. It weighs 494.1g.



The palstave is an early example and is classified as a Group I or III type which has a shield like decoration below the stop ridge. These group of palstaves date to the Middle Bronze Age period, and can be narrowed down to 1500-1300 BC (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/axes).","
Many thanks to the Birmingham Museums Trust Conservation Department who x-rayed the palstave.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,494.1,,,31.68,166.79,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,Wales,Powys,Powys,Ystradfellte,SN9110,From finder,51.77801769,-3.58135125,WAW-719BD3,,WAW-719BD3 x ray.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave x-ray (plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-719BD3 x ray.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/448131.jpg
589885,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-600,"A complete copper-alloy Bronze Age Awl dating to circa 900 - 600 BC. At one end the point tapers to a rounded point and has a circular section. The tang end is flattened and is sub-rectangular in section. The shaft is sub-rectangular in section. The surface of the awl is pitted and worn, with a light to dark green patina. It has been dated to the Bronze Age due to its fabric, however as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods. Awls were mostly associated with leather working, but also wood and bone working. Similar possible Bronze Age awls can be found in: Read, B. 2001. Metal Artefacts of Antiquity. Pp.91 & 94. No. 694.



Length is 60.95mm. The tang is 6.47mm in width and 3mm thick. The point is 2.62mm thick. The widest point of the shaft is 7.05mm. The awl weighs 12.88g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-13T23:00:00Z,,,,12.88,,,,60.95,1,Hannah Page,Hannah Page,South East,Kent,Shepway,Lyminge,TR1641,From finder,51.12753416,1.08557233,KENT-DD2A13,,KENT-DD2A13.jpg,Awl: A complete copper-alloy Bronze Age Awl.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hannahbpage/KENT-DD2A13.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/448710.jpg
590240,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1300,-700,"An incomplete copper-alloy late Bronze Age/early Iron Age socketed axehead missing all but a small fragment of the lip and side of the socket. There is a ridge running perpendicular to the lip, which is likely to be the mould line found on socketed axeheads. The lip itself is thicker than the rest of the fragement (3.50mm as opposed to 2.20mm). It has a medium green patina. The outer surface is rough while the inner surface is very smooth.Overall the fragment measures 17.00mm long, 21.35mm wide, 5.50mm thick and weighs 4.23g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.23,,,5.5,17,1,Alastair Willis,Alastair Willis,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Rockbourne,SU0919,,50.97034799,-1.87319787,WILT-F3A328,,WILT-F3A328.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-F3A328.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/453066.jpg
590538,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-750,"A gold alloy 'finger shaped' ingot. The ingot is broadly rectangular in plan with a facetted oval / plano-convex shaped cross section. The ingot tapers in width from a bulbous terminal to a slender section which is broken; the break is recent, fresh and unabraded. The bulbous end has a slightly faceted section. There is no evidence of hammer marks or small striations, the surface is slightly pitted through corrosion and abrasion. The ingot is a yellow colour with a smooth surface.





Dimensions:

The ingot measures: 35.6mm length, 10.7mm maximum width, 7.9mm maximum thickness; and it weighs 22.8 grams





Metal content:

Analysis using surface XRF undertaken at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery / Birmingham Museums Trust shows the ingot is composed of

Gold (Au) 79.8%, Silver (Ag) 14.6%, Copper (Cu) 5.7%. The analysis of the ingot was undertaken on a clean and unabraded section of the break - giving analysis from the core of the ingot





Discussion:

Ingots of this size, shape and composition are notoriously difficult to date / identify to specific archaeological periods. The lack of hammer marks and other decorative features also make this task additionally problematic. The gold composition (above) does not preclude a Bronze Age date but it is unlikely to be of Early Bronze Age date. The copper content suggests it was added as an alloying ingredient and the gold/silver ratio could be natural alluvial gold. A similar planeo-convex ingot was discovered within a hoard of gold bracelets from Llanarmon-yn-ial, Denbighshire. (NGMW accession number: 82.93H/1-5/ Green 1982). As such it is possible to suggest that this example dates from the later Bronze Age c. 1500 - 750 BC)","I believe that both the precious metal content (gold and silver) of the ingot and the date of manufacture in the later Bronze Age fulfils the requirements of the Treasure Act.





References:

Green, H S, 1982, 'A late Bronze Age hoard from Llanarmon-yn-ial', Archaeology in Clwyd 5, 15.





Powell, N and Varndell, G. (2005) A bronze Age ingot from Wembury, Devon : DEV-5B7171 / 2005-T123
http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/96955





Richardson, A and Varndell, G. (2005) A bronze Age ingot from Ashbourne, Kent :KENT-ED8F86 / 2005-T123
http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/107065





Varndell, G. 2000: A Late Bronze Age Gold Ingot from Liddington, Wiltshire in Treasure Annual Report 1998-1999 DCMS London pp15 ref 11",3,Gold,Silver,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2013-09-13T23:00:00Z,,2013T850,,22.8,,,7.9,35.6,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,East Claydon,SP7426,,51.92760744,-0.92523652,HESH-092511,,HESH-092511.jpg,Bronze Age ingot or torc fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eloisemarkwick/HESH-092511.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/455655.jpg
590754,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1000,700,"Fragment of mouth of a probable Late Bronze Age socketed axe. Oval-sectioned, broken at both ends, offset casting seam on outer and inner face. Extant length 23.5mm. Weight 6.82g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-13T23:00:00Z,2013-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,6.82,,,5,23.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Grimston,TF7121,,52.75954053,0.53269139,NMS-1CC1F2,,11789_1CC1F2_BA_SocketedAxe_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Probable Socketed Axe (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/11789_1CC1F2_BA_SocketedAxe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/458963.jpg
590761,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-800,"A fragment of an ingot or, perhaps more likely, an incomplete piece of goldwork from the production process. Half of the fragment has been hammered into a bar with a relatively regular square cross-section. The end appears to have been cut. The remainder of the fragment has not been as highly worked and is a relatively irregular sub-rectangular shape that tapers away to a thinner cross-section. It is not clear whether this end has been cut or whether it has broken.



The more highly worked end of the fragment can be compared with a fragment with rectangular profile from Chalvington with Ripe in East Sussex (Treasure case: 2008 T425). The less highly worked end of the fragment can be compared with a number of probable prehistoric (probably Bronze Age) ingot fragments, including examples from Brabourne in Kent (Treasure case: 2005 T259), Trowse with Newton, Norfolk (Treasure case: 2002 T99), and the more substantial finger-shaped ingot from East Claydon, Buckinghamshire (2013 T850) and West Knoyle in Wiltshire (Treasure case: 2014 T686). It can, therefore, on the balance of probabilities, be considered to be of prehistoric (probably Bronze Age) date.



Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis undertaken on the surface of the gold by the Department of Conservation and Scientific Research at the British Museum indicated a surface composition of approximately 91-92% gold, 6-7 % silver and approximately 2% copper. This is consistent with a Bronze Age date.



Dimensions: Length: 10.5mm; Sub-rectangular cross-section of 9mm by 5mm; Weight: 11.64g",,4,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2013-09-01T23:00:00Z,,2013T873,,11.64,,,,10.5,1,Katie Marsden,Katie Marsden,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,Wix,TM1629,,51.91761179,1.13948243,ESS-1D0C48,,2013T873a.JPG,Bronze Age (possibly) gold ingot,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2013T873a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/511042.jpg
590895,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead, the crescentic cutting edge with the end of the socket just visible in theancient break. The surfaces and the break are stained brown. The cutting edge is sharp despite a little scuffing, both old and recent. Width 43.8mm. Thickness 10mm. Extant length 20mm. Weight 26.48g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-16T23:00:00Z,2013-11-13T00:00:00Z,,,26.48,,,10,20,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,South Lopham,TM0381,Generated from computer mapping software,52.38937547,0.98178427,NMS-324D21,,58941_324D21_BA_SocketedAxhead.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58941_324D21_BA_SocketedAxhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/456282.jpg
591340,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl. At the junction of the tang and blade the cross-section is sub-square. The blade's cross-section remains as it tapers to the point while the tang is wedge-shaped, i.e. two sides narrow to a sharp terminal while the other two converge very slightly. Length 76.5mm. Width / thickness at the centre 6 x 5.5mm. Weight 11.12g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-21T23:00:00Z,2013-11-18T00:00:00Z,,,11.12,,,5.5,76.6,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Beeston with Bittering,TF8915,Generated from computer mapping software,52.69967661,0.79566178,NMS-745577,,4085_745577_BA_Awl.jpg,Late Bronze Age Awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/4085_745577_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/459966.jpg
591537,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier blade, both ends broken in antiquity. Surviving length 39mm. Width 22mm. 5mm thick. Weighs 15.20g. c.1600-c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-19T23:00:00Z,2013-11-18T00:00:00Z,,,15.2,,,5,39,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Stoke Holy Cross,TG2400,,52.5517222,1.30261682,NMS-87E897,,53151_87E897_BA_Sword_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age rapier. Illustration by Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/53151_87E897_BA_Sword_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/535679.jpg
591567,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Incomplete butt end of a Middle Bronze Age rapier and the upper end of the blade, in rather abraded condition. Dark brown patination remains in some places. Scuffing has removed both cutting edges and it is only at the shoulder that any of the original edge survives. Extant length and width 38 and 32.5mm. Thickness 4.8mm. Weight 19.97g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-21T23:00:00Z,2013-11-18T00:00:00Z,,,19.97,,,4.8,38,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Scarning,TF9611,Generated from computer mapping software,52.66127769,0.89673774,NMS-887C74,,58997_887C74_BA_Sword_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Rapier (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/58997_887C74_BA_Sword_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462151.jpg
591616,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date. The fragment is the blade end including the base of the socketed area. It is a tapering rectangle in section and trapezoidal in plan with a worn cutting edge and rounded corners. The breaks at the socketed end are old and worn and casting flashes are present along either side. The interior is filled with organic material as a result of its deposition.



The metal has a mid brownish-green patina and is worn. The fragment is 52mm long, 49.1 to 35.4mm wide, 19 to 3.7mm thick and weighs 100g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,100,,,19,52,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Skidby,TA0233,From a paper map,53.78334131,-0.45342222,YORYM-89A592,,RKH0001.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/RKH0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/451662.jpg
591728,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, surviving end comprises part of the cutting edge and one side to just beyond the start of the internal socket. Surviving length 22mm. Surviving width 31mm. Weighs 21.90g. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-19T23:00:00Z,2013-11-18T00:00:00Z,,,21.9,,,,22,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Shouldham,TF6707,,52.63505286,0.46637364,NMS-9B06E2,,40287_9B06E2_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Axe illustration,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/40287_9B06E2_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100434.jpg
591781,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"Late Bronze Age socketed hammer, face rectangular, 23.5 x 21.0mm but with convex sides. Section waisted expanding into a 14.8mm flared collar separated from the body by a slight step its section developing from 18.4 x 19.1mm square to almost circular at the mouth. The mouth has a diameter of around 17.2mm, the socket is 44.8mm deep and tapers down to a flat, oval area at its base. Lines of casting flash mark the mould joint lines down the two sides. One of these is slightly curved the other is set at 12 degrees to the axis of the hammer. Much of the hammer's original surface is lost but what remains is covered with fine, transverse striations suggesting finishing. The face of the hammer is rounded and set at 6 degrees to its axis, although worn it retains traces of striations. The casting flash abuts transverse mouldings run, parallel to the face, across each side of the hammer.



While cast bronze hammers are known from Middle Bronze Age hoards this object finds it best parallels in the late Bronze Age and resembles examples from the Reach Fen, Cambs. Hoard (Inventaria Archaeologia GB 17/3, no. 34 (1956) 3rd set), Isle of Harty, Kent (ibid. GB 18.3, no 22) , Thorndon Suffolk, (ibid. GB 11, 1955, 2nd set) and Rosebury Topping, North Yorkshire, Catalogue fo the Bateman Collection, Sheffield Museum 1899, 88.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,94.85,,,21,54.7,1,Kevin Leahy,Kevin Leahy,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Spofforth with Stockeld,SE3652,From a paper map,53.96283588,-1.45278752,FAKL-9C9543,,Weatherby socketed hammer..jpg,Bronze Age socketed hammer,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kleahy/Weatherby socketed hammer..jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/449942.jpg
591949,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-701,Fragment of the cutting edge of a Bronze Age axehead of uncertain type. Length 9.5mm. Width 37.5mm. Thickness 4.6mm. Weight 5.45g.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-16T23:00:00Z,2013-11-20T00:00:00Z,,,5.45,,,4.6,9.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Suffolk,Mid Suffolk,Mendham,TM2879,Generated from computer mapping software,52.36159688,1.34717252,NMS-C88016,,,,,,,
592051,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Tip of Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead in abraded condition, broken across socket which extends almost to the point. Surviving length 27mm. Width 15mm. Weighs 5.18g. 1000-701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-15T23:00:00Z,2013-11-20T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,27,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Snetterton,TL9889,,52.4630323,0.91314501,NMS-EF5183,,59675_EF5183_LBA_SpearFragment_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Spear (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/59675_EF5183_LBA_SpearFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462157.jpg
592354,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy blade, of Middle Bronze Age dating (1500 CAL BC to 1150 CAL BC - Needham's Period 5).



The blade fragment is sub trapezoidal in plan, and lentoid in cross section. The blade tapers towards either edge. The edges to the top and bottom are old, pre depostional breaks. No evidence of rivet holes are present at the top of the blade fragment. No decoration is present on either the front or back of the blade.



It measures 54.6 mm in length, has a maximum width of 19.4 mm and a minimum of 9.2 mm. It is 3.7 mm thick in the centre of the blade and 2.7 mm thick along the blade edges. It weighs 12.0 g.



The blade fragment is a mid to dark brown colour, with an even surface patina.



A similar blade fragment has been recorded on the PAS database as WMID-277BF6.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12,,,3.7,54.6,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wyre Forest,Chaddesley Corbett,SO8771,From finder,52.33692634,-2.19221822,WMID-05B234,,WMID-05B234.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete blade,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-05B234.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/450357.jpg
592401,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a copper alloy blade, probably a double-edged tanged razor dating from the Late Bronze Age, about 1,000 - 800BC. The fragment is roughly leaf-shaped with a flat diamond-shaped cross-section. The outside edges are largely missing. Part of the rectangular sectioned tang remains though most has broken off. There is no decoration on the surface. A smooth mid green patina survives in places but mud adhering to the faces obscures much of the surface. A fairly broad, flat rib can be seen on both faces, running from the tang towards the point of the blade. The length is 38mm, the width is 18mm, thickness 3.5mm and the weight 4.32g. Associated with LANCUM-0788A0.



More complete examples can be seen: SWYOR-CA128E and YORYM-4525A3. Associated with LANCUM-06AA41, LANCUM-0633E7, LANCUM-064172, LANCUM-0788A0, LANCUM-BC95E9 and LANCUM-064172.","
Peter Reavill comments that Double edged razors have a distribution which was ""Widespread across Britain and Ireland, particularly in the Midlands, Yorkshire, Wessex and the Thames area."" He goes on to cite The PAS Bronze Age Guide by Ben Roberts, that: ""The term double-edged razor covers three broad types of the same implement; those that were handled, [those] with a pierced tang, and [those] with a non-pierced tang. Representing the earliest form of copper-alloy razor, these varied in shape, starting initially with the handled examples which resembled spearheads (i.e. elongated triangular-edges, with one or two rivet holes at the base for affixing a handle. The tanged varieties were more leaf shaped, echoing the styles that came afterwards. The overall shape and size of these razors varied slightly across different regions of continental Europe, resulting in many different typologies and sub-categories.""
",4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Controlled archaeological investigation (stratified),2013-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,,4.32,,,3.5,38,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Bolton-le-Sands,SD4867,From finder,54.09625643,-2.79660665,LANCUM-069462,,,,,,,
592407,Harness Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy ring probably Late Bronze Age dating 1000 to 800BC. It is circular in shape with a defined circumferential ridge running around the centre and flattened faces above and below. The interior surface exhibits scratch or wear marks which appear to have occurred during use. The ring has a pitted dark brown patina with patches of green. The length is 30mm, and the width is 30mm, the thickness is 5.5mm and the weight is 11.32g. Associated with, LANCUM-0633E7, LANCUM-0788A0, LANCUM-060825.jpg, LANCUM-064172 and LANCUM-069462and LANCUM-069462. Similar to WILT-091140, LANCUM-672196 and NMS-6E1D71.



Similar rings have been discovered in a number of Bronze Age hoards and have been suggested as horse harness fittings, as being part of the handles of a sheet-metal cauldron of Class A1 (Type Tul-na-cross) and Class B1 (Types Llyn Fawr, Ballyshannon and Castlederg) (Gerloff 2010, Pl. 17, 7b; Pl.32, 14a; Pl. 33, 14f-h; Pl. 34, 15d, Pl. 54, 33c and Pl. 66, 37g)., or part of a chain from which a cauldron or other vessel was suspended over a fire.",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Controlled archaeological investigation (stratified),2013-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,,11.32,,5.5,,30,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Bolton-le-Sands,SD4867,From finder,54.09625643,-2.79660665,LANCUM-06AA41,,LANCUM06AA41.jpg,Late Bronze Age Harness ring 1100 to 800BC,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM06AA41.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/523795.jpg
592416,Cremation,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-850,"A copper alloy tab with an iron attachment or stud which appears to be broken. 2. A lump of metal, possibly copper alloy which appears to have been molten. 3. A lump of metal possibly silver or lead which appears to have been molten. 1=29mm 2=20mm, 3= 16mm in length, 1=15mm, 2=9mm,3=9mm in width and 1=14mm, 2=8mm,3=6mm in thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,White metal,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Controlled archaeological investigation (stratified),2013-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Bolton-le-Sands,SD4867,From a paper map,54.09625643,-2.79660665,LANCUM-06C260,,metal.jpg,"1. Copper alloy tab with an iron attachment or stud which appears to be broken. 2. A lump of metal, possibly copper alloy which appears to have been molten. 3. A lump of metal possibly silver or lead which appears to have been molten.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hanzowhite/metal.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/450824.jpg
592420,Cremation,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-850,"3 fragments of what appears to be copper alloy metal fragments each of which appears to have been molten, although 1 appears to have possibly been worked. 1=19mm 2=24mm, 3= 34mm in length, 1=15mm, 2=17mm,3=21mm in width and 1=6.5mm, 2=2mm,3=14mm in thickness",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Controlled archaeological investigation (stratified),2013-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Bolton-le-Sands,SD4867,From a paper map,54.09625643,-2.79660665,LANCUM-06D222,,copperalloy.jpg,"3 fragments of what appears to be copper alloy metal fragments each of which appears to have been molten, although 1 appears to have possibly been worked",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hanzowhite/copperalloy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/450822.jpg
592432,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy Dirk. The blade of the Dirk has a sub lozengiform cross section, raised central rib and bevelled edges, burnished with fine longitudinal striations. Weights 10.52g. Surviving length 60.5mm. Surviving width (at break) 21mm. Thickness at break 4mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-01T23:00:00Z,2013-12-02T00:00:00Z,,,10.52,,,4,60.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Therfield,TL3139,,52.03394109,-0.09172293,NMS-070192,,Hertfordshire_070192_BA_Dirk.jpg,Bronze Age dirk,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/Hertfordshire_070192_BA_Dirk.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/533767.jpg
592452,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier. The blade of the rapier has a pointed oval cross section, central ridge and bevelled edges, burnished with fine longitudinal striations. Weights 15.91g. Surviving length 67mm. Surviving width (at break) 17mm. Thickness at break 4.5mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-01T23:00:00Z,2013-12-03T00:00:00Z,,,,,,4.5,67,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Therfield,TL3139,,52.03394109,-0.09172293,NMS-0762D2,,Hertfordshire_0762D2_BA_Rapier.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/Hertfordshire_0762D2_BA_Rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/533766.jpg
592460,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy (bronze) blade, probably from a palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating (c. 1500 BC to c. 1150 BC).



The blade fragment is triangular in both shape and cross section. Only the lower portion of the blade is present, it has broken below the stop ridge. The sides are concave. The cutting edge is lost, but it still retains a convex form.



The palstave fragment measures 61.8 mm in length, 41.8 wide (at the blade), 24.8 mm wide (at the break), 16.7 mm thick (at the break) and 6.0 mm thick (at the blade). It weighs 144.8 g.



The palstave was tested at Birmingham Museums Trust Conservation Laboratory using a Mistral XRF machine to determine the composition of the alloy.






Location

			
Cu (%)

			
Fe (%)

			
Pb (%)

			
Sn (%)

			
In (%)

			
Al (%)

		


Front

			
8.07

			
17.46

			
0.40

			
40.60

			
0.12

			
33.34

		


Back

			
43.71

			
2.68

			
0.26

			
23.74

			
-

			
29.61

		



The palstave fragment is a mid brown to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of most of the original surface detail. All breaks are patinated.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,144.8,,,16.7,61.8,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Solihull,Solihull,Elmdon,SP1882,From finder,52.43568163,-1.73665887,WMID-078450,,WMID-078450.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-078450.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/450423.jpg
592561,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1125,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy spearhead dating from the later Middle Bronze Age, about 1400 – 1125 BC. The remaining portion of the spearhead is triangular in plan with a pointed ovate section. Pronounced midribs are present on both faces of the spear expanding from the pointed tip to a lozenge terminal end. The blade extends to either side of the midrib terminating in abraded edges.



The metal has a light blackish-green patina and is worn. The spearhead is 60.35mm long, 26.93mm wide, 11.82mm thick and weighs 28g.



This fragment is likely to be the lower portion of YORYM-9976A6 which is from the same location. That portion of the spearhead has basal loops indicative of spearheads of the Taunton and Penard phases, 1400 – 1125 BC (Davis, 2017); the type corresponds with Davis Group 8.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28,,,11.82,60.35,1,Miss Rania Zein-Elabdin,Miss Rania Zein-Elabdin,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Langtoft,TA0067,GPS (from the finder),54.08920436,-0.47264845,YORYM-17F9E2,,WS0335.jpg,Bronze Age : Spear,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/WS0335.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/451345.jpg
592813,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Fragment of the blade of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier, both ends broken, and badly pockmarked on one face. A broad central band on both faces is flat. Burgess and Gerloff 1981 Group IV. Extant length 20.5mm. Width 19.5mm. Thickness 3.7mm. Weight 5.33g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-07-02T23:00:00Z,2013-10-13T23:00:00Z,,,,,,3.7,20.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7206,Generated from computer mapping software,52.62451184,0.53966199,NMS-2FD5C5,,17600_2FD5C5_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/17600_2FD5C5_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154586.jpg
592816,Finger Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy finger ring formed from a coiled pointed-oval sectioned bar. The intact end is narrowed and rounded. One and a half coils remain. External diameter 18 - 19.5mm. Width and thickness of bar 4.5 and 1.6mm. Cf. Smith 1959, GB 47 no.5 and SUSS-C5D042. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-07-02T23:00:00Z,2013-10-13T23:00:00Z,,,,,19.5,,,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7206,Generated from computer mapping software,52.62451184,0.53966199,NMS-300286,,17600_300286_BA_FingerRing.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Finger Ring,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/17600_300286_BA_FingerRing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/461868.jpg
592949,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged knife with expanded butt and leaf-shaped blade with a low mid-rib, in very sharp condition with brown surfaces. A few small patches have spalled to reveal verdigris. Length 118.5mm. Width 29mm. Thickness 4.3mm. Weight 34.16g. Very similar to an example in the Reach Fen hoard (Hawkes 1956, GB17 3 no. 3). c.800 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-16T00:00:00Z,2013-12-16T00:00:00Z,,,34.16,,,4.3,118.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7106,Generated from computer mapping software,52.62482744,0.52490383,NMS-5BFE67,,18550_5BFE67_LBA_Knife.jpg,Late Bronze Age Knife,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/18550_5BFE67_LBA_Knife.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/550184.jpg
592993,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-701,"Fragment of the cutting edge of a Bronze Age cast copper alloy axehead of uncertain type, with ancient breaks and recent scuffing. Extant length, width and thickness 10.5, 29.5 and 5.7mm. Weight 5.41g. c.2350 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-11-14T00:00:00Z,2013-12-11T00:00:00Z,,,5.41,,,5.7,10.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Attleborough,TM0396,GPS (from the finder),52.52404209,0.99090198,NMS-878ED1,,56965_878ED1_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Axehead (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/56965_878ED1_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462297.jpg
593384,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy probable Bronze Age spearhead.  The fragment is pointed oval in cross-section, with both ends broken.  Further identification is difficult due to damage of the object. The fragment is of a dark green colour with pitted surface and measures 16.9 mm long, 18 mm wide (maximum), 6.3 mm thick and weighs 6.7 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,6.7,,,6.3,16.9,1,Stephanie Smith,Stephanie Smith,South East,East Sussex,Lewes,Firle,TQ4806,Centred on field,50.83461569,0.10037755,SUSS-6C4BF6,,SUSS-6C4BF6.jpg,Fragment of a Bronze Age Spearhead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS-6C4BF6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/451053.jpg
593527,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
A cast copper alloy fragment, probably a loop from a Late Bronze Age socketed axe.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.23,,17.18,6.9,,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2149,From a paper map,51.2273739,-0.2684997,SUR-9AC717,,13-1421.JPG,Late bronze age: Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/13-1421.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/455756.jpg
594136,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, point only, finely cast with the socket extending into the blade and containing blackened remains of burnt clay. Fine ribs flank the tapering srib of the socket on both faces. Surviving length 61mm. Surviving width 28mm Thickness at break 10mm. c.900 - c.800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-11-12T00:00:00Z,2013-12-09T00:00:00Z,,,,,,10,61,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Sedgeford,TF7036,,52.89456655,0.52569155,NMS-D636B5,,32735_D636B5_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Spear (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/32735_D636B5_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462321.jpg
594503,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,"Copper alloy Bronze Age blade fragment from a knife. This has a low oval cross-section with tapered blades on either side. On both the top and bottom is a line that run parallel with the blade, demarking the cutting edge of the main body of the knife. The front and back ends are truncated making it possible that this is around the middle of the middle of the knife. This artefact date to the late Bronze Age The date range for this type of knife is c1100 to c800BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-01T00:00:00Z,2014-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,24.35,,,7,35,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Chilcompton,ST6350,From finder,51.24796284,-2.5314936,GLO-FF53F7,,DSC1186.jpg,GLO-FF53F7 Bronze Age knife blade fragment,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/DSC1186.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/451955.jpg
594505,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Copper alloy socketed spearhead that dates to the middle Bronze Age. The blade of the spearhead is leaf-shaped with gently curving edges, the tip of the spearhead missing. The socket is triangular and tapers from the base to the tip of the spearhead. On both sides (8mm above the base) is an integral loop, both of which are truncated. On both sides above the loop (33 mm from the base) is a small rectangular hole, this is presumably a result of the manufacturing process and could be were a pin held sockets core during casting. The aperture at the base (16mm in diameter). The spearhead appears to be undecorated, but corrosion has removed the entire original surface leaving a pitted exterior. This artefact dates to 1500-1150BC, see WAW-DC8222 for further discussion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-01T00:00:00Z,2014-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,58.82,,,19,116,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Chilcompton,ST6350,From finder,51.24796284,-2.5314936,GLO-FF6DB7,,DSC1192.jpg,GLO-FF6DB7 Bronze Age spearhead,Bristol City Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/DSC1192.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/451956.jpg
594585,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A folded fragment of a Middle Bronze Age gold bracelet or ring with a bundle of compressed gold ribbons wedged within the fold. (c. 1500-c. 1100 BC). Treasure case no. 2014 T15.



The object is largely sub-rectangular in plan, rectangular in cross-section and has been folded widthways through c. 180°. The narrow end is in the form of a hook-like terminal and is square in cross-section. The sides flare outwards from the hook to form a 'tab' with a break at the end. Part of the break is uneven and probably accidental and the other part has been deliberately chopped obliquely. Both faces are plain and have small scuffs and scratches. The bundle is formed by numerous thin and narrow ribbons which have been tightly compressed together. Following its discovery the bundle was detached by the finder in order to remove soil.



The artefact is closely paralleled by two conjoined objects classified as rings (possibly ear ornaments), from Binstead, West Sussex (TAR: 1998-1999, p. 10-11, fig. 3a).



A similar object, classified as a bracelet, has been recorded from Northfleet, Kent (TAR: 2004 T326; PAS: KENT-AAA333).



In discussing the Kent bracelet, Stuart Needham has commented:



'Its features do match those of a type of bracelet which occurs in just two Welsh hoards, from Capel Isaf, Dyfed, and Maesmelan Farm, Powys. The type, known as Capel Isaf, comprises a flat band strengthened by triangular-section beadings along either edge. At either terminal the band tapers quickly to a hooked tang, one of which is rod-like, the other a flatter strip; these two interlock to close the bracelet. The Northfleet fragment appears to have had a narrower band than the Welsh parallels, but its metal composition is similar with low copper and between about 9 and 16 % silver. Making this identification does not necessarily offer definitive dating since the type is not associated with datable objects. The Capel Isaf hoard contains, in addition to two of this type, two more broad-band bracelets which are plainer in design, and a small fragment of twisted strip which is likely to be the terminal of another ornament (Savory 1977: 37-53; Savory 1980: no 302, 195 fig. 46, pl. VIII). The Maesmelan Farm hoard has a simple rectangular section penannular bracelet in association with one of Capel Isaf type (Green et al 1983: 394-398). The prevailing opinion is that these are of Bronze Age date and, if so, they are likely to date to before the middle of the Bronze Age (circa 1500/1400 BC), after which the copper content of the gold rises significantly. A mature Early Bronze Age or earliest Middle Bronze Age date is feasible and would tie in with a similar date for the Heyope ribbon torcs with similar terminals from a hoard in Powys.'



Bracelet or ring: 32.61mm (length); 65.80mm (length if straightened); 15.38mm (width); 1.29mm (thickness). Weight: 7.81g.



Bundle: 13.21mm (length); 11.9mm (width); 4.29mm (thickness); 0.89mm (width of individual piece of ribbon). Weight: 1.39g.



Overall weight: 9.20g.



Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of a group of eight ornaments was undertaken by Sue La Niece at the British Museum. It indicated a surface composition for the bracelet fragment of approximately 89-91% gold, 8-10 % silver with approximately 1% copper. The surface composition of the wire is approximately 86-88% gold, approximately 10-12% silver and approximately 1% copper.The full report is appended.",The find contains a minimum of 10% gold and predates 1714. It thus qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 in terms of precious metal content and age.,3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-01-08T00:00:00Z,,2014T15,,9.2,,,1.29,32.62,2,Frank Basford,Frank Basford,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Freshwater,SZ3389,GPS (from the finder),50.69971187,-1.53409693,IOW-0195D2,,2014 T15.JPG,Bronze Age Gold Bracelet or Ring. Treasure case no. 2014 T15,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fbasford/2014 T15.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/454181.jpg
595254,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete and distorted Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, the badly scuffed cutting edge and part of the socket. The breaks are ancient but with much recent scuffing. Extant length 37.5mm. Width 35mm. Thickness 11.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



B field",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,2013-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,35.09,,,11.5,37.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1199,Generated from computer mapping software,52.5479357,1.11054542,NMS-66E0E2,,59696_66E0E2_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead (illustrated by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/59696_66E0E2_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462314.jpg
595407,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1140,"An incomplete copper alloy Bronze Age (1275-1140 BC) arrowhead, missing its tip and the ends of the barbs. There is a large crack where the tang joins the rest of the arrowhead, which has nearly split it into two parts.



Cast in a two piece mould, this arrowhead is barbed and tanged in form, with the two sides forming an angle of approximately 30 degrees. It is 41.50mm long (approximately 20mm of the original length is missing), 17.45mm wide from barb to barb, 3.20mm thick and weighs 5.46g. The tang is complete and measures c.22.90mm long, 8.20mm wide and 2.50mm thick. The arrowhead has a low mid rib, giving the object a lozengiform section. Much of the original surface survives with a dark green patina, but it is heavily scratched and pitted. The exposed surfaces are mid green in colour, but there are patches of red suggesting it was deposited in ground containing iron.



There is only one bronze arrowhead from a secure Bronze Age context in Britain and that was in the Penard hoard, first reported in Archaeologica 71, page 138. The Penard arrowhead also has a mid rib. At the time of its discovery it was a unique find in Britain and was presumed to be an import as there are numerous finds of bronze arrowheads recorded from Northern France.



However, thanks to an increase in the number of reported metal detected finds, Bronze Age bronze arrowheads are now growing in number, though they remain a rare group of artefact. Dr Colin Pendleton reports that Suffolk has 17 known examples, of which 5 can be termed barbed and tanged. Norfolk has at least 4 recorded and more examples are being added to the database from around the country. This suggests that bronze arrowheads were also a British tradition.



Though the barbed and tanged form was used in flint from the Early Bronze Age to the Middle Bronze Age, the evidence from Penard, which dates from 1275-1140 BC, suggests that copper alloy arrowheads did not come into fashion until later in the Middle Bronze Age. Therefore this is the suggested date range for this arrowhead.



A similar arrowhead albeit with a mid ridge on one side rather than a mid rib is ESS-A41D75.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.46,,,3.2,41.5,1,Alastair Willis,Alastair Willis,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Teffont,ST9832,From finder,51.08731112,-2.02993243,WILT-6B6CD4,,WILT-6B6CD4.jpg,Bronze Age arrowhead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-6B6CD4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/458495.jpg
595700,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"An incomplete developed flat axe with hammer raised flanges of later Early Bronze Age date (c. 2000 CAL BC to c. 1700 CAL BC).



Around 25% of the axehead is present, with the blade and part of the body present. The butt and rest of the body is missing, presumed lost in antiquity. The break is patinated, suggesting that it happened in antiquity.



The axehead is broadly sub rectangular in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. At the break, the body of the axehead measures 26.4 mm wide and 12.9 mm thick. Neither the septum or the median bevel are present. The flanges are lozenge-shaped and are likely to have been raised rather than cast. In profile they are D shape and eroded projecting a maximum of 1.0 mm above the body of the axe. The sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge with a width of 68.0 mm. There are a series of patinated striations (incised lines / file marks) running across the width of the axe. These may be a result of sharpening the cutting edge.



Overall the developed axe fragment measures 47.7 mm in length, 68.0 mm wide and 12.2 mm thick. It weighs 94.9 g.



The axe is a mid brown colour with an even surface patina. There are a couple of areas of pitting where the patina is no longer present, leaving a lighter green area.



Although incomplete the classification of the axe matches the descriptions and illustrations of the axe type Arreton ( (cf Burgess and Schmidt: Axes of Northern Britain pp65 - 75 specifically 409, 411 and 421) which is dated to Early Bronze Age III, of metalworking stage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 CAL BC to 1700 CAL BC. Burgess and Schmidt suggest from their study that the distribution of this Arreton type concentrates in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Their work though looks directly at the axes of Scotland and Northern England.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,94.9,,,12.2,47.7,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Clifton Campville,SK2410,From finder,52.68716296,-1.64638771,WMID-90A351,,WMID-90A351.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Incomplete developed flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-90A351.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/452847.jpg
595756,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bronze Age (-1,000 to -801) axe fragment: The remaining portion of the copper alloy axe is the blade which has a broken edge traversing the body of the axe. The blade cutting edge is almost symmetrical and is rounded and blunt. In plan the blade tips/sides flare outwards markedly. In section, from the break to the blade the section is an elongated triangle. The break, which is a short rectangle in plan, is not recent as the patina on the break matches that on the surface of the axe. The surface of the axe has patches of a well developed dark brown patina. It weighs 62.3g. From the cutting edge to the broken edge it measures 39.52mm; across the blade, from tip to tip, it measures 45.6mm wide; across the break it is 12.57mm thick.



The whether the axe was originally a socketed axe or flat axe is not known for certain but the size at the break may suggest it is more likely to be a socketed axe dating to the late Bronze Age; 1,000 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-01T00:00:00Z,2013-10-29T00:00:00Z,,,62.3,,,12.57,39.52,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,Eastern,Suffolk,Suffolk Coastal,Linstead Magna,TM3276,From finder,52.33299703,1.40373766,WAW-93CA61,,WAW-93CA61.jpg,Bronze Age Axe (plan and reverse).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-93CA61.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/452943.jpg
595811,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Butt end of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave, ancient break, length 34mm, width 28mm, thickness 17mm, weight 43.4g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.



Field T3",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,2013-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,43.4,,,17,34,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Tacolneston,TM1494,Generated from computer mapping software,52.50188446,1.1515025,NMS-9539E4,,33431_9539E4_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/33431_9539E4_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462312.jpg
596201,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy chisel, part of the cutting edge in abraded condition with some patches of patination remaining. Width 32.5mm. Length 10mm. Thickness 5.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Field MB7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,2013-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,5.5,10,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Forncett,TM1593,Generated from computer mapping software,52.49251527,1.16556615,NMS-E43D84,,59705_E43D84_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Chisel (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/59705_E43D84_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462317.jpg
596291,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a sword or dagger of late Bronze Age date. The fragment is sub-rectangular in plan with a pointed ovate section. Both surfaces are undecorated and extremely worn.



The metal has a mid blackish-brown patina and is worn. The fragment is 33.1mm long, 16mm wide, 4.5mm thick and weighs 8.6g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.6,,,4.5,33.1,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Ellerker,SE9329,From a paper map,53.74908357,-0.5911716,YORYM-E5FD13,,CHC0042.jpg,Bronze Age : Sword,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/CHC0042.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/454313.jpg
596435,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"A fragment from a copper alloy Bronze Age socketed spearhead. Only the tip survives. This is sub triangular in shape with a rib running along the centre of each side. The interior of this rib is hollow forming a socket that would have held a haft. The metal is green in colour with a shiny dark brown patina remaining in places.



Length: 46.0mm, width: 30.0mm, thickness: 11.0mm (socket), 5.0mm (tip), weight: 25.4g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,25.4,,,11,46,1,Anna Booth,Anna Booth,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Wolvey,SP4387,Centred on parish,52.47923922,-1.36829999,LEIC-E91E94,,LEIC-E91E94.jpg,LEIC-E91E94: Bronze Age spear,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/annab/LEIC-E91E94.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/453385.jpg
597033,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,-600,"Dimensions: the axehead is 98mm long. The blade is 51mm wide. The socketed end is 32mm in diameter and flared. The suspension loop is 20mm long and 7mm wide.



The patina is a dark brown colour with areas of pitting showing green areas of active corrosion underneath.



Each face has three facets and each narrow side has a central casting rib.



discussion of the type, taken from HESH-07CD71: This axe can be classified as a Socked Axe of type Meldreth, possibly being sub-classified as a Variant Aylsham. This style / type of axe has a common distribution in the East of England. The majority of axes of this style have historically been found in the East and West Ridings of Yorkshire. The distribution pattern continues to a lesser degree in South-East England (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981: 211). However, a number of Meldreth Type axes have been found in hoards associated with South-Wales Types and Ewart Park Swords, for example the Stogursey Hoard, Somerset (ibid, 210). This is reflected in a local Marches distribution where they have been treated as exotics occurring in a Ewart Park phase hoard from Pencoyd, Herefordshire (HESH-802833) and a broken and damaged faceted axe from Westbury, Shropshire (HESH-F8A521).",Found very close to BH-A50566 (2013T655) and BH-0E91D6. Discussions as to whether these objects represent a single deposition event/hoard despite the distance apart are ongoing.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-11-10T00:00:00Z,,,,,,32,,98,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Brigstock,SP9384,From finder,52.44605856,-0.63310567,NARC-112EC4,,BA brigstock.jpg,NARC-112EC4 Bronze Age Axehead,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/BA brigstock.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/453628.jpg
597573,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1300,-700,"An incomplete copper-alloy late Bronze Age/early Iron Age socketed axehead missing all but a small fragment of the lip and side of the socket. There is a ridge running perpendicular to the lip, which is likely to decoration. The lip itself is thicker than the rest of the fragement (8.41mm as opposed to 5.47mm). It has a medium green patina. The both inner and outer surfacies are very smooth.Overall the fragment measures 26.46mm in length, 29.84mm wide and weighs 25.35 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.35,,,,26.46,1,Eleanor Lane,Eleanor Lane,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,West Lavington,ST9952,,51.26715318,-2.0157169,WILT-63EA15,,WILT-63EA15.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-63EA15.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/453979.jpg
597592,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"The corroded butt end of a cast copper alloy palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. The fragment is broadly rectangular in plan and H shaped in cross section, it measures 22.30mm in length and 22.10mm in width and weighs 14.80g. It displays prominent side ridges.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.8,,,,22.3,1,Eleanor Lane,Eleanor Lane,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Edington,ST9252,,51.2670965,-2.11604943,WILT-643C34,,WILT-643C34.jpg,Bronze Age palstave fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-643C34.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/453978.jpg
598062,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment, a mouth sherd only, of a Late Bronze Age socketed copper alloy object, probably a gouge. The breaks are ancient and smoothed. Extant length 20.7mm. Thickness 2.1 - 3.8mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-12T00:00:00Z,2013-10-08T23:00:00Z,,,,,,3.8,20.7,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bunwell,TM1292,Generated from computer mapping software,52.48471178,1.12081126,NMS-8CCDF7,,25419_8CCDF7_BA_Gouge_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age gouge. Drawn by Jason Gibbons.,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/25419_8CCDF7_BA_Gouge_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/534218.jpg
598184,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1400,800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy axe or palstave of the Bronze Age. The fragment consists of the curved tip of the blade, to a depth of only 15.52mm. The blade expands evenly either side from the cutting edge; the outer tips or edges of the balde are damaged, and internally the blade is solid at this point. The curve of the blade suggests this is a palstave rather than an axe, but it may be a later Bronze Age socket axe head. Because of the fragmentary nature of the artefact it is not possible to identify it further.",,4,Copper alloy,Copper alloy,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2013-10-01T23:00:00Z,,,20.6,,,7.28,56.13,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Stone with Bishopstone and Hartwell,,,,,BERK-8F65E5,,2013816.jpg,Bronze Age axe: Axe or palstave tip,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2013816.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/491571.jpg
598440,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Bronze Age spear (1500-800 BC): The upper portion of the spear remains, and this is an elongated triangle in plan, with an obliquely angled broken edge, the break is probably quite recent. There is no socket visible on this broken edge. In section the spear has an elongated sub-lozenge with slightly bevelled tips. The centre of the section has an oval cross-section thereby forming pronounced mid-ribs on the faces. The surface of the spear head has a well developed shiny mid green patina with some slight pitting. It measures is 37.03mm in length, 17.98mm wide, 7.89mm thick and weighs 10.9 grams.



The spear probably dates to the Middle or Late Bronze Age spearhead (1500-800 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-01T23:00:00Z,2013-12-04T00:00:00Z,,,10.9,,,7.89,37.03,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Malvern,SO7950,From a paper map,52.14788273,-2.30831674,WAW-A3A753,,WAW-A3A753.jpg,"Middle or Late Bronze Age spearhead (plan, section, profile, and plan).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-A3A753.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/457435.jpg
598552,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy penannular bracelet. At the broken end the cross-section is rectangular. From this the object curves, narrows and thickens to two encircling low ribs before a buffer terminal. The surfaces and the fracture are stained a dull brown. The form is quite close to that of gold examples such as PAS-B9D6E5 and NMGW-E48854. Length 30.5mm. 12 x 3.2mm at the break, 6 x 4.5mm before the terminal, diameter of terminal 10mm. The diameter of the complete object cannot be estimated with any confidence. Weight 8.63g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-06-27T23:00:00Z,2013-12-21T00:00:00Z,,,8.63,,,4.5,30.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Griston,TL9398,Generated from computer mapping software,52.54563045,0.84486011,NMS-A71FB2,,37697_A71FB2_BA_Bracelet.jpg,Late Bronze Age Bracelet,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/37697_A71FB2_BA_Bracelet.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/461948.jpg
599649,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment from a copper alloy spearhead of middle to late Bronze Age date. Only the tip survives. It is very damaged and corroded, but roughly sub-triangular in form and with a lozenge section and a wide hemispherical rib running along the centre of each face. The flattened sections to either side of this are very damaged and the tip is missing. At the other end is an irregular break with a slight dimple in the centre suggesting that the spear had a socket. There is a thick brown patina that is missing in a few places revealling a green inner core. It is likely to be of middle to late Bronze Age date (1500-800 BC) due to the socket and the lozenge section, although it lacks many key diagnostic features.



Length: 35.0mm, width: 12.5mm, thickness: 6.5mm, weight: 6.91g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-10T00:00:00Z,,,,6.91,,,6.5,35,1,Peter Reavill,Anna Booth,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Mountsorrel,SK5714,GPS (from the finder),52.72065744,-1.15754429,LEIC-222BC2,,LEIC-222BC2.jpg,LEIC-222BC2: Bronze Age spearhead,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/annab/LEIC-222BC2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/459982.jpg
599894,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-800,"Two fragments probably of one Late Bronze Age copper alloy sword, both with both ends broken. The breaks are not recent apart from one on the smaller piece. Parts of the cutting edges of both are missing, from both ancient and recent damage. Lengths 97 and 170mm. Width 34 and 40mm. Weight 103 and 208g. Probably Ewart Park type. c.950 - c.800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-06-27T23:00:00Z,2013-12-21T00:00:00Z,,,311,,,,,2,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Hingham,TG0102,Generated from computer mapping software,52.57864979,0.96509525,NMS-387C87,,59694_387C87_BA_Sword.jpg,Late Bronze Age Sword,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/59694_387C87_BA_Sword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/461975.jpg
599927,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, round-sectioned, tapering to pointed ends. Length 35mm. Diam. at mid-point 4.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-17T00:00:00Z,2014-01-20T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,35,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,TF6905,,52.61647192,0.49487574,NMS-3A04A7,,59691_3A04A7_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/59691_3A04A7_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/505113.jpg
600174,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Middle Bronze Age unlooped palstave in very fresh condition, the surface covered in a rich shiny brown patination except where interrupted by pock marks, a few more recent minor chips and some scuffing on the edges. Below the stop ridge a low rib defines a shield-shaped motif from below the base of which a median arris extends as far as the start of the cutting edge. Both sides bear very clear and overall hammer marks, along the edges and transverse across the centre. As a result there is no casting seam. There are smaller hammer impressions along the tops of the flanges and of the stop ridge. Weight 454g. Length 161mm. Width 70mm. Thickness 28mm. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-06T00:00:00Z,2014-02-06T00:00:00Z,,,454,,,28,161,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0883,Generated from computer mapping software,52.40545518,1.05639157,NMS-4EE460,,59736_4EE460_MBA_Palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/59736_4EE460_MBA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/461523.jpg
600300,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-500,"
A Bronze Age cast copper alloy awl. The awl has a tapering chisel-like tang and a square centre section. The point has a circular section.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.36,,,3.42,52.29,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,West Ilsley,SU4784,GPS (from the finder),51.55293717,-1.32351557,-SUR 660898.00,,14-77[1].JPG,Bronze age - iron age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/14-77[1].JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462347.jpg
600390,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1500,1600,"
A cast copper alloy short cylindrical fragment of uncertain original extent. The fragment is waisted at its central part. Dating is quite uncertain but a Bronze Age date is possible.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.57,,11.72,,14.61,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,"Chipstead, Hooley and Woodmansterne",TQ2857,GPS (from the finder),51.29774631,-0.16544339,SUR-76CD35,,14-164.JPG,Bronze age - medieval: Unidentified object,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/14-164.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/463088.jpg
600483,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy side-looped spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date, about 1550 BC - 1250 BC; Davis Groups 2-6, probably Group 6. Only the butt end and the two side loops survive intact; the remainder of the object is now missing due to old breaks. It is cylindrical in form, tapering towards the now missing blade end. On each side is an integrally cast loop that are pointed oval in form and flattened against the side of the spear perhaps as a result of post-depositional damage. The loops are 16.5mm long, 6.5mm wide and project 3.5mm from the wall of the socket. The entire object has a worn dark brown patina with patches of turquoise corrosion. The internal diameter of the socket at the the complete attachment end is 16mm. The walls are 2.2mm -2.6mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-22T00:00:00Z,2013-11-21T00:00:00Z,,,32.76,,,20.3,51.6,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Armthorpe,SE6104,Generated from computer mapping software,53.52912776,-1.08124565,SWYOR-8C1027,,PAS_2269_spear.jpg,Bronze Age spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2269_spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/455848.jpg
600833,Ferrule,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,"An undatable (but possibly Late Bronze Age, c.1000-700 BC) copper alloy possible ferrule from a spear butt or spear terminal. It measures 26.32x(max)10.87mm and weighs 7.21g. Its internal depth is 13.72mm. The object is cone-shaped, its walls c.2.3mm in thickness. The walls are heavily pitted and have two apertures, one 5.3mm long and the other 1.1mm in diameter. They are likely to be the result of a casting fault caused by the metal not properly filling the mould leaving the ferrule possibly unfinished (Kevin Leahy pers.comm. February 2014). It is impossible to determine the original length of the object but the jagged open end is very worn. The closed end is c.4mm in diameter.



A similar ferrule can be found on the database; GLO-428CF4",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-01-01T00:00:00Z,2014-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,7.21,,10.87,10.87,26.32,1,Eleana Vandyk,Eleana Vandyk,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kimpton,SU2846,Centred on field,51.2125222,-1.6005255,HAMP-A36D91,,HAMP-A36D91Ferrule.jpg,Bronze Age Ferrule,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellysg1/HAMP-A36D91Ferrule.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/456143.jpg
600959,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,-700,"Distal end of socketed gouge, granular break (not ancient) across socket. Surviving length 40mm. Width 16.5mm. Weighs 25.96g. Cf. examples from the Heathery Burn hoard (Inventaria Archaeologica (1968) GB.55 10(7) 85-7). Final period of the Late Bronze Age, c.800 - c.700 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-17T00:00:00Z,2014-01-20T00:00:00Z,,,25.96,,,,14,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Narford,TF7811,,52.66748083,0.63089976,NMS-B49767,,59715_B49767_BA_Gouge_ILL.jpg,Distal end of a socketed Bronze Age gouge,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/59715_B49767_BA_Gouge_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/505115.jpg
601015,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Incomplete and distorted Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, cutting edge and slight part of the socket. The breaks are ancient. Extant length 24mm. Width 59mm. Thickness 12mm. Weighs 48.49g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-17T00:00:00Z,2014-01-20T00:00:00Z,,,48.49,,,,24,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Morley,TM0698,,52.54087171,1.03629582,NMS-B5FC65,,30543_B5FC65_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,Fragment of bronze Age axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/30543_B5FC65_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/505111.jpg
601021,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"An incomplete copper alloy (bronze) socketed axehead fragment, of Late Bronze Age date - most probably from the Ewart Park metal working phase / assemblage dated c. 950 BC to c. 750 BC.



Less than 50% of the axehead is present, consisting only of part of the lower body, blade and the remnants of the socket. It is missing the top part of the socket and the also the loop. The axe is sub rectangular in plan, with an expanded / flared convex, but abraded cutting edge. The socket is sub rectangular in section. The depth of the socket from the edge of the break to the base of socket is 9.8 mm. The break is old and patinated. The two long sides of the axe expand slightly along the length of the socket and terminate with an expanded blade. Raised casting seams are present, along both sides, these have been trimmed and hammered flat / finished. The expanded blade has a curved convex (crescent shaped) cutting edge which is incomplete. The sides do not appear to be faceted and no ribs are present on either the front or back of the axehead fragment. The axe is most likley to be of a North Wales ribbed type, or faceted axe with a large collar. The axehead is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of the majority of the original surface. Multiple stratch marks are present on both the front and back of the axehead - these are modern and cut into the patinated surface.



The axehead fragment measures 59.8 mm in length, 57.6 mm wide (at the blade edge), 38.3 mm wide (across the remnants of the socket), 20.2 mm thick (at the socket) and 2.2 mm thick (blade). The walls of the axehead range from 5.0 mm to 2.9 mm thick. It weighs 176.1 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-19T23:00:00Z,2013-09-02T23:00:00Z,,,176.1,,,20.2,59.8,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Baschurch,SJ4523,From a paper map,52.80173817,-2.81723773,WMID-B61E05,,WMID-B61E05.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-B61E05.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/456335.jpg
601263,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Two pieces of a late Bronze Age socketed knife dating from about 950 - 750 BC. The knife is of Thorndon type and is from the Ewart Park phase, Needham Period 7, and Burgess Metalworking Stage XII.



The upper part of the blade and the lower part of the socket survive. The break between the two pieces is more recent than the other breaks.



The double edged blade has a flattened mid rib section with wide (4-5mm) concave edge bevels. The blade is 21.8mm wide at the socket end and 17.6mm wide at the break. It tapers from 6mm thick to 5.1mm thick.



The junction between the socket and blade was straight. The socket is sub rectangular in section and has straight sides. It tapers in width from 23.7mm wide at the attachment end to 21.5mm at the narrowest point near the blade, and in thickness from 12.96mm at the attachment end to 7.8mm at the blade end, then flares widthways and thickens immedieately before the blade to 24.8mm by 7.85mm. There is a single circular peghole through both faces of the socket in the centre of the surviving piece. It has a diameter of 4.5 - 5mm. The walls of the socket are about 2mm thick.



The socket fragment is 42.68mm long, and the blade fragment is 36.6mm long. The knife has a well developed green patina.



The record for a similar knife, GLO-E7BF27, notes that ""Evens suggests that such tools were used for woodworking, perhaps for hollowing out (1881, 209). Evans, J, 1881, The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland Longmans, [pages: 209-10 ]""



The knife can also be compared to DUR-850CB6 and SUSS-218F52.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,2013-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,45.39,,,13.17,75,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Norton,SE5415,From finder,53.62875337,-1.18493388,SWYOR-CAF110,,PAS_2125_BA_knife.jpg,Bronze Age socketed knife,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2125_BA_knife.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/456505.jpg
601331,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper alloy blade, of Middle Bronze Age dating (1500 CAL BC to 1150 CAL BC - Needham's Period 5).



The blade fragment is sub trapezoidal in plan, and lentoid in cross section. The blade tapers towards either edge. The edges to the top and bottom are old, pre depostional breaks. The remains of a circular rivet hole are present on the top edge. No decoration is present on either the front or back of the blade.



It measures 63.5 mm in length, has a maximum width of 19.3 mm and a minimum of 13.4 mm. It is 3.1 mm thick in the centre of the blade and 1.2 mm thick along the blade edges. It weighs 13.0 g.



The blade fragment is a mid to dark brown colour, with an even surface patina. The patina has been removed in a couple of areas, leaving a lighter green colour. These areas should be monitored for signs of active copper corrosion (bronze diseases) occurring. This would be a bright green powdery residue. To reduce the risk of this happening, the blade should be stored in a sealed air tight dry box, such as a tupperware box with a liquid seal, lined with acid free tissue and silica gel.","A similar blade fragment was recorded as WMID-277BF6. On that record, Peter Reavill (Herefordshire & Shropshire FLO) noted that: As for the blade fragment - from the size I think you are looking at either a large dagger or probably more likely a rapier fragment. The hilt would have been trapezoidal - and it has lost its rivets and upper part - it has also lost the shoulders but you can then see the blade thickening away from the hilt to for the mid rib. I expect the other end continued for maybe 1/3 again as the rib is parallel even if the sides aren't due to plough roll.



Similar rapiers have been dated to the later Middle Bronze Age (MBA III - specifically the Penard phase / industry) - Rowlands 1976 p68-70) which corresponds with Needham's Period 5 (1500-1150 CAL BC).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-29T00:00:00Z,,,,13,,,3.1,63.5,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Worfield,SO7294,From finder,52.54312769,-2.41429792,WMID-CD4C05,,WMID-CD4C05.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete blade,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-CD4C05.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/456546.jpg
602442,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A Middle Bronze Age dress pin, known as a Picardy Pin, dating from 1400 BC - 1250 BC. The head of the pin expands to a disc and has a hollow terminal that would have held a stone. Immediately behind the head, the shaft narrows to 4.3mm diameter before expanding into a swollen area with a maximum diameter of 6.34mm diameter. The shaft then tapers again to the well patinated break.



The whole of the surviving shaft is decorated, though the surface layer of the pin is missing in places. below the expanded head are five circumferential grooves, then a panel of longitudinal diagonal lines form chevrons. the thickest part of the swelling is decorated with diagonal cross hatching, flanked on each side by another five circumferential grooves. The lower shaft is more damaged, but appears to be another panel of diagonal cross hatching and another band of circumferential lines.



The metal is dark grey with areas of dark green where the surface is missing.



This is a large and highly decorative rare item that would be worn with the intention of display, most likely used on an external garment such as a cloak or something similar. There are only 13 others recorded on the PAS database (February 2014). Compare GLO-439E61, DOR-CF4B74, NMS-35C944, BERK-2E4E35 and FASW-5C5522.



FASW-5C5522 notes that these pins 'Represent a valuable addition to the small dataset found in Britain and elsewhere in the north European Plain. These pins are mostly, but not always decorated and may be perforated or looped or neither and share common features such as the shape of the head, the swelling of the neck and decoration in the form of incised linear motifs. They occur within the 'Ornament horizon' phase of the late Taunton or early Penard phase of the later mid Bronze Age, approximately 1400-1250 BC'.""",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-12-17T00:00:00Z,2013-12-16T00:00:00Z,,,14.12,,11.93,,74.57,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9114,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.61465305,-0.62588526,SWYOR-611591,,PAS_2285_picardy_pin.jpg,Bronze Age Picardy pin,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2285_picardy_pin.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/457542.jpg
602462,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy 'Moustache-shaped' object of probable Middle Bronze Age date, 1600 BC - 1000 BC. It is missing the ends of both lower tips due to old, patinated breaks. The object is cast in the round with a swollen oval body that tapers downwards at both sides to the now incomplete pointed terminals giving it an inverted U-shaped form. At the centre of the body is a slight vertical band or constriction, either side of which the exterior surfaces of the object has decoration comprising multiple ridges and grooves. These run from the central constriction towards the pointed terminals, finishing just before the sides narrow to the terminals. Unlike some parallels, this object is not perforated.



All the surfaces of the object have a dark grey green patina, with some pitting and patches of corrosion in places.



Record SF-B58222 explains: ""The precise date range of these unusual objects remains uncertain, although several examples have now been recorded through the PAS. Examples from the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998) were found alongside Bronze Age metalwork but with deposition in the Iron Age. Examples from Suffolk (SF-520513 and SF-9183) were found loosely associated with a scatter of Middle Bronze Age finds, as was an example from Methwold, Norfolk, and more recently an example from an excavated Middle Bronze Age context from Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (cf. NMS-F2BA41, NMS-1F5E55). These suggest a possible Middle Bronze Age date for the current object.""



Compare also an example on page 8 of the PAS Bronze Age Training Notes (Worrell 2004, unpublished), and LIN-9296A3, NMS-F2BA41 and NMS-1F5E55. There are only other 23 examples on the PAS database (February 2014).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-12-17T00:00:00Z,2013-12-16T00:00:00Z,,,15.64,,,12.05,23.45,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,Thorpe Audlin,SE4816,From finder,53.63832398,-1.27549822,SWYOR-616733,,PAS_2285_mustache.jpg,"Bronze Age ""moustache-like"" Unidentified object",West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2285_mustache.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/457549.jpg
603098,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"A hoard of five Late Bronze Age axeheads with no other artefact types reported 



Axe 1 South Wales (Stogursey) variant Type Found c.0.6m below surface with blade to the south The axe is near-complete, with some damage to the blade edge (with a length of 105.3mm and a weight of 326.1g). The sub-rectangular mouth (50.8mm x 44.6mm) is flat-topped, slightly bevelled inwards. Remnant stubs of four casting runners are discernible on the mouth, indicating a four-runner casting technology. The socket is sub-rectangular at the mouth (36.9mm x 29.5mm and 80.8mm deep), with sides gradually converging to its base. The mouth has a single moulding (7mm long) sloping to the face (5-6mm high). The loop springs from the base of the moulding and is of irregular D-shaped section (32.7mm long, 6.5mm wide, 5mm thick; with internal dimensions of 6.7mm long and 6.7mm high). The sides are very gently concave before diverging at the blade to produce a moderately expanded blade edge (59.1mm wide), with some damage to one of the blade tips and the blade edge. The sides have a slight bevel to the casting seam at the centre, producing a sub-rectangular to hexagonal body section. Both casting seams are clearly discernible and have been fettled, probably by hammering. The faces are decorated with near-parallel ribs; one face has five ribs, while the other has three ribs with the edges enhanced with a rib each. Both faces are slightly convex across their widths. The faces and gradually converge and have a weak blade facet (26mm from the blade edge). The surface has a dark-brown patina, partially preserved and sharpening striations are evident running along the blade on both faces.



Axe 2 probably Type Welby Found c.3cm below axe 1 with blade to the east The axe is complete (with a length of 97.8mm and a weight of 267.1g). The sub-oval mouth (44.9mm x 41.7mm) is flat-topped, slightly bevelled outwards. Only one casting stub is now evident with the casting seams on the sides but is likely to have been two-runner casting technology. The socket is sub-oval at the mouth (34.0mm x 30.5mm and 74.7mm deep), with sides gradually converging to its base. There is a distinct dollar (16mm long), which is concave across its length and bounded by a horizontal moulding at its base. The casting flashes on the collar appear unfinished (with a height of up to 3.7mm); below the collar, the flashes have undergone more fettling from hammering. The sides are concave and are expanded at the blade (to give a blade width of 51.5mm) to produce a moderately rounded blade edge. The casting seams are not central but deeper to one side. The loop springs from the base of the collar and is of sub-triangular section (28mm long, 7.6mm wide, 4.4mm thick; with internal dimensions of 4.7mm long and 7.0mm high). The ribs also descend from the base of the collar; each face has three-ribs, which are convergent on one face and near-parallel on the other but are angled and are not parallel with the sides. The body section is sub-rectangular with convex faces and sides. The faces are also convex across their lengths. Weak blade facets are evident (18mm from the blade edge). The surface has a dark-brown patina, partially preserved and some striations are evident below the patina, running perpendicular to the blade but are not consistent and may not be the result of sharpening.



Axe 3 South Wales (Stogursey) variant Type Found touching axe 4 The axe is complete (with a length of 89.0mm and a weight of 263.5g). The sub-rectangular mouth (48.5mm x 42.9mm) is flat-topped and has remnant stubs of four casting runners, indicating a four-runner casting technology. The socket is sub-rectangular at the mouth (34.8mm x 27.7mm and 70.8mm deep), with sides gradually converging to its base. The mouth has a single moulding (7mm long) sloping to the face (4-6mm high). The loop springs from just beneath the base of the moulding and is of irregular oval section (32.7mm long, 6.5mm wide, 5mm thick; with internal dimensions of 6.7mm long and 6.7mm high). The sides are very gently concave before diverging at the blade to produce a moderately expanded blade edge (59.1mm wide), with some damage to one of the blade tips and the blade edge. The sides have a slight bevel to the casting seam at the centre, producing a sub-rectangular to hexagonal body section. Both casting seams are clearly discernible and have been fettled, probably by hammering. The faces are decorated with near-parallel ribs; one face has five ribs, while the other has three ribs with the edges enhanced with a rib each. Both faces are slightly convex across their widths. The faces gradually converge and have a weak blade facet (26mm from the blade edge). The surface has a dark-brown patina, partially preserved and sharpening striations are evident running along the blade on both faces.



Axe 4 Type Found touching axe 3 The axe is complete (with a length of 91.2mm and a weight of 246.8g). The socket is sub-rectangular at the mouth (44.5mm x 37.1mm and 64.2mm deep), with concave sides gradually converging to its base. Traces of three, of the four runner stubs are evident on the mouth. The axe has a collar moulding (16mm long) with a slight concavity along its length. The loop springs from just above the base of the moulding and is of irregular triangular section (26mm long, 6.5mm wide, 6mm thick; with internal dimensions of 12.3mm long and 5.3mm high). The sides are concave, before diverging more sharply at the blade and produce a moderately expanded blade edge (53.5mm wide) and with moderate curve to the blade edge. The sides have prominent and high casting seams (up to 4.5mm high), suggesting minimal finishing and fettling. Either side of the casting seam, the sides are slightly convex across their widths, producing a sub-rectangular body section. Both faces are decorated with three ribs, descending from the base of the collar moulding. One face has three fine converging ribs, which are comparatively long and continue onto the blade (55m long, ending 21mm from the blade edge). The other face appears to have had wider ribs and which are parallel to each other. Both faces are convex across their widths and lengths. The faces gradually converge and have no discernible blade facet. Although the surface survives well on one face, there are no discernible sharpening striations on the blade. The surface has a dark-brown patina, partially preserved with green corrosion and forming a raised ridge on one face, suggesting the point of contact with axe 3.



Axe 5 Type Breiddin The axe is complete (with a length of 96.9mm and a weight of 212.8g). The socket is sub-rectangular at the mouth (39.4mm x 32.2mm and 64.0mm deep), with straight sides gradually converging to its base. Three possible runner stubs are discernible on the mouth but are not certain. The axe has a collar moulding (14mm long) with a slight concavity along its length. The loop springs from just above the base of the moulding and is of irregular lozenge section (24mm long, 6.5mm wide, 4mm thick; with internal dimensions of 12.0mm long and 5.4mm high). The sides are gently concave, before diverging more sharply at the blade and produce a moderately expanded blade edge (45.8mm wide) which is distinctly straight. The sides have prominent casting seams, with some, neat finishing and fettling and seemingly deliberately leaving the seam as a regular moulding. Either side of the casting seam, the sides are slightly convex across their widths, producing a sub-rectangular body section, which is more comparatively angular. Both faces are decorated with three parallel ribs, descending from the base of the collar moulding (36mm - 40mm long). Both faces are gently convex across both their widths and lengths. The faces gradually converge and have no discernible blade facet. The surface has a dark-brown patina, with patches of surface loss on the both blades. There are a few striations running along the blade but not enough to convincingly suggest sharpening.","Formerly known as NMGW-C9E5A3, which was a duplicate ID caused by system error.",3,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,5,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Madley,SO3939,,52.04602109,-2.89086524,NMGW-C9E5A3Z,,Axe Head 5.jpg,Late Bronze Age bronze Axe 5,Mark Lodwick,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Axe Head 5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/458240.jpg
603515,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1300,-700,"A fragment of a copper-alloy late Bronze Age/early Iron Age socketed axehead missing all but a small fragment of the lip and side of the socket. The fragment is L-shaped in section. The lip itself is thicker than the rest of the fragement (6.55mm as opposed to 3.60mm). It has a medium green patina. Overall the fragment measures 20.05mm long, 21.40mm wide, 18.85mm thick and weighs 15.56g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.56,,,18.85,20.05,1,Alastair Willis,Alastair Willis,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Witham Friary,ST7439,Centred on parish,51.14966353,-2.37309716,WILT-DEDFC6,,WILT-DEDFC6.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe head,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-DEDFC6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/465017.jpg
603896,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Copper alloy socketed spearhead that dates to the middle Bronze Age. The blade of the spearhead is leaf-shaped with gently curving edges. A diamond cross section spine separates either blade, below which the socket is circular in cross-section and expand outwards to the aperture. The top of the spine at the tip of the spear is slightly flattened and has a series of striations where it has been filed down to form the point. On both sides (25mm above the base) is an expanded pierced lug that forms an integral loop.



The aperture at the base (16mm in diameter).



This artefact dates to 1500-1150BC, see WAW-DC8222 for further discussion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-01T00:00:00Z,2014-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,47.45,,,19,104,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Weston-in-Gordano,ST4474,From finder,51.46218903,-2.80747446,GLO-F69302,,GLOF69302.jpg,GLO-F69302 Bronze Age spearhead,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOF69302.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/458689.jpg
604235,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of gold, possibly from a bracelet or torc surviving as an undecorated oval/ellipse shaped band that tapers to the shoulders of probable terminals that may have been broken (the breaks are not conclusive). The terminals appear to have been twisted prior to the purported breaks (possibly in the process of breaking them). The band has several bends and distortions and it is not clear what the original profile of the band would have been. There are a number of scuffs and striations to both surfaces. Possible small hammer markings can be seen, particularly on one side of the band. The remnants of a possible small perforation (c.0.2mm diameter) can be seen on one of the broken shoulders/terminals.



Dimensions 



Extant length: 74.47mm; Width (max.): 10.93mm; Width (terminals): 2.2mm; Thickness (max.): 0.7mm; Weight: 3.94g



Metal composition 



Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of a gold fragment found at 'the Wantage rally, Oxon', indicated a surface composition of approximately 86-88% gold, 10-12 % silver with approximately 1% copper.



Identification & discussion



The uncertainty regarding whether the terminals have been broken (and therefore the original form of the band) makes it difficult to be certain of its date. However, a number of parallels from the Portable Antiquities Scheme (Northfleet, Kent: Treasure Case 2004 T326, Brixton Deverill, Wiltshire: 2006 T250, Gussage-all-Saints, Dorset: 2013 T428 and Roche, Corwall: 2014 T39), and the metal composition of the band, suggest that a Bronze Age date is most likely. As Dr S. Needham pointed out in the report for Brixton Deverill (2006 T250): 'a range of ribbon, or strip ornaments in gold are known from the British Bronze Age, including for torcs, bracelets and small fittings'. The Wantage find could be positioned within this group and probably dates to the Middle to Later Bronze Age (c.1500/1400-800 cal. BC), rather than any earlier.",The object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old. Consequently it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 in terms of both age and precious metal content.,3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2013T674,,3.94,,,0.7,74.47,1,Neil Wilkin,Neil Wilkin,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,,,,,PAS-446915,,2013T674a.JPG,Gold strip,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2013T674a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/458922.jpg
604307,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An almost complete, copper alloy axehead dating to the Bronze Age. The axehead is broadly rectangular in plan, expanding in width at the cutting edge. The socket is rectangular and has an old, worn break. The surface is now a dark gray and has suffered loss of surface, with a bright green patina in th damaged areas.



It measures 59.8mm in length and 17.6mm in thickness. It is 38.1mm in width at the cutting edge and 28.3mm at the body. It weighs 94.76g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-03T23:00:00Z,2014-01-03T00:00:00Z,,,94.76,,,17.6,59.8,1,Katie Marsden,Katie Marsden,Eastern,Essex,Maldon,Great Totham,TL8509,From finder,51.74914446,0.67860109,ESS-47AA02,,ESS-47AA02a.jpg,Bronze Age Axe,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kmarsden/ESS-47AA02a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/471461.jpg
604467,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2200,-1500,"A small cast copper alloy Early Bronze Age developed flat axehead, probably dating to between 2200 -1500 BC. The axehead has a narrow round-ended butt, which widens into a sub-triangular axehead in plan, with dual-facetted flanges. The blade-end is wide and convex, but not crescentic with pointed ends, like other types from the same period. The blade-end has a pointed oval cross-section, whereas the body of the blade is facetted, creating an elongated hexagonal cross-section; the butt is sub-rectangular in cross-section. The axehead has an overall dark green patina. No regular decoration is visible. Parallels for the form can be found in Schmidt & Burgess's Developed Flat Axe series (1981, 59-68).



The axehead measures 63.7 mm long, 11 mm wide (at butt-end), 28.7 mm wide (at blade-end), 3.7 mm thick (at butt-end), 5.3 mm thick (at blade-end), 6.7 mm thick (at centre); weight: 38.3 grams","Reference: Schmidt, P., and Burgess, C. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Munchen: C. H. Beck'sche, Verlagsbuchandlung",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,,38.3,,,5.3,63.7,1,Stephanie Smith,Stephanie Smith,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Westham,TQ6203,GPS (from the finder),50.80391392,0.29770421,SUSS-4D7454,,SUSS-4D7454.jpg,Early Bronze Age Flat Axehead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS-4D7454.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/459016.jpg
604524,Chisel,Bronze Age,,,-1150,-800,"A complete copper alloy chisel dating to the late Bronze Age, c. 1150 to 800 BC.



The object has a curved balde which tapers before widening outwards to form a collar. From the collar projects the tang which is square-sectioned and tapers to a point.



The object is complete and in very good condition with only small sections of damage. There are similar objects recorded on the PAS database, see for example, BERK-52E8C3 and NMS-769173.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.8,,,14.59,116.33,1,Lauren Proctor,Lauren Proctor,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Well,SE2682,From a paper map,54.23305164,-1.60263254,DUR-5BADA1,,DUR-5BADA1.jpg,DUR-5BADA1 Chisel,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DUR-5BADA1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/459122.jpg
604655,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A Late Bronze Age copper alloy plain pegged spearhead dating to Needham's period 6-7 (1150 BC - 800 BC) and Ehrenburg's Class V (1977). It measures 217.25mm in length, 56.32mm in max.width, 25.21mm in max.thickness, 26.48mm in diameter and with a socket depth c.183mm. Weighs 160g (to the nearest 2g).


The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade, extending from just above the two peg-holes (c.5.5mm in diameter) with a chamfered edge and pronounced central mid-rib which extends all the way to the tip. The line of the blade is smoothly curving until the tip where it angles inwards quite sharply.


All original patina has been lost and the metal is a coppery brown in colour. There are several area of bright green deposit on the surface, probably the result of corrosion.


The spear may have been a deliberate contemporary deposition in a river.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Unknown,1969-12-31T23:00:00Z,,,,160,,26.48,25.21,217.25,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Brockenhurst,SU3003,Generated from computer mapping software,50.82576681,-1.57543743,HAMP-5FEE35,,HAMP-5FEE35.jpg,Late Bronze Age spearhead,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-5FEE35.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/459291.jpg
605393,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-1450,"An incomplete, butt fragment, of an Early-Mid Bronze Age, cast, copper - bronze alloy, flat axe or palstave. Both terminal corners are slightly rounded while the other fractured end is irregular almost with a central notch. It has a wedge shape in side elevation but flat 'H' shape in cross-section with the edges slightly raised above the centre. There is a dark green patina but half the surface has pitted, pale green corrosion. This is likely to date to between 2300BC and 1450BC. Ref. Bronze Age metal work in the Norwich Castle Museum, Norfolk Museum Service 1977, 2nd Edition 1997, page 40-60 no. 13-22,75,96 & 97, History Beneath Our Feet, Brian Read, Anglia Publishing Ipswich 1995, page 1-3 no. 2 and Detector Finds 5, Gordon Bailey, Greenlight Publishing 2002, page 54-55 Fig. 1. The fragment has a truncated length 24.03mm, truncated width 23.12mm, truncated thickness 8.91mm and weighs 20.6g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,20.6,,,8.91,24.03,1,Geoff Burr,Geoff Burr,South East,Kent,Sevenoaks,Kemsing,TQ5659,GPS (from the finder),51.30873959,0.23674361,KENT-9CFC55,,IMG_1418.JPG,Butt fragment of a flat axe or palstave. Front view.,Geoff Burr,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gburr/IMG_1418.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/459700.jpg
605463,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-500,"Bronze Age (c. 1450 BC to 600 BC) tanged chisel: The remains of the copper alloy chisel include the blade, shoulder/collar and the beginning of the tang. The tang has broken near the shoulder, and has a rectangular section. The break is not recent. The tang expands in width towards the shoulder which is a transverse ridge on all faces. The blade is a sub-triangle in plan with the sides being slightly concave and the blade is flared, incomplete on one corner, and obliquely angled (probably due to damage). The surface of the chisel has an incomplete dark brown patina. The chisel measures 36.31mm long and 15.96mm wide across the blade. It weighs 9.5g.



Tanged chisels occur from the end of the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1450 BC to 600 BC.), and remain in use until Llyn Fawr Metalwork, 750 - 500BC. The collared chisel can be paralleled with a late Middle Bronze Age example found at Rhys Flintshire (Savory, 1980; No 224).



Savory, H. N. 1980, Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections in the National Museum of Wales Cardiff",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-08-31T23:00:00Z,2013-04-21T23:00:00Z,,,,,,7.45,36.31,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Leigh,SO7653,From finder,52.17473072,-2.35237195,WAW-9F6DE1,,WAW-9F6DE1.jpg,"Bronze Ahe chiesel (plan, profile and reverse).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-9F6DE1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/469281.jpg
605978,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy socketed arrowhead probably dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age, probably the Penard or Ewart Park phase, about 1300 - 800 BC.



The arrowhead is socketed and leaf shaped with a central ridge running down the length. The ridge is circular in section. Most of the socket is missing. The arrowhead has a dark green patina. It is 21.2mm long 10.9mm wide and 6.2mm thick. It weighs 4.02gm.



There are few confirmed Bronze Age socketed arrowheads found in the UK; possible examples on the PAS database include SF9209, WMID-28FC66 and SWYOR-C57356. Like the example recorded here, it is possible that all of these pieces are small spearheads rather than arrowheads - see, for example, database record BH-E94CD1. The find is from an area where mostly Roman objects are recovered, but as copper alloy Roman arrowheads are even more rare than Bronze Age ones, a Bronze Age date is tentatively suggested.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-29T00:00:00Z,2014-01-28T00:00:00Z,,,4.02,,,6.2,21.2,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Ancaster,SK9744,GPS (from the finder),52.9845708,-0.556584,SWYOR-02F6E1,,PAS_2299_arrowhead.jpg,Bronze Age arrowhead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2299_arrowhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/461368.jpg
605984,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed hammer. More than half of the surface is pitted. Length 84.5, width 27.5mm, thickness 24mm, depth of socket 50mm. Weight 256g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-23T00:00:00Z,2014-02-23T00:00:00Z,,,256,,,24,84.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Wood Dalling,TG0926,Generated from computer mapping software,52.79107442,1.09820493,NMS-03BA13,,59746_03BA13_LBA_Hammer.jpg,Late Bronze Age Hammer,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/59746_03BA13_LBA_Hammer.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462074.jpg
606580,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bronze Age Founders hoard, 21 pieces in total.



Curator's report:



Circumstances of discovery: 



In 2014 twenty-one fragments of Late Bronze Age metalworking debris ... (Nos. 1-21, below). The objects appear to belong to a single find or 'hoard'.



Descriptive catalogue




A sub-triangular fragment of a copper alloy bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex and one side is rounded, indicating that the fragment once formed part of the outer circumference of the ingot. The object is covered with green patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 96.4 mm, Max. Width: 84.3 mm, Max. Thickness: 32.0 mm; Weight: 578.2 g.




A sub-rectangular fragment of copper alloy bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex and covered with green patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 72.3 mm, Max. Width: 49.4 mm, Max. Thickness: 32.6 mm; Weight: 496.0 g.




A fragment of copper alloy bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex and one side is rounded, indicating that the fragment once formed part of the outer circumference of the ingot. The fragment is covered with green patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 54.7 mm, Max. Width: 39.7 mm, Max. Thickness: 24.4 mm; Weight: 183.0 g.




A fragment of copper alloy bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex and the convex face is very uneven. The fragment is covered with green patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 76.6 mm, Max. Width: 65.1 mm, Max. Thickness: 35.4 mm; Weight: 497.1 g.




A fragment of copper alloy bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex and one side is rounded, indicating that the fragment once formed part of the outer circumference of the ingot. The fragment is covered with green patina, mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion and attached soil debris.




Max. Length: 106.0 mm, Max. Width: 59.6 mm, Max. Thickness: 39.1 mm; Weight: 694.8 g.




A sub-triangular fragment of copper alloy bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex and one side is rounded, indicating that the fragment once formed part of the outer circumference of the ingot. The fragment is covered with green patina, mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion and attached soil debris.




Max. Length: 69.5 mm, Max. Width: 68.6 mm, Max. Thickness: 23.6 mm; Weight: 224.2 g.




A fragment of copper alloy bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex and the fragment is covered with green patina, mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion and attached soil debris.




Max. Length: 47.6 mm, Max. Width: 33.2 mm, Max. Thickness: 30.6 mm; Weight: 204.2 g.




A fragment of copper alloy bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex and one side is rounded, indicating that the fragment once formed part of the outer circumference of the ingot. The fragment is covered with green patina, mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion and attached soil debris.




Max. Length: 67.9 mm, Max. Width: 38.3 mm, Max. Thickness: 21.4 mm; Weight: 156.9 g.




A piece of copper alloy casting waste. Sub-rectangular in shape; both faces are flat. The piece is covered with green patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 21.5 mm, Max. Width: 12.9 mm, Max. Thickness: 7.2 mm; Weight: 8.1 g.




A piece of copper alloy casting waste. One face is uneven and the other side is convex. The piece is covered with green patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 18.4 mm, Max. Width: 17.3 mm, Max. Thickness: 3.1 mm; Weight: 3.5 g.




A piece of copper alloy casting waste. Both faces are flat and are covered with green patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 12.1 mm, Max. Width: 10.7 mm, Max. Thickness: 4.7 mm; Weight: 2.4 g.




A copper alloy casting jet. It has a short and broad reservoir leading to a short, single, conical feeder. It is plano-convex and is covered with green patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 28.1 mm, Max. Width: 18.9 mm, Max. Thickness: 9.3 mm; Weight: 14.6 g.




A fragment of a copper alloy indistinguishable blade. A rounded midrib is discernible and the fragment has a lenticular cross-section. The surface is smoother and is covered with green patina.




Max. Length: 25.8 mm, Max. Width: 20.7 mm, Max. Thickness: 3.8 mm; Weight: 6.3 g.




An indistinguishable copper alloy blade fragment. The fragment is from the blade edge and one side appears to have been once bordering the midrib. The fragment is triangular in section and is covered in green patina with discernible scratches on the surface.




Max. Length: 25.8 mm, Max. Width: 13.4 mm, Max. Thickness: 5.7 mm; Weight: 4.9 g.




A tip fragment of a potential leaf-shaped spearhead; the fragmentary nature of the object makes it difficult to identify with certainty. The object has a central rounded midrib which extends to the blade tip and the sides curve widely, indicting the overall leaf-shaped nature of the spearhead. The cross-section is lozenge shaped. The object has a smooth surface and is covered with green patina.




Max. Length: 31.4 mm, Max. Width: 26.6 mm, Max. Thickness: 5.3 mm; Weight: 10.6 g.




A fragment of a copper alloy socketed axe. The fragment consists of the mouth and an unlooped side of a socketed axe. Due to the fragmentary nature of the axe, it is difficult to confidently assign a type; however based on the mounded collar, mouth and overall slender appearance, it is possibly of South-Eastern type (Needham 1990, 28). The casting seams are visible and it would appear that the axe has been horizontally squashed, creating a pinched appearance. The object has a smooth surface and is covered with green patina; there is soil debris attached to the interior.




Max. Length: 52.6 mm, Max. Width: 31.4 mm, Max. Thickness: 23.1 mm; Weight: 40.2 g.




A piece of copper alloy casting waste or casting jet. The piece is plano-convex and roughly triangular in shape with a conical protrusion. It is covered with green patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 21.1 mm, Max. Width: 15.7 mm, Max. Thickness: 10.9 mm; Weight: 13.2 g.




A piece of copper alloy casting waste. It is plano-convex and covered with green and brown patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 19.5 mm, Max. Width: 20.5 mm, Max. Thickness: 4.1 mm; Weight: 5.0 g.




A piece of copper alloy casting jet. The reservoir is wide and short with a flat top, leading to a rounded, conical feeder. It is covered with green patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 24.0 mm, Max. Width: 27.9 mm, Max. Thickness: 22.0 mm; Weight: 31.3 g.




A fragment of a copper alloy bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex and covered with green and black patina and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion.




Max. Length: 34.4 mm, Max. Width: 28.5 mm, Max. Thickness: 18.7 mm; Weight: 31.0 g.




A damaged copper alloy socketed axe. One face is almost entirely complete, with a large piece of the cutting-edge missing; the other face is also missing a section of the mouth. The axe is undecorated and overall quite slender. The mouth is wide with casting remains on the rim, flashes are visible on the interior; the external casting seems are present on either side, but do not extend below the loop. Due to the fragmentary nature of the axe, it is difficult to ascertain a specific type, however it is likely of South-Eastern, Class A type (Needham 1990, 28). This type dates to the Late Bronze Age, Ewart Park phase, c. 920-800 BC (Needham et al. 1997, 82). The axe is covered with a green patina and the interior contains soil debris, which affects the object's weight.




Max. Length: 83.7 mm, Max. Width: 46.4 mm, Max. Thickness: 26.6 mm; Weight: 133.3 g.



The nature of this group of objects (ingot pieces and fragmentary objects) implies that they were deposited together and are related to the metalworking process, as they are typical of material which would be melted down and recycled.



The two socketed axe fragments are both likely to belong to the South-Eastern Type, Class A (Needham 1990, 28) and these objects can therefore be used to date the to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (c. 920-800 BC). Parallel fragmentary examples have been found across Southern England, for example, as part of the Petters metalwork hoard (Needham 1990).



As the fragments (Nos. 1-21) are of Late Bronze Age date and appear to represent a single deposit of two or more copper alloy finds of prehistoric date, they qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).



Davis, R. 2012. The Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain. Mainz: Akademie Der Wissenschaften Und Der Literatur.



Needham, S. P. 1990. The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork. London: British Museum.



Needham, S. P. et al. 1997. An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme. Archaeological Journal, Vol. 154, 55-107.



Schmitt, P., and Burgess, C. B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Munchen: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchandlung



Authors



Caroline Chestnutt, Volunteer for the British Museum



Neil Wilkin, Curator for the European Bronze Age, British Museum",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-22T00:00:00Z,,2014T140,Central Searchers - Bythorn 22.2.14,,,,,,21,Neil Wilkin,Julie Cassidy,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Huntingdonshire,Bythorn and Keyston,TL0675,GPS (from the finder),52.36281352,-0.44475382,NARC-2DA441,,2014T140Front.JPG,Bronze Age hoard,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2014T140Front.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/588163.jpg
606701,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alooy miniature object, probably a socketed axe head dating from the late Bronze Age (c. 1000-800 BC). The object consists of part of the open socket and one loop and part of the body of the probable axe. There is a casting seam visible that runs through and beyond the centre of the looped handle. The head-end of the object is flaring slightly, which is why it is assumed that this object represents a miniature axehead rather and any other type of tool. The patina and condition of this object suggests a Bronze Age date and although miniature objects were being made into the Roman period, full-sized axe heads of this type are known from the later Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.4,,,4.8,25.5,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Aston Sandford,SP7607,From finder,51.7565422,-0.90032521,BERK-318611,,2013927.jpg,Bronze Age object: Miniature axehead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2013927.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/460731.jpg
606704,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper alloy flanged axe (developed flat axe) dating to the early Bronze Age (c.2000 BC) The axehead is heavily patinated with a mid brown corrosion layer which is delaminating. The blade is rounded and asymmetrical and narrows moderately to meet the shaft; it is fairly sharp with no signs of impact damage. The shaft sides are slightly convex and fairly parallel. There are slight flanges visible on both faces of the axe along the edges of the shaft running from the base of the blade and reaching almost to the butt. The butt is rounded and quite sharp. There is a slight stop-ridge visible on one face. The blade is lenticular through its length, and, aside from the flanges, fairly flat across its width.



It would appear that, except for the effects of corrosion, the axe is largely intact. The asymmetrical blade may be the result of major re-sharpening after damage in antiquity.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,110.2,,,10.2,90.37,1,Roland Flook,Roland Flook,,Gwynedd,,,SH5668,,53.18953941,-4.15670502,GAT-319515,,PAS2013_24_007_white 001.jpg,Bronze Age Flat Axe (face view),Gwynedd Archaeological Trust ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rflook/PAS2013_24_007_white 001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/460693.jpg
606710,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"A worn fragment of a Bornze Age object, possibly a palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1600-1001 BC). The object is now roughly oval in plan with a casting seam visible down one shorter round; the object narrows to form a broadly rectangular stem, which is now broken. The patina suggets a Bronze Age date and the form is reminiscent of the centre of some palstaves; between the blade tip and the stops.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,37.3,,,12,34.5,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Aston Sandford,SP7607,From finder,51.7565422,-0.90032521,BERK-31B3D0,,2013928.jpg,Bronze Age Axe: Palstave fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2013928.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/460730.jpg
607049,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1600,-400,"An unidentified cast copper-alloy object, a 'moustache' mount, so named because of its shape being reminiscent of a moustache. The object is cast in one piece and has a swollen body which tapers towards the pointed terminals. The centre of the body is narrowed and has a uniform vertical groove running around its girth to the underside or base of the object. At this point the grooves ends and abutts a circular recess, approximately 7.3 mm in diameter. All sides of the object are decorated with alternating ridges and grooves arranged horizontally. The narrowed terminals are without the ribbed decoration and corrosion has effected the very ends. With an undecorated end, some of these objects are reminiscent of hedgehogs.



A number of objects of this type have now been recovered and several are recorded on the PAS database, however this is the largest example so far recorded. A similar object was found in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117) and as such they are thought to date from the middle Bronze Age to the late Iron Age. Dr JD Hill at the British Museum suggests that they are Iron Age rather than Bronze Age, but this is yet to be confirmed by excavation of a stratified example. Their function is uncertain, although a circular recess at the bottom of this example (and in many of the others known) suggests that they were mounted on or below something. A mount for a sword or dagger handle is the most obvious function but the absence of evidence makes this conjectural.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,34.7,,,12.8,58.53,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Boxford,SU4374,From a paper map,51.46334615,-1.38241981,BERK-719DA8,,2013951.jpg,Bronze Age object: 'Moustache' mount,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2013951.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/461130.jpg
607149,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-750,"A late Bronze Age, cast copper alloy, socketed axehead decorated with skeuemorphic wings, probably a South Eastern type, probably of the Wilburton to Ewart Park traditions, dating from about 1100 - 750 BC, Needham period 6-7, which corresponds to metalworking stages X-XII.



The axehead is wedge shaped with a sub-circular socket at the haft end that has a double mouth moulding running round it; a prominent bulbous moulding forming the rim (wide and D shaped in section), and a much less well defined lower collar. A lumpy area on the back of this rim may be the remains of a casting jet. The body is rectangular in section, tapering towards the cutting edge where it flares outwards towards the tips of a slightly curved blade. The sides of the axe are slightly hollow where they curve out to the tip of the blade. There is no obvious blade bevel. The blade edge is slightly chipped and measures 50mm in width across the tips.



On one side of the mouth, projecting from the lower collar, is a D shaped attachment loop. It is 11.4mm wide and 25mm long, starting 15mm from the end of the axe. It is a pointed oval in section. Casting flashes remain on both edges of the axe, including the loop. They seem to have been trimmed, but are only smoothed flat near the blade. The axehead has a smooth, dark green patina. The socket was filled with soil when reported. Careful removal of the soil revealed the socket to be 84mm deep, and longitudinal ridges along the inside of the cavity, in the centre of the front and back faces of the axe.



The axe is decorated with faint mouldings on the front and back forming a ""moulded wing"" design. The front (when viewed with the loop at the top and to the right) has a central rib along the top half of the axe. This is flanked by a curved rib on each side which enclose a recessed shape of a rectangle with concave long sides. The ""back"" of the axe has a similar moulding, but instead of the central rib is a short chevron near the mouth, inside the curved ribs and pointing towards the cutting edge, and a more clearly defined ridge across the middle of the axe closing the rectangle with concave long edges. The top edge of the rectangle is the lower mouth moulding.



Some axes in Schmidt and Burgess have similar moulded decoration; specifically number 1280, plate 85, from York, 1287 from Heathery Burn, and also 1270 from Westow, East Yorkshire. Similar axes are more common in the South.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-02-07T00:00:00Z,2014-02-06T00:00:00Z,,,309,,,41.5,113.8,1,Peter Reavill,Jack Coulthard,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,Castleford Central and Glasshoughton,SE4625,GPS (from the finder),53.7193904,-1.30441382,SWYOR-816E11,,PAS_2309_axe1.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2309_axe1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/465589.jpg
607433,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1125,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed, spearhead  dating from the later Middle Bronze Age, about 1400 – 1125 BC. The main body of the spear survives but the tip and part of the blade are missing. The hollow circular socket is triangular in plan and tapers to a raised central ridges from which the blades extend to both sides. Though incomplete the blade appears to have been leaf-shaped in plan with a pointed oval section. There are two worn holes on both blades to either side of the central spines where it meets the shaft. These basal loops are indicative of spearheads of the Taunton and Penard phases, 1400 – 1125 BC (Davis, 2017), and this type corresponds with Davis Group 8.



There is a break between the blade and the socket shaft which has been glued back together post-excavation by the finder.



The object has a mid grey-green patina. It is 124.62mm long and 35.34mm wide. The socket shaft is 63.77mm long and the blade is 59.94mm long. The central ridge is 12.05mm wide and the blade is only 1.80mm thick. It weighs 94g.



This fragment is likely to be the lower portion of YORYM-17F9E2 which is from the same location.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-11T23:00:00Z,,,,94,,,12.05,124.62,1,Miss Rania Zein-Elabdin,Miss Rania Zein-Elabdin,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Langtoft,TA0067,GPS (from the finder),54.08920436,-0.47264845,YORYM-9976A6,,WS0369.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Spearhead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/WS0369.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462746.jpg
607463,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe dating to c.1000-800 BC.Only the blade end and part of the socket survives. The blade is expanded and strongly curved. The cutting edge is abraded and notched. Each side curves sharply inwards behind the blade before tapering more gently towards the butt. There are traces of a slight raised rib on the butt end of both sides. The surviving portion of the body is rectangular in cross-section with a hole in the centre, which is all that remains of the socket. All surfaces have a shiny green patina, which is missing in a few places. Traces of patination can also been found on the break.



Length: 63.0mm, width: 44.5mm, thickness: 21.2mm",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-12T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,21.2,63,1,Anna Booth,Anna Booth,East Midlands,Leicestershire,North West Leicestershire,Whitwick,SK4417,From finder,52.74883504,-1.34959469,LEIC-9AFF65,,LEIC-9AFF65.jpg,LEIC-9AFF65: Bronza Age axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/annab/LEIC-9AFF65.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/461419.jpg
607634,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of Middle Bronze Age palstave axe head. Only the damaged but-end broken across the start of the side flanges survives. Corroded surface, with granular fairly unworn breaks. Surviving length 25mm. Width 28mm. Maximum surviving thickness 13mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-20T00:00:00Z,2014-02-20T00:00:00Z,,,,,,13,25,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Barnham Broom,TG0707,Generated from computer mapping software,52.62128609,1.05663867,NMS-AF4584,,59757_AF4584_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/59757_AF4584_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462757.jpg
607664,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, rectangular-sectioned tang, one end pointed, the other a flat-sectioned blade. Length 58mm. Maximum width 6.5mm. Tang 3mm thick. Weighs 4.95g. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-06T00:00:00Z,2014-03-05T00:00:00Z,,,4.95,,,3,58,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Woodbastwick,TG3214,From finder,52.67400626,1.43020792,NMS-B01636,,49802_B01636_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age Awl (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/49802_B01636_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/463791.jpg
607763,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2100,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy axehead of Bronze Age date. The fragment is the blade end which is a tapering rectangle in section flaring out to a splayed blade. The cutting edge is worn with rounded corners and the object is undecorated.



It is not possible to determine which metalworking tradition this axehead fits into therefore a broad date has been ascribed.



The metal has a mid brownish-green patina and is very worn. The fragment is 30mm long, 34.7mm wide, 9mm thick and weighs 37.1g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,37.1,,,9,30,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Wold Newton,TA0573,GPS (from the finder),54.14211387,-0.39415624,YORYM-C17918,,WS0407.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/WS0407.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/463110.jpg
607948,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Butt end of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave in battered condition, with an ancient break. Extant length 30mm. Width 26mm. Thickness 11.5mm. Weight 29.0g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-02T00:00:00Z,2014-03-02T00:00:00Z,,,29,,,11.5,30,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Haveringland,TG1520,Generated from computer mapping software,52.7348659,1.18310938,NMS-D82F56,,44066_D82F56_BA_Palstave.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/44066_D82F56_BA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/470641.jpg
608010,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"An incomplete cast copper alloy Bronze Age side-looped spear dating to the Middle Bronze Age, circa 1500-1100BC. The central / lower midrib, both side loops and some of the socketed mouth of the spear survive. The rest is missing due to old breaks. Originally, the spear would have had a leaf-shaped blade. In plan, the midrib is slightly wider at the base, narrowing gradually to the break. The complete, but now sealed, side loops project to either side. The midrib section is circular and hollow, although soil is now present in the cavity. Soil adheres to the surfaces of the spear, but areas of a shiny, mid green patina are visible. All surfaces of the spear are heavily abraded due to movement in the plough soil.



Length: 46.43mm. Width: 15.57mm. Thickness: 12.37mm. Weight: 13.8g.



A similar spearhead can be viewed on the database: ESS-EBFB42. Comparable side-looped spears with circular midribs are recorded in Rowlands: 1976, plates 37-38



Ref: Rowlands, M.J., The Organisation of Middle Bronze Age Metalworking. Part ii: Catalogue and Plates. British Archaeology Reports 31ii",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-15T23:00:00Z,2012-09-15T23:00:00Z,,RABI Fosse Way Rally 2012,13.8,,,12.37,46.43,1,Angie Bolton,Eloise Markwick,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Warwick,Offchurch,SP3864,Recorded at a rally,52.27284629,-1.4445147,WAW-F1A002,,WAW-F1A002.jpg,Bronze Age spear fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eloisemarkwick/WAW-F1A002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462633.jpg
608305,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axehead. Straight-sided, wedge-shaped butt end, with side flanges rising to form a stop-ridge with a small, narrow loop on one side. Very slightly waisted before expanding with almost straight sides to the slightly curved, damaged and corroded cutting edge. Below the stop-ridge on both faces three short, very shallow ribs merge to form a single longitudinal rib which extends almost to the cutting edge. The casting seams are just visible on each side and most of the surface is pitted and corroded.



Length 149mm. Width of cutting edge 44mm. Maximum thickness 31mm.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-01-22T00:00:00Z,2014-02-20T00:00:00Z,,,,,,31,149,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,North Tuddenham,TG0312,Generated from computer mapping software,52.66768186,1.00070745,NMS-1719F0,,59757_1719F0_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave (illustration by Jason Gibbons),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mchesterkadwell/59757_1719F0_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462755.jpg
608331,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl. At the junction of the broken tang and point the cross-section is rectangular. The end of the tang is missing and faces have oblique hammer marks. Surviving length 43mm. Width / thickness at the centre 6.5 x 5.5mm. Weight 6.05g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-13T00:00:00Z,2014-03-12T00:00:00Z,,,6.05,,,5.5,43,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Ashby St. Mary,TG3202,From finder,52.56632228,1.42179148,NMS-187335,,56960_187335_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age awl. Illustrator: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/56960_187335_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/470645.jpg
609005,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl with sub-square to round-sectioned blade and square to rectangular-section tang. Length 49mm. Maximum width 4mm. Weight 3.58g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-11T00:00:00Z,2014-03-10T00:00:00Z,,,3.58,,,,49,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Oxborough,TF7403,From finder,52.59693296,0.56760028,NMS-96BBF5,,1021_96BBF5_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age awl. Illustrator: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/1021_96BBF5_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/472529.jpg
609060,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1600,-1000,"A fragment of Middle Bronze Age (c.1600-1000 BC) rapier or spear, consisting of the very tip of the object only. It measures 23.71x8.22x3.09mm and weighs 1.44g.


At the flat, old break the cross-section is diamond-shaped. The surface of the metal has a smooth brown patina with pitting marks. The object is slightly bent in profile and has a prominent mid-rib.


Peter Reavill comments ""I think I prefer this as a rapier as the central rib shouldn't go to the tip - unless there is an oval in the bottom of the section which would be the tip of the socket"" (March 2014 pers.comm.).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-24T23:00:00Z,,,,1.44,,,3.09,23.71,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Middle Aston,SP4727,Generated from computer mapping software,51.93952661,-1.31771861,HAMP-983EE4,,HAMP-983EE4.jpg,MIddle Bronze Age rapier (probably),Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-983EE4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/462769.jpg
609250,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy probable razor. Cast U-shaped plate with a cutting edge which runs along one long edge and continuing along the short straight side; the other long side and the U shaped end are flattened. The section is of extremely flattened lentoid form, a point which is only apparent if it is viewed against a straight edge.This object was initially considered as a sword blade fragment, but it lacks any convincing strengthening of the middle part of the blade, and a single sided form would be unusual for a rapier. This object appears to have been robustly cleaned by the finder. Suggested date: possibly Late Bronze Age, 1000-800.



Length: 50.9mm, Width: 26.7mm, Thickness: 3mm, Weight: 21.39gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-06-01T23:00:00Z,,,,21.39,,,3,50.9,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Winteringham,SE9221,Generated from computer mapping software,53.67737737,-0.60870507,NLM-A84697,,NLM25043a.jpg,Bronze age razor,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM25043a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1134292.jpg
609685,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1501,"Butt end fragment of a small Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axehead or chisel in quite worn condition, with an ancient break. Extant length 21.1mm, width 15.3mm, and thickness 9mm. Weight 14.51g. c.2350 - c.1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-20T00:00:00Z,2014-03-19T00:00:00Z,,,14.51,,,9,21.1,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Forncett,TM1692,Generated from computer mapping software,52.48314449,1.17962382,NMS-D34EF6,,37682_D34EF6_BA_FlatAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age flat axehead. Illustration: Jason Gibbons.,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/37682_D34EF6_BA_FlatAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/571222.jpg
610211,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Bronze Age date (1150 - 800 BC) socketed axe: The copper alloy axe is a sub-trapezoid in plan. The mouth of the axe is sub square in plan with rounded corners, and on the mouth there is evidence of two casting jets, one on each side edge. The mouth, on the outer faces appears to be semi-circular in section and is slightly wider than the body of the axe itself. The surface of the socket is rough and is encrusted. There are also traces of what may be the casting residue. In profile the axe is triangular with a casting seam visible on both sides. There are no traces of a side loop. The body faces are undecorated and are trapezoidal in plan. The cutting edge is slightly convex, but it has the remains of the casting seam along it. The surface of the axe has traces of active corrosion, pitting and a well developed patina, but the majority of the surface is abraded and perhaps over cleaned revealing traces of fresh metal. It measures 57.76mm long, 36.32mm wide, 33.79mm thick and weighs 110.2g. The depth of the socket is 40.96mm deep.



Peter Reavill and Phil Watson comment the mouth of the axe is unusually wide, and that the shape is oddly 'stubby'. The blade has never been sharpened, and that in combination with the shape suggests it may have been made for use as a votive offering rather than a functional axe. It is probably dated to the late Bronze Age.



As a note a similar shaped axe was recorded from the same parish which has similar dimensions, but does appear to be a functioning axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-11-29T00:00:00Z,2014-02-27T00:00:00Z,,,110.2,,,33.79,57.76,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Twyning,SO8935,From a paper map,52.01331652,-2.16168564,WAW-1BF878,,WAW-1BF878a.jpg,"Bronze Age socketed axe (plan, profile and plan).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-1BF878a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/463870.jpg
611572,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-600,"
A fragment of a possibly cylindrical object. The copper alloy has a high tin component and coould just possibly be of Bronze Age date, though this is far from certain.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.43,,,2.79,18.58,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,,,,,,,,,SUR-D59F93,,14-349.JPG,Bronze age: Unidentified object,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/14-349.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/466318.jpg
611644,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2250,-1900,"A complete copper alloy flat axehead of early Bronze Age date. The axehead is sub-trapezoidal with a curved blade tapering to a rounded cutting edge. The axehead is extremely worn and undecorated and is likely to relate to the Migdale metalworking tradition as defined by Needham et al (1985) circa 2250 BC - 1900 BC.



The metal has a mid brownish-green patina. The axehead is 109.1mm long, 35.9mm tapering to 17.8mm wide, 9.9mm thick and weighs 123g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,123,,,9.9,109.1,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Egton,NZ8104,Generated from computer mapping software,54.42499038,-0.75305568,YORYM-E50F92,,NK0001.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/NK0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/465336.jpg
611804,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1300,"A fragment of a Middle Bronze Age Dagger or Knife dating to c1500-1300 BC. What survives is the upper part of the blade with attachments for the handle. Two rivet holes partially survive as well as a central rivet aligned with the mid-rib of the blade. The fragment is very worn, so much so that the orignal width of this piece may have been double its present size.



Peter Reavill comments: This example is best compared with plate 35, Luce Bay (Plate 35) Ipswich, or cat. no. 1157 from Teddington - river Thames - not illustrated - (Rowlands BAR no.31, vol 2 p357) described as having a notch-hilted tang - one rivet hole, and a flat mid rib. Like the Teddington example - I would describe this example as notch-hilted with a single central rivet hole, flat-sectioned blade with a low central mid-rib that extends above the two notched rivet holes. The rivet through the tang seems to have a domed head and circular section. All edges are heavily abraded and original surfaces lost.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.55,,,4.78,61.69,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Waverley,Tilford,SU8744,From finder,51.18861405,-0.75648922,SUR-EA4308,,DSCF1396.JPG,Bronze Age: Dagger of knife,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF1396.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/464985.jpg
613593,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2350 BC to c. 2050 BC).



The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in shape with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. The butt is relatively thin having a narrow rounded profile; the width at the butt is 15.3 mm (thickness: 2.0 mm). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively curved. The axe is thickest at the mid point (11.5 mm), with traces of a proto stop ridge present. The sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge with an abraded width of 36.2 mm. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through either abrasion or wear, as has the blade edge itself. Casting 'flaws' or air bubbles are present over most of the surface of the flat axehead.



The axe is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



It measures 79.4 mm in length, maximum width at the blade is 36.2 mm, width at the butt is 15.3 mm and it has a maximum thickness of 11.5 mm. It weighs 88.2 grams.



The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge).



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47.","The surface of the flat axehead was analysed using an Mistral tabletop XRF machine to determine the surface composition The results are as follows:



Bare metal: Cu 81.74% +/- 0.35; Fe 0.98% +/- 0.07; Sn 16.91% +/- 0.22; Pb 0.37% +/- 0.04

Surface 1: Cu 54.68% +/- 0.34; Fe 5.23% +/- 0.15; Sn 34.15% +/- 0.34; Pb 1.01% +/- 0.06

Surface 2: Cu 63.81% +/- 0.33; Fe 1.47% +/- 0.1; Sn 26.20% +/- 0.28; Pb 0.44% +/- 0.06",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-01-12T00:00:00Z,,,,88.2,,,11.5,79.4,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Hinstock,SJ7126,From finder,52.83073554,-2.43187308,WMID-E42FB1,,WMID-E42FB1.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Incomplete flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-E42FB1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/466028.jpg
613712,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-700,A fragment of a circular plano-convex bun ingot of Bronze Age date. The ingot weighs 320g.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,320,,,,99.96,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Wokingham,Wokingham,Swallowfield,SU7263,From finder,51.36151435,-0.96726271,SUR-E7FB54,,B14-188.JPG,Bronze Age: Ingot fragment,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B14-188.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/466091.jpg
613749,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2350,-800,"Fragment of a gold ingot or bar which has been folded over and over again from a larger piece of sheet in order to make it thicker and perhaps to beat out any impurities. There are evident layers in section but these have been heat welded together by forging the gold when hot. The fragment has been hammered to thin out the piece at one end and then either snapped or chiselled off in two areas, perhaps to make it into a more rectangular shape, before it was reworked. There are patches of reddish patina, which have also been seen on a strip of gold (2014 T39) that has already undergone X-ray fluorescence analysis, at the British Museum, which indicated a surface composition of 86-88% gold, 11-13% silver and less than 1% copper which is most consistent with a Bronze Age attribution (report by Susan La Niece).



There are also similar hammered bar fragments that have been found in Bronze Age hoards such as the hoard from Cirencester, Gloucestershire (2004 T416) illustrated in the Treasure Annual Report 2004 on pages 232-3, Fig.17.3 & 17.5 and dated on page 26 to c.1300-1100 BC.



Although similar examples have been found in Bronze Age hoards it is not possible to assign the bar fragment to particular period or cultural context, as it is an undiagnostic fragment (Gill Varndell pers comm).",,3,Gold,,Returned landowner after being declared not Treasure,Metal detector,2014-04-11T23:00:00Z,,2014T279,,10.34,,,2,30.7,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Sennen,SW3625,From finder,50.06638079,-5.69046403,CORN-ECECE2,,April14finz061.JPG,bar fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/April14finz061.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/466456.jpg
613860,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy socketed axehead of Late Bronze Age date. Only the blade part survives intact. It is triangular in profile, rectangular in form with a crescentic blade that expands beyond the sides of the axe. It measures 31mm.","
Record created by images and information supplied by finder. Artefact/coin not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2002-01-01T00:00:00Z,2002-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,31,,,1,Mike Cuddeford,Ellie Vandyk,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,High Easter,TL6316,From finder,51.81885592,0.36349492,ESS-F9FF61,,ESS-F9FF61.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellyfair/ESS-F9FF61.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/466200.jpg
614093,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A copper-alloy flanged palstave with slight central rib. The blade is flared and the extreme edge and corners are missing due to damage and corrosion.



The palstave weighs 459.73g in its present condition. It has a length of 155.0mm, width of 25.1mm that increases to the maximum (but incomplete due to damage) width across the flaring blade of 64.0mm and maximum thickness of 25.8mm. See blue lines on the annotated image.



The artefact has a single shield shaped decoration positioned below the fused stop, and a subtle lateral single mid-rib below the shield. The cast side flanges are fused to the stop ridge and do not continue beyond the stop ridge. The blade is a crescentic or splayed fan shape. Some of these features are obscured from view by the presence of a concretion product that is present within the depressed areas to either side of and also covering the stop. See yellow dashed lines on the annotated image. Use wear is present on the blade.



Discussion: This form of axe fits into the primary, or early phase, palstaves being specifically of group III c.1500-1300 BC, which corresponds with Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - and with Burgess's Metal Working Stage VIII and IX.



Similar to Watson, P.J. Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums. 1993. BAR British series 233, p.7, no.41-43.



Also compare with CAM-0880B9.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,459.73,,,25.8,155,1,Helen Fowler,Helen Fowler,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,East Cambridgeshire,,,,,,CAM-10D8B1,,CAM10D8B1.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave : Copper-alloy flanged palstave with slight central rib,Cambridgeshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hfowler/CAM10D8B1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/522801.jpg
614198,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-801,"
A Bronze Age copper-alloy axehead fragment. The fragment consists of the blade end of a palstave or socketed axe. The cutting edge is crescentic in shape and both ends protrude outwards slightly from the body of the axe. In section, the item is rectangular. The patina is a mid-green colour.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,South Hams,Littlehempston,SX8062,From finder,50.44553685,-3.6914311,DEV-17C701,,DEV17C701BronzeAgeaxeheadfragment.jpg,Bronze Age axehead (fragment),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV17C701BronzeAgeaxeheadfragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583169.jpg
614199,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-801,"
A fragment of a copper-alloy sword, probably dating from the Late Bronze Age.



The surviving part of the hilt retains possible traces of two rivet holes. The sides of the hilt converge, extending into a parallel-sided blade with lenticular cross section. The blade has a squared-off end which is the result of a break.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,South Hams,Littlehempston,SX8062,From finder,50.44553685,-3.6914311,DEV-17DF94,,DEV17DF94BronzeAgeswordordaggerfragment.jpg,Bronze Age sword (fragment),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV17DF94BronzeAgeswordordaggerfragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583173.jpg
614200,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-801,"
A fragment of a copper-alloy sword or dagger, probably dating from the Late Bronze Age. The remaining piece comes from the distal end of the blade and is sub-triangular in plan, having lost its tip. A rounded ridge extends longitudinally down the centre of each face, tapering towards the tip end.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,South Hams,Littlehempston,SX8062,From finder,50.44553685,-3.6914311,DEV-17E6C0,,DEV17E6C0BronzeAgeswordordaggerfragment.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV17E6C0BronzeAgeswordordaggerfragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583175.jpg
614281,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Butt end fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave. The main break is ancient, but on one face most of a flange has been lost recently. Recent scuffing has removed some brown patination. Extant length 26.5mm, width 27mm, and thickness 13.5mm. Weight 27.12g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,2014-02-28T00:00:00Z,,,27.12,,,13.5,26.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Earsham,TM3190,GPS (from the finder),52.45905887,1.39873718,NMS-23A972,,PFd_59813_23A972_BA_Palstave.jpg,Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_59813_23A972_BA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1160202.jpg
614299,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2350,-1600,"A copper-alloy small or miniature flat axehead or chisel of Early Bronze Age date (2350-1600 BC). The axehead is broadly rectangular in shape but is expanded toward the blade and both the blade edge and butt end are rounded. The axe is very worn and pitted and has a dark green patina. It is 53.68mm long, 15.37mm wide, 4.22mm thick and weighs 14.53g.","
Please note this record was made at a rally and therefore may fall below our usual standard.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-17T00:00:00Z,,,Leisure Promotions - East Stratton 17.3.13,14.53,,,,53.68,1,David W Williams,Joanna Cole,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Micheldever,SU5339,Generated from computer mapping software,51.14781592,-1.24367397,HAMP-2499E3,,HAMP-2499E3.jpg,Bronze Age flat axehead,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jojocole/HAMP-2499E3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/466625.jpg
614375,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"
A small fragment comprising part of the socket rim of a Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy socketed axe. Part of the casting seam survives.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.9,,,4.41,28,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Epsom and Ewell,Ewell,TQ2362,From a paper map,51.34378482,-0.23539898,-SUR 2710000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.00,,14-409.JPG,Late bronze age: Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/14-409.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/466694.jpg
615175,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"An incomplete cast copper alloy probable awl, possibly dating to the Bronze Age, but could be Roman. The awl has a tapering blade of sub-rectangular section turning circular near the point, and a sub-rectangular sectioned tang. Although probably cast, on the reverse of the object the copper alloy appears folded.



It measures 57.58mm in length, 8.97mm in width, and has a thickness of 4.77mm. It weighs 10.28g.



See GLO-20E027 and SF-295DE8.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.28,,,4.77,57.58,1,Emily Harwood,Emily Harwood,London,Greater London Authority,Bromley,Chelsfield and Pratts Bottom,TQ4863,From finder,51.34681672,0.12371467,KENT-A38B56,,KENT-A38B56.jpg,KENT-A38B56: Bronze Age Awl,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eeh7/KENT-A38B56.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/468228.jpg
615221,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy leaf shaped razor of the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1500 BC - 800 BC.



The razor is incomplete, but what remains indicates the object was leaf-shaped in plan and a very thin pointed oval in section. The tip of the blade is missing, as is most of the tang. The edges of the blade have chipped and corroded away, leaving an irregular, jagged edge to both sides of the blade. Compare NCL-71EF23, DUR-E58572 and BH-EBD380. The metal has a well developed dark green patina with some pitting. The breaks are also patinated.



The razor is 75.9mm long, 25.8mm wide and 2.6mm thick. It weighs 21.24g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-08T23:00:00Z,2012-09-08T23:00:00Z,,,21.24,,,2.6,75.9,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Loversall,SK5898,From a paper map,53.47554265,-1.12760418,SWYOR-A48EE1,,PAS_2322_blade.jpg,Bronze Age leaf shaped razor,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2322_blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/467324.jpg
615884,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"Incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age copper alloy two-edged knife with the butt of the tang and the distal end of the blade missing, a very slender example in quite fresh condition. The breaks are not recent. Extant length 52.4mm. Width 13.8mm. Thickness 2mm. Weight 6.17g. c.1300 - c. 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-18T00:00:00Z,2014-04-28T23:00:00Z,,,6.17,,,2,52.4,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Morley,TM0698,GPS (from the finder),52.54087171,1.03629582,NMS-07F5C2,,54056_07F5C2_BA_Knife_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age knife. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/54056_07F5C2_BA_Knife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572801.jpg
615891,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,Fragment of the blade of a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper alloy two-edged knife in rather worn condition with ancient breaks. Extant length 27mm. Width 17.1mm. Thickness 3.8mm. Weight 7.99g. c.1300 - c. 800 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-18T00:00:00Z,2014-04-28T23:00:00Z,,,7.99,,,3.8,27,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Morley,TM0698,GPS (from the finder),52.54087171,1.03629582,NMS-0844F5,,54056_0844F5_BA_Knife_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age knife. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/54056_0844F5_BA_Knife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572802.jpg
616058,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead in fresh condition with a sharp cutting edge. The surfaces are predominantly brown, and there are patches of verdigris and rust coloured material adhering to the surface. Peaty material found with the socket and retained reflects the burial conditions. Length 70mm. Width 39.5mm. Thickness 31mm. Weight 118.46g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-18T00:00:00Z,2014-04-28T23:00:00Z,,,118.46,,,31,70,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7202,GPS (from the finder),52.5885881,0.53758369,NMS-0D8353,,59815_0D8353_LBA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe head,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59815_0D8353_LBA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572805.jpg
616076,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier in two pieces, with a recent break across the blade, complete apart from a small piece of the blade edge lost recently when the object was bent, and one corner of the hilt, where the break is not recent. The condition is quite fresh, with sharp cutting edges. Most of both surfaces are stained brown. Organic material stained green and brown adhers to one side of the hilt. Length 237mm. Width 40mm. Thickness 4.1mm. Length of rivet 13mm. Weight 107.31g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-18T00:00:00Z,2014-04-28T23:00:00Z,,,107.31,,,4.1,237,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7201,GPS (from the finder),52.57960712,0.5370648,NMS-0DEDB0,,25044_0DEDB0_MBA_Rapier_DETAIL.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/25044_0DEDB0_MBA_Rapier_DETAIL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/563262.jpg
616207,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age gold bracelet fragment, 45 mm long 11mm wide and 1mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 13.95 grams. The object consists of a solid sub-circular terminal 9.5mm long and 8mm wide. Below this the object has a rectangular form which widens and flattens sharply out to a terminal which appears to have been broken, as though ripped. The fragment begins with a width of 8mm and widens and flattens to 11mm where it has broken. The underside of the shaft is concave, which is most pronounced near the terminal and its upper side remains slightly rounded.



Discussion: The object is very similar to NMGW-E48854 and PAS-B9D6E5 both dated to the Late Bronze Age. Similar bracelets, and their wider context, are discussed by Eogan (1994, 80-108).","As the object is made of gold and is over 300 years old, it constitutes potential Treasure under the stipulations of The Treasure Act 1996.



Eogan, G. 1994, The Accomplished Art. Gold and Gold-Working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c.2300-650 BC), Oxford: Oxbow Monograph 42",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-05-01T23:00:00Z,,2014T303,,13.95,,,1,45,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Asfordby,SK6918,From finder,52.75521532,-0.97907093,LEIC-1F1276,,2014T303 LEIC-1F1276.jpg,Bronze age gold bracelet fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/2014T303 LEIC-1F1276.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/468009.jpg
616311,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-700,"
A small fragment comprising the tip of a copper alloy spearhead of Mid to Late Bronze Age date. The fragment has a pronounced rounded spine with no trace of the socket.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.85,,,8.5,31.41,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Micheldever,SU5340,From finder,51.15680714,-1.24352702,SUR-219BC8,,DSCF1833.JPG,Bronze Age: Spearhead tip,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF1833.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/468202.jpg
616493,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"Cast copper alloy blade from a flat axe, trapezoidal in plan with a splayed crescent-shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges, and in section, at the broken butt end, it is rectangular. The blade is flaring to the edge and the blade facet is bevelled from hammering. The long side-edges of the axe are slightly flanged. The broken edge would have continued to taper towards the butt end. The blade edge is uneven with perpendicular nicks across the edge which show that it was used in antiquity. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on the surface of the axe, and the surface is not very corroded or pitted, with a few marks and strikes such as a linear shallow groove on one side, caused by damage prior to deposition (Laura Ratcliffe pers comm). There is also a circular depression that has been caused by a gas bubble forming when the axe was cast.



The length is 64 mm, the width of broken end is 39 mm and the width of the blade is 66 mm, the thickness of the broken end is 9.5 mm and the thickness of the blade edge is 4 mm.



Similar flat axes on the database can be seen in DENO-93FB17, SUR-E3F467, LANCUM-3324F7, LANCUM-6507C2 and LVPL-851560.



Even though it is incomplete, the remains of this flat axe compares well to other examples from the Migdale tradition of the early Bronze Age, dating from c.2200-2000BC.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar example of a slender Migdale type flat axe on page 400, Plate 1, No.6, from Tregonjeeves Quarry in Cornwall, and broad Migdale type flat axes from Harlyn Bay, Cornwall and Hemyock and Kentisbeare in Devon, on pages 418, 443 & 446, Plates 12, 31 & 33, Nos.98c, 243 & 259, which are associated with the Migdale metalworking tradition of the Early Bronze Age, c.2200-2000 BC.



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 (c.2350-2050 cal BC). This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp.121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. pp.46-47.","Report from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis (set to copper / zinc) by Kathryn Moore at Camborne School of Mines:



balance 55%



iron 0.575%



copper 19.61% +/-1.08%



tin 24.04% +/-1.85%



zinc 0.034%



arsenic 0.584%



lead 0.027%



The high tin reading for the Migdale axe is simply a result of the formation of tin-rich corrosion products on the surface of the axe. The arsenic content appears to be about right (Dr Peter Northover pers comm).",3,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,2014-02-16T00:00:00Z,,,,170.57,,,9.5,64,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Landulph,SX4263,Generated from computer mapping software,50.44551616,-4.22666552,CORN-3207B3,,May14finds048.JPG,flat axe blade,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/May14finds048.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/468175.jpg
616534,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"A Middle/Late Bronze Age (1500-800 BC) copper alloy rapier blade or spearhead  fragment, which tapers down in width from an old break to the tip of the blade. The fragment is lozengiform in cross section with a prominent rib on either side and old breaks. The fragment measures 39.13mm in length, 11.78mm wide at the break, 1.95mm wide at the tip, 5.48mm at its thickest, and weighs 6.29g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.29,,,5.48,39.13,1,Catherine Johnson,Catherine Johnson,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Kingston Deverill,ST8634,,51.1051254,-2.20134095,WILT-343675,,WILT-343675.jpg,Bronze Age rapier fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-343675.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/473923.jpg
616536,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"A Middle/Late Bronze Age (1500-800 BC) copper alloy rapier blade fragment. The fragment is lozengiform in cross section with a prominent rib on either side. The breaks are old. The fragment measures 19.33mm in length, 18.91mm in width, 4.85mm thick, and weighs 7.57g.



Very similar to WILT-524387",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.57,,,4.85,19.33,1,Catherine Johnson,Catherine Johnson,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Knook,ST9442,,51.17720264,-2.08721243,WILT-3445B1,,WILT-3445B1.jpg,Bronze Age rapier blade,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-3445B1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/473759.jpg
616610,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,-600,"A late Bronze Age cast copper alloy disc-headed pin, now slightly distorted. The head of the pin is 16.3mm in diameter and is slightly dished or concave. The head curves gently into the shaft whose sides run parallel until just above the point. The shaft measures c2.75mm at a point 10mm below the head. The pin is in good condition with a blue/green patina. There is a small amount of post-depositional damage around the head of the pin.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.33,,,,96,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Baydon,SU2977,From finder,51.49120765,-1.58369281,-SUR 37620000000.00,,B14-204.JPG,Bronze Age: Disc-headed pin,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B14-204.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/468235.jpg
616960,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy object, part of the mouth of a circular socket, slightly distorted, thickness 1.5mm, external diameter c.20mm, reducing slightly before extending to the break. Extant length 19mm. Weight 4.28g. The breaks are old. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-18T00:00:00Z,2014-04-28T23:00:00Z,,,4.28,,20,1.5,19,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,TF7106,GPS (from the finder),52.62482744,0.52490383,NMS-60E891,,30059_60E891_BA_UnidentifiedObject_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age unidentified object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/30059_60E891_BA_UnidentifiedObject_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572709.jpg
617557,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,"Copper alloy socketed knife fragment of Thorndon type. The remaining fragment consists of the socket and lower section of the blade. The bottom half of the socket is truncated, however the remaining section shows that it would originally have had a narrow waist and oval cross-section. The blade is also truncated near the socked, the remaining section has slightly tapering edges and three ridges running down the spine of both sides of blade giving it a flat decagon shape in cross-section.



The date range for this type of knife is c1100 to c800BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-01T00:00:00Z,2013-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,30.74,,,10,42,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Bath and North East Somerset,Bath and North East Somerset,Timsbury,ST6658,From finder,51.32008194,-2.48927752,GLO-B7DA21,,GLOB7DA21.jpg,GLO-B7DA21 Bronze Age Knife fragment,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOB7DA21.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/469058.jpg
618095,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 800 BC) socketed spear (spearhead): The copper alloy spearhead consists of the upper portion of the spear, being broken just as the socket starts. In plan the spearhead is an elongated sub-triangle with the blade facets and tip both being abraded. The spear blades cutting edges have been lost, however, the overall shape of the blade can be probably be ascribed to being leaf-shaped. The spearhead fragment is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with a bi-convex shaped cross section. The lower portion of the spearhead has been lost and the break is too high to include the cast side loops. The break at the base of the spearhead includes the top of the socket which is oval. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The surface of the spearhead has a light grey/green coloured patina which is incomplete. It measures 50.08mm long, 13.47mm wide, 5.66mm thick and weighs 8.8g.



It is likely that the style of this type of spearhead can be attributed to the Middle Bronze Age; specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). However, many of the diagnostic characteristics (such as loops, peg holes and blade shape) have been lost and so a wider date range is suggested above.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-10-24T23:00:00Z,2013-12-02T00:00:00Z,,,8.8,,,5.66,50.08,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Bromsgrove,Dodford with Grafton,SO9471,From finder,52.33704904,-2.08948263,WAW-F10D36,,WAW-F10D36.jpg,"Middle or Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead (plan, profile and reverse).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-F10D36.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/469681.jpg
618135,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-750,"A Late-Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age (final Penard, Wilburton or Ewart Park phase c. 1200-750 BC) copper alloy plain pegged spearhead with leaf-shaped blade dating to Needham's period 6-7 and of Ehrenburg's Class V (1977). It measures 113.90mm in length, 27.82mm in max.width (across the base of the blade), 23.13mm in max.thickness and diameter (at the open end of the socket) and with a socket depth at least 87mm. The internal socket diameter is 18.24mm. Weighs 66.82g.

The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade, measuring 14.79mm in thickness at its widest point (27.82mm) and extending from just above the two peg-holes (one of which is 4.9mm in diameter, the other 3.9mm). The blade has a chamfered edge and pronounced central mid-rib (extending from a conical socket). It is unclear how far beyond the depth of at least 87mm the socket extends as traces of wood are apparent in the socket. The line of the blade is smoothly curving and angles a little more sharply at the tip. Peter Reavill (FLO, Herefordshire & Shropshire) comments that this example is on the cusp of being 'stumpy', which Ehrenburg defines as being less than 100mm in length and having a width 1/3 their length (pers.comm. May 2014).

Much of the original patina has been lost and one surface in particular is a shiny coppery colour, an indication of deposition in water or peat that is anaerobic.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-15T23:00:00Z,,,66.82,,23.13,23.13,113.9,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,London,Greater London Authority,City of Westminster,Vincent Square,TQ3078,Generated from computer mapping software,51.4860175,-0.12909005,HAMP-F22239,,HAMP-F22239.jpg,Late Bronze Age spearhead,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-F22239.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/469467.jpg
618161,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"
Copper alloy socketed spearhead fragment that dates to the middle to late Bronze Age. This is the tip of the spearhead and has a pronounced spine running down its centre that is circular in cross-section, this is flanked by thin blades that taper to a fine point. The rear of the spear is truncated resulting in the loss of the socket and rear section of the blades.  In the break the tip of the socket is visible as a small hollow at the base of the central spine. 
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-01-01T00:00:00Z,2014-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,15.12,,,8,65,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Gretton,SP0030,From finder,51.96847428,-2.00140928,GLO-F2F1FF,,GLOF2F1FF.JPG,GLO-F2F1FF Bronze Age Spearhead,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOF2F1FF.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/469451.jpg
618395,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1140,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy dirk with a notched butt, complete apart from a small part in the centre of the proximal end of the butt (an old break) and numerous fragments of the cutting edges, lost both in antiquity and recently. The patination is a rich dark brown. Length 179mm. Width 37.8mm. Thickness 5.5mm. Weight 89.24g. Burgess and Gerloff 1981, Group IV, Type Cutts, Variant Kilrea. Penard Phase, c.1275 to c.1140 BC.



This is the first recorded example from Norfolk.



(field JB1)",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,89.24,,,5.5,179,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Kenninghall,TM0785,Generated from computer mapping software,52.42378879,1.04294966,NMS-301E17,,59800_301E17_BA_Dirk_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age dirk,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59800_301E17_BA_Dirk_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573887.jpg
618605,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of Middle Bronze Age rapier (Group IV in the scheme of Burgess & Gerloff 1981). Hafting-plate with convex upper edge, broken on either side across a large rivet hole or possible notches, tapering smoothly to the pointed oval-sectioned blade, slightly bevelled for the cutting edge, with an ancient, transverse break. The edges are damaged and corroded. Circa 1600 - 1000 BC.



Surviving length 73mm. Width 37mm. Width of blade at break 15.5mm. Thickness at break 5mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-26T00:00:00Z,2014-04-22T23:00:00Z,,,,,,5,73,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,North Tuddenham,TG0312,Generated from computer mapping software,52.66768186,1.00070745,NMS-49B356,,59756_49B356_BA_Rapier.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59756_49B356_BA_Rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572573.jpg
618785,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Part of a parallel-sided copper alloy blade, both ends broken, both cutting edges abraded, a Late Bronze Age two-edged knife. Extant length 42.5mm. Width 9.5mm. Thickness 2.5mm. Weight 12.00g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



(field LF)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,,,,2.5,42.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1198,Generated from computer mapping software,52.53895909,1.1099104,NMS-5B59F4,,59796_5B59F4_BA_Knife_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age knife. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59796_5B59F4_BA_Knife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573842.jpg
619064,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-701,"Part of the cutting edge of a Bronze Age copper alloy axehead in quite fresh condition, with an ancient break. Extant length, width and thickness 7.7, 30 and 5mm. Weight 3.58g. c.2000 - c.700 BC.



(field HFB)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,3.58,,,4,7.7,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1198,Generated from computer mapping software,52.53895909,1.1099104,NMS-70444A,,59795_70444A_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age axehead. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59795_70444A_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573819.jpg
619254,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date. The fragment is the blade end including part of the socketed area. The axehead has a tapering rectangle section and is sub-rectangular in plan with a widely flared cutting edge. The breaks are old and worn and faint casting flashes are present along one side.



The metal has a light greyish-green patina and is worn. The fragment is 51.1mm long, 33.1 to 20mm wide, 13.7mm thick and weighs 31.8g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1000 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,31.8,,,13.7,51.1,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Pickering,SE7982,Generated from computer mapping software,54.22763134,-0.78969079,YORYM-751719,,SPB0001.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/SPB0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/471802.jpg
619255,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard described by the finder as being found in an area 'the size of a table top'. Although the patination (darker green with little or no corrosion) and breaks of objects Nos. 1 - 3 are very similar, they do not re-fit.



1. A fragment from the mouth of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe head with a shallow and not well defined moulding at the rim and broken across a second shallow moulding. The breaks are irregular and unabraded but not recent. Now separate, but within socket of another axe (No. 4) when found. It has not been possible to assign the axe to a typological grouping.



Dimensions: Surviving length: 15mm; Surviving width: 18mm; Weight: 6.4g.



2. A fragment of cast, curved copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axe head with no original edge, the breaks irregular and unabraded but not recent. Now separate, but within socket of axe 4 when found. It has not been possible to assign the axe to a typological grouping.



Dimensions: 15mm by 18mm; Weight 4.1g.



3. A fragment from the mouth of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe head with a shallow moulding at the rim and broken across a second shallow moulding. The breaks are irregular and unabraded but not recent. Now separate, but within socket of axe 4 when found. It has not been possible to assign the axe to a typological grouping.



Dimensions: Surviving length: 15mm; Surviving width: 21mm; Weight: 6.2g.



4. An incomplete Late Bronze Age socketed axe head, broken and distorted. The sides originally straight or very slightly concave but now distorted, with an oval-sectioned loop, and narrow but distinct casting seams on each edge. The mouth and blade are missing, the breaks irregular and slightly corroded, with both faces apparently hammered at either end to pinch the broken edges towards each other. The surface is mostly patinated mid green, with patches of very pale dusty green corrosion. Object Nos. 1 - 3 were found within the socket of this axe head.



Dimensions: Surviving length 63 mm. Surviving width at break at blade end: 33mm. Maximum surviving thickness: 22mm.



5. A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe head consisting of the curved blade only, broken across the base of the socket. The surface is corroded dull pale green with very worn breaks. It is not possible to be certain because of the condition of the breaks, but it seems unlikely that fragment Nos. 4 & 5 are parts of the same object.



Dimensions: Surviving length 24mm. Width of cutting edge 38mm. Weight 23.5g.



6. A fragment of an unidentified object. Sub-rectangular, flat-sectioned and thickened at one end. The edges and surface are extremely worn making it uncertain if the edges are broken or original except at the thinner, short edge which is probably a break. Perhaps part of a blade.



Dimensions: Length 35mm. Width 22.5mm. Maximum thickness 7mm. Weight 19.6g.



Discussion



The small area from which these objects were recovered and the presence of fragments within the socket of axe head No. 4 clearly suggests that these objects were deposited together as a hoard of prehistoric metalwork. The finds appear to represent a hoard of Late Bronze Age (c.1000-800/700 cal BC) metal in a fragmentary condition, often referred to as a 'founders' hoard'. It is not been possible to assign the axes to more particular typological grouping because of their fragmentary condition but it may be possible to do so in the course of future study.","Conclusions



The objects (No. 1-6) represent a single find of prehistoric base metal. The find therefore qualifies as belonging to a grouping of at least two prehistoric base-metal objects and, therefore, as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,2014-03-30T23:00:00Z,2014T364,,,,,,,6,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Runhall,TG0608,Generated from computer mapping software,52.63064311,1.04251108,NMS-7517F1,,59739_7517F1_BA_Hoard_1and4.jpg,Bronze Age axe head,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59739_7517F1_BA_Hoard_1and4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/470325.jpg
619336,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"An early Bronze Age flanged axehead dating to the Arreton and Aylesford periods, c. 1700 to 1500 BC.



The handle of the axe is no longer present due to a break. The object has side flanges which are highest at the break and then become lower towards the blade. 15.5mm from the break, there are a series of ridges visible on both sides of the object. These extend towards the blade and stop just beyond the termination of the side flanges. The blade flattens and widens from the ridges to a maximum width of 64.84 mm. There is a little bit of damage to one side of the blade tip.



The blade is in quite good condition aside from the missing section. There is a fairly even brown patina with small sections of more active green corrosion.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,25.28,86.67,1,Lauren Proctor,Lauren Proctor,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Well,SE2681,Centred on parish,54.22406455,-1.60271879,DUR-863704,,DUR-863704.jpg,DUR-863704: Bronze Age axhead,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DUR-863704.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/470315.jpg
619394,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1000,"A cast copper alloy palstave.  The butt has been broken away by an old break. It is unlooped with narrow flanges fused to the stop ridge. The width at the butt is 21mm. The flanges start to rise gradually from the butt and a parallel in height to the septum. The stop ridge is plain with no decoration on the blade. The blade widens gently in width forming rounded (worn?) tips from which a crescentic cutting edge projects, max 39mm wide. The blade tapers in thickness to the edge with no edge bevel. The surface is worn and pitted.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,177,,,15,121,1,Laura Pooley,Justine Biddle,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,,SE5702,Centred on parish,53.51160127,-1.14194373,LVPL-891CC7,,Cove A - palstave 25.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jebiddle/Cove A - palstave 25.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/470360.jpg
619561,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-701,"Copper alloy casting jet, probably Bronze Age, sub-oval (29 x 24mm), with the remains of five runners and part of a sixth broken runner partly obscured by its replacements. Height 23mm. Weighs 38.10g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-04-13T23:00:00Z,2014-05-11T23:00:00Z,,,38.1,23,,,29,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7010,From finder,52.66106548,0.51220395,NMS-C46D49,,58496_C46D49_BA_CastingWaste.jpg,Bronze Age casting waste,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/58496_C46D49_BA_CastingWaste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572982.jpg
619604,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, rectangular-sectioned, elongated and rather elegant with thickened mouth (27 x 25mm), in fairly fresh condition with casting seam on both sides and slightly squashes loops. Broken flaring sharp cutting edge, just over half remains, some recent scratching on one face. Length 98mm. Surviving width (blade) 38mm. Weight 130.52g. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-04-13T23:00:00Z,2014-05-11T23:00:00Z,,,130.52,23,,,98,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7010,From finder,52.66106548,0.51220395,NMS-C6239A,,58496_C6239A_BA_SocketedAxeHead.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/58496_C6239A_BA_SocketedAxeHead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572984.jpg
619678,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Bronze Age, probably Middle Bronze, spearhead, the tip with the point missing, breaks apparently not very old. Extant length 23mm. Width 9.5mm. Thickness 4.2mm. Weight 2.54g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.



(field JB1)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,,,,4.2,23,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Kenninghall,TM0785,Generated from computer mapping software,52.42378879,1.04294966,NMS-C85A51,,59800_C85A51_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age spear,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59800_C85A51_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573918.jpg
619936,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Abraded fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy two-edged knife, both ends broken (not recently), the cutting edges blunted. Extant length and width 23.6 and 17.7mm. Thickness 2.8mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



(field B7)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,,,,2.8,23.6,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Great Ellingham,TM0195,Generated from computer mapping software,52.515805,0.96085977,NMS-DCAACD,,59798_DCAACD_BA_Knife_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age knife. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59798_DCAACD_BA_Knife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573876.jpg
620038,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-600,A fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy plano-convex bun ingot. The fragment weighs 38.85g.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,38.85,,,12.83,24.31,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2148,GPS (from the finder),51.21838612,-0.26883692,SUR-E01A95,,14-645.JPG,Late bronze age: Ingot,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/14-645.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/473731.jpg
620046,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, with the mouth of the socket missing (recent break). The side loops, with their lozengiform covers, are set on the socket. They are blcoked by ferrous deposits. The surfaces are lightly pockmarked and there is some scuffing on the cutting edges. Greenwell and Brewis 1909, Class IV. Extant length 85.5mm. Width 24.3mm. Weight 43.77g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.



(field Q3)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,43.77,,,,85.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Tacolneston,TM1395,Generated from computer mapping software,52.51125206,1.13743288,NMS-E07B1A,,57319_E07B1A_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age spear. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/57319_E07B1A_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573769.jpg
620151,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A late Bronze Age socketed axe of Meldreth type, Ewart Park metalwork assemblage, c1000-800BC. The axe is facetted and octagonal in section. It measures 99mm in length and the socket is 63mm in depth. The width is 22.43mm and the distance from the side to the loop opposite is 31.3mm. The rim of the axe is c3.6mm thick and there is a prominent rib just below the rim. The blade is largely worn away and a section is missing from the rim. The casting seams are largely filed away but are still visible. There are large patches of surface corrosion where the original surface is missing. Elsewhere the original surface is well-preserved.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,,,,,137,,,,99.17,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,,Bracknell Forest,Bracknell Forest,Winkfield,SU9370,Generated from computer mapping software,51.42139306,-0.66388963,SUR-EEBB82,,DSCF2396.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF2396.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/470939.jpg
620170,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl comprising a sub-square to round-sectioned blade, point missing and a square-sectioned tang (proximal end missing). The damage is recent. Extant length 51.5mm. Width at junction of tang and blade 4.4mm. Weight 4.61g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



(field L12)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,4.61,,,,51.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Roudham and Larling,TL9788,Generated from computer mapping software,52.45441516,0.8978555,NMS-EF02B4,,59799_EF02B4_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age awl. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59799_EF02B4_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573880.jpg
620582,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy axe blade, 38mm long,  26mm wide and 12mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 37.78grams. The object is sub rectangular in form and rectangular in section. The blade has a quite flat cutting edge which curves up at the ends and is quite abraded. The sides are also quite flat, very gently tapering inwards.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2014-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,37.78,,,12,38,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Thrussington,SK6415,Centred on parish,52.72886457,-1.05372827,LEIC-04F374,,LEIC-04F374.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy axe blade,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC-04F374.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/471330.jpg
620624,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy looped palstave, only the stumps of the loop surviving. All surfaces are badly pockmarked and some patches are iron stained. Small parts of the flanges are missing. There is a median rib on both faces of the blade. Length 143.3mm. Width 46.7mm. Thickness 31.3mm. Weight 388g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.



(field JB9)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,388,,,31.3,143.3,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0884,Generated from computer mapping software,52.41443244,1.05701268,NMS-069BEE,,59801_069BEE_BA_Palstave.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59801_069BEE_BA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573919.jpg
620794,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Early Bronze Age Flanged axe, straight sides slightly convex in section, sub-rectangular heel, blade expanding towards damaged crescentic cutting edge, original edge missing, cast flanges, slight transverse bevel ridge on both faces at junction of hafting surface and blade below which is a broad band of multiple short vertical grooves. Heavily corroded with much of the surface missing at both ends and pitting and blistering occurring over all surfaces. Surviving length 93mm. Surviving width at blade 45mm. Thickness at mid-point of flange 11.5mm. Weight 162.83g. Cast flanged axes belong to the later part of the Early Bronze Age. c.1700 - c.1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-04-09T23:00:00Z,2014-05-13T23:00:00Z,,,162.83,,,11.5,93,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Lyng,TG0618,,52.72041262,1.0487593,NMS-19A731,,59826_19A731_BA_FlangedAxeHead.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe head,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59826_19A731_BA_FlangedAxeHead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/476467.jpg
621033,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy socketed axehead. Cast axe head with crescentic cutting edge, a slightly tapered lower blade and a broad body with a square mouth of internal dimensions 26mm by 29mm by 58mm deep. A single internal rib runs longitudinally within the socket on either side, presumably to assist hafting. Externally, three low ribs run from the socket towards the blade on either side, and a loop springs from a prominent collar moulding below the mouth. Heavily abraded though still complete. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800 BC.



Length: 83mm, Width (at blade): 42.2mm, Thickness (overall at mouth): 39.5mm, Weight: 205gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,1996-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,205,,,39.5,83,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,South Ferriby,SE9922,Centred on parish,53.68508501,-0.50245302,NLM-56E601,,NLM25507a.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM25507a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1135097.jpg
621034,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"Copper alloy sword or dagger fragment. Cast segment from a markedly tapering blade of lentoid section. The object is curved when viewed in profile, whether as a result of deliberate or adventitious damage is uncertain. Suggested date: Middle to late Bronze Age, 1600-800 BC.



Length: 38.0mm, Width: 27.5mm, Thickness: 5.7mm, Weight: 24.72gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,1996-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,24.72,,,5.7,38,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,South Ferriby,SE9922,Centred on parish,53.68508501,-0.50245302,NLM-56F0CD,,NLM25508a.jpg,Bronze Age sword fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM25508a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1135098.jpg
621035,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"Copper alloy sword fragment. Cast shard from a narrow but robust lentoid section blade with slightly convergent sides. Heavily abraded overall. Suggested date: Middle to Late Bronze Age, 1600-800 BC.



Length: 28.3mm, Width: 22.7mm, Thickness: 6.4mm, Weight: 14.01gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,1996-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,14.01,,,6.4,28.3,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,,,,,,,,,NLM-56FB58,,NLM25509a.jpg,Bronze Age sword fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM25509a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1135099.jpg
621036,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy possible ring fragment. Cast segment from the inner circumference of a hollow ring of estimated external diameter 60mm. The external surface has a bright grey finish, perhaps from tin in the metal mix if not applied as a plating; the latter possibility arising from its apparent loss from the edges of the piece. This object was kindly allocated to the Bronze Age by Dr Kevin Leahy (in April 2011); it may be from a suite of horse gear. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800 BC.



Length (as found): 31.4mm, Width: 11.5mm, Thickness: 1.2mm, Weight: 3.31gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,1996-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,3.31,,,1.2,31.4,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,South Ferriby,SE9922,Centred on parish,53.68508501,-0.50245302,NLM-570971,,NLM25510a.jpg,Possibly Bronze Age ring fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM25510a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1135100.jpg
621280,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A small copper-alloy very worn tool, chisel or possibly awl of uncertain date, possibly Bronze Age maybe even possibly Middle Bronze Age to possibly Late Bronze Age. The tool weighs 3.17g, has a length of 41.0mm, width of 5.1mm and thickness of 5.0mm being thickest and widest at the centre. One half of the tool tapers to a rectangular cross-section measuring 4.3mm width and 1.3mm thick at the flat rounded terminal. Some wear is present at the tip of this half of the artefact and it is uncertain whether the tip originally had squared corners rather than gently rounded as is the current shape. The other half of the tool starts as a sub-square cross-section at the centre point and then tapers with a sub-circular and then circular cross-section to a pointed tip.  This artefact is possibly a very worn tanged collared chisel.  There are lots of parallels from the Wilburton and Ewart Park complexes.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.17,,,5,41,1,Helen Fowler,Helen Fowler,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Whittlesford,TL4547,Centred on field,52.10233651,0.11561801,CAM-5F6326,,CAM-5F6326.jpg,Unknown Date Possibly Bronze Age : Small Copper-alloy Chisel,Cambridgeshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hfowler/CAM-5F6326.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/472844.jpg
622632,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,"A fragment of a plano-convex bun ingot of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, c1200-700BC. The fragment weighs 215g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,215,,,,69.87,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Cox Green,SU8579,From finder,51.50355286,-0.77675305,SUR-F09F01,,B14-239.JPG,Bronze Age: Ingot fragment,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B14-239.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/472961.jpg
622757,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy socketed axehead fragment. Shard from the mouth of a socketed axehead with a prominent moulding at the socket and a mould line visible on its outer surface. Fiercely abraded. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800 BC.



Length: 22.3mm, Width: 29.3mm, Thickness: 6.9mm, Weight: 12.33gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,1996-01-01T00:00:00Z,2012-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,12.33,,,6.9,22.3,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,South Ferriby,SE9922,Centred on parish,53.68508501,-0.50245302,NLM-01AC1B,,NLM25593a.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM25593a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1135221.jpg
622767,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1100,"Copper alloy possible palstave axe fragment. Cast fragment from the angular edge of a hollow cast object with its sides meeting each other at right angles, of overall L section. The object appears to have tapered, and the extent of bubbled material on its inside surface increases as its sides converge. The outer surface bears patches of tarry material, possibly sooting, which carry across one fracture surface and appears as a small spot on the inner surface. Suggested date: possibly Middle Bronze Age, 1601-1000 BC.



Length: 40.4mm, Width: 17.6mm, Thickness: 4.4mm, Weight: 15.56gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,1996-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,15.56,,,4.4,40.4,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,South Ferriby,SE9922,Centred on parish,53.68508501,-0.50245302,NLM-01D4A3,,NLM25595a.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM25595a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1135223.jpg
622837,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1500,"An incomplete copper alloy flat axehead. The butt is missing with only a section of the body and the cutting edge remaining. The cutting edge is splayed and crescentic with clear facet to the blade edge on both faces. The cross section of the body is sub- rectangular with slightly convex ffaces and slightly angled sides. There is a ridge along the length of the axe along the middle of both sides. On the flat faces is a faint mid-rib and a low transverse ridge just before the break.

Date: Early Bronze Age - c. 2350 - 1500 BC

Dimensions :67.09 mmx 58.65 mm x 14.46 mm

Weight:156.82 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Martin,SU0819,Centred on field,50.97036255,-1.88743954,DOR-0434C1,,0434C1.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axe,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/0434C1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/473231.jpg
623591,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A (probably later) Bronze Age (c.1150-800 BC) copper alloy tanged awl, with a (now bent) tang circular in cross-section, narrowing from 5.50mm in diameter where it projects from the centre of the 'body' and flattening at the very end to become rectangular in cross-section at its other end (2.49x0.62mm). This end has some rough damage to it and is possibly incomplete. The body of the awl is conical in shape, being particularly flared at its base (11.77mm in diameter) and narrowing to a rounded point (1.31mm diameter) over a length of 38.72mm.

The patina is a smooth dark green/ blue in colour, shiny in places with patches of probable corrosion.

The awl measures 89.09mm in length (original, unbent length c.95mm) and weighs 16.21g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-22T00:00:00Z,,,,16.21,,11.77,,89.09,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Baydon,SU2977,From finder,51.49120765,-1.58369281,HAMP-443A31,,HAMP-443A31.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-443A31.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/474083.jpg
623592,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-701,"Unidentified possible Bronze Age molten fragment of casting waste or metalworking debris, comprising, irregular L-shaped cast fragment. Length 40mm. Width 40mm. Weighs 36.93.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-07T23:00:00Z,2014-06-03T23:00:00Z,,,36.93,,,,40,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Ingham,TG3926,,52.77863676,1.54226168,NMS-443C05,,,,,,,
623607,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead. There is some plough damage to the axehead. There are no obvious casting seams.



The outer surface is missing with only a small dark brown layer remaining. What remains is the light green corrosion layer beneath.



The socket is damaged but has an approximate diameter of 21mm. The axehead is 85mm long. The blade edge is slightly curved and 35mm wide. The suspension loop is missing, leaving only scars.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,61.86,,21,,85,1,Julie Cassidy,Julie Cassidy,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Canons Ashby,SP5752,GPS (from the finder),52.16333596,-1.16810559,NARC-44F56D,,NARC-44F56Da.jpg,NARC-44F56D socketed axehead Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jcassidy/NARC-44F56Da.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/473662.jpg
624194,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy Palstave axehead of Schmidt and Burgess 'unclassified low-flanged palstave' type with broad blade (group III) and without side loop, belonging to the Taunton phase of metalworking and corresponding to Needham's period 5, 1500-1150 BC. The axehead is incomplete and broken into two pieces, with loss due to the break.



The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with slightly convex expanding sides and a very slightly curved cutting edge. In profile the blade is triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The break, which occurs just above the stop ridge, is H-shaped in cross-section and measures 26.18x18.15mm.


The butt-end of the axehead is sub-rectangular in plan, tapering towards the butt, and sub-triangular in profile. On both faces, high flanges rise to form the stop ridge (max.19.21mm high). Between these flanges is a vey thin septum, on one face of which is a small lump of metal, probably a product of corrosion.



The palstave retains some of its original smooth dark patina but the majority of the surface is corroded and now a bright green colour with some patches of red-brown. At the break, in both halves, air bubbles are visible in the metal, perhaps weakening it at this point.


With the two pieces fitted together the axehead measures 147.75mm in length. At the widest point, the cutting edge, it measures 47.48mm and at the thickest, the stop ridge, it measures 24.1mm. It weighs 306g.



References:



Schmidt P.K. and Burgess C.B., 1981, The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Munich, plate 61, no.839.



Needham, S., 1996 Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, 67.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,306,24.1,,,147.75,1,Joanna Cole,Joanna Cole,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Durley,SU5215,From finder,50.93211327,-1.26140689,HAMP-996311,,HAMP-996311a.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jojocole/HAMP-996311a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/476471.jpg
624885,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl with rectangular-sectioned tapering tang and blade, the latter becoming round-sectioned towards the point. Length 64.4mm. Width and thickness at centre 5 and 4mm. Weight 6.39g. c.1000 - c.701 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-01T00:00:00Z,2014-05-01T23:00:00Z,,,,,,4,64.4,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Narborough,TF7411,Generated from computer mapping software,52.66877838,0.57181175,NMS-D7A737,,3907_D7A737_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/3907_D7A737_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100712.jpg
625623,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A complete copper alloy spearhead of late Bronze Age date. This spearhead fits into the final phases of the Late Bronze Age specifically that associated with the Taunton/Wilburton - Ewart Park industrial phase, circa 1200 - 800 BC. Davis (2017) dates this type, 'generic' pegged, Davis Group 11, to the Late Bronze Age, 1100 – 800 BC.



The spearhead comprises a leaf shaped blade with a chamfered edge and two circular peg holes on both sides of the socket which are positioned in the upper portion in line with the blade. The socket is conical extending into a raised oval sectioned mid-rib that extends to the tip. The blade is leaf shaped having a maximum width in the lower 1/3 of the blade. The blade is not heavily eroded and the blade facet is present in the upper blade as a clearly visible chamfered edge. The tip of the blade is slightly bent and a small crack is present.



Dimensions



Length of socket: 200mm



Internal diameter of socket: 24.3mm



External diameter of socket: 27.9mm



Depth of socket: 121.7mm



Diameter of peg wholes: 4.6mm & 3mm



Length of blade: 152.8mm



Maximum width of blade: 41.3



Weight: 141.61g



Peter Reavill (FLO, Herefordshire & Shropshire) comments that it is interesting to note the rich dark patina on one face and abrasion corrosion on the upper which suggests that it was placed below the plough soil or at the junction between the natural and the plough zone. The tip is deliberately bent - most likely in antiquity as there doesn't seem to be loss of patina on the bend - which there would be if it were more recent. This is common on spearheads from ritual areas.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Gristhorpe,TA0881,GPS (from the finder),54.21336197,-0.34538649,YORYM-3D457F,,MRB0002.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Spearhead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/MRB0002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/475096.jpg
626063,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier blade, both ends broken, one quite recently, the other in antiquity. The cutting edges are badly abraded and patination has been lost from most of both faces. There are several voids in the surface, one measuring 5 x 3 x 2mm. Length 65.5mm. Width 22.5mm. Thickness 3.8 - 4.5mm. Weight 31.51g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-01-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,31.51,,,4.5,65.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Swainsthorpe,TG2100,Generated from computer mapping software,52.55294735,1.25844449,NMS-57F9F0,,55488_57F9F0_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age rapier blade,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/55488_57F9F0_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155071.jpg
626838,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2150,-800,"Copper alloy awl/point that is a long thin rod that has an expanded waist one quarter down its length, from here either side tapers to a point.  The shorter side (form the expansion) is 22mm long and has a rectangular cross section that narrows to a flat terminal, this side may have been used as a tang and could have been inserted into a socket. The longer side is 38mm long and has a circular cross-section and terminaltes in a fine point that is slightly bent. Date 2150 BC - 800 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-04-18T23:00:00Z,2014-04-18T23:00:00Z,,,3.96,,,3.5,60,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Highnam,SO8019,From finder,51.86921261,-2.2918821,GLO-C0DF4C,,GLOC0DF4C.jpg,GLO-C0DF4C Bronze Age Awl,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOC0DF4C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/475852.jpg
626851,Ingot,Bronze Age,,,-1000,-800,"A Late Bronze Age copper plano-convex ingot edge fragment. This fragment of ingot is sub rectangular in plan, with one distinctly curved edge, and is sub triangular in section. When complete the ingot would have been 'bun-shaped', having a domed upper surface and a flat lower surface. The surfaces of the ingot are abraded and pitted. Copper ingot fragments are common in hoards of the Ewart Park phase of the late Bronze Age c.1000-800 BC



The fragment is 21.1mm long, 25.9mm wide, 11.6mm thick and weighs 29.4 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.4,,,11.6,21.1,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Shepway,Newchurch,TR0531,Centred on parish,51.04176996,0.92292255,KENT-C14834,,KENT-C14834.jpg,KENT-C14834: Fragment of Bronze Age ingot,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENT-C14834.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/475813.jpg
627973,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A probable Middle Bronze Age copper alloy Palstave axehead of Schmidt and Burgess 'unclassified low-flanged palstave' type with broad blade (group III) and (probably) without side loop, belonging to the Taunton phase of metalworking and corresponding to Needham's period 5, 1500-1150 BC. The axehead is incomplete and badly corroded, found with two smaller pieces of copper which have possibly been broken off the axehead. The main body of the axehead has been broken diagonally across the butt end, just above the stop ridge, and across the blade, above the cutting edge.

The surviving blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with slightly convex expanding sides. The casting flash apparent on one side has not been worn down.

The surface is very badly corroded and is now a bright green colour with some patches of orange-brown. The corrosion covers all of the axehead and seems to have formed in layers.

The axehead measures 98.14mm in length. At the widest point, across the blade, it measures 32.09mm and at the thickest it measures 27.21mm. It weighs 170g.

The first piece of copper alloy is 24.98mm in length, 15.36mm wide and 8.45mm thick. It weighs 6.17g. The second piece is 22.87mm long, 10.40g wide and 5.83mm thick. It weighs 2.76g.



The palstave was found in close proximity to HAMP-996311 and is therefore to be considered as potential Treasure under the Treasure Act 1996.


References:



Schmidt P.K. and Burgess C.B., 1981, The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Munich, plate 61, no.839.



Needham, S., 1996 Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, 67.",,3,Copper,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2014-07-04T23:00:00Z,2014-07-04T23:00:00Z,2014T503,,170,,,27.21,98.14,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Durley,SU5215,Generated from computer mapping software,50.93211327,-1.26140689,HAMP-652028,,HAMP-652028.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-652028.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/478031.jpg
628395,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"This is a complete and small penannular ring (or 'hair-ring') decorated with gold foil and a silvery gold inlayed strip. It appears that the gold foil was wrapped around a copper core, and around this, in continuous spiral fashion a silvery gold strip was inlayed, to provide a striped colour effect. The stripes are wide, with four silvery gold inlayed stripes and five gold foil stripes evident around the ring. The terminals are flat-ended and not expanded, 1.3mm apart on the interior side and 2.7mm apart on the exterior side. Careful examination of the terminals shows the folded over gold foil, slightly detaching from the core beneath. In addition, a small piece of gold foil has also slightly detached from the interior surface, opposite the terminals. Slight compression tension lines, at right angles to the ring in plan, are evident in the surface on the interior face, suggesting that the ring may have been formed after the gold foil had been applied to a straight circular-sectioned copper rod. On one outer surface, there is an area of damage (6mm long by 3mm wide), where the gold foil and silvery gold strip are missing, revealing the exposed green copper core beneath. The surface of the silvery gold strip is noticeably more pitted than the gold foil. There are small nicks and scratches over the whole surface of the ring.","Discussion (by Adam Gwilt)



This penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange. Relatively few examples have been dated through associated finds, archaeological investigation or radiocarbon dating, however burials in Belgium, northeast France and The Netherlands and secondly, Scottish and Irish hoard associations, have suggested a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800BC (e.g. Eogan 1997). However, in recent years, the evidence for their earlier currency has been growing. A number of simple 'hair-rings' of solid gold rod construction have been found within a gold hoard near Cirencester (Needham 2007, 26-33, Figs. 17.3-4). These were directly associated with twisted torc and bracelet fragments also belonging to the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age. In Ireland, 'hair-rings' have been discovered at excavated sites at Rathgall, Co. Wicklow and Ballypriorbeg, Co. Tyrone have also recently been radiocarbon dated to 1290-1040 cal BC and 1373-1019 cal BC respectively (Dunne 2003; Suddaby 2003, 82-4, 88; Raftery 2004, 87-8 ). Therefore, on current evidence, the penannular ring may be dated to the Middle or Late Bronze Age (1300-800BC).



'Hair-rings' are discovered in significant numbers across Ireland and England, with approaching 130 known in Ireland (Raftery 2004, 87) and approaching 100 known in England, 40 new examples of which have been reported over the past ten years alone, usually by metal detectorists (O'Connor et al 2008; DCMS 2008, 21-2, Nos. 17-25; British Museum 2009, 50, Nos. 44-7). A significant scatter is known, especially from burials across Belgium, northeast France and The Netherlands (Eluère 1982, 52-3; Eogan 1997) with a small but growing number also from Scotland (O'Connor et al 2008). This is the sixth known example from Wales, with examples known from Brynmill and Port Eynon, Swansea, 'Carmarthenshire', Ty Mawr, Anglesey and Graianog, Gwynedd (Gwilt 2000; 2004; 2009; Gwilt et al 2005, 40, Fig. 5, Nos. 2, 14 & 15).



The complex technology and compositions of a range of penannular rings within the British Museum collections has recently been studied in a systematic and considered manner (Meeks et al 2008). The St. Donats discovery appears to be most similar to their striped Group 3 examples, where silvery gold wire has been inlaid circumferentially into a gold core or gold foil. It most closely correlates with their Group 3d rings, defined as being gold foil plated copper alloy rings with silvery gold wire inlaid into the gold foil (Meeks et al 2008, 20 & Fig. 1x). However, closer comparison of the characteristics exhibited by examples from Wales (St. Donats, Port Eynon, Brynmill and Graianog) suggests further variations, not entirely captured within the British Museum study sample. For example, the St. Donats and Port Eynon examples appear to have wider stripes and copper cores, rather than the narrow stripes and copper alloy cores of the closest British Museum parallels. The three penannular rings from south Wales (St. Donats, Port Eynon and Brynmill) appear to be closely similar in size and construction. All are small with diameters of 15.5-17.1mm, with gold foil over copper cores and similar weights of 6.85-7.31g. By comparison, the Graianog example, though striped, is slightly larger at 17-19mm diameter, thicker and appreciably heavier at 11.22g, while the gold foil is over a bronze rather than copper core. At the time of the reporting of the Port Eynon penannular ring, in 1999, analytical testing led to an interpretation of an electrum plated copper core, with a gold tape or foil wound spirally around the ring to give the striped effect (Northover unpublished; Gwilt 2000). The recent British Museum study is instead suggesting that strips of silvery gold were inlaid around a gold core or alternatively a base metal core covered in gold foil. Further consideration and analysis will be required, before the precise technique for the decoration on the St. Donats example can be absolutely confirmed.



A search of the Heritage Environment Record for the locality did not reveal any known archaeological sites or contemporary artefacts finds within the field where the find was made. However, an Early Bronze Age cemetery is known at Somerset Farm Northwest, a few hundred metres from the find spot (PRN Nos. 00412s; 00413s; 03824s). An undated, but probably Medieval to post-Medieval holy well with two foci (PRN Nos. 03720s; 03721s) and linked to a watercourse and nearby Medieval chapel (PRN 00422s) is also known within a few hundred metres of the find. An undated burial is also known to have been found in the vicinity of the chapel in 1861 (PRN No. 00414s). While not directly contemporary with the penannular ring, an earlier burial focus could possibly have influenced the location of this find and burial context. Though the holy well is much later in date, the spring head and watercourse could also have been a significant landscape location during the Middle to Late Bronze Age.



References



British Museum (2009) Portable Antiquities and Treasure Annual Report 2007, London: British Museum.



DCMS (2002) The Treasure Act, Code of Practice (Revised) England & Wales, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



DCMS (2007) Treasure Annual Report 2004, London: Department for Culture Media and Sport.



DCMS (2008) Treasure Annual Report 2005/6, London: Department for Culture Media and Sport.



Dunne, C.M. (2003) The Hair-Ring, In I. Suddaby, 2003, 78-9.



Eluère, C. (1982) Les Ors Préhistoriques, L'âge du bronze en France - 2, Paris: Picard.



Eogan, G. (1994) The Accomplished Art; Gold and Gold-working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c. 2300-650 BC), Oxford: Oxbow Monograph 42.



Eogan, G. (1997) 'Hair-rings' and European Late Bronze Age Society, Antiquity, 71, 308-20.



Green, H.S. (1988) A Find of Bronze Age 'Ring Money' from Graianog, Llanllyfni, Gwynedd, Bulletin if the Board of Celtic Studies, 35, 87-91.



Green, H.S. (1988) A Find of Bronze Age 'Ring Money' from Graianog, Llanllyfni, Gwynedd, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 35(1), 87-91.



Gwilt, A. (2000) 13. Port Eynon, Swansea: Bronze Age penannular 'hair ring' of gold, electrum and copper, In DCMS, Treasure Annual Report 1998-1999, London: DCMS, 14-5 & Fig. 13..



Gwilt, A. (2004) 3A. Brynmill, Swansea, Wales: Late Bronze Age gold-covered penannular ring (NMGW 2002.1), In DCMS, Treasure Annual Report 2002, London: DCMS, 18 & Fig. 3A.



Gwilt, A. (2009) 40. Trearddur, Isle of Anglesey: gold penannular ring (PAS: NMGW- 9AC224; Treasure: Wales 07.23), In British Museum, 2009, 48 & 305.



Gwilt, A. Kucharski, K, Silvester, R. & Davis, M. (2005) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevalyn Farm, Rossett, Wrexham, Studia Celtica, 39, 27-61.



Hobbs, R. (2003) Treasure: Finding our past, London: The British Museum Press.



Meeks, N.D., Craddock, P. & Needham, S.P. (2008) Bronze Age Penannular Gold Rings from the British Isles: Technology and Composition, Jewellery Studies 11, 13-30.



Needham, S.P. (2007) 17. Cirencester area, Glouceastershire: Bronze Age gold and base- metal scatter (2004 T416), In DCMS 2007, 26-33 & Figs. 17.1-6.



Northover, J.P. (1999) Analysis of a Piece of Ring-Money from Port Eynon, unpublished commissioned report.



O'Connor, B., Cowie, T. & Worrell, S. (2008) Ring money: dernières nouvelles d,outré- manche, Bulletin de l'Association pour la Promotion des Reserches sur l'Age du Bronze 5, 12-13.



Raftery, B. (2004) Pit 119: Rathgall, Co. Wicklow, In H. Roche et al, 2004, 83-90.



Roche, H., Grogan, E. Bradley, J. Coles, J. & Raftery, B. (2004) From Megaliths to Metals; Essays in Honour of George Eogan, Oxford: Oxbow.



Suddaby, I. (2003) The Excavation of Two Late Bronze Age Roundhouses at Ballyprior Beg, Island Magee, County Antrim, Ulster Journal of Archaeology 62, 45-91.



Taylor, JJ. (1980) Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.



Varndell, G. (2001) Ringing the changes: when terminology matters, Antiquity 75, 515-6.",3,Gold,Copper,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2012-01-20T00:00:00Z,,2012TW4,,6.91,,16,5,,1,Steve Sell,Adam Gwilt,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,St. Donats,SS9369,,51.40989437,-3.53985657,NMGW-928F55,,DH006009_03.jpg,Bronze Age penannular ring,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH006009_03.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/477231.jpg
628420,Votive Model,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-500,"A complete Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age copper alloy Votive Model of a miniature wheel dated to c. 1000-500 BC. The wheel is circular in plan with a trapezoidal shaped 'axel' from which four spokes radiate before joining the outer rim. The rim of the wheel and the spokes are rectangular in cross section. There is a circular perforation in the centre of the axle which appears to have been drilled. The upper surface of the model is covered with striations in one direction which appear to have been creating by an abrasive surface. The reverse of the modle is not decorated.



The model is 21.8mm in diameter, 1.9mm thick and weighs 2.50 grams.



On the record for HESH-C53CF4, which is very similar to this example, Peter Reavill writes:



""This form of artefact is relatively rare and the PAS has only recorded one other example from Thimbleby, Lincolnshire (DENO-0BBA52). Images of this artefact were sent to Dr Adam Gwilt at NGMW, Cardiff. Dr Gwilt suggested that similar comparable artefacts had been recorded in the late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age assemblage from the votive site at Flag Fen, Peterborough, amongst the Iron Age Salisbury hoard, and also the Hounslow Hoard. """,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.5,,21.8,1.9,,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,,Kent,Maidstone,Hollingbourne,TQ8154,From finder,51.25643186,0.59251983,KENT-9348EE,,KENT-9348EE.jpg,KENT-9348EE: Late Bronze Age votive model wheel,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENT-9348EE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/477257.jpg
628479,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"A Late Bronze Age hoard comprising eleven objects:



1. South Wales Type ribbed socketed axe 



Dimensions: length 98.1mm; blade width 56.1mm; external mouth dimensions 50.1 by 39.6mm; internal mouth dimensions 32.1 by 25.6mm; depth of socket approx. 64mm; width body below loop 36.7mm; dimensions projecting runner stubs (1) 7.9 by 2.3mm; height 0.5mm; (2) 8.6 by2.8mm; height 0.1mm; (3) 7.7 by 2.6mm; height 0.1mm; dimensions negative runner scar (4) 6.4 by 2.7mm; weight 270.0g



A complete bronze socketed axe with a prominent out-splayed mouth moulding and a rectangular shaped body in cross-section. The axe has slightly concave and slightly divergent sides with splaying of the blade edge. The loop is high and narrow, descending from the mouth moulding. The axe has a four-runner casting technology, the runners spaced approximately 90 degrees apart, although slightly offset, rather than centrally placed along each side. Three of the runners are projecting stubs, while the other is visible as a negative scar. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are oval in plan. Three longitudinal, prominent and convergent ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face. On the outer non-loop side there is a slight mismatch in the mould pairing, one side of the mould slightly wider than the other. The casting seams are prominent but blunt, suggesting rapid hammering of the excess after casting. Striations parallel with the curved blade edge indicate it was sharpened for use. Patches of blue corrosion products on both faces suggest that the axe may have been burnt immediately before burial. The axe has large areas of black patination on the upper surfaces, while the blade end and bevel has a grey-green patination



2. South Wales Type ribbed socketed axe



Dimensions: length 101.5mm; blade width 55.8mm; external mouth dimensions 51.0 by 41.5mm; internal mouth dimensions 33.9 by 28.5mm; depth of socket approx. 74mm; width body below loop 38.9mm; dimensions projecting runner stubs (1) 8.4 by 4.7mm; height 0.3mm; (2) 7.8 by 4.3mm; height 0.2mm; (3) 9.3 by 4.9mm; height 3.0mm; (4) 10.5 by 4.0mm; height 1.5mm; weight 314.6g.



A complete bronze socketed axe with a prominent and out-splayed mouth moulding and a rectangular shaped body in cross-section. The axe has straight and slightly divergent sides with pronounced splaying and recurving of the blade edge. The loop is high and narrow, descending from the mouth moulding. The axe has a four-runner casting technology, the runners approximately 90 degrees apart. All four runners are projecting stubs. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are oval in plan. Three longitudinal and slightly convergent ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face and the face sides are defined and angular. The ribs are not continuous or well defined, suggesting the axe was cast in a re-used stone mould. The casting seams are prominent but blunt, suggesting rapid hammering of the excess after casting. There is a slight casting flaw, indicated by a projecting linear ridge extending from the underside of the loop on the side surface of the axe. Hammer facets are visible on the upper blade bevel, while striations parallel with the markedly curved blade edge, indicating that the axe was prepared and sharpened for use. On the upper blade surfaces, the axe has a black patination, while at the blade end, the axe has a grey-green patination, with an area of bronze metal showing through on one blade bevel. A small organic sample, possibly remnant wood, was retrieved from the socket of the axe, when the soil was removed from the axe's socket in the archaeological conservation laboratory (MD).



3. South Wales Type ribbed socketed axe (found associated with blade fragment 9)



Dimensions: length 105.1mm; blade width 53.1mm; external mouth dimensions 54.6 by 45.5mm; internal mouth dimensions 36.0 by 32.2mm; depth of socket approx. 75mm; width body below loop 41.3mm; dimensions of projecting runner stubs (1) 9.3 by 3.7mm; height 1.0mm; (2) 7.8 by 2.9mm; height 0.1mm; weight 311.0g.



A complete bronze socketed axe with damage and splitting of the mouth and down the non loop side, with further slight cracking on the mouth. The axe has a prominent mouth moulding and a rectangular shaped body in cross-section. The axe has near straight and slightly divergent sides with little splaying at the blade end. The loop is high and narrow, descending from the mouth moulding. Two projecting runner stubs are visible at 90 degree angles from each other, suggesting the axe had a four runner casting technology, even though two of the runners are no longer visible. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are sub-rectangular in plan. Three longitudinal and slightly convergent ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face. The ribs are discontinuous on one face, suggesting the axe was cast in a re-used stone mould. The casting seams are prominent but blunt, suggesting rapid hammering of the excess after casting. Some mismatching of the mould halves is evident, with the sides of the loop misaligned and also a misalignment down the non-loop side of the axe, making one side stand proud of the other. In two places immediately below the mouth moulding, and in one place on an upper face, there are small holes in the axe wall, indicating further casting imperfections. Hammer facets are visible on the upper blade bevel on one side, while striations on both sides parallel with the blade edge indicate that the axe was sharpened for use. The axe has a grey-green patination, except on the blade bevels which have a lighter green patination.



4. South Wales Variant Type ribbed socketed axe



Dimensions: length 93.7mm; surviving blade width 40.2mm; external mouth dimensions 39.8 by 31.2mm; internal mouth dimensions 27.5 by 20.5mm; depth of socket approx. 67mm; width body below loop 32.1mm; weight 223.1g.



A near complete slender, bronze socketed axe, with damage to part of the blade edge. The axe has a deep mouth moulding, verging on a collar, and a sub-rectangular cross-section. The axe has near straight but slightly divergent sides with only very slight splaying at the blade end. The loop is narrow, but low, descending from the underside of the mouth moulding. There are no runner stubs or scars around the mouth. Small amounts of projecting excess metal are found around the inner rim of the mouth and at the joining points between the outer mould pairing. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are sub-rectangular in plan. Three longitudinal and parallel ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face. These are prominent and well-defined. The casting seams are narrow, projecting and blunt, suggesting rapid hammering of the excess after casting. The surfaces have a few small vesicles or hollows on upper faces, slight surface casting imperfections. There are striations on the blade bevels running parallel with the blade edge, indicating that the axe was sharpened for use. The axe has a grey green patination, with bronze metal showing though on one lower face, blade bevels and on the ribs. A small organic sample, possibly remnant wood, was retrieved from the socket of the axe, when the soil was removed from the axe's socket in the archaeological conservation laboratory (MD).



5. Croxton Type ribbed socketed axe (fragment 11 is wedged in the axe socket)



Dimensions: surviving length 103.7mm; blade width 54.9mm; external mouth dimensions 48.2 by 41.2mm; internal mouth dimensions 32.8 by 28.3mm; depth of socket approx. 76mm; width body below loop 41.5mm; combined weight (with fragment 11) 303.2g.



A near complete bronze socketed axe, with a damaged blade edge. The axe has a deep and near flat, onset collar, with no marked flaring of the mouth. The axe is oval in cross section with rounded face edges. The axe has straight and slightly divergent sides, before flaring outwards at the deep blade bevel, though without any recurving of the blade edge. The loop is relatively wide and placed low, descending from the underside of the deep collar. Projecting, but possibly filed down, metal excess is found around the inner rim of the mouth and at the joining points between the mould halves. There are no runner stubs or scars around the mouth. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are oval in plan. Three longitudinal and near parallel ribs descend from the underside of the collar. The casting seams are prominent but blunted, suggesting hammering or partial filing of the excess after casting. There are small vesicles in the surface on one face and on one side of the mouth rim of the axe, which are slight surface casting imperfections. On one face, hammer marks are visible on the upper blade bevel. Striations parallel to the blade edge indicate that this axe was sharpened for use. The axe has a light grey green patination on one side, grading to a darker grey green on the other. Immediately beneath the onset collar, on one face, is a small patch of blue surface corrosion product, suggesting that the axe may have been burnt immediately before burial. At the base of the socket of the axe, is wedged a mouth fragment of another socketed axe (number 11, below), preventing an accurate weight for this complete axe to be established.



6. Croxton Type ribbed socketed axe (fragment 10 is wedged in the axe socket)



Dimensions: length 116.8mm; blade width 51.5mm; external mouth dimensions 45.4 by 38.5mm; internal mouth dimensions 34.6 by 28.1mm; depth of socket approx. 73mm; width body below loop 40.3mm; dimensions of projecting runner stub 10.9 by 3.4mm, height 1mm; combined weight (with fragment 10) 434.2g.



A complete slender and heavy bronze socketed axe with slight damage to one side of the blade edge. The axe has a deep but ill-defined collar, with no marked flaring at the mouth. The axe is sub-rectangular to hexagonal in cross-section with rounded face edges. There is slight angling and narrowing from the side casting-seams to the face edges, giving a slightly hexagonal cross-section to the axe. The axe has slightly concave sides, diverging and flaring slightly towards the blade end. Although there is no marked recurving of the blade edge, the blade bevel flares outward slightly. The loop is relatively wide and placed low, descending from the underside of the deep but ill-defined collar. Around the inner rim of the mouth and at the joining points between the mould halves, there is slight excess projecting metal, which does not look to have been filed or hammered down. A distinct widening of excess metal on an inner face may indicate the location of a single visible runner stub. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are sub-rectangular in form. Three longitudinal ribs descend down both faces of the axe. Unusually, the ribs project above the collar edge and into the lower collar zone, rather than emerging from the underside of the collar. On one face the three ribs are slightly convergent down the blade face, but on the other face there is a convex form with 'bulging' outwards in the middle areas of the ribs. The casting seams are prominent but blunted, suggesting rapid hammering of the excess after casting. Hammer marks and longitudinal striations are visible on the upper blade surfaces, while the blade bevels have striations parallel with the blade edge, indicating that the blade was prepared and sharpened for use. On one face edge, on the non-loop side, there are repeated blunt dent marks 2-3mm long and 10.5-1mm wide, in parallel sequence and at right angles to the side of the axe. A few further and similar dent marks are visible cross-cutting through the descending ribs on the same axe face. The axe has a dark grey patination on the mouth and upper end, while bronze metal is revealed over most areas of the lower and blade end. At the base of the socket of the axe, is wedged a side and face fragment from a mid-section of another socketed axe (number 10 below), preventing an accurate weight for this complete axe to be established.



7. Breiddin Type (Southern English ribbed - Class B4 / Welby Type) ribbed socketed axe



Dimensions: length 84.6mm; blade width 45.4mm; external mouth dimensions 39.5 by 37.2mm; internal mouth dimensions 28.2 by25.5mm; depth of socket approx. 67mm; width body below loop 30.1mm; weight 168.4g.



A complete small and slender bronze socketed axe with a swollen and everted mouth moulding and a rectangular shaped cross-section. The sides of the axe are straight but divergent with significant widening and recurving at the blade end. The loop is wide and low placed, descending from a lower horizontal moulding. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are sub-rectangular in form and the mouth is almost as deep as it is wide. The rim of the mouth is rounded and worn, with no clear runner stubs identifiable. Three longitudinal ribs descend from the underside of the mouth moulding, around one third of the length of each face. The ribs, like the mouth moulding are poorly defined and are narrowly spaced. On one face the ribs are parallel, while on the other, they are slightly divergent. The casting seams, though visible, appear to have been carefully and neatly hammered or filed down. On the loop side, around the upper point of insertion of the loop, there is a curving hole in the axe wall, around 13-14mm long and 3-4mm wide, indicating a casting flaw. The upper blade bevel has been heavily hammered, with hammer marks creating marked flattening and tapering. Striations both parallel with the blade edge and at right angles to the blade indicate that the axe was sharpened for use. The blade edge is markedly deep and curved, with slight damage on the loop side. The blade edge is asymmetric in shape, with lower and more pronounced recurving on the loop side, suggesting long-usage and repeated re-working and sharpening of the blade. Overall, the axe has a grey green patination, although on the upper blade and mouth end, there are patches of black patination, while on the blade bevel, the patina is light grey-green. On one face and the loop side are areas of green and dark blue concretions, suggesting that the axe may have been burnt immediately before burial.



8. Late Palstave of Type Isleham -ribbed form



Dimensions: surviving length 145.2mm; surviving blade width 37.8mm; surviving blade length approx. 82mm; surviving length of butt to stop approx. 59mm; width of butt at break 21.8mm; body width below loop 22.0mm; maximum thickness at stop 32.1mm; stop heights (1) approx.11mm; (2) approx. 10mm; surviving weight 354.7g.



A near complete, slender bronze palstave with a narrow blade. The palstave has a broken butt end and damage to the blade edge. The palstave widens very slightly from the butt end towards the stop, with a nipped-in waist under the stop. The blade sides are slightly concave and divergent, with slight flaring at the blade edge but no recurving of the blade evident. The stop is sub-rectangular and high, projecting in exaggerated fashion at near right angles to the axis in side view. On one face, there is a slight casting flaw where the stop does not project to full height. This shows as a central 'stepped shallowing' of the stop along a 10mm length, and by approximately 2-3mm in height. The flanges are convex in shape, meeting the septum approximately 17mm from the broken butt end. Descending from the stop on each face are three longitudinal and parallel ribs. These are short, extending only 20-22mm down the upper blade faces. Unusually, on each septum surface, there are also two longitudinal and parallel ribs, running parallel with the long axis. These extend from the stop approximately 43mm on one face, and approximately 31mm on the other, before being concealed by a corrosion patch. The casting flashes appear to have been carefully trimmed. Along each side, at the blade end, and below the waisting, slight faceting is visible either side of the central casting seam, 2.5-3.5mm from, and running parallel with the face edges. The loop is broad, one arm above and the other below the level of the stop. Four facets have been shaped onto this, parallel with the loop axis, giving a wide central face, with one wide, then one narrow facet to either side. There are striations running parallel to the blade edges, indicating that the palstave was sharpened for use. The palstave has a dark grey green patina over most areas, with a light grey-green blade bevel and small areas of light green corrosion on the stop, flange and butt end. On one upper blade face and septum, there are areas of green and dark blue concretion, suggesting that the palstave may have been burnt immediately before burial. The break on the butt of the palstave is not corroded but appears evenly covered with soil, suggesting the damage does not relate to the removal of the object from the ground, but may have occurred when a plough clipped the top of the implement at some time during the post-medieval period.



9. Socketed axe blade fragment - not diagnostic (associated with socketed axe 3)



Dimensions: surviving length 42.0mm; blade width 54.8mm; width at break 49.6mm; thickness at break 15.1mm; distance base of socket to blade edge 29.5mm; surviving depth of socket 12.5mm; surviving weight 109.5g.



Blade end fragment of a bronze socketed axe. The sides of the axe are divergent, with almost no flaring at the blade end and no recurving of the blade evident. The axes appears to have had a rectangular cross-section. The casting seams are prominent but blunted, suggesting rapid hammering of the excess after casting. There are striations, both parallel and at right angles to the blade edge, visible on the blade bevel suggesting it was sharpened for use. Slight indentations on the faces near to the break may be casting imperfections. The blade fragment has a grey patination, with areas of bronze showing through in places. Near the break and in the socket interior there are green corrosion patches, while on one face there are patches of dark blue corrosion, suggesting that this fragment may have been burnt immediately before burial.



10. Socketed axe side and mid blade face fragment - not diagnostic (wedged inside socketed axe number 6)



Dimensions: surviving length approximately 32mm; surviving thickness approx. 13mm; surviving width - less than 51mm; combined weight (with axe 6) 434.2g.



Side and face fragment from the mid section of a bronze socketed axe, securely wedged inside the socket of axe 6. The axe appears to have had a rectangular cross-section. The casting seam is prominent but blunted, suggesting rapid hammering of the excess after casting. It is not possible to determine whether the axe was plain or ribbed. The axe has a dark grey patination, with bronze showing on the casting seam and face edge.



11. Socketed axe mouth fragment - not diagnostic (wedged inside socketed axe number 5)



Dimensions: surviving length - less than 46mm; surviving width at mouth approx 23mm; surviving thickness at mouth approx. 13mm; combined weight (with axe 5) 303.2g.



Mouth, upper face and side fragment from a bronze socketed axe, securely wedged inside the socket of axe 5. The exterior outline of the mouth appears sub-rectangular, while the interior outline appears oval in shape. No runner stubs and no excess metal are visible on the surviving rim surface. It is not possible to determine whether the axe was plain or ribbed. The axe has a dark grey surface patination.",,3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2012-03-31T23:00:00Z,,2012TW7,,,,,,,11,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Colwinston,SS9375,GPS (From FLO),51.4638242,-3.54167165,NMGW-CD2C58,,Colwinston.jpg,Late Bronze Age Hoard,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/Colwinston.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/477321.jpg
628511,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2150,410,"Miniature axe or axe-chisel of Bronze age to Roman date (2150 BC- 410 AD). The object is similar to solid flat axes with a tapering blade, resembling a miniature version of the earliest and simplest solid cast copper alloy axe-heads. The sides are slightly curved and the blades cutting edge has suffered heavy corrosion. 



The object has a heavily pitted patina.



The broad date range has been given due to the form of the object most closely resembling early Bronze age axe heads, however there are numerous examples of Roman votive deposition of such minature axe heads.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.3,,,5.33,59.01,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Thormanby,SE4875,From finder,54.16856101,-1.26626827,YORYM-CE8933,,YORYM-CE8933.jpg,Miniature Axe Head ,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellie/YORYM-CE8933.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/477343.jpg
628788,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-950,-750,"A fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, consisting of the cutting edge only and broken just above the start of the socket. It measures 33.54mm in length, 51.46mm in max.width, 11.42mm in max.thickness and weighs 60.51g.

The cutting edge is expanded and relatively undamaged, with just some patination-loss at the very edge. The casting flash is not visible, and the side are faceted, giving an eight-sided cross-section at the break.

The patina is a shiny dark green in colour with fine scratches across the surface, some apparently recent damage and showing a silvery surface beneath.

The depth of the socket at the break is 2.14mm and the break measures 35.29x11.42mm. In profile, the fragment is triangular in shape.

The socketed axehead probably belongs to the Late Bronze Age Ewart Park phase of metalworking, c.950-750 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,60.51,,,11.42,33.54,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Droxford,SU5818,GPS (from the finder),50.95851646,-1.17555844,HAMP-E416A3,,HAMP-E416A3.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-E416A3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/477496.jpg
628877,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy spearhead of Middle-Late Bronze Age date, c. 1500-800 BC.



The spearhead is largely complete, with a blade indicating a long uselife and a complete socket with only minor chipping around the edge. The entire head has been cast integral, with a conical socket retaining lozenge-shaped sideloops near the base of the socket. No flashmarks are visible.



The blade was originally 'leaf-shaped', with angular shoulders, but the blades on each side of the head have been repeatedly sharpened over the course of its life, reducing the size of the blade considerably. The socket extends into the base of the blade, with a well-defined rib emerging from the socket and running the length of the blade, with the rib also having been filed with the edges as the blade became reduced in size. The lower blade, near each shoulder probably also appears to have been resharpened.



The surface has an even brown patina with patches of orange corrosion, and occassional small pits of green corrosion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-11-26T00:00:00Z,2014-02-25T00:00:00Z,,,82.6,,18.25,2.18,105.18,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Whittington,NY9970,Generated from computer mapping software,55.0245348,-2.0171758,NCL-E6C2CE,,NCL-E6C2CE.JPG,NCL-E6C2CE: Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-E6C2CE.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/477572.jpg
629727,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1300,-1000,"A fragment of a spear of late middle to early late Bronze Age date, c1300 - 1000BC. The fragment comes from near the tip; the tip itself is missing and this appears to be a recent break. Both blades remain sharp and the fragment is in very good condition. The section through the broken socket shows an off-centre casting which is very thin on one side..",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-12T23:00:00Z,,,,18.28,,,,31.41,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,,Surrey,Mole Valley,Brockham,TQ1950,From finder,51.23678189,-0.29679688,-SUR 635961.00,,14-822.JPG,Bronze Age: Spearhead fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/14-822.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/478339.jpg
630898,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"The lower part of a Middle Bronze Age Primary / Early Palstave - probably Group II dated c. 1500-1300 BC.



The axe is very worn with no original surfaces surviving. Only the lower part survives, the break comes just below the stop ridge. There is shallow central rib but any side flanges are very slight or non-existent.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,142,,,16.51,70.05,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Surrey Heath,Chobham,SU9663,From finder,51.3579703,-0.62264815,SUR-F7F0A9,,14-887a.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/14-887a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/479396.jpg
631207,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"
A small fragment comprising the tip of a probable spear, of Bronze Age date. The fragment is truncated at both ends and the extremites of the blade edge have been eroded away.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-12-06T00:00:00Z,,,,7.67,,,4.18,30.92,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU2735,From finder,51.11366056,-1.61566369,SUR-236D08,,14-900.JPG,Bronze Age: Spearhead fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/14-900.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/479582.jpg
631604,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"A group of Late Bronze Age copper alloy ingots, containing one complete plano-convex or 'bun' shaped ingot, four fragments of plano-convex ingot and two fragments of probable ingot, rectangular in cross-section. All have surfaces pitted, rough and corroding. One fragment has had a recent section cut on one edge.



1) 1338g, plano-convex ingot, measuring c.111mm in diameter and 35.95mm in max.height.



2) 346g, incomplete plano-convex ingot, just less than half surviving. Measures 89.32mm in length, 53.08mm in width and 26.99mm in height. Original diameter c.90mm.



3) 294g, fragment of plano-convex ingot, original diameter uncertain. Measures 69.15x37.22x32.14mm. Recent slice removal gives smooth flat surface.



4) 274g, fragment of plano-convex ingot, original diameter uncertain. Measures 63.80x59.62x33.03mm.



5) 226g, fragment of plano-convex ingot, original diameter uncertain. Measures 75.49x51.32x30.15mm.



6) 542g, fragment oval in cross-section (82.23x32.01mm), measuring 82.23x66.53x32.01mm.



7) 280g, fragment with rectangular cross-section, measuring 56.33x42.24x37.64mm.","Ingots are found complete and in fragments in hoards of Late Bronze Age date (c.1150-800 BC), particularly in so-called 'Founder's' hoards which typically also contain items of scrap metalwork. This hoard was discovered c.30 years ago and as such does not constitute potential Treasure under the Treasure Act 1996 (Designation Order 2002).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1984-01-01T00:00:00Z,1984-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,7,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,London,Greater London Authority,Havering,Harold Wood,TQ5590,Generated from computer mapping software,51.58753933,0.23597614,HAMP-7B88A2,,HAMP-7B88A2.jpg,Late Bronze Age ingot,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP-7B88A2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/480153.jpg
631761,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy chisel or awl of Bronze Age date. The tang is square in section and tapers in both width and thickness to a rounded point. At the widest part of the tang there is an integral stop ridge which is broken and heavily worn though appears to have been rectangular in plan. The tang protrudes from the centre of one face of the stop ridge, and the blade protrudes from the centre of the other face. The blade is rectangular in section at the junction of the stop ridge, but tapers in width and thickness a shot distance to an extremely worn break.



The metal is abraded with a mid to light green patina. The object is 82.6mm long, 16.1mm wide at the stop ridge, 9.5mm thick and weighs 14.9g.



A similar though complete example has been recorded on the PAS database as: WAW-EF4C84.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.9,,,9.5,82.6,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Berwick St. James,SU0440,From a paper map,51.1592382,-1.94418073,YORYM-8CDEB3,,PMY0001.jpg,Bronze Age : Chisel,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/PMY0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/481576.jpg
632284,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead. Broken across the base of the socket, flaring slightly for the slightly curved blade, the cutting edge damaged and missing. The breaks are all corroded and mostly worn, with the break on one side of the body appearing crisper and more recent than the rest. Width 45mm. Maximum thickness 11mm. Width at break 39mm. Surviving length 22mm. Weight 24.0g. 1000 - 701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-20T00:00:00Z,2013-12-20T00:00:00Z,,,24,,,11,22,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Tivetshall St. Margaret,TM1788,Centred on field,52.44684405,1.19172585,NMS-C74D44,,59724_C74D44_LBA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59724_C74D44_LBA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/480689.jpg
632291,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of copper alloy blade, probably a Middle Bronze Age rapier. Shallow convex face on both sides with no original edge surviving. The edge of possible bevelling for the cutting edge is visible in places. Breaks old and corroded. Surviving length 42mm. Surviving width 17mm. Maximum thickness 4mm. Weight 12.9g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-20T00:00:00Z,2013-12-20T00:00:00Z,,,12.9,,,4,42,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Tivetshall St. Margaret,TM1788,Centred on field,52.44684405,1.19172585,NMS-C7B040,,59724_C7B040_MBA_Rapier.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59724_C7B040_MBA_Rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/480690.jpg
632319,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-600,"Fragment of a late Bronze Age copper alloy sword of Ewart Park-type (circa 1000-800 BC). The fragment comprises most of the handle. It has marginal ribs running down its edges and two circular perforations. One is filled with iron corrosion. This suggests that this fragment might be dated to the cusp between the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age (c. 600BC). The handle has an expanded, flared terminal, which tapers to a convex-sided grip. The blade-end of the handle is incomplete, but the 'break' is very neat and linear, and possibly suggests that it was intentionally cut in antiquity. The section of the break bears the same mid-green patina with patches of brown staining.



In section, the handle is 'H'-shaped, and when viewed from the side the lips of the 'H' widen towards the middle. The body of the handle thickens at this point also, and a circular rivet hole is located in the centre.



The surface of the object is smooth and has a mid-green patina with patches of brown staining. The sides of the flared terminal both have what appears to be a shallow ridge of casting running along the centre. The butt-end is rounded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,6,69,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Welton,SK9980,Centred on field,53.30769963,-0.51569156,LIN-C89A75,,,,,,,
633173,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A complete and corroded Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy Group II palstave (1500-1300 BC). A copper alloy palstave with single mid rib and raised flange facets. The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with slightly concave sides, and flared blade tips. On both faces of the blade there is a single mid rib which appears to continue to the mid section of the blade. The surface of the blade has traces of hammer marks forming irregular lines across the wide blade facet. The cutting edge is rounded due to abrasion, but appears to be symmetrical. The sides of the blade are concave in plan, and this curvature stops at the junction of the blade and flange side. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. Both sides of the blade have a feint trace of a casting seam. There is a prominent stop-ridge which is rectangular in plan. The flange sides are a sub triangle in profile with casting seams. One side, at the junction of the blade and stop there is an integral loop which is has a sub-lozenge section. The void is a sub semi-circle. In plan the septrum tapers slightly towards the butt, whose butt is rectangular with rounded corners. The surface of the palstave a dark brown/green patina which is incomplete and there is a patch of active corrosion at the butt on both faces. The palstave measures 148.82mm long from the blade cutting edge to the butt, 59.53mm wide from one blade tip to the other, and 32.11mm thick across the stop ridges. It weighs 337.2g.



The palstave is an early example and is classified as a Group II type which has a mid rib decoration. These group of palstaves date to the Middle Bronze Age period, and can be narrowed down to 1500-1300 BC (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/axes).



Peter Reavill comments that the palstave '...fits within Needham Period 5, Burgess Metalworking phase VIII and is likely to be part of the Acton Park II metalworking assemblage. This form is very common in the west mids and marches'.



A similar axe is illustrated in Savoury (1980), Figure 23, No. 171



Savory, H.N. 1980 Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections National Museum of Wales, Cardiff",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-01-01T00:00:00Z,2014-06-08T23:00:00Z,,,337.2,,,32.11,148.82,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Upton-upon-Severn,SO8140,From a paper map,52.05805129,-2.27852735,WAW-3A6465,,WAW-3A6465a.jpg,"Bronze Age Palstave (plan, profile, plan and profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-3A6465a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/481273.jpg
633343,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy object, probably a palstave fragment dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500-1150 BC). The fragment is sub-rectangular in shape and represents the end of the palstave, with the beginnings of the side-flanges. An old break is visible on the end that would have led to the rest of the object. It is in poor condition, with significant surface pitting and corrosion; the metal is light green in colour. The fragment measures 32.9mm long, 24.6 mm wide and 11.2mm thick and weighs 27.7 grams.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-30T23:00:00Z,,,,27.7,,,11.2,32.9,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,,East Sussex,Wealden,Chalvington with Ripe,TQ5110,GPS (from the finder),50.86978611,0.14459719,SUSS-4AE576,,SUSS-4AE576.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave Fragment,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS-4AE576.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/487005.jpg
633560,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"Part of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, South-eastern type, dating to the period c. 1000 - c. 800 BC.



Part of the rim and body survive, as does the side loop. The rim comprises a pair of horizontal ridges, separated from each other by a shallow groove. Portions of two of the body's slightly convex surfaces remain, with a near-right-angled corner between. The top of the side loop springs from the rim's lower ridge; it is of suboval section and overlies a vertical casting seam. The patination and wear of the edges suggest that the piece became detached in antiquity.



Length: 37.4mm; width: 22.8mm. Weight: 20.24g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,20.24,,,,37.4,1,Julian Watters,Julian Watters,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Cottered,TL3430,Generated from computer mapping software,51.95235557,-0.0515309,BH-74461A,,BA_axe_14_97_9.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe (fragment),St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/BA_axe_14_97_9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/481704.jpg
633607,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a copper-alloy blade from a Middle Bronze Age dirk or rapier.



The piece has been broken off at both ends (in antiquity) and is of lenticular cross section, tapering towards the bottom. The upper third has a longitudinal curve.



Length: 36.2mm; width: 16.7mm; thickness: 4.2mm. Weight: 10.61g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,10.61,,,4.2,36.2,1,Julian Watters,Julian Watters,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Standon,TL4123,Generated from computer mapping software,51.88773125,0.04739586,BH-7698C2,,BA_sword_14_47_1a.jpg,Bronze Age dirk/rapier (fragment),St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/BA_sword_14_47_1a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/481731.jpg
633881,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1700,"A hoard of two Early Bronze Age flat axes, dating from about 2050 BC - 1700 BC, and found in the same hole. One axe is complete and the other is in two pieces and is decorated.



Descriptive catalogue:



1. A copper alloy flat axe which is in two parts; it seems likely that this object has broken while in the ground and the break is not an example of pre-depositional action. The surfaces of the break are covered with comparable patina to the other surfaces of the object and both pieces fit neatly together.



The upper portion of the blade has a damaged butt, which is now uneven with one corner broken off, creating a diagonal butt. The sides widen slightly towards the break, which is approximately halfway between the butt and the cutting-edge. The lower portion of the blade consists of the cutting-edge, which is worn and one blade tip, the other is missing due to old breaks. The rounded nature of the side with the missing blade tip possibly conveys that after the break, the blade was re-sharpened to create a new working cutting-edge.



One face of the axe is flatter than the other, which is slightly convex. One side of the axe is also noticeably thicker than the other, this feature alongside the broken blade tip are possible indicators of how the axe was hafted, with the narrower side forming the lower edge after hafting. One side has been hammered to create slight flanges; this is only visible on the flatter face as this surface is less corroded. This face also has discernible decoration, consisting of straight vertical punched lines ('Rain pattern') on both the upper and lower portions of the blade. It is possible that the other face and the sides of the axe may also have been decorated, however the evidence of this has been lost due to corrosion.



Overall the axe is corroded and is entirely covered with dark brown patina with areas of green and mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion, particularly on one face.



Dimensions:  Max. Length: 106.8 mm, Width at cutting-edge: 51.8 mm, Width at butt: 19.0 mm, Max. Thickness: 10.4 mm; Weight: 172g.



2. A largely complete copper alloy flat axe. The butt is worn and appears to be slightly damaged; with one squared corner remaining. The sides in the upper half are almost parallel, widening gradually in the lower half to form a narrow cutting-edge. There is a slight stop-ridge across the thickest section of the blade, approximately halfway between the butt and the cutting-edge. The sides form slight flanges, creating dished faces.



Both blade tips are missing due to old breaks and the cutting-edge is very worn and corroded. Overall one face is less corroded than the other and both are covered with dark brown patina with small areas of green corrosion, particularly noticeable along the sides of the axe. All surfaces have mounds and pits of corrosion.



Dimensions: Max. Length: 192.2 mm, Max. Width at cutting-edge: 52.0 mm, Max. Width at butt: 23.3 mm, Max. Thickness: 11.9 mm; Weight: 242 g.



Discussion: 



Both the objects are corroded and missing several key diagnostic features, notably the butt and the blade tips of both objects but key diagnostic features are present, particularly the flanged sides and slight stop-ridge visible on flat axe No. 2. Both objects could be attributed to several possible types; Type Glenalla, Falkland or Bandon, these types are very similar and share common features (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 61-68), although the size and the protruding blade tip of axe No.1 are consistent with Type Bandon. These types date to Stage IV or V of Needham's (1996) Metalwork Assemblage scheme (c.2050-1700 cal. BC) and are comparable to several axes found in a hoard of five axes from Wold Farm, Willerby, East Yorkshire, several of which are decorated (Burgess & Schmidt 1981, no. 326-8 & 337, pl. 134; Needham et al. 1985, BBAM Series A, no.5; Rohl & Needham 1998, fig.26, 125). The Silsden find falls within a group of Yorkshire flat axe hoards of MA IV/V noted by Needham (1988, fig. 2)



Additional information on context of discovery: 



In subsequent correspondence (between the 3rd and 4th of December 2014) regarding the relative positions of the axes, [the finder (name redacted)] noted that flat axe No. 1 was the first to be recovered, that the 'axes were deep' and that they 'were in direct contact [with] no space between them'. A sketch and description provided shows the two axes placed side by side but 'kind of overlapping', No. 1 over No. 2, with the blades facing in opposite directions.



References:



Needham, S. 1988. Selective Deposition in the British Early Bronze Age, World Archaeology, 20 (2), 229-48



Needham, S. 1996. 'Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age' Acta Archaeologica, 67, 121-140



Needham S.P., Lawson, A.J., Green, H.S. 1985. Associated Finds Series. British Bronze Age Metalwork. A1-6 Early Bronze Age Hoards. London: British Museum Publications



Rohl, B. & Needham, S. 1998. The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age; The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis. British Museum Occasional Paper, Number 102, British Museum Press.



Schmidt, P. & Burgess, C. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Munchen: C. H. Beck'sche, Verlagsbuchandlung



Author:



Amy Downes, Finds Liaison Officer for South and West Yorkshire, August 2014



Additional information: 



Caroline Chestnutt, Volunteer for the British Museum



Neil Wilkin, Curator for the European Bronze Age","The two axes (Nos. 1-2) were found together and as two base metal prehistoric artefacts found in association, they qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-07-18T23:00:00Z,2014-07-18T23:00:00Z,2014T575,,,,,,,2,Caroline Chestnutt,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Bradford,Bradford,Silsden,SE0547,From finder,53.919119,-1.92535782,SWYOR-DB9247,,Axe_1.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/Axe_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/482063.jpg
633904,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"
Fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe. Approximatly one-third of the axe remains, with the surviving third being the blade-end. The blade is flared, and one bale tip survives. The blade narrows to a rectangular hollow shaft. The section of the shaft shares the same mid-brown patina as the exterior, suggesting that it was dismantled in antiquity. The section is smooth in most areas, and appears to have been cut rather than being broken. Small patches of copper corrosion are visible around the section, and at one of the blade tips.
","
Identification done from photograph sent by finder. Details will be added in due course.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-10T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Stow,SK8580,From a paper map,53.3101281,-0.72573878,LIN-DCC1A9,,LIN-DCC1A9_front.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN-DCC1A9_front.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/482011.jpg
633994,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"A copper-alloy blade fragment of Bronze Age (-2150 to -800) date: Only the tip of the blade survives, the remainder of the object is missing due to an old break, now worn. The surviving fragment is an elongated triangle in plan, an elongated pointed oval in section. The cutting edges are flattened and are partially incomplete due to abrasion. The surface is heavily abraded and pitted with traces of a dark green/brown patina. This blade measures 44.43mm in length, 10.86mm in width, 4.03mm in thickness, 7.1g in weight.



It is uncertain what implement the blade comes from, possibly a sword or rapier, and less likely a spearhead.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-04T23:00:00Z,2014-06-01T23:00:00Z,,,7.1,,,4.03,44.43,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Grimley,SO8159,From finder,52.22886825,-2.27959604,WAW-E33DE9,,WAW-E33DE9.jpg,Bronze Age blade (plan and profile). ,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-E33DE9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/482133.jpg
634416,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete Bronze Age gold plated base metal penannular ring (c. 1150 BC-c. 750 BC). Treasure case no. 2014 T593.



The ring is circular in cross-section and tapers slightly towards the flat terminals. It is decorated with broad silvery stripes of paler gold which are barely visible. Examination of the ends indicates that it has a base metal core.


17.8mm (maximum diameter); 5.9mm (thickness). Weight: 7.97g.",The prehistoric base metal find is coated in gold and predates 1714. It thus qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 in terms of precious metal content and age.,3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-08-26T23:00:00Z,2014-08-26T23:00:00Z,2014T593,,7.97,,17.8,5.9,,1,Frank Basford,Frank Basford,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Calbourne,SZ4185,GPS (from the finder),50.66323533,-1.42126807,IOW-397547,,2014 T593.JPG,Bronze Age Penannular Ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fbasford/2014 T593.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/483140.jpg
634674,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"A lump of copper alloy ingot weighing 108g. The ingot is not part of a plano-convex bun ingot and its date is uncertain, though a Bronze Age date is very probable. The lump is very roughly rectangular and has concave facets.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,108,,,23.5,35.9,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2148,From finder,51.21838612,-0.26883692,SUR-5B5051,,14-962.JPG,Bronze Age: Ingot,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/14-962.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/482669.jpg
635422,Finger Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A copper-alloy finger ring of Bronze Age date, 1500-1150 BC.



The finger ring is made from a coiled rod of sub-square section, with approximately two coils remaining. One end is 'finished', but the other had a sharp break, indicating that at least one coil is lost.



See also SUSS-C5D042; LANCUM-A4E905; NMS-300286; and SWYOR-3FF370.",,4,Copper alloy,Copper,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-30T23:00:00Z,2014-08-04T23:00:00Z,,,15.1,,27.18,4.09,,1,Robert Collins,Robert Collins,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Longframlington,NZ1399,From finder,55.28495936,-1.79687364,NCL-DA41F5,,NCL-DA41F5.JPG,NCL-DA41F5: Bronze Age finger ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rcollins/NCL-DA41F5.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/483434.jpg
635465,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Butt end of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave in battered condition, with an ancient break. Extant length 50mm. Width 23mm. Thickness 21.5mm. Weight 71.55g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-15T23:00:00Z,2014-07-20T23:00:00Z,,,71.55,,,21.5,50,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Worstead,TG2925,,52.77399331,1.3935805,NMS-DC21A9,,59881_DC21A9_Palstave_Axe_Fragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/59881_DC21A9_Palstave_Axe_Fragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155084.jpg
635628,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axe (c.1150-800 BC). The fragment is sub-oval and appears to be the cutting-edge of a socketed axehead; the interior of the socket is visible, forming a shallow sub-triangular hollow along the break, which is uneven. The cutting-edge is worn and is now rounded; the breaks are also worn. The entire object is covered with mounds and pits of copper alloy corrosion and green and black patina. It measures 19.3 mm in length, 20.6 mm wide, 9.9 mm thick and weighs 23.7 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.7,,,9.9,19.3,1,Caroline Chestnutt,Caroline Chestnutt,,Kent,Canterbury,Sturry,TR1961,Generated from computer mapping software,51.30596471,1.14058277,KENT-EFC95E,,KENT-EFC95E.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe cutting-edge fragment. ,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cchestnutt/KENT-EFC95E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/483749.jpg
635652,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,2000,1900,"A complete cast copper alloy bead of unknown period, ranging from Bronze Age to Post Medieval date (2000 BC -1900 AD).



This bead is sub-circular and D-shaped in cross-section. It has a central circular perforation which measures c. 5.6 mm in diameter. The bead is covered with dark green and black patina. It measures 15.1 mm in diameter, 5.3 mm thick and weighs 4.5 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.5,,15.1,5.3,,1,Caroline Chestnutt,Caroline Chestnutt,South East,Medway,Medway,Cliffe and Cliffe Woods,TQ7476,,51.45623829,0.50305999,KENT-F0A050,,KENT-F0A050-.jpg,A cast copper alloy bead of uncertain date. ,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cchestnutt/KENT-F0A050-.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/484002.jpg
635933,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-800,"
Copper alloy Bronze Age blade fragment from a knife. This has a low oval cross-section with tapered blades on either side. The front and back ends are truncated making it possible that this is around the middle of the knife. This artefact dates to the middle to late Bronze Age.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-03-31T23:00:00Z,2014-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,6.96,,,4,16,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Bath and North East Somerset,Bath and North East Somerset,Timsbury,ST6658,From finder,51.32008194,-2.48927752,GLO-06D7B5,,GLO06D7B5.jpg,GLO-06D7B5 Bronze Age knife fragment,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO06D7B5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/484033.jpg
636453,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy non-looped palstave in battered condition, with the butt end, much of the flanges and the lower part of the blade missing. Much of the patinated surfaces has been lost. Below the stop there is a V-shaped rib with a median rib which apparently does not extend further down the blade. One face almost all of this feature has been lost. Extant length, width and thickness 105, 45 and 22mm. Weight 226g. c.1300 - c.1000 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-07-19T23:00:00Z,2014-07-19T23:00:00Z,,,226,,,22,105,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Wormegay,TF6612,Generated from computer mapping software,52.68026659,0.45412593,NMS-6DC89B,,19668_6DC89B_MBA_PalstaveAxe_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Middle Bronze Age non-looped palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/19668_6DC89B_MBA_PalstaveAxe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154591.jpg
636479,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy socketed spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 BC. The object consists of the tip of the spearhead which has a pronounced central spine and a partial broken socket. The object also has partially retained wings which are missing large aspects and those retained are heavily abraded. An insufficient portion of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed, though it is probably comparable with the range of spearheads in Davis Groups 6-11.



The metal is a dark green with a heavily pitted and corroded patina.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: Unique ID: GLO-F2F1FF, Unique ID: NARC-B41416, Unique ID: NLM-A82A87 and Unique ID: SUR-219BC8",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25,,,7.95,67.78,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Kirk Deighton,SE4250,From finder,53.9444105,-1.36161773,YORYM-6ED7A7,,YORYM-6ED7A7.jpg,Spearhead : Bronze Age : YORYM-6ED7A7,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellie/YORYM-6ED7A7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/484613.jpg
636576,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"A Late Bronze Age copper alloy hammer or chisel, dating 1000-700BC. The object is solid cast and roughly cuboidal in shape, tapering from one end to the other. There is a circular socket at the widest end which would have held a wooden or bone handle. The object has a mid-green to mid-brown pattination across the surface and is rather worn, making the edges very rounded.



A similar example with a rectangular shape and circular socket has been recorded on the PAS database (LVPL-89D1D3). Most published examples have sockets that are the same shape as the object itself. The example on the database is Late Bronze Age in date, making it likely that this example is of a similar date.



Dimensions: length: 45.12 mm; width: 16.29 mm; socket diameter: 9.64 mm; weight: 40.53g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,40.53,,9.64,,45.12,1,Ben Paites,Ben Paites,,,,,,,,,LON-80850F,,BA-Aug14.jpg,"A Late Bronze Age copper alloy hammer or chisel, dating 1000-700BC.",Museum of London,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/BA-Aug14.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/484823.jpg
636615,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-1000,"Complete cast copper alloy side-looped palstave dating from the earlier part of the Late Bronze Age, that is c. 1200-1000BC. It appears to be either a very late specimen belonging to the Penard metalwork assemblage of the late Middle Bronze Age (i.e. a transitional palstave) or, more likely, it was part of the Wilburton metalwork assemblage (earlier phase of the Late Bronze Age, i.e. a late palstave). The palstave is complete and the casting seams have been filed down. The length of the axe is 158mm and the internal length of the socket is 67mm. The width of the body below the stop ridge is 18.4mm.The palstave is complete, but has a very pitted, mottled green surface. It looks like it was cast and prepared for use as well as used and subsequently re-sharpened; there are striations towards the edge of the blade. On one side there is a number of scratches between the wings/flanges on the outer surface of the palstave. These may have come from hafting it, but as the scratches look fresh it is more likely that they were plough damage.



The palstave is probably of Type Worthing; it strongly resembles a palstave from Worthing, Sussex (Schmidt and Burgess1981, 160ff; no. 916)",The axe was found c1970 by a farm worker,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Agricultural or drainage work,1969-12-31T23:00:00Z,1970-12-30T23:00:00Z,,,385,,,31.15,158,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Outwood,TQ3246,From a paper map,51.19797728,-0.11215586,SUR-8227B2,,DSCF3904.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF3904.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/484725.jpg
636790,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Cast copper alloy palstave dating from the Middle Bronze Age, that is c. 1500-1150BC. It was probably part of the Acton Park or Taunton metalwork assemblages. The axe is in very good condition with a bright blue/green patina. The axe measures 101.75mm in length and the blade is 42.25mm across. The length of the septum and socket is 54.85mm. The width across the possible loop is 22.99mm. The weight is 193g. All surfaces, especially the edges, appear worn and very smooth. The casting seams are smooth and the decoration of three short/curved(?) ribs is almost obliterated. There may have been a miscast loop on one of the sides; what is left is a slight, now flattened and abraded bulge in the casting seam. The blade is short and roughly triangular; it appears small for a palstave of this size, but the wear on the surfaces and along the edges suggests that this palstave was of age when deposited or lost, so it may well have been in use for a long time and repeatedly sharpened which would explain the small size of the blade.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,,193,,,26.55,101.75,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,West Hendred,SU4490,From finder,51.60712326,-1.3660316,SUR-94D598,,DSCF4043.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF4043.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/484827.jpg
638306,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Incomplete Early Bronze Age Flanged axe, butt end missing, straight sides slightly convex in section, blade expanding towards crescentic cutting edge, remains of low cast flanges. Worn and pitted, slight longitudinal bend. Extant length 57mm. Width 48mm. 10.5mm thick. Weight 101.53g. Cast flanged axes belong to the later part of the Early Bronze Age. c.1700 - c. 1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-09T23:00:00Z,2014-09-09T23:00:00Z,,,101.53,,,10.5,57,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Hevingham,TG1921,,52.74223745,1.2429211,NMS-2DE341,,59865_2DE341_BA_FlangedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age axehead. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/59865_2DE341_BA_FlangedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573100.jpg
639425,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Cast copper alloy sword or rapier tip dating from the late Middle Bronze Age or Late Bronze Age, that is c. 1500-800BC. The fragment is a of triangular shape with lenticular cross section and slightly bevelled edges. The tip is slightly bent where it is broken and measures 32mm.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.18,,,3.43,31.87,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Crowmarsh,SU6186,From finder,51.56958062,-1.12127055,SUR-AD2BAA,,B14-442.JPG,Bronze Age: Rapier tip,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B14-442.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/486286.jpg
639428,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-900,Cast copper alloy blade and lower part of a Middle Bronze Age-Late Bronze Age palstave dating from c. 1400-900BC. Most likely Acton Park or Taunton metalwork assemblage (MBA). The blade is pitted but some linear striations are visible on one side. About 50% of the surface survives.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,93,,,9.58,38.12,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Crowmarsh,SU6186,From finder,51.56958062,-1.12127055,SUR-AD3F50,,B14-445.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe blade,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B14-445.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/486288.jpg
639824,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, part of mouth with face and fragment of one side. Traces of vertical ribs on the surviving face. Powdery granular breaks, probably not ancient. Surviving length 31mm. Surviving width 32.5mm. Weight 19.14g. c.1000 - c.800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-07-14T23:00:00Z,2014-09-07T23:00:00Z,,,19.14,,,,32.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Grimston,TF6622,,52.77007974,0.45917561,NMS-D51D36,,41719_D51D36_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/41719_D51D36_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156047.jpg
639838,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1550,-1300,"A complete but heavily corroded copper alloy flanged axehead of middle Bronze Age date. The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan with a narrow and thin butt end which extends to a curved cutting edge with splayed blade. Raised flanges are present along the edges of both sides of the axehead each showing signs of heavy wear. No casting flashes are visible though this may be due to the advance nature of the corrosion.



The metal has a mid brownish-green patina and is worn. The axehead is 112mm long, 35.2mm wide at the blade, 17.5mm wide at the butt end, 14.4mm thick and weighs 121g. The flanges are 57.6mm long extending from the butt end to midway along the body.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,121,,,14.4,112,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bubwith,SE7435,Generated from computer mapping software,53.8060404,-0.87779319,YORYM-D5C7D6,,JL0012a.jpg,Bronze Age : Flanged Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/JL0012a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/486723.jpg
640198,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"An incomplete cast copper alloy spearhead, of probable Mid to Late Bronze Age date (c. 1600 BC to c. 1000 BC).



The spearhead fragment consists of a conical point, with a sub circular to sub rectangular cross section. The fragment is partially hollow, with the socket surviving to a depth of 14.2 mm. Longitudinal ridges are present on either edge; these are all that remain of the plough rolled blades. The spearhead tapers to a sharp point.



The spearhead fragment is a dark brown with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement within the plough soil, has resulted in the loss of most of the original surface detail and the finder has coated extant remains with a preservative substance.



From what remains of the fragmnet it is impossible to refine the dating of the piece, although given its small size it is most likely to date from the Middle Bronze Age period c. 1600-1200 BC.



The fragmnet measures 57.4 mm in length, a maximum width of 13.7, a minimum width of 1.2 mm, a maximum thickness of 11.7 mm and a minimum thickness of 2.0 mm. It weighs 15.8 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-22T23:00:00Z,2014-05-22T23:00:00Z,,,15.8,,,11.7,57.4,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Warwickshire,North Warwickshire,Middleton,SP1798,From finder,52.57955073,-1.75055595,WMID-EB0842,,WMID-EB0842.jpg,Probable Middle Bronze Age: Probable Spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-EB0842.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/486872.jpg
641105,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1300,"An incomplete and shortened cast copper alloy rapier dating from the earlier Late Bronze Age, that is c. 1100-900BC. The artefact is a nearly complete short dagger now, but probably started off as a rapier with a long, very narrow blade. It now measures 50.4mm in length, 16.25mm wide, 2.85mm thick and weighs 6.76 grams.



The blade is triangular in shape and lenticular in cross-section, with a broad flat midrib. It extends from a flat D-shaped butt-end with central notch (2.2mm thick and 14.65mm wide) to either side of the butt is a broadly triangular notch.



The blade narrows from 4.15mm wide and 1.15mm thick.



Originally this blade may have been a Group IV rapier, possibly of Type Appleby or Type Cornacarrow with an oblong butt, two side notches and - unusually - a single notch at the top. It may have broken and then reworked into a short dagger with triangular blade.



Reference: Burgess, C. and Gerloff, S. 1981. The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland. Praehistorische Bronzefunde, IV, 7. Muenchen.



A broadly similar blade fragment has been recorded on the database cf WILT-B91985",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.76,,,2.85,50.4,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Heytesbury,ST9341,,51.16819911,-2.10149794,WILT-530139,,WILT-530139.jpg,Bronze Age rapier or dirk fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-530139.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/487321.jpg
641509,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Middle Bronze Age bronze palstave of Group III, Low Flanged, Broad Blade form and possibly of Sleaford variant type, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p136)[1].



The palstave is near-complete, missing the part of the loop and with peripheral damage and is comparatively small (at 127.6mm and with a weight of 243.0g). The butt is damaged but was likely to have been moderately straight (with a width of 21.6mm and a thickness of 6.3mm). The sides from the butt to the stop are near-parallel, gently convex (with a maximum width of 23.8mm). The loop is damaged and extends either side of the stop (with a length of 25.3mm, an internal length of 7mm, a surviving height of 8.7mm and a width of 7.1mm). The septum is rounded and the stops are comparatively flat across both their depths and lengths (with a width of 17.0mm and where the axe has a thickness of 27.7mm). The flanges have a larger degree of damage on one face (with a surviving maximum depth of 25mm and a maximum height of 10.3mm). The flanges are curved and end before the butt, reaching their maximum height before the stop. The casting seams are clearly discernible on both sides and have been finished by hammering. There is the suggestion of subtle nick or ridge at the top of the blade sides and the sides are curved, diverging more sharply towards the blade edge. There is faceting across the thicknesses of the blade. The blade edge has been lost, which was moderately curved and slightly expanded (with a blade width of 44.4mm). The faces are decorated with a trident motif and the edges of the faces are ridged. The midrib and ridged edges both continue as far as the blade facet, producing two concave panels on the faces. The surface has a dark-green patina with areas of bright green corrosion. The surface has recently been coated in oil.



The palstave is suggested as being of Type Sleaford because of the characteristic panels created between the midrib and flange extensions, this example may be seen as a variant because of the trident decoration. Sleaford palstaves are seen as beginning early in the life of broad blade palstaves with an uncertain longevity (ibid.). Broad Blade palstaves are traditionally dated to the Taunton phase of the Middle Bronze Age in Britain, corresponding to Needham's (1996)[2] Period 5, dated to 1500 - 1150BC.



[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,243,,,27.7,25.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Merthyr Tydfil,Merthyr Tydfil,Vaynor,SO0212,From finder,51.79803072,-3.42252841,NMGW-693B4A,,palstave jpg.jpg,Middle Bronze Age bronze palstave of Group III,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/palstave jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/487533.jpg
641601,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1001,"Early - Middle Bronze Age Group I palstave of Primary Shield Pattern Palstave form and of Acton Park Type (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 117-125)[1]



The palstave is near-complete, with some peripheral damage to the blade, butt and flanges (with a length of 172mm and a weight of 445.3g). The butt (with a width of 21.8mm) is now corroded and of uncertain form. The flanges begin a little before the butt and were comparatively high (now damaged on one face), rising to their maximum height just behind the stop (with a maximum surviving height of 35.5mm). One of the flanges has an indentation, probably the result of a casting flaw. The septum (with a thickness of 7.3mm) is gently concave. The sides are straight and near-parallel, slightly divergent as far as the stop (where the palstave has a width of 25.8mm). The stops are near-straight and flat (with a height above the septum of (12.7mm and 12.2mm). The casting seams are discernible on the sides where the surface survives and have been neatly finished. To the front of the stops, the sides are concave and gradually increase in divergence to the blade. The blade is moderately expanded and the blade tips have been damaged (giving the blade a surviving width of 64.4mm). Both faces are decorated with the characteristic 'shield-pattern' (31mm long) defined by a depression and without a moulding. The faces are flat across their widths and most of the length, before curving to the blade but without a discernible blade facet. The surface has a dark brown patina with areas of dark-green surface loss.



The palstave may be seen as significant being of Acton Park type and found 2100m South East from[m1] the eponymous hoard (Savory 1980, no. 262, p 116)[2]. Acton Park palstaves are dated to 'Acton Park 1' with a suggested date in the 16th century BC (Needham 1996, p 133)[3], within Needham's (ibid.) Period 4.



[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Savory, H.; 1980; A Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections; National Museum of Wales



[3] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[m1]In published report replace with 'near'",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,445.3,35.5,,7.3,172,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Abenbury,SJ3650,From finder,53.04342065,-2.95604551,NMGW-6B14F5,,palstave jpg 1.1.jpg,Early - Middle Bronze Age Group I palstave of Primary Shield Pattern Palstave form and of Acton Park Type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/palstave jpg 1.1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/487576.jpg
641616,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"2014 T708: Bronze Age palstave fragment, an addendum to 2006 T272. 



Circumstances of discovery



A fragment from the butt end of a Bronze Age palstave was found by Mr Tyndall Jones on the 1st of May 2014 in the course of metal detecting.



Description



1. A fragment of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age palstave. The section comes from the butt-end/hafted-end of the axe but does not include the butt itself. There are several breaks and patches of corrosion with only two sides presenting the original patina. A casting seam is visible on one side of the fragment.



Measurements: Height: 25mm; Width: 17.5mm; Thickness (max.) 12.3mm; 8.49 mm (min.); Weight: 43.2g



Discussion



A previous discovery of three objects from the same findspot was made in May 2006 and was declared Treasure (Treasure case 2006 T272). The objects from that hoard (an unlooped palstave and two palstave fragments) are consistent with the character of object No. 1. Given that the fragment was found at the same location it can be considered (on the balance of probabilities) to be an addendum to 2006 T272. The fragment is too small to be typologically diagnostic but, if accepted as an addendum to 2006 T272, it may be assigned to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1100 BC), specifically the Acton Park phase of c.1500-1400 BC based on the typo-chronology of the unlooped palstave from the earlier find.



Conclusion



This object represents an addendum to Treasure Case 2006 T272 and therefore qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 (Designation Order 2002) by virtue of being part of a find of two or more base metal objects of prehistoric date from the same findspot.","Addendum to 2006 T272



Author



Neil Wilkin, Curator, The British Museum



February 2015",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2014-04-30T23:00:00Z,2014-06-25T23:00:00Z,2014T708,,43.2,,,,,1,Stephanie Smith,Stephanie Smith,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Warningcamp,TQ0406,From finder,50.84418717,-0.52419768,SUSS-6E5B94,,2014T708a.JPG,Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave axe fragment,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2014T708a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/531948.jpg
641932,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"
A fragment of a cast copper alloy mid to late Bronze Age palstave axe fragment. Only the butt survives, and the tip is missing. The butt has flaring sides and the upper parts of the side ridges are visible.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-15T23:00:00Z,,,,35.54,,,11.64,32.01,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2146,GPS (from the finder),52.11193001,-1.69476084,SUR-9560A2,,14-1083.JPG,Middle bronze age: Palstave,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/14-1083.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/489442.jpg
642008,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1150,-800,"
A fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe. The fragment comprises part of a worn blade and the lower part of the socket.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,15.8,,,,28.63,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Dorking North,TQ1449,From a paper map,51.22881356,-0.3687042,SUR-A6BEE6,,14-945.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/14-945.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/490018.jpg
642302,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A cast copper alloy side looped and socketed spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date, about 1550 - 1250 BC; Davis Group 6, 'developed side looped'. The tip of the blade and some of the socket are missing. The breaks are patinated. The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with an incomplete and abraded leaf-shaped blade. Two single cast 'string' side loops are present, one on either edge. The spearhead measures 75.4mm length, has a maximum width of 17.8mm across the base of the blade, and maximum thickness of 13.6mm across the socket. The depth of the socket is 29mm. The spearhead weighs 25.08 grams. The sides of the blades have been much abraded in the soil, loosing most of their shape and also the cutting edges. However, the overall shape of the blade can be best described as being leaf-shaped. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering (base to tip) lozenge shaped midrib. This midrib expands into the socket of the spear and is best described as being conical in shape. At the surviving end of the socket it has a diameter of 13.2mm and a thickness of 1.4mm. The string loops are 11mm from the base of the blade and they are oval. The loop has a maximum length of 11mm, width 2.5mm, and thickness of 2.5mm. The internal diameter of the loop measures 3mm x 1.8mm. The cross section is lentoid. Both loops are filled to some extent with green corrosion products. These loops would have originally been used to help attach and secure the spearhead to the wooden shaft. They also may have been used as suspension loops for some form of tassel or decoration. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The casting seams on either edge of the spear have presumably been trimmed and hammered flat; they are barely visible. The spearhead is a dark green colour with a corroded and lumpy surface. There is no evidence for the preservation of organic material within the socket.



A similar example is HESH-C348E5 which notes that: ""Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). Two similar examples of the overall style of spearhead are illustrated in Savory: Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections ref: 230, Llanbeblig, Caern. and 337:2 Nantcwnlle, Cards. The later example was discovered in an excavation of a burial mound in association with a Pygmy Cup. The metal of that example has been analysed and found to be of Cemmaes metal dated to the period 1400-1200 BC."" Davis (2017) suggests that 'spearheads from the earlier MBA [Middle Bronze Age] were those with sockets extending into the blade, and with loops on the side of the socket'. He dates these 'to the Acton Park and Taunton phases, 1550-1250 BC', consequently this example has been dated similarly.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-02T00:00:00Z,2014-02-02T00:00:00Z,,,25.08,,,13.6,75.4,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Holme upon Spalding Moor,SE8238,Generated from computer mapping software,53.83180013,-0.75554497,SWYOR-CE9339,,PAS_2234_spear_green.jpg,Bronze Age side looped spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2234_spear_green.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/487948.jpg
642317,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A cast copper alloy side looped and socketed spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date, about 1550 - 1250 BC; Davis Group 6, 'developed side looped. The tip and edges of the blade are missing. The breaks are patinated and worn. The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with an incomplete and abraded probably leaf-shaped blade. Two single cast 'string' side loops are present, one on either edge, one incomplete. The spearhead measures 67.6mm long, has a maximum width of 16.4mm across the base of the blade, and maximum thickness of 13.8mm across the socket. The depth of the socket more than 21.8mm but there is still dark orange brown clay filling the far end. The spearhead weighs 18.4 grams.



The sides of the blades have been much abraded in the soil, loosing most of their shape and also the cutting edges. However, the overall shape of the blade can be best described as being leaf-shaped. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering (base to tip) lozenge shaped midrib. This midrib expands into the socket of the spear and is best described as being conical in shape. The surviving end of the socket has a diameter of 13.4mm and a thickness of 2mm. The string loops are 13mm from the base of the blade and they are oval. The loops have a maximum length of 9.6mm, width 2.7mm, and thickness of 2.2mm. Only two stubs survive of one, and the other is filled with brown corrosion product. There is an oval hole in the side of the socket next to the complete loop. These loops would have originally been used to help attach and secure the spearhead to the wooden shaft. They also may have been used as suspension loops for some form of tassel or decoration.



There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The casting seams on either edge of the spear still stand proud of the socket. The spearhead is a dark brown colour with a smooth surface. There is no evidence for the preservation of organic material within the socket.



A similar example is HESH-C348E5 which notes that: ""Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). Two similar examples of the overall style of spearhead are illustrated in Savory: Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections ref: 230, Llanbeblig, Caern. and 337:2 Nantcwnlle, Cards. The later example was discovered in an excavation of a burial mound in association with a Pygmy Cup. The metal of that example has been analysed and found to be of Cemmaes metal dated to the period 1400-1200 BC."" Davis (2017) suggests that 'spearheads from the earlier MBA [Middle Bronze Age] were those with sockets extending into the blade, and with loops on the side of the socket'. He dates these 'to the Acton Park and Taunton phases, 1550-1250 BC', consequently this example has been dated similarly.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-05-25T23:00:00Z,2013-05-25T23:00:00Z,,,18.4,,,13.8,67.6,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Thorpe in Balne,SE5908,Generated from computer mapping software,53.56530469,-1.11065978,SWYOR-CEEFC9,,PAS_2234_spear_brown.jpg,Bronze Age side looped spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2234_spear_brown.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/487954.jpg
642429,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axehead, dating from the Late Bronze Age (c. 1150-800 BC).  The fragment consists of a small portion of its lower body and blade.  Type undeterminable. Only the lower half of the body and the blade survive; the surface is very worn. The object has a dark greenish/grey patina it is smooth and plain. There are no obvious resharpening marks or signs of wear on the surface of the blade, but the blade has a curved shape with blunt edges. The broken edge indicates where the axe was hollow. The axe measures 22.9mm long, 24mm wide, 7.5mm thick and it weighs 10.6 grams. The thickness of the wall at the point of break is 2.5mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-11T23:00:00Z,,,,10.6,,,7.5,22.9,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Framfield,TQ5020,GPS (from the finder),50.95990761,0.13450396,SUSS-D22ABB,,SUSS-D22ABB.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead Fragment,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS-D22ABB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/491748.jpg
642457,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Two joining fragments of Late Bronze Age sword blade. Lenticular-section, parallel sided, the cutting edge completely missing. The breaks at either end are fairly granular, the joining break cleaner and granular but corroded. Surviving length 96mm. Width 38.5mm. Thickness 7mm. Circa 1000 - 800 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-06T23:00:00Z,2014-06-06T23:00:00Z,,,67.2,,,7,96,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Lessingham,TG3928,From finder,52.79658135,1.54372107,NMS-D2C93E,,58958_D2C93E_LBA_Sword.jpg,Bronze Age sword,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/58958_D2C93E_LBA_Sword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/488133.jpg
642685,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1501,"Early Bronze Age Flanged axehead with straight sides slightly convex in section, sub-rectangular heel, blade expanding sharply towards crescentic cutting edge now damaged and corroded with one corner missing, slight cast flanges, slight transverse bevel ridge on both faces at the junction of the hafting surface and the blade below which is a broad band of very faint multiple short vertical grooves. Heavily corroded with pitting and blistering, particularly on one face. Length 95mm. Surviving width at blade 48mm. Thickness at mid-point of flange 11.5mm. Weight 155.9g. Cast flanged axes belong to the later part of the Early Bronze Age. c.1700 - c.1500 BC. For a very similar example see NMS-19A731 (HER59826).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-07-22T23:00:00Z,2014-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,155.9,,,11.5,95,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Horsford,TG1915,Generated from computer mapping software,52.68838619,1.23892627,NMS-E6BF8C,,60201_E6BF8C_BA_FlangedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/60201_E6BF8C_BA_FlangedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100808.jpg
642936,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1800,"Early Bronze Age bronze blade fragment from a flat axe of uncertain type



The axe is represented by a blade fragment, broken across both its length and width (with a surviving length of 49.0mm, a surviving width of 44.8mm, a maximum surviving thickness of 6.2mm and a weight of 51.5g). The unbroken side is straight (for a length of 12mm) and is rounded across its thickness (with a maximum thickness of 4.5mm). The surviving blade tip is rounded and somewhat distorted, after which the surviving part of the blade edge is comparatively straight (42.9mm wide). Neither face has a discernible blade facet. One face is convex over its length, while the other is comparatively flat. All of the breakages occurred in antiquity and the fractures extend around the break. The damage on the axe may be consistent with deliberate damage. The surface has a dark-green patina.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The fragment shows no evidence of developed features and it is possible that the axe belongs to the earlier part of the sequence of tin-bronze axes, possibly of Type Migdale or Type Aylesford (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981)[1]. Axes of this date belong to Metalwork Assemblages III - IV, dated to c. 2200 - 1800BC.



[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,51.5,,,6.2,49,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Much Wenlock,SO6299,From finder,52.58746652,-2.56231846,NMGW-FBA618,,2013.38.1 jpg.jpg,Early Bronze Age blade fragment from a flat axe,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.38.1 jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/488370.jpg
642948,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age bronze butt fragment from an axe of uncertain type but of Developed Axe or Palstave form



The axe is fragmentary, broken at both ends but is likely to have been close to the butt (with a surviving length of 21.4mm and a weight of 17.1g). The butt end has some damage (with a width of 21mm and a thickness of 4.4mm). The sides are slightly divergent to the break (with a maximum width of 24.6mm and a thickness of 6.7mm - 7.3mm). There is the suggestion of a casting seam on one side, although little of the original surface survives. The flanges are beginning to develop above the septum but are shallow and corroded at the break (giving the axe a maximum surviving depth of 9.2mm with a height above the septum of 1.3mm). A small number of casting flaws are evident on the fragment. The surface has a dark-green patina with areas of bright green surface loss and corrosion.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The butt form would be consistent with Developed flat axes, From Type Aylesford (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981)[1] from the Early Bronze Age through to Late Palstaves, of Ewart Park Metalworking in the Late Bronze Age.



[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.1,,,4.4,21.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Ruyton-XI-Towns,SJ3622,From finder,52.79175542,-2.95051705,NMGW-FC228B,,2013.38.2 jpg.jpg,Bronze Age bronze butt fragment from an axe of uncertain type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.38.2 jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/488388.jpg
642955,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age bronze butt fragment from an axe of uncertain type but of Developed Axe or Palstave form



The axe is represented by a butt fragment only, broken at one end (with a surviving length of 23.7mm and a weight of 18.4g). The butt end is rounded and thins to an edge (with a width of 20.5mm and a thickness of 0.8mm). The sides are straight and slightly divergent to the break (with a maximum width of 24.1mm and a thickness of 7.5mm). The sides are convex across their thicknesses with no surviving evidence of the casting seams. The flanges begin at the butt and are slightly convex along the short length to the break (giving the axe a maximum surviving depth of 11.0mm with a height above the septum of 2.0mm). There is an angled step on the break which may possibly suggest a cut. The surface has a dark-green brown patina with some pitting and areas of bright green corrosion.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The butt form would be consistent with Developed flat axes, From Type Aylesford (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981)[1] from the Early Bronze Age through to Late Palstaves, of Ewart Park Metalworking in the Late Bronze Age.



[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.4,,,0.8,23.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Leadenham,SK9552,From finder,53.05681973,-0.58401314,NMGW-FC4B96,,2013.38.3 jpg.jpg,Bronze Age butt fragment from an axe of uncertain type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.38.3 jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/488399.jpg
643045,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age sword blade fragment of uncertain type, probably of Late Bronze Age date, possibly of Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking Industry of Needham's (1996)[1] Periods 4-5, dated to c. 1150 - 750BC.



The sword is fragmentary, represented by a blade fragment, broken at both ends in antiquity (with a surviving length of 22.3mm and a weight of 16.7g). The blade has a midrib (11mm wide and giving a maximum thickness of 8.0mm), flanked on each side by a concave section to the blade edge. The blade edges have been lost but the beginnings of the blade edge facets are evident on both sides (giving the blade a maximum surviving width of 30.0mm). The short blade fragment is flat across its length with no evidence of bending prior to breaking but there are battering scars on the midrib on both faces. The surface has a dark brown patina, preserved over much of the fragment with areas of bright green corrosion



The fragmentary nature of the blade, lacking diagnostic features makes typological identification difficult. Although swords have origins in the later part of the Middle Bronze Age of Taunton and Penard Metalworking Industries, occurrences of the types are comparatively unusual and leaf-shaped swords of Late Bronze Age date tend to be more commonly recovered.



[1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.7,,,8,22.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanarth,SO4009,From finder,51.77643694,-2.87105051,NMGW-FE5523,,2013.42.1 jpg.jpg,Bronze Age sword blade fragment of uncertain type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.42.1 jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/488436.jpg
643047,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"I am very grateful to John Llywelyn Williams for the following description:



The axe has a mottled green and brownish yellow corroded surface and is most likely made of bronze. Its most notable feature is its small size - with a length from butt to cutting edge of 73.4mm. The axe is well made with a thin rounded butt and the body expanding to form a slightly asymmetric cutting edge with rounded terminations. The sides are rounded and there may be traces of very subdued side flanges - the abraded surfaces making it most difficult to confirm their presence. There is no stop bevel but a slight depressed concavity across the face of the body in a position a third from the butt end is more likely to be a casting imperfection rather than a constructive feature.



The small size of the axe and the uncertainty about the presence of side flanges makes it difficult to place within a classificatory scheme. Its shape has the features of a miniature Migdale type axe but in a preliminary survey of 24 complete axes of this type from Wales, the length of the group varies from 108mm in the smallest example (Swansea, Great Western Railway Station) to 180mm in the largest (Oxwich, Gower), with an average for the series of 142.2mm. An axe of comparable size is the example from Kelsterton, Connah's Quey, Flintshire, but this is classified as a Developed axe of type Aylesford, a group that could accomodate the present specimen if side flanges were to be confirmed. Migdale type axes belong to Early Bronze Age Period 2 (c 2200/2150 - 2050BC), and Aylesford type axes to Post Period 2 (c 2100 - 1050BC). 



The utilitarian use of such small, slender axes is an unknown but debatable issue. A function as a delicate wood working tool could be postulated, but equally compelling would be to claim it as a votive replica of a much larger example. Unfortunately the context is not known, viz the depth at which it was buried, its position and orientation, and whether it was deposited in a pit or in association with any other below ground feature. Diminutive battle axes in stone, and bronze socketed axes are known from later stages in the Mid and Late Bronze Age. 



No analytical study of its composition has been undertaken. Such a study using a non- destructive quantitative technique (XRF) or semi-quantitative (SEM) could be most informative. 



The surface is abraded and some surface detail may have been lost. It would also be advantageous if the object was to receive remedial conservation to stabilize further deterioration from active bronze disease.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,61.7,,,7.3,73.4,1,Roland Flook,Roland Flook,Wales,Gwynedd,Gwynedd,Bontnewydd,SH4659,Generated from computer mapping software,53.10590198,-4.3019175,GAT-FE6CD4,,PAS2014-20-001 013.jpg,Bronze Age Axe (side A),Gwynedd Archaeological Trust ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rflook/PAS2014-20-001 013.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/488438.jpg
643112,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-650,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment of uncertain type



The axe fragment is a mouth fragment, probably from the unlooped side (with a surviving length of 35.4mm, a surviving width of 28.6mm, a surviving depth of 9.0mm and a weight of 19.0g). The top of the mouth (with a thickness of 5.4mm - 6.0mm) is corroded but a raised area is likely to represent the casting runner stub. The casting seam is evident running down the middle part of the side, from the runner stub and appears to have been prominent, possibly with minimal finishing. There is a weak collar discernible on the side (with a length of 16mm). Above the break, the casting seam is slightly raised and it is possible that it represents the remains of the top of a loop, although it would have been placed comparatively low in relation to the collar. The side fragment is near-straight, slightly concave. The interior of the axe is straight along its length and is curving to the faces on both ends (giving an internal width of approximately 20mm). The surface is heavily-corroded with a mid-brown patina.



The fragmentary nature and lack of diagnostic features makes typological identification difficult. Socketed axes generally date from the Wilburton and Ewart Park phases of the Late Bronze Age (c. 1150 BC - 750BC) but may also be of the Llyn Fawr phase (c. 800 - 650BC).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19,,,6,35.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Eardisley,SO2951,From finder,52.15269716,-3.03915768,NMGW-0D2364,,2013.42.2 jpg.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment of uncertain type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.42.2 jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/488533.jpg
643183,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper alloy single-runner casting jet of uncertain date



The casting jet comprises the reservoir and a single runner (with a height of 29.8mm and a weight of 20.9g). The reservoir is sub-oval (27.1mm x 21.8mm and 10.9mm deep). The top surface of the jet is as-cast, with a prominent bubble void at the side, near one end and the sides are smooth from the interior of the gate. The runner is of oval section, narrowing slightly towards the break (4.7mm x 3.7mm at the break, with a length of 16.4mm). The top part of the runner is more irregular, possibly suggesting a clay gate was employed.



The casting jet has few diagnostic attributes and could date from the Middle Bronze Age onwards.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.9,29.8,,,,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Wenvoe,ST1072,From finder,51.43981874,-3.29626369,NMGW-0F0ECA,,2013.40.3 jpg.jpg,Middle Bronze Age single-runner casting jet of uncertain date,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.40.3 jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/488546.jpg
643825,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast, copper alloy, socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age, c. 1000 BC to 800 BC.



The object is sub-rectangular in plan and gently widens towards the blade which has a maximum width of 36.05 mm although there is clear damage to the edge of the blade making it very blunt. There is some bevelling on both sides of the object caused by hammering the object. When viewed in profile the object is triangular, with the objects again tapering to a point at the blade. There are clear casting seams on both profiles and on one side there is the base of the loop which has probably broken in antiquity. The axe has a maximum thickness of 28.87 mm. The socket is sub-rectangular and there is damage to the edge with some light green, active corrosion. There is a groove which runs around the object, presumably parallel to the original edge of the socket.



This object is a Ewart Park Class A1, South eastern type and there are similar objects recorded on the PAS database, see KENT-4B9466 and KENT-2126A8",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,93.9,,,28.87,69.21,1,Lauren Proctor,Lauren Proctor,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Deighton,NZ3800,From finder,54.39406546,-1.416265,DUR-79025D,,DUR-79025D.jpg,Socketed Axehead,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DUR-79025D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/489095.jpg
643872,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"Early Bronze Age bronze Flat Axe, possibly of Type Migdale (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-44)[1], of Metalworking Assemblage III, corresponding to Needham's (1996)[2] Period 2 -3 and probably dating to c. 2,200 - 1,900BC.



The axe is incomplete, missing the butt and with peripheral damage (with a surviving length of 103.3mm and a weight of 264.2g). The break at the butt occurred in antiquity and there is the suggestion of bending towards one of the faces, prior to breaking. The axe is of rectangular section at the break (with a width of 26.4mm and a thickness of 8.3mm), which is flat and at a slight angle to the sides. The sides curve gently towards the blade for most of the length before curving more sharply at the blade. The blade tips are eroded (giving the blade a width of 60.8mm) and the blade edge is comparatively straight, now appearing to be angled although the original blade edge does not survive. The axe has a consistent rectangular section with no surviving evidence for developed features. Both faces are gently convex across their lengths before thinning at the blade.



Analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the axe and was carried out[3] using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), with an Oxford Instruments Inca energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The results show the metal composition is a tin-bronze alloy (with mean readings of copper: 87.08% and tin: 12.27%), with a significant trace of antimony (with a mean reading of 1.25%) and nickel (with a mean reading of 0.24%), but no arsenic. The lack of arsenic as an impurity makes the alloy difficult to fit into Northover's (1980, p 229-243 )[4] Early Bronze Age metal groups but the comparatively high levels of Nickel may suggest that the alloy is closer to his 'G' metal.



The highly-corroded and incomplete state of the axe makes typological identification difficult. However, the lack of any surviving developed features and the simple, curved-sided form to the axe are suggestive of Type Migdale dating to c. 2,200 - 1,900BC.



[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[3] By Mary Davis; Senior Conservator, Amgueddfa Cymru



[4] Northover, J.P.; 1980; The Analysis Of Welsh Bronze Age Metalwork; Appendix in H.N. Savory, A Guide Collection of the Bronze Age Collections; National Museum of Wales",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,264.2,,,8.3,103.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Ceredigion,Ceredigion,Llandyfriog,SN3341,From finder,52.04217485,-4.43641743,NMGW-7B0ADE,,2013.55 jpg.jpg,"Early Bronze Age bronze Flat axe, possibly of type Migdale",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.55 jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/489118.jpg
644185,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1700,"Early Bronze Age Developed flat axe, probably of Type Bandon, as defined Schmidt & Burgess (1981, pp 65-7)[1] and dating to c. 1,900 - 1,700BC



The axe is near-complete with some peripheral damage (with a surviving length of 101.3mm and a weight of 128.4g). The butt is now rounded (with a width of 20.6mm). The sides are straight and near-parallel as far as the median bevel (where the axe has a width of 23.9mm), after which the axe sides are concave and sharply divergent to the eroded blade tips. The blade was originally likely to have been comparatively widely expanded (with a maximum surviving blade width of 50.7mm)



The sides are heavily corroded and are convex across their thicknesses'. The flanges survive on both faces (with a surviving height of 1mm). There is a clear straight medial bevel (giving the axe a maximum thickness of 9.7mm, without the flanges and 11.8mm with), surviving on one of the faces (positioned 38.5mm from the butt, 62mm from the blade). The blade face is corroded but appears to have had a facet corresponding to the position where the sides expanded sharply (20mm from the blade edge). The original blade edge is lost but some surface survives on the blade, preserving sharpening striations running along the blade. The surface has a dark-green to brown patina with no trace of applied decoration.



The peripheral damage to the axe makes typological identification uncertain. The clear median bevel, straight sides behind the bevel and expanded blade edge suggest comparatively 'Developed' features on the axe, suggesting Type Bandon (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981) or a probable Class 4 (following Needham 1983; forthcoming), dating to Periods 3-4 of the Early Bronze Age (c.1950-1500 BC) (Needham 1996). Class 4 axes straddle the boundary between Periods 2 and 3, but this axe can be confidently assigned to Period 3, probably falling within the late Aylesford to Willerby metalworking phases (c.1950-1750 BC) (Needham et al. 1997).



[1]Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2]Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,128.4,,,9.7,101.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,West Ilsley,SU4782,From finder,51.53495564,-1.32378206,NMGW-901FF1,,2013.62jpg.jpg,"Early Bronze Age flat axe, probably of Type Bandon",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.62jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/489361.jpg
644372,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"An incomplete copper alloy flanged axe from the Arreton metalworking phase which dates to the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1700 to 1500 BC.



The blade of the object is present and flares and the blade tips project backwards, one of which is damaged. It has a maximum width of 60.87 mm. The object is broken and so the butt is not present whcih makes the maximum length of the object 84.13 mm. The flanges are prominent and measure 18.33 mm in thickness. The septum thickness is 11.79 mm, and has a maximum width of 22.47 mm including the flanges. There is no stop ridge. The blade facet is clear, and the cutting edge is well preserved and still sharp. There are areas of corrosion across the object, particularly towards the irregular breakage at the top. A similar examples is LANCUM-19A734, or DOR-5D7F46, but with the flanges projecting closer towards the blade.



The axe is of the flanged type which dates to the Arreton (1700 -1500 BC) series. They have characteristically wide blades, and precede the narrower looped Palstaves of later periods.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,191.8,,,17.4,84.13,1,Elliott McDonald,Elliott McDonald,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Whittington,NZ0071,,55.03352214,-2.00153443,DUR-A2474C,,DUR-A2474C.jpg,Axe head,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DUR-A2474C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/490517.jpg
644526,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1150,"Fragment of a Middle to Late Bronze Age axe of uncertain type, but of Developed Axe or Palstave form. Only a fragment of the butt-end survives. The fragment is rectangular in plan and triangular in section. It has wide flanges on both sides at the break giving the axe an 'H'-shaped section, and these flanges taper to the butt. The break is irregular and well patinated, suggesting that it occured by accident in antiquity. The surface is mottled green and pitted with areas of corrosion.



The length of the axe is 25mm, the width is 26mm. Each flange extends 2mm at the break. The body is 8mm thick.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The butt form would be consistent with Developed flat axes, From Type Aylesford (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981)[1] from the Early Bronze Age through to Late Palstaves, of Ewart Park Metalworking in the Late Bronze Age.



[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,4,Copper alloy,,,Metal detector,2014-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,11,25,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,South Clifton,SK8270,From finder,53.22073343,-0.77332708,LIN-A5DA60,,LIN-A5DA60.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN-A5DA60.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/489754.jpg
644898,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1501,"Distorted fragment of an Early Bronze Age copper alloy Wessex-type dagger, both ends broken, both cutting edges missing. On both faces a broad mid-rib is flanked by a pair of grooves which converge towards the missing point. The breaks are old but there is much recent scuffing. Where un-damaged the surfaces carry a shiny patination. Extant length and width 59 and 39mm. Thickness 5mm. Weight 31.14g. c.1700 - c.1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-19T23:00:00Z,2014-09-19T23:00:00Z,,,31.14,,,5,59,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Huntingdonshire,Bythorn and Keyston,TL0576,GPS (from the finder),52.37199267,-0.45912093,NMS-E5876E,,Cambridgeshire_E5876E_BA_Dagger.jpg,Bronze Age dagger,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/Cambridgeshire_E5876E_BA_Dagger.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573185.jpg
645421,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2000-1700 BC). The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. In cross section the axe is D shaped with one edge displaying a distinctive curved (domed edge) whilst the opposite is relatively flat. It is likely that this is caused by the axe being cast in an open stone mould. The butt is relatively thin having a narrow rounded profile; the width at the butt is 20.4 mm (thickness: 4.8 mm). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively curved. However, the axe is thickest at the mid point (9.1 mm). The sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge with an abraded width of 35.5 mm. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through either abrasion or wear, as has the blade edge itself. A distinct blade facet is not present. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on any surface of the axe. Casting 'flaws' or air bubbles are present over most of the surface of the flat axehead. The axe is a mid to dark green to brown in colour colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



The axe measures 81.39 mm in length, maximum width at the blade is 35.5 mm, width at the butt is 20.4 mm and it has a maximum thickness of 9.1 mm. It weighs 71.9 grams.



The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge). It is closest in style to the Biggar variants of the Migdale type axes (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, 46-47), although it is smaller than other recorded examples. This variant tends to have a relatively narrow butt and widened blade, straight or concave sides which diverge towards the cutting edge. Variant Biggar show a relatively narrow butt, which in many cases is characteristically flattened, less rounded than in Migdale axes. The butt therefore has a more squarish appearance. Below the butt the sides do not diverge immediately, but run parallel for at least one third of their overall length. Cutting edge is often flatter, less rounded than is the case with Type Migdale proper. It is never recurved, and very rarely strongly tipped. These axes fit within metalworking stage IV, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL. BC. This axe is very similar to those identified as Type Migdale Variant Biggar (Burgess and Schmidt: plate 18-19. 220 Knapton or 231 Brubster).



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-20T23:00:00Z,2014-09-20T23:00:00Z,,Blakenhall Rally 2014,71.9,,,9.1,81.3,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Blakenhall,SJ7247,Generated from computer mapping software,53.01955845,-2.41885014,WMID-0DE49A,,WMID-0DE49A.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Flat Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID-0DE49A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/490266.jpg
645602,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, cutting edge and slight part of the socket. The breaks are ancient. Extant length 22mm. Width 40mm. Thickness 12mm. Weighs 32.74g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-13T23:00:00Z,2014-10-12T23:00:00Z,,,32.74,,,12,22,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Runhall,TG0608,From finder,52.63064311,1.04251108,NMS-205EA8,,60188_205EA8_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/60188_205EA8_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573169.jpg
645998,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe of South Wales (Stogursey) Type, of Ewart Park Metalworking Industry, dating to Needham's Period 7 (c. 950 - 750BC).



The axe is fragmentary and distorted, represented by a mouth fragment, comprising part of one face and the looped side (with a surviving length of 44.1mm and a weight of 62.7g). The mouth (with a distorted width of 56.4mm and a surviving depth of 26mm) is flat topped (6.4mm - 9.4mm wide) and two casting runner stubs are evident on the surviving side and face. There is a mouth moulding, bevel to the face (6.8mm long). The loop springs from the base of the moulding and returns immediately above the break (with a length of 32mm and an internal length of 17.4mm). The loop is broken (with a surviving height of 9.6mm) and appears to have broken more recently. The casting seam is clearly discernible below the loop but has been neatly finished. The surviving side fragment is slightly concave across its length and across its width, is bevelled towards the centre, which would have produced a sub-hexagonal body section. The surviving face is decorated with three ribs, which are near-parallel or slightly converging. The face has been battered below the mouth, damaging the mouth moulding and distorting the axe. The surface has patinated, suggesting the damage occurred in antiquity. Further evidence of battering can be seen on the side of the face and above the break. The rear has a tears corresponding to the impact points. All damage to the axe, apart from the loop appears to have occurred in antiquity. The surface has a pale-green patina with small surviving traces of a black patina or corrosion surviving.



The damage to the axe appears to have occurred in antiquity and may have been deliberate, possibly for votive purpose.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,62.7,,,,44.1,1,Edward Besly,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanhennock,ST3894,From finder,51.64136803,-2.8973618,NMGW-38B29D,,2013.73.1jpg.jpg,Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe of South Wales (Stogursey) Type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.73.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/490537.jpg
646388,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1250,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) early un looped palstave / primary Group I - shield patterned palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1300 BC) - most probably associated with the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both assemblages fit within Burgess Metal Working Stage VIII and IX



The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with convex expanding sides and a convex (fan like) blade. The cutting edge has been lost. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The blade (measured from the blade edge to the stop ridge) is 80.56 mm long and the width of blade at its widest point is 63.21 mm. The thickness of the blade tip is 8.56 mm. The maximum thickness of the blade is 24.25 mm (measured at a point below the stop ridge; the width at this point is 32.5 mm). Directly below the stop ridge are two concave depressions which are bordered by slightly raised ridges. This pattern is more visible on one face than the other. The convex cutting edge of the blade is lost through corrosion, abrasion and probably wear. Although evidence of the blade facet remains on both sides of the object The exposed edge is asymmetric with one side of the blade being more worn than the other. This may be due to considerable movement in the ploughsoil and corrosion or be functional use in the active Bronze Age life of the palstave. The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part behind the stop ridge. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is 69.94 mm long, 17.6 mm wide and 6.1 mm thick. The butt of the axe is complete. The width at the butt is 28.4 mm. The flange facets are fused to the stop ridge forming two raised elements to haft the axe by. The facets on each side of the axe differ slightly from one another. However, one face of the axe has been severally damaged by abrasion and corrosion which renders comparison between the two faces difficult. Below the stop ridge on one face there is a u-shaped hollow section which is cast into the object. It measures 28.5 mm long and 24.1 mm wide. It is better preserved on one side than the other probably due to movement or corrosion whilst within the plough soil.



The palstave is a mid green colour with areas of thick well formed patina and exposed areas of abraded metal. It is likely that abrasion and corrosion has spread and affected 40% of the surface of the axe. However, this corrosion seems to be relatively stable at present and relatively few areas of light green active powdery corrosion can be observed. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. Similar examples to this palstave can be seen in: Savory, 1980; Catalogue of the Bronze Age collections in the National Museum of Wales; entry 153 from St Fagans, Glamorgan. This form and style of palstave fits can be classifided as an early palstave / primary group I - shield patterned and dates to the first phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA I) 1450-1250 BC specifically within the  Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both assemblages fit within Burgess Metal Working Stage VIII and IX. A close comparison to this palstave has been recorded from the Albrighton Area, Shropshire (HESH-D05FE3)



The palsatve measures 149 mm long and weighs 494.1 grams.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-08T23:00:00Z,2014-09-08T23:00:00Z,,,494.1,,,24.25,149,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Staffordshire Moorlands,Horton,SJ9257,Generated from computer mapping software,53.11012579,-2.12096067,WMID-755304,,WMID-755304.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Palstave Shield Shaped Type,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID-755304.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/490757.jpg
646532,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"An almost complete decorated Flat Axe / axehead of Early Bronze Age Period, date (2000-1700 BC). The general form of the axe is complete, however it has suffered significant loss from corrosion at both the cutting edge and the butt. In plan the axe is broadly rectangular with narrow rounded butt and expanded / splayed cutting edge. In profile the axe is lentoid. In section the axe is broadly rectangular (rectangular with rounded edges) and there are no signs of raised flanges or hafting augmentation. There is also no sign of a proto stop ridge / median bevel. The surface patina has been poorly preserved and the majority has flaked away because of laminating surface corrosion. One face is better preserved than the other. The remaining surface patina shows evidence of decoration - specifically small lentoid shaped depressions aligned vertically on the axe blade. This form of decoration is known as rain pattern and is common on some axes of the later early bronze age. The long edges of the axe are also poorly preserved, again it is possible there are some facets possibly suggesting cable like decoration. The axe is a light green to light brown colour and has an uneven polished patina; elements of the axe are still coated in soil. The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age of metalworking stage IV which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL. BC. This axe is very similar to those identified as Type Migdale Variant Biggar (Burgess and Schmidt: plate 18-19. 220 Knapton or 229 Stamfordham).



The axe measures 150.2mm long, the cutting edge has a width of 68.2 mm and the butt is 30.6 mm wide. It has a thickness of 9.3 mm at the centre of the axe, the blade has a thickness of 6.3 mm and the butt has a thickness of 6.9 mm. The axe weighs 290.3 g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,290.3,,,9.3,150.2,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,Wales,Powys,Powys,Glascwm,SO1054,From finder,52.17688778,-3.31758845,WMID-798FF7,,WMID-798FF7.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Flat Axehead ,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID-798FF7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/490828.jpg
646743,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1100,"A hoard of two incomplete Middle Bronze Age rapiers dating to the period c. 1400 - 1100 BC.



Both blades best described as rapiers and best placed in Burgess & Gerloff's 'Group III' (Burgess, C.B., and Gerloff, S. 1981. The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland.



Prähistorische Bronzefunde IV, 7 Beck: Munich).



The rapiers will be discussed as rapier A and rapier B.



Rapier A consists of six fragments of the blade along with six rivets from the handle. One of the breaks between two of the fragments may be deliberate, the other breaks appear to have occured during deposition. All of the fragments feature substantial damage along both edges of the blade. All of the fragments exhibit one surface with a smooth dark green patina with some pitting and one surface with a heavily pitted, rough dark green patina. The uppermost section comprises widened shoulders which measure 63.47mm at their widest point. They have been damaged along the top by a series of old breaks. The edge of one notch is visible along the break line. The blade then tapers to a width of 19.82mm and terminates in a jagged break point. The blade is lozengiform in cross-section and features a thick, prominent mid-rib.



The second fargment of rapier A has straight parallel sides and is lozengiform in cross-section. The blade is slightly curved along its length and terminates in an old break which may have been deliberate. This fragment measures 129.16mm in length, 20.77mm in width, tapering to a width of 18.39mm and is 7.37mm thick.



The third fragment tapers noticably along its length 77.64mm in length, 16.92mm in width, tapering to a width of 14.24mm. It is 6.51mm thick, narrowing to a thickness of 5.91mm. The fourth fragment measures 41.00mm in length, tapers from a width of 13.07mm to 11.95mm and is 5.43mm thick. The fifth fragment measures 15.28mm in length, 11.05mm in width and is 5.15mm thick. The sixth fragment comprises the tip of the blade and narrows markedly incomparison to the other fragments. measures 46.45mm in length, tapers from a width of 11.67mm to a width of 3.98mm and narrows from a thickness of 5.19mm to 3.47mm. It terminates in an old break.



The rivets are cylindrical in shape, each featuring a ridged collar at either terminal with rounded ends. They all feature an uneven dark green and brown patina. One terminates in an old break, however, the other five are all intact, save minor surface damage. The rivets vary in length from 21.44mm to 13.34mm and in diameter from 19.21mm to 11.78mm.



Rapier B comprises three fragments of the blade. It is missing the hilt and shoulders. The first fragment is rectangular in shape and lozengifrom in cross section. The blade has been faceted, with a prominent mid-rib and two additional ribs flanking, creating four facets on each surface. The faceting is also visible in the cross section. The fragment measures 131.72mm in length, 23.34mm in width, tapering to 20.91mm and is 7.29mm thick.



The second fragment tapers slightly along its length. The break point at one end seems to match with the break point of the first section. One surface has a deeply pitted dark greeen patina. The other surface exhibits a smooth dark green patina interspersed with uneven patches of green and brown corrosion product and some recent scratches where the original colour of the metal is visible. It measures 135.66mm in length, 21.17mm in width, tapering to 18.66mm and is 7.11mm thick, narrowing to 6.47mm.



The third fragment comprises the tip of the blade and commences with a deliberate break, visible where the blade has been bent out of shape and snapped. Unlike the first two fragments, this fragment only exhibits one thickened ridge running along its length, rather than the faceted surfaces of the other two fragments. Both surfaces feature a pitted and scratched dark green patina. The fragment measures 156.65mm in length, 23.36mm in width, tapering to 8.98mm and is 11.86mm thick, narrowing to 8.11mm.","These two rapiers were found at the same farm at least 10 years ago, the finder is deceased.



On the balance of probability these finds constitute a hoard but were found prior to 1st Janurary 2003 and consequently would not be defined as treasure under the 1997 act or Treasure trove.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,2,Julie Dawn Shoemark,Julie Dawn Shoemark,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Shillingstone,ST8409,From finder,50.88026826,-2.22879757,WILT-8CBFA4,,WILT-8CBFA4.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-8CBFA4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/491077.jpg
646848,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"
A gold penannular ring of near-circular cross section. Bands of yellow and paler, silver-rich gold are clearly visible on the inside of the band, less so on the outer circumference where this decorative effect is very worn. Examination suggests that the ring is solid.


An addition to a well known series of decorative rings. This example is the third from Surrey to be recorded under the Treasure Act.
","This item is more than 300 years old and composed of more than 10% precious metal. It therefore should be considered Treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act 1996.



Acquired by Dorking Museum.",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-10-22T23:00:00Z,,2014T790,,15.72,,17.17,6.55,,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2050,From finder,51.23657266,-0.28247951,SUR-8F221C,,DSCF4923.JPG,Bronze Age: Gold pennanular ring,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF4923.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/491949.jpg
647636,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A possible socketed spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1500 to 1150 BC.



Most of the blade and some of the socket are missing. The breaks are patinated suggesting they are not recent. The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with an incomplete and abraded leaf-shaped blade. Two single cast 'string' side loops are present, one on either edge however both are incomplete. Running either side of the loops along the length of the object there is some evidence for casting seams. The spearhead has lozenge-shape cross section across the blade before rounding to create a sub-circular cross section at the socket. The spearhead measures 48.86 mm length, has a maximum width of 11.3mm. The spearhead weighs 13.28 grams. There is some organic material in the socket however it is unclear if this is related to the use of the object. 



The spearhead is a string loop type, which suggests later middle Bronze Age to early late Bronze Age date. Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. Acton Park II industry. Similar examples are recorded on the PAS database, see for example LVPL-68BF43 and SWYOR-CE9339.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.3,,,,48.86,1,William Pickering,William Pickering,North West,Cumbria,Eden,Kaber,NY8011,,54.493933,-2.3102816,DUR-CCF592,,DURCCF592.jpg,Socketed Spearhead,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DURCCF592.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/511179.jpg
647904,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of the blade of a Bronze Age rapier, both ends broken. Extant length, width and thickness 23, 17.5 and 4.3mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Within 20m of grid reference.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-15T23:00:00Z,2014-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,,,,4.3,23,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,TF7004,GPS (from the finder),52.60717896,0.50911774,NMS-0A34CB,,18849_0A34CB_LBA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age rapier. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/18849_0A34CB_LBA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573256.jpg
648134,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete cutting edge of a Bronze Age copper alloy axe. No part of the socket is present but the steepness of the rise from the cutting edges suggests Late Bronze Age socketed axe. The break is ancient. Extant length, width and thickness 23.2, 45.6 and 13mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-15T23:00:00Z,2014-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,,,,13,23.2,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TG1003,GPS (from the finder),52.58422875,1.09835164,NMS-0F1612,,60195_0F1612_LBA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/60195_0F1612_LBA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573326.jpg
648135,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"A fragment of a Middle Bronze Age cast copper-alloy socketed spearhead, c. 1600 BC -1001 BC. The fragment is broadly lanceolate (or leaf-shaped) in plan and has a lozenge-section midrib which tapers towards the tip, now missing. The outer edgesof the flanking wing bladeshave suffered damage. The upper portion of the circular-sectioned hollow socket is intact, where it meets with the spear tip and the sub-conical aperture created by the socket runs almost all of the way upwards into the remaining tip fragment, measuring 39.1 mm in length. The broken edge of the tip itself is solid cast, indicating that the missing portion would have also been solid cast. The spearhead measures 48.06 mm long, 19.82 mm wide (at wing blades), 11.09 mm thick, with a 9.38 mm external socket diameter and an approximate 7 mm internal socket diameter; it weighs 16.06 grams.","
This object has been assessed with the assistant of FLO Peter Reavill, who specialises in Bronze Age objects.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-03-16T00:00:00Z,,,,16.06,,9.38,11.09,48.06,1,Stephanie Smith,Stephanie Smith,South East,East Sussex,Lewes,St. Ann (Without),TQ3708,From finder,50.85529636,-0.05498599,SUSS-0F21A9,,SUSS0F21A9.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Socketed Spearhead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS0F21A9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/505260.jpg
648323,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged two-edged knife, both ends broken and all edges missing. Most of the damage is recent. There is a broad mid-rib on both faces of  the blade. Extant length 55.2mm. Width 15.3mm. Thickness 2.8mm. Weight 8.76g.  c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-15T23:00:00Z,2014-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,8.76,,,2.8,55.2,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Morley,TG0600,GPS (from the finder),52.55882614,1.03753625,NMS-22834C,,29927_22834C_LBA_Knife_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age knife. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/29927_22834C_LBA_Knife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573270.jpg
648331,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-750,"A fragment from the upper socket or mouth of a cast copper alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date (c. 1200-750 BC). The fragment represents a small area of the upper socket of an area below the moulded mouth. It is irregular in plan and profile being broadly L shaped in cross section. There are no other features present, such as decorative ribs. The metal is a mid green colour with an abraded and corroded surface patina. It is difficult to parallel fragment of axes as they lack the relevant diagnostic markers to be sure of a positive identification.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-30T23:00:00Z,2014-08-07T23:00:00Z,,,30.2,9.46,,3.8,40.3,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Lockinge,SU4290,From a paper map,51.60727559,-1.39491003,BERK-22A7BA,,2014465.jpg,Bronze Age axe: Socketed axe fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2014465.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/492093.jpg
648524,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"An incomplete cast socketed Spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age, circa 1600 BC - 1000 BC.



The spear has a lozenge shaped cross- section with a high mid-rib which tapers towards from the tip toward the break. The socket is conical and incomplete with part of the reverse section being broken (presumably in antiquity). The surviving socket depth is 27.1 mm. The socket has a circular external as well as internal section. The inner, hollow, part of the socket shows evidence of mineralised wood. The blade extends at the head of the socket and the overal shape is lost due to abrasion all that remains are shallow crescentic fragments. There is no evidence of side loops, although these may well have been lost through movement in the soil. It is further possible that the socket may have had a circular peg hole - but again this is also lost due to the significant damage. The fragment has a well developed brown patina, there is also a small section of brass coloured bare metal evident at the very tip of the object.



Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail.



The Spearhead measures 97.7 mm long, 17 mm wide, is 9.1 mm thick and weighs 24.9 grams.



The fragment is probably too damaged to be specifically attributed to a specific type - however it shares many attributes of the side looped spearheads (of the Acton Park II phase / assemblage) of the Middle Bronze Age as we as that of the pegged spearheads (Penard phases) of the early Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-31T23:00:00Z,2014-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,24.9,,,9.1,97.7,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Wigginton and Hopwas,SK1705,Centred on parish,52.64247843,-1.75019849,WMID-34BFC7,,WMID-34BFC7.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Probable Side looped Spearhead ,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID-34BFC7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/492230.jpg
648642,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A possible fragment of the blade of a Bronze Age palstave or axehead. The fragment is triangular in shape and in cross section, narrowing towards the cutting edge (from 4.65mm thick at the break to 1.15mm thick at the cutting edge. The fragment is 20.75mm in length, 9.85mm wide and 4.65mm thick. It weighs 2.57 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-12T00:00:00Z,,,,2.57,,,4.65,20.75,1,Richard Henry,Claire Goodey,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Rockbourne,SU0919,From finder,50.97034799,-1.87319787,WILT-371311,,WILT-371311.jpg,Bronze Age palstave or axe fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-371311.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/493314.jpg
648679,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1700,"A fragment of a Bronze Age axe head, possibly the tip from a flat axe of later Early Bronze Age date (c. 2200 - 1700 BC) . The fragment consists only of the curved blade tip; although little survives the curviture and thickness of the axe head does suggest that this was part of a flat axe, possibly a developed flat axe which would have narrowed behind the curved blade with hammer raised flanges lower doen the axehead. See SUSS-4D7454 for a complete example. The axehead is sub-triangular in plan with a thick crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid with tapering edges.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-01T23:00:00Z,,,,41.2,,,7.2,57,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Winterbourne,SU4674,From a paper map,51.46311088,-1.33923878,BERK-380696,,2014475.jpg,Bronze Age Axe: Flat axehead fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2014475.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/492680.jpg
648812,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1800,-1600,"A copper alloy early Bronze Age (c.1800-c.1600 BC) flanged axehead. The axehead measures c.130mm long and c.75mm wide. The blade is roughly semi-circular in shape and the shaft and butt form a broadly rectangular shape. The axhead has raised flanges along its long edges. There is a trace of a slight transverse ridge across the face of the centre of the axehead which may have been designed to prevent the axe from splitting the handle. The axe appears quite worn and the surface, especially of the blade, is pitted.","
This record was created using a photograph sent by finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-10-04T23:00:00Z,,,,353,,,,130,1,Alastair Willis,Alastair Willis,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Kirton in Lindsey,SK9398,GPS (from the finder),53.47053187,-0.60041269,WILT-4A155B,,WILT-4A155B.jpg,Bronze Age Flanged Axehead,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/WILT-4A155B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/493614.jpg
648821,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy spearhead. Small cast socketed spearhead with a rounded end to its trapezoidal blade, of length 35.2mm and of thin lentoid section, which has blunt cutting edges of length 32mm. The base of the blade has an abrupt inswing, forming a slightly oblique angle with the cutting edges, though its angles are rounded like the tip. The narrow tapering socket appears to have been solid where it meets the blade, and its hollow extent was measured as only 20mm in length from its mouth, albeit without aggressive investigation. The socket, of total length 30mm, tapers from a maximum external diameter of 9.3mm at its mouth to 5.9mm where it meets the blade. The thickness of the wall of the socket is 2mm, so this could accommodate a shaft of only c.5mm diameter. The mouth of the socket is chipped on one side. The blade is now bent slightly out of alignment with the socket.



The finder identifies this object as an arrowhead, though metal arrowheads of the Bronze Age have always been scarce. Evans (1881, pages 317-318) was aware of two Irish points which might have tipped a dart or javelin, and could cite a further five possible examples from the rest of the United Kingdom. None appear in Davey's 1970 survey of Bronze Age metalwork from Lincolnshire. The points and edges of this object are uniformly rounded, and all seem to have less potential to cut or pierce than the metal at the mouth of the socket. This suggests that the blunted blade is a deliberately formed feature, as both blade and socket would have been equally exposed to post-depositional wear or abrasion. The weight also exceeds that of arrowheads found practical by experimental researchers and re-enactors investigating the properties of arrowheads from the Mediterranean and the Near East. Dot Boughton has kindly solicited further comment on this object from Richard Davis,whose observations appear in the notes below. Inter alia, these confirm that a ritual or symbolic function may be suggested, particularly in the light of its small size and blunt point.



The rarity of this object class commends this as a find of note.



Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800 BC.



Length: 69.2mm, Width: 19.2mm, Diameter (mouth of socket): c.9mm, Thickness (base of blade): 4.8mm, Weight: 19.61gms.","This object has the appearance of a Bronze Age spearhead. It has a number of unusual attributes:- 1. The blade had a very low, wide base. I have identified a group of British pegged spearheads as ""Wide blade base"", but none exactly match this one. There are a number of side looped, ogival bladed spearheads from the MBA with a blade base like this. There are also some Dutch pegged spearheads from the MBA/LBA with a similar wide blade base. 2. Overall length at 69 mm is very short. I have recorded only 12 LBA spearheads with a length shorter than this. 3. Socket mouth opening is extremely narrow at 5 mm. I have not come across any spearheads with such a narrow opening. 4. Depth of socket aperture at roughly half the socket length below the blade is not matched elsewhere. The shortest is up to the blade/socket junction. However, it is possible that the socket is blocked by debris which is a relatively common occurrence. This can be checked by a probe. Some replicas of BA spearheads, made in the modern era, have a drilled socket aperture that is of this length, as compared to the BA technology of casting the socket aperture in the mould. 5. Socket narrows as it approaches the blade base. There is an LBA group of 31 spearheads with this attribute. 6. No pegholes or loops on the socket. This is a rare occurrence, but has been found in a few MBA and LBA British spearheads. 7. The rounded/blunt tip is a relatively common attribute in British MBA and LBA spearheads. From the photograph, the condition of the metal appears consistent with deposition in the BA, but inspection of the actual object may give greater clarification. The key attribute that gives a problem in identification is the narrowness of the socket mouth opening. It would not hold a wooden shaft strong enough for normal use as a spearhead. I suppose it could function as a throwing spear, but there are no such parallels in Britain. I do not know much about bronze arrowheads: they are very rare in Britain, and the ones that I have seen are tanged. One explanation may be that it is a miniature for ritual use. The unsharpened blade and rounded tip support this. I have seen axeheads that are miniature versions of regular axehead types, and they are interpreted as being used in ritual deposition. There is a miniature flat axe from King's Bromley, Staffs, that is 68 mm in length.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-10-02T23:00:00Z,,,,19.61,,9,4.8,69.2,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Alkborough,SE8921,GPS (from the finder),53.67789615,-0.65410751,NLM-4A4F79,,NLM26823a.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM26823a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1137149.jpg
648824,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"Copper alloy possible spearhead fragment. Fragment of a cast slightly tapering cylindrical object, of estimated original diameter c.40mm, interpreted by this reporter as from the socket of a spearhead. The thickness diminishes at the mouth of a putative socket; other edges are broken, and smoothed by subsequent wear. The outer convex surface is dark, while the inner surface appears paler and retains traces of orange soil. Suggested date: Middle to Late Bronze Age, 1200-800 BC.



Estimated diameter: 40mm, Length: 29.4mm, Thickness: 2.0mm, Weight: 12.27gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-10-04T23:00:00Z,,,,12.27,,40,2,29.4,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9317,GPS (from the finder),53.64125878,-0.59476717,NLM-4A5B67,,NLM26824a.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM26824a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1137150.jpg
649139,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-800,"A Bronze Age (2350 BC-801 BC) copper awl with an oval centre divider, flat to one side with a square-section projection c.44mm in length, bent towards one end. The measurements are 5.84x6.40mm to 2.52x0.80mm. The other end is a conical-shaped spike c.16mm long, 8.5mm diameter and narrowing to a point. The patina is mostly missing but dark green and smooth where it survives. Beneath, the metal is a bluey/green.","
This find was recorded at a rally and therefore the identification and photograph may not be of our usual standard.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,,"Andover Anton Rotary Club Charity Metal Detecting Rally, Penton Mewsey (1/09/13)",9.49,,,,63.9,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Penton Mewsey,SU3448,Generated from computer mapping software,51.23018082,-1.5144417,HAMP-5F847D,,HAMP-5F847D.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/arwenjames/HAMP-5F847D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/492676.jpg
649141,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"Early Bronze Age bronze Flat Axe of Type Migdale (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-44)[1], or Class 3C Type Harlyn Bay (following Needham 1983; forthcoming) of Metalworking Assemblage III, corresponding to Needham's (1996)[2] Period 2 -3 and probably dating to c. 2,200 - 1,900BC.



The axe is complete, with some surface damage (with a length of 139.7mm and a weight of 397.4g). The asymmetrical butt is very thin and 'edge-like' and is rounded (with a width of 30.6mm). The sides are straight and divergent to just above the midpoint (c. 60mm from the butt), after which the sides are concave and divergent to produce a moderately rounded blade edge (with a width of 80.6mm). The midsection of the blade edge is comparatively straight, possibly through use. The sides are slightly rounded across their thickness. The axe faces are both convex, producing a lentoid body profile, with no evidence of a blade facet. The surface is corroded and heavily-pitted with remnant patches of dark-brown patina. There is no evidence to suggest surface decoration on the remnants of surviving surface.



Analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the axe and was carried out[3] using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM) fitted with an Oxford Instruments energy dispersive X-ray detector and INCA spectrometer (EDS). Operating conditions employed a 30o take-off angle, a 20kV accelerating voltage, and the samples were analysed for 100 seconds livetime with a beam current which yielded a count rate of c.4000 counts per second when on a metallic cobalt standard. The results show the metal composition is a tin-bronze alloy (with mean readings of copper: 85.86% and tin: 10.98%), with a significant trace of arsenic (with a mean reading of 2.67%) and traces of lead (with a mean reading of 0.44%). It is difficult to match this composition to Northover's (1980, p 229-243 )[4] Early Bronze Age metal groups.



The generalised form of this bronze axe is thin butted with gradually diverging sides to a comparatively wide blade edge. The axe has no developed features seen on later axes and therefore is likely to be of Type Migdale dating to c. 2,200 - 1,900BC.



[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[3] By Mary Davis; A&N Senior Conservator, Amgueddfa Cymru



[4] Northover, J.P.; 1980; The Analysis Of Welsh Bronze Age Metalwork; Appendix in H.N. Savory, A Guide Collection of the Bronze Age Collections; National Museum of Wales","Class 3C axes are known from across southern Britain, though are relatively rare in Wales, with only two others known: one from Llanddarog, Carmarthenshire (Savory 1962) and one from ""West Wales"" (Northover unpublished).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,397.4,,,,139.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanarth,SO4009,From finder,51.77643694,-2.87105051,NMGW-5F8955,,2013.146jpg.jpg,Early Bronze Age bronze Flat Axe of Type Migdale ,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.146jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/492679.jpg
649207,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-500,"Late Bronze Age socketed sickle of Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking, corresponding to Needham's (1996)[1] Periods 7 - 8, dated to 950 - 500BC.



The sickle is fragmentary, represented by the incomplete socket and beginning of the blade (with a surviving length of 30.2mm and a weight of 18.1g). The socket is oval and is basal edge is undamaged (24.6mm long and 11.7mm wide, with internal dimensions of 23.1mm x 18-19mm). The socket is cast (1.3mm thick) without a visible casting seam and the side without the blade is straight. The top of the socket is damaged and has been slightly distorted (with internal dimensions 12.4mm x 7 - 9mm). The socket is perforated with two pairs of holes to accommodate the missing attachment rivets. The pair of holes near the apex have a slightly larger diameter (at 5.0mm - 6.0mm compared to the lower holes at 4.7mm - 5.5mm) and the pairs are not now directly opposite each other, probably because of distortion in the socket. The beginning of the blade springs from the side of the socket laterally, defining it as of Fox's (1939)[2] Group I socketed sickles. The small fragment of the surviving blade has clear evidence for a midrib. The blade is of lentoid, or pointed-oval section (23.5mm long and 5.6mm thick) and the top of the blade would have been below the top of the socket. There is no definite evidence for a rib on the short blade fragment surviving. The surface has a black patina with areas of brown stripped and corroded surface.



Although fragmentary, there appears to be enough of the sickle to identify it as a socketed type of Fox's Group I and was likely to be of Late Bronze Age to Earliest Iron Age date, c. 1100 BC - 600BC. In Wales, sickles have been found associated with Ewart Park and Llyn Fawr assemblages within South-East Wales and probable tanged examples are represented in the Llantwit Major (Vale of Glamorgan) and Glascoed (Monmouthshire) hoards, both of Ewart Park metalworking and socketed examples in the Cardiff and Llyn Fawr (Rhondda Cynon Taff) hoards both of Llyn Fawr metalworking. This example appears to be a westerly outlier of the South-Welsh examples. Fox (ibid) demonstrated that sickles have a largely Irish distribution with a spread in Scotland and within England sickles are concentrated in the Thames Valley and in East Anglia. The few examples recorded by PAS to date, also have a largely eastern British distribution, with western examples of tanged form from Gloucestershire[3] and Somerset[4] and a sickle blade[5] from Rossett, Wrexham. Since the blade of this example ends before the top of the socket, the sickle may have been of open or closed, flat-topped form, which Fox (ibid.) suggests have an earlier date in the Group I sequence. Savory (1980, p 56)[6] stated that earlier stages of socketed sickles were not represented in Wales but it is possible to suggest that this example may represent the first. Few recorded socketed sickles have two rivet holes or have the rivet holes positioned adjacent to the blade.



[1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[2] Fox, C., 1939; The Socketed Bronze Sickles of the British Isles; with special reference to an unpublished specimen from Norwich; Proceedings of The Prehistoric Society 5, 222 - 248



[3] GLO-D4D0A6



[4] GLO-32DD84



[5] HESH-199F11



[6] Savory, H.; 1980; A Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections; National Museum of Wales",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.1,,,,30.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Sketty,SS6390,From finder,51.59214348,-3.97911853,NMGW-61B893,,2013.178.1jpg.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed sickle of Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.178.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/492741.jpg
649256,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed gouge, possibly of Ewart Park metalworking, corresponding to Needham's (1996)[1] Period 7, and dated to c. 950 - 750BC



The socketed gouge is incomplete, missing the mouth (with a surviving length of 41.4mm and a weight of 18.6g). The socket is oval at the break (with maximum surviving external dimensions of 15.0mm x 10.7mm and 11.3mm x 8.5mm internal) with no mouth mouldings present on the incomplete socket. Beneath the break is the beginning of groove, of V-shaped profile near the top and becoming U-shaped towards the blade. The sides of the gouge are straight and parallel (producing a blade width also of 15.0). The casting seams are no longer evident on either side. The blade comprises a shallow U-shaped depression and is evident below the break (39.2mm from the blade edge). The blade edge has moderate damage and is not significantly expanded. Linear striations are evident running along the groove. The surface has a dark brown patina with patches of a dark-green patina.



The missing mouth makes typological identification difficult, Savory (1980, p 55)[2] suggests that the earliest socketed gouges such as those that occur in the Guilsfield hoard have multiple mouth mouldings, whereas later gouges tend to have a broad flat collar.



[1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[2] Savory H.N. 1980, Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, National Museum of Wales",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.6,,,,41.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,St. Ishmael,SN3608,From finder,51.74662995,-4.3770124,NMGW-62C84F,,2013.181.1jpg.jpg,"Late Bronze Age socketed gouge, possibly of Ewart Park metalworking",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.181.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/492769.jpg
649957,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"
Cast copper alloy spear head fragment.  Only the middle of the spearhead remains just above the socket, both the tip and the socket have been truncated and only one the blade remain. However, surviving sections suggest this was probably originally leaf shaped with a large central spine flanked by thinner blades. 
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-30T23:00:00Z,2014-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,15.63,,,8,34,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Tickenham,ST4672,From finder,51.44440238,-2.77838269,GLO-C6F5C4,,GLOC6F5C4.jpg,GLO-C6F5C4 Bronze Age spear head,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOC6F5C4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/493273.jpg
650054,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed spearhead, of Middle Bronze Age dating (1500 BC to 1150 BC).



Around 50% of the spearhead is present, consisting of the head and most of the blades. The spearhead is sub triangular in shape. The socket is incomplete, presumed damaged in antiquity. The remains of the socket is circular, and extends 20.7 mm into the spearhead. The blades were probably originally triangular in shape. One appears to be complete, the other is damaged. The complete blade measures 61.9 mm in length, has a maximum width of 6.6 mm and the blade edge is 1.7 mm thick.



The spearhead measures 68.6 mm in length, 19.4 mm wide and 10.9 mm thick. The width at the tip is 3.1 mm and it is 2.7 mm thick. It weighs 15.1 g.



The spearhead is a mid brown colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-30T23:00:00Z,2014-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,15.1,,,10.9,68.6,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Harlaston,SK2110,Centred on field,52.68728693,-1.69076807,WMID-C937AF,,WMID-C937AF.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete socketed spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID-C937AF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/493427.jpg
650288,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,-600,"
A Late Bronze Age/Earliest Iron Age complete cast copper alloy socketed axehead of South-Eastern (LBA) or Sompting (EIA) type, of the Ewart Park/Llyn Fawr metalworking tradition. The axehead is wedge-shaped with a square socket at the haft end. Internally the socket tapers and narrows from the mouth to the cutting edge. Externally the axehead expands gently along the body before a very slightly wider flare to the curved but now damaged cutting edge. There is a wide circumferential raised mouth moulding at the socket, with a second much narrower moulding below. To one side of the mouth, just below the wide moulding and interrupting the narrower ridge, a side loop is present with D-shaped cross-section. Casting flashes remain on both sides of the axehead, including on the loop. Both faces of the axehead are decorated with three long narrow ribs, similar in dimensions to the narrower mouth moulding. Much of the surface of the axehead is missing, including the ends of all six ribs.
","
Finder/recorder name obfuscated and shown as Kent FLO for site security
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-10-17T23:00:00Z,,,,275.4,,,43,116,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Ashford,Wye with Hinxhill,TR0443,,51.1498912,0.91545159,PUBLIC-CEED5D,,PUBLICCEED5D.jpg,Socketted Axe head,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/PUBLICCEED5D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1101446.jpg
651181,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"Bronze Age sword blade fragment of uncertain type, probably of Late Bronze Age date, possibly of Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking Industry of Needham's (1996)[1] Periods 4-5, dated to c. 1150 - 750BC.



The sword is fragmentary, represented by a blade fragment, broken at both ends in antiquity (with a surviving length of 42.2mm and a weight of 22.7g). The blade has no clearly defined midrib but has near straight faces gradually diverging towards the rounded central ridge (giving a consistent thickness of 5.7mm) of lenticular section. Both blade edges have been lost and only a very small piece of edge faceting is now evident (with a maximum surviving blade width of 26.7mm). The short blade fragment is flat across its length with no evidence of bending prior to breaking. There appear to be numerous striations running along the blade probably resulting from sharpening. The surface has a dark green patina preserved over much of the fragment with a silver sheen, probably from surface enrichment of tin and with areas of bright green corrosion at the periphery.



The fragmentary nature of the blade, lacking diagnostic features makes typological identification difficult. The comparatively slender form of the blade may suggest its derived from near the tip. Although swords have origins in the later part of the Middle Bronze Age of Taunton and Penard Metalworking Industries, occurrences of the types are comparatively unusual and leaf-shaped swords of Late Bronze Age date tend to be more commonly recovered.



[1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,22.7,,,5.7,42.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanarth,SO4009,From finder,51.77643694,-2.87105051,NMGW-35639F,,2013.97jpg.jpg,Bronze Age sword blade fragment of uncertain type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.97jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/494074.jpg
651318,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed tool fragment, probably an axe mouth fragment



The tool is fragmentary, represented by a mouth fragment (with a surviving length of 22.6mm, a surviving width of 20.6mm and a weight of 6.0g). The mouth is near-straight for most of its length but appears to be turning at the break on one side. There is a prominent collar moulding, thickest at the mouth (at 4.0mm thick and 7.9mm long) and there is no surviving evidence for a casting stub on the mouth. There are no ribs present on the fragment. One side has an irregular break, while the other side, with the suggested turn, has a comparatively straight break. The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted.



The fragment has few diagnostic features and is difficult to identify confidently. The most frequently recovered socketed tools with mouth mouldings are axes of Late Bronze Age date. However, it is worth stating that the provenance of this find has so far produced an atypical signature of Late Bronze Age artefact types.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6,,,,22.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,,SS6390,From finder,51.59214348,-3.97911853,NMGW-4675A9,,2013.201.2jpg.jpg,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed tool fragment, probably an axe mouth fragment",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.201.2jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/494166.jpg
651327,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"Socketed bronze hammer probably of Late Bronze Age date (c. 1150 - 700BC)



The hammer is fragmentary, broken across its width and is represented by just under half of the original (with a surviving width of 23mm and a weight of 40.9g). The whole length of the hammer is represented on the side (with a length of 52.2mm). The mouth suggests a square or rectangular body section (with external surviving dimensions of 22.3mm x 16.3mm and with an internal width of 16.7mm) and had a simple moulding (5-6mm long), now worn. There is no surviving evidence for casting runner stubs on the mouth (with a maximum surviving thickness of 4.7mm). The side and faces have a concave slope from the mouth, becoming parallel near the end (with a width of 13.3mm). It is possible to tentatively suggest the presence of a casting seam on the side. No decoration is evident on the fragment. The interior of the socket is roughly-cast and the base of the socket is not obvious (probably a base thickness of 6-7mm and socket depth of 46mm). The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted with a bronze-brown colour.



Socketed hammers are comparatively unusual discoveries, the quadrangular form of this example is more typical of examples sometimes associated with Late Bronze Age, Ewart Park metalwork, although early hammers have been found associated with metalwork dating to the end of the Middle Bronze Age. Two other hammers are recorded from Wales at present, both from North Wales; one from the Bronze Age occupation soil behind the rampart of the hillfort at the Breiddin (D.G. Coombs 1991 in Musson ed., mo. 139, 3 133-4)[1], the Breiddin hammer is sub-quadrangular in form and is expanded at the working platform. The other known example is an unpublished, example from Burton, Wrexham (Gwilt pers comm.) and is more rounded in form. Hammers often have a higher tin content in the bronze (Coombs ibid.; Evans; 1881[2]) compared to contemporary axes, it has not been possible to metallurgically analyse this example at present.



[1] Musson, C. R.; 1991; The Breiddin Hillfort: A later prehistoric settlement in the Welsh Marches;



CBA Research Report No 76



[2] Evans, J., 1881; The ancient bronze implements, weapons, and ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,40.9,,,,52.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Sketty,SS6390,From finder,51.59214348,-3.97911853,NMGW-46A3A3,,2013.201.1jpg.jpg,Socketed bronze hammer probably of Late Bronze Age date ,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.201.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/494178.jpg
651363,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,"Late Bronze Age socketed tool, probably a hammer of c. 1200 - 700BC



The tool is near-complete with some peripheral damage and is very-heavily corroded and pitted (with a length of 61.6mm and a weight of 99.4g). The mouth is rectangular (29.2mm long and 19.4mm wide) and of variable thickness, with one side edge (6.7mm thick) being considerably thicker than the other side (5.0mm thick) or either face (4mm thick). The socket is also rectangular (8.1mm x 10.9mm and 40.5mm deep). There was a mouth moulding (7mm long), which appears to have been a simple collar but is poorly preserved. The sides are near-straight or gently concave, expanding slightly to the hammer platform (with a minimum width of 25mm and a blade platform width of 27.1mm). The sides appear to have been near-straight perhaps slightly convex across their width, producing a consistent sub-rectangular body section. The face were decorated with two ribs, converging to a single central rib in a Y-shaped device (29mm long). The hammer platform is rounded and is convex across both its length and thickness (with a thickness of 11mm). The surface is poorly preserved with remnant traces of mid-green patina surviving in protected areas in the socket and between the ribs. There are some areas of bright-green corrosion on the surface.



Bronze Age socketed hammers are not frequently reported, with 26 reported examples to PAS at the time of writing. The quadrangular form of this example is more typical of examples sometimes associated with Late Bronze Age, Ewart Park metalwork, although early hammers have been found associated with metalwork dating to the end of the Middle Bronze Age. The decorative Y motif is also unusual and difficult to parallel but may be seen as a variation of the trident motif, sometimes seen on palstave axes or converging ribs, seen on socketed axes. Hammers often have a higher tin content in the bronze (Coombs ibid.; Evans; 1881[1]) compared to contemporary axes, it has not been possible to metallurgically analyse this example at present but the weight would may suggest a high proportion of lead, rather than tin.



[1] Evans, J., 1881; The ancient bronze implements, weapons, and ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,99.4,,,,61.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Powys,Powys,Brecon,SO0528,From finder,51.94236141,-3.38344557,NMGW-475C27,,2013.206.1jpg.jpg,"Late Bronze Age socketed tool, probably a hammer",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.206.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/494208.jpg
651959,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-800,"A bent and incomplete middle to late Bronze-age blade (c.1500-801 BC) possibly a dirk or rapier . It is broadly triangular in shape and is pointed oval in cross section. The blade widens near the top just underneath where the blade has been deliberately bent and broken. It tapers from a width of 22.5mm at the bent end to the tip where it measures 5.50mm. The right side of the blade is particularly worn and abraded and there is a semi-circular notch missing from just underneath where it reaches its widest point. Where the blade has been deliberately bent it begins to narrow to a width of 19.50mm. The surface of the blade has a dark green patina and is pitted and scored all over.



The blade measures 76.65mm in length by 22.50mm maximum width and is 5.05mm thick.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,24.32,,,5.05,76.65,1,Zoe Cavendish,Zoe Cavendish,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,,51.01537053,-1.95860828,WILT-608543,,WILT-608543.jpg,Bronze Age rapier fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-608543.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/496742.jpg
652082,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1600,-1100,"
Copper alloy socketed spearhead that dates to the middle Bronze Age. The blade of the spearhead is leaf/lozenge-shaped with blades that gently angle inwards from an expanded midsection. Running down the centre of the blades is a triangular cross-section spine on both sides. Towards the edge of one blade, in the middle where it is at its widest point, is a drilled hole, this hole has been drilled from both directions, resulting in it having an hour-glass shape profile. The socket has a circular cross-section and expands from the base of the blades Some of the lower portion or the socket ostruncated, although remains of the rivet holes are still visible towards the base.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-11-01T00:00:00Z,2014-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,18.5,,,9,77,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Weston under Penyard,SO6423,From finder,51.90436815,-2.52467389,GLO-721365,,GLO721365.jpg,GLO-721365 Bronze Age Speadhead,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO721365.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/494645.jpg
652145,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-600,"
A symmetrical blade tip from a copper alloy knife blade of Bronze Age date. The blade is probably of Late Bronze Age date but there is too little to define it closer.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.39,,,1.84,23.26,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,,Surrey,Mole Valley,Brockham,TQ1950,From finder,51.23678189,-0.29679688,SUR-744AC6,,14-1243.JPG,Bronze age: Knife,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/14-1243.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/497304.jpg
652294,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1100,"A Middle to Late Bronze Age socketed axe. It has a rounded sub-rectangular opening with a prounced lip. The body is decorated with three horizontal ribs. The blade flared, but the cutting edge is rather narrow, suggesting that it has been reground several times. A side loop is located close to the socket on one side. A casting seam is also visible down the centre of the sides.



This axe was found in the early 1900s in the Bardney/Barlings area. No further details exist. This record was created using photographs supplied by a family member of the finder.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,,,,,,,,,85,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Barlings,,,,,LIN-87F4F5,,LIN-87F4F5_front.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN-87F4F5_front.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/494796.jpg
652729,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe, probably of South Wales (Stogursey Type) and of Ewart Park metalworking industry, of Needham's (1996)[1] period 7, dated to c. 950 - 750BC



The axe is fragmentary, broken across both its width and length (with a maximum surviving length of 45.0mm, a maximum surviving thickness of 13.5mm and a weight of 53.1g). The one surviving side on the axe is concave, flaring to the blade tip. The casting seam is prominent and raised but has been neatly finished by hammering (with a thickness at the side of 5.4mm). The sides are angled towards the casting seam and would have produced a sub-hexagonal body section. The axe fragment is widest at the blade (with a surviving maximum blade width of 33.6mm). The blade edge has a moderate curve and appears damaged and blunted, presumably by repeated impacts. The basal parts of three converging ribs are discernible on the more complete face, where the face appears to have been pounded repeatedly (with a thickness of 5.4mm). The base of the socket is evident on the interior (with a maximum surviving depth of 24.2mm). Sharpening striations are evident running along the blade on both faces. The surface has a dark-green patina with patches of pale-green corrosion.



The fragmentary state of the axe makes a confident identification difficult but the surviving features of the axe are consistent with the South Wales type. The damage patterns on the axe may suggest deliberate damage to the axe prior to deposition.



[1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,53.1,,,13.5,45,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Wenvoe,ST1072,From finder,51.43981874,-3.29626369,NMGW-C9AC4E,,2013.165jpg.jpg,"Bronze Age socketed axe , probably of South Wales and of Ewart Park metalworking industry",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.165jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/495118.jpg
652748,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A copper alloy blade fragment, probably a double-edged razor dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age, about 2,150 BC - 1,500 BC. The fragment is roughly leaf-shaped with a pointed oval (or flat diamond-shaped) cross-section. The outside edges are very wavy and ragged and there does not appear to be a socket, instead being tanged, though this has broken off. The sides appear to curve inwards towards the tang. There is no decoration on the surface. A smooth mid green patina survives in places but mud adhereing to the faces obscures much of the surface. The break is not as patiated as the rest of the object. The probable razor is 53.52mm long, 19.26mm wide and 4.4mm thick. It is 2.4mm thick at tip. 12.77g. Compare SF5067 and SWYOR-A48EE1 which is from the neighbouring parish.



Peter Reavill comments that Double edged razors have a distribution which was ""Widespread across Britain and Ireland, particularly in the Midlands, Yorkshire, Wessex and the Thames area."" He goes on to cite The PAS Bronze Age Guide by Ben Roberts, that: ""The term double-edged razor covers three broad types of the same implement; those that were handled, [those] with a pierced tang, and [those] with a non-pierced tang. Representing the earliest form of copper-alloy razor, these varied in shape, starting initially with the handled examples which resembled spearheads (i.e. elongated triangular-edges, with one or two rivet holes at the base for affixing a handle. The tanged varieties were more leaf shaped, echoing the styles that came afterwards. The overall shape and size of these razors varied slightly across different regions of continental Europe, resulting in many different typologies and sub-categories.""",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-31T23:00:00Z,2014-09-10T23:00:00Z,,,12.77,,,4.4,53.52,1,Peter Reavill,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Wadworth,SK5696,From finder,53.45778377,-1.15808943,SWYOR-CA128E,,PAS_2364_spear.jpg,Bronze Age blade,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2364_spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/495127.jpg
652992,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1200,"Bronze Age socketed spearhead, possibly of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1600 - 1200BC



The spearhead is fragmentary, represented by a median fragment (with a surviving length of 47.7mm and a weight of 9.4g). The mouth of the socket is missing (with a surviving depth of 31.4mm) and is open on one face but appears to have been of sub-circular to oval (with a maximum surviving internal diameter of 8mm). The socket defines a prominent midrib on the more complete face (giving a maximum surviving thickness of 7.5mm). On either side of the midrib, the beginnings of the blade are evident but are heavily truncated (with a maximum surviving width of 13.3mm). There is the suggestion that the blade edges begin just above the break and if correct, implies a spearhead of comparatively small size. The tip is missing and the spearhead is of pointed oval section at the break (8.8mm wide and 4.3mm thick). The surface is heavily-corroded but remnant traces of a dark brown patina survive on the side of the midrib and displays filing or sharpening striations running along the blade.



The fragmentary aspect and poor preservation of the artefact makes any identification difficult, the general form however is consistent with Middle Bronze Age spearheads and the suggested scale may tentatively suggest a spearhead of side-looped type and of Acton Park metalworking, dating to c. 1600 - 1400BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.4,,,,47.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llancarfan,ST0770,From finder,51.42135531,-3.33888791,NMGW-DD80BC,,2013.195.1jpg.jpg,"Bronze Age socketed spearhead, possibly of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1600 – 1200BC",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.195.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/495233.jpg
653044,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,,,"Possible blade fragment of Bronze Age date



The blade is fragmentary (with a surviving length of 24.7mm and a weight of 5.1 g) and appears to represent a fragment from the apex of the blade and beginning of the hilt. The suggested hilt part is wider and marginally thinner (with a maximum surviving width of 22.8mm and a thickness of 2.0mm). The blade edge does not survive on either side (with a minimum surviving width of 15.5mm, where it has a thickness of 2.8mm). A sub-circular notch may possibly be the remains of a rivet attachment hole.  However, only one face only has a midrib (12mm wide), the other face is flat and featureless. The surface is poorly preserved with remnants of a dark-brown patina, consistent with Bronze Age metalwork from the area; elsewhere the surface has a grey-green corrosion.





The fragmented and corroded state make any identification tentative; the form is consistent with Bronze Age blades, possibly reworked although one flat side is difficult to understand but may relate to its reworking.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.1,,,2,24.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llancarfan,ST0770,From finder,51.42135531,-3.33888791,NMGW-DE801C,,2013.195.2jpg.jpg,Possible blade fragment of Bronze Age date,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.195.2jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/495289.jpg
653444,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1400,-1300,"A cast copper alloy flanged axe probably dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1400-1300BC. Probably Metalwork Stage IX, Needham Period 5; Taunton metalwork assemblage. The axe is complete. It has high triangular flanges which form a diamond when viewed from the side. It has just a slight thickening in place of a stop ridge and only a hint of a shield pattern on the haft end of the blade, on both faces. The blade is splayed but the tips of the cutting edge are damaged. There is a slight facet along the cutting edge on both faces. There is no visible decoration. The axe has a smooth brown patina with some pitting, and patches of green lumpy corrosion, particularly at the butt end which is damaged. The sides are parallel. The axe is 153mm long, 62mm wide and 43mm thick. 467g. Winged axes are more common in Northern England in the Taunton Metalwork assemblage. Compare LANCUM-2CCF05, DOR-5D7F46 and LANCUM-DA764C.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Agricultural or drainage work,1976-01-01T00:00:00Z,1976-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,467,,,43,153,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Norton,SE5415,Centred on parish,53.62875337,-1.18493388,SWYOR-036213,,Don_1004_axe.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/Don_1004_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/495618.jpg
653445,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1100,"Middle Bronze Age bronze spearhead of side-looped type, falling within Davis' (2012) Group 6 (Developed side-looped). 



The spearhead is near-complete, with some peripheral damage, missing some of the mouth and one of the side loops (with a length of 110.7mm) and the socket retains the deposit (giving a weight of 53.5g). The mouth is sub-circular (with a diameter of 18.5mm - 19.8mm) and the rim has a subtle bevel. The loops were flat-topped and oval (18-19mm long, 6mm wide and 2mm high), positioned approximately halfway between the mouth and start of the blade (14-16mm from the mouth and 12-13mm from the start of the blade). One of the loops is damaged and has lost its apex. Above the loops, the socket becomes more oval (12.7mm x 14.5mm) and is marked with prominent incised grooves, with four on one side and five on the other, possibly to imitate or accommodate the binding. The blade is flame-shaped (with a length of 60.5mm and a maximum width of 22.5mm) and has some recent edge damage. The socket continues along the blade to the tip as a prominent but gradually weakening midrib. The blade rib is slightly faceted, possibly because of filing or sharpening the blade. Sharpening striations are clearly discernible on both faces, running along the blade. Blade facets (3mm wide) are evident where the blade edge survives. The break at the tip may have occurred in antiquity through use. The surface has a deep-brown patina with pale green corrosion around the areas of damage.



The lateral grooves between the loops and blade are not common features and are difficult to closely parallel.



1. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140

2. Accession number: A11811

3. Needham, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C., Pettitt, P.; 1997; An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme; Archaeological Journal 154, p. 55-107","The spearhead can be paralleled with a number of examples recovered from Wales and elsewhere. A similar side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has recently been dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating. However, overall Davis (2012, 108-110) places this group within the Taunton-Penard metalworking phases.



Davis (2012) notes almost 500 Group 6 spearheads from across Britain dating to the Middle Bronze Age, which have a broad distribution. Davis' spearhead sub-types 6A, 6B and 6C are particularly prevalent across Wales, all of which have 'flame-shaped' blades. The spearhead can be paralleled with a number of similar examples in National Museum & Galleries of Wales' collections (Savory 1980, Nos. 227-230).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,53.5,,19.8,,110.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Pont-y-Clun,ST0680,From finder,51.51108015,-3.35592786,NMGW-036216,,2013.123.1jpg.jpg,Middle Bronze Age bronze spearhead of side-looped type and of Acton Park metalworking ,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.123.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/495495.jpg
653647,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Probable fragmentary Middle to Late Bronze Age spearhead

The spearhead is represented the incomplete pointed socket only (with a surviving length of 67.8mm and a weight of 36.6g). The socket (with a surviving depth of 34.5mm and a maximum surviving internal diameter of 14mm and 20mm external) is open on one face and appears to have been sub-circular to oval. The interior of the socket is particularly roughly cast at its base but has undergone more finishing near the break. There are remnant stubs on one side, possibly suggesting loops for binding a spearhead. The spearhead width expands slightly where the blade would have begun (to 21.5mm) before the straight sides converge to the point. Both face are convex and rounded and the more complete face has a slight concavity along its length. The converging sides appear damaged with the stubs of the blade evident. There is a concave stepped moulding at the top of the socket on both faces where remnants of the patina survive. The remnant surface has a green-brown patina and elsewhere has a pale-green corrosion.



The fragmentary aspect and poor preservation of the artefact makes any identification difficult, the form however is consistent with Bronze Age spearheads and the remnant stubs on the side of the socket may suggest a spearhead of side-looped type and of Acton Park metalworking, dating to c. 1600 - 1400BC. The step moulding on the faces is more difficult to parallel but it is likely that the curve echoed the curve of the missing blade edge, emanating from the sides of the moulding.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,36.6,,20,,67.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9776,From finder,51.47355559,-3.484404,NMGW-092622,,2013.130.1jpg.jpg,Probable fragmentary Middle to Late Bronze Age spearhead ,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.130.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/495617.jpg
654503,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead, of possible Late Bronze Age dating (1000 BC to 800 BC).



Probably less than 40% of the socketed axehead is present, consisting of part of the main body, the base of the socket and the blade edge. The fragment is sub rectangular in plan, and triangular in section. The socket is sub-rectangular in shape. Casting ridges are present along one of the sides. The blade edge is rounded and expands out at one side, forming a sharp curve (or hook), the other side shows signs of damage. The blade shows signs of breakage and damage. The cutting edge is still visible on the front of the axehead. There are possible file marks, evidence of sharpening, present on the front of the axehead.



The socketed axehead fragment measures 39.8 mm in length, 40.9 mm wide (at the blade), 34.5 mm wide (at the body), 16.3 mm thick (at the body), 5.02 mm thick (at the blade edge). The remnants of the socket is 26.6 mm deep. It weighs 61.4 g.



The socketed axehead is a mid to dark green colour, with areas of brown colouring, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.



Another example of a Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead fragment can be found on the database: WMID-EB5248.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-06T23:00:00Z,2014-09-06T23:00:00Z,,,61.4,,,16.3,39.8,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Mavesyn Ridware,SK0618,From finder,52.75957418,-1.91253021,WMID-6D041B,,WMID-6D041B.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID-6D041B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/496198.jpg
654527,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1950,"A cast copper alloy flat axe of Early Bronze Age date, about 2200 BC - 1950 BC. The axe is probably a broad butt flat axe of Migdale type (decorated Variant) and is decorated with rain pattern.



The blade flares from about two thirds of the way from the butt, with angular shoulders; this may have been secondary hammering; the cutting edge was narrower to begin with. The blade is 70.3mm wide at the tips, and flares from 46.2mm wide at the change of angle. The butt is 33.2mm wide half way along, and has a rounded end. The cutting edge is damaged, and is mainly missing. It is 6.2mm thick at the blade end, where the cutting edge should be. The axe is 11.9mm thick in the centre, and tapers to 6.8mm thick at the butt. The sides of the blade are not symmetrical, the change of angle being more pronounced on one side. If it was symmetrical originally, the axe must have lost a lot of metal and it seem more likely that the sides were never exactly matching. There are no flanges, but the sides do become more square in the centre of the axe. Most of the original surface of the metal is missing at the butt end.



One face is better preserved than the other, and it is decorated with faint longitudinal grooves covering the blade half of the axe (rain pattern). Each groove is only about 1mm wide and they seem to be long, continuous lines rather than short dashes. The other face of the axe has less of the original surface surviving, but traces of a similar pattern are just visible. The axe has been treated with an oil, PEG or wax coating, and it appears that it was placed on this face while the coating was still wet, so an impression of the cloth or polyroll it rested on is obvious; a pattern of small circles or dimples.



The axe has a dark green to black colour and is in a stable condition, though it has suffered from corrosion. Overall, it is 140.5mm long, 70.3mm wide and 12mm thick. It has a mass of 336g.



Ref. Schmidt and Burgess 1981, nos. 196-209. Plates 16 and 17.","Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy on the SEM



by Stuart Fox of the University of Bradford, Faculty of Life Sciences, Archaeological Sciences.



Spectrum processing: No peaks omitted



Processing option: Oxygen by stoichiometry (Normalised)



Number of iterations = 3



Standard CACO3 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Cu Cu 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM

Sn Sn 1-Jun-1999 12:00 AM






Element

			
Weight %

			
Atomic %

			
Compd %

			
Formula

		


C K

			
3.03

			
8.54

			
11.11

			
CO2

		


Cu K

			
65.48

			
34.86

			
81.97

			
CuO

		


Sn L

			
5.45

			
1.55

			
6.92

			
SnO2

		


O

			
26.03

			
55.05

			
 

			
 

		



			
Totals

			

			
100.00

			
 

			
 

			
 

		



Axe head 0.28% As. push







			
Element

			

			
Weight %

			
Atomic %

			
Compd %

			
Formula

		


C K

			
3.03

			
8.53

			
11.09

			
CO2

		


Cu K

			
65.21

			
34.73

			
81.64

			
CuO

		


As K

			
0.28

			
0.13

			
0.37

			
As2O3

		


Sn L

			
5.44

			
1.55

			
6.90

			
SnO2

		


O

			
26.04

			
55.07

			
 

			
 

		


Totals

			
100.00

			
 

			
 

			
 

		



Qualitative portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis of a metal axe: 



 by Seosaimhín Bradley



University of Central Lancashire



Method



The axe was placed in a bench top test stand and the pXRF spectrometer was secured underneath. This was undertaken in order to ensure that the axe did not move during analysis, and that the distance between the surface of the axe and the x-ray beam remained constant. The surface of the axe was corroded and quite uneven in places, so areas chosen for analysis were selected because they were flatter and more even.



Two readings were taken, in two different areas. Each reading lasted 60 seconds and the pXRF instrument was set at 40kV, 15µA, and with no filter applied. The results were gathered by the accompanying software, S1PXRF, which generated a spectra of results. Further analysis was completed using ARTAX software, which identifies the elements that have been detected, and provides the number of counts per second gathered for each identified element. These counts per second were converted into relative percentages to facilitate analysis. This report uses these relative percentages, and is therefore not of absolute elemental concentrations.



pXRF does not detect all the elements that are present, as some elements are beneath the detection limits of the instrument. Only three elements could be reliably determined: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and tin (Sn). Small amounts of rhodium (Ru) were detected but this is likely to be interference from the spectrometer, as the x-ray tube contains rhodium. The counts per second recorded for each of these elements was converted into a relative percentage. These results have not been calibrated to an external standard and are therefore not quantitative, but can give an indication of the relative percentage of each of the identified elements. The table below shows the results.






Element

			
Relative %

		


fe

			
10%

		


cu

			
52%

		


sn

			
19%

		



The results of the pXRF analysis indicate that the axe is made of bronze. Further work is required in order to determine in what concentrations these elements appear.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2005-01-01T00:00:00Z,2006-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,336,,,12,140.5,1,Frank Jolley,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Calderdale,Calderdale,Luddendenfoot,SE0428,GPS (from the finder),53.74835744,-1.94082364,SWYOR-6D80EC,,FD_Axe_1.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/FD_Axe_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/496223.jpg
654630,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"Copper alloy chisel or awl, possibly of Late Bronze Age date

The tool is complete (with a length of 88.1mm and a weight of 9.5g). The tang has a short edge at its apex (1.3mm wide and 0.4mm thick) and is square-sectioned for nearly one-third of its length (for 27mm), gradually widening (to a maximum square-section of 3.7mm). The mid-part of the tool is circular-sectioned (with a diameter of 4.3mm) for a little over one-third of its length (for 31mm). The blade is sub-square sectioned (for 32mm) and each of the four faces on the top of the blade has a clear forged facet, which is possibly decorative. The lower part of the blade is sub-rounded and worn to the angled short chisel-like edge (2.5mm wide). The surface has a rich dark-green patina with the suggestion of more abrasion from one point, possibly suggesting the position of the end of the handle (approximately 37mm from the tip).



Tanged chisels and awls have few diagnostic features and change little through time, making their dating and identification more difficult. The deep patina and attention to detail with the decorative facets, may be suggestive of a Bronze Age date. Bronze Age awls and narrow chisels are not common finds and their dating is further hampered by a lack of associated datable artefacts within hoards but tend to date to the Late Bronze Age, c. 1250-800BC. In Wales a socketed awl (Savory 1980, p 127, no. 307) was recovered from The Great Orme, Conwy associated with a palstave of Late Type and of Ewart Park metalworking.



1. Savory, H.; 1980; A Guide Collection of the Bronze Age Collections; National Museum of Wales",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.5,,,,88.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Merthyr Tydfil,Merthyr Tydfil,Vaynor,SO0211,From finder,51.78904249,-3.42224554,NMGW-6F5981,,2013.135jpg.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.135jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/496258.jpg
654721,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age bronze tanged and collared chisel, probably of Ewart Park metalworking industry, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to 950 - 750BC.



The chisel is incomplete, missing the tang and with a little peripheral damage (with a surviving length of 34.1mm and a weight of 7.4g). The tang was truncated in antiquity and survives as a square-sectioned stub (with a surviving length of 4.0mm and a width and thickness of 5.2mm and 4.3mm respectively). The chisel is thickest at the shoulder (at 4.9mm). The shoulder mouldings are triangular, with the top edge perpendicular to the tang (with a length of 4mm and a depth of 3.8mm). The sides of the blade are slightly concave and divergent to the eroded blade edge, producing a near-triangular blade from. The blade tips and original blade edge have been lost (with a surviving blade width of 22.8mm). The blade is flat and thins gradually towards the edge (with a thickness of 3.2mm below the shoulder and 2.1mm above the edge). There is the suggestion of hammering forming rippled arcs on both blade faces and striations running parallel to the sides. The surface has a brown to dark-green patina with areas of pale-green surface loss and some pitting.



The chisel can be broadly paralleled with an example found in the Brogyntyn Hoard (Savory, 1980, p 123, no 288) in Shropshire, associated with a Hallstatt C sword and a socketed gouge. The Brogyntyn chisel has smaller lugs than this example. In Wales, a similar tanged chisel was found associated with a Ewart Park Hoard from near Ystradgynlais, Powys (Savory, 1980, p 122, no 284).



1. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140.



2. Savory, H.N.; 1980, Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections; National Museum of Wales",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.4,,,,34.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Sully,ST1868,From finder,51.40507629,-3.18026445,NMGW-7149A7,,2013.137.1jpg.jpg,Bronze Age bronze tanged chisel,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2013.137.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/496323.jpg
654770,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1200,-800,"Copper alloy Bronze Age blade fragment from a knife. This has a low oval cross-section with tapered blades on either side. At one end the edges are tapered inwards the tip, which is now truncated.  The rear of the blade is also truncated make it impossible to determine if it had a socket or tang.  When viewed in side profile blade has a slight curve, which straightens out towards the tip, this curve does not look to be post-depositional damage and is therefore part of the design on the knife. 



The date range for this type of knife is c1100 to c800BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-01T00:00:00Z,2014-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,48.2,,,4,110,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Bath and North East Somerset,Bath and North East Somerset,Compton Dando,ST6267,From finder,51.4007494,-2.54763853,GLO-71F6AF,,GLO71F6AF.jpg,GLO-71F6AF Bronze Age Knife,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO71F6AF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/496360.jpg
655021,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Possibly a casting jet or well dating from the Late Bronze Age period, that is 1000-800BC. The broken lower end of the well suggests the object being cast was a knife, possibly a knife with a handle plate rather than socket like the Late Bronze Age Thorndon type knives. Recorded examples of knives without cast socket handles are known from East Anglia, Somerset and Wiltshire (NMS-27C352, GLO-71F6AF, SOM-EE6135).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.45,,,16.78,20.19,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Nuffield,SU6587,From finder,51.57812464,-1.06338082,SUR-84BBEA,,B14-712.JPG,Bronze Age: Metal working debris,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B14-712.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/496553.jpg
655163,Palstave,Bronze Age,,,-1500,-1150,"
A possible Middle Bronze Age palstave axe butt-end fragment. The item is roughtly rectangular in plan, tapering to a rounded point at one end. The profile is broadly triangular in shape and the section is H-shaped. Both faces are plain and undecorated and are slightly concave, with raised sides. Overall the object is very abraided and therefore it is not possible to see, for example, signs of wear or deliberate breaks.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,23.77,,,14,48,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,East Devon,Exmouth,SY0284,Generated from computer mapping software,50.64741489,-3.38748504,DEV-86EA3A,,palstave fragment.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave axe fragment,Danielle Wootton,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/palstave fragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/496910.jpg
655493,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-800,"A copper-alloy awl of possible Bronze Age date. The point of the awl is circular in cross section and is tapered from 7.25mm to 0.7mm at the tip. The other end is rectangular in cross section and also tapers and narrows to the end where it forms a flat 'spade' (3.05mm wide and 0.7mm thick). The surface has a green patina.



Dimensions: 68.14mm long, 6.84mm wide, and weighs 8.68g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.68,,,,68.14,1,Becky Hall,Becky Hall,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Heytesbury,ST9241,From finder,51.1681858,-2.11580046,WILT-9B2724,,WILT-9B2724.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT-9B2724.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/500584.jpg
655871,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-2000,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, worn cutting edge and cracked and broken across the socket. Ancient breaks. Extant length 38.5mm. Width 32mm. Thickness 9mm. Weighs 25.65g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-10-15T23:00:00Z,2014-11-19T00:00:00Z,,,25.65,,,9,38.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Scole,TM1679,From finder,52.36645353,1.1712316,NMS-B0E33A,,58341_B0E33A_LBA_SocketedAxe_ILL.jpg,Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/58341_B0E33A_LBA_SocketedAxe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156075.jpg
656325,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1100,-800,Copper alloy socketed axe blade fragment consisting of only the forward edge of the axe. The sides of the axe expand in to a large curved blade. The tip of the socket is visible in the break. Date late Bronze Age 1100BC-800BC,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-07-31T23:00:00Z,2014-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,15,38,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Bath and North East Somerset,Bath and North East Somerset,Saltford,ST6766,From finder,51.39207204,-2.47567307,GLO-F02B7D,,GLOF02B7D.jpg,GLO-F02B7D Bronze Age Socketed axe,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOF02B7D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/497563.jpg
656329,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy razor of Piggott 1946 Class I. The tang and the distal end are missing. The sides are so badly pitted that no part of either cutting edge survives. There is a broad, flat midrib on both faces. Extant length 42mm. Extant width 31.5mm. Thickness (at the midrib) 2mm. Weighs 10.57g. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-11T00:00:00Z,2014-12-09T00:00:00Z,,,10.57,,,2,42,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Grimston,TF7121,From finder,52.75954053,0.53269139,NMS-F044DA,,11789_F044DA_LBA__checkDBobjecttype_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age razor,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/11789_F044DA_LBA__checkDBobjecttype_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154560.jpg
656357,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1800,-1500,"A fragment of a Bronze Age Developed Flat Axe dating from about 1800 BC - 1500 BC. Only a fragment of the blade-end survives. The fragment is rectangular in plan with a flared blade with concave shoulders. The tips of the blade are missing as is much of the original surface. The sides of the axe are thickened; starting to develop into flanges, so the break in cross-section is H shaped. The break is irregular and well patinated, suggesting that it occured by accident in antiquity. The surface is mottled green and severely pitted with areas of corrosion.



The length of the axe is 54.6mm, the width is 51.2mm from tip to tip, and the main body at the break is 24.1mm wide and 14.1mm thick. 100.32g.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. It is probably a Developed flat axe, similar to Aylesford Type (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981) from the later Early Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-31T23:00:00Z,2014-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,100.32,,,14.1,54.6,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,South Kirkby and Moorthorpe,SE4409,From finder,53.57576117,-1.33697736,SWYOR-F0C4A9,,PAS_2372_axe.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2372_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/497423.jpg
656800,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy axe of Bronze Age date. Only part of the blade edge survives intact, the remainder now missing due to old breaks. The blade edge is flat, having narrowed from further up the axe head, and in convex in form. In cross section the fragment is solid and an elongated lozenge-shape in plan. The fragment has a dark green patina. This is a fragment from the blade of a Bronze Age axe, however due to the preservation of the object it is uncertain whether it belongs to a flat axe, a palstave or socketed axe however it is likely to be of Middle or Late Bronze Age date, and therefore date to c. 1500-800 BC.



It is unclear whether this and a second fragment from the same field (BERK-18CBA6) are related more than chronologically- scrap metal hoards of Bronze Age date are not uncommon discoveries, having been collected so that the metal could be melted down and reused. The two pieces have very different patina however and were found quite a distance apart, so it may be more likely that these finds represent general dispersed activity in the landscape.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-30T23:00:00Z,2014-10-18T23:00:00Z,,,10.7,,,5.52,13.2,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Blewbury,SU5186,Centred on field,51.57057183,-1.26553917,BERK-181F72,,2014560.jpg,Bronze Age axe: Axe head fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2014560.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/497920.jpg
656831,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. Only the blade edge and part of the head survives intact, the remainder now missing due to old breaks. The blade edge narrows to a flat tip, still relatively sharp, and is curved in form with expanded sides that narrow into the main head of the axe. In cross section the axe head is rectangular in plan and is hollow, showing the beginnings (or end) of a socket. The fragment has a light grey-blue patina and appears to have been made in a tin rich alloy, giving it a slightly shiny silvery appearance. This is a fragment from the blade of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, possibly from the Ewart Park phase of metalwork c. 1000 - 800 BC.



It is unclear whether this and a second fragment from the same field (BERK-181F72) are more than broadly chronologically related - scrap metal 'metalworkers' hoards of Bronze Age date are not uncommon discoveries, having been collected so that the metal could be melted down and reused. The two pieces have very different patina and were found quite a distance apart, so it may be more likely that these finds represent general dispersed activity in the landscape.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-30T23:00:00Z,2014-10-18T23:00:00Z,,,28.8,,,9,23,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Blewbury,SU5186,Centred on field,51.57057183,-1.26553917,BERK-18CBA6,,2014561.jpg,Bronze Age axe: Socketed axe fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2014561.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/497935.jpg
656942,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy axe of Bronze Age date. Only part of the blade edge survives intact, the remainder now missing due to old breaks. The blade edge is flat, having narrowed from further up the axe head, and is convex in form. In cross section the fragment is solid and would have had an elongated lozenge-shape in plan. The fragment has a dark grey-green patina. This is a fragment from the blade of a Bronze Age axe, however due to the preservation of the object it is uncertain whether it belongs to a flat axe, a palstave or socketed axe however it is likely to be of Middle or Late Bronze Age date, and therefore dates to c. 1500-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-07-31T23:00:00Z,2014-10-18T23:00:00Z,,,7.3,,,7,14.8,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Great Shefford,SU3978,From a paper map,51.49959937,-1.43955495,BERK-1B26CA,,2014575.jpg,Bronze Age axe: Axe tip fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2014575.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/498082.jpg
657202,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"Bronze Age (c.1150 to 700 BC) socketed axe: The blade portion of the copper alloy axe remains with the broken edge traversing the axe and revealing the tip of the socket. The blade cutting edge is slightly convex with rounded tips/corners which are slightly flared. The side faces have traces of a casting seam, but it has been rounded. The break edge of the axe is not too recent as there are traces of a patina on the break, but it does not match the patches of a heavy dark brown patina on the faces of the axe. On this break there are also areas of active corrosion. The surface of the axe has an incomplete well developed mid green patina. 





From the cutting edge to the broken edge the axe measures 22.69mm, and from the blade tip of the blade to the broken edge it measures 42.73mm, across the broken edge it measures 11.3mm thick. It weighs 31.15g.





The axe is a socketed axe dating to the late Bronze Age, c.1150 to 700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-12-20T00:00:00Z,2014-08-03T23:00:00Z,,,31.15,,,11.3,22.69,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Wixford,SP0854,,52.18419177,-1.88440772,WAW-2FC2AE,,WAW-2FC2AE.jpg,"Bronze Age socketed axe (profile, plan and profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW-2FC2AE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/498659.jpg
657620,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axe fragment from an unidentified object of possible Bronze Age date (c. 1100 - 800 BC). The fragment has a pronounced lip which is slightly bevelled and is slightly convex on the outer surface with a corrspondingly concave inner surface.



The fragment measures 24.02mm in length, 16.81mm in width, is 10.71mm thick, tapering to 2.74mm thick and weighs 8.47g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.47,,,10.71,24.02,1,Julie Dawn Shoemark,Julie Dawn Shoemark,South West,Somerset,South Somerset,Kingsdon,ST5026,From finder,51.03117701,-2.71439553,WILT-997445,,WILT997445.jpg,Bronze Age socketed object,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT997445.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508397.jpg
657740,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-900,-700,"
The blade of a cast copper alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. The base of the socket survives and the broken walls show that the casting was off centre. There are faint scratch marks on one side of the blade which is otherwise in good condition..
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,34.2,,,12.7,27.45,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,East Meon,SU6521,GPS (from the finder),50.98474405,-1.07536902,SUR-FDFCA2,,14-1362.JPG,Bronze age: Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/14-1362.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/500402.jpg
657953,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,A fragment of a Bronze Age plano-convex bun ingot weighing 25.18g.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.18,,,12.67,23.72,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,From finder,51.54292534,-1.16504412,SUR-3F3166,,B14-765.JPG,Bronze Age: Metal working debris,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B14-765.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/499069.jpg
659013,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast copper-alloy bag shaped chape dating to the late Bronze Age. The chape has an oval opening, concave sides, a rounded bottom, and a perforation in each face. There are also two irregular perforations in the bottom, most likely resulting from ancient damage. The surface is smooth, with no decoration.



Chape is 18.4mm in height and 26.3mm at its widest point. The mouth of the chape is 21.2mm wide x 9.2mm thick, the internal measurements are 18mm x 6.3mm.



A couple of these chapes are listed in O'Connor (1980, 190-191; ref. 161). They are associated with the 'carp's tongue complex' of south-east England and date to the Ewart Park metalworking phase.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.8,18.3,,9.5,,1,Becky Hall,Becky Hall,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Rockbourne,SU1118,Centred on parish,50.96132141,-1.84474451,WILT-D4F151,,WILTD4F151.jpg,Bronze Age chape,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTD4F151.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/505734.jpg
659038,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1000,-700,A cast copper alloy awl of probable late Bronze Age date. The awl is 61mm in length. One end is pointed and the other end has a flat and rounded terminal. The wide central part has a square section.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.29,,,5.03,61.04,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Chieveley,SU4673,From finder,51.45411995,-1.33936854,SUR-D5A5A5,,DSCF5608.JPG,Bronze Age: Awl,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF5608.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/499832.jpg
659154,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-950,"Possible butt of a Bronze Age (c. -1500 to c. -950) palstave: The copper alloy fragment is a sub rectangle with one lone edge being broken, and this edge has a dark green matte patina, the other edges are heavily abraded and have a mottled turquoise and green matte surface. In profile the fragment is triangular with the dark green matte broken edge forming the thick part of the fragment. The upper and lower surface of the fragment has a shiny dark green patina which has feint marks of probable hammering. The fragment measures 25.01mm wide, 16.69mm wide, 6.72mm thick and weighs 8.15g.



The hammering and surface condition suggests a possible Bronze Age date. The wedge shaped profile to the fragment suggests it may be the butt of a palstave or an axe. The fragment is probably dated to the middle Bronze Age (c. -1500 to c. -950).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-06-03T23:00:00Z,,,,8.15,,,6.72,25.01,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP2940,GPS (from the finder),52.05762809,-1.57845151,WAW-E8E391,,WAWE8E391.jpg,"Bronze Age Palstave butt, possibly (profile, plan, section, and plan).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWE8E391.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/545541.jpg
659519,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-1000,"
A fragment of the butt of a possible Bronze Age cast copper alloy palstave axe. The fragment is broken across its thickest point. One face remains with part of one side. There is evidence for possible rounded side wings. The axe is very worn and pitted.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,43.72,,,10.72,39.16,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Wisley,TQ0659,GPS (from the finder),51.32024038,-0.48027068,SUR-0E4F59,,14-1443.JPG,Bronze Age: Possible axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/14-1443.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502394.jpg
660545,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1700,"A possible Bronze Age copper alloy developed flat axe, possibly from the Bandon type (Schmidt and Burgess, 1981, 65-7) and dating 1900 - 1700BC. The axe has a broad head, tapering to a narrown butt. The axe is very worn so some features may no longer be visible. There are possibly traces of a flange along the wings of the axe. The axe has a mid-light green pattination.



Dimensions: length: 91.82 mm; width: 43.42 mm; thickness: 10.18 mm; weight: 136.08g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,136.08,,,10.18,91.82,1,B. Paites,B. Paites,,,,,,,,,ESS-7D18D8,,ESS-7D18D8 Axe.jpg,"A possible Bronze Age copper alloy developed flat axe, possibly from the Bandon type (Schmidt and Burgess, 1981, 65-7) and dating 1900 - 1700BC.",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESS-7D18D8 Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502029.jpg
660620,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-900,"A Middle to Late Bronze Age looped palstave axe, c1200-900BC. The axe is very corroded and pitted and only the lower half below the stop ridge survives together with the stubs of the side loop. There is a shallow hollow beneath the stop ridge. The axe has broken across a large void, the apparent result of a casting flaw.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,20.36,69.78,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South West,Somerset,South Somerset,Whitestaunton,ST2610,From finder,50.88473077,-3.05333475,SUR-7E53A6,,B14-830.JPG,Bronze Age: Looped palstave axe,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B14-830.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/501256.jpg
660850,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"Fragment of a round-sectioned copper alloy object broken at both ends and in a rather worn state. The surface and the breaks are a deep brown. Probably Bronze Age and possibly the central part of a Middle Bronze Age Picardy pin. There is no surviving decoration. Diameter at the breaks 5.3 and 10.6mm. Maximum diameter 11mm. Length 35.4mm. Weight 16.01g. c.1400 - c.1250 BC.



Field KG1",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-29T23:00:00Z,2014-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,16.01,,11,,35.4,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Tivetshall St. Mary,TM1786,Centred on field,52.42889191,1.19042777,NMS-92A892,,58331_92A892_BA_CastingJet_ILL.jpg,Possible fragment of a Bronze Age pin,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/58331_92A892_BA_CastingJet_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155074.jpg
661269,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-1500,-700,"A fragment of a blade of Bronze Age date. How much of this object survives is unclear as there survive no certain original edges. The object is 3.27mm thick and has a flattened lozengiform section. The object does not appear to have been an arrowhead, despite its apparent shape. It may be part of a knife.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.08,,,3.27,49.05,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Chieveley,SU4674,From finder,51.46311088,-1.33923878,SUR-E39E45,,B14-844.JPG,Bronze Age: Blade,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B14-844.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/501711.jpg
661302,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A copper alloy socketed side-looped spearhead dating from the middle to late Bronze Age, (1500-800BC).



The spearhead is almost complete. The head is leaf-shaped and the socket has a pronounced midrib. The mid rib is lozenge shape and extends to the base of the socket where it is slightly facetted rather than raised. The edges of the blade have been damaged in some places. One of the string loops are is complete and the other is broken. The mouth of the socket is broken, probably in antiquity.



The spearhead is a string loop type, which suggests later middle Bronze Age to early late Bronze Age date. Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. Acton Park II industry",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-20T00:00:00Z,2015-01-20T00:00:00Z,,,75.2,,,,113,1,Lauren Proctor,Lauren Proctor,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Revesby,TF3264,From finder,53.15677743,-0.02733712,DUR-E488E5,,DUR-E488E5.jpg,Socketed spear head,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/a8622912/DUR-E488E5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/501751.jpg
661381,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date. The fragment is the blade end including the base of the socketed area. It is a tapering rectangle in section and trapezoidal in plan with a heavily worn cutting edge with rounded corners. The break on one face is considerably shallower than the other thought both old and worn. No signs of decoration remain.



An insufficient amount of this object remains to allow it to be attributed to a specific tradition within the socketed axehead type.



The metal has a light green patina and is worn. The fragment is 48.9mm long, 40.3mm wide, 8.4mm thick and weighs 45.7g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,45.7,,,8.4,48.9,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Easington,TA4115,Generated from computer mapping software,53.61257735,0.1299127,YORYM-E67DFD,,JLB0008.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/JLB0008.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/503062.jpg
661397,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Middle Bronze Age bronze palstave; a Group I palstave of Primary Shield Pattern type and of Acton Park Metalworking 1 metalworking Industry corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 4 and probably dated to c. 1600 - 1450BC



The palstave is near-complete (with a length of 161mm and a weight of 575.5g). The butt (29.2mm wide and 3.2mm thick) is damaged, possibly from the casting but appears to have ben straight. The sides are straight and broadly parallel as far as the stop (31.6mm wide at the stop). Below the stop (10mm), the sides are prominently nicked (32.8mm wide), below which the sides are concave and divergent to a slightly recurved blade edge (71.5mm wide). The flanges begin at the butt and are straight and divergent, reaching an apex above the stop (with a maximum depth of 39.4mm, 16mm above the stop. The flanges return to the blade below the stop, at the position of the side nicks. The flanges are convex across their depths and appear to have been comparatively elaborate, with an outer border parallel to the flanges (8mm wide) and defining a central lozenge (70mm x 15mm). The septum is comparatively flat and straight (9mm thick, 20mm wide and 33mm long). The stops have a slight curve and are raised above the blade faces (with a height above the septum of 5mm and 9mm and above the blade of 5mm and 3mm). Below the stop is a weak shield device (34mm long) defined by a slightly raised platform, rather than mouldings. Below the shield the blade is flat across its length and very gently convex across its width. There are clear hammered blade facets (beginning 20mm from the blade edge with a lower facet 11mm from the edge). The blade edge has some damage and it is now difficult to identify any contemporary nicks or wear. A small number of sharpening striations are now discernible running along the blade edge. The surface has a dark-brown patina and has suffered from some flaking but has been treated by the finder, possibly altering the patina colour.



The axe is an early example of the palstave form and it has been argued (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, pp. 125) that North-East Wales and the Marches was the source of this form of axe type.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-03T23:00:00Z,,,,575.5,,,,161,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Kinnerley,SJ3021,From finder,52.78202125,-3.03926342,NMGW-E73F68,,2014.2jpg.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2014.2jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/501838.jpg
661408,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Middle Bronze Age bronze spearhead of Davis' (2012) Group 6 (Developed side-looped) type.



The spearhead is incomplete and heavily corroded, missing the mouth, tip, blade and side loops (with a surviving length of 62.6mm and a weight of 15.0g with an emptied socket). The mouth has been lost and the base is sub-circular (with a diameter of 12.4mm - 14.2mm and with a thickness of up to 2mm). The socket has straight sides which gradually converge (with a surviving depth of 33.5mm). Remnants of the stubs of the side loops are discernible on both sides (beginning 23mm from the surviving mouth and with a length of 9mm). Further along the spearhead the remnants of the blade are discernible (beginning 38mm from the surviving mouth). The spearhead appears to have been of sub-lozenge section at the blade, probably suggesting a midrib. Little survives of the blade, which survives as a flange (with a maximum surviving height of 1.0mm). The spearhead has broken before the tip but above the end of the socket, although there is the suggestion of tapering brown core beneath the bronze, perhaps representing the core from casting. Surprisingly, the core was observed to be magnetic, indicating that it is ferrous, possibly suggesting reuse or repair at a later date (at least 800 years later) or possibly but unlikely as a by-product of the casting process or because of a post-depositional event. Patches of the original surface with a dark green patina survives and there is the suggestion of sharpening striations running parallel to the blade.





~ Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



~ Accession number: A11811



~ Needham, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C., Pettitt, P.; 1997; An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme; Archaeological Journal 154, p. 55-107","Although the spearhead is fragmentary, there are enough diagnostic features present to be confident in identify it as of side-looped type. It falls within Davis' (2012) Group 6. A similar side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has recently been dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating. However, overall Davis (2012, 108-110) places this group within the Taunton-Penard metalworking phases.



Davis notes almost 500 Group 6 spearheads from across Britain dating to the Middle Bronze Age, which have a broad distribution. Davis' spearhead sub-types 6A, 6B and 6C are particularly prevalent across Wales, all of which have 'flame-shaped' blades, which might strengthen the idea that this spearhead originally had a flame-shaped blade, rather than a leaf-shaped blade. The spearhead can be paralleled with a number of similar examples in National Museum & Galleries of Wales' collections (Savory 1980, Nos. 227-230).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15,,,,62.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,ST0179,From finder,51.50123654,-3.4276731,NMGW-E7AAA1,,2014.3jpg.jpg,Middle Bronze Age spearhead of side-looped type and of Acton Park metalworking ,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2014.3jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/501846.jpg
661462,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-950,-850,"Incomplete cast copper alloy socketed gouge, semi-circular in plan, at the cutting edge, lozenge-shaped in profile and circular in section. The circular socketed end is broken and partly missing and the cutting edge is worn and nicked in two places and on one side. The gouge tapers in profile from the open end to a point at the cutting edge which is curved into a semi-circle so that it can gouge out sections of wood etc. The surface is pitted and corroded but some of the original patina remains on the inside of the cutting edge, but the damaged edges have become worn and corroded and there are patches of light green bronze disease. Socketed gouges are first seen in the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar socketed gouges from St Keverne, Cornwall on page 570, Plate 9, No.75, from Blandford, Dorset on page 607, Plate 46, No.348f, from Lulworth, Dorset on page 623, Plate 62, No.502m, and from Stogursey, Somerset on page 649, Plate 88, No.746e, which are dated from the Ewart Park phase c.950-850 BC.



Rohl & Needham (1998) illustrate a similar socketed gouge on page 136, fig.38, no.323, which is dated from the Ewart Park metalwork phase of the Late Bronze Age, c.950-850 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-16T00:00:00Z,,,,17.35,,10,3,43,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Illogan,SW6743,GPS (from the finder),50.24095911,-5.26907896,CORN-EE9D5D,,Jan15finds037.JPG,socketed gouge (concave face),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Jan15finds037.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502047.jpg
661652,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1250,"A fragment of a very small cast copper alloy, socketed, side looped probable spearhead probably dating from Early to Middle Bronze Age, about 1700 - 1250 BC; Davis Groups 2-6. Alternatively, the object could possibly be part of a large arrowhead. The remaining portion consists of a short section of the socket together with the two small, integral side loops. The interior of the socket is circular; the outside tapers towards the blade of the spear and is triangular in section. The fragment is broken at both ends and longitudinally, so only half of the original thickness survives. Both the spear blade and the remainder of the socket are missing, and the breaks are very abraded and rounded. The fragment has a dark green patina. It is 30.7mm long, 14.4mm wide and 7.5mm thick. It weighs 5.99gm.



More complete examples of this type of spearhead can be found on the database. See for example references SF-26B707, WAW-F1A002 and LANCUM-ABC582. The object is unusually small for a spear, but arrowheads are not usually recorded with side loops.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-22T23:00:00Z,2014-10-05T23:00:00Z,,,5.99,,,7.5,30.7,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,Thorpe Audlin,SE4916,From finder,53.63823153,-1.26037508,SWYOR-FC5915,,PAS_2382_spearjpg.jpg,possible Bronze Age spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2382_spearjpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502011.jpg
661675,Assemblage,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,,-2400,-2200,"Description: Beaker/Early Bronze Age gold beads



Found during controlled archaeological excavations by Wessex Archaeology, on 12th October 2011 while excavating the remains of a prehistoric 'Beaker' burial.



Five sheet gold beads and other artefacts (Beaker vessel, amber and lignite beads, and seven worked flints) were recorded along with the poorly preserved remains of a >35 year old adult.



Dimensions: Gold beads (incorporating provisional comments by Dr Stuart Needham) ON1527, ON1532-4 and ON1551.



Five gold beads (between 5 mm and 9 mm in length). Sheet pieces of gold that have been rolled to form tubular beads. At least four of the beads have small single/paired perforations (0.5 mm in diameter). All five beads contain a core of what is considered to be soil. This material has been left in place pending further scientific analysis and, therefore, at this stage no accurate weights for the gold can be given. Each bead has been cleaned to aid identification.



Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of the beads indicated a very high precious metal content of gold (Dr Stuart Black, Director of Laboratories (SAGES) Reading University)



Other finds



Ceramic Beaker (ON1526) The vessel appears to be complete, although it was found in a crushed state. Decorated with zonal patterns of impressed comb, it is of low carinated form and equates to Clarke's Northern British/Middle Rhine style (N/MR).



Amber beads (including comment from Dr Alison Sheridan) ON1525, ON1529-31, and ON1557-8.



Four large amber beads ranging in size from 15 mm to 25 mm were recovered from near the head of the burial. A fifth large bead and fragments of other smaller beads were recovered during analysis of the soil blocks. The larger beads are all circular in shape with flattened sides and lateral perforations. They are of an unusual type and the provisional suggestion is that they could derive from eastern England (Dr Alison Sheridan pers comm).



Shale/jet beads ON1552-6



A total of 56 shale/jet beads (24 complete), were recovered from the careful examination and processing of the soil samples and blocks. Unfortunately many of these beads were in a very fragile condition and have not survived. They were recorded and photographed.



Worked Flint (comment from Philippa Bradley)



Seven pieces of worked flint came from the grave fill. The flint comprises three flakes, a fragmentary flake, two blade-like flakes, and a retouched blade-like flake. Dating this small group is hampered by the lack of diagnostic pieces. However, a broad Neolithic to Early Bronze Age date is likely. Given the nature of the material and the lack of retouched forms, it is possible that these are redeposited finds and not intentional grave goods.","The Beaker burial is without close parallel, although the character of the burial indicates that it belongs to a small group of similarly rich burials that have been discovered across Britain. These early burials belong to the Copper Age (Chalcolithic) horizon that marks the end of the Neolithic and the start of the Bronze Age (c.2400-2200 BC). Each of the five ornaments comprises a strip of thin sheet gold rolled to form a tubular 'bead'. Only small numbers of Beaker graves, both in Britain and continental Europe, contain gold ornaments and tubular beads of this sort are rare. Further examples are known in copper or bronze, but again they are far from common finds. The indications are that Kingsmead Quarry is an Early Beaker context making the ornaments some of the earliest goldwork from Britain.



These items are more than 4000 years old and the gold beads are composed of more than 10% precious metal, and therefore should be considered Treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act 1996. As the other objects were found within a secure burial context alongside the gold beads they should also be considered as Treasure by association.",4,Gold,Ceramic,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Controlled archaeological investigation,2011-10-11T23:00:00Z,,2011T763,,,,,,,33,Alistair Barclay,Alistair Barclay,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Horton,TQ0175,,51.46496902,-0.54744891,PAS-FCAE32,,,,,,,
661677,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-650,"Part of a cast copper alloy, socketed gouge, probably dating from late Bronze Age date, about 1000 - 650 BC. The remaining portion consists of a short length of the socket and the U shaped blade. The interior of the socket is circular and 9.9mm deep; the exterior is sub-rectangular. The blade tapers from the socket to a rounded cutting edge. The gouge is concave on one face and convex on the other. It has a dark green patina and the breaks are very abraded. It is 39.9mm long, 14.1mm wide and 13.9mm thick. It weighs 22.8gm. The socket is 7.8mm in diameter, the groove is 35.4mm long and the cutting edge is 11.1mm wide.



Compare SUR-7898C5 which notes that: ""Socketed gouges have been found associated with metalwork assemblages of Wilberton (eg. Guilsfield, Savory, 1980, No. 268. 64-65) through Ewart Park (eg Penwyllt, Savory 1980, No 284. 7-8) and Llyn Fawr (Savory 1980, No 291 9-11). Savory (ibid., p 55) suggests that the earliest examples have multiple mouth mouldings, while later examples have a plain or broad, flat collar. It is difficult to suggest a date for this example with a prominent single, slender moulding. According to Pearce in the 1983 publication 'The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain Part I', page 43, socketed gouges 'appear to have begun in the Wilburton phase, and continued as part of the tool repertoire until the end of the Bronze Age', although she suggests that most socketed gouges can be dated to the Ewart phase between c. 1000 - c. 800 BC. Needham et al's (1997) recent study of Bronze Age chronology dated a collared socketed gouge from the Bodwrog Hoard, Anglesey to 2720 +- 45 BP (DoB No 3, OxA-4652, p68).""",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-31T23:00:00Z,2014-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,22.8,,,13.9,39.9,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Bridge Hewick,SE3370,From finder,54.12480562,-1.49656027,SWYOR-FCB525,,PAS_2382_gouge.jpg,Bronze Age gouge,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2382_gouge.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502018.jpg
661716,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1950,-1750,"Early Bronze Age bronze Developed Flat Axe of Aylesford type (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981) or Class 4 (following Needham 1983; forthcoming), dating to Needham's (1996) Period 3 (c.1950-1750 BC).



The axe is near-complete but is heavily corroded (with a length of 112.8mm and a weight of 173.1g). The butt is narrow (with a width of 18mm and a thickness of 3mm) and was moderately straight. The sides are straight as far as the midpoint, below which they are concave and expand to the eroded blade tips (with a surviving blade width of 56.0mm). The original blade edge has been lost and is moderately curved. The sides are comparatively flat across their thickness with no surviving evidence for any flanges on either face. One face has a clear median bevel (with a thickness of 9.8mm, positioned 58mm from the blade edge, where the axe has a width of 29mm). There is the suggestion of a blade facet discernible (8mm from the edge). The other face has suffered more surface corrosion and does not convincingly display a median bevel or blade facet. The better preserved face has remnant traces of a pale-grey to dark-brown patina, elsewhere the surface is heavily-pitted pale-green to dark-green corrosion.



The axehead has a discernible median bevel on one face, suggesting some developed features on the axe. It is possible that hammered flanges were present but do not now survive.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,173.1,,,,112.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Agden,SJ5144,From finder,52.99107821,-2.73142244,NMGW-FDAA11,,2014.8.1jpg.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Developed Flat Axe of Aylesford type ,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2014.8.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502059.jpg
661717,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-950,"Middle to Late Bronze Age bronze palstave of Transitional Type and uncertain sub-type, possibly Type Shelf or Roundhay dated to the Penard-Wilburton Metalworking phases (c.1275-950 BC) (following Needham et al. 1997).





The palstave is incomplete missing peripheral areas and has a distorted butt (with a distorted length of 138.3mm and a weight of 323.2g). The butt is narrow and now rounded (with a width of 11mm and a thickness of 3.1mm). There is an oval aperture (5.7mm long and 3.2mm wide) probably the result of a casting flaw, since the flaw continues as a scar along the septum on one face. The butt has been distorted and is bent towards one face. The sides are straight and gradually divergent as far as the stops, where there is a gentle nick. The loop is incomplete, missing its central part (with a length of 29.2mm, internal length of 13.3mm, width of 10.1mm and a surviving height of 8.2mm giving the palstave a maximum surviving width of 35.1mm) and spans the position of the stops. The casting seams are discernible where the surface survives and appear to have been fettled. The sides of the blade are near-straight and divergent to the blade edge. The blade edge has been truncated and the blade tips lost (with a surviving width of 33.6mm). The blade now has a deep curve, although the original blade form is unclear. The septum is straight and flat, gradually thickening to the stops (with a thickness at the stops of 15.4mm). The flanges now rise from well before the butt but again, are likely to be truncated and eroded. The stops are curved with a perpendicular rise from the septum (of 6.7mm). The blade faces are prominently convex across their widths (with a maximum thickness of 20.8mm). There is a sharp bevel from the tops of the stops to the blade faces. The blade faces have no surviving evidence for a midrib or any other motif, accepting that the surface has been lost along the mid-section. The blade faces gradually narrow to the edge with no surviving evidence for a blade facet. The surface has a dark-brown patina, where it survives and elsewhere is pale to dark-green with patches of active corrosion.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-21T23:00:00Z,,,,323.2,,,,138.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Gnosall,SJ8118,From finder,52.7592681,-2.28298362,NMGW-FDCDF0,,2014.8.2jpg.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave of Transitional Type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2014.8.2jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502062.jpg
661725,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-701,"Incomplete Middle Bronze to Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged chisel, with the proximal end of the rectangular-sectioned tang and the cutting edge missing. There is no stop between tang and blade. Cf. Inventaria Archaeologica (1954) G.B.6, no.5. The breaks are not ancient. Extant length and width 47.9 and 15mm. Thickness 3mm. c.1600 - c.700 BC.



Field JO9",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-29T23:00:00Z,2014-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,3,47.9,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0784,Centred on field,52.41481142,1.0423312,NMS-FE6367,,41868_5F82AB_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age chisel illustration,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/41868_5F82AB_BA_Axe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1101217.jpg
661841,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Possible fragment of a Bronze Age spearhead of indeterminate type and date





A small fragment of copper alloy 20.7mm long, 6.4mm thick and 10.3mm wide). The fragment has slightly concave facets narrowing to the blade and at the apex the suggestion of a mid-ridge. There is no evidence for a socket at the centre. The surface has a dark-green patina, consistent with Bronze Age bronzes.



The fragmentary condition of the copper alloy makes any identification tentative and speculative and it is possible that the fragment is from a more recent object but the form is generally consistent with Bronze Age spearheads.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-17T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,6.4,20.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,,SJ7115,From finder,52.73185388,-2.43089472,NMGW-0F53D8,,2014.8.20jpg.jpg,Possible fragment of a Bronze Age spearhead ,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2014.8.20jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502209.jpg
662040,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead. The fragment comprises part of the mouth, the moulded lip around the socket opening. There is a casting seem visible on the other edge of the axehead. Late Bronze Age date, c. 1000-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-31T23:00:00Z,2014-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,16.6,,,5.9,22.6,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Lambourn,SU3379,Centred on field,51.50897146,-1.52589472,BERK-1327E8,,2014686.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe: Socketed axe fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2014686.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502316.jpg
662053,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 800 BC) socketed spear (spearhead): The copper alloy spearhead consists of the upper portion of the spear, being before the socket starts. In plan the spearhead is an elongated sub-trapezoid as the tip is missing. Both these breaks are not recent. There are traces of the blade facets but these are heavily abraded, therefore the spear blades cutting edges have been lost. The overall shape of the blade can be possibly ascribed to being leaf-shaped. The spearhead fragment is broadly triangular in plan and in section a sub-lozenge. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The surface of the spearhead has a mottled dark green coloured patina which is incomplete and pitted. It measures 21.94mm long, 7.24mm wide, 4.9mm thick and weighs 2.09g.





The spearhead dates to the Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 800 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-01-01T00:00:00Z,2014-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,2.09,,,4.9,21.94,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Wellingborough,Great Harrowden,SP8770,From finder,52.32121533,-0.72498962,WAW-20A592,,,,,,,
662335,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1500,"Incomplete Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged axe or chisel with an ancient break. The butt is missing. Much of the shiny dark brown patination has been lost recently. Extant length and width 51 and 41.3mm. Thickness 9.7mm. Weight 70.81g. c.2000 - c.1500 BC.



Field JO5",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-29T23:00:00Z,2014-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,70.81,,,9.7,51,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0684,Centred on field,52.41518858,1.0276494,NMS-3D9CC3,,60292_3D9CC3_BA_FlangedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Early to Middle Bronze Age flanged axe or chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60292_3D9CC3_BA_FlangedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155089.jpg
662482,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A hoard of Late Bronze Age metalwork, comprising of 40 fragments of copper alloy ingot and two fragments of copper alloy sword. Treasure case no. 2015 T64. See also: IOW-77CAC3.



Ingot fragments 



1. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy 



Length: 120.8mm; Width: 71.8; Thickness: 33.3; Weight: c. 969.0g;



2. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy 



Length: 100.6mm; Width: 89.4mm; Thickness: 29.6mm; Weight: c. 1080.0g;



3. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy 



Length: 128.4mm; Width: 68.2mm; Thickness: 37.9mm; Weight: c. 1196.0g;



4. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy 



Length: 119mm; Width: 117.8mm; Thickness: 28.8mm; Weight: 887g;



5. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy 



Length: 91.2mm; Width: 66.7mm; Thickness: 31.8mm; Weight c. 734.0g;



6. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 133.5; Width: 91.7mm; Thickness: 36.6mm; Weight: c. 1435.0g;



7. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 106.4mm; Width: 89.8mm; Thickness: 28mm; Weight: c. 1026.0g;



8. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 89.2; Width: 74.8mm; Thickness: 35.4mm; Weight: c. 764.0g;



9. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 91.7mm; Width: 83.4; Thickness: 27.9mm; Weight: c. 671.0g;



10. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 83mm; Width: 70.1mm; Thickness: 28.2mm; Weight: c. 458.0g;



11. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 87.3mm; Width: 50.9mm; Thickness: 33.8mm; Weight: c. 461.0g;



12. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy 



Length: 58.7mm; Width: 51.9mm; Thickness: 22.2mm; Weight: 183.42g;



13. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy 



Length: 75.6mm; Width: 57.5mm; Thickness: 22.8mm; Weight: 260.96g;



14. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 77.4mm; Width: 46.9mm; Thickness: 19.6mm; Weight: 276.61g;



15. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 71.9mm; Width: 44.9mm; Thickness: 25.4mm; Weight: 217.67g;



16. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 66.3mm; Width: 61.2mm; Thickness: 30.1mm; Weight: c. 549.0g;



17. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy 



Length: 56.2mm; Width: 39.9mm; Thickness: 30.7mm; Weight: 232.09g;



18. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 75.6; Width: 65.4mm; Thickness: 32.4mm; Weight: c. 480.0g;



19. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 65.2mm; Width: 54.3mm; Thickness: 30mm; Weight: c. 298.0g;



20. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 60.6mm; Width: 56.7 mm; Thickness: 20.9mm; Weight: 208.14g;



21. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 54.1mm; Width: 41.1mm; Thickness: 25.7mm; Weight: 263.38g;



22. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 59.2mm; Width: 39.2mm; Thickness: 28.7mm; Weight: 276.76g;



23. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 62.9mm; Width: 52.6mm; Thickness: 30.6mm; Weight: c. 350.0g;



24. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 52.2mm; Width: 46.8mm; Thickness: 24.7mm; Weight: 220.19g;



25. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 50.3mm; Width: 45.4mm; Thickness: 27.1mm; Weight: 218.19g;



26. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 70.1mm; Width: 46.7mm; Thickness: 31.2mm; Weight: c. 358.0g;



27. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 42.6mm; Width: 33.7mm; Thickness: 26.7mm; Weight: 147.41g;



28. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 54.8mm; Width: 40.7mm; Thickness: 20.3mm; Weight: 133.30g;



29. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 50.4mm; Width: 33mm; Thickness: 23.4mm; Weight: 174.39g;



30. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 40.3mm; Width: 38.4mm; Thickness: 27mm; Weight: 93.33g;



31. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 50.6mm; Width: 34.9mm; Thickness: 25.4mm; Weight: 127.49g;



32. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 58.8mm; Width: 45mm; Thickness: 27.8mm; Weight: 200.13g;



33. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 45.8mm; Width: 30.4mm; Thickness: 18.4mm; Weight: 73.41g;



34. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 39.7mm; Width: 31.4mm; Thickness: 14.7mm; Weight: 59.31g;



35. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 40.3mm; Width: 36.8mm; Thickness: 7.2mm; Weight: 78.91g;



36. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 45.8mm; Width: 24.3mm; Thickness: 19mm; Weight: 55.38g;



37. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 35.6mm; Width: 20.3mm; Thickness: 12.7mm; Weight: 25.10g;



38. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 34.3mm; Width: 33.8mm; Thickness: 15.7mm; Weight: 43.88g;



39. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 26.4mm; Width: 21.4mm; Thickness: 10.7mm; Weight: 17.74g;



40. Bun ingot fragment; copper alloy



Length: 30.3mm; Width: 21.1mm; Thickness: 18.6mm; Weight: 30.24g;



Sword blade fragments



41. Sword blade fragment



Probably from a Ewart Park type sword (Colquhoun & Burgess 1988, 55ff).



Length: 40.3mm; Width: 32.3mm; Thickness: 5.7mm; Weight: 35.31g;



42. Sword blade fragment



Probably from a Ewart Park type sword (Colquhoun & Burgess 1988, 55ff).



Length: 27.3mm; Width: 30.5mm; Thickness: 5.8mm; Weight: 20.63g;



Discussion: 



The two sword blade fragments are probably from Late Bronze Age Ewart Park type swords and are a very common feature of so-called 'scrap' or 'founders' hoards of Late Bronze Age, especially in Southern England (e.g. Needham 1990). Fragments of ingot are also a regular feature of hoards of Late Bronze Age date, however, 'complete' plano-convex ingots of the type represented by No. 4 are rare but they are known from the assemblage of copper alloy and tin ingots associated with a probable Late Bronze Age shipwreck at Salcombe, Devon (e.g. British Museum 2010, 8032.1 and 2010, 8032.191) and from the Late Bronze Age carp's tongue complex hoard consisting of 352 objects from Boughton Malherbe, Kent (Treasure case 2011 T464).



Conclusion: 



Due to their age and number, this find qualifies as a prehistoric base-metal assemblage and Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996, (Designation) Order 2002.



Bibliography



Colquhoun, I. & Burgess, C.B. 1988. The Swords of Britain (Prähistorische Bronzefunde IV.5). Munich: Beck.



Needham, S.P. 1990. The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork: an Analytical Study of Thames Valley Metalworking in a Settlement Context. London: British Museum Occasional Paper 70","Due to their age and number, this find qualifies as a prehistoric base-metal assemblage and Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996, (Designation) Order 2002.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-12-14T00:00:00Z,,2015T64,,,,,,,42,Frank Basford,Frank Basford,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Godshill,SZ5482,From finder,50.63520142,-1.23778744,IOW-622CD9,,2015T64group.JPG,Bronze Age Ingots and Sword Blades. Treasure case no. 2015 T64,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fbasford/2015T64group.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502947.jpg
662554,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of Type Yorkshire and of Ewart Park metalworking, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to c. 950 - 750BC.





The axe is near-complete with some peripheral loss and has a prominent split down one side (with a length of 75.3mm and a weight of 163.2g).The mouth is sub-rectangular (39.3mm wide x 35.9mm long). The socket (57.8mm deep) has straight sides, each with an internal central rib (beginning 12mm below the mouth) which continue to the base of the socket. The top of the mouth is heavily-corroded, which has removed any evidence for casting runners. The mouth has a prominent rounded moulding and there is a collar moulding beneath the mouth (11mm below). The loop is present (23mm long, 8.5mm wide and 8.4mm high), springing from the collar moulding. The sides are moderately flat across their widths and concave across their lengths, and expand to the blade edge. The blade tips and original blade edge have been lost but the blade appears to have been moderately expanded and with a slight curve (with a surviving blade width of 42.0mm). The casting seams are prominent on both sides and have been hammer-finished. The looped side has a prominent split (43mm long and up to 3mm wide), which may be the result of casting problems. The faces are convex across both their lengths and widths and are decorated with three parallel ribs, descending from the collar moulding. The side ribs are positioned close to the corners of the faces. There are no blade facets evident and no sharpening striations discernible at the blade. The surface has a dark-brown patina, with areas of pale-green corrosion.



Type Yorkshire axes are found throughout Britain but Schmidt & Burgess (1981, pp 238-9, pl. 130) have demonstrated that the distribution is concentrated on the East side of Northern Britain with the greatest density between the rivers Humber and the Tees. This example may be seen as being a somewhat south westerly outlier to the main areas of recovery.



Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,163.2,,,,75.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Pontesbury,SJ4110,From finder,52.68446412,-2.8742188,NMGW-639A45,,2014.12.1jpg.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe of Type Yorkshire and of Ewart Park metalworking,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2014.12.1jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/502596.jpg
662752,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A small, highly abraded Bronze Age palstave, probably dating to the Middle Bronze Age c. 1500-1150 BC. The butt is damaged with an old break but survives to its original width, 21.3mm. The palstave has a sub-rectangular septum, with a vertical stop ridge on both faces (one notably more worn than the other). The septum is 6.2mm thick and 16.7mm wide, it survives to a length of 24.8mm and is flanged, with these sub-triangular in profile, although again notably more worn on one face than the other.



At the stop ridge the palstave is sub-rectangular in cross section, 20.8mm wide and 19.3mm thick, and was likely originally more regular in shape. Below the stop ridges the axe then costricts to 18.0mm wide, before widening gradually towards the cutting edge, one corner of which has been lost to an old break. The maximum width, just prior to this break is 22.0mm and although it will originally have continued to broaden, the cutting edge now survives to a width of 17.4mm. In profile the blade of the axe tapers gradually from the stop ridge to a point, now fairly rounded by abrasion. There is no indication of any side loop, but it is unclear whether or not there was any moulding beneath the stop ridge.



The palstave is 92.6mm long and weighs 133.89g.



Although difficult to be certain with such an abraded object, the lack of side loops would suggest that it belongs to the Acton Park or Taunton metal working groups, giving the object a likely Middle Bronze Age date.","
We are indebted to the finder for providing the original photographs. 
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-22T23:00:00Z,2014-09-22T23:00:00Z,,,133.89,,,19.3,92.6,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Devon,East Devon,Colyton,SY2292,From finder,50.72236833,-3.10635684,DEV-669688,,DEV669688.jpg,Bronze Age Axe,Danielle Wootton,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/DEV669688.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/537154.jpg
662835,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy flat axehead, sub-rectangular in plan and section and triangular in profile, with a rounded end and broken edge where it is missing its blade and more than half of the axe so that just the butt end remains. The fragment tapers towards the butt end which is rounded off and widens towards the broken edge which has been chiselled off, perhaps in order to re-use the fragment for something else. The axehead would have continued to expand into a triangular flat blade which is now missing. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on the surface of the axe, but the original surface has corroded away and is now quite pitted, so that preservation is poor. There are some scratches caused by damage since deposition. There are many circular depressions on the surface that have been caused by blisters forming as the axehead has corroded and then breaking down and powdering away.



The length is 50 mm, the width of broken edge is 31 mm and the width of the butt end is 27 mm, the thickness of the broken end is 9 mm and the thickness of the butt end is 4 mm.



Similar slender flat axes with straight-sided butt ends can be seen in records DENO-93FB17, SUR-E3F467, LANCUM-6507C2, and SOMDOR-C71623 on the database.



Even though it is incomplete, the remains of this flat axe compares well to other examples from the Migdale tradition of the early Bronze Age, dating from c.2200-2000BC.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar examples of slender Migdale type flat axes from Tregonjeeves Quarry in Cornwall and Salcombe in Devon, on pages 400 & 453, plates 1 & 38, nos.6 & 289, and a similar fragment of a flat axe that has been chiselled at one end from Penzance, Cornwall on page 423, pl. 15, no.123, which are associated with the Migdale metalworking tradition of the Early Bronze Age, c.2200-2000 BC.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate the latest slender Migdale type of flat axes to be recorded in the South West from Braddock Downs in Cornwall, Bishop's Tawrton in Devon and Burton in Dorset on page 87, pl.14, nos.36, 111 & 213.



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 (c.2350-2050 cal BC). This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp.121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. pp.46-47.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to Landowner,Metal detector,2015-01-01T00:00:00Z,2015-01-19T00:00:00Z,,,61.12,,,9,50,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Agnes,SW7351,Generated from computer mapping software,50.31512985,-5.18987339,CORN-6C605C,,May15finds103.JPG,flat axe butt (end),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/May15finds103.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/518806.jpg
701649,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a large cast copper alloy (bronze) socketed axe. The fragment consists of the cutting edge and lower blade of a late Bronze Age axe (1100 - 800 BC). The axe fragment is sub-rectangular in plan with a curved (convex) cutting edge. The sides, adjacent to the cutting edge, taper inwards towards the break. In profile the fragment is sub-triangular (wedge shaped). The convex cutting edge of the axe fragment, although corroded and abraded, is worn suggesting it was heavily used in antiquity. The break at the top of the fragment is old and abraded and has an uneven edge. The break has occurred almost at the base of the socket. The base of the socket is elliptical in plan and broadly 'u' shaped in cross section. The axe fragment is a light- green to brown colour with a polished but much abraded patina. The loss of patina is mostly around the external edges of the axe at both the cutting edge and broken edge caused by abrasion in the ploughsoil. It is most prominent along the cutting edge and one side has more prominent patina loss than the other. There are a number of small patches of light green powdery (active) corrosion present predominantly on the edges of the blade.



There are other examples on the database that have been discovered in Kingstone, Herefordshire (HESH-5AE5C8) and at Wixford, Warwickshire (WAW-2FC2AE).



From the cutting edge to the broken edge the axe measures 26.4mm, the axe is 54.5mm in width, and is 16.2mm thick. It weighs 65.8 grams.The width of the internal socket is 4.8mm and the length is 32.3 mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-10-21T23:00:00Z,2014-10-21T23:00:00Z,,,65.8,,,16.2,26.4,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Dodcott cum Wilkesley,SJ6143,From finder,52.98291285,-2.58233671,HESH-B9F20D,,HESHB9F20D.jpg,"Bronze Age socketed axe (front, back, profile and plan)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vickyallnatt/HESHB9F20D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/505049.jpg
702234,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,"A large fragment of Bronze Age copper alloy plano-convex ingot edge fragment of Middle to Late Bronze Age date c.1200-700 BC. This fragment of ingot is almost semi-circular, with one distinctly curved edge and is sub-triangular in cross-section. When complete the ingot would have been 'bun-shaped', having a domed upper surface and a flat lower surface. The surfaces of the ingot are abraded and pitted.



The fragment is124.4 mm in length, 73.3 mm wide,35.6 mm thick and weighs 980.0 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,980,,,35.6,124.4,1,Caroline Chestnutt,Caroline Chestnutt,South East,Kent,Thanet,Monkton,TR2765,From finder,51.33874193,1.25770776,KENT-0B4165,,KENT0B4165.jpg,KENT- 0B4165: A fragment of Bronze Age copper alloy bun ingot.,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cchestnutt/KENT0B4165.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/503341.jpg
702266,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1100,"Middle Bronze Age bronze Transitional palstave of Type Roundhay, Midribbed Variant (as defined by Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 149) and of Penard/Wallington metalworking, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Periods 5 -6 and probably dating to 1300 - 1100BC.



The palstave is near-complete with some peripheral damage (with a length of 167mm and a weight of 459.5g). The butt (with a width of 21mm and a thickness of 3.7mm) is moderately straight but bevelled and is possibly truncated on one side. The sides are near-straight and slightly divergent as far as the stop (with a maximum width behind the stop of 27.6mm). The casting seam is only evident on the unlooped side but is possibly masked by corrosion on the looped side. The seam appears to have been neatly fettled. The loop is of D-shaped section (25.0mm long, 12mm wide, 9.4mm high and 3.8mm thick). The sides are flat across their widths and onto the flanges. The flanges begin at the butt and have a linear divergence to the stop but have slight damage to the top edges. The septum is straight and flat and is perpendicular to both the flanges and stops (with a maximum height of 16.1mm). The stops are rounded with a slope to the blade (where the palstave has a maximum thickness of 37.4mm). The sides of the blade narrow below the stop, producing a slight 'nick'. The sides are straight across their widths and gently concave are divergent along their lengths to produce a narrow and moderately rounded blade edge. The original blade edge has been lost but there does not appear to have been any significant loss to the blade tips (with a surviving blade width of 44.6mm). The blade faces are decorated with a single central midrib, which appears as wide as the face below the stop, producing convex faces at the apex, becoming flat near the blade edge. There is a discernible blade facet where the midrib ends. The surface is heavily-corroded with a mid-green corrosion and dark brown exposed metal on edges. There are some areas of active bright green corrosion on both blade faces.



The palstave demonstrates a number of features characteristic of Type Roundhay such as the waisting and the near-parallel sides below the stop. The sides however are also straight and near-parallel above the stop, similar to Type Shelf (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 146). Transitional palstaves are recovered occasionally from South East Wales but are far less well represented than Ewart Park metalwork and may have a different pattern of deposition, with the coastal findspot of this example, perhaps being of significance.



1. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,459.5,,,3.7,167,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Bridgend,Bridgend,Porthcawl,SS8078,From finder,51.48817695,-3.7297418,NMGW-0BA169,,201442jpg.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/201442jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/503346.jpg
702291,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Bronze Age bronze spearhead of Davis' (2012) Group I form and of Arreton Down metalworking dating to the latest part of the Early Bronze Age, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 4 dated c. 1700 - 1500BC.



The spearhead is near-complete with a distorted tang (with a length of 229mm and a weight of 193.4g). The end of the tang has a separate, circular-sectioned rivet with slightly expanded ends (28.0mm long and 6.6 - 8.1mm diameter and up to 8.8mm diameter for the ends) remaining in-place. The end of the tang is rounded (with a width of 14.1mm, a thickness of 2.3mm and positioned 3mm from the rivet). The tang is rectangular sectioned with near straight sides, slightly narrower above the rivet and gradually thickening towards the blade (with a minimum width of 11.4mm and a maximum thickness of 9.5mm). The blade has bevelled shoulders to give a maximum width near the base (of 42.1mm and a blade length of 156mm). Little of the original blade edge survives but they appear to have been straight and gradually converging to the tip. The spearhead faces have median bevels, giving a lozenge section (with a maximum thickness near the base of 10.7mm). The blade faces are stepped parallel to the edge (7mm from the edge) with an additional blade facet discernible in the better preserved area (2mm from the edge). No applied decoration is evident on the spearhead and there are no sharpening striations discernible. The surface has a mid-green patina with a dark green and blue (possibly azurite) corrosion, some of which appears to be active.



Analysis to ascertain the composition of the metal of both the spearhead and the rivet was attempted using X-ray fluorescence, the results are not semi-quantitative but indicate that the spearhead alloy is an arsenical bronze, while the rivet is a tin bronze with only trace arsenic levels . It is unclear whether different alloys were used for practical reasons or whether the two parts were made at different times.



Tanged spearheads are not a commonly recovered artefact type, with seemingly only four other recorded examples from Wales. Two of the four tanged spearheads were recovered from Penllyn , indicating a highly-significant local clustering for the type. The other two spearheads are from Ystradyfodwg, Rhondda (Savory, 1980, no. 225, p. 111) and from Llanfachreth, Gwynedd (Savory, 1980, no. 336, p. 132). The Glamorgan tanged spearheads are of a similar form to this example but are generally decorated. The Gwynedd spearhead is of a more squat form.



1. Davis, R.; 2012; The Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain; Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung V, 2012, Band 5



2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



3. Mary Davis; spearhead: XRF no. 1097/8; rivet: XRF no. 1099 - 1100



4. PAS: NMGW314, NMW 2000.54 & Amgueddfa Cymru accession number: 99.9H/2



5. Savory, H.; 1980; A Guide Collection of the Bronze Age Collections; National Museum of Wales",,3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by a museum - not a Treasure case,Metal detector,,,,,193.4,,,,229,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9775,From finder,51.4645671,-3.48411224,NMGW-0BF252,,201443.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead of Group I form and of Arreton Down metalworking,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/201443.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/503349.jpg
702585,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, a solid tip with rounded midribs. On the blunt cutting edges there is both ancient and recent scuffing. Ferrous staining covers the surfaces and the break. Extant length 36.5mm. Width 20mm. Thickness 6.2mm. Weight 11.33g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Field JO9",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-29T23:00:00Z,2014-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,6.2,36.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0784,Centred on field,52.41481142,1.0423312,NMS-1F1E27,,41867_1F1E27_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age spear illustration,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/41867_1F1E27_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1101214.jpg
702678,Spear,Bronze Age,,,,,"Bronze Age bronze socketed spearhead fragment of uncertain type, of Middle to late Bronze Age date





The spear is fragmentary, represented by the upper part only (with a surviving length of 43.4mm and a weight of 10.9g). The top of the circular socket is evident at the base of the fragment (with a diameter of 6.8mm and a depth of 19mm). The socket defines a prominent rounded midrib on the exterior (with a maximum surviving thickness of 9.0mm), which narrows gradually to the tip. The blade appears comparatively straight along the fragment, possibly suggesting a leaf-shaped blade (with a maximum surviving width of 18.3mm). A small fragment of the blade facet appears to survive above the break. The surface is heavily corroded and no sharpening striations are now evident on the corroded surface, which has a pale-green patina.



The socket present on the spearhead would suggest a form was side-looped, basal-looped or pegged but the fragmentary nature makes typological identification difficult.",,3,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.9,,6.8,,43.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,,SO4896,From finder,52.55933773,-2.76847126,NMGW-215EBE,,20145913jpg.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead fragment,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/20145913jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/503645.jpg
703464,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-750,"A small gold Penannular Ring (or so-called 'hair ring') of Late Bronze Age date. The ring has a sub-circular cross section and the ends of the terminals are flat. The ring has alternating decorative banding of yellow and a paler, silver rich gold. There is no visible evidence that the ring had a copper alloy core and the weight of the ring suggests that it may be solid gold.



Analysis by the British Museum's scientific research team has demonstrated that the penannular ring has been modified. A small section of metal has been removed from the edge of each end exposing fresh metal, and the original surfaces of each capped end have also been removed. This is evidenced by the presence of parallel striations and exposure of fresh metal. The appearance of the exposed metal indicates this modification is modern.



Dimensions: 18mm by 17mm diameter; 1.5mm gap between terminals; 6.5mm (max.) and 6mm (min) thickness; weight: 9.47g



Metal composition: Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of the ring by Department of Scientific Research at The British Museum indicated that its composition was consistent with a Late Bronze Age date. See appended report full details of the composition.



Discussion: This ring belongs to a well dated group of ornaments of the Late Bronze Age, circa 1150-750 BC. They are a relatively common find from England.",The ring meets the criteria for Treasure under the Designation Order (2002): it is an item of prehistoric date with a precious metal element.,3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-08-31T23:00:00Z,2014-09-29T23:00:00Z,2015T94,,9.46,,,6.86,18.4,1,Neil Wilkin,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Waverley,Cranleigh,TQ0836,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.11312611,-0.45850121,SUR-8A4184,,DSCF4056.JPG,Bronze Age: Penannular gold ring,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF4056.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572989.jpg
703549,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead of Davis' (2015) Type 11A, which covers Generic pegged spearheads with flame-shaped blades, dating to the Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking industry (c.1120-800 BC) (following Needham et al. 1997).



The spearhead is complete and retains the sediment in the socket (with a length of 159mm and with a weight of 144.7g, including sediment and 126.2g without). The socket is near-circular (with a diameter of 27.9mm - 28.6mm, 25.4mm internal and 110.1mm deep). There is no evidence for a lip at the mouth or decoration around the socket. The sides of the circular socket are conical, gradually converging to the tip and define a rounded midrib along the blade. Approximately midway between the mouth and the start of the blade are the sub-circular attachment holes (of 7.2mm and 7.8mm diameter), which are raised or burred on the interior of the socket. The casting seams are evident on both sides but have been neatly fettled and mostly removed but with a discernible ridge surviving. The blade is leaf-shaped and reaches its maximum width approximately one-third of the blade length (with a length of 114mm and a maximum width of 38.3mm). The blade facets are evident and mostly survive (with a length of 4mm and a thickness of 0.6mm). There is the suggestion of some striations running along the blade facets, possibly the result of sharpening. There are striations evident inside the socket (7mm from the mouth). The surface has a dark-brown patina with some areas of pale-brown and green surface loss.



The sediment was removed from the socket in the museum and contained root material but no discernible surviving wooden shaft. A void was observed immediately above the peg holes.



Spearheads of pegged type have been shown to date from Wilburton metalwork, dated from 1150BC, the majority of associated spearheads are found with Ewart Park metalwork (950 - 750BC).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,144.7,,28.6,,159,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,ST0179,From finder,51.50123654,-3.4276731,NMGW-8CD44C,,201471jpg.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead of Pegged Type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/201471jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/504313.jpg
703648,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age bronze palstave of Group III, Low-Flanged (Broad blade) Type and of uncertain subtype, possibly a variant of Type Wantage (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, p 133-5) and probably of Acton Park II / Taunton metalworking industries, of Needham's (1996) Period 5; dated to c. 1500 - 1150 BC.



The palstave is unlooped and is near-complete but is heavily corroded (with a length of 159mm and a weight of 438.4g). The butt (with a width of 18.4mm) has broken across one side. The sides are straight and near-parallel, diverging slightly as far as the stop (with a width of 20mm to 25.1mm at the stop). The sides are then concave and divergent to produce a comparatively wide blade. The blade is asymmetric, seemingly differentially worn or damaged on one side (with a blade width of 64.2mm). The casting seams are clearly discernible on both sides but have been neatly finished, surviving as a ridge where the surface is preserved. The flanges begin (9mm) beneath the butt and appear to be damaged and truncated. The more complete flange appears to be moderately straight, reaching its highest point beneath the stop (with a maximum surviving height of 30.4mm). The septum (with a thickness of 8.0mm) is flat across its length and has a slight concavity across its width. The stops appear more rounded on one face than the other (with heights of 8.6mm and 11.7mm). There is a bevel from the stop to the blade faces (where the blade has a thickness of 20.0mm) and the top of the faces is decorated with a subtle depression or sunken shield decoration but is without mouldings. The blade faces are flat and gradually convergent, increasing in convergence near the edge but without a discernible blade facet. The blade edge is comparatively straight. The surface has surviving remnants of a very dark, near-black patina and elsewhere has a pale to mid-green corrosion.



The general form of the palstave would seem to suit Type Wantage, although the absence of decorative mouldings would make the axe a variant of the type. The features would seem 'developed' for an unlooped palstave and if the loop represents a typological progression , this axe may be seen as at the cusp.



1. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7

2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,438.4,,,,159,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llanharan,ST0083,From finder,51.53701462,-3.44321145,NMGW-8F1E90,,2014751jpg.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave of Group III,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2014751jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/504343.jpg
703790,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast copper alloy unidentified object, possibly a fragment of metalworking debris dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1000-800 BC). The object is rectangular in shape; one face is flat with three vertical grooves which run the entire length of the face, which create four raised ridges. The other side of the object is undecorated and rounded, creating a semi-circular cross-section. The object is broken at either end due to old breaks and there is a visible casting flaw at one end, which appears to be a bubble.



The object measures 32.2 mm in length, 27.6 mm wide, 9.2 mm thick and weighs 44.1 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,44.1,,,9.2,32.2,1,Caroline Chestnutt,Caroline Chestnutt,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ8852,From finder,51.23620482,0.6916705,KENT-A1C3D4,,KENTA1C3D4.jpg,"KENT-A1C3D4: A cast copper alloy unidentified object, possibly a fragment of metalworking debris dating to the Late Bronze Age",Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cchestnutt/KENTA1C3D4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/504733.jpg
703841,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, dating 1000-800 BC. Only part of the rim and the loop remain. The casting seam is still visible running along the line of the loop. The object has a mid brownpatinawith light green corrosion exposed in places. Due to the state of preservation it is impossible to attribute a specific type of axe to this object.



Dimensions: length: 40.80 mm; width: 19.41 mm; thickness: 11.92 mm; weight: 17.15g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.15,,,11.92,40.8,1,B. Paites,B. Paites,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,Shalford,TL7227,From finder,51.91496679,0.49941519,ESS-A35964,,ESSA35964Axe.jpg,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, dating 1000-800 BC.",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESSA35964Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/505368.jpg
703846,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age bronze butt fragment from an axe of uncertain type but of Developed Axe or Palstave form



The axe is represented by a butt fragment only, broken at one end (with a surviving length of 32.4mm and a weight of 28.4g). The butt end is rounded but may be truncated and thins to an edge (with a width of 19.5mm and a thickness of 0.8mm). The sides are straight and slightly divergent to the break (with a maximum width of 21.9mm and a thickness of 7.7mm). The sides are convex across their thicknesses with the suggestion of a casting seam on the pitted surface. The flanges begin near the butt and are slightly convex along the short length to the break and are probably slightly eroded and truncated (giving the axe a maximum surviving depth of 9.9mm with a height above the septum of 1mm). The break occurred in antiquity. The surface has a dark-green patina where it survives and is heavily pitted.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The butt form would be consistent with slender-butted Developed flat axes, From Type Aylesford (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981) from the Early Bronze Age through to Late Palstaves, of Ewart Park Metalworking in the Late Bronze Age.



1. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.4,,,7.7,32.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,St. Weonards,SO5022,From finder,51.8942946,-2.72800595,NMGW-A3890E,,201490jpg.jpg,Bronze Age butt fragment from an axe of uncertain type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/201490jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/504484.jpg
703891,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe, possibly a reworked axe or an axe blank probably dating to c. 2,200 - 1,900BC



The axe is comparatively short with a wide thick butt (with a length of 82.2mm and a weight of 202.8g). The butt is straight and flat (with a width of 39mm and a thickness of 8.5mm) possibly suggesting the axe may have been reworked from a larger axe. The sides are straight and divergent for a short distance from the butt (approximately 20mm) before becoming concave and diverging to a moderately expanded blade edge (with a surviving width of 61.2mm). The sides are rounded across their thickness. The original blade edge has been lost and the edge is now comparatively straight with only a gentle curve. One of the blade tips has been lost and the axe has a pronounced distortion before the break. One face is flat, while the other is very gently convex across its length and both have a gentle convexity across their widths. There are no discernible developed features on the axe, such as a median bevel or flange. There is the suggestion of a short blade facet (6mm long) although this is more likely to be the result of corrosion and wear. The surface is heavily-corroded with a dark-green patina and areas of pale-green corrosion.



The flat axe is an unusual form and appears comparatively short and wide and thick-butted but now shows no evidence of breakage, possibly suggesting the butt has been reworked. The lack of any of any surviving developed features and the simple, curved-sided form to the axe may be suggestive of Type Migdale (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-44) , of Metalworking Assemblage III, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 2 -3 and probably dating to c. 2,200 - 1,900BC. The axe also may be an axe-blank and the unworked flat face may demonstrates minimal working subsequent to its casting.



1. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7

2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,202.8,,,8.5,82.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Camrose,SM8919,From finder,51.82966005,-5.06358719,NMGW-B2F337,,201499jpg.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axe,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/201499jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/504557.jpg
703897,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed tool, probably a hammer, probably of Late Bronze Age date c. 1000-700BC.



The tool is incomplete missing the mouth (with a length of 65.5mm and a weight of 101.1g) and has broken in antiquity. At the break, the socket mouth is of oval form (with an internal dimensions of 12.4mm x 11.1mm and with a surviving depth of 28.9mm). The tool is thicker on the more complete side (with a thickness of 3.6mm compared to 1.7mm). Each side had at least two linear stepped mouldings along its length (with a depth of up to 2.5mm). The sides are convergent, with the stepped mouldings retaining a fairly consistent width (with a width before the top step of 18mm, a width at the top step of 19.7mm, a width before the basal step of 17.1mm and a width at the basal step of 22.3mm). The sides are straight and near-parallel at the basal section (24.8mm long with a width and thickness at the platform of 23.3mm and 14.0mm respectively). The casting seams are clearly evident and slightly raised on both sides and are significantly off-centre along its thickness. Both faces are flat across their lengths and slightly convergent to the platform (with a thickness at the break of 15.9mm) but have a gentle convexity across their widths. There is no decoration surviving on either face. The platform is sub-rectangular (22.4mm x 13.3mm) and is convex with no discernible evidence of significant battering scars. The surface is worn with a dark-brown patina and areas of mid-to-dark-green corrosion. The faces have a few scratches preserved beneath the patina.","Bronze Age socketed hammers are not frequently reported, with 26 examples reported to PAS at the time of writing. The stepped sides of this example are difficult to parallel. Fregni (2014, 81ff.) has recently presented a typology of socketed hammers and this example falls within her Type 4 categorised by a slanted face, shoulders, a square or round cross section and generally smaller size than other hammers. Only one other Type 4 has so far been identified in England and Wales, which is from the large multi-period Salisbury hoard, Wiltshire. This hoard also contained three other types of socketed hammer. Due to the eclectic nature of the Salisbury hoard, which contains objects from the Early Bronze Age through to the Middle Iron Age, it is difficult to accurately date this type of hammer.



However, two similar shouldered hammers are present in Dowris phase hoards in Ireland. One was found in the Dowris hoard itself (Eogan 1983, No.119 (78)) and another in the Lusmagh hoard (Eogan 1983, No.22 (1). These hoards equate to the Ewart Park phase in England and Wales (c.950-750 BC), suggesting this as the most likely date for the Pembrokeshire hammer. However, none of these examples have a double-shoulder.



Four other hammers are recorded from Wales at present, two from North Wales; one from the Bronze Age occupation soil behind the rampart of the hillfort at the Breiddin (D.G. Coombs 1991 in Musson ed., mo. 139, 3 133-4) , the Breiddin hammer is of sub-quadrangular form and is expanded at the working platform, and an unpublished example from Burton, Wrexham (Gwilt pers. comm.) and is more rounded in form. Two quadrangular hammers from Wales have been recorded with PAS recently, a fragmentary example from Swansea (NMGW-46A3A3) and a more complete example from Brecon (NMGW-475C27). Hammers often have a higher tin content in the bronze (Coombs ibid.; Evans; 1881 ) compared to contemporary axes. It has not been possible to analyse this example quantitatively but X-ray fluorescence surface analysis has indicated a leaded bronze with trace levels of arsenic and silver (Mary Davis pers. Comm. (XRF 998)).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,101.1,,,,65.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,,Pembrokeshire,,,,,,,NMGW-B31642,,2014100jpg.jpg,"Late Bronze Age socketed tool, probably a hammer",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2014100jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/504562.jpg
703948,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
Copper alloy axe head with a narrow butt end and flared cutting edge. It has a sub-triangular notch missing from one corner of the cutting edge where it has broken off, suggesting use and wear and tear. There is a small depression along one of the flared edges, it is uncertain whether this due to use or an accident in the casting. It is covered in a very rough green patina which has many small nodules and bumps possibly from the casting.
","
No spatial data available as none received.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,5,82,1,,,,,,,,,,,DYFED-B3F603,,DSC01430.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mpage/DSC01430.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/504610.jpg
703955,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
A socketed and collared hammerhead. It is hollow, rectangular in profile, sub-rectangular at the closed end and oval shaped in section at the socket. It has been broken off at the socketed end. It is smooth, with an even green and grey patina.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,2.5,64,1,,,,Pembrokeshire,,,SN0506,,51.71873558,-4.82439822,DYFED-B4111E,,DSC01338.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mpage/DSC01338.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/504623.jpg
704736,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1000,"Fragment of cutting edge of Early or Middle Bronze axe, i.e. flat, flanged, or a palstave. The breaks are ancient and the blade is almost sharp. Extant thickness 5mm. Extant length 13mm. Extant width 52.5. Weighs 7.87g. c.2350 -c.1000 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-18T00:00:00Z,2015-01-19T00:00:00Z,,,7.87,,,5,13,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,TF6805,From finder,52.6167819,0.48011977,NMS-E10CF4,,NMSE10CF4_ILL.jpg,Early to Middle Bronze Age axe fragment,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/NMSE10CF4_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/523152.jpg
704759,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Middle Bronze Age cast flanged axe of Early Short-Flanged form and probably of Type Kirtomy, possibly variant Arnhall, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 82-4) and of Acton Park II metalworking Industry, dating to Needham's (1996) Period 4; c. 1500 - 1300BC





The axe is near-complete but is very heavily corroded (with a length of 132.3mm and a weight of 255.5g). The butt (with a width of 21.4mm and a thickness of 2.5mm) is moderately straight and is likely to have suffered some erosion. The sides are straight and divergent as far as the blade (where the axe has a width of 28.1mm). The cast flanges appear to begin just before the butt and are convex across their heights (reaching a maximum surviving height of 20.8mm) and appear to have had a regular curve, producing an oval side profile. The septum appears moderately flat with no surviving evidence for a median bevel. The sides are 'nicked' (with a width of 32.0mm and a thickness of 10.5mm) immediately below the flanges, below which the sides are concave and divergent to the blade edge. The casting seams are no longer evident. One of the blade tips has been lost (producing a surviving blade width of 53.5mm). There is no decorative device now evident on either blade face. The blade faces are gently convex across their widths, with the possible suggestion of a mid-ridge and are flat and convergent across their lengths before converging more sharply to the blade edge but without discernible blade facets. The surface is very poorly preserved with a small remnants surviving on the septum and blade with a dark-brown patina; elsewhere the surface has corroded pale-to mid-green and brown.



The loss of subtle surface features makes typological identification difficult, the general form however is consistent with Type Kirtomy, Early Short Flanged axes and the noticeable nicked sides may suggest the variant Arnhall.



1. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7

2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,255.5,,,2.5,132.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Purton,SU0387,From finder,51.5818522,-1.95809897,NMGW-E28ECD,,2014971jpg.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age flanged axe of Early Short-Flanged form and probably of Type Kirtomy, possibly variant Arnhall",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2014971jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/505118.jpg
704891,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Early Bronze Age bronze Developed Flat Axe of uncertain type, possibly Type Bandon or similar and of Willerby metalworking, c. 1900 - 1700BC





The axe is fragmentary, represented by an approximate blade half and has broken in antiquity (with a surviving length of 54.0mm and a weight of 94.6g). At the break, the axe has a rectangular section with a comparatively slender blade (25.6mm wide and 10.8mm thick) and displays evidence that the axe was bent prior to breaking. The sides are convex across their widths and near-straight or gently convex across the surviving length and divergent before sharply out-turning to produce an expanded and well-curved blade edge. The blade tips and original blade edge have been damaged (giving a surviving blade width of 44.7mm). Beneath the break, both faces were decorated with crude linear incised lines. There is no suggestion of flanges on the surviving part of the blade. Both faces have a discernible blade facet, corresponding with the recurving of the blade (15mm from the blade edge). The surface is corroded with some deep pitting and a mid-green patina and areas of pale-green corrosion.



The fragmentary state of the axe makes typological identification difficult but the slender blade form and out-turned blade may suggest an axe of Type Bandon or allied axe, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 65-48) . Schmidt & Burgess (ibid) note the lack of associations between Type Bandon and other axes and tentatively suggest that they may be of Stage V, Willerby metalworking, corresponding to the latter part of Needham's (1996) Period 3, (c. 2,050 - 1,700BC), perhaps suggesting a date of c. 1900 - 1700BC.



1. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7

2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-10-26T23:00:00Z,,,,94.6,,,,54,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Gnosall,SJ8019,From finder,52.76822119,-2.29786291,NMGW-1DCB6A,,2014981jpg.jpg,Early Bronze Age developed flat axe of uncertain type,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/2014981jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/505283.jpg
704935,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Probably Late Bronze Age copper alloy rectangular scabbard chape of oval external and internal cross-section. The sides are concave and there is an attachment hole in the centre of both faces near the upper, open end. No parallel has been noted. Length 23mm. Width 27.7mm. Thickness 10mm. Weight 16.77g.



Field SH2",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-29T23:00:00Z,2014-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,16.77,,,10,23,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Shropham,TL9891,Centred on field,52.48098898,0.91433183,NMS-1F7519,,60274_1F7519_BA_Scabbard_ILL.jpg,Probably Late Bronze Age scabbard chape,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60274_1F7519_BA_Scabbard_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155088.jpg
705472,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age bronze blade, possibly a dirk of Group IV blade with a damaged butt.





The dirk is incomplete with some peripheral damage to the butt (with a length of 124.3mm and a weight of 29.3g). The shoulders are eroded but appear to have been comparatively broad (with a surviving width of 48.2mm) and is better preserved on one side. The original form of the hilt is now uncertain although it may have been of trapezoidal form with differential corrosion to the apex of the butt, which now has convergent sides. There are no definite rivet holes evident but there is a notch at the central apex, which may have aided the hafting or attachment. The butt is thinned (with a thickness at the apex of 0.6mm) and may have been reworked. Below the shoulders, the sides are concave and convergent (for approximately 26mm). The blade is then near straight and convergent (for approximately 17mm with a width of 26-18mm) after which, the blade is straight and only slightly convergent before the tip. The blade is of lozenge section and gradually thickens to reach a maximum near the tip (of 4.1mm). The blade edge has been lost and is now rounded. The surface is heavily-pitted and corroded with a dark-brown to black patina and with an area of pale-green corrosion. There is no surviving evidence for a hilt mark on the surface



The corrosion makes it difficult to confidently identify the blade typologically with the scheme as outlined by Burgess and Gerloff (1981) but would seem to best fit the Group IV weapons with damaged or reworked butts. Group IV blades belong to Taunton to Penard Metalworking industry of the Middle Bronze Age, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Period 5, dated to 1500 - 1150BC.



1. Burgess C.B. & Gerloff S., 1981; The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IV. Band 7.

2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.3,,,,124.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Sketty,SS6391,From finder,51.60112942,-3.97950933,NMGW-487432,,201410810jpg.jpg,Bronze Age blade: possibly a dirk of Group IV,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/201410810jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/505834.jpg
705551,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axehead, dating to between 1000 - 800 BC. The axehead is damaged at the socket-end with only a small section of the side loop remaining and only 13.95 mm left of the socket depth.The blade end is very worn and damaged. The axehead measures106.06mm long, 33.13mm wide at the broken side loop, approximately 47 mm wide at blade-end, 26.22 mm thick at socket-end, 4.9 mm thick atthe blade-end. It weighs 222 grams. The axehead has a dark green patina colour, but with a very pitted surface and areas of blue-coloured bronze disease.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-20T00:00:00Z,,,,222,,,4.9,106.06,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Duncton,SU9617,Generated from computer mapping software,50.94445671,-0.63490274,SUSS-4A19BA,,SUSS4A19BA.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS4A19BA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/553678.jpg
705818,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl. At the bent junction of the tang and point the cross-section is rectangular. The end of the sub rectangular-sectioned tang is missing and there is a chamfer on two opposed angles giving a hexagonal section. Extant length (unbent ) 56mm. Width / thickness at the centre 5.5 x 5.5mm. Weight 6.24g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-04T00:00:00Z,2015-01-04T00:00:00Z,,,6.24,,,5,56,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Tattersett,TF8431,From finder,52.84506658,0.73073779,NMS-5DE706,,NMS5DE706.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/NMS5DE706.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/518044.jpg
705848,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Lower of end of the blade of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier in quite fresh condition. The surfaces are patinated brown, as is the break which is quite granular and may therefore be more recent. Extant length 40.1mm. Width 14.3mm. Thickness 3.7mm. Weight 7.17g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.



Field HF",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-29T23:00:00Z,2014-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,7.17,,,3.7,40.1,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1096,Centred on field,52.52139175,1.09392509,NMS-5E84D2,,37333_5E84D2_BA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/37333_5E84D2_BA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1101209.jpg
706044,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"A probable Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1100 BC) solid gold bead of annular form and biconical profile with a central perforation measuring 2.9mm in diameter. It is max.7.6mm in diameter at the centre, narrowing to c.5mm diameter at either end, both of which show areas of damage. The bead stands 5.3mm in height and weighs 1.91g.




The bead is of similar form to several of sheet gold reported through the Treasure Act, namely HAMP-72E451 (2011 T526),GLO-46CA05 (2014 T358) and NMS-AEC678 (2013 T20), for the latter of which is written 'The gold bead is likely to date to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1100 BC) based on several close comparanda. The three biconical gold beads from the Burton, Wrexham, hoard are similar in form, size and weight to the Salthouse bead (PAS-5B1745; Gwilt et al. in Barton 2011). The Burton hoard comprised of several typo-chronologically distinctive artefacts (including bronze palstaves) that allow it to be dated to c.1300-1150 BC (Ibid.). The bead is also similar to those from Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire and Harlow, Essex, the former from a stratified Middle Bronze Age context (Varndell 2000, 12, no.1; 2005/6, 17, 270, no.6), and Buriton, Hampshire (HAMP-72E451).
Middle Bronze Age gold beads are a relatively rare find (Murgia et al. forthcoming) and can be contextualised with reference to the so-called 'ornament horizon(s)', which see a proliferation of bronze and gold ornaments in Southern England and Britain (respectively) during the period c.1400-1100 BC (Smith 1959; Roberts 2007).",The age and precious metal content of the bead meet the criteria for Treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act 1996.,3,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2014-03-31T23:00:00Z,2014-03-31T23:00:00Z,2015T175,,1.91,5.3,7.6,,,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Lockinge,SU4288,From a paper map,51.58929397,-1.39514884,PAS-65902F,,PAS65902F.JPG,Middle Bronze Age bead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley2/PAS65902F.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/506230.jpg
706070,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Distal end of Late Bronze Age socketed chisel, ancient break across the end of the socket, slightly assymetrically flaring cutting edge. Extant length 26mm. Width 29.5mm. Thickness 7mm. Weighs 13.39g. c.1000 to c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-27T00:00:00Z,2015-01-28T00:00:00Z,,,13.39,,,7,26,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,North Tuddenham,TG0413,From finder,52.67628399,1.01609271,NMS-6F9A0A,,NMS6F9A0AILL.jpg,Illustration of a late Bronze Age chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/NMS6F9A0AILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/518040.jpg
706304,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of the tip of a late Bronze Age copper-alloy spear. The tip is lentoid in section , with one side wing damaged more extensively close to the break. The surviving wing, in places, reaches 2.5mm in width, though this side has a number of irregular notches. The break exposes a tapering hollow centre. Parts of the break are smooth, but it is unclear whether this is owing to post-depositional wear or is an indication that the item was purposefully dismantled in antiquity, perhaps for votive or practical reasons. The fragment is likely to relate to the Ewart Park phase. The fragment measures 31mm in length, 13mm in width, and 6mm in thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-01T00:00:00Z,2015-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,6,31,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Sleaford,TF0843,From a paper map,52.9734839,-0.39313361,LIN-75113B,,LIN75113B.jpg,Late Bronze Age copper alloy spear,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN75113B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/506412.jpg
706530,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy blade probably from a sword of Late Bronze Age date. The fragment is pointed oval in cross-section with smooth curve on both surfaces and no discernible mid rib. There are old patinated breaks at each end and down each side, obscuring the original shape. However, in one corner the fragment does appear to flare out slightly, though this may be illusory; the width is generally consistent.



It is 28.05mm long, 20.7mm wide,3.7mm thick. It weighs 10.37grams. The surfaces are slightly corroded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,2014-03-31T23:00:00Z,2014-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,10.37,,,3.7,28.05,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Lockinge,SU4288,From a paper map,51.58929397,-1.39514884,PAS-9C1225,,PAS9C1225.JPG,"Late Bronze Age sword, probably",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley2/PAS9C1225.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/506501.jpg
706611,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"An incomplete copper alloy palstave fragment, of Middle Bronze Age dating (1600 BC to 1000 BC).



Around 25% of the palstave is present, consisting of the butt of the axe. The fragment is rectangular with an H shaped cross section. Both front and reverse faces have raised flanges, which taper out towards the butt. No traces of decoration are visible. Diagonal file or sharpening markings are present on the butt.



It measures 33.6 mm in length, 26.0 mm wide and 14.6 mm thick (including flanges), 6.7 mm thick (not including flanges). It weighs 38.1 g.



The palstave is a mid to dark brown colour, with an even surface patina.



A couple of similar palstave butt fragments have been recorded on the PAS database, including NMS-86C152; LIN-A5DA60 and NMGW-FC4B96.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,38.1,,,14.6,33.6,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Grimley,SO8059,From finder,52.22883263,-2.29423673,WMID-B04587,,WMIDB04587.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDB04587.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/506575.jpg
706984,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy fragment from the tip of a possible Middle or Late Bronze Age spearhead (1500-800 BC). The fragment is broadly triangular with an uneven broken edge which has been broken in antiquity. The fragment is lozenge in section, with a central raised bevel present on both faces. Along the break, there is a small rectangular hollow, possibly indicating the upper portion of a former socket.



The fragment measures 44.7 mm length, 21.4 mm wide, is 5.1 mm thick and weighs 14.5 g.



A number of comparable objects are recorded on the database, including HESH-C092E5 and SOM-DCCED7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,14.5,,,5.1,44.7,1,Caroline Chestnutt,Caroline Chestnutt,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Ulcombe,TQ8446,From finder,51.18361327,0.63136202,KENT-C8B21E,,KENTC8B21E.jpg,KENT-C8B21E- An incomplete copper-alloy fragment from the tip of a possible Middle or Late Bronze Age spearhead (1500-800 BC).,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cchestnutt/KENTC8B21E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/506908.jpg
706994,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"The tip from an incomplete cast copper alloy blade, probably a rapier of Middle Bronze Age (1600-1000 BC) date. The surviving fragment is sub-rectangular in form and has a central rib from where the blade narrows to the thin edges, making it slightly lozengiform in cross-section. The tip narrows to a blunted point at one end and terminates in old breaks at the other. The surfaces have a pitted dark green patina.



The fragment is 23.78mm long and 8.88mm wide. It narrows from 1.93mm thick at the central rib to c.0.8mm thick at the edge and weighs 1.42g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1993-12-05T00:00:00Z,,,,1.42,,,1.93,23.78,1,Joanna Cole,Joanna Cole,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bramdean and Hinton Ampner,SU5928,Centred on field,51.04832779,-1.15969959,HAMP-C8E7EA,,HAMPC8E7EA.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier Fragment,Winchester Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jojocole/HAMPC8E7EA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508921.jpg
707457,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age bronze blade, possibly a dirk of Group II or III blade with a damaged butt





The dirk is incomplete with some peripheral damage to the butt and upper part of the blade (with a length of 135.2mm and a weight of 32.6 g). The top edge of the butt is damaged and irregular, with a number of arcs, possibly related to rivet holes but none of which may now be identified with any certainty. The dirk is thinnest at the butt (with a thickness of 0.8mm) and is widest across the eroded shoulders (with a surviving width of 38.7mm). The original form of the hilt is now uncertain but there is a clear midrib on the blade, which begins comparatively near the end of the dirk (at approximately 12mm), possibly suggesting that most of the butt has been lost or possibly that the blade is reworked. The blade gradually narrows from the shoulders, giving the dirk something of a triangular form, rather than the wide-butted and slender-bladed types. The blade edges appear to have been more sharply convergent (for c. 32mm from the butt), before being more gently convergent but still straight and then converging with an arc to the tip (for c. 19mm). Both faces are very heavily-corroded, masking the detail but the midrib is evident on both faces (giving the dirk a maximum thickness of 3.0mm below the shoulders) and there is the suggestion of blade facets. The pitting on the surface has penetrated the bronze in areas and the surviving surface has a dark-brown to black patina and with an area of brown and grey corrosion. There is no surviving evidence for a hilt mark on the surface



The corrosion and fragmentary, eroded butt makes it difficult to confidently identify the blade typologically within the scheme as outlined by Burgess and Gerloff (1981) but would seem to best fit the Group II to III weapons. It is also very possible that the blade has been reworked. Group II to III blades belong to Acton Park II and Taunton Metalworking industry of the Middle Bronze Age, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Period 5, dated to 1500 - 1150BC.



1. Burgess C.B. & Gerloff S., 1981; The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IV. Band 7.

2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.6,,,,135.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,,SS6290,From finder,51.59189924,-3.99354509,NMGW-F0B7C3,,20141281jpg.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age blade, possibly a dirk of Group II or III blade with a damaged butt",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/20141281jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/507089.jpg
707570,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spear-head, dating 1500-1150 BC. The blade is leaf shaped, though the edges are incredibly worn and the tip is missing. Below the blade is a cylindrical shaft which flares towards the base. Midway along the shaft, on either side, are traces of two sideloops. The base is also incredibly worn. The entire object has a dark green patintion with patches of dark brown.



A few similar examples can be seen on the PAS database, cf.HESH-218915.Similar looped spearheads have been dated by Margaret Ehrenberg to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions (1500 - 1150 BC).This object is therefore likely to be of a similar date.



Dimensions: length: 64.87 mm; blade thickness: 3.57 mm; socket diameter: 12.34 mm; weight: 12.76g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.76,,12.34,3.57,64.87,1,B. Paites,B. Paites,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,High Easter,TL6113,Generated from computer mapping software,51.7924846,0.33311157,ESS-F3CFF5,,ESSF3CFF5Spear.jpg,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spear-head, dating 1500-1150 BC.",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESSF3CFF5Spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/507764.jpg
707783,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, thickened moulding at slightly flared mouth, side loop on one side and vertical casting seams on both sides. The elegant narrowed and faceted octagonal body flares to the broad cutting edge. Length 116mm. Width of cutting edge 50mm. Width of mouth 34.5mm. Thickness of mouth 33mm. Weight 150.88g. c. 1000-700 BC. 



(Finder's number DW9-226)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-13T00:00:00Z,2015-02-09T00:00:00Z,,,150.88,,,33,116,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7109,From finder,52.65177037,0.52645639,NMS-085938,,14432_085938_BA_Axe.jpg,Bronze Age axe head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/14432_085938_BA_Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/549017.jpg
708291,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A blade fragment of a Late Bronze Age (1150 - 800 BC) copper alloy socketed axehead consisting of the cutting edge and lower part of the body only, broken just above the start of the socket. The fragment is sub-rectangular, rectanuglar in cross-section. The cutting-edge is angular and narrow. The blade shows signs of breakage and damage. The sides of the axe are triangular, tapering towards the cutting-edge. The break is uneven on both faces and the lower portion of the socket is visible at the break, consisting of a narrow, sub-triangular hollow.The length is 36mm, the width is 35mm, thickness 16mm and the weight 40.52g. Similar examples of this can be seen in records KENT-ECBAFE, WMID-6D041B and HAMP-4A5FB6. Due to the size and condition of the fragment it is difficult to confidently assign a Type of socketed axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-03T00:00:00Z,2014-11-03T00:00:00Z,,,40.52,,,16,36,1,Emily Woolnough,Stuart Noon,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Foxley,TG0321,Centred on parish,52.74847712,1.00625961,LANCUM-587D68,,LANCUM587D68.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM587D68.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508524.jpg
708293,Punch,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy tanged punch, corroded slightly, rectangular-sectioned with transverse stop ridge at mid-point, tapering towards both damaged ends, length 112mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC. The length is 48mm, the width is 9mm, thickness 8mm and the weight 8.58g. Below the head the punch tapers to a handle that is almost circular in section at the broken end and polygonal nearer the head. This handle is broken. The object is quite narrow compared to records NMS-9B6D51 and BERK-E133A6.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-03T00:00:00Z,2014-11-03T00:00:00Z,,,8.58,,,8,48,1,Emily Woolnough,Stuart Noon,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Foxley,TG0321,Centred on parish,52.74847712,1.00625961,LANCUM-589816,,LANCUM589816.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM589816.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508527.jpg
708471,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of faceted type, Type Meldreth, variant Aylsham, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 204-8) and of late Wilburton to Ewart Park metalworking phases, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Periods 6 to 7, c. 1150 -750BC





The axe is fragmentary and damaged, missing the blade and part of the mouth and is partially filled with sediment (with a surviving length of 78.4mm and a weight of 101.6g). The socket mouth is circular and incomplete, with a little over half remaining (with a diameter of 33.0mm). Below the socket, the mouth is concave (for 11mm) before a moulding, producing the characteristic 'trumpet-shaped collar'. The loop springs from below the moulding (with a length of 21mm) and has been distorted with a blow to its midpoint, producing an undulating form. The looped side is more complete and is concave across its length, expanding towards the missing blade (with a maximum surviving width 28.0mm and a width below the loop of 25.5mm). The casting seam is evident running along the preserved side and has been finished. The body of the axe has a number of facets, seemingly twelve, which characterise the axe type. The blade of the axe appears to have been removed and significant battering above the break has closed the socket at the break (giving a thickness at the break of 11.8mm). The mouth has also received a blow, causing a part of the body to be folded into the socket. The split continues to the break at the base and has also received a significant blow above the blade. The surface is corroded and worn with a light-brown corrosion overlying a black patina.","The axe demonstrates clear evidence of deliberate damage, apparently to the mouth, the loop in addition to the faces and sides of the blade. Faceted axes have been recorded from a Late Wilburton hoard in Co. Roscommon, indicating a possible date for the type from the transition of the Wilburton-Wallington and Ewart Park metalworking phases.



1. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7

2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,101.6,,,,78.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,St. Donats,SS9368,From finder,51.40090601,-3.53955461,NMGW-5C3455,,20141581jpg.jpg,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of faceted type, Type Meldrith, variant Aylsham",All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/20141581jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/507807.jpg
708555,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, round-sectioned (7mm) pointed end and narrowed and tapering rectangular-sectioned tang. Length 53mm. Tang 4.5mm x 4mm in section. Weighs 5.76g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-13T00:00:00Z,2015-02-09T00:00:00Z,,,5.76,,,4,53,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Snettisham,TF7134,From finder,52.87628872,0.53949091,NMS-5D8426,,24432_5D8426_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze age Awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/24432_5D8426_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/549274.jpg
708566,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe. Extant length 13mm. Extant width 20mm. 4mm thick. Weight 4.97g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-13T00:00:00Z,2015-02-09T00:00:00Z,,,4.97,,,4,13,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Snettisham,TF7134,From finder,52.87628872,0.53949091,NMS-5DB9CE,,24432_5DB9CE_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Fragment of Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/24432_5DB9CE_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/549275.jpg
708729,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1200,"Middle Bronze Age bronze blade, possibly a dirk of Group II blade with a damaged butt.



The dirk is incomplete with some peripheral damage to the butt and some distortion (with a length of 131.4mm and a weight of 19.7g). The shoulders are eroded but are probably close to their original width (with a surviving width of 39.2mm). The original form of the hilt is now uncertain and there are no definitive arcs from rivet holes present along the edges although it is possible to suggest an arc at the apex, towards the more complete shoulder side. The butt is thinned (with a thickness at the apex of 0.8mm) and may have been reworked. Below the shoulders, the sides are gently concave (for 24mm) before becoming near-straight and convergent (for approximately 82mm) before converging more sharply above the tip. The blade outline is comparatively triangular and perhaps suggests a Group II blade. The blade section is now difficult to determine with no midrib or mid-ridge discernible although there is the tentative suggestion of ephemeral surface marks or facets. The blade achieves a maximum thickness (of 2.3mm) below the butt and gradually thins to the tip (at 1.4mm thick).



The blade edges have been lost and are now rounded on one edge and stripped on the other. The original surface has been lost and the metal is heavily-corroded with a grey-brown to black patina and with areas of pale-green corrosion. There is no surviving evidence for a hilt mark on the surface.","The blade has bowed slightly along its length in both directions so it has a low wave-like side profile. Due to the thin nature of the blade, this could be the result of soil warping or another post-depositional process. Alternatively, it may be the result of heat warping, as seen on burnt Early Bronze Age daggers, or deliberately distortion by some other means. The poor surface condition is indicative of burning damage.



The corrosion and peripheral damage makes it difficult to confidently identify the blade typologically with the scheme as outlined by Burgess and Gerloff (1981) but the triangular form would seem to best fit the Group II weapons with damaged or reworked butts. Group II have a suggested date range spanning the Early to Middle Bronze Age transition (ibid., p 45), and largely belong to Acton Park Metalworking industry but continue into Taunton Metalworking, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Period 4 - 5, and perhaps can be dated to c. 1600 - 1200BC.



1. Burgess C.B. & Gerloff S., 1981; The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IV. Band 7.



2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.7,,,,131.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Castle,SS6591,From finder,51.60161274,-3.95064992,NMGW-709985,,20141752jpg.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age blade, possibly a dirk of Group II blade",All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/20141752jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/507938.jpg
708736,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper alloy blade, probably a blade edge fragment from a Bronze Age axe of indeterminate type and date.

The axe is fragmentary, represented by the blade edge only (with a width of 36.5mm, a surviving length of 14.0mm, a maximum surviving thickness of 6.0mm and a weight of 11.0g). The break occurred in antiquity and there is no socket base evident on the fragment. The blade edge is convex and is incomplete, with approximately two-thirds represented. The original edge has been lost through corrosion. The surface is heavily-pitted and corroded and very little of original surface survives with a green-black patina.",The small fragment represented makes any identification uncertain.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11,,,6,14,1,,Wenke Domscheit,,,,,,,,,NMGW-70ABE9,,20141753jpg.jpg,"Unknown period: blade, probably a blade edge fragment from a Bronze Age axe of indeterminate type",All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/20141753jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/507941.jpg
708797,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Middle Bronze Age bronze side-looped socketed spearhead of Davis' (2012, 53-58) Group 4: Plain kite blade, dating to the Acton Park metalworking phase (1500-1400 BC) (Needham et al. 1997).



The spearhead is near-complete with peripheral damage to the mouth and tip (with a length of 103.9mm and a weight of 66.0g). The socket is circular (with an internal diameter of 17.2mm and an external diameter of 20.2mm) and has a rounded step just above the mouth. The socket has not been completely cleaned-out (and has a current depth of 23mm) and contains bronze corrosion. The sides of the socket are near-straight and convergent towards the blade. The loops are flat topped of sub-lozenge shape (14mm long by 6mm wide), which begin 21mm from the socket mouth. The perforations beneath the loops are slender and oval, containing sediment (4.0-5.7mm long and 2mm high). Both sides have a ridge, running between the mouth and the loop and between the top of the loop and the base of the blade, resulting from the careful finishing of the casting seams. There appear to be decorative grooves flanking the loops.



The short blade can be described as ""kite-shaped"" (with a maximum width near its base of 23.0mm and a length of 48mm) with flat blade edges. The socket continues into the blade as a narrowing and more angular midrib. Weak blade facets are discernible but are now worn. The spearhead has been very neatly finished with no casting flashes evident. The surface of the spearhead is preserved with a dark green patina. Deep sharpening striations are evident beneath the patina running along both sides of the blade and onto the midrib on both faces.","Davis (2012, 53f.) presents plain side-looped spearheads with a kite-shaped blade as his Group 4 for Britain. These are further sub-divided into two types, based on the overall size of the spearhead and the shape of the loop plates. The present examples can be classed as Type 4A due to it being over 90mm and having lozenge-shaped loop plates. Davis (2012) records 21 Type 4A spearheads, though this example is the first from a secure context in Wales. Previously, one was known from the Museum of Aberystwyth, but without any provenance. A spearhead of a similar form was found at Marbury cum Quoisley in Cheshire (PAS LVPL-69F851).



A similar side-looped spearhead was found in the Thames at Mortlake, now in the Museum of London , and had remnants of the wooden shaft surviving. The shaft was radiocarbon dated by Needham et al (1997, DOB 31) to 1680 - 1400BC (with 95% confidence).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,66,,,,103.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llantwit Major,SS9967,From finder,51.39301857,-3.45304809,NMGW-715DFC,,20141711jpg.jpg,Middle Bronze Age socketed spearhead,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/20141711jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/507961.jpg
708969,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe probably of Type Portree or a variant, possibly Variant Kalemouth, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p. 184-90) possibly dating to the transition of the Wilburton-Wallington and Ewart Park metalworking phases corresponding to Needham's (1996) Periods 6 to 7, c. 1150 -750BC.





The axe is of 'Baggy' form and is incomplete, missing the mouth and loop (with a surviving length of 55.5mm and a weight of 74.8g with the wood in the socket and 73.3g without). The top of the axe has broken or is eroded, probably just below the mouth. The mouth is oval to sub-rectangular (31.4mm wide and 25.1mm deep). The socket is rectangular (21.7mm x 13.6mm and 36.8mm deep) and when reported, contained the distorted wooden remains, probably of the handle. After the removal of the wood, no internal ribs were identified at the base of the socket. The poor preservation of the wood has made it difficult to obtain a species identification. There is a horizontal collar moulding, now heavily worn, positioned at the top of the loop. The loop has mostly been lost, with only the basal stubs now surviving (with a length of 17.0mm). The casting seams are evident on both sides and appear to have been finished. The sides are near-straight, only very gently concave and parallel for approximately half their lengths before diverging to produce a moderately expanded blade edge (with a width of 37.1mm). The axe has an oval to sub-rectangular body section (31.0mm x 16mm below the loop) without any facets. The faces are convex across their widths and comparatively flat across their lengths, converging more sharply above the blade but without a discernible blade facet. The original surface has been lost and is striped and heavily-pitted with a pale-green corrosion.","The truncated mouth makes precise typological identification difficult. The axe has the 'baggy' form, of types well represented in Ireland. The axe would appear to best fit Eogan's (2000, p 20-30) Class 2 A or B with a suggested date range from the 11th to 9th centuries BC (ibid, p 30). Axes of type 2 have a distribution largely in the northern half of Ireland, although examples are recorded from as far south as Cork (ibid. pl. 113B).



1. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7

2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140

3. Eogan, G., 2000; The Socketed Axes in Ireland; Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, Band 22",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,74.8,,,,55.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,The Havens,SM8513,From finder,51.77426864,-5.11782427,NMGW-7399CD,,20141631jpg.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe probably of Type Portree or a variant,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/20141631jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508023.jpg
709086,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Early to Middle Bronze Age bronze Group I, Primary Shield Pattern palstave of Acton Park Metalworking Industry and of Needham's (1996) Periods 4-5, c. 1600 - 1400BC.





The palstave is near-complete, missing one blade tip (with a length of 163mm, it was not possible to obtain a weight). The butt is near-straight. (22.3mm wide and 5mm thick). The sides are straight and near-parallel as far as the stop and is comparatively slender (at 25.0mm wide and 25.4mm wide at the stop). The sides are not nicked below the stop but are concave and divergent to produce a moderately expanded blade edge but has lost one of the blade tips (with a surviving width of 59.7mm) and has also lost the original blade edge. There was no loop and the casting seams are evident on both sides and have ben finished, probably by hammering. The flanges begin below the butt (approximately 13mm) and are now truncated but are straight, gradually rising towards the stop (where the axe has a maximum thickness of 22.1mm) but do not continue onto the blade. The septum has a slight concavity across its width and has a consistent thickness. The stop has a gentle curve and is slightly undercut (with a height above the septum of 8.2mm and 6mm above the blade). Below the stop on the blade is a shallow shield-shaped depression (21mm long), characteristic of the palstave type. The blade is convex across both its width and length. There is the suggestion of two weak blade facets and discernible hammer marks are present on the lower part of the blade. Sharpening striations are evident running off the blade edge. The surface has a dark-brown patina with more recent surface damage and loss with a bright green corrosion. The surface has been treated by the finder, possibly altering the patina colour.","The axe is an early example of the palstave form and it has been argued (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, pp. 125) that North-East Wales and the Marches was the source of this form of axe type.



1. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140

2. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



(Record Produced at a 'Finds day' with limited equipment and references - the quality of record will not be of usual standards)",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,22.1,163,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Denbighshire,Denbighshire,Denbigh,SJ0466,From finder,53.18240621,-3.43799704,NMGW-844D42,,20142041jpg.jpg,Early to Middle Bronze Age palstave,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/20142041jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508073.jpg
709151,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age bronze blade.





The blade is incomplete and fragmentary, in two pieces (the upper fragment has a length and weight of 75.2mm and 25.2g respectively, the lower part is similarly 39.6mm and 8.5g, with a combined dimensions of 110.9mm and 33.7g). The butt or hilt is missing with no evidence for rivet holes or a tang but the top of the blade does not appear to be widening (with a width of 17.2mm). The blade has a prominent rounded midrib of consistent width and thickness (of 4.0mm width and 4.0mm thick). The original blade edges have been lost but the surviving edge is comparatively straight (with a maximum surviving width of 24.8mm) for most of its surviving length. The blade appears to taper near one end (from approximately 39mm) and is likely to have been approaching the missing tip. There is the suggestion of a slight step from the midrib to the blade and the blade profile appears to be slightly convex. There is clear suggestion of a bend prior to breaking at the fracture. The surface is heavily corroded with dark-green patina and with suggestions of sharpening striations.","
The following comment has been offered by Mr Matt Knight (pers. comm.):



Bent and broken blades are known throughout the Bronze Age, with fragmentation particularly common in the Late Bronze Age. The form of this is blade is suggestive of a Late Bronze Age form, perhaps the lower blade of a sword. The breakage into several pieces, as well as the associated bend, may indicate this damage was the result of intent. However, bending and breakage has been known to occur through use.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.2,,,,75.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Wenke Domscheit,Wales,Flintshire,Flintshire,,SJ1079,From finder,53.30027799,-3.35191911,NMGW-872F95,,20142056jpg.jpg,Bronze Age bronze blade,All rights reserved,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/20142056jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508183.jpg
709201,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date. The fragment is the blade end including the base of the socketed area. It is trapezoidal in shape with a worn cutting edge and flared rounded corners. The cross-section is a tapering rectangle which is broken to the wider end. The breaks are old and worn.



The metal has a dark brownish-green patina and is worn. The fragment is 31.9mm long, 47.8mm wide, 15.1mm thick and weighs 54.5g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1000 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,54.5,,,18.1,31.9,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bielby,SE7944,GPS (from the finder),53.88617948,-0.79957483,YORYM-88A024,,SHo0211.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/SHo0211.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508809.jpg
709454,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A (probably later) Bronze Age (c.1150-800 BC) copper alloy tanged awl, missing the tip of its tang (recent damage).

The body of the awl is conical in shape, being rather more square in cross-section at its widest end and measuring 8.2x7.8mm. It narrows to a rounded point (2.3mm in diameter) over  25.5mm. The tang is square in cross-section where it extends from the wide end of the conical body, measuring 5.7x5.6mm. It thins to 2.5mm thick and 5.8mm wide at the recent break.

The patina is a smooth, shiny green in colour with patches of a brighter green corrosion product. The damaged end of the tang and the very tip of the conical body show a purple-brown coloured surface beneath.

The awl measures 56.3mm in incomplete length, 8.2mm in max. width, 7.8mm in max.thickness and weighs 8.59g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-09T00:00:00Z,2014-11-09T00:00:00Z,,,8.59,,,7.8,56.3,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Over Wallop,SU2939,Generated from computer mapping software,51.14953043,-1.58677235,HAMP-9D75CA,,HAMP9D75CA.jpg,Bronze Age awlha,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP9D75CA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/509337.jpg
709552,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A fragment of a probable Bronze Age razor. Few original edges are present although the inside curves of the tang and blade junction survive. One surface is very pitted. The fragment has a flat slightly lens-like section although on one side a midrib is more prominent.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.97,,,2.12,26.23,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,,,,,,,,,SUR-C7815B,,15234.JPG,Bronze Age: Possible razor,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15234.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/513282.jpg
709726,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bronze Age (-1000 to -800) blade fragment: The cast copper alloy blade fragment is a pointed oval in cross-section with smooth curve on both surfaces and a very slight mid rib on both faces. The breaks arcoss the blade are not old, but not too recent. The surface of the blade has a heavy mid green patina which is slightly pitted. It measures 18mm long, 15.09mm wide, 4.1mm thick. It weighs 4.41 grams. 



It is probably a fragment from a sword or rapier of the Late Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-10-30T00:00:00Z,2015-01-29T00:00:00Z,,,4.41,,,4.1,18,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Evesham,SP0345,From a paper map,52.10332635,-1.95761511,WAW-DCFAEA,,WAWDCFAEA.jpg,Bronze Age sword or rapier blade fragment (plan and reverse).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWDCFAEA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508465.jpg
709819,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A blade fragment of a Late Bronze Age (1150 - 800 BC) copper alloy socketed axehead. The fragment is sub-rectangular, rectangular in cross-section and consists of the cutting-edge and approximately one third of the blade. The cutting-edge is angular and narrow, with one damaged corner. The sides of the axe are triangular, tapering towards the cutting-edge, with visible casting seams present on both sides. The break is uneven on both faces and the lower portion of the socket is visible at the break, consisting of a narrow, sub-rectangular hollow.



It measures 33.8 mm in length. 35.6 mm wide, 15.4 mm thick and weighs 64.6 g.



Due to the fragmentary nature of this object, it is very difficult to confidently assign a Type of socketed axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-12-13T00:00:00Z,,,,34.6,,,15.4,33.8,1,Caroline Chestnutt,Caroline Chestnutt,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Heath,TQ7355,Generated from computer mapping software,51.26789682,0.47847318,KENT-ECBAFE,,KENTECBAFE.jpg,KENT-ECBAFE - A blade fragment of a Late Bronze Age (1150 - 800 BC) copper alloy socketed axehead.,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cchestnutt/KENTECBAFE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508530.jpg
710001,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1200,"An early to middle Bronze Age copper-alloy flat axehead. The butt is wedge-shaped, and slightly concave along the edge. The body is rectangular in section, and flares to the blade. The body may have had flanges, but these are not clear from the photo. The blade is crescent shaped, and has a small notch, presumably damage, towards one edge.



From the end of the shaft to the blade edge the aze measures 68mm. From point to point on the blade it measures 55mm. The axe measures 10mm in width at its widest point.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-02-22T00:00:00Z,2015-02-22T00:00:00Z,,,,,,10,68,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Tattershall,TF2058,GPS (from the finder),53.10570615,-0.20894485,LIN-F0DF5C,,LINF0DF5C.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LINF0DF5C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/508633.jpg
710027,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1150,"Copper alloy loop of a Palstave axe dating to the early Bronze Age (circa 2550 BC - 1500 BC). The loop is in good condition and does not appear to be damaged. The patina is dark brown. Records NMGW-0BA169 and NMGW-FDCDF0 indicate what the loop would have looked like attached to the axe. The length is 32mm, the width is 15mm, thickness 10mm and the weight 11.24g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-03T00:00:00Z,2015-03-03T00:00:00Z,,,11.24,,,10,32,1,Emily Woolnough,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD7539,Centred on parish,53.84663226,-2.38146836,LANCUM-F169B8,,LANCUMF169B8.jpg,Early Bronze Age copper alloy Palstave axe loop,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/AlexIdris/LANCUMF169B8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/644721.jpg
710513,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, both ends broken and all on one side of the midrib lost in antiquity. There is no part of the socket present. Extant length 23.5mm. Thickness 9mm. Weight 9.48g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-20T00:00:00Z,2015-02-16T00:00:00Z,,,9.48,,,9,23.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Deopham,TG0300,GPS (from the finder),52.55995248,0.99334558,NMS-18FBC2,,59745_18FBC2_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Spearhead fragment,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/59745_18FBC2_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/560621.jpg
710806,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,A copper alloy Thorndon type socketed knife found in two pieces. The knife is in good condition apart from a concreted lump on the blade. Close striations are visible on the exterior of the socket. The knife measures 31.9mm and has a width aross the widest part of 29.7mm. The socket is 128.63mm in length and the hole which runs across the socket is 4.93mm in diameter.,Cf. NMGW-6F3FF3,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-12-21T00:00:00Z,,,,44.76,,,14.38,104.35,1,Peter Reavill,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-5680D4,,15254.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed knife,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15254.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/513731.jpg
710807,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
The copper alloy blade of a probable late Bronze Age socketed axe. There is no trace of the socket so this may be a palstave axe. The axe is rectangular in section at the break and has splayed blade terminals.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-12-29T00:00:00Z,,,,28.62,,,8.12,31.92,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-5691B9,,15255.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15255.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/513737.jpg
710808,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A fragment of the butt of a Middle to Later Bronze Age palstave axe. Part of one side wing survives but neither terminal nor stop ridge is present.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-12-29T00:00:00Z,,,,21.62,,,14.79,26.62,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Alderminster,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-56A13C,,15256.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15256.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/513739.jpg
710809,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,"
A fragment of a part molten, possibly Bronze Age, copper alloy object. The fragment has a rounded D-shape in section and has one flat side.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-17T00:00:00Z,,,,17.85,,,9.38,37.44,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-56AE16,,15257.JPG,Bronze Age: Metalworking debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15257.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/513744.jpg
711156,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Mouth fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead decorated with closely spaced longitudinal ribs. The breaks are not recent. Extant length 31.5mm. Weight 12.06g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-20T00:00:00Z,2015-02-18T00:00:00Z,,,12.06,,,,31.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Attleborough,TM0393,Centred on field,52.4971091,0.98907266,NMS-70DCC9,,NMS70DCC9.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead fragment,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/NMS70DCC9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/524725.jpg
711465,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, leaf-shaped blade with ribs flanking the tapering central socket and with a radial rib above the socket. The end is filled with ferrous concretion. Some nicks in the sharp cutting edges, damaged point. Length 109.5mm. Width 29mm. Diameter of socket 20.5- 21.5mm. Weight 61.18g. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-29T00:00:00Z,2015-02-26T00:00:00Z,,,61.18,,21.5,,109.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Beeston with Bittering,TF9116,,52.70795411,0.82580202,NMS-853213,,60366_853213_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age spear head,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/60366_853213_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/540416.jpg
711724,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A fragment of a copper alloy plano-convex bun ingot of Bronze Age date. Unfortunately the weight was not taken.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,27.54,69.62,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5884,GPS (from the finder),51.55191577,-1.16487958,SUR-9A2783,,B15135.JPG,Bronze Age: Ingot fragment,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B15135.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/511220.jpg
712614,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, worn and very corroded, point missing, broken across socket which ends just beyond the break. Extant length 44mm. Width 15mm. Weighs 13.96g. 1000-701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-02-04T00:00:00Z,2015-03-03T00:00:00Z,,,13.96,,,,44,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Stockton,TM3893,,52.48297581,1.50370605,NMS-15AAB6,,NMS15AAB6_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age spear illustration,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/NMS15AAB6_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/525086.jpg
712683,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A complete, copper alloy, Quoit Headed Pin of the Middle Bronze Age Period, circa 1500 BC - 1150 BC.



The shaft of the pin is complete and tapers to a sharp point at the distal (furthest) end, it is circular in cross section. The shaft is bent at the point where it meets the head of the pin. The pin shaft angles to the right towards the distal end of the pin. The head of the pin is circular in plan and circular in cross section, and is complete. It has an external diameter of 27.4 mm and an internal diameter of 20.6 mm. The pin is undecorated but does show evidence of silvering on the surface.



The pin measures 78.7 mm in length, and the head has a diameter of 27.4 mm. It has a thickness of 3.4 mm and weighs 6.4 g.



The pin is a mid brown in colour, with evidence of silvering in places, mostly on the front of the pin at the proximal (closest, or head) end. It has an uneven patina. Abrasion caused by movement in the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail.



Dr Eleanor Blakelock (Birmingham Museums Trust) tested three areas on the pin using a Mistral Tabletop XRF machine. The areas tested were: a silvered area, a cleaned area that revealed silver from the surface layers, and the final area was further down the pin to assess the core metal composition. The XRF results would indicate that the pin has been silvered.






Test area

			
Gold (Au)

			
Silver (Ag)

			
Copper (Cu)

			
Tin (Sn)

			
Zinc (Zn)

			
Lead (Pb)

			
Mercury (Hg)

			
Iron (Fe)

		


Cleaner Silvered area

			
0.00

			
53.28

			
20.20

			
0.20

			
3.45

			
1.02

			
0.00

			
21.85

		


Silvered area

			
0.00

			
38.51

			
57.86

			
0.32

			
0.00

			
0.21

			
0.00

			
3.09

		


Base of pin

			
0.00

			
0.16

			
82.61

			
0.13

			
0.95

			
4.12

			
0.00

			
12.04

		



Other examples of this type of pin can be seen on the Database, including SF9909, SOMDOR-839ED2, SF-81BA51, SF-54D866 and BUC-7C4708. All have been given a date of around 1500 BC - 1150 BC. Pins of this type are more commonly found in Eastern and Southern Britain.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-10-27T00:00:00Z,2014-10-27T00:00:00Z,,,6.4,,27.4,3.4,78.7,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Warwick,"Beausale, Haseley, Honiley and Wroxall",SP2172,Centred on field,52.34567559,-1.693155,WMID-175A38,,WMID175A38.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Quoit Headed Pin,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID175A38.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/510415.jpg
713005,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"An incomplete Late Bronze Age socketed axe head dating to the period c. 1600 - 800 BC. The fragment consists of part of the mouth and the haft end of the body. It measures 23.12mm in length, 28.03mm in width, is 6.86mm thick and weighs 12.32g.



The mouth consists of a single moulded ridge 6.86mm thick with a casting seam visible running around the top. Below is a shallower horizontal ridge below which the fragment terminates in an old break. The reverse is slightly concave.



The axehead has an uneven dark green patina with a greyish sheen indicating a high tin content.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.32,,,6.86,23.12,1,Julie Dawn Shoemark,Julie Dawn Shoemark,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Heytesbury,ST9240,,51.15919383,-2.11577789,WILT-2D35FA,,WILT2D35FA.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jshoemark/WILT2D35FA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/514324.jpg
713034,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1100,"An incomplete copper-alloy probable chisel or possibly a palstave dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1600 - 1100 BC. Only the blade end of the object survives. The cutting edge is 37mm wide and the sides then taper to 22.2mm wide at the break, where it is 20.4mm thick and a rounded rectangle in cross-section. No evidence of the side flages or stop ridge survive making the object hard to classify and date confidently.



The narrowness of the blade and thickness at the break are perhaps more similar to chisels such as NMS-894E92, SF2649 and SOMDOR-7B3C43 on this database, but it does not seem to have the horizontal sides of the more common chisel form, as seen on SF-09D1D5 and SUSS-D93644 on this database. However, small, narrow-bladed palstaves belonging to the Taunton phase (1400-1300 BC) of metalworking or possibly to the slightly earlier Acton Park II period, (c.1500-1400 BC); (both corresponding with Needham's period 5, 1500 - 1150 CAL BC) are also similar, especially in the rapid thickening from blade to break. It was perhaps similar to SOM-1DE687, HAMP-996311 or the axeheads in GLO-6535E4. Further arguments on either side are given in SOM-2B70A5.



The tool is 60.4mm long, 36.7mm wide and 20.4mm thick. 136g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-25T00:00:00Z,2015-01-25T00:00:00Z,,,136,,,20.4,60.4,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Bishop Norton,SK9790,Generated from computer mapping software,53.39792644,-0.5426346,SWYOR-2DED2C,,PAS_2479_BA.jpg,Bronze Age chisel or palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2479_BA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/510734.jpg
713997,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2400,1500,"Copper cake casting waste probably Bronze Age but could be Medieval. The length is 75mm, the width is 62mm thickness and the weight 289.11g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-02T00:00:00Z,2015-03-02T00:00:00Z,,,4.91,,,,30,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Beverley,TA0339,Centred on parish,53.83705222,-0.4362462,LANCUM-ABC965,,LANCUMABC965.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMABC965.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/511354.jpg
714220,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-700,"Socketed spearhead with strong midrib, broken on one side and at springing of socket, ancient breaks. Damaged point. Middle or Late Bronze Age. Extant length 50mm. Width 19.5mm. c.1600 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-02-12T00:00:00Z,2015-03-11T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,15,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Hockering,TG0713,From finder,52.6751474,1.06039973,NMS-BF453D,,NMSBF453D.jpg,Illustration of Bronze Age Spearhead fragment,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/NMSBF453D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/518065.jpg
714262,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,800,"An fragment of a possible Late Bronze Age copper alloy chisel, dating 1000-700BC. The object is sub-rectangular in shape, tapering slightly from one end to the other. The object would have been hollow, as only part of it remains showing one face and part of one other face. The object has a mid-dark green pattination across the surface and is rather worn considerably worn along the breaks.



A similar though more decorative example has been recorded on the PAS database (DOR-EE8574). The example on the database is Late Bronze Age in date, making it likely that this object is of a similar date.



Dimensions: length: 44.96 mm; width: 23.24 mm; thickness: 4.05 mm; weight: 22.13g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,22.13,,,4.05,44.96,1,B. Paites,B. Paites,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,St. Osyth and Point Clear,TM1115,From finder,51.79383429,1.05834977,ESS-C0585A,,ESSC0585AChisel.jpg,"An fragment of a possible Late Bronze Age copper alloy chisel, dating 1000-700BC.",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESSC0585AChisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/513403.jpg
714309,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy button, circular plano-convex with two broad, deeply engraved concentric grooves on the face. There is an integral rectangular loop on the slightly hollow reverse, with an unusually slender aperture (5 X 0.5 mm). Very similar to two examples from the Reach Fen hoard, Cambridgeshire (cf. Inventaria Archaeologica, Hawkes and Smith, 1956, GB.17 3 (3) no. 26 - 27), NHER 37128 and NMS-960333. Diameter: 19 mm. 3 mm thick. Weight: 4.28g. 1,000 - 701 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-02-12T00:00:00Z,2015-03-11T00:00:00Z,,,4.28,,19,3,,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Rockland St. Mary,TG3204,From finder,52.58426982,1.42319051,NMS-D02D45,,NMSD02D45.jpg,Roman button,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/NMSD02D45.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/518061.jpg
714434,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age (-1000 to -800) bronze sword or rapier fragment : The sword, if that what it is, is fragmentary and comprises the probably base of the hilt and top of the blade. The copper alloy fragment is a sub-oval in plan, with all the edges being broken, but not recently. The blade portion of the hilt has a elongated rounded lozenge, with a slight rib in the centre. The upper portion of the hilt is flattened on both faces. The surface has a well-developed mid grey/green coloured patina which is slightly pitted. It measures 36.3mm long, 25.57mm wide, 4.44mm thick and weighs 13.17g. 



The fragment is probably a late Bronze Age (-1000 to -800) bronze sword or rapier.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-01-01T00:00:00Z,2014-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,13.17,,,4.44,36.3,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Tanworth-in-Arden,SP1469,From finder,52.31892712,-1.79603421,WAW-DA10A4,,WAWDA10A4.jpg,Bronze Age sword or rapier blade fragment (plan and reverse).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWDA10A4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/511873.jpg
715493,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1001,"Distal end of an Early or Middle Bronze Age copper alloy axehead with a crescentic cutting edge, along all of which there is recent scuffing. The brown patination has also been lost in places, while the ancient break is partly covered by ferrous staining. Extant length 40mm. Width 58mm. Thickness 17mm. Weight 94.07g. c.2350 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-02-17T00:00:00Z,2015-03-16T00:00:00Z,,,,,,17,40,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Antingham,TG2431,Centred on field,52.82993475,1.32369771,NMS-941771,,39571_941771_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age axehead. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/39571_941771_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/571798.jpg
715530,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"
A fragment of a cast copper alloy sword blade of Bronze Age date. Both faces are rounded and the blade edges are both worn away.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.88,,,6.82,27.58,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,Merstham,TQ2854,GPS (from the finder),51.27078475,-0.1665174,SUR-A4DACD,,15294.JPG,Bronze age: Sword,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/15294.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/515968.jpg
715932,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"An incomplete and worn copper-alloy blade fragment probably of Bronze Age date 2150-800BC, perhaps from a knife, rapier or similar item. The blade is a flat diamond in section, each edge sloping from a central spine which is flattened on one surface, the flat area being appx 4mm wide along the length of the fragment. The opposite surface does not exhibit the same flattening.It has a greenish patina, with some brownish pitting.The length is 28mm, the width is 17mm thickness 5mm and the weight 6.67g.



Similar to GLO-71F6AF and SF-E15226",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-13T23:00:00Z,2015-04-13T23:00:00Z,,,6.67,,,5,28,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,South West,Gloucestershire,Cotswold,Northleach with Eastington,SP1114,From finder,51.82451461,-1.84180013,LANCUM-D2A768,,LANCUMD2A768.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMD2A768.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/512912.jpg
716215,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-750,"An incomplete copper ally tanged chisel of Late Bronze Age date, probably of Ewart Park metalworking industry, c. 1000 - 750 BC. All that survives of this chisel is the blade, which is broken where it narrows at the top, just below where it would have formed into the tang. The blade is worn and has a light green, slightly powdery patina to it, which indicated its probably Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.3,,,3.7,34.35,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Nutley,SU5942,Centred on field,51.17420311,-1.15741432,BERK-E75512,,2014905.jpg,Bronze Age chisel: Chisel blade,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2014905.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/513952.jpg
716621,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete Late Bronze Age copper alloy spear, dating to 1150 - 800 BC. The spear consists of a triangular-shaped blade, which tapers towards the tip. The blade has beveled blade wings, with one cutting-edge complete with minor damage, while the other is missing fragments of the edge due to old damage. The blade wings extend from the socket at a right angle. The blade has a circular cross-sectioned mid-rib which gradually widens towards the base of the blade to form the socket. The mid-rib has bordering moulded grooves on both sides of the blade. 



On one side of the socket, approximately 18.0 mm below the edge of the blade is a sub-triangular peghole, which is approximately 6.5 mm in length. The spear measures 194.0 mm in length, 32.8 mm wide, 21.4 mm in diameter at the socket, 3.3 mm wall thickness at the socket and weighs 147.07 g.



Pegged spearheads are very varied and the blades are frequently leaf-shaped, with one or two pegholes. An incomplete spear with a comparable blade is recorded on the database as LIN-E2B925.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,147.07,,21.4,3.3,194,1,Caroline Chestnutt,Caroline Chestnutt,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Stockton,ST9636,From finder,51.12326854,-2.05853319,WILT-0E9825,,WILT0E9825.jpg,Bronze Age spear,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT0E9825.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/518982.jpg
717692,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a copper alloy developed axe or palstave dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age c. 1500 - 1150 BC. Only the butt survives; the fragment is sub-rectangular in shape. The axe has an uneven, angular butt, with sides that gradually taper towards the break. One side of the fragment has slight flanged sides, which develop close to the break, created a 'T'-shaped cross-section and both faces of the axe fragment are slightly concave. The faces of the axe show signs of wear, such as scratches and the break is patinated, suggesting that the object was broken in antiquity.



The fragment measures 26.2 mm in length, 22.1 mm wide, 10.7 mm thick and weighs 21.6 g. 



Due to the fragmentary nature of the object, it is difficult to confidently assign a Type, although the fragment does appear to be indicative of a palstave rather than a developed axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.6,,,10.7,26.2,1,Caroline Chestnutt,Caroline Chestnutt,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,Generated from computer mapping software,51.01537053,-1.95860828,WILT-A17D02,,WILTA17D02.jpg,Bronze Age palstave or axe,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTA17D02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/514234.jpg
717702,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a copper alloy palstave with casting flaw, dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age c. 1500 - 1150 BC. The fragment is sub-rectangular in shape and only the butt survives. The axe has an angular butt and the sides gradually widen towards the break. Both sides of the palstave have high developed flanges, which increase gradually from the butt to from sub-triangular sides. 



The faces of the axe fragment are slightly concave, creating a H-shaped cross-section. There is a large casting flaw on one face, in the form of an air bubble. The bubble extends the entirety of the palstave's thickness, likely creating a point of weakness and contributing to the eventual break. The faces of the axe show signs of wear, such as scratches and the break is even and patinated, suggesting that the object was broken in antiquity. Due to the fragmentary nature of the object, it is difficult to confidently assign a Type. 



The fragment measures 27.6 mm in length, 25.4 mm wide, 14.9 mm thick and weighs 25.4 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.4,,,14.9,27.6,1,Caroline Chestnutt,Caroline Chestnutt,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,Generated from computer mapping software,51.01537053,-1.95860828,WILT-A1ED33,,WILTA1ED33.jpg,Bronze Age palstave fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTA1ED33.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/514233.jpg
718017,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, both ends missing (recent breaks). The tang is of sub-square cross-section and the blade sub-circular. At the centre the cross-section is almost square (2.8 x 3mm). Extant length 32mm. Weight 1.49g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-07-20T23:00:00Z,2014-12-08T00:00:00Z,,,1.49,,,2.8,32,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,West Acre,TF7715,Generated from computer mapping software,52.70372901,0.61827692,NMS-E67DB6,,28744_E67DB6_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/28744_E67DB6_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155982.jpg
718052,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy blade. Cast blade from a short stabbing rapier or dagger; possibly the former reduced to the latter by sharpening over a prolonged period. Dot Boughton kindly advised upon the identification and dating of the object. The blade has a rounded end tapering to a point with sharp sides. The section is lentoid, and thinned by sharpening which has introduced a waisted form to its mid section. The blade expands towards the hilt, with sloped shoulders and a tang of rectangular section which is torn at a single drilled hole of diameter 4.5mm which appears to have cut across the U-shaped end of the tang. This may be damage from loss of plates forming a handle, or may relate to its repair.



The thickness noted at the tang may continue along the blade to about half way along it as a species of mid rib, though there are no other features to show this was a deliberately formed or maintained feature. Fine diagonal striations appear along both sides of the blade; this might be taken as further evidence for sharpening in antiquity, followed by deposition in extremely favourable conditions for the preservation of the surface of the metal. The edges of the blade remain sharp. However, the finder is an enthusiastic cleaner and refurbisher of his artefacts, so some or all of this evidence may be of recent date. Some pale green pitting on the upper part of the blade appears to be of some age, though the smoothing of surfaces around it may not be. The lower part of the blade is slightly up-turned. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800 BC.



Length: 150mm, Width (at shoulders): 19.0mm, Thickness (blade): 3.6mm, Thickness (tang): 3.4mm, Weight: 35.19gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-13T23:00:00Z,,,,35.19,,,3.6,150,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,,,,,,,,,NLM-F55856,,NLM28494.jpg,Bronze Age Dagger,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM28494.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/514589.jpg
718196,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-700,-500,"A late Bronze Age or early Iron Age cast copper-alloy miniature socketed axe measuring 17.39mm by 13.01mm. The socket is shallow, and the loop is a circular hole inset from the edge of the axe. The blade is blunt and flat.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-02-07T00:00:00Z,,,,6.38,,,8.33,17.39,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-FA65B0,,15532.JPG,Bronze Age: Miniature socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15532.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/520271.jpg
718269,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A mid Bronze Age copper-alloy leaf-shaped razor. 93mm long, 27mmm wide and 3mm thick with a weight of 19.33grams.



The razor has a leaf-shaped (pointed oval) form with a projecting rectangular cross-sectioned tang at one end. The blade runs the length of each side and is intact at its upper pointed edge, but damaged along the sides. It has a pronounced angular mid rib visible on one face and just a hint of a rib on the other. The tang is bent round to form a hook like shape and is not pierced as in some cases. The nearest comparable example is WAW-878535, the object dates to 2,150-1,500 BC



See also Watson, P. 1993 no. 76, a razor metal detected in 1986 in Bewdley Worcestershire and now in Birmingham museum  (1987.A218.)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2015-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,19.33,,,3,93,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Clanfield,SP2901,GPS (from the finder),51.70699339,-1.58171638,LEIC-081BB1,,LEIC081BB1.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy razor,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC081BB1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/515225.jpg
718352,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,410,"A copper alloy possible horse harness ring of Bronze Age to Roman date (c. 1000 BC - AD 410). The ring measures 20.95mm in diameter (internal diameter 9.9mm), is 5.75mm thick and weighs 9.13 grams. It is circular in shape with a defined circumferential ridge running around the centre and flattened faces above and below. The interior surface also features a defined circumferential ridge, creating a hexagonal cross section. The interior surface exhibits scratch or wear marks which appear to have occured during use. The ring has a pitted dark brown patina with patches of green.



Similar rings have been discovered in a number of Bronze Age hoards and have been suggested as horse harness fittings, as being part of the handles of a sheet-metal cauldron of Class A1 (Type Tul-na-cross) and Class B1 (Types Llyn Fawr, Ballyshannon and Castlederg) (Gerloff 2010, Pl. 17, 7b; Pl.32, 14a; Pl. 33, 14f-h; Pl. 34, 15d, Pl. 54, 33c and Pl. 66, 37g)., or part of a chain from which a cauldron or other vessel was suspended over a fire.



Cf. WILT-9439A7 for a similar example on the database.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.13,,20.95,5.75,,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0644,From finder,51.19518893,-1.91551571,WILT-0C563E,,WILT0C563E.jpg,Bronze Age to Roman possible harness ring,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT0C563E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/514680.jpg
719269,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy gouge (1150 - 800 BC). The gouge consists of the rectangular shaped blade tip. It is possible that this gouge was socket, however there is no indication of a socket remaining. The blade is C-shaped in cross-section throughout its length and concave, with the hollow of the blade increasing towards the cutting-edge. The sides of the blade are parallel and the cutting-edge is rounded and there is a visible casting-seam present on one side of the object. The break is semi-circular in cross-section and the reverse of the gouge is rounded.



The gouge measures 38.3 mm in length, 13.9 mm wide, 10.3 mm thick and weighs 20.95 g.



There are a number of similar objects recorded on the database including LIN-F1C06A and a socketed example IOW-EC25A7. If this gouge was socketed, it is likely that this tool is from the Wilberton, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking phases which correspond to Needham's (1996) Period's 6 - 8. Socketed gouges have been found associated with metalwork assemblages of Wilberton (eg. Guilsfield, Savory, 1980, No. 268. 64-65) through Ewart Park (eg Penwyllt, Savory 1980, No 284. 7-8) and Llyn Fawr (Savory 1980, No 291 9-11).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.95,,,10.3,38.3,1,Caroline Chestnutt,Caroline Chestnutt,South East,Kent,Ashford,Chilham,TR0753,Generated from computer mapping software,51.23861413,0.96404566,KENT-8B55F1,,KENT8B55F1.jpg,KENT-8B55F1 - A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed gouge (1150 BC-800 BC).,Kent County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cchestnutt/KENT8B55F1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/515244.jpg
719388,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy arrowhead or possibly a small leaf-shaped spearhead, probably of late Bronze Age date and attributable to the Penard or Ewart Park phase, c. 1300 - 800 BC. The fragment comprises the upper tip of the arrowhead, which has a rounded midrib and broken outer edges; the fragment is triangular in plan with an asymmetrical pointed oval cross-section.  The fragment has a dark brown, glossy patina.  No trace of the socket is visible on this fragment, but it is likely if the object was socketed it would begin further down the original object. The arrowhead measures 24.7mm long, 11.3mm wide, 5.9mm thick and weighs 3.91 grams.



There are few confirmed Bronze Age socketed arrowheads found in the UK; possible examples on the PAS database include SF9209, WMID-28FC66 and SWYOR-C57356. Like the example recorded here, it is possible that all of these pieces are small spearheads rather than arrowheads - see, for example, database record BH-E94CD1.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-10T00:00:00Z,,,,3.91,,,5.9,24.7,1,Liz Walker,Stephanie Smith,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Yaxham,TG0110,GPS (from the finder),52.65047129,0.96995502,SUSS-8D90AB,,SUSS8D90AB.jpg,Probable Late Bronze Age Arrowhead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS8D90AB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/529340.jpg
719421,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment of a possible Bronze Age socketed axe or tool. While the size and proportions are fine for a socketed axe the recessed panel on the lower, broken, edge suggests a much later date, even into the medieval period.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.38,,,4.54,23.4,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,GPS (from the finder),51.54292534,-1.16504412,SUR-8ED346,,B15258.JPG,Bronze Age: Possible socketed axe fragment,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B15258.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/517190.jpg
719527,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-750,"A fragment of a cast bronze (copper alloy) socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date (1000 - 750 BC). The axe is incomplete; it is missing the mouth and upper part of the socket including the loop and is broken below the mid-point. Due to the damage classification is difficult. It is likely that this axe fits within the socketed and faceted axe typology probably associated with the Wilburton metalworking traditions (phase X) and earlier phases of the Ewart Park tradition (phase XII). This corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 6-7 circa 1000-750 CAL. BC.



The axe is broadly sub-rectangular in plan with a slightly flared / expanded, convex, but much abraded, cutting edge. In profile the fragment is sub-triangular / wedge shaped. The socket is also sub-rectangular in cross section with the side walls tapering evenly to a narrow rectangular base. The depth of the socket from the edge of the break to base of socket is 6.7mm. The broken edges are all well abraded and patinated suggesting the damage is old. Both the casting seams (which run down the sides of the axe) show signs of finishing (being trimmed and flattened). The expanded blade has a curved convex (crescent shaped) cutting edge which is relatively poorly preserved. The blade edge has been lost through abrasion and corrosion. The axe fragment is a mid brown colour with an even, well formed patina which covers most surfaces. There are several areas where this patina has been lost leaving light green / grey corrosion visible.



The axe fragment measures 24.4mm long, 42mm wide, 13.3mm thick and is 36.69g. The walls are 3.6mm to 5mm thick. It can be compared to HESH-B617D3, KENT-ECBAFE and SWYOR-7C54E2.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-11T00:00:00Z,2015-01-11T00:00:00Z,,,36.69,,,13.3,24.4,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Bassetlaw,Bole,SK7886,From finder,53.36512432,-0.8292977,SWYOR-9E6494,,PAS_2501_axe.jpg,Late Bronze Age scocketed axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2501_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/515420.jpg
719542,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A cast copper alloy flat axe dating from the Early Bronze Age, that is about 2150 - 1500 BC. The axe is narrow with straight but tapering sides and there are no signs of a stop ridge. The butt is missing but would have been narrow. It has a very slightly flared convex cutting edge. The sides of the axe are very slightly thickened, but it does not have flanges. The surface, particularly the cutting edge, is pitted and corroded though the remaning surface has a smooth, deep green patina. The break at the butt end is equally patinated. The axe is 19.7mm wide at the break. The axe probably fits into the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage I-II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 1-2 circa 2500- 2050 CAL. BC, or slightly later. The axe is 83mm long, 37.1mm wide and 6mm thick. 87.4g. The blade facets are about 7.5mm from the cutting edge to the flat face of the axe. Compare WAW-049216, LANCUM-E3C336, SUR-25F712, HAMP-1556C2 and HESH-84D8A5.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-02-21T00:00:00Z,2015-02-21T00:00:00Z,,,87.4,,,6,83,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Hemingby,TF2576,From finder,53.26627322,-0.12726646,SWYOR-9EC7C9,,PAS_2503_axe.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2503_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/515427.jpg
719642,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Fragments of the hilt and blade of two Middle Bronze Age rapiers. Fragment two is in two joining pieces. Both appear to belong to the same broad Group in Bugess & Gerloff's (1981) scheme: Group IV, the blade in two sections is probably Type Appleby and the blade in one section has parallels among Type Killucan and Type Corncarrow.



Fragment one: 140.53mm long; 22.00mm wide; 5.72mm thick; weight 43.96g.



Fragment two: 106.04mm long; 30.34mm wide; 3.73mm thick; weight 31.65g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2015-02-21T00:00:00Z,,2015T331,,,,,,,2,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Grafton and Radcot,SP2600,From finder,51.69814886,-1.62520507,SUR-A18104,,15442.JPG,Bronze Age: Blade and handle of rapier,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15442.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/515480.jpg
719701,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"A complete cast bronze (copper alloy) faceted socketed axe (axehead) of Late Bronze Age date (950 - 750 BC). The axe is elegantly cast being relatively slender and well proportioned with a trumpet shaped collar, relatively narrow sides, which taper slightly and then expand to form a sub-triangular shaped blade.



The mouth of the axe is sub-circular in cross section. The shape of the mouth is sub-rectangular (rectangular with rounded corners) at measures 33.25mm wide. The trumpet-shaped mouth of the axe tapers and the loop is relatively small in a low position set well beneath the collar. Directly above the loop is a cast decorative circumferential ridge The loop is D-shaped in cross section (5.95mm wide). The upper body of the axe could be described as faceted, with six faces; however, the facets are relatively low and slight. The lower section of the axe flares to form an elegantly expanding blade (38.3mm wide). The casting flashes on the sides of the axe are still visible and have not been finished. The cutting edge itself is abraded, although the crescent shaped edge is regular suggesting little evidence of wear / sustained use. Apart from the grooves below the collar there is no evidence of other ornament on the axe.



The socketed axe is 80.75mm in length, 38.3mm wide, 33.4mm thick and weighs 90.57 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,90.57,,,33.4,80.75,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Grafton and Radcot,SP2700,,51.69810185,-1.61073641,WILT-A30E3C,,WILTA30E3C.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jshoemark/WILTA30E3C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/516009.jpg
719742,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete fragment from a much eroded cast bronze (copper alloy) rapier of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150BC). The fragment consists of part of the lower blade a rapier, the tip has been previously recorded (HESH-3B6C58) and was recovered by a different finder from the same field. The two blade pieces conjoin and should therefore be considered as part of the same artefact. The fragment is broadly sub-rectangular in plan with one end being slightly tapered. A central ridge / mid rib runs along the length of the fragment on both faces. The rapier fragment is a mid-green colour with an uneven and eroded surface patina. The breaks are abraded therefore it is problematic to suggest if the rapier was deliberately broken prior to deposition or if it has been broken by farm machinery in the plough soil. However, this fragment in profile is noticeably bent, so it could be likely that the object has been purposefully bent before deposition. This could suggest that the object was subjected to a ritual process before being placed in the ground. The findspot looks to be close to the edge of a large mere or area of historic wetland - possibly suggesting that if this rapier were ritually disposed of it was then placed at a liminal boundary; this is a common feature of wetland deposition in prehistoric Britain. A direct parallel for the rapier blade cannot be attributed due to the fragmentary nature and lack of diagnostic features and so a broad Middle Bronze Age date is suggested.



The fragment measures 51.4mm in length, 18.0m width and is 17.4mm thick. It weighs 23.7 grams. When the two fragments are placed together they measure a total of 121.06mm and in total weigh 44.9 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-10T23:00:00Z,,,,23.7,,,7.4,51.4,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Telford and Wrekin,Telford and Wrekin,"Lilleshall, Donnington and Muxton",SJ7115,From finder,52.73185388,-2.43089472,HESH-A4380B,,HESHA4380B.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier (front and back),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vickyallnatt/HESHA4380B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/516342.jpg
719838,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy, probable side looped and socketed spearhead, of Middle Bronze Age dating (1500 BC to 1150 BC).



Around 25% of the spearhead is present, consisting of the central section. The base, blade and point are missing, presumed lost in antiquity.



The spearhead fragment is a hollow sub conical tube. At the top, the base of the blade is present. Below this, on both sides are 5 small horizontal grooves. The side loops are positioned underneath these grooves, and would have been sub lozenge in shape. The top of the socket is circular.



It measures 47.3 mm in length. It has a minimum diameter of 11.0 mm (top) and a maximum of 15.0 mm (base). The side loops have a length of 17.5 mm. The walls of the spearhead are 1.9 mm thick. It weighs 16.5 g.



The spearhead fragment is a mid to dark brown with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



A similar spearhead has been recorded on the PAS database as HESH-C348E5 and is considered to be Middle Bronze Age in dating (1500 BC to 1150 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-16T00:00:00Z,2014-11-16T00:00:00Z,,,16.5,,15,1.9,47.3,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Fradley and Streethay,SK1511,From finder,52.6964746,-1.77948442,WMID-B6A60C,,WMIDB6A60C.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete side looped and socketed spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDB6A60C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/515696.jpg
720229,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy ribbed socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date (1000 - 800 BC). The object can be classified as fitting into the Ewart Park phase of metalwork.



The axe is sub-rectangular in plan with the cutting edge expanding outwards. The cutting edge of the axe is missing and the break is patinated, though perhaps to a less extent than the rest of the axe. The broken edges are not worn. This break may be intentional and may indicate ritual deposition.



The socket has a sub square mouth (internal width 29.22mm, internal length 28mm, external width 40.5mm, external length 39.3mm and the wall of the mouth is 5 - 5.7mm thick). The socket is over 78mm deep and the insides are smooth. Four casting runners can be felt round the edeg of the mouth.



A moulded collar decorates the axe about 15mm below the mouth on each face. Extending down from this are three raised ribs on each of the two main faces, measuring 25mm - 30mm in length and about 2mm wide.



Along the centre of each side of the axe is a trimmed but raised casting seam. The seams have not been filed down. One side of the axe has a large semi-circular moulded side loop. The loop measures 10.5mm in width and 22mm in length. It is D-shaped in cross-section.



The axe has a mid green to dark grey patina and the surface is smooth. Overall, the axe is 77.9mm long, 42.4mm wide and 39.3mm thick. 164g.



The object can be classified as belonging to the Ewart park phase of metal work which corresponds with metalworking phases X - XII, or Needham Periods 6-7, dating from about 1150-750 CAL BC. This axe is likely to date from about 1000 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-01T00:00:00Z,2015-02-12T00:00:00Z,,,164,,,39.3,77.9,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Rowley,SE9734,GPS (from the finder),53.79328072,-0.52896491,SWYOR-F6A9B7,,PAS_2493_socketed_axe.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2493_socketed_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/516220.jpg
720252,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An unlooped copper alloy Middle Bronze Age palstave axe with a pronounced hollow below the stop ridge. About 40% of the original surface survives and is very pitted. Grinding marks are visible in a patch on the blade.



This is most likely to be a Primary Phase, Group I (unlooped), palstave with a shield-shaped depression below the stop ridge. The axe is of Middle Bronze Age date (1500 - 1300 BC) and is most probably associated with the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both assemblages fit within Burgess Metal Working Stage VIII and IX.



Unusually the side flanges (which are fused to the stop ridge) seem to extend below the stop ridge as raised side flanges. There is an argument that this form of axe develops from the long flange tradition. It is worth also noting that the blade expands evenly until the end where it flares to form a fan-shaped cutting edge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,398,,,28.7,153,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Purton,SU0891,GPS (from the finder),51.61776959,-1.88584904,SUR-F78859,,B15313.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B15313.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/518428.jpg
720679,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"A copper-alloy awl, bronze age.The awl consists of a rod which tapers either side of the widest point, located at the centre. One half has a rectangular section and terminates in a wedge-shaped end. The other half has a rectangular section,with slightly rounded corners, and terminates in a point. The surface is corroded. Length 49mm, width 5mm, thickness 6mm, weight 5g. Similar to PUBLIC-68B945.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5,,,6,49,1,Theresa Oswin,Theresa Oswin,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Childerley,TL3562,GPS (from the finder),52.23964141,-0.02432465,LEIC-1EA9CB,,LEIC1EA9CB.jpg,Bronze Age Awl.,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/teeosw/LEIC1EA9CB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/516353.jpg
721017,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, part of a socket and one edge, with a longitudinal break and transverse breaks at both ends. None of the damage is recent. Some dark reduced clay from the casting process remains in the socket. Extant length 38.5mm. Weight 10.84g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Within 30m of grid reference",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-17T00:00:00Z,2015-04-19T23:00:00Z,,,10.84,,,,38.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Shouldham,TF6808,From finder,52.64372579,0.48164437,NMS-365FCF,,35713_365FCF_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age spear. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/35713_365FCF_BA_Spear_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/571587.jpg
721578,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Small fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead. Extant length and width 17.3 and 18.5mm. Weight 5.37g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,Iron,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-17T00:00:00Z,2015-04-19T23:00:00Z,,,5.37,,,,17.3,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Deopham,TG0500,GPS (from the finder),52.55920342,1.02280635,NMS-8A8383,,28498_8A8383_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/28498_8A8383_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/571548.jpg
721953,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Part of a copper alloy palstave or flanged axe dating from the Middle Bronze Age (about 1500 BC - 1000 BC). The remaining portion consists of part of the flanged end of the axe, from near the middle, broken at each end. The breaks are patinated. On the outside of one of the flanges is a small, blunt protrusion which is probably part of a side loop. There is no evidence of a stop on the surviving part. The axe has an even, dark green patina and the classic H shaped croiss-section. It is 48.3mm long, 33.3mm wide and 20.3mm thick. It weighs 64.66gm.



Other palstave fragments where the loop does not bridge the stop (so the loop is entirely on the hafted end of the axe) are IOW-DC7263 and the complete example DOR-8D4C40.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-12-05T00:00:00Z,2015-03-05T00:00:00Z,,,63.66,,,20.4,48.3,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Folkton,TA0480,From finder,54.20520442,-0.40704297,SWYOR-B2A5CE,,PAS_2519_BA2.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2519_BA2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/517566.jpg
722334,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy dagger of Bronze Age date (1500-800 BC). The object is composed of a tapering blade which is lenticular in section. The blade tapers to a broken point at it lower aspect and an integral rectangular shaft at its upper end. The tang and bade ends are missing due to old breaks. Both cutting edges are irregular and heavily abraded. There are no remnants of a hilt plate.



The metal is dark to light green with a heavily pitted and abraded patina.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: Unique ID: WILT-B91985, Unique ID: LANCUM-3BEC10, Unique ID: CPAT-3A15F5",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,71.2,,,7.68,124.62,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Boroughbridge,SE3656,From finder,53.99878496,-1.4523164,DUR-C9E965,,DURC9E965.jpg,DUR-C9E965 : Dagger : Bronze Age,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DURC9E965.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/518223.jpg
722481,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead. Extant length and width 23 and 34.5mm. Weight 14.52g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-05-29T23:00:00Z,2014-12-19T00:00:00Z,,,14.52,,,,23,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Rocklands,TL9896,From finder,52.52588034,0.91730435,NMS-DD8CA7,,40488_DD8CA7_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Illustration of Fragment of Bronze Age socketed Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/40488_DD8CA7_BA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/540599.jpg
722489,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Corroded and damaged fragment of Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave, butt end with damaged flanges and surface, iron-staining on granular but probably ancient break where body missing. Extant length 45mm. Width 22mm. Extant thickness 10mm. Weight 38.92g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-01T23:00:00Z,2015-05-05T23:00:00Z,,,38.92,,,10,45,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bixley,TG2305,From finder,52.59700736,1.29125487,NMS-DDF910,,56954_DDF910_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age axehead. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/56954_DDF910_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/571975.jpg
723038,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead including the cutting edge and the distal end of the socket, in quite fresh condition. The break is not recent. Length 26mm. Width 50mm. Thickness 10mm. Weight 38.47g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Finders' number AA272",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-04T00:00:00Z,2015-01-04T00:00:00Z,,,38.47,,,10,26,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Deopham,TM0399,From finder,52.55097491,0.99273419,NMS-4AE244,,60440_4AE244_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe head. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/60440_4AE244_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572395.jpg
723429,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 800 BC) socketed spear (spearhead): The copper alloy spearhead consists of the upper portion of the spear, being broken just as the socket starts. In plan the spearhead is a sub-lozenge with abraded blade facets, thereby being misshapen. The tip is also abraded and missing. The spearhead fragment is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with a bi-convex shaped cross section. The lower portion of the spearhead has been lost and the break is too high to include the cast side loops. The break at the base of the spearhead includes the top of the socket which is circular. The break at this point is not recent. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The surface of the spearhead has traces of a dark brown patina, otherwise the surface is pitted and abraded. It measures 45.72mm long, 11mm wide, 8.14mm thick and weighs 8.2g.



It is likely that the style of this type of spearhead can be attributed to the Middle Bronze Age; specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). However, many of the diagnostic characteristics (such as loops, peg holes and blade shape) have been lost and so a wider date range is suggested above.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-23T23:00:00Z,2015-04-23T23:00:00Z,,,8.2,,,8.14,45.72,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Spernall,SP0962,From finder,52.25609923,-1.86957146,WAW-71CFCF,,WAW71CFCF.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead (profile and plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW71CFCF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/519838.jpg
723431,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A complete though worn copper alloy chisel or trunnion tool of middle Bronze Age date (1500 -1150 BC). The object is sub-rectangular in plan and section, tapering in width from cutting edge to butt. At the midpoint worn semi-circular lug like projections/trunnions extend to either side. The object is eroded by plough roll/abrasion.



The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The chisel is 88.5mm long, 12.9mm tapering to 3.8mm wide, 5.5mm tapering to 2.9mm thick and weighs 23.6g.



A similar example has been recorded as HESH-51B7E2 in which it states that such tools are dated to the metalworking tradition phase VIII - IX, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 5 circa 1500-1150 CAL. BC. This record also cites a number of published examples such as from Yattendon Berks (Evans 1881: p169 Fig. 196) and Harbledon, Kent (Rowlands 1976 cat no 1108 p 351/pl36). The latter reference also suggests the date range for these as being from the early Middle Bronze Age with a peak in the Middle Bronze Age with a few examples turning up within assemblages of late Bronze Age date (ibid p44). A distinct pattern of distribution is suggested in the West and in Ireland (ibid) with examples of these being discovered in Shropshire, Cheshire and Wrexham, specifically within the Meole Brace (Edgebold Brickyard) Hoard (Rowlands 1976 after Chitty 1925) and Broxton Cheshire (Evans 1881; 169) and now the Burton Hoard PAS-5B1745. All these examples are associated with either spearheads or palstaves reinforcing a Middle Bronze Age dating probably associated with Acton Park II or Taunton traditions / assemblages.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.6,,,5.5,88.5,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Thixendale,SE8658,Generated from computer mapping software,54.01086308,-0.68916734,YORYM-71EBF0,,CH0156.jpg,Bronze Age : Chisel,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/CH0156.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/519199.jpg
723869,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"Bronze age copper-alloy axe fragment,  Length 54mm, width 25mm, thickness 10mm, weight 39.39grams. The object is sub rectangular in form and section and represents the curved blade of the axe, with flared outer edges. The broken edge is solid, but is too close to the blades edge to determine what sort of axe it is from.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,39.39,,,10,54,1,Wendy Scott,Theresa Oswin,East Midlands,Rutland,Rutland,Brooke,SK8406,GPS (from the finder),52.64524501,-0.75992888,LEIC-C5F3AC,,LEICC5F3AC.jpg,Bronze Age Axehead Fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/teeosw/LEICC5F3AC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/518944.jpg
723921,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,0,"Bronze age copper alloy spearhead, 65mm long, 18mm wide and 11mm thick, with a weight of 22.16grams. The object represenst the upper part of a mid rib of a spearhead which is extremely worn. It consists of a circular cross-sectioned hollow, tapering tube with the remains of the flat spearhead blade projecting out from two sides.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2015-05-06T23:00:00Z,,,22.16,,,11,65,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,North West Leicestershire,Belton,SK4420,From finder,52.77580188,-1.34919296,LEIC-C730A8,,LEICC730A8.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy spearhead fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEICC730A8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/518966.jpg
723961,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A small fragment of the edge of the blade of a palstave or socketed axe of Bronze Age date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.99,,,,20.58,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,West Meon,SU6522,From a paper map,50.99373514,-1.07519041,SUR-C83793,,15611.JPG,Bronze Age: Axe blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15611.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/522194.jpg
724300,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-800,"A copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age blade, probably from a dagger or rapier and dating from 2350 BC - 800 BC. The fragment is probably from near the tip of the implement, as is it thin and narrow. It is surb-rectangular, broken at both ends and with damage and chips to each side. It is a very thin pointed oval in cross-section. The surface is grey green and extensively pitted. It measures 27.7mm long, 15.5mm wide and 2.3mm thick. 3.81g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-01T00:00:00Z,2015-03-19T00:00:00Z,,,3.81,,,2.3,27.7,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Rotherham,Rotherham,Hooton Levitt,SK5291,From finder,53.41325456,-1.21914828,SWYOR-DBC8C6,,PAS_2536_BA.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2536_BA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/519151.jpg
724406,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-500,"
A Bronze Age to Iron Age awl. The awl has one chisel end which expands into a square section and terminates in a circular-sectioned point. The awl is in fine condition.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.69,,,,67.83,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Amesbury,SU1841,GPS (from the finder),51.16796372,-1.7439355,SUR-DD7BC6,,15606.JPG,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15606.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/522027.jpg
724419,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-801,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed axehead probably dating the Late Bronze Age, c. 1000-801 BC. The fragment consists of most of the blade-end of the axehead, which is socketed to approximately 21 mm deep within the fragment. Most of the surface of the axehead has worn away from severe surface abrasion with only small areas of the outer surface remaining; all remaining outer surfaces are medium-green in colour and patina. The interior colouration of the metal is of a lighter green colour and powdery in texture. The fragment measures 38.5 mm long, 31.21 mm wide (at blade-end), 23.11 mm wide (at broken end), 3.35 mm thick (blade-end), 16.71 mm thick (at broke end) ; it weighs 34.54 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,34.54,,,,38.5,1,Stephanie Smith,Stephanie Smith,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Patching,TQ0808,GPS (from the finder),50.86143362,-0.4668154,SUSS-DF84CF,,SUSSDF84CF.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead Fragment,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSSDF84CF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/520152.jpg
724671,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"1. Copper alloy blade fragment; the fragment is broadly rectangular in plan with a lenticular section. The straight sides are abraded. One broken edge is vertical; the other break is roughly diagonal. Overall the surface has a smooth dark green patina, which has worn away in places revealing a paler green colour underneath. Length: 53mm; Width: 31mm; Thickness: 7mm.



2. Copper alloy blade fragment; the fragment is broadly rectangular in plan with a lenticular section. The sides are abraded. Both broken edges are vertical. Overall the surface has a smooth dark green patina, which has worn away in places revealing a paler green colour underneath. Length: 54mm; Width: 29mm; Thickness: 7mm.



3. Copper alloy blade tip fragment; the fragment is broadly triangular in plan with a lenticular section. The tapering sides are abraded. Both broken edges are vertical. Whilst still visible in some patches, the smooth dark green patina has mainly worn away revealing a paler green colour underneath. Length: 54mm; Width (at wide end): 27mm; Width (at tip end); 17mm; Thickness: 6mm.



Discussion:



The three fragments are likely to be from the same sword. Certainly the broken edges of fragments 1 and 2 re-fit together, and all three fragments are in a similar condition and are fragmented to a similar size. There are no casting flaws visible in the breaks, nor deliberate signs of bending often seen in ceremonial use. The sword is likely to have been broken deliberately as it is unlikely to have broken into uniform fragments through use. Overall the sword was probably broken up as part of the reduction process for recycling (pers comm, M Knight, November 2015).","It is probable that these objects formed a single original deposit. This material is eligible as Treasure under the new Treasure Order (2002) being a base-metal prehistoric find containing two or more metal objects.



Danielle Wootton



Devon Finds Liaison Officer",4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-09-20T23:00:00Z,2014-09-28T23:00:00Z,2014T787,,,,,,,3,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,East Devon,Awliscombe,ST1301,GPS (from the finder),50.80200336,-3.23595643,DEV-F0ED0B,,2014T787.jpg,Copper-alloy fragments,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2014T787.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1048990.jpg
725158,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Early Bronze Age Flanged axe, straight sides slightly convex in section, sub-rectangular heel, blade expanding towards damaged crescentic cutting edge, original edge missing, cast flanges, slight transverse bevel ridge on both faces at junction of hafting surface and blade. Heavily corroded with much of the surface missing at both ends and pitting and blistering occurring over all surfaces. Length 99mm. Surviving width at blade 45mm. Thickness at mid-point of flange 12mm. Weight 138.30g. Cast flanged axes belong to the later part of the Early Bronze Age. c.1700 - c.1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-10T23:00:00Z,2015-05-12T23:00:00Z,,,138.3,,,12,99,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TG1203,From finder,52.58345331,1.12782579,NMS-17DC96,,60309_17DC96_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axehead. Illustration: Jason Gibbons,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/60309_17DC96_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572034.jpg
725378,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment comprising the rim and side of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe. The fragment retains the stubs of the loop and has an internal groove at the casting join.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.48,,,,30.67,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Brockham,TQ1950,From a paper map,51.23678189,-0.29679688,SUR-1D207F,,15670.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15670.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/523012.jpg
725864,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier or dirk with rounded butt, two broken rivet-holes in the hafting-plate (extant width 34mm), blade with slight bend at mid-point, flat median rib, corroded and pitted with damaged edges and rounded point. Length 128mm. Blade 5mm thick. Weight 56.73g. 1400-1200 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-10T23:00:00Z,2015-05-12T23:00:00Z,,,56.73,,,5,128,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Suffolk,Waveney,Shipmeadow,TG3789,From finder,52.456406,1.504932,NMS-6AD106,,Suffolk_6AD106_BA_Rapier.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/Suffolk_6AD106_BA_Rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572047.jpg
726917,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age bronze butt fragment from an axe of uncertain type but of Developed Axe or Palstave form

The axe is represented by a butt fragment only, broken at one end (with a surviving length of 30.4mm and a weight of 28.3g). The butt end is damaged and jagged but may have been rounded and thins to the edge (with a width of 20mm and a thickness of 1.8mm). The sides are near-straight and divergent for their short lengths to the break (with a maximum width of 27.7mm and a thickness across the septum of 8.1mm). The sides are rounded and convex across their thicknesses, with the suggestion of a casting seam on the heavily-corroded and pitted surface. The flanges begin just below the butt and are have a linear divergent edge (giving the axe a maximum surviving depth of 12.8mm with a maximum height above the septum of 2.5mm). The break occurred in antiquity. The surface has a bright and green corrosion.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The butt form would be consistent with slender-butted Developed flat axes, From Type Aylesford (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981) from the Early Bronze Age through to Late Palstaves, of Ewart Park Metalworking in the Late Bronze Age.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-05-15T23:00:00Z,,,,28.3,12.8,,8.1,30.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,ST0079,From a paper map,51.5010603,-3.44207509,NMGW-AAB3FD,,2015122.jpg,Bronze Age bronze axe butt,Mark Lodwick,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2015122.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/521200.jpg
726992,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Butt end of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave. The break is old and there is ancient and recent scuffing. Extant length, width and thickness 26, 20.5 and 9.8mm. Weight 21.73g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.



Field HON1",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-01T00:00:00Z,2015-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,21.73,,,9.8,26,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Honingham,TG1111,Centred on field,52.65565351,1.11819196,NMS-AE46B4,,28648_AE46B4_MBA_AxeFragment_a_ILL.jpg,Butt end of a Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/28648_AE46B4_MBA_AxeFragment_a_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155979.jpg
727169,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete example of a Late Bronze Age roll-headed pin, c1000-800 BC. The pin has a tightly-coiled head where the wire has a rectangular section. The head merges into a round-section shaft. There are similar examples from Heathery Burn Cave; Ivinghoe Beacon; Merlin's Cave, Symond's Yat; Potterne, Wilts; Runnymede, Surrey; and Flag Fen, Cambs. One was also found during excavations at Llanmaes, Vale of Glamorgan, associated with a Late Bronze Age C14 date.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.87,,,3.2,74,1,Adam Gwilt,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Broughton,SU3134,GPS (from the finder),51.10446713,-1.55860811,SUR-D4F813,,15751a.JPG,Iron Age: Spiral-headed pin,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15751a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/524002.jpg
727206,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"
An unidentifed copper-alloy object of probable early Iron Age or perhaps late Bronze Age date and of uncertain original extent. The object comprises a short arc which merges into a straight section, with a swelling where the two lengths join. The lower side of the swelling and the two present terminals all have pronounced hollows each of which is orientated along the length of the object. Both terminals expand. The curving length appears plain but is corroded and is possibly decorated with a line of dots. The straight length is decorated on three sides with a band of repeating punched linear curving indentations. The central swelling is decorated on one side with cast raised concentric circles; the opposite side is plain and flat. A short ridge on the inner face of this swelling separates it from the curved end.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.8,,,,49.18,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-D8B34B,,15778.JPG,Iron Age: Unidentified object,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15778.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/524892.jpg
727207,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-600,"
The tip of a copper-alloy spearhead of probable late Bronze Age date. The tip is rounded in section and thins rapidly to blades which remain sharp.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-08T00:00:00Z,,,,9.02,,,6.49,32.39,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-D8BC05,,15779.JPG,Bronze Age: Spear tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15779.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/524930.jpg
727208,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"A poorly cast late Bronze Age or early Iron Age copper alloy miniature socketed axe, 30.20mm long, with a prominent loop handle. The axe retains fired clay in its socket.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-14T00:00:00Z,,,,16.93,,,10.15,30.2,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-D8C50A,,15780.JPG,Bronze Age: Miniature socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15780.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/524937.jpg
727209,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"A poorly cast copper-alloy minature late Bronze Age to early Iron Age socketed axe, 23.11mm long. The axe has an empty socket and the loop handle is not open. There appears to be a casting runner on the blade end",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-08T00:00:00Z,,,,10.02,,,8.47,23.11,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-D8CB18,,15781.JPG,Bronze Age: Miniature socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15781.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/524938.jpg
727210,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"A poorly cast copper alloy miniature late Bronze Age or early Iron Age socketed axe, 17.47mm long. The axe has a filled socket.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-28T00:00:00Z,,,,5.45,,,5.62,17.47,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-D8D126,,15782.JPG,Bronze Age: Miniature socketed axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15782.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/524944.jpg
727211,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"
A fragment of possible Bronze Age or early Iron Age copper-alloy metal working debris.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-08T00:00:00Z,,,,1.45,,,2.87,15.99,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-D8DE2C,,15783.JPG,Bronze Age: Metalworking debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15783.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/524948.jpg
727212,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"
A fragment of possible Bronze Age or early Iron Age copper alloy metal working debris.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-08T00:00:00Z,,,,1.22,,,,10.06,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,GPS (from the finder),52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-D8E244,,15784.JPG,Bronze Age: Metalworking debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15784.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/524950.jpg
727334,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, part of the tapering, square-sectioned tang missing. The point starts with an octagonal cross-section which soons becomes round. The point remains quite sharp. Extant length 45.9mm. Width 8.8mm. Weight 8.47g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Field SC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-01T00:00:00Z,2015-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,8.47,,,,45.9,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Great Ellingham,TM0298,Centred on field,52.54236887,0.97739826,NMS-ED0E1C,,59794_ED0E1C_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/59794_ED0E1C_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156080.jpg
727558,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard of five objects.




1. Penannular ring (PRN 32821)
Maximum external diameter (side to side) 19.5mm; maximum diameter of bar (top to bottom) 6.3-6.5mm; weight 18.75g.



This is a complete and small penannular ring decorated with a silvery gold inlayed strip. The ring is of solid gold bar construction and was made of a straight, round sectioned bar, which was bent round into a penannular shape. Around the gold core, a silvery strip was inlaid in continuous spiral fashion to provide a striped colour effect, with seven stripes around each face. The silvery gold stripes are relatively wide, 1.3mm wide on the interior side and 3.0-3.5mm wide on the exterior surface. They are visible as darker areas of surface pitting, caused by the differential corrosion of the silver within this alloy. One side of the ring has been differentially worn during its life and the inset stripes of silvery gold have completely worn away, exposing continuous areas of gold. Some striations on the outer surfaces of the penannular ring were probably caused after burial and during more recent disturbance in the soil.




2. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment



Maximum surviving length 63.3mm; maximum surviving width 60.9mm; maximum thickness

31.2mm; surviving weight 412.8g.



Sizeable fragment of ingot with worn upper and lower surfaces and rounded worn breaks. The lower surface is convex in shape and the upper surface is relatively flat. No edge sections are apparent, but distinct thinning evident in two areas in side-section, suggesting areas approaching edges of ingot. Some interior vesicles evident along breaks. Brown patination with areas of green mottling visible.



3. Small ingot / cake fragment



Maximum surviving length 39.6mm; maximum surviving width 28.7mm; maximum surviving thickness 14.8mm; surviving weight 53.0g.



Small and irregularly shaped copper alloy fragment, with no clear evidence of original ingot shape. One surface is convex, the other irregular. All surfaces and breaks are worn. Patches of brown patination within overall grey green patination.



4. Ingot / cake fragment



Maximum surviving length 30.2mm; maximum surviving width 29.2mm; maximum surviving thickness 14.9mm; surviving weight 37.9g.



Small and irregularly shaped copper alloy fragment, with no clear evidence of original ingot shape. One surface is reasonably flat, the other irregular. All surfaces and breaks are worn. Vesicles visible in side breaks. Patches of grey green patination within overall brown patination.



5. Spatulate ended tool (PAS 2013/028/001)



Length 79.5mm; width of spatulate end 5.3mm; weight 25.3g.



This is a square-sectioned copper alloy tool with a flat top. It tapers and thins at the opposite end, in both planes, expanding again slightly to form a spatulate shaped working end. This has a rounded, but asymmetric end profile. The tool bends in side view, from near the midpoint along its length and towards the spatulate shaped working end. Surfaces are etched with a brown patination and there are localised surface grey-green coloured corrosion patches.



The penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange. Relatively few examples have been dated through associated finds, archaeological investigation or radiocarbon dating, however burials in Belgium, northeast France and The Netherlands and secondly, Scottish and Irish hoard associations, have suggested a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800BC (e.g. Eogan 1997). However, in recent years, the evidence for their earlier development and longer period of manufacture and circulation has been growing (e.g. Raftery 2004, 87-8; Needham 2007, 26-33, Figs. 17.3-4). Therefore, on comparative stylistic grounds, the penannular ring may be dated to the Middle or Late Bronze Age (1300-800BC).



It is possible to be confident that the large ingot fragment (No. 2 above) is part of a plano-convex ingot or cake of Late Bronze Age date. Its convex underside, thinning to margins indicating an oval shape in plan view and of a size consistent with others viewed, together with the presence of interior vesicles, provide some morphological support for this identification. Moreover, metallurgical analysis has demonstrated the ingot to be of copper with a small lead component and trace antimony and arsenic presences, again consistent with other recently tested Late Bronze Age ingot discoveries from west Wales. Its worn surfaces and breaks suggest that the ingot was disturbed from its original burial context by recent farming activity, having eroded at a shallow depth (10-13cm) within a cultivated and aerated soil for some time. The same disturbed and dispersed location is likely to be true for the penannular ring, also found at shallow depth (7-8cm). However, being of gold, this artefact was not prone to erosion and corrosion in the same way.



The two probable small ingot fragments (Nos. 3 & 4) are not large enough to retain diagnostic morphological features, permitting certain identification as plano-convex ingots in their own right. However, the presence of interior vesicles and very similar worn state is consistent with the larger ingot fragment, and their geographical location within the same field and less than 200m apart do tend to support their identification as probable small plano-convex ingot fragments of Late Bronze Age date. Their metallurgical composition - copper with small lead components and trace antimony and arsenic presences - is also the same as that of the large ingot fragment (No. 2), providing further supporting evidence for this interpretation. Their dispersal from each other and the penannular ring and their worn state also suggest relatively recent disturbance from the original burial context, and erosion at shallow depths (10-13cm) within a cultivated and aerated soil.



Cake ingots are known in hoards of the Wilburton phase of the Late Bronze Age (1150-950 BC), with examples from Wales found within the Guilsfield, Powys hoard (Savory 1965; 1980, 117-8, Cat. 268 & Fig. 38). However, plano-convex ingots of copper and bronze are much more common components of Ewart Park hoards of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC). Over 40 Ewart Park hoards, mostly from East Anglia, Essex and Kent, reported as treasure between 2003 and 2008 have contained plano-convex ingots (also termed cake ingots and bun-shaped ingots) (DCMS 2004; 2007; British Museum 2008; 2009; 2010). In south-east Wales, the Cowbridge, Glascoed, Llancarfan 1 and St Nicholas hoards have contained plano-convex bronze ingot fragments as a minority element represented within them (Gwilt 2004b; 2008). In the light of the dating evidence for plano-convex ingots, the combined evidence suggests that the penannular ring and ingots were probably buried together as a hoard during the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC). In other words, both penannular rings and plano-convex ingots were being made and in circulation at this same time.

The spatulate ended tool (No. 5 above; PAS (GAT) 2013/028/001) with a square-sectioned shaft, discovered and reported subsequently to the penannular ring and ingots and from the north east corner of the same field, has proven impossible, at the current time, to relate and parallel with similar artefacts of demonstrable Late Bronze Age date. Metallurgical analysis has indicated it is made of copper, with a significant presence of bismuth. While copper is potentially consistent with a Late Bronze Age date, the presence of bismuth at the levels seen is felt to be anomalous for this period, making a post-medieval date more likely. On the current balance of evidence, this artefact cannot be confidently interpreted as once a directly associated and a contemporary component of this Late Bronze Age hoard.



~~The spatulate ended tool (No. 5) cannot, on the balance of the evidence available, be associated with the hoard: no close Late Bronze Age parallels can be found, while its metal composition does not match the ingots (Nos. 2-4) or the common signature of Late Bronze Age artefact signatures. Therefore, it is my opinion that this object cannot be considered as treasure.","Metallurgical analysis (MD & AG)



Results



The penannular ring had a composition of approximately 78.5% gold, 17.5% silver and 3% copper.

The three ingot fragments were found to be of copper, with small lead components and trace arsenic and antimony presences. The spatulate ended tool was of copper, with a presence of bismuth detected.



Interpretation



The composition of the penannular ring was consistent with comparable Middle to Late Bronze Age gold compositions, with small amounts of copper deliberately alloyed with the gold at this time to improve its colour properties. The approximately 3% of copper detected suggests it registered from within the gold and is consistent with the suggestion that the ring is of solid gold bar construction.



Copper with a small lead component is a typical composition for plano-convex ingots of Late Bronze Age date and paralleled in many Late Bronze Age hoards containing an ingot component. The absence of zinc within any of the ingots provides no evidence to support a Roman or later date of manufacture.



The level of bismuth registering within the spatulate ended tool is regarded as being too high for a metal of Late Bronze Age date. This composition is more characteristic of an artefact and technology of probable post-medieval date.",3,Gold,Copper alloy,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2013-05-15T23:00:00Z,,2013TW13,,,,,,,5,Adam Gwilt,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Isle of Anglesey,Isle of Anglesey,Cwm Cadnant,SH5875,From a paper map,53.25295572,-4.12991271,NMGW-04216C,,DH007017_01.jpg,"Late Bronze Age hoard from Cwm Cadnant Community, Anglesey",National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH007017_01.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/521622.jpg
727618,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard of two ribbed socketed axes.



1. Ribbed socketed axe - Croxton Type / Class B Southern English ribbed axe



Dimensions: maximum length 102.9mm; blade width 51.3mm; combined weight (including socketed axe fragment 2) 420.8g.



This is a complete and slender socketed axe with a flared trumpet shaped mouth and a wide collar band. The axe is sub-rectangular in cross-section with slightly concave sides expanding to a widened and curved cutting edge. The mouth of the axe is deep, front to back, and of sub-rectangular shape with curved corners. The mouth tops surface is flat with no clear indication of runner stubs or scars. Two ribs and two edge ribs, all near parallel, descend from the base of the collar band, extending approximately half way down the axe faces. A wide loop descends from the lower side of the collar band, while the casting seams have been carefully removed, probably by filing and hammering down each side of the axe. On the blade bevel, surface striations parallel to the cutting edge are evident, indicating the blade was sharpened for use. The axe has a brown patina. Localised patches of blue coloured surface corrosion are evident on one face, raising the possibility that the axe burnt immediately before being placed in the ground.



2. Ribbed socketed axe fragment - South Wales Type socketed axe (wedged into socket of axe 1)



Dimensions: maximum surviving length in the range of 53-57mm (not precisely ascertainable); surviving external width at mouth 31.3mm; combined weight (including socketed axe 1) 420.8g.



This is a mouth, upper face and side fragment of a broad socketed axe with a rectangular cross-section, which has been deliberately forced into the socket of axe 1 (above). The axe has a prominent out-splayed mouth moulding with a flat top. Two projecting runner stubs are evident on the mouth top surface, one located down the mid face section and the other down the mid side section (i.e. at 90 degrees to each other). Two, widely splayed ribs are evident on this partial face fragment, descending from the underside of the mouth and down the face of the axe. A prominent casting seam is evident down the non-loop side of this axe, indicating minimal finishing after casting. The axe fragment has a grey-green coloured patina.","The complete socketed axe (No. 1 above) may be identified as of Croxton Type, also known as a particular form of Class B - Southern English ribbed axes (Northover unpublished, 267; Needham 1990, 32-8). The Croxton type, with its diagnostic flaring trumpet mouth, deep collar band and ribs is so named after a defining example found in Cheshire, within a wider frequency observed along the Welsh Marches (Northover unpublished, 267). It is one form within a wider variety of Class B ribbed axes, found in hoards and as single finds across southern Britain. They are almost always found within hoards dating to the Ewart Park phase (1000-800 BC) of the Late Bronze Age (Needham 1996; Needham et al 1997). Croxton Type socketed axes have been found in increasing numbers of hoards across south east Wales in recent years, with examples in the Pendoylan, Llantwit Major, Wick, Tal-y-garn 1 and Colwinston (Vale of Glamorgan) hoards and an additional example from the St Arvans (Monmouthshire) hoard (Storrie 1887; Fox 1926; GGAT 1977-8; Metcalf & Lambert 1979; Savory 1980, Cats. 280 & 281; 1984, 441b; Northover unpublished, H79 & H124; Gwilt 2004, Appendix 1, Cat. 10; Gwilt & Lodwick 2003; 2004; Lodwick & Gwilt 2007; Gwilt et al 2013a).



The fragmentary socketed axe (No. 2 above) wedged into the socket of the complete axe may be identified as of South Wales Type, dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC). The combination of pronounced out-splayed mouth, four-runner casting technology, blocky rectangular form, ribs descending from the underside of the collar and poorly finished state following casting are all diagnostic elements, in combination helping to identify it to this type (e.g. Needham 1981, 31; Northover unpublished, 259-60; Burgess 2012, 239 & Fig. 1). These socketed axes and their variant forms a frequent and dominating element within Ewart Park hoards across south east Wales (e.g. McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980, 49, 120-2; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004). Here, over thirty hoards now contain at least 140 examples. They are also frequent smaller presences in contemporary hoards across mid and north-east Wales, south western and England, southern England and northern France, with occasional outliers in northern Britain and Ireland (McNeil 1973, 61-4;; Moore 1978; Needham 1981, 55-66; Burgess 2012, 241-4 & Fig. 2).



The forcible ramming of artefact fragments into the sockets of axes is a widespread phenomenon in Britain during the Late Bronze Age. In south east Wales, the recently discovered Cowbridge, Tal-y-garn 2 and Colwinston, Vale of Glamorgan hoards, all of Ewart Park tradition, all show similar practice (Lodwick 2003; Lodwick & Gwilt 2003; Gwilt 2004, 122; Gwilt et al 2013a). It is likely that this represented a social practice involving the deliberate destruction or symbolic killing of objects, immediately before they were placed in the ground.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2013-12-18T00:00:00Z,,2013TW26,,,,,,,2,Adam Gwilt,Adam Gwilt,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llancarfan,ST0471,From a paper map,51.42984351,-3.38229101,NMGW-14B441,,DH007018_04.jpg,A Late Bronze Age hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/DH007018_04.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/521653.jpg
727751,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"An incomplete copper alloy palstave fragment of the Middle Bronze Age, dating c. BC 1600  to c.BC 1000.



Around 25% of the palstave is present, consisting of the butt of the axe. The fragment is broadly trapezoidal in plan with a broadly H shaped cross section. Both front and reverse faces are concave which denote the beginnings of the raised flanges, which taper out towards the break. No traces of decoration are visible. Both the front and reverse faces show signs of wear and there are areas of the patina missing. The break appears to be patinated suggesting object was broken in antiquity. 



The fragment measures 26.0 mm in length and is 24.7 mm wide (at the break) and 22.5 mm (at the butt end). It has a thickness of 7.8 mm (at the break) and 4.9 mm (at the butt end). It weighs 23.7 g. 



The fragment is a mid to dark green in colour, with the front face being dark green and the reverse is mid green, with an uneven patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil has resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail, and damage to the remaining patina.



Due to the fragmentary nature of the object it is difficult to assign type. However the fragment does appear indicative of a Palstave axe rather than a developed axe. Other examples of Palstave fragments of this type have been recorded on the database WILT-A17D02, SUSS-4AE576 and WMID-EBF4D9.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-12-20T00:00:00Z,2014-12-20T00:00:00Z,,,23.7,,,7.8,26,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wyre Forest,Chaddesley Corbett,SO8771,From finder,52.33692634,-2.19221822,WMID-2AE0E1,,WMID2AE0E1.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Palstave axe fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID2AE0E1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/521733.jpg
728195,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"An approximately five-sided, copper-alloy ingot weighing 368g. The ingot is of uncertain, but possibly Bronze Age, date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,368,,,39.59,69.8,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Checkendon,SU6783,GPS (from the finder),51.54193048,-1.0352842,-SUR 6800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.00,,B15362.JPG,Bronze Age: Ingot fragment,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B15362.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/522507.jpg
728452,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1600,"A fragment of an Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axe, dating to c. 2350 - 1600 BC.BC. The fragment consists of a narrow blade with a relatively straight cutting edge which is slightly flared at the edges. The blade appears to have the indication of low straight flanges along the outer edges. The fragment terminates in an old break. There is no decoration on the blade.



It is 22 mm long and the widest part of the cutting edge is also 22 mm. The narrow end is 16 mm wide. It weighs 14.5 gms.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.5,,,,22,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Ashford,Charing,TQ9450,From finder,51.2162354,0.77643072,KENT-81B931,,KENT81B931.jpg,KENT-81B931,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENT81B931.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/522048.jpg
728500,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1700,"Very small Early Bronze Age flat axehead, probably of quite pure copper, in rather worn condition. Much of one face is purplish with small, thick patches of verdigris. On the other face there are only narrow purplish areas. Length 55.2mm. Width 39.8mm. Thickness 7.6mm. Weight 73.52g. c.2350 - c.1700 BC.



Field WG3",,4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-01T00:00:00Z,2015-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,73.52,,,7.6,55.2,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wreningham,TM1699,Centred on field,52.54597673,1.18416659,NMS-8321DF,,56989_8321DF_BA_FlatAxehead.jpg,Early Bronze Age Flat Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/56989_8321DF_BA_FlatAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/558439.jpg
728533,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-800,"Late Bronze age copper alloy sword fragment, 47mm wide, 35mm high and 13mm thick with a weight of 57.18grams. The fragment is very abraided and consists of a triangular fragment with an eliptical cross section and represents part of a handle and blade of a sword. The object consists of two seperate pieces of metal, the blade and the handle fragment which surrounds it. When viewed from above the blade, 35mm long, has a narrow eliptical cross section which becomes narrower and thicker as it travels through the handle, until it has an oval cross section as viewed from below.

The blade is surrounded by the upper part of the handle. On both sides, the upper edge of the handle drops down and inwards from each end forming a semi-circular depression in its centre and creating sub-rectangular &#39;projections&#39; at each side. It also tapers in width, narrowing towards the present base, to accomodate the users hand. On each side of the handle, centrally placed in the projections are &#39;dummy&#39; rivets. These are positioned to correspond with those on the opposite side and one set are slightly deeper set than the others (The rough sketch attached shows the position of the &#39;dummy&#39; rivets).

Neil Wilkin has identified the fragment as &#39;belonging to a relatively small group of British swords with &#39;solid&#39; bronze hilts rather than organic ones (Burgess &amp; Colquhoun 1981, 122, no. 751-5), including a recent discovery from Cherry Burton, Yorkshire (YORYM-958D05). This type of sword has parallels in continental Europe (cf. Von Quillfeldt 1995) . In terms of chronology, it belongs to the Late Bronze Age of the Ewart Park phase (c.950-800 cal BC)&#39;.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,2015-05-11T00:00:00Z,,,57.18,,,13,47,1,,Wendy Scott,,Rutland,Rutland,Whissendine,SK8213,,52.70846408,-0.78774109,LEIC-90D6B3,,LEIC90D6B3.jpg,Late Bronze age copper alloy sword fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC90D6B3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/522112.jpg
728954,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"A fragment of a Bronze Age axe or palstave, only a fragment of the blade tip survives. The fragment is broadly triangular and triangular in cross section. The fragment tapers from the break (5.95mm) to the cutting edge (1mm).



The fragment is 22.7mm in length, 12.1mm wide, 6mm thick and weighs 4.73 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.73,,,6.03,22.84,1,Julie Dawn Shoemark,Claire Goodey,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0544,From finder,51.19519836,-1.9298266,WILT-A99153,,WILTA99153.jpg,Bronze Age axe,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTA99153.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/528519.jpg
729827,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy, possible tip from a spear head, of probable Middle Bronze Age dating (1500 BC to 1150 BC).



Around 5% of the spear head is present, consisting only of the possible tip. It is sub triangular in shape, with a circular cross section. Traces of side blades are present to either side.



It measures 25.9 mm in length, 7.6 mm wide (base), 5.0 mm wide (tip) and 6.2 mm thick. It weighs 3.6 g.



The possible spear head is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-26T00:00:00Z,2015-01-26T00:00:00Z,,,3.6,,,6.2,25.9,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Warwickshire,North Warwickshire,Middleton,SP1798,From finder,52.57955073,-1.75055595,WMID-270D2F,,WMID270D2F.jpg,Probable Middle Bronze Age: Possible spear head fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID270D2F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/522960.jpg
730123,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A copper alloy Middle Bronze Age spear (spearhead) dating from about 1550 - 1250 BC. The spear has a very short and rounded leaf shaped blade, and two side loops on the socket; Davis Group 6, 'developed side looped'.



The blade of the spear appears to be complete but it is unusually small at 37.4mm long and 24.6mm wide. The edge facets are about 3mm wide. The midrib continues to the very tip of the blade. It forms a pronounced rounded rib on each face. It can be described as conical, but is a little taller than it is wide.



There is 17mm between the base of the blade and the side loops. These are quite flat and have expanded pointed oval outer faces to the loops. The loops are 22.5mm long, 12mm wide and project 8mm from the shaft. Internally the loops are about 2mm wide and 7mm long. The casting seams are still visible between the loops and the blade but have been carefully trimmed. They are not visible between the loops and the mouth of the socket.



The mouth is circular and is 19.5mm external diameter. The walls are 2.8 - 3mm thick. The socket can be measured to at least 65.3mm deep. It tapers smoothly into the midrib.



The spear has a smooth tan brown patina with some slight pitting. Overall, it is 86mm long, 24.6mm wide, 18.8mm thick and is 57.81g.



Side-looped spearheads are Class IV and date from the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, about 1500-1150 BC. GLO-F69302 is a similarly shaped example. Davis (2017) suggests that 'spearheads from the earlier MBA [Middle Bronze Age] were those with sockets extending into the blade, and with loops on the side of the socket'. He dates these 'to the Acton Park and Taunton phases, 1550-1250 BC', consequently this example has been dated similarly.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-01T00:00:00Z,2014-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,57.81,,,18.8,86,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Saxilby with Ingleby,SK8872,Generated from computer mapping software,53.23774789,-0.68293756,SWYOR-3D024E,,PAS_2526_spear2.jpg,Middle Bronze Age side looped spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2526_spear2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/523244.jpg
730462,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Probable Bronze Age (-1000 to -800) blade fragment: The copper alloy blade fragment is sub-rectangular with both terminals being broken, but not recently as the patina covers the break. One break is slightly upturned, which suggests the blade may have been bent to break it. In section the blade is an elongated, sub-pointed oval with the edges being slightly chamfered. There is no obvious mid rib on either face. The surface of the blade has a traces of a dark brown patina, otherwise the surface is heavily pitted. It measures 40.5mm long, 17.76mm wide, 2.82mm thick. It weighs 9.76 grams.



It is probably a fragment from a sword, dagger or rapier of the Late Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-18T23:00:00Z,2015-04-22T23:00:00Z,,,9.76,,,2.82,40.5,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Combe Fields,SP4181,From finder,52.42545569,-1.39848102,WAW-599241,,WAW599241.jpg,"Bronze Age blade from a sword, rapier or dagger (plan, profile, plan and section).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW599241.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/523497.jpg
731853,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead. Extant length and width 32 and 23mm. Weight 13.33g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-23T23:00:00Z,2015-03-12T00:00:00Z,,,13.33,,,,32,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Gayton,TF7418,Generated from computer mapping software,52.73164221,0.57551146,NMS-F80F88,,30411_F80F88_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/30411_F80F88_BA_Axehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155046.jpg
732076,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Incomplete, copper alloy, side looped and socketed spear (spearhead) of probably the Middle Bronze Age period, dating from c. BC 1500 - c. BC 1150.


Most of the spear remains but the tip, side loops and the bottom half of the base are missing.


The spearhead is sub-triangular in plan and profile with a sub-oval / leaf-shaped blade, hollow socket and the remains of two cast side loops. The blade (sides and tip) of the spearhead is incomplete having been damaged in the ploughsoil. Therefore, accurate dimensions of the blade length and width cannot be given. The surviving blade measures 44.01 mm in length, and is 28.7 mm wide. Along the centre of the blade is a lozenge (oval) shaped midrib. This midrib expands into the socket of the spear. The socket is sub-oval in cross section and expands evenly along its length. The base of the socket has been damaged and broken, the internal diameter is approximately 12.2 mm. The internal length of the socket is 43.8 mm which suggests that it may extend a short distance into the midrib of the blade. The remains of the two loops are located on either side at the base of the socket, they remain as two oval shaped lugs one on top of the other, evenly spaced, on either side. These two loops would have originally been used to help attach and secure the spearhead to the wooden shaft. They also may have been used as suspension loops for some form of tassel or decoration. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. 

The spear measures 71.8 mm length, has a maximum width of 28.7 mm and maximum thickness of 14.5 mm. The blade has a thickness of 9.1 mm, and the wall of the socket is 2.7 mm thick. The spearhead weighs 41.7 grams. 

The spearhead is a dark-brown green colour. Originally it would have had a heavy polished patina that covered all surfaces. This patina has been badly abraded in many areas and there are several large pock marks on both the blade and the socket. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail and has resulted in the loss of part of the base and the tip of the object. 

Similar looped spearheads have been dated by Margaret Ehrenberg to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions (c. 1500 - 1150BC). Others have been recorded on the database, including HESH-218915. 

Ref:

Ehrenberg, M.R., 1977 Bronze Age Spearheads from Berks, Bucks and Oxon Oxford : British Archaeological Reports 34. 



The missing tip of the spear head was discovered in December 2016 and has been recorded DENO-448691",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,41.7,,12.2,14.5,71.8,1,Helen Glenn (Derby),Helen Glenn (Derby),East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Farnsfield,SK6457,From finder,53.10636278,-1.04546516,DENO-3B0107,,DENO3B0107.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Side looped and socketed spear (spearhead),Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/helenglenn3/DENO3B0107.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/525066.jpg
732242,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1500,"Early to Middle Bronze age copper alloy flanged axehead, Length 62mm, width 17mm, thickness 11mm, weight 53.35g. The object is complete and in fair condition. It has a slightly damaged rounded blade. The object narrows from this point becoming rectangular in form and cross section. The body of the axe has rounded sides which expand upwards to form a flange along each long edge on both surfaces. The axe is very similar to NMS-370DE4.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2015-06-03T23:00:00Z,,,53.35,,,11,62,1,Wendy Scott,Theresa Oswin,East Midlands,Rutland,Rutland,Ayston,SK8600,GPS (from the finder),52.59100685,-0.73193603,LEIC-4ECDE9,,LEIC4ECDE9.jpg,Bronze Age Axehead,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/teeosw/LEIC4ECDE9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/524777.jpg
732431,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe. The fragment is J-shaped in section and roughly rectangular in plan. There is a clear mould line evident.   On the inner edge of the lip there is a possible sprue from casting waste.  The fragment has a grey green patina. The length is 24.40mm, maximum width is 33.77mm, maximum thickness of the lip 5.53mm. The weight is 13.54 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.54,,,5.53,24.04,1,Richard Henry,Claire Goodey,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Frampton,SY6396,From finder,50.76240318,-2.52597106,WILT-6416A6,,WILT6416A6.jpg,Bronzeage to Iron Age socketed axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT6416A6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/526390.jpg
733121,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,1000,"
An elongated fragment of thin copper-alloy sheet, now very 'nibbled' along its edges and likely to be part of a razor of Bronze Age date. The fragment tapers and the narrower end is straight. The narrower end is pierced by a circular attachment hole. The opposite end may be incomplete. On both sides is a series of low parallel ridges which may be the result of hammering.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-29T23:00:00Z,,,,3.94,,,,53.53,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Swyncombe,SU6791,From finder,51.61385101,-1.03376061,SUR-E3AEB2,,B15548.JPG,Undated: Unidentified object,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B15548.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/525611.jpg
733317,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1700,"A copper alloy Early Bronze Age flat axe probably dating from 1900 - 1700 BC. This fits into metalworking stage V-VI, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3-4. The axe is decorated with rain pattern and bands of incised herringbone pattern.



The axe has a rounded butt which is about 30mm wide. The sides are straight for most of their length, then flare outwards to form a crescentic cutting edge with concave shoulders. The axe is thickest at the proto stop ridge (12.9mm thick) where the face of the butt and the face of the blade change in angle. This thickened area is decorated with a band of herringbone pattern incised across the axe. The band of decoration is 5.1mm wide and is divided into two rows of oblique lines, each row sloping in a different direction.



The cuttin edge is damaged, chipped and corroded with pitting and concretion adhering. It is 99mm wide but the tips are missing. The breaks are patinated. The first visible decoation is 16mm from the cutting edge. It is a group of at least three lines which follow the line of the cutting edge. Inside them is a band 7mm wide which is decorated with widely spaced lines forming triangles. Only one and a half are visible. Behind this band is a 9mm wide panel of herringbone pattern. The area is divided into three zones with incised lines following the line of the cuttin edge. The spaces are filled with punched oblique lines.



The sides of the face have a border of two engraved parallel lines, 2mm apart, following the line of the edge of the axe. This runs from the inside edge of the triple herringbone band, is unterrupted by the herringbone at the stop ridge, and contines to at least 50mm from the butt. Wherever the original surface survives on the butt and the blade, there is rain pattern; wide, shallow depressions, from 3 - 10mm long and about 0.5 - 0.7mm wide, orientated along the length of the axe.



The other face of the axe appears to be decorated in the same way, but has less detail surviving. It is uncertain whether some transverse lines across the middle of the butt are decoration or later damage. More rain pattern is visible.



The sides of the axe are thickened, but are not developed into flanges. They do not appear to be decorated, but little original surface survives and they are pitted.



The axe is similar to Willerby metalwork illustrated on page 125 of Rohn and Needham (1998), especially number 58. Compare also CORN-C53643 and SF-9072A6. The axe is 205mm long, 99mm wide and 12.9mm thick. 604g. It has a smooth dark grey green patina surviving in places, but much of the axe is pitted and corroded and is a bright green to white colour, especially at the ends.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-10T00:00:00Z,2015-03-20T00:00:00Z,,,604,,,12.9,205,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Bradford,Bradford,Steeton with Eastburn,SE0243,From finder,53.88318741,-1.9710595,SWYOR-F748BE,,PAS_2565_axe.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2565_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/525752.jpg
733384,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy tanged dagger or knife blade of late Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC). The object is composed of a single cast piece with a slight central ridge. The shaft is rectangular with a single, central, circular perforation at its upper end. A minor amount of the shaft is missing due to an old break. The blade is wider below the shaft to form angular shoulders which then taper to a point at its lower end.



The metal is a dark green with lighter green patches and has a pitted and corroded patina.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: Unique ID: BERK-302CB3, Unique ID: DOR-FAC625 and Unique ID: LIN-01C457",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.9,,,3.28,63.43,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Ford,NT9438,From a paper map,55.63552281,-2.0968675,DUR-F9F5D4,,DURF9F5D4.jpg,DUR-F9F5D4 : Dagger : Bronze Age,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DURF9F5D4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/525774.jpg
733726,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An almost complete copper alloy basal-looped socketed spearhead (Davis Group 9) of the Middle Bronze Age period, dating 1500 - 1150 BC.



The object has been broken into two pieces on lifting due to an old break just below the blade.



The spearhead is broadly oval in plan and triangular in profile. It has a leaf or flame shaped blade. The tip of the spear is complete and the left side of the blade is complete with the cutting edge in tact, the right side of the blade is mostly complete aside from a irregular shaped piece missing from two thirds of the way down the blade. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering (tip to base) oval shaped midrib which expands into the socket of the spear. The socket is best described as being conical in shape. The spearhead is broken at a point above the socket, the break is jagged and the edges are abraded and patinated suggesting that the break is an old one, however the pieces detached on lifting when found. The socket is conical and tapers evenly inside the mid rib. At the base of the blade are two broadly rectangular shaped loops each with a rectangular perforation, when the two pieces of the object are together the loops are complete, they have been broken but no part is missing. The loops would have originally been used to help attach and secure the spearhead to the wooden shaft, a part of which remains inside both pieces of the socket. They also may have been used as suspension loops for some form of tassel or decoration.



The object has a maximum length of 165 mm, a maximum width of 40.0 mm. It has a maximum thickness of 24.5 mm and a maximum weight of 97 g.



Piece 1 (Blade) - has a length of 97.2 mm and a maximum width of 40.0 mm at the base of the blade, the tip is 6.0 mm wide. It has a maximum thickness of 15.9 mm at the base and 4.2 mm at the tip. It weighs 43.7 g



Piece 2 (Socket) - has a length of 77.3 mm and a width of 23.6 mm. It has a maximum thickness of 24.5 mm at the base and 18.0 mm at the top. It weighs 54.0 g



Metallurgical composition of the spear was tested using a Mistral tabletop XRF machine at Birmingham Museum Conservation laboratory. The results are as follows:




	

		

			
Area

			
Cu

			
Fe

			
Sn

			
Pb

			
Al

			
Sb

		

		

			
Tip

			
14.63

			
14.06

			
43.87

			
2.00

			
24.98

			
0.46

		

		

			
Blade edge - tip end

			
55.50

			
8.94

			
33.03

			
2.53

			
-

			
-

		

		

			
At break edge on tip end

			
17.84

			
8.1

			
57.47

			
2.13

			
14.10

			
0.46

		

		

			
Shaft end

			
8.44

			
13.30

			
53.33

			
2.21

			
22.72

			
-

		

	





The spear is a mid brown in colour with an uneven patina, there is evidence of areas of corrosion, as well as evidence, on the left side of the blade, of the original gold coloured patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail.



Similar basal-looped spearheads have been classified by Richard Davis (2006) and dated to the Middle Bronze Age. Davis has sub-classified these into classes / Types. This example corresponds best with his Type 6. Davis dates his Type 6 to the later Acton Park phase (1500-1300 BC) of the Middle Bronze Age the Taunton phase (1400 - 1200BC) and the early Penard phase (1250-1150BC) These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). Two similar examples of the overall style of spearhead are illustrated in Savory: Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections ref: 230, Llanbeblig, Caern. and 337:2 Nantcwnlle, Cards. The later example was discovered in an excavation of a burial mound in association with a Pygmy Cup.Other similar examples have also been recorded on the database, including HESH-BA2F61and HESH-821195.



Ref:



Ehrenberg, M.R., 1977 Bronze Age Spearheads from Berks, Bucks and Oxon Oxford : British Archaeological Reports 34, ,



Davis, R., 2006 Basal-Looped Spearheads: Typology, chronology, context and use Oxford : BAR,",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-07-18T23:00:00Z,2015-07-18T23:00:00Z,,,97,,,24.5,165,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Church Eaton,SJ8418,GPS (from the finder),52.7593659,-2.23852973,WMID-244D11,,WMID244D11_1.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Basal Looped Spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID244D11_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/526178.jpg
734356,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Middle or Late Bronze Age (1500 BC to 800 BC) spearhead or ferrule: The socket remains of the copper alloy spearhead, or ferrule. The socket tapers towards the upper edge. The base is abraded and incomplete, and there is a possible rivet hole at the edge. At the base the void is 13.11mmx12.46mm on the interior, and the wall varies between 3.2mm and 2mm thick. The upper edge is broken, but not recently. Towards the upper edge there is an irregular hole on one side, this is not recent damage. The surface of the socket has a well-developed incomplete heavy mid to dark green patina.  
It measures 37.49mm in length, 18.84mm wide, 17.69mm thick and weighs 19.02g.
The socket is probably a middle or late Bronze Age socketed spearhead or ferrule.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-05T23:00:00Z,2015-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,19.02,,,17.69,37.49,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wyre Forest,Rock,SO7769,From finder,52.31861605,-2.33884397,WAW-938FC7,,WAW938FC7.jpg,Ferrule,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW938FC7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/526858.jpg
734550,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy Group III palstave (1500-1300 BC): A copper alloy palstave with very feint single mid rib and raised flange facets. The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with slightly concave sides, and flared blade tips. On both faces of the blade there is a feint single mid rib which appears to continue to the mid section of the blade. The surface of the blade has only small patches of a dark brown patina, mainly within the hollows, otherwise the surface is pitted. The cutting edge is rounded due to abrasion, but appears to be slightly asymmetrical. The blade facet is 11.62mm wide. The sides of the blade are concave in plan, and this curvature stops at the junction of the blade and flange side. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. Both sides of the blade have a feint trace of a casting seam. There is a prominent stop-ridge which is rectangular in plan. Before the stop ridge, on both faces, there is a small shield-shaped/pattern decoration. The flange sides are a sub triangle in profile with casting seams, and are incomplete. One side, at the junction of the blade and stop there is an incomplete, integral loop which has a sub-lozenge section. The void is a sub semi-circle. In plan the septrum tapers slightly towards the butt, whose butt is rectangular with rounded corners. On one face of the butt terminal there are two large air holes visible. The palstave measures 159.16mm long from the blade cutting edge to the butt, 59.90mm wide from one blade tip to the other, and 29.16mm thick across the stop ridges. It weighs 398g.



The palstave is an early example and is classified as a Group III type which has a mid rib decoration. Dot Broughton comments that 'shield-pattern below the stop ridge is small compared to others'. These group of palstaves date to the Middle Bronze Age period, and can be narrowed down to 1500-1300 BC.



Peter Reavill comments that the palstave '...fits within Acton Park II or Taunton metalworking assemblage.' Therefore this can be classified further as fitting within Needham Period 5, Burgess Metalworking phase VIII. Similar axes are illustrated in Savoury (1980), Figure 22, Nos. 162 and 164.



Savory, H.N. 1980 Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections National Museum of Wales, Cardiff",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-05T23:00:00Z,2015-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,398,,,29.16,159.16,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Sheriffhales,SJ7413,From finder,52.7140283,-2.38631036,WAW-B8887E,,WAWB8887E.jpg,"Bronze Age palstave (plan, profile, plan and profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWB8887E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/527721.jpg
734632,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"
A late Bronze Age copper-alloy chisel with a rectangular-sectioned tang and a pronounced collar. The chisel is in good condition with only a slight loss from the blade.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.88,,,6.28,48.1,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Codford,ST9839,GPS (from the finder),51.15025548,-2.02997349,SUR-E27EB1,,15869.JPG,Bronze Age: Chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15869.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/528213.jpg
735137,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A Middle Bronze Age pin with a disc-shaped head, decorated shaft and perforated swelling on the shaft. The pin is a derivative of a Picardy-type pin and dates to c1400-1250BC. The pin is now bent but is complete and, if straight, measures 180mm. The surfaces are now mainly dark brown and there are iron-rich surface deposits, especially underneath the head of the pin. The disc-shaped head is 23.70mm in diameter and has a prominent rim on its upper face. The face of the disc is left rough and gives the impression there was an inlay made from a different material. Less than midway along the shaft is a prominent projection in the form of an elongated diamond which is pierced by a transverse hole now filled with corrosion products. Surface damage to the projection reveals a bright yellow metal.



Between this projection and the sloping base of the head the shaft is extensively decorated. The decoration comprises three, or more probably four, bands of (4 or 5) encircling grooves. Between each group of encircling grooves the shaft is covered with bands of alternating diagonal hatching.



Picardy type pins are dated from the early Taunton phase of the Bronze Age and according to the most recent interpretations probably go out of use by the Renard phase, giving a date range of between c.1400 and 1250 BC (Roberts, 2007: 141). These pins are still very rare along the Atlantic seabord although there are two others known from Suffolk and at least one from Norfolk, but in general they seem confined to southern and south-eastern Britain.",See SF-509598 for the head of a similar pin and further comment.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-06-20T23:00:00Z,,,,32.7,,23.7,,180,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Clanfield,SP2901,,51.70699339,-1.58171638,SUR-1EFCC6,,DSCF9553.JPG,Bronze Age: Picardy type pin,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF9553.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/527492.jpg
735463,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"
A fragment comprising the butt of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave. The fragment is in good condition and the beginning of the side wings are visible.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.42,,,8.31,13.19,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Broughton,SU3134,GPS (from the finder),51.10446713,-1.55860811,-SUR 7066000.00,,15926.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave butt,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15926.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/530461.jpg
735498,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A chip from the blade of a Middle - Late Bronze Age copper alloy axe.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.99,,,4.91,,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Whitchurch,SU4646,From a paper map,51.21135951,-1.34284682,SUR-71FFE8,,15956.JPG,Bronze Age: Axe blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15956.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/530695.jpg
735500,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,A lump of possible Bronze Age copper alloy metal working debris weighing 117g. The lump retains one flat side.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,117,,,27.7,40.11,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Hurstbourne Priors,SU4646,From a paper map,51.21135951,-1.34284682,SUR-720E8C,,,,,,,
735668,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-600,A bent Bronze Age - Iron Age copper alloy awl. The awl is 63mm long; it has a chisel at one end and a point at the other. The awl is rectangular in section.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.12,,,4.23,63.28,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU2837,GPS (from the finder),51.13159643,-1.60122363,SUR-8BE4A1,,15985.JPG,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15985.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/532112.jpg
735669,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-600,"A bent Bronze Age - Iron Age copper alloy awl 73mm long. The awl has a chisel at one end where the section is rectangular, and a point at the other end which is circular in section.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,3.97,73.4,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU2837,GPS (from the finder),51.13159643,-1.60122363,SUR-8BEBFB,,15986.JPG,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/15986.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/532114.jpg
735897,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1150,"Copper alloy Bronze Age palstave axe fragment. This is the butt of the axe which consists of a rounded terminal, both the top and bottom surfaces are slightly dished resulting in the sides becoming expanded. This fragment represents only about 5-10% of the original artefact.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-01T00:00:00Z,2015-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,11.46,,,6,22,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Somerset,South Somerset,South Petherton,ST4115,From finder,50.93141751,-2.84093624,GLO-9F1046,,GLO9F1046.jpg,GLO-9F1046 Bronze Age axe fragment,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO9F1046.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/529454.jpg
735979,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2500,-350,Two fragments of possible Bronze Age - Early Iron Age copper alloy possible casting debris both rounded with one concave side.  They are 22.40 cm in length and 4.24g and 20.84mm in length and 2.10g respectively.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,2,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Whitchurch,SP2247,From a paper map,52.12088171,-1.68009422,SUR-A0C9E4,,151012.JPG,Bronze Age: Metalworking debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/151012.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/532224.jpg
736216,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fagment comprising the blade and the base of the socket of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, Meldreth type, dating from c. 1000-800BC. The sides of the axe facetted, with three facets to each side, and there are traces of filing on the blade. The blade edge itself is eroded. The axe has a dark brown patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-05-23T23:00:00Z,,,,52.58,,,13.74,34.82,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Bray,SU9175,From finder,51.4666633,-0.69136097,SUR-B3D798,,B15630.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B15630.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/528564.jpg
736257,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"Incomplete copper alloy Early Bronze age flat axehead, dating 2150 -1500 BC. The butt of the axe head is lost. It starts narrow but gradually widens, resulting in a flared cutting edge. There is a great deal of damage and wear to the axe. The metal is dark green with a patchy light green patina. 



The object 77mm in length



It is a similar form to SWYOR-9EC7C9.","
Record created by the images and information supplied by finder. Artefact/coin not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,77,1,Mike Cuddeford,Katie Bishop,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Great Dunmow,TL6223,From finder,51.88202991,0.35227697,ESS-B4F172,,ESSB4F172Axe.jpg,"A copper alloy Bronze age Axe, dating 2150-1500 BC.",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESSB4F172Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/528748.jpg
736790,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy Group III palstave (1500-1300 BC), 153mm long, 58mm wide and 27mm thick. The object is in a worn but fair condition with some original surface present. It has a rectangular form and cross section at the butt end with a prominent stop rib and gently tapering flanges. On one side the circular scars of a handle can be seen, positioned in the butt end, with one end aligned to the stop rib. At the blade end the object begins with an almost square cross section at which point there is a prominent, wide rib, visible on both faces, which runs about half the length of the blade. The blade tapers in width to the point and is triangular in form with a wide curving tip, which is intact but very worn.



The object fits Burgess group IIIa and is similar to examples in BAR233 p.8. fig.47/48.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2015-08-10T23:00:00Z,,,,,,27,153,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,North West Leicestershire,Charley,SK4714,From a paper map,52.72161642,-1.30558271,LEIC-1D429E,,LEIC1D429E.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy palstave,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC1D429E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/529247.jpg
736807,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2300,1500,"Undated copper alloy rectangular object, 60mm long, 17mm wide and 8mm thick with a weight of 37.65grams. The object is rectangular in form and cross section with rounded edges. It is very abraided and has no obvious decoration, but its patina and condition suggest it is of some age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2015-08-10T23:00:00Z,,,37.65,,,8,60,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,North West Leicestershire,Charley,SK4714,From a paper map,52.72161642,-1.30558271,LEIC-1DEF09,,LEIC1DEF09.jpg,undated copper alloy object,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC1DEF09.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/529256.jpg
737121,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier dating 1500-1150 BC. This rapier has the characteristic thin narrow blade that expands to form a plate with rounded end and two rivet holes for attachment to the hilt.  There is a slight notch just below the rivet hole on each side.  The blade has a flattened, broad central mid rib.  The blade is bent so that it now forms a gentle curve when viewed in profile.  There are some notches along the cutting edges but these may be due to post depositional damage.



Dimensions: length:  380mm; width: 46.59mm; thickness: 5.88mm; diameterof rivet holes: 6.59mm; maximum width of blade: 24.48mm; weight: 380g.



Very similar examples are reported in the middle Bronze Age hoards found at Taunton and Penard (Rohl & Needham 1998:129, 131) and also recorded on the PAS database e.g. BERK-6C30D2 and BUC-680280. 



Reference: Rohl, B. and Needham, S. 1998. The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis. The British Museum Occasional Paper No. 102. The British Museum, London.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,188.2,,6.59,5.88,380,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Northmoor,SP4101,From finder,51.70624727,-1.40806287,LON-47F5C3,,RapierLON47F5C3.jpg,A middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier dating 1500-1150 BC.,Museum of London,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/RapierLON47F5C3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/542518.jpg
737152,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axe head of Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The object has a crescent cutting edge, upper suspension loop and a raised moulded collar. One side of the body of the object is missing a portion at the socketed end, a fragment of which was found with the object. The inner surface of the object has a raised longitudinally running rib on both sides,



The metal is a light green in colour with a pitted and corroded patina.



Length: 71.7mm, Width: 46.19mm, Thickness: 4.13mm, Weight: 83.4g.



Fragment: Length: 29.18mm, Width: 19.29mm, Thickness: 2.7mm, Weight: 3.1g.","
Although later than most pieces we record this is of local interest
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,83.4,,,4.13,71.7,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Wolsingham,NZ1136,From a paper map,54.71888255,-1.83075779,DUR-4927E5,,DUR4927E5a.jpg,DUR-4927E5 : Socketed Axehead : Bronze Age,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DUR4927E5a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/529777.jpg
737564,Votive Model,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-500,"A complete Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age copper alloy Votive Model of a miniature wheel dated to c. 1000-500 BC. The wheel is circular in plan with a trapezoidal shaped 'axel' from which four spokes radiate before joining the outer rim. The rim of the wheel and the spokes are rectangular in cross section. There is a circular perforation in the centre of the axle which appears to have been drilled. The upper surface of the model is covered with striations in one direction which appear to have been creating by an abrasive surface. The reverse of the model is not decorated. The object has been bent on one side, probably post depositional damage.



The model is 19.8mm in diameter, 2.7mm thick and weighs 2.17 grams.



On the record for HESH-C53CF4, which is very similar to this example, Peter Reavill writes:



""This form of artefact is relatively rare and the PAS has only recorded one other example from Thimbleby, Lincolnshire (DENO-0BBA52). Images of this artefact were sent to Dr Adam Gwilt at NGMW, Cardiff. Dr Gwilt suggested that similar comparable artefacts had been recorded in the late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age assemblage from the votive site at Flag Fen, Peterborough, amongst the Iron Age Salisbury hoard, and also the Hounslow Hoard. ""



A very similar example has also been recorded from Kent: KENT-9348EE.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.17,,19.8,2.7,,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Barham Downs,TR2150,Generated from computer mapping software,51.20643314,1.16244072,KENT-70F063,,KENT70F063.jpg,KENT-70F063,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENT70F063.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/530175.jpg
737652,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Three non-joining fragments of probably the one Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier or dirk with part of the hafting-plate with broken rivet-holes (extant width 34mm, extant length 36) and two fragments of blade with flat median rib, corroded and pitted with damaged edges (extant width 20mm and 19mm, extant lengths 70mm and 65mm). Blade 3.5mm thick. Combined weight 52.62g. 1600-1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-06-08T23:00:00Z,2015-07-12T23:00:00Z,,,52.62,,,3.5,34,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Shouldham,TF6809,,52.65270705,0.48215311,NMS-748714,,24272_748714_SNF100889_MBA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,Three fragments of probably one Middle Bronze Age rapier or dirk,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/24272_748714_SNF100889_MBA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154889.jpg
737718,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Probably Late Bronze Age copper alloy ring. Circular-sectioned, narrowing slightly at one point perhaps through wear. Irregular corrosion, with a grey sheen from a high white metal content on the patinated areas. External diameter 41.5mm. Internal diameter 39.5mm. Diameter of section 6 - 8mm. 1000 - 701BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-08T23:00:00Z,2014-09-08T23:00:00Z,,,,,41.5,8,,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Saham Toney,TF9106,Generated from computer mapping software,52.6181665,0.820013,NMS-AF3139,,28294_AF3139_LBA_CopperAlloyRing__a_ILL.jpg,Probably Late Bronze Age ring,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/28294_AF3139_LBA_CopperAlloyRing__a_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155978.jpg
737790,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Description



Two joining fragments form a parallel sided strip, or ribbon. The whole is heavily disfigured by buckling and denting, including a sharp bend at the break Both ends are neatly squared suggesting that the complete object is present. One of the terminals is emphasised by a slight external beading. Prior to damage, the back would have been flat, while the front carries twenty-four very finely incised grooves aligned longitudinally.





Extant lengths 60.5 & 41.5 mm Length stretched out  c.117 mm width c. 17.5 mm thickness c. 0.5 mm weights  6.1 & 3.6 g","Identification



This object cannot be identified with total certainty, but similar multi-grooved ribbon ornaments of Bronze Age date and varied in size are known from north-west Europe; this provides the most likely cultural background. The length of the ribbon, if complete, is too short for other than a child’s bracelet. Another ornamental function is more likely.





Narrow-ribbon ornaments from the Saint-Marc-le-Blanc hoard, Brittany, have fewer and correspondingly broader ribs/grooves. They are finer on an earring from Saint-Père-en-Retz (Loire-Atlantique) and finer still on some Irish Bronze Age ornaments. Among the latter are examples in two important associations, from Saintjohns, Co Kildare, and Derrinboy, Co Offaly. The Derrinboy pieces have enhanced ribs along the long edges not present on the Flixton object, but they are of similar length. Good parallels are harder to find in Britain, but there is a similar grooved strip from The Hamel, Oxford, excavated from a layer which also yielded Beaker pottery of the Early Bronze Age. Three gold grooved strips from Scottish grave finds which served as pommel mounts for Early Bronze Age daggers are crafted differently and may be less relevant.





Conclusion



This object is predominantly of precious metal, is almost certainly over 300 years old and potentially of archaeological interest both locally and for broader stylistic studies.





Dr S.P. Needham



Department of Prehistory & Europe



British Museum





This Treasure Case was reported prior to 2007 at which time PAS database records for items of potential Treasure became mandatory. As such some information may be missing from the record and no image of the object could be located.



The details of this find are now being added as part of a retrospective documentation project by the FLO in order to ensure maximum retention and accessibility of knowledge.",4,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2003-01-01T00:00:00Z,,2003T40,,6.8,,,0.5,60.5,2,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Folkton,TA0379,From finder,54.19642212,-0.42271002,YORYM-B38CE8,,,,,,,
738013,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"A complete cast copper alloy late Early Bronze Age to early Middle Iron Age developed flanged axehead probably dating to between 1700-1500 BC. The axehead has a narrow round-ended butt, which widens slightly down the length of the axehead before widening into a thin crescentic blade with pointed ends. Along the length of the axehead are two raised flanges, which produce a roughly H-shaped cross section. In profile the axehead is a pointed oval shape. The axehead is in good condition with a greeny-brown patina, with some small patches of corrosion ('bronze disease') present. This example is smaller than most other recorded on this database.



The axehead measures 74.48 mm long, 40 mm wide (at blade-end), and is 12.8mm thick. Weight: 91.8 grams",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,91.8,,,12.8,74.48,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Aston Sandford,SP7607,,51.7565422,-0.90032521,BERK-C8DAEA,,OXPAS2015124.jpg,Bronze Age axehead: Flanged axehead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/OXPAS2015124.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/530694.jpg
738050,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"A Copper Alloy Early Bronze Age flat axehead, dating to 2200-2000BC. Migdale type (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-44). The axehead is rectangular in shape with the butt being narrow, gradually widening to a flared cutting edge. All edges show signs of damage, though the butt end appears to have broken away. The blade end is also incredibly damaged. There is a light green patina with patches of dark brown corrosion in places.



The axehead is similar to the Migdale axes (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-44), although many of these have a wider flared cutting edge. A similar object can be seen in Schmidt & Burgess (1981, fig 190, plate 16).



The length of the axe is 73.69mm. The width of the butt is 20.45mm (4.68mm thickness) and the cutting edge is 38.68mm. The axehead weighs 142.71 grams. 



Reference: Schmidt, P. and Burgess, C. 1981. 'The Axes of Scotland and Northern England' C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,142.71,,,4.68,73.69,1,Brian Smyth,Katie Bishop,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,High Easter,TL6113,Centred on field,51.7924846,0.33311157,ESS-D96E6E,,ESSD96E6EFlataxe.jpg,"A Copper Alloy Early Bronze Age flat axehead, dating to 2200-2000BC.",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESSD96E6EFlataxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/531480.jpg
738280,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1450,"A copper alloy Early Bronze Age flat axehead dating to the period c. 2050 - 1450 BC. The axehead has a rounded butt which exhibits some old damage. It exhibits a lenticular profile. It widens along its length from 12.41mm at the butt end to 25.82mm at the blade end. The blade is rounded and the edge is incomplete due to old damage. The axehead exhibits a shiny dark green patina with a number of scratch marks on both sides. There are no casting seams visible.



The axehead exhibits similarities to Midgdale and Hopton type axes.



It measures 52.91mm in length, 12.41mm minimum width, 25.82mm maximum width, 2.68mm minimum width, 5.17mm maximum thickness and weighs 20.82g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.82,,,5.17,52.91,1,Julie Dawn Shoemark,Julie Dawn Shoemark,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Durnford,SU1335,From finder,51.11414639,-1.8156621,WILT-F21AB1,,WILTF21AB1.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTF21AB1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/531137.jpg
738382,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze age socketed axe head, dating 1000-800 BC. All that remains is part of the rim of the object. There are traces of a loop which has since broken away. A moulded rib runs around the neck of the object. The metal is a light green with a mid-dark brown patina.



Dimensions: height: 27.90 mm; width: 25.57 mm; thickness: 5.56 mm; weight; 13.56g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.56,27.9,,5.56,,1,B. Paites,B. Paites,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,South Hanningfield,TQ7095,From finder,51.62813283,0.45471399,ESS-07D636,,ESS07D636BAAxerim.jpg,"A fragment of a Late Bronze age socketed axe head, dating 1000-800 BC.",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESS07D636BAAxerim.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/532151.jpg
738685,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1400,"A near complete but worn copper alloy unlooped palstave axe dating from the Middle Bronze Age (c.1700 BC - 1400 BC), belonging to the Arreton or Acton Park phase of Bronze Age metalwork. The main body of the axe is rectangular with the blade part flaring outwards to form a curved cutting edge.



The main body of the axe is rectangular with the blade part flaring outwards to form a curved cutting edge. The axe has a well-defined stop-ridge on both faces and the flat sides of the axe are lozenge-shaped from this stop ridge extending towards the butt of the axe.



The axe has notable pitting and corrosion on all faces and overall is a dark greenish-brown colour. The length is 144mm, the width of the blade is 46mm, thickness 25mm and the weight 234.19g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-03T23:00:00Z,2015-08-03T23:00:00Z,,,234.19,,,25,144,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Whalley,SD7336,Centred on parish,53.8195687,-2.41160173,LANCUM-594187,,LANCUM594187.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM594187.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/531242.jpg
738854,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"An incomplete copper alloy Late Bronze Age (c.1150-c.600 BC) pegged, socketed spearhead, missing the rim of its socket. Overall, the spearhead measures 50.7mm long, 24.5mm wide and 19.9mm thick. It weighs 24.20g.



The spearhead is small (stumpy). It has a short kite-shaped blade measuring 37.3mm long. The edges of the blade expand to a maximum of 5.1mm away from the midrib. The midrib extends to the tip of the blade. The midrib contains the socket for the spear's shaft, which is conical and expands rapidly towards the socket opening. The socket measures 35mm in depth and the opening has an external diameter of 22.9mm and an internal diameter 19.5mm. No organic material survives in the socket.



Below the blade there are four circular perforations through the rim of the socket, one on each side. Three of these are incomplete due to the broken rim of the socket. These perforations would have held pegs for holding the spearhead on the shaft. Normally pegged spearheads have only one or two holes which are aligned below the blade edges. The two holes aligned with the blade edges are both incomplete and have damaged edges coverd with pale corrosion product. The other two have much neater edges - the complete hole is a almost a perfect circle - with the same patination as the rest of the object. Drilled holes on similar spearheads tend to be quite rough so the neater holes may have been cast rather than drilled. 



An example of a similar pegged spearhead on the database is LVPL-D726F2.



Richard Davis says: These types of spearhead are normally found in hoards and are normally found in the Southeast. Besides the other example on the database, 58 spearheads of this type have been found in Britain. Five were found in hoard in Pembrokeshire, but most have been found in East Anglia around the edge of the Fenn or in the upper Thames Valley. Also 22 of them were found in the Blackmoor Hoard in Hampshire. This find suggests that there were links between the Trent Valley and the Southeast and that there was influence in Nottinghamshire area from the Southeast.



Colquhoun, I., 1979 'The Late Bronze Age Hoard from Blackmoor, Hampshire', in C. Burgess and D. Coombs (eds.), Bronze Age hoards. [British Series 67]. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 99-116.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-01T00:00:00Z,2015-08-12T23:00:00Z,,,24.2,,,19.9,50.7,1,Alastair Willis,Alastair Willis,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Broxtowe,Nuthall,SK5145,Generated from computer mapping software,52.99990141,-1.24152485,DENO-6C055B,,DENO6C055B.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Spearhead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO6C055B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/532011.jpg
739808,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A late Middle to early Late Bronze Age (1400 - 1100 BC) copper alloy notched-butt type rapier has been deliberately broken in two prior to deposition.  The butt is trapezoid in form with shoulders that curve inwards to the narrow blade.  A single incomplete rivet hole/notch to the bottom of either side would secure the hilt in place, one of the notches still retains its rivet; the rivet is 15mm long with a 7mm diameter and has a slightly expanded domed head at either terminal. The centre of the butt has a low central rib on both sides that extends up to the base of the blade. The blade is straight and only tapers to a point in the last 25mm of its length; the overall length of the blade alone is approximately 166mm long, 20mm wide and 3.8mm thick.  The end of the blade has been snapped off, the angle of the break shows that the final 65mm of the blade was bent back on itself to about a 140 degree angle before the metal gave way and snapped. This is not post-depositional damage but a premeditated act prior to loss/burial.



The overall length including broken tip is 234mm





This fits within Burgess and Gerloff's Group IV Type, see WILT-AD8D05 for a similar example and further discussion.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-08-31T23:00:00Z,2015-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,107.55,,,5,234,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Bampton,SP3000,From finder,51.69795012,-1.56733069,GLO-036A39,,GLO036A39.jpg,GLO-036A39 Bronze Age rapier,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO036A39.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/532382.jpg
740245,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, part of the socket with a side loop. Both ends are broken and about one third of the circumference is present. Extant length 36.4mm. Weight 6.17g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-09-17T23:00:00Z,2015-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,6.17,,,,36.4,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Horningtoft,TF9223,Generated from computer mapping software,52.77045009,0.8446764,NMS-44C9C6,,60427_44C9C6_MBA_SpearheadFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60427_44C9C6_MBA_SpearheadFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156085.jpg
740817,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,42,"A cast copper-alloy unidentified object of a known type usually referred to as 'moustache-like' or 'moustache shaped'. These objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117) and various other finds reported to the PAS which are associated with Middle Bronze Age material. The object is a hollow three-dimensional pointed oval with a bulbous upper portion. It is decorated with a series of shallow longitudinal grooves which run down the exterior of the bulbous or bowl-shaped part of the item, apart from a small area on the base, which come to a halt about half way along the length of the item leaving the pointed terminus plain and undecorated. The majority of the bulbous part is hollow as can be seen from the opening at the wider end, which is roughly sub-oval at its deepest point. At the point where the two symmetrical bars join, there is a plain band of roughly 4.1 mm in width. The distance between the two lower pointed terminal-ends is approximately 14.9 mm wide, indicating that the aperture ranges from 5.7 mm wide to 12.5 mm long. The entire object measures 20.59 mm long, 18.06 mm wide, 9.56 mm thick and weighs 9.48 grams.



Other hollow examples include: SUSS-3AEC48, WILT-0C9A63, BH-A7CCB5 and BERK-403617. Unlike PAS recorded objects WILT-0C9A63 and NMS-0F4645 this example does not have two rivet holes, one each side of the opening. These holes are not seen on complete examples, such as this one, and may suggest repairs or a variation in design. The complete form gives the items the appearance of being shaped like a stylised moustache or pair of wings. The purpose of these items is unknown but chape is the usual suggestion.","
Although their function is uncertain, multiple hypotheses have been suggested, including decorative mount, dagger or scabbard chape. Dr JD Hill at the British Museum suggests that they are Iron Age rather than Bronze Age, but this is yet to be confirmed by excavation of a stratified example (Oxford Archaeology recovered a stratified example from Clay Farm, Trumpington; however it has yet to be published.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-03T00:00:00Z,,,,9.48,,,9.56,20.59,1,Stephanie Smith,Stephanie Smith,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Patching,TQ0807,GPS (from the finder),50.85244438,-0.46711013,SUSS-87634B,,SUSS87634B.jpg,Unidentified Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age Moustache Like Object,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS87634B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/533130.jpg
741042,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-801,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy rapier or dagger, dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1500-800 BC). The fragment consists of only the tip of the weapon.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Middle Aston, Oxon",6.2,,,2.4,49.42,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Middle Aston,SP4826,From a paper map,51.93045132,-1.30331237,BERK-9A6493,,2014333.jpg,Bronze Age blade: Blade tip,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2014333.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/533524.jpg
741085,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
Cast late Bronze Age copper alloy miniature socketed axe. The object is covered in a pale yellowish green patina with patches of dark grey probably representing the dark silts in which it was found. There are very occasional small patches of bright copper metal showing. In profile, the sides of the axe are parallel flaring out abruptly to form a crescent shaped blade at one end and expanding slightly at the socketed end to produce a 'collar' around the mouth of the socket. Viewed on edge, the axe is a distinctly triangular shape with a prominent oval attachment loop projecting from one edge. Both edges show remnants of significant casting seams which are very rounded perhaps through wear or possibly through rough finishing during the manufacturing process. The blade is asymmetrical with one point of the blade noticeably longer than the other, possibly the result of sharpening over time.  The socket is a rounded rectangular shape narrowing to a lozenge shape towards the blade.  



Discussion:



The small size of the axe may indicate that it was intended for a more specialised activity such as carpentry rather than simply forest clearance. (Frances Lynch pers. comm.)
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,86.9,,,5.25,59.2,1,Roland Flook,Roland Flook,Wales,Gwynedd,Gwynedd,Llanengan,SH3226,Generated from computer mapping software,52.80531429,-4.49372231,GAT-A94D8B,,PAS201439001008bc.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axe (side view),Gwynedd Archaeological Trust ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rflook/PAS201439001008bc.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/533288.jpg
741155,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Late Bronze Age cast copper-alloy socketed hammer, (1000-800BC). The hammer is almost complete with some wear on the mouth and base. The hammer body face is almost rectangular, tapering slightly towards the mouth end. There is a lower moulding line and flared collar to the mouth. From a side view the tapering cannot be seen, and the base is rounded. The vertical corners on the hammer body are chamfered, resulting in an octagonal cross-section. The mouth is ovate in shape 27.75mm by 23.51mm. Casting seams can be seen on both sides, evidence of two piece moulding. The hammer surface is smooth with a dark brown patina, where this surface has been lost the metal is rough and a light green.



The earliest bronze hammers were created in the Middle Bronze Age Taunton metalwork phase, however hammer finds are more defined in Late Bronze Age hoard discoveries. Socketed hammers became more widespread in the Penard phase (c1200-950BC), and according to Burgess this tradition lasted longer in the North of Britain whereas the characteristics of the Wilburton Phase were prominent in southern Britain during the tenth century BC. Hammers were produced in smaller numbers during the Ewart-Park Phase which is characterised by a higher volume of leaded bronze artefacts. The production of bronze and in particular tin bronze depleted after 800BC. Burgess (1968) describes two socketed hammers from the Kilnhurst hoard in Yorkshire, one long and the other short which is similar to the example here. Early examples tend to be plain with no collar, whereas later examples have collars and moulding. The example described here is more likely a later example in the Penard Phase. Burgess also parallels Penard metalwork to continental examples and in particular western France.



In comparison to socketed axes, socketed hammers are a rare find, and to date only 35 recorded and publically accessible on the PAS database, 3 of which were found in North Yorkshire. Similar hammers to this example have been recorded as FAKL-9C9543, LVPL-5A7954 and SWYOR-D13642. The Kilnhurst hammers can be seen in Burgess (1938, Fig. 13, p.18).



This hammer is 54.58mm in length, 24.25mm wide, 20.57mm thick and weighs 77g. The mouth has a max diameter of 27.75mm and a minimum of 23.51mm.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,,77,,,20.57,54.58,1,Miss Kerrie Hoffman,Miss Kerrie Hoffman,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Ellerton,SE7039,GPS (from the finder),53.84253861,-0.93761246,YORYM-ABCCE1,,THC00312.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed Hammer,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khoffman/THC00312.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/533427.jpg
741168,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-900,"A fragment of Middle to Late Bronze Age (1450 - 900 BC) bronze socketed spearhead, consisting of part of the blade section. It measures 60.7mm in length, 27.55mm maximum width and weighs 42.08 grams.



The fragment is broken on both ends, it is lozengiform in cross section and tapers and narrows from 27.4mm wide and 11.7mm thick to 18.25mm wide and 8.4mm thick at the break towards the tip.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.08,,,11.7,60.7,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,South Gloucestershire,South Gloucestershire,Hill,ST6395,,51.65256457,-2.53621467,WILT-AC5FC6,,WILTAC5FC6.jpg,Bronze Age spear head,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTAC5FC6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/533328.jpg
741377,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1400,"A Bronze Age copper alloy razor in fair condition but now a little bent. Some surface patches are missing on both sides and the blade edges are a little ragged. The razor is oval with a short narrow tang. The tang tapers and gets wider towards the blade. The edge of the tang continues into the body of the razor and the two sides form the inner edges of the blade itself.



Peter Reavill comments:



This is a Piggott (1946) Class I double-edged razor - some of these are decorated along the mid rib and many are pierced through the tang. The date is later EBA - early MBA and they are often associated with burials. This example is similar to Piggott's cat. no.34 which is from Winterslow, Wilts (and associated with cinerary urn and amber buttons / hair ornaments - now in Ashmoleon Museum). I would expect it to date in the region of c1800 BC - c1400 BC.","
Teh razor as kindly donated by the finder to the Oxfordshire Museums Service
",3,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2015-06-20T23:00:00Z,,,,16.92,,,2.2,90.07,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Bampton,SP3001,GPS (from the finder),51.70694101,-1.56724498,SUR-D8D06E,,B15852.JPG,Bronze Age: Razor,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B15852.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/534567.jpg
741428,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,An 89g lump of possible Bronze Age copper-alloy metal working debris.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,89,,,,42.51,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Checkendon,SU6782,GPS (from the finder),51.53294035,-1.03547421,SUR-EC9B86,,,,,,,
741449,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,-700,"Cast copper alloy blade from a socketed axehead that is square in plan, triangular in profile and lozenge-shaped in section. The blade is narrow with straight sides with no suggestion of flanging and the cutting edge is rounded and blunt, though severely affected by corrosive pitting. The broken end of the blade still has the end of the socket which would have expanded within the axehead as the blade developed into the body and the collar at the opposite terminal. The socket is 21 mm long, 3 mm wide and 3 mm deep. The socket, when complete, would have held the wooden haft or handle of the axe. The original surface has partly corroded away and there are patches of light green bronze disease at the broken end. The narrow straight sides of the blade suggest that it is part of an Armorican socketed axe, also refered to as 'Breton axes', a type which are usually non-functional and may have been 'ingot-axes' at least in north west France. Outside north west France they are widespread but sparse. They date from the end of the Bronze Age, the Llyn Fawr phase, and into Hallstatt C (c.800-700 BC).



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar Amorican socketed axes from Newlyn, Carn Brea and Penquite, in Cornwall, on pages 421 & 424-5, plates 14 & 17, nos.115, 129c & 134.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-06-30T23:00:00Z,2015-07-26T23:00:00Z,,,55.12,,,11.7,36,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Gwinear-Gwithian,SW5940,From a paper map,50.21081767,-5.37916601,CORN-EF36FD,,Sep15finds049.JPG,socketed axe blade,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Sep15finds049.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/533902.jpg
741638,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of a copper alloy palstave dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age c. 1500 - 1150 BC. The fragment is sub-rectangular in shape the butt and a fragment of the flanged sides survive. The axe has an angular butt and the sides gradually widen towards the break. Both sides of the palstave have high developed flanges, which increase gradually from the butt to from sub-triangular sides. 



The faces of the axe fragment are slightly concave, creating a H-shaped cross-section. The faces of the axe show signs of wear, such as scratches and the break is even and patinated, suggesting that the object was broken in antiquity. Due to the fragmentary nature of the object, it is difficult to confidently assign a Type.



The fragment measures 28.55mm in length, 26.8mm wide, 18.1mm thick and weighs 32.37 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.37,,,18.1,28.55,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Teffont,ST9833,From finder,51.09630322,-2.02993828,WILT-026A8D,,WILT026A8D.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT026A8D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536504.jpg
741639,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"An incomplete and shortened cast copper alloy rapier dating from the earlier Late Bronze Age, that is c. 1100-900BC. The blade is lozengeform in cross section with two broadly triagnular knotches at the lower section of the blade. The balde tapers from the notches to the tip (3.95mm thick to 1.95mm thick)



The rapier fragment is 27.95mm in length, 14.85mm wide, 4.4mm thick and weighs 6.43  grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.43,,,4.4,27.95,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Teffont,ST9833,From finder,51.09630322,-2.02993828,WILT-028175,,WILT028175.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT028175.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536520.jpg
741770,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard of ten objects.



1. Carp's Tongue sword blade fragment



Surviving length 41.0mm; surviving width 27.7mm; maximum thickness 9.5mm; surviving weight 35.2g.



Small blade fragment with a rounded midrib, approximately 11.8mm wide, with edge defined by single grooves to either side and on both faces. The outer sections of the blade are highly corroded, with no original blade edge surviving. The blade fragment is bent towards one end, as viewed side on, indicating it was forcibly broken in antiquity. The fragment has a green patination, with areas of ligher green corrosion along breaks. Cracking is visible on both sides, parallel with the midrib and near the corroded edges.



2. Carp's Tongue sword blade fragment



Surviving length 27.7mm; surviving width 28.6mm; maximum thickness 7.2mm; surviving weight 19.6g.



Small blade fragment with a rounded midrib, approximately 11.0mm wide, with edge defined by single grooves on either side of both faces. On one side of the blade, short sections of original blade edge are present, the outer blade section being slightly convex. On each outer blade section, a second, less pronounced groove also parallel with the blade edge is evident, approximately 4.2mm from the midrib edge grooves and 5.0mm from the blade edge (the total outer blade section being approximately 9.2mm wide). The surviving blade edge looks to have been deliberately damaged by a blade in antiquity, as evidenced by nicks and localised distortion of the blade edge. On one face, just below a break, there are impact dints on the midrib, causing localised flattening of the blade and an undulating surface. These are small and non-linear, suggesting the use of a pointed metal implement. This is further evidence of deliberate breakage of the blade in antiquity. The fragment has a green patination, with areas of lighter green corrosion along the least well preserved blade edge, in localised patches at blade breaks and in the blade edge nicks on the better preserved blade edge. Corrosion cracking is visible on the surface of the less well preserved outer blade side.



3. Purse- or bag-shaped chape fragment



Surviving width 47.1mm; surviving height 27.8mm; surviving weight 21.3g.



Base and body fragment of a chape with a curved convex base, defined by a convex ridge or bead on each face, and hollow interior. The walls of this chape thicken towards the base. On one side, a change in angle of the wall is visible, indicating a narrowing inwards towards the original mouth of the chape, now missing, thereby giving its characteristic 'purse' or 'bag' shape. At the break on the best preserved face, the partial circuit of a perforation, 2-2.5mm in diameter, is evident. This is offset from the centre line of the chape and was a point of attachment of the chape to the rest of the scabbard. No further perforations may be identified in the walls of this fragmentary chape. On one face, near the narrowing side wall, a surface dent can be seen. This was appears to have been made in antiquity and is possibly evidence of use wear or deliberate damage prior to burial. The artefact has a green patination with localised areas of light green corrosion on one face and along the line of breaks.



4. Multiple-edged perforated blade



Length 77.1mm; surviving width 42.7mm; maximum thickness at centre 8.0mm; surviving weight 88.0g.



A near complete, elongate hexagon shaped blade. The blade has a thickened elongate ridge along its longitudinal axis, tapering off on all sides, to form blade bevels and sharpened edges on all six sides. The blade has a rectangular shaped perforation at the centre and parallel with the long axis. The top of the aperture on each face is significantly larger than the actual perforation through the object. The apertures on each face, although overlapping, are also offset in relation to each other (on the long axis) and different in size. On each face, looking into the aperture, both an area of perforation and an area obscured by bronze from the centre to the lower face is evident. At one narrow end, a fragment of the blade bevel and edge has been broken off. The blade has a green patina. Original blade edges survive on one long side and one of the shorter end faces, the others being damaged and corroded with swelling light green corrosion product.



5. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment



Maximum surviving length 42.5mm; maximum surviving width 33.9mm; maximum thickness 20.8mm; surviving weight 122.1g.



Irregular upper surface and irregular convex shaped base. No edge sections apparent, although ingot fragment tapers on one side, where approaching an edge. Breaks are worn and were made in antiquity. Green to blue-green patina.



6. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment



Maximum surviving length 73.5mm; maximum surviving width 57.1mm; maximum thickness 30.7mm; surviving weight 367.6g.



Irregular upper surface and irregular convex base. Breaks on two faces and tapering in two planes indicates this is a corner fragment of a plano-convex ingot. Large interior vesicles evident along breaks. Breaks are worn and were made in antiquity. Green to grey-green patina.



7. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment



Maximum surviving length 63.7mm; maximum surviving width 48.7mm; maximum thickness 34.6mm; surviving weight 462.4g.



Irregular upper surface and slightly convex shaped base. Breaks on all four sides indicate a middle fragment of an ingot although tapering in two planes indicate the fragment was approaching two sides of the ingot. Large interior vesicles evident along breaks. Breaks are worn and were made in antiquity. Green to grey-green patina.



8. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment



Maximum surviving length 56.0mm; maximum surviving width 49.8mm; maximum thickness 27.0mm; surviving weight 299.0g.



Irregular upper surface and slightly convex shaped base. Breaks on three sides and tapering in one plane indicate that this is a side fragment of a plano-convex ingot. Interior vesicles evident along breaks. Breaks are worn and were made in antiquity. Green to grey-green patina.



9. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment



Maximum surviving length 75.0mm; maximum surviving width 63.8mm; maximum thickness 31.0mm; surviving weight 577.9g.



Irregular upper surface with vesicles and irregular convex shaped base. Three breaks and tapering in three planes suggest this is an incomplete end fragment of a plano-convex ingot. Interior vesicles are evident along breaks. Breaks are worn and were made in antiquity. Light grey-green to grey-green patina.



10. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment



Maximum surviving length 87.0mm; maximum surviving width 60.3mm; maximum thickness 36.2mm; surviving weight 618.5g.



Irregular upper surface with vesicles and irregular convex shaped base with vesicles. Three major breaks and tapering in one plane indicate this is a side fragment of a plano-convex ingot. There is a small break along the edge, although short sections of original ingot edge are present. Breaks and vesicle edges have some angularity however lack of freshly exposed surfaces suggest breakage in antiquity. Light grey-green patina.","The classes and types of artefacts identified within this dispersed artefact scatter find close parallel within Late Bronze Age hoards elsewhere, with the combination of associated types indicating they were buried during the Ewart Park phase, dating certainly to between 1000-800 BC (Needham 1996; Needham et al 1997) and probably between 900-800 BC (Brandherm & Moskal-del Hoyo 2014, 33). This is consistent with their once having been buried at the same time and in direct association with each other in the ground, probably in a small purpose made shallow pit feature. It is probable that the original hoard burial place was disturbed though recent agricultural ploughing or boundary wall modification activity nearby. The scatter pattern, over a maximum distance of 22.5 metres, is entirely consistent with these likely scenarios, dispersal of objects being commonly observed during the recovery of hoards. It is possible that further artefacts from the hoard may be found in the immediate locality at future date and these would also be considered as potential treasure, in association with these earlier finds.



The two sword blade fragments in this hoard (nos. 1 & 2 above) may be identified as of Carp's Tongue form on the basis of their rounded midribs defined by single grooves following the outline of the blade (Colquhoun & Burgess 1988, 108; Needham 1990, 52). The chape fragment (no. 3 above), of diminutive size, with a convex base defined by a bead, sides narrowing towards the mouth and a perforation for attachment to the rest of the scabbard, may be identified as one of a class of bag-shaped or purse-shaped chapes, also termed Class 3 chapes (Eogan 1965, 169-74, Fig. 92 Nos. 11-14; Burgess 1968, 22-3, 38-39; Figs 13-14 & Appendix V; O'Connor 1980, 190-1). The multiple-edged and perforated blade (no. 4 above) can be identified as a knife, with variant forms termed racloirs and hog's-back knives (O'Connor 1980, 179). Racloirs are triangular in shape with three blade edges and a central perforation, while hog's back knives are sub-rectangular, have a single blade edge and a perforation set at the top margin opposing the blade edge. While preliminary research has not yielded close parallels for the Marloes & St Brides example, with its elongate hexagon shape, central perforation and four blade edges, nevertheless the combination of similar features and form permit confident identification as a knife allied with these known classes of knives.



Plano-convex ingot fragments (nos. 5-10 above) become common components of hoards towards the end of the Late Bronze Age. Over 40 Carp's Tongue hoards of Ewart Park date, mostly from East Anglia, Essex and Kent, reported as treasure between 2003 and 2008 have contained plano-convex ingots (also termed cake ingots and bun-shaped ingots) (DCMS 2004; 2007; British Museum 2008; 2009; 2010). In south-east Wales, the Cowbridge, Glascoed, Llancarfan and St Nicholas hoards have contained plano-convex copper alloy ingot fragments as a minority element represented within them (Gwilt 2004; 2008). Similarly, the St Ishmael, Carmarthenshire hoard contained a single plano-convex ingot fragment amongst a hoard of fifteen artefacts (Gwilt et al, unpublished treasure report).",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2013-01-09T00:00:00Z,,2013T01,,,,,,,10,Adam Gwilt,Wenke Domscheit,,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Marloes and St. Brides,SM7709,From a paper map,51.73523117,-5.23102237,NMGW-1564D4,,DH007014_08.jpg,"Late Bronze Age Hoard from Marloes & St Brides, Pembrokeshire",National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wenkedomscheit/DH007014_08.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/533697.jpg
742016,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"1, fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe that consists of the blade and the base of the socket. The break is ancient and irregular with bubbles form the casting visible in the cross-section. The blade has a very low curved forward edge which is heavily corroded. Behind the blade the surface of the axe is in excellent condition with a dark green patina that has a series of shallow striation that run up from the blade on the top and bottom edge that are probably formed from use or sharpening. The casting seam is visible but has been filed down. The body is decorated with three horizontal ribs on both sides. The socket at the rear is oval 37mm, long by 9mm wide and 4mm deep.



Length 40mm, width 49mm, thickness 18mm, weight 101g



2, fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe that consists of the blade and a small portion of the socket. The blades has a short curved working edge. The socket sits very close behind the blade and results in there only being 5mm of metal between the tip of the blade and the end of the socket. Although the remaining portion of the axe is heavily truncated the remaining section suggests it would have been a very narrow implement.



Length 27mm, width 32mm, thickness 13mm, weight 13.49g



3, fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axefrom the mid-section of the body. In cross-section that axe is rectangular with faceted sides of two faces. The body is decorated with three horizontal ribs on both sides.



Length 50mm, width 38mm, thickness 18mm, weight 67g



4, casting waste



Copper alloy teardrop shaped fragment of casting waste or a casting jet.



Length 20mm, width 17mm, thickness 15mm, weight 2.85g



5, Broken Late Bronze Age socketed axe that is 80% complete. This fragment is missing the lower half of the socket on one side. The blade has a low curved forward edge the tip of which is heavily corroded and suffering from bright green bronze disease. The sides of the blade curve inwards to the walls of the axe where a casting seam is visible, but which has been filed down. The body is decorated with three horizontal ribs on both sides which terminate just before the socket. The socket would originally have been rectangular, but approximately half of its length is now missing, the remaining portion has a semi-circular collar which is now heavily corroded. On one side of the axe is a projecting knop, this is the forward section of the truncated loop, the rear of the loop would have been on the missing element of the axe.



Length 57mm, width 33mm, thickness 26mm, weight 50.46mm,



Chronology: Socketed axes deposited in fragmentary, 'scrap' hoards are most common during the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age c. 950-800 BC BC (Needham 1996).



Discussion: The axe fragments are too fragmentary to be assigned to a typological grouping. They are, however, of a comparable date and the addition of a fragment of casting waste is consistent with a so-called 'scrap' or 'founders' hoards of the Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2015-08-04T23:00:00Z,2015-08-04T23:00:00Z,2015T663,,,,,,,4,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Orcop,SO4525,Generated from computer mapping software,51.92079244,-2.80113846,GLO-2AFBCD,,GLO2AFBCDFragment4.JPG,GLO-2AFBCD Bronze Age casting waste fragmemnt,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO2AFBCDFragment4.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/533852.jpg
742089,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,The blade and most of the body of a small copper-alloy chisel of Bronze Age date. The chisel presently measures 30mm and the blade is 20mm across. At the break the section is rectangular. The surfaces are worn and pitted.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.19,,,6.01,29.94,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Alton,SU7138,From a paper map,51.1368791,-0.98657453,SUR-2D5DAC,,151100.JPG,Bronze Age: Chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/151100.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/537846.jpg
742505,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of Middle Bronze Age (1500-1150 BC) palstave axehead, consisting of the butt end and the beginning of the flanges only. It measures 25.7mm in length and weighs 21.47g.

The break is worn but possibly not ancient. This is the widest part of the fragment and is a horizontally-elongated H in cross-section, measuring 28.0mm wide and 14.4mm thick. The sides of the axe are triangular in shape, narrowing to the butt end which is 2.4mm thick and 24.2mm wide, having a slightly curved end edge.

The patina is smooth and shiny and blue-green in colour. At the break bubbles (from the casting process) are visible and running longitudinally along the centre is a slight step, probably a join-mark. There are some signs of tooling to the outside edges of the flanges, which are 3.6-3.8mm thick at their widest.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-07-17T23:00:00Z,2015-07-17T23:00:00Z,,,21.47,,,14.4,25.7,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Goodworth Clatford,SU3541,Generated from computer mapping software,51.16717945,-1.50080082,HAMP-56EF0C,,HAMP56EF0C.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP56EF0C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/534144.jpg
743164,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date ( about 1000 - 800 BC). The object can be classified as fitting into the Ewart Park phase of metalwork. The object has been broken and just the tip, including the deepest part of the socket survives.



The object is sub-rectangular in plan with the cutting edge flaring outwards to form a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is almost complete but is very abraded. It measures 41mm in width, and is 1.4mm thick. At the incomplete socket end the object measures 34.8mm in width and is 12.1mm thick. The remaining socket is 2.5mm deep. The edges of the socket are broken irregularly.



Patches of a glossy dark brown patina remain on each face however the majority of the surface is pitted and abraded due to movement within the plough soil. Some small patches of light green corrosion are present.



Socketed axes are most common during the Ewart park phase of metal work which corresponds with metalworking phases X - XII, or Needham Periods 6-7, dating from about 1150-750 CAL BC. This would date the axe from about 1000 - 800 BC. However socketed axes were also known during the Wilburton phase of metalwork and due to the incompleteness of this example an earlier date cannot be ruled out.



The axe fragment is 25.7mm long and weighs 37.4g. Compare LVPL-EB99C8 and SWYOR-7C54E2 among other examples on the PAS database.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-07-05T23:00:00Z,2015-07-18T23:00:00Z,,,37.4,,,12.1,25.7,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Skipsea,TA1754,Generated from computer mapping software,53.96884398,-0.21787507,SWYOR-BECF02,,PAS_2639_BA.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2639_BA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/534583.jpg
743264,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1100,"Possible Bronze Age (c.1600 to 1100 BC) chisel: This incomplete copper-alloy object may be a probable chisel or possibly a palstave. Only the blade end of the object survives, and the cutting edge is 32.17mm wide and the sides then taper to 29.27mm wide at the break, where it is 12.46mm thick and a rounded sub-lozenge in cross-section. No evidence of the side flanges or stop ridge survive making the object hard to classify and date confidently. The faces of the artefact has a trace of a swollen rib. The surface of the artefact has traces of a dark green patina and is otherwise abraded. The patina is not heavy and there is no pitting on the surface. The patina also covers the break. The tool is 33.86mm long, 32.08mm wide and 12.25mm thick. 47.86g.



The artefact is very similar to SWYOR-2DED2C on this database. The narrowness of the blade and thickness at the break are perhaps more similar to chisels such as NMS-894E92, SF2649 and SOMDOR-7B3C43 on this database, but it have the horizontal sides of the more common chisel form, as seen on SF-09D1D5 and SUSS-D93644 on this database. However, small, narrow-bladed palstaves belonging to the Taunton phase (1400-1300 BC) of metalworking or possibly to the slightly earlier Acton Park II period, (c.1500-1400 BC); (both corresponding with Needham's period 5, 1500 - 1150 CAL BC) are also similar, especially in the rapid thickening from blade to break. It was perhaps similar to SOM-1DE687, HAMP-996311. Further arguments on either side are given in SOM-2B70A5, dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1600 - 1100 BC.



The patina is not typical of Bronze Age artefacts, and therefore there is a possibility that the item is of a later date. Another possible function is a vessel leg, but this is not a convincing identification based on the shape, surface condition and section.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-10-09T23:00:00Z,2015-04-12T23:00:00Z,,,47.86,,,12.25,33.86,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Alfrick,SO7452,From a paper map,52.16564945,-2.38154056,WAW-D02B82,,WAWD02B82.jpg,"Possible Bronze Age Chisel (plan, profile, reverse and two sections).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWD02B82.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/535618.jpg
743666,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,-700,A fragment of a Late Bronze Age or possibly Early Iron Age copper alloy socketed axe dating from c. 900-700BC. Part of the rim together with the loop survive. The axe has a prominent seam and the metal has a high tin content. The prominent seam and the incompletely finished loop both suggest that this axe was broken before it could be finished off and used.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23,,,,37.12,1,David W Williams,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Amesbury,SU1841,GPS (from the finder),51.16796372,-1.7439355,-SUR 144892.00,,151197.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/151197.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/539002.jpg
743817,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, dents in both faces and in the cutting edges. Opposed peg-holes in the socketed end. Length 114mm. Width 37mm. External diameter of socket 23mm. Weighs 86.65g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-07-13T23:00:00Z,2015-09-13T23:00:00Z,,,86.65,,23,,114,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7009,From finder,52.65208443,0.5116889,NMS-26E30A,,60890_26E30A_BA_Spear_final.jpg,Bronze Age Spear,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kgreenwood2/60890_26E30A_BA_Spear_final.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/599866.jpg
743827,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy side-looped spearhead, cracked and broken with much of the socket missing, with ancient breaks. The blade is of lozengiform section on either side of the socket, with a sharp arris defining the change of angle or chamfer for the cutting edge. The upper part of the outside face of one side-loop survives, and is pointed oval or lozengiform. The other side-loop is missing and there is a worn V-shaped break or notch. Extant length 116mm. Width 26.5mm. Extant thickness 14mm. Weight 45.43g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-07-13T23:00:00Z,2015-09-13T23:00:00Z,,,45.43,,,14,116,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7010,From finder,52.66106548,0.51220395,NMS-274D2E,,60890_274D2E_BA_Spear_final.jpg,Bronze Age Spear,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kgreenwood2/60890_274D2E_BA_Spear_final.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/599868.jpg
743834,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-900,"Fragment of copper alloy spearhead, socketed mid-section of blade, irregular break at both ends, upper and lower parts missing. It belongs to the Wilburton Phase, so relatively early in the Late Bronze Age, c.1000 - c.900 BC. Extant length 70mm. Extant width 48mm. Thickness 16.5mm. Weight 63.24g.","In 2019 a group of middle to late Bronze Age metalwork was found in the same area and reported under the Treasure Act 1996, Designation Order 2002 (NMS-B2247B, 2019T945). Although it is likely that this spearhead was part of the same hoard, it cannot  retrospectively qualify as Treasure under the order.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-07-13T23:00:00Z,2015-09-13T23:00:00Z,,,63.24,,,16.5,70,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Shouldham,TF6910,From finder,52.66137781,0.49743317,NMS-2786CD,,24373_2786CD_BA_Spear_final.jpg,Late Bronze Age Spear,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kgreenwood2/24373_2786CD_BA_Spear_final.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/599704.jpg
744139,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Description: 



(I am grateful to John Llywelyn Williams for the following description & discussion)



The find comprises two fragments of a copper alloy flat axe.



The larger blade fragment was initially thought to be all that survived. This fragment represents the lower half of the axe which has been severed from the butt end at a slight angle. The surface is of a generally uniform mid-brown colour with significant patches of green mottling signifying active corrosion. The fragment is slightly asymmetric in plan with one side gently concave and the other side continuing in a straighter line to the blade termination. The blade forms a shallow crescent with an abraded, irregular cutting edge, possibly from use in antiquity but accentuated by decay. Both points of the blade are missing and may have suffered from more recent damage. The surviving width of the blade is 85.4mm. The axe faces are both flat, producing a rounded rectangular body in section with a width at the break of 38.9mm and a maximum thickness of 16.3mm. One face of the axe fragment is pitted whilst the reverse face is smooth and exceptionally well preserved and may show evidence of the grinding and polishing undertaken to produce the completed object.



The second fragment was found several days after the discovery of the main blade fragment and was found some 4m away. It is a mid-green colour with dark grey surface mottling possibly representing soil staining. The two faces are fairly smooth but with noticeable scattered pitting. It is nearly rectangular in plan though the edges do converge slightly towards one end. The wide end is 38.91mm wide and the narrow is 29.62mm wide. The edges are rounded and again quite pitted, and they thin rapidly towards the narrower end of the fragment. The narrow end is quite thin (3.76mm) and is curled over at its extreme tip probably due to damage. The wide end is a broken edge and is very irregular. On one face the edge is fairly straight but on the other face it intrudes into the fragment body suggesting a significant wedge of metal is now missing. The corrosion on the break surface is quite powdery suggesting recent active decay.



Discussion:



The axe fragments probably belong to a single 'Migdale' type axe. The close correspondence of the measurements of width and thickness at the break, and the fairly regular, contiguous shape in plan formed by the two fragments would seem to support this.



Early Bronze Age flat axes of type 'Migdale' (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-44)1 belong to 'Metalworking Assemblage III', corresponding to Needham's (1996)2 Period 2 -3 and probably dating to c. 2,200 - 1,900BC (though the typology of axes is currently under review). The Coed Bolyn axe is the first Migdale example from Gwynedd, if not from the whole of the area north of the Dee - Wynion river divide with the exception of the two Anglesey axes from Talwrn and the unprovenanced example possibly from  Llangaffo.



The most significant feature of the axe is its large size. The average length of the 24 complete Migdale type axes from Wales is 14.2cm with a blade width of 8.1cm (21 axes). In the Welsh corpus the only axe of comparable size is the complete example in the Oxwich hoard from the Gower peninsula (Swansea) with a length of 18cm, and a blade width of 13.3cm.



A second significant feature is the break that has divided the axe approximately in half. On the blade fragment, the break is clean and straight although it has produced a weak discontinuous peripheral lip on one side with a small projecting tail at the terminal end. This would suggest that the object has been bent, and snapped under pressure to leave the slight accretion on the lower side.



This 'clean' sharp break may also indicate deliberate breakage. Clean breaks of this type have been reproduced under experimental conditions. A bronze axe placed in a bonfire and heated to approximately 900ºC may be snapped if beaten while red hot over a projecting ledge to produce the slight underside lipping described above (David Chapman, Ancient Arts Ltd. pers. comm.).



Axes may be broken up in antiquity as part of a recycling programme. However this axe does not appear to have been crudely smashed.There is growing evidence that axes and axe fragments were buried in significant and deliberately chosen locations near to water courses, springs, bogs or in areas associated with other prehistoric activity.



However the break on the butt fragment of this axe is of a completely different character. The edge on one face is fairly straight and regular but the edge on the other face has a large wedge of material missing; torn or broken away. The regular edge is a fair match for the break on the main blade fragment, but the other edge does not match at all and there is no matching lip. This suggests that either the original breakage was not as clean and precise as at first thought, or that the butt fragment has been subjected to later secondary damage. As the two fragments were found approximately 4m apart, it is likely that they have been disturbed at some time, possibly by ploughing, and it may be that the butt break was further modified at this point.



1 Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



2 Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



3 Davis, Mary, 2016; National Museum Wales - SEM EDS analysis of a sample of the EBA flat axe: PAS 2015-29-002 & 005",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,518.3,,,16.37,178.78,1,Roland Flook,Roland Flook,Wales,Gwynedd,Gwynedd,Llanddeiniolen,SH5365,Generated from computer mapping software,53.1617716,-4.20019022,GAT-3DE440,,PAS2015_29_002022bc.jpg,Bronze Age Flat Axe (side A),Gwynedd Archaeological Trust ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rflook/PAS2015_29_002022bc.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/553067.jpg
744191,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
A Late Bronze Age copper-alloy posible side-looped spear head fragment. The fragment has a very pronounced midrib and there are fine striations on both sides. There is no socket present.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.64,,,6.6,39.84,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,,,,,,,,,SUR-3F34BC,,151225.JPG,Bronze Age: Spearhead,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/151225.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/542872.jpg
744292,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment from a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead dating to c 1000-800 BC. The fragment comprises a section of the rim of the axe. The rim is flat and narrows towards the body of the axe. There is a slightly angled rim which suggests this may be a fragment from the corner of the axe socket. The patina is dark brown with beige clay coloured marks. At the break, the patina is dark green with patches of bright green.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.93,,,11.28,31.27,1,Alyson Tanner,Alyson Tanner,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Charlton,SU1156,Centred on parish,51.30301737,-1.84359647,WILT-4FB63B,,WILT4FB63B.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT4FB63B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/535560.jpg
744421,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead. Extant length 23.2mm. Weight 13.91g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-04T23:00:00Z,2015-09-04T23:00:00Z,,,13.91,,,,23.2,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Huntingdonshire,Brington and Molesworth,TL0776,GPS (from the finder),52.37160617,-0.42975558,NMS-53FF39,,Cambridgeshire_53FF39_BA_SocketedAxehead_final.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kgreenwood2/Cambridgeshire_53FF39_BA_SocketedAxehead_final.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/599869.jpg
744456,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-700,"A copper alloy socketed and fluted chisel of Late Bronze date (1000BC- 701BC). The chisel is roughly wedge shaped, tapering to a hammered point from a wide circular rim at the socket end. The socket itself is roughly square shapedand appears to have iron oxide within in the socket. The entirety of the object is a rough dark brown with patches of light brown corrosion and the occasional hint of light coppery metal. Oxidisaiton would suggest iron but some parts of the object have the green tinge of copper corrosion under the brown oxidisaiton.



With an overall length of 140.72mm and weighing 280g. The tip it is 13.22mm wide and 3.14mm thick, the circular collar has a diameter of 29.74mm and is 5.92mm thick.The rectangular recess is 42.32mm deep, the rectangle is orientated with the corners to the flat planes of the outer shaft.","This object is similar to known bronze age socketed chisels such as those illustrated by Pearce (1983 563, Plate 2, No.12 and 585, Plate 24, No.191), as well as examples on the PAS database at LON-80850F and CORN-42EF37.



The iron oxidisation around the socket is likely the result of depositional circumstances.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,280,,29.74,3.14,140.72,1,Mags Erwin,Mags Erwin,South East,Kent,Ashford,Brabourne,TR1041,GPS (from the finder),51.12976362,0.99995138,KENT-62F309,,KENT62F309.jpg,Late Bronze Age pick,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT62F309.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/535776.jpg
744472,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"A copper alloy palstave fragment of Middle Bronze Age date (c.1600-1000 BC). The fragment is broadly rectangular in plan. The butt end, part of the flanges, part of the blade and the cutting edge are missing due to old breaks. The flanges taper to form a worn U-shaped septum. It exhibits a worn stop-ridge approximately halfway along its length. The blade expands out slightly along its length before terminating in a worn break approximately mid-way along the length of the blade. In profile the palstave is lentoid, with the widest section at the stop-ridge. It exhibits traces of a vertical casting seam along one side, however, due to the worn condition, it is not possible to state the full extent of the casting seams or any decoration.There is a green and brown patina on the surface.



The palstave measures 57mm in length, 27.8mm in width, 20.4mm in thickness and weighs 103.92g.","
This record is from a finds day and therefore may not be to usual PAS standard.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,,,,,103.92,,,20.4,57,1,Laura Burnett,Denise Wilding,South West,Somerset,West Somerset,Minehead,SS9746,From finder,51.20389432,-3.47571652,SOM-63A448,,IMG_0301.JPG,Bronze Age Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/denisewilding1/IMG_0301.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/535655.jpg
744857,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A cast copper alloy socketed side-looped spearhead found in two pieces, dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 BC - 1250 BC. The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with a sub-oval / leaf-shaped blade, hollow socket and cast side loops; Davis Group 6, 'developed side looped'.The spear head has broken, fairy recently, across the lower part of the blade. The two pieces were found about 6 metres apart. The tip piece is 57.2mm long, 19.9mm wide and 9.6mm thick. The socket piece is 74.2mm long, 23.1mm wide and 17.7mm thick.



The blade measures about 75mm in length, 23.1mm in width and the tip of the blade is 2.6mm thick. The overall shape of the blade can be described as being leaf-shaped. It has straight sides at the point end, with a rounded base near the socket. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering (tip to base) lozenge shaped midrib. This midrib expands into the socket of the spear.



The base of the socket is 17.7mm in diameter. The internal socked measures 63.9mm deep. The two loops are positioned 14.5mm below the base of the blade. The loops measure 14mm in length and are 4.1mm wide. The loops are fairly flat in cross-section.



The object has a smooth dark brown to olive green patina which is pitted in places. Some of the blade edge is damaged. The break between the two pieces is less patinated than the rest of the object, but it is not an immediately recent break.



LVPL-893C73 is a similar example (among others on the PAS database) and the record notes that ""Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, dating from about 1500-1150BC."" Davis (2017), however, suggests that 'spearheads from the earlier MBA [Middle Bronze Age] were those with sockets extending into the blade, and with loops on the side of the socket'. He dates these 'to the Acton Park and Taunton phases, 1550-1250 BC', consequently this example has been dated similarly.



Over all, the spear head is 128.2mm long, 23.1 and 17.7mm thick. 57.6g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-05-29T23:00:00Z,2015-05-29T23:00:00Z,,,57.6,,,17.7,128.2,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Brearton,SE3159,From finder,54.02607009,-1.52828268,SWYOR-A609BB,,PAS_2626_spear.jpg,Bronze Age side looped spearhead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2626_spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536305.jpg
744911,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1050,"A fragment of copper alloy probably Middle Bronze Age (1500-1050 BC) socketed spearhead, consisting of the tip of the blade only.





The blade has a pronounced mid-rib, 10.99mm in diameter at its wider end/ break and narrowing to 4.26mm in diameter at the point. The blade also narrows in its width, disappearing into the point at its tip but there is damage to the blade on both sides near the tip and it is not clear what the original shape was. It is circular in profile. Near the tip the blade is 2.30mm thick and at the break it is 3.45mm thick.





At the break, there is possibly a trace of the end of the socket, off-centre within the mid-rib and c 2mm in diameter.





The patina is grey-green in colour. The fragment measures 46.52mm in length, 15.38mm in width at its widest, midway along its length, but the blade is damaged here and this would not have been its original width at this point, 12.30mm in max.thickness at the break , and weighs 18.74g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.74,,,12.3,46.52,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Edington,ST9454,Centred on parish,51.28510506,-2.08741725,WILT-B83B8F,,WILTB83B8Fb.jpg,Bronze Age spear,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTB83B8Fb.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536085.jpg
744915,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy Late Bronze Age ingot, 1000-800 BC. It is plano convex in shape with the surfaces of the ingot rough and uneven. The ingot has sections that are covered in a light green patina.



Other examples of Late Bronze Age plano convex ingots can be found on the database SUR-680E49, SUR-9A2783, KENT-585CA7.



It is 225 grams. 54mm in length","
Record created by the images and information supplied by finder. Artefact/coin not seen by FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,225,,,,54,1,Mike Cuddeford,Katie Bishop,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Great Dunmow,TL6223,From finder,51.88202991,0.35227697,ESS-B857B6,,019A0051.jpg,"ESS-B857B6: Copper alloy Late Bronze Age ingot, BC1000-800",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kabishop/019A0051.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536012.jpg
744924,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"A fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave (c 1600 BC - c 1001 BC). This blade fragment is rectangular in cross section with convex sides. From the old transverse break at the top, the sides flare evenly to the cutting edge which is evenly curved in plan. No casting seams or decoration are present. This palstave has a green patina.. Length of remains of blade: 43.68mm; width at widest point near cutting edge 26.58: width at broken end 18.90mm; thickness at broken end 8.75mm narrowing to thickness at cutting edge of 2.65mm. Weight: 37.31g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,37.31,,,,43.68,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Frampton,SY6396,Centred on parish,50.76240318,-2.52597106,WILT-B88605,,WILTB88605.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTB88605.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536093.jpg
744975,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Mid to Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead fragment, 75mm long, 21mm wide, 9mm thick and weighing 20.37grams.



The object is triangular in form and an oval in cross section. It represents the damaged tip of a spear head. It has a narrow central rib which has a circular cross section and tapers towards the point. The blades which are damaged, run down to a bevelled edge and taper in width towards the point.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2015-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,20.37,,,9,75,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Loughborough Garendon,SK5019,From a paper map,52.76629216,-1.26041005,LEIC-B96481,,LEICB96481.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEICB96481.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536135.jpg
745015,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper-alloy rapier, dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age.



The flat-sectioned butt is sub-trapezoidal in plan, the thickness gradually declining towards a scallop-shaped upper end. Two C-shaped notches, located below this upper portion, mark the points at which the now-missing handle plates would have been attached. The widest point is at the shoulders, beneath which the concave sides angle inwards, smoothly extending into the parallel-sided blade. This blade is of lozenge-shaped cross section and has been broken in antiquity. The piece has a mid to dark brown surface patina (slightly pitted in places) which suggests deposition within a damp environment.



Length: 81.8mm; width: 31.7mm; thickness: 4.4mm. Weight: 34.01g.



This rapier forms part of a dispersed group of Middle to Late Bronze Age metalwork found to the north of Faringdon and concentrated on the northern side of the River Thames. Close parallels include a complete (albeit broken) rapier (GLO-036A39) and pieces of two further such implements (SUR-A18104/Treasure case 2015 T331). All of these rapiers are of similar form, being of Burgess and Gerloff's Group IV (1981) and dating to the period c. 1500-c. 1150 BC. Other similarly dated implements from the area include razors (see SUR-D8D06E and LEIC-081BB1), a disc-headed pin (SUR-1EFCC6), a socketed axe (WILT-A30E3C), socketed spearheads (WILT-1F3709, BERK-2CF486, BERK-2D0061, BERK-4D4F74) and a palstave (BERK-CD4525).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-10-03T23:00:00Z,,,,34.01,,,4.4,81.8,1,Julian Watters,Julian Watters,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Clanfield,SP2901,Generated from computer mapping software,51.70699339,-1.58171638,BH-BA9557,,BA_rapier_15_145_2.jpg,Bronze Age rapier (incomplete),St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/BA_rapier_15_145_2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536206.jpg
745128,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"A Bronze Age chisel fragment measuring 33.35mm in length and 45.6mm wide. The chisel is incomplete only the blade survives. The blade thins from 4.9mm thick to 1.5mm thick at the cutting edge, the break at the top of the blade is broadly oval in cross section. The blade expands from the break towards the cutting edge. The chisel weighs 26.15 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,4.9,33.35,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Frampton,SY6396,From finder,50.76240318,-2.52597106,WILT-BCBB58,,WILTBCBB58.jpg,Bronze Age chisel,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTBCBB58.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536335.jpg
745226,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-650,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed gouge of late Bronze Age date. The remaining portion is a length of the hollow socket with a tapered U-shaped blade terminal to one end. The opposite end terminates in a worn break.



The socket is circular with an exterior diameter of 15.6mm, interior diameter of 12.1mm and is 20.7mm deep. From the socket the blade tapers to a rounded cutting/gouging edge which is concave to one side of the body. The gouging edge is extremely worn.



Peter Reavill, Finds Liaison Officer for Herefordshire & Shropshire, states that this gouge is of Wilberton, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking, phases which correspond to Needham's (1996) Period's 6 - 8.



The metal has a dark greenish-brown patina and is worn. The gouge is 49.6mm long, 15.6mm in diameter at the socket, 13.4mm x 7.1mm at the cutting edge and the walls are 1.9mm thick. The object weighs 23.5g.



Comparable socketed gouges have been recorded on the PAS database. For examples see: SWYOR-FCB525, NMGW-62C84F, DUR-06F0E8, IOW-EC25A7 and SUR-7898C5. The latter record notes that: ""Socketed gouges have been found associated with metalwork assemblages of Wilberton (eg. Guilsfield, Savory, 1980, No. 268. 64-65) through Ewart Park (eg Penwyllt, Savory 1980, No 284. 7-8) and Llyn Fawr (Savory 1980, No 291 9-11). Savory (ibid., p 55) suggests that the earliest examples have multiple mouth mouldings, while later examples have a plain or broad, flat collar. It is difficult to suggest a date for this example with a prominent single, slender moulding. According to Pearce in the 1983 publication 'The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain Part I', page 43, socketed gouges 'appear to have begun in the Wilburton phase, and continued as part of the tool repertoire until the end of the Bronze Age', although she suggests that most socketed gouges can be dated to the Ewart phase between c. 1000 - c. 800 BC. Needham et al's (1997) recent study of Bronze Age chronology dated a collared socketed gouge from the Bodwrog Hoard, Anglesey to 2720 +- 45 BP (DoB No 3, OxA-4652, p68).""",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.5,,15.5,1.9,49.6,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Cawton,SE6476,GPS (from the finder),54.17580544,-1.02101455,YORYM-CD7FFB,,BL1294.jpg,Bronze Age : Gouge,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/BL1294.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/537257.jpg
745700,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Cast copper alloy MIddle Bronze Age early short-flanged axehead, developing from a flat axe to a palstave with low side flanges and only a slight stop ridge. The side flanges are leaf-shaped in profile and damaged but their highest point is in line with the slight stop ridge which runs across the width of the axehead above the 'septum' or recessed area between the flanges. This ridge would have stopped the wooden haft from shifting on to the septum and the side flanges would have stopped any sideways movement and would help to bind the haft to the axehead. The undecorated septum is slightly lower than the blade. The blade is short, only 35 mm long from the faint stop, but would have originally been more crescentic and has since worn away during use and is now only slightly flanged. The surface of the axehead is quite worn and pitted but there is no active bronze disease.



Needham (1979) illustrates similar small axes from Teignmouth in Devon and Gerrans in Cornwall on pages 273-4,  figs.6-7, no.4 which are part of the Arreton repertoire from the early Middle Bronze Age, c.1700-1500 BC.



Moore and Rowlands (1972) illustrate a similar flanged axe with low side flanges, no stop ridge and a short blade on page 52, pl.VI, no.10, which is dated from the Arreton phase in the early Middle Bronze Age, c.1700-1500 BC.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar examples of haft-flanged axeheads from St Columb, Ladock and Veryan parishes on pages 564, 570 & 580, Plates 3, 9 & 19, nos.31, 78 & 147a, which are dated from the early Middle Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-12T23:00:00Z,2015-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,149.2,,,17,81.5,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Egloshayle,SW9874,GPS (from the finder),50.53081694,-4.85159184,CORN-F6BDEC,,Oct15finds073.JPG,haft-flanged axehead,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Oct15finds073.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536837.jpg
746068,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy 'Sussex Loop' bracelet of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1400-1250 BC. The fragment consists of one-half of one of the double loop strands, which is lozenge-shaped in cross-section and terminates in the flattened sub-oval terminal hook, which would have fitted the arm band to the other looped element of the bracelet. The apex of the lozenge cross-section has been decorated with small incised lines, positioned slightly obliquely across the apex. The terminal end has been further decorated with two other raised ridges flanking the central apex mentioned above and one of these also bears the traces of small incised oblique lines, whereas the other ridge is too worn to discern this decoration. The entire fragment has an overall dark green patina and colour and the break across the centre of the arm band is flat and distinct, similar to the cuts in 'Sussex Loop' bracelets found in Middle Bronze Age hoards from Sussex (cf. Treasure case 2011 T192, the 'Near Lewes' Middle Bronze Age hoard). The fragment measures 86.47 mm long, 45.1 mm wide, 10.16 mm thick and weighs 69.28 grams.



Discussion: 'Sussex Loop' bracelets have been attributed this title because nearly all known examples originate from the Brighton-Lewes East Sussex area. Recently, a further two Sussex Loop bracelets were discovered in Surrey and given the Treasure number: 2013T316. These examples were the furthest discovery point away from the original examples and potentially the only non-Sussex examples known and were designated finds of significance for this reason. This example, having been discovered in West Sussex is another example of a non-Brighton-Lewes area bracelet and as such, begins to raise issues with this type of bracelet being designated as only coming from this locality. However, because of the reasonable radius of the new discoveries from the original ones, it is still possible that these could be items of local manufacture and circulation.","
This fragment was subjected to XRF metallurgical analysis by Dr. Jaime Kaminski at the University of Brighton. Dr. Kaminski confirms that the alloy used here is similar in composition to others of this type and as such, should be stylistically and compositionally acceptable for identification as a 'Sussex Loop' fragment in spite of missing other diagnostic elements to old damage.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-02-04T00:00:00Z,,,,69.28,,,10.16,86.47,1,Stephanie Smith,Stephanie Smith,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Upper Beeding,TQ2211,GPS (from the finder),50.88561713,-0.26698347,SUSS-103D66,,SUSS103D66.jpg,Fragment of Middle Bronze Age Sussex Loop Bracelet,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS103D66.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/536908.jpg
746161,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,The blade and tang from a copper-alloy possible Bronze Age knife. The tang is blunt and its maximum width is13.19mm.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,,8.92,,,2.73,51.25,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Clanfield,SP3000,From a paper map,51.69795012,-1.56733069,SUR-38BFA5,,DSCF0341.JPG,Bronze Age: Knife,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF0341.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/543479.jpg
746343,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A copper-alloy casting jet of probable Mid to Late Bronze Age date 1600-800BC. The lower part of the object consists of an inverted-sub-conical plug. The upper end of this plug bifurcates into 3 circular-sectioned arms, each with a vertical, flat outer face.



Casting jets are waste products which form at the top of a two-piece clay mould when the molten metal has filled the object-shaped void below. As they represent re-usable metal, they were often retained and regularly turn up in founder's hoards of the period. Given the jets size it is unlikely to be from brooch production and is more likely to relate to a large object such as an axe, dagger or sword. Similar to BH-8BDE6E, BH-4D6780 and ESS-39BA43



The length is 29mm, the width is 26mm, thickness 17mm and the weight 25.93g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-10-05T23:00:00Z,,,,25.93,,,17,29,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Harmston,TF1443,Centred on parish,52.97224312,-0.30382444,LANCUM-4EBF17,,LANCUM4EBF17.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM4EBF17.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/537017.jpg
746362,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"An incomplete decorated flat axe of the Early Bronze Age, dating from c. 2000 BC - 1700 BC. This fits with Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II / III), of metalworking stage IV-VI, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2-3 circa 2250 - 1900 CAL. BC.



The flat axe is broadly sub-rectangular in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid(pointed oval), with slight tapering edges. In cross section the axe is lentoid. The axe is broken toward the butt of the axe, but more than three-quarters of the axe survives. The break is relatively jagged and uneven; however it has a similar patina to that of the rest of the axe - suggesting damage in antiquity. The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the broken edge to the blade. The edges of the axe have not been raised to form flanges; however a slight median bevel (proto stop ridge) is present on both faces of the axe. This has been formed from hammering and small oval shaped (dished) scars can be seen on both faces where the metal has been worked to form them. The ridge itself is not especially prominent, just forming a change of angle between the face of the butt and the face of the blade. Below the bevel (change of angle) the sides continue to expand. The area from the edge of the butt to the junction with the blade facet is decorated on both faces of the axe. The decoration is formed from a series of parallel linear lentoid lozenges. This form of decoration is known as rain-pattern and is common on the later decorated examples of the Migdale tradition. The decoration is best observed under a raking light. It stops at the blade facet. The side edge of the axe have been abraded heavily and it is difficult to tell whether there is any further decoration. Beneath the rain pattern decoration the sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through abrasion, as has the blade edge itself. A distinct blade facet is present. There are a series of striations (incised lines / file marks) running across the width of the axe. These are likely to be a result of sharpening the cutting edge.



The axe measures 98.1 mm in length, it is 30.4 mm wide at the butt and the blade is 78.6 mm wide. The butt has a thickness of 9.2 mm, the blade is 5.7 mm thick, and at the median ridge the axe is 11.3 mm thick. It weighs 210.8 g.



The axe is a mid green in colour with a highly polished patina, which has been damaged in areas. Where this had occurred it is probably as a direct result of movement in the plough soil. This abrasion is most evident on the reverse of the axe. There are, however, a series of large scars which have removed areas of decoration. Where this damage has occurred a light grey green powdery corrosion is evident. On the front surface of the axe to the right and towards the blade is an area of unusual blue/green corrosion. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil has resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. Some of this abrasion is modern and has cut through the patina and corrosion revealing the dull gold colour of the meatl beneath. The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Migdale tradition (specifically the decorated variant) dated: 2250-1900 CAL. BC / end of EBA II - III. This axehead forms part of the corpus of earliest bronze axes of Britain. They are dated to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae. Other examples of this type of axehead have been recorded in Rhon and Needham (1998), page 125, No 57, and have been recorded on the database, including HESH-299826 and SWYOR-F748BE.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,210.8,,,11.3,98.1,1,Helen Glenn (Derby),Helen Glenn (Derby),East Midlands,Derbyshire,High Peak,Wormhill,SK1274,From finder,53.26286536,-1.82156013,DENO-4F12EB,,DENO4F12EB_2.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Migdale Type Decorated Axe head,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/helenglenn3/DENO4F12EB_2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/541940.jpg
746447,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed chisel (or perhaps a gouge), missing its blade. The internal opening measures 12.88mm in diameter; the external diameter measures 17.66mm. The chisel has a flaring collar with a groove below the rim and is bent in profile. The socket continued beyond the break.",Cf. GLO-3435C7 and WMID-E1B777,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.42,,17.66,2.67,63.04,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Highmoor,SU7084,GPS (from the finder),51.55055697,-0.99183399,SUR-519C20,,B15951.JPG,Bronze Age: Chisel,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B15951.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/539312.jpg
746537,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1501,Fragment of an Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axe with an ancient break before the expansion to the cutting edge which was badly damaged in antiquity and has received a little recent scuffing. Extant length 35.5mm. Width 50.5mm. Thickness 7.3mm. Weight 58.18g. c.2000 - c.1500 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-07-15T23:00:00Z,2015-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,58.18,,,7.3,35.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wacton,TM1790,Centred on field,52.46479612,1.1930253,NMS-60B45B,,24955_60B45B_EBA_FlatAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of an Early Bronze Age flat axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/24955_60B45B_EBA_FlatAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154894.jpg
747000,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-850,"A copper-alloy object of Bronze Age date: probably a small tanged knife dating from the Late Bronze Age (c. 1000-850 BC).  The object now has a sub-trapezoidal form, being rounded at the blade tip, and tapering gradually towards it.  At the attachment end the object becomes waisted and narrowed, indicative of a tanged handle.  However, all of the sides of the artefact are abraded, with a number of significant notched removals.  In cross-section the object is the shape of a very flat pointed oval.  The surface is pitted on both surfaces.



The object measures 60.4 by 20.1 by 2.6mm and weighs 11.28g



Tanged knives date to the Wilburton phase (LBA2), reaching into Early Ewart Park (LBA3) : c.1000-850 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-29T23:00:00Z,2015-03-29T23:00:00Z,,,11.28,,,2.6,60.4,1,Rob Webley,Rob Webley,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Croughton,SP5433,Centred on field,51.99283217,-1.21496059,PAS-8B52C6,,PAS8B52C6knife.JPG,Middle Bronze Age knife,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley2/PAS8B52C6knife.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/552225.jpg
747950,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,A fragment of the tip of a cast copper alloy Middle or Late Bronze Age spearhead (1500-800 BC). The fragment is broadly triangular in plan and lozenge-shape in cross section. The spear point has bevelled edges and is in good condition with a dark browny-orange patina.,,4,Copper alloy,Copper alloy,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-21T23:00:00Z,,,,8.5,,,4.7,34,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Dinton-with-Ford and Upton,,,,,BERK-F8E298,,2015238.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Spear tip,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2015238.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/539404.jpg
748148,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Incomplete copper alloy socketed spear head, dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500 BC-1150 BC). It has a sub triangular shape with the remains of a blade. The tip of the blade and the bottom of the socket are missing. At the bottom, just above the break on either side are two nodules, possibly the remains of a set of casting loops. The edges of the blade are worn, with a green patina developing in places, especially along the broken edges of the tip and socket.



Similar style spearheads are recorded on the database, DENO-3B0107, WILT-B83B8F. Similar looped spearheads have been dated by Margaret Ehrenberg to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions (c. 1500 - 1150BC).



The spearhead weighs 12.39 grams, 42.71mm length, 11.18mm width at its widest, midway up the length, 1.46mm thickness at broken socketed end.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.39,,,1.46,42.71,1,Katie Bishop,Katie Bishop,Eastern,Suffolk,Mid Suffolk,Wyverstone,TM0266,Centred on field,52.25507238,0.95810848,ESS-0DF35D,,ESS0DF35DMBAspear.jpg,"Incomplete copper alloy socketed spear head, dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500 BC-1150 BC).",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESS0DF35DMBAspear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/539313.jpg
748515,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Primary / Early Bronze Age copper-alloy Group II palstave (1500-1300 BC): The blade of the palstave is sub-trapezoidal in plan with slightly concave sides, and flared blade tips. On one face of the blade there is a feint single mid rib which appears to continue to the mid section of the blade. The other face, where they may have been a mid rib, there is an off-centre low-relief score mark or damage, but this is not recent. The edge bevel to the blade is 16.58mm deep. The cutting edge appears to be symmetrical. The sides of the blade are concave in plan, and this curvature stops at the junction of the blade and flange side. The edges of the blade, on both faces, are slightly raised with flanges running down the flaring blade. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. Both sides of the blade have a feint trace of a casting seam.



The palstave, on both faces, has a prominent stop-ridge which is rectangular in plan. Before the stop ridge, on one face, there is a small, shallow depression which is probably not a shield-shaped/pattern decoration. The flange sides are a sub oval in profile with casting seams.



In plan the septrum is rectangular and the butt has a broken corner, and this is not a recent break. The patina of the break appears to match the surface of the palstave. On one face of the septrum there is a small patch of active corrosion which is in a slight depression, and appears to reveal a void beneath this patch of corrosion.



The two faces of the palstave have differing corrosion products occurring, one side has a dark brown patina with some encrustation. The other face has a mottled grey and green matte surface. On one side face there is fresh metal visible due to recent damage.



The palstave measures 153mm long from the blade cutting edge to the butt, 70.36mm wide from one blade tip to the other, and 28.48mm thick across the stop ridges. It weighs 402g.



The palstave is an early/primary example and is classified as a Group II type, probably associated with the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages. Needham Period 5, Burgess Metal Working Stage VIII and IX. These group of palstaves date to the Middle Bronze Age period, and can be narrowed down to 1500-1300 BC



Peter Reavill comments '... Looking at Burgess and Schmidt - we could probably suggest, using their typology, that this is a Early Palstave Group II - Early Mid-ribbed Type Liswerry. Being similar to an example from Whinfell, Cumbria (p127 cat no 794 plate 58) and Roundhay, West Riding, Yorkshire (ibid: 794a) In the discussion they say that Liswerry implements have elegant narrow form similar to the earlier flanged axes - they tend to have narrow bodies blade sides that diverge little from the butt and then flare to form widely expanded blade with deeply curved cutting edge and defined blade tips. Further they have flange extensions that descend well down the blade conjoining with a well-defined chamfered cutting edge - and the mid-rib is also long. (ibid 126)'.



Regarding the nature of the surface condition of the palstave, this may be reflecting deposition conditions. Peter Reavill suggests that the iron stained patina may have occurred if deposited in a waterlogged area, or at least had been recovered from an archaeological strata at the junction between the plough and undisturbed sub-soil where an iron pan was formed.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-07-15T23:00:00Z,2015-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,1,Peter Reavill,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Clifton upon Dunsmore,SP5276,From finder,52.37957621,-1.23750407,WAW-245FB6,,WAW245FB6.jpg,"Bronze Age Palstave (profile, plan, profile, blade terminal, plan, butt terminal).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW245FB6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/538607.jpg
749058,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1501,"Early Bronze Age flat axehead in quite fresh condition with a few small patches of scuffing both ancient and recent. The cutting edge is almost undamaged. Length 142mm. Width before the butt end 41.5mm, at the cutting edge 80.3mm. Thickness 12.5mm. Weight 564g. c.2350 - c.1500 BC",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-14T23:00:00Z,2015-10-11T23:00:00Z,,,564,,,12.5,142,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7010,Generated from computer mapping software,52.66106548,0.51220395,NMS-7AA906,,58498_7AA906_EBA_FlatAxehead.jpg,Bronze Age axe head,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/58498_7AA906_EBA_FlatAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/574658.jpg
749072,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy flat axehead, sub-rectangular in plan and section and triangular in profile, with a rounded end and broken edge where it is missing its blade and more than half of the axe so that just the butt end remains. This end, opposite the blade end, would have been hafted to a wooden handle. The fragment tapers slightly towards the butt end which is rounded off and widens towards the broken edge which has been partly chiselled off, but has since softened through corrosion and wear. The axehead would have continued to expand into a triangular flat blade which is now missing. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on the surface of the axe, but the original surface has corroded away and is now very pitted, so that preservation is poor. There are many circular depressions on the surface that have been caused by blisters forming as the axehead has corroded and then breaking down and powdering away.





The length is 50 mm, the width of broken edge is 32 mm and the width of the butt end is 26.5 mm, the thickness of the broken end is 8 mm and the thickness of the butt end is 5 mm.



Similar slender flat axes with straight-sided butt ends can be seen in records CORN-6C605C, DENO-93FB17, SUR-E3F467, LANCUM-6507C2, and SOMDOR-C71623 on the database.



Even though it is incomplete, the remains of this flat axe compares well to other examples from the Migdale tradition of the early Bronze Age, dating from c.2200-2000BC.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar examples of slender Migdale type flat axes from Tregonjeeves Quarry in Cornwall and Salcombe in Devon, on pages 400 & 453, plates 1 & 38, nos.6 & 289, and a similar fragment of a flat axe that has been chiselled at one end from Penzance, Cornwall on page 423, pl. 15, no.123, which are associated with the Migdale metalworking tradition of the Early Bronze Age, c.2200-2000 BC.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate the latest slender Migdale type of flat axes to be recorded in the South West from Braddock Downs in Cornwall, Bishop's Tawrton in Devon and Burton in Dorset on page 87, pl.14, nos.36, 111 & 213.



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 (c.2350-2050 cal BC). This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp.121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. pp.46-47.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-01T23:00:00Z,2015-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,57.22,,,8,50,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Erth,SW5433,GPS (from the finder),50.14591926,-5.44458484,CORN-7E0A41,,Nov15finds002.JPG,axehead butt end (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Nov15finds002.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/539485.jpg
749430,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,410,"A copper alloy possible horse harness ring of Bronze Age to Roman date (c. 1000 BC - AD 410). The ring measures 21.58mm in diameter (internal diameter 15.12mm), is 3.62mm thick and weighs 3.01 grams. It is circular in shape with a circular cross section, and has a green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.01,,21.58,3.62,,1,Luke Fletcher,Luke Fletcher,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chilmark,ST9734,,51.10529073,-2.04422726,WILT-9E8BAD,,WILT9E8BAD.jpg,Bronze Age to Roman ring,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT9E8BAD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/551851.jpg
749563,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,Copper alloy socketed axe blade fragment consisting of only the forward edge of the axe. The sides of the axe expand in to a large curved blade. The tip of the socket are just about visible in the break. Date late Bronze Age 1100BC-800BC,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2012-05-31T23:00:00Z,2015-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,60.19,,,11,28,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Gloucester,Westgate,SO8117,From finder,51.85126617,-2.27724781,GLO-A1A0BC,,GLOA1A0BC.JPG,GLO-A1A0BC Bronze Age Socketed Axe fragment,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOA1A0BC.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/539292.jpg
750528,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1001,"A complete cast copper alloy double-ended chisel or early flat-axe dating to the Early or Middle Bronze Age. The object is a thin, tapering flat bar of copper alloy, rectangular in cross section without bevelled edges. At its widest the bar measures 16.5mm wide reducing to 10mm at the opposite end. The widest end has a flared axe-like blade extending to 26.2mm wide with a slight bevel from the bar into the blade on both surfaces. The opposing end of the object, where the bar is narrowest, also has a small flared-edge axe-like blade terminal, bevelled on one side only. This blade measures 13.8mm wide. There is a slight bend about a quarter of the length down the bar behind the largest bladed end. It appears that both ends of this object were designed to be used, probably within the hand without being mounted or hafted into a handle or the like.



Similar objects are illustrated in Evans (1881:166), including an object described as a chisel from Plymstock in Devon (figure 190) which is the same length as this example from Southmoor. For comparison a similar, but not exact, object recorded on this database as an early flat axe is LEIC-3F1A93.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-15T23:00:00Z,,,,29.7,,,3.5,104.6,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,GPS (from the finder),51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-1C2022,,2015257.jpg,Bronze Age axe: Undeveloped flat axe or chisel,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2015257.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/539845.jpg
750612,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A copper-alloy awl, probably dating from the Late Bronze Age



The widest point of the artefact is approximately halfway along, either side of which it tapers. One side has a rectangular cross section and extends to a wedge-shaped terminal; the other side is of circular cross section and terminates in a sharp, curved point.



Length: 42.4mm; maximum width: 4.6mm. Weight: 3.45g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2009-10-17T23:00:00Z,,,,3.45,,,,42.4,1,Julian Watters,Julian Watters,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,High Wych,TL4716,From finder,51.82329007,0.13154037,BH-1E9204,,BA_awl_15_72_182.jpg,Bronze Age awl,St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/BA_awl_15_72_182.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/539902.jpg
751127,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-10000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date. The fragment is the blade end including the base of the socketed area. It is a tapering rectangle in section and trapezoidal in plan with a worn flared cutting edge and rounded corners. The breaks at the socketed end are old and worn and casting flashes are present along either side. The surface of the axehead is undecorated.



The metal has a mid-reddish-brown patina and is worn. The fragment is 61.5mm long, 42.9mm to 32.1mm wide, 16.2mm to 4.7mm thick and weighs 96g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1000 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,96,,,16.2,61.9,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Harpham,TA0860,From finder,54.02470345,-0.35288456,YORYM-46B99F,,CWC0003.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/CWC0003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/542311.jpg
751390,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy blade from a socketed axehead that is sub-square in plan, triangular in profile and rectangular in section. The blade is narrow with straight sides with no suggestion of flanging and the cutting edge is rounded and blunt, though severely affected by corrosive pitting. The broken end of the blade still has the end of the socket which would have expanded within the axehead as the blade developed into the body and the collar at the opposite terminal. The socket is 20 mm long, 5 mm wide and 13 mm deep on the side that is intact. The socket, when complete, would have held the wooden haft or handle of the axe. The original surface has partly corroded away and there are patches of light green bronze disease at the broken edges. The narrow straight sides of the blade suggest that it is part of an Armorican socketed axe, also refered to as 'Breton axes', a type which are usually non-functional and may have been 'ingot-axes' at least in north west France. Outside north west France they are widespread but sparse. They date from the end of the Bronze Age, the Llyn Fawr phase, and into the Early Iron Age, the Hallstatt C phase (c.800-700 BC).



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar Amorican socketed axes from Newlyn, Carn Brea and Penquite, in Cornwall, on pages 421 & 424-5, plates 14 & 17, nos.115, 129c & 134.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-10-05T23:00:00Z,2015-10-05T23:00:00Z,,,31.97,,,5,36,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Minver Lowlands,SW9475,GPS (from the finder),50.53840307,-4.90850818,CORN-52EF32,,Nov15finds055.JPG,socketed axe blade (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Nov15finds055.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/540781.jpg
751731,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Copper alloy short-flanged axehead, dating to the Middle Bronze Age (1600-1400BC). The butt is rounded with two low side flanges extending upwards, with a lozenge profile. There is a slight stop ridge half way along the axehead where the flanges cease.The blade is not at its orginal length or width due to being worn away through use. The axehead is covered in a green patina.



A similar style axehead can be found on the database CORN-F6BDEC



The axehead weighs 87.08g, 74.06mm in length, 11.38mm thickness (centre of axehead), 29.86mm width (blade end), 16.98mm width (butt end)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,87.08,,,11.38,74.06,1,Katie Bishop,Katie Bishop,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Arkesden,TL4836,From finder,52.00271617,0.15462487,ESS-9CEF92,,ESS9CEF92MBAaxe.jpg,"Copper alloy short-flanged axehead, dating to the Middle Bronze Age 1600-1400BC.",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESS9CEF92MBAaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/541546.jpg
751949,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An incomplete cast copper alloy rapier or dirk dating to the later Middle Bronze Age, c. 1300-1100 BC. The rapier consists of the butt, shoulders and part of the blade. The butt is rounded above the shoulders with the securing notches now broken and incomplete. The blade narrows only slightly from the shoulders and is lozenge-shaped in cross section. The edges of the blade is bevelled from a wide flat plan that narrows down the length of the blade.



This rapier or dirk blade is similar to Trump's (1962) Group III rapiers, specifically no. 15, which is catagorised as the Lisburn class of blade. These Lisburn blades have been found in Ireland as well as Britain, with a large number coming from the Thames.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,33.5,,,4.9,61.4,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Bampton,SP3001,GPS (from the finder),51.70694101,-1.56724498,BERK-AF8CB9,,2015280.jpg,Bronze Age rapier: Rapier,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2015280.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/541061.jpg
752618,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"An unidentified cast copper-alloy object of a type usually referred to as 'moustache-like' or 'moustache shaped'. These objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead 1998; ref. 117) and various other finds reported to the PAS which are associated with Middle Bronze Age material. It has been suggested that they are part of sword scabbard chapes however their true function remains uncertain. For a similar object see HAMP-C04CC3.","
Image provided by the finder - object not seen by the FLO.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-26T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Clanfield,SP2901,Centred on field,51.70699339,-1.58171638,BERK-CB64E6,,2015301.jpg,Bronze Age object: Moustache-like object,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2015301.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/541390.jpg
753058,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A cast copper alloy spearhead fragment, probably dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 BC - 1150 BC, although a later date cannot be ruled out, consequently a broader range of about 1550BC - 800BC is suggested. Probably Davis Groups 5-11. Only the very tip of the spearhead survives. It has straight sides at the tip, and the centre of the blade is divided by a tapering (tip to base) lozenge shaped midrib.



The object has a smooth grey green patina damage to the blade edges. The broken end is less patinated than the rest of the object, but it is not an immediately recent break.



It is 26.4mm long, 9.4mm wide and 4.8mm thick. 2.6g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-05-16T23:00:00Z,2015-05-16T23:00:00Z,,,2.6,,,4.8,26.4,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Newton on Trent,SK8373,From finder,53.24753848,-0.75757344,SWYOR-1F74C1,,PAS_2675_spear.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead fragment,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2675_spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/541851.jpg
753063,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper-alloy awl, probably dating from the Late Bronze Age (about 1150 BC - 800 BC).



The widest point of the artefact is approximately two thirds along, either side of which it tapers. The longer part has a rectangular cross section and extends to a wedge-shaped terminal; the other side is of circular cross section and terminates in a sharp point. The artefact has a smooth, well-developed blue green patina. It is 43mm long, 3.8mm wide and 3.6mm thick. 2.59g. The form of the awl does not change much through time and similar objects are also noted in the Roman period and possibly later, as leather working tools as well as for use on wood.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-03T23:00:00Z,2015-08-03T23:00:00Z,,,2.59,,,3.6,43,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bishop Burton,SE9838,From finder,53.82903324,-0.51251804,SWYOR-220A7C,,PAS_2677_awl.jpg,Possible Bronze Age Awl,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2677_awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/541857.jpg
753322,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl. Rounded sub-rectangular sectioned mid-point (5 x 5.5mm) with tapering tang and circular-sectioned point . The faces of the tang have lost much of the original surface. Length 51.5mm. Weight 3.89g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-10-05T23:00:00Z,2015-10-28T00:00:00Z,,,3.89,,,5,51.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Themelthorpe,TG0725,From finder,52.78286798,1.06795781,NMS-325B79,,58465_325B79_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/58465_325B79_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156077.jpg
754120,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A small fragment of copper alloy which is possibly Bronze Age in date. The item is broadly triangular shaped in plan and oval in section. It is hollow at the centre, and appears to have been socketed. The tip tapers to a rounded, blunt point. One face appears to be very slightly convex, whilst the other face is flatter. The item is very abraided; the patina is a mid green colour and there are lighter green powdery patches of corrosion on the surface. The item is 20mm in length and 18mm in width at the wider end; it tapers to 7mm at the rounded end and is 5mm in thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-06-05T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,5,20,1,Danielle Wootton,Danielle Wootton,South West,Devon,Teignbridge,Coffinswell,SX8969,From finder,50.51023794,-3.56680746,DEV-60A5B2,,Copperalloyitem.jpg,Unknown copper alloy fragment of uncertain date,Danielle Wootton,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/Copperalloyitem.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/542880.jpg
754171,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy sword blade, both ends broken in antiquity. Length 34mm. Width 35mm. Thickness 7mm. Weight 34.16g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2015-10-07T23:00:00Z,2015-11-04T00:00:00Z,,,34.16,,,7,34,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Ludham,TG3919,From finder,52.71583006,1.53716597,NMS-6DE615,,60934_6DE615_LBA_SwordFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age sword blade,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60934_6DE615_LBA_SwordFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156091.jpg
754964,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,EARLY MEDIEVAL,,,"A complete cast copper alloy bead dating from the Bronze age to the Early Medieval period. The bead is sub-biconical in form with a slightly flattened top and bottom. In section the bead is plano-covex with a large internal perforation, and the object demonstrates an even greenish brown patina. The external diameter of the bead is 14.42mm, the internal diameter is 6.22mm and th maximum thickness is 5.51mm. The object weighs 2.88 grammes.","
Copper-alloy biconical beads are difficult to date without a secure stratified context, and thus a wide date range has been suggested. 
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-02T00:00:00Z,2015-02-19T00:00:00Z,,,2.88,,14.42,5.51,,1,Arwen James (Sussex),Arwen James (Sussex),South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Eartham,SU9410,GPS (from the finder),50.8818564,-0.66516371,SUSS-C73B89,,SUSSC73B89.jpg,Copper Alloy Bead of Bronze Age to Early Medieval Date,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSSC73B89.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/554210.jpg
755056,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"An early Middle Bronze Age copper alloy side looped spear head, probably dating to c. 1600-1400 BC. The spearhead was found in two parts, and subsequently pinned and the join obscured by green, probably acrylic-based paint. That the break fits would suggest that it was fairly recent damage, rather than an intentional feature of the object's deposition.



The spearhead has an abraded piriform blade, surviving to 19.6mm wide at its shoulders and tapering into a worn break below the point, 10.8mm wide. The blade has a central rib, sub-lozengiform in cross section, flanked by the largely flat wings of the blade, in thickness this mid-rib is 6.8mm at the break, and 12.6mm at the juncture between the blade and socket. This is is sub-circular in cross section and sub-connical in form, tapering from 16.8mm in width at the mouth to 9.6mm at the juncture between the socket and blade. In profile the spearhead tapers continuously from the mouth of the socket, 18.0mm thick, to the break at its point. Two integral, incomplete side loops expand from opposing sides of the socket, on the same plane as the wings of the blade. The depth of the socket could not be measured, with it being blocked by the abovementioned repairs.



A small amount of wood was found preserved within the socket.



Dimensions: Length 116.5mm; width 19.6mm; thickness 18.0mm; weight 56.96g.



A spearhead of very similar form and proportions is published by Pearce (1984: 457, no. 309), from Pinhay and now in the collections of the Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter. cf. DOR-2D27D7 on this database, which is also very similar. In LANCUM-7609C0 Dr Dot Boughton notes ""Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, c. 1500-1150BC. [...] A side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has been radio-carbon dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating.""","This record is based on notes and photographs taken at a finds day and may thus fall below our usual standards for recording and identification. This spearhead was initially recorded in 2015, but was left unfinished; it was subsequently brought into a second finds day in 2017 and further detail added.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,56.96,,,18,116.5,1,Danielle Wootton,Wil Partridge,South West,Devon,South Hams,Buckland-Tout-Saints,SX7646,From finder,50.3008799,-3.74246151,DEV-C93172,,Sideloopspearhead.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,Danielle Wootton,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/Sideloopspearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/543303.jpg
755104,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, probably dating to c. 1100-800 BC. The fragment consists of the cutting edge, blade and partial socket. It is rectangualr in plan, with parallel sides and a slightly convex cutting edge without flaring blade tips. In profile the blade tapers from the worn break to the cutting edge, with very pronounced casting seams creating a sub-hexagonal cross section, although with a rectangualr socket. Both faces have been decorated, although highly truncated, with two or more converging lines which meet just below the break.



Dimensions: length 42.2mm; width 37.8mm; thickness 16.7mm; weight 94.55g.



The fragment probably fits into the Ewart park or Wilburton metal working groups, giving it a date of 1100-800 BC. The fragment is extraordinarily heavy for its size, suggesting a hihg lead content in the Bronze.","This record is based on notes and photographs taken at a finds day, it may thus fall below our usual standards for recording and identification. Initially recorded at Kingsbridge Finds day, November 2015, but left unfinished, subsequently viewed at a second finds day in 2017 and further detail added.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,94.55,,,16.7,42.2,1,Danielle Wootton,Wil Partridge,South West,Devon,South Hams,Buckland-Tout-Saints,SX7545,From finder,50.29167952,-3.75616466,DEV-C9D5FD,,Axeheadfragment.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead fragment,Danielle Wootton,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/Axeheadfragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/543309.jpg
755124,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-800,"A fragment of a Bronze age Copper alloy blade, probably dating to c. 2400-800 BC. The fragment is sub-rectangular in plan, tapering from 16.4mm to 12.4mm from one end to the other. In cross secion the blade is pointed-oval, tapering into the edges, and being 6.5mm thick at its maximum, and 4.7mm thick at the narrower end. The fragment terminates in a worn, patinated break at both ends, with one section of an edge folded in on itself.



Dimensions: length 65.5mm; width 16.4mm; thickness 6.5mm; weight 23.28g.","This record is based on notes and photographs taken at a finds day, it may thus fall below our usual standards for recording and identification. Initially recorded at Kingsbridge Finds day, November 2015, but left unfinished, subsequently viewed at a second finds day in 2017 and further detail added.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.28,,,6.5,65.5,1,Danielle Wootton,Wil Partridge,South West,Devon,South Hams,Loddiswell,SX7149,From finder,50.32677296,-3.81365705,DEV-CA1D09,,BronzeAgespearhead.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead fragment,Danielle Wootton,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwootton/BronzeAgespearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/543311.jpg
755344,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1050,"A fragment of copper alloy, probably Middle Bronze Age (1500-1050 BC), socketed spearhead, consisting of the tip of the blade only.





The blade has a pronounced mid-rib, c 8mm across at its wider end/ break and narrowing to 4.14mm in diameter at the point. It is slightly oval in profile. The sides of the blade are c 3.60mm at the break, thus the blade is c 13.50mm in width overall at that point but the edges are abraded.





The patina is green in colour. The fragment measures 43.42mm in length. It weighs 10.92g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.92,,,,43.42,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,Eastern,Essex,Colchester,,TM0233,,51.95877794,0.9385525,WILT-DCD4DE,,WILTDCD4DE.jpg,Bronze Age spear,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTDCD4DE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/548034.jpg
755461,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl or chisel of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1500-800BC). The object is roughly rectangular in plan, broader at its mid-point. The two ends of the object are very different: one end is sub-round in cross-section tapering to a point, the other is rectangular in cross-section and tapers to a flattened and rounded terminal. These two ends converge at the broader middle.



There is no evidence here of mid-point projections, ridges or flanges is the case on chisels dating to the Middle Bronze Age (see HESH-51B7E2, YORYM-71EBF0 and WAW-EF4C84). This example better fits into the Late Bronze Age Awl category, usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976, p.48). They may have been used to make holes in leather and wood. Awl parallels have been recorded as SF-ECC48E, NMS-5DE706, and NMS-1EF240.



The object has a covering light green patina. It is 87.45mm in length, 8.50mm wide at is mid-point, and weighs 14.67g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-31T23:00:00Z,2015-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,14.67,,,,87.45,1,Miss Kerrie Hoffman,Miss Kerrie Hoffman,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Kilham,TA0665,GPS (from the finder),54.07003762,-0.3816562,YORYM-EEFF88,,BL1307.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khoffman/BL1307.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/544006.jpg
755698,Mount,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,"Description: A Bronze Age gold decorative band dating 2200-800BC. This is a circular band of gold with parallel sides and stamped and incised decoration. There is no visible seam. The decoration comprises an irregular line of dots running along the midline of this band; the dots have been stamped through from the reverse. There is an incised line running both above and below the line of dots forming borders. The shape of the band is distorted and irregular.



Dimensions: height: 4.4mm; thickness: 0.3mm; diameter: 25mm; weight: 1.41g.



Metal composition: Analysis by Dr Harriet White (British Museum) established that the precious metal content is more than 10% and the composition is consistent with a Bronze Age date: ""Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the decorated band from London, indicated a surface composition of approximately 85-86% gold, 13-14% silver, and less than 1% copper. The decorated band weighs 1.42 g."" (Department of Scientific Research, British Museum, File No. 7643-2 2015 T941, 20th January 2017)



Discussion: No exact parallel is known for this object but the decoration of goldwork with dot and incised line decoration is a known feature of (Early) Bronze Age goldwork (e.g. Taylor 1970) and the metal composition does not disagree with a Bronze Age date. The function of the object is unclear but it is unlikely to have been a finger ring and is more likely to have been a fitting, perhaps comparable to dagger hilt bands of this period, although these differ in form and decoration from this find.



Kate Sumnall, Finds Liaison Officer for Greater London, 17.02.16.



Edits: Neil Wilkin,The British Museum Harriet White (metal composition), The British Museum, 27.01.17",As the finger ring is greater than 300 years old and is more than 10% gold it fulfils the requirements of the Treasure Act 1996.,4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2015T941,,1.41,4.4,25,0.3,,1,Kate Sumnall,Kate Sumnall,London,Greater London Authority,Wandsworth,Thamesfield,TQ2475,Generated from computer mapping software,51.46040223,-0.21650964,LON-028741,,AuBandLON028741.jpg,A Bronze Age to Iron Age gold decorative band.,Museum of London,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ksumnall/AuBandLON028741.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/543778.jpg
756107,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2500,-350,"
A Bronze Age to Early Iron Age moustache-shaped object with a hollow back and extensive deep ribbing.
","A number of objects of this type have been recorded on the PAS database. One example was found in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117), and as such, they are thought to date from the middle Bronze Age to the late Iron Age. Dr JD Hill at the British Museum suggests that they are Iron Age rather than Bronze Age, but this is yet to be confirmed by excavation of a stratified example. Their function is uncertain, although circular recesses at the bottom of some examples suggests that they were mounted on or below something.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.63,,,8.77,21.4,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5884,GPS (from the finder),51.55191577,-1.16487958,SUR-29CED6,,B151100.JPG,Bronze Age to Iron Age: Moustache-shaped object,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B151100.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/549516.jpg
756195,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,-100,"
A Bronze Age to Iron Age copper-alloy awl, now bent. The awl is rectangular in section and has one flat chisel-shaped end and one pointed end.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.27,,,2.59,72,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Amesbury,SU1841,GPS (from the finder),51.16796372,-1.7439355,SUR-31E966,,151397.JPG,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/151397.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/551686.jpg
756214,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-1,"
A Bronze Age to Iron Age copper-alloy awl. The awl is square in section merging into a rounded section. The point is broken and the intact end is squared off.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.21,,,,67.88,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Amesbury,SU1741,GPS (from the finder),51.16799412,-1.75823784,SUR-32B026,,151414.JPG,Bronze age - Iron age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/151414.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/553085.jpg
756242,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy blade. The fragment is part of the corner from a probable socketed axe.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.28,,,8.11,18.08,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Penton Grafton,SU3247,From a paper map,51.22130447,-1.54317323,SUR-3F27E3,,151440.JPG,Bronze Age: Axe blade,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/151440.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/553621.jpg
756253,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,100,"A blunt-ended copper alloy pin of uncertain, but possibly prehistoric, date. The broken end comes just after the shaft turns at 80 degrees and narrows. The section is oval at the break and suggests a missing head set at an angle to the shaft.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.12,,4.17,,77.41,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Upham,SU5422,GPS (from the finder),50.99487028,-1.23191257,-SUR 435269.00,,151449.JPG,Bronze age: Pin,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/151449.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/553962.jpg
756644,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a Bronze Age blade tip.



The fragment is broadly triagnular tapering from 27.65mm to 3.6mm at the tip. The fragment is lozengeform in cross section and narrows from 3.2mm thick at the break to 1.4mm thick at the tip. The fragment weighs 4.06 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-08T00:00:00Z,,,,4.06,,,3.16,27.63,1,Richard Henry,Claire Goodey,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,West Knoyle,ST8633,From finder,51.09613338,-2.20130184,WILT-6DEC5A,,WILT6DEC5A.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT6DEC5A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/545215.jpg
756860,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy sword blade, sub rectangular in plan and lozenge-shaped in profile and section. Both cutting edges are worn and incomplete and the perpendicular edges to these are broken so that the original length of the blade is unknown as well as the position of this fragment along it, though it is at the end that tapers towards the tip or point, as any raised area has flattened out in section. The surface of the blade has more corrosion product and is more pitted on one face than the other, probably due to exposure. There are also gashes and later damage on both faces, which has happened since deposition. The fragment may be a result of deliberate decomissioning of a sword into separate pieces before it was ritually destroyed, or it may have been broken up in order to melt it down and re-use the metal. The two broken edges may also have been subsequently trimmed in order to re-use the weapon as a tool such as a razor or scraper.



The lozenge-shaped section of the blade without a defined central mid-rib suggests that this is probably part of a sword from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, c.950-850 BC.



Needham & Rohl (1998) illustrate two similar lozenge-shaped sections of Ewart Park swords on page 135, fig.37, nos.386-7.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar section from a Ewart Park sword found at Cranborne in Dorset, on page 665, plate 104, no.365.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate similar fragments of swords, from Lydford and Holne in Devon, on pages 98-99, plates 25-26, nos.145 & 136 (DEV-A6FA73), which are dated from the Ewart Park phase and the Late Bronze Age, c.1000-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-13T23:00:00Z,2015-09-19T23:00:00Z,,,62.5,,,5.8,69.6,1,Philip Mitchell,Philip Mitchell,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Camborne,SW6439,From finder,50.203855,-5.30859056,CORN-8149A2,,Dec15finds035.JPG,sword fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Dec15finds035.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/544622.jpg
756915,Vessel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1200,-700,"A fragment of a copper-alloy cauldron lug of possible Bronze Age date, possibly c. 1200-700 BC in date as suggested by the below arguments. It is also possible that this item dates to the Iron Age or later and this is also discussed below. The remaining fragment is a portion of one of the cauldron's handle loops, but this fragment has broken off from the larger vessel, now missing. The fragment is curved in profile, with three deeply grooved ridges on the outer surface, which have been indented along the centre, suggesting that another element abutted this area. The interior edge of the loop is smooth and undecorated. Both surfaces have a dark green patina and colour. This fragment measures 19.2mm long, 13.1mm wide, 3.4mm thick and weighs 3.78 grams.



A parallel with additional portions of the vessel attachment has been recorded onto the PAS database as: SF-832744 . That example was extensively discussed by specialists and a portion of that discussion is included here:



'This is a handle from a large sheet copper-alloy cauldron. Parallels in the Late Bronze Age are noted with Gerloff's (1986) Class A cauldrons, notably the Shipton Type and Tulnacross Type caulrons (Gerloff, 1986: pp. 93-97, cf. fig. 10 for examples from the Isleham Hoard; see Ashmolean Museum AN 1928.324 for the Shipton-on-Cherwell cauldron). See also examples of buckets with similar handles in Gerloff (2004), notably from Hatfield (Gerloff, 2004: fig. 17.4). These would indicate a date range in the Late Bronze Age Penard to Ewart Park phases, perhaps c.1200-700 BC. However, similarities with later, Iron Age, examples are also evident, such as in parallels from Sheepen in Essex (Colchester Caslte Museum) and the Battersea Cauldron (BM 1861, 0309.1), which have similar sheet construction and cast copper-alloy handles. The current example is quite possibly Late Bronze Age in date, perhaps as early as the last quarter of the 2nd millennium BC, however a later (Iron Age or later) date range cannot be ruled out entirely.'",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-10-27T00:00:00Z,2015-10-27T00:00:00Z,,,3.78,,,3.4,19.2,1,Stephanie Smith,Liz Walker,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,East Tuddenham,TG0812,Generated from computer mapping software,52.66578814,1.07453739,SUSS-8438EC,,SUSS8438ECFragmentofUncertainObject.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/SUSS8438ECFragmentofUncertainObject.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/544473.jpg
756938,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"A copper alloy casting jet of probable Bronze Age date (2150 BC - 800 BC). The object has a flat sub-oval head, the surface of which is irregular and pitted. This uneven surface was probably created when the molten metal was solidifying. Below extend a pair of sprue elements (feeders) at c.135 degree angles. Each feeder is c.13mm long and D-shaped in cross-section, being flat to the inside surface. Both ends (measuring 12.6x9.6mm and 14.1x10.9mm) have rectangular depressions at the centre.

The object has a mid- green patina and a lightly pitted surface.

The jet stands 29.8mm in height, is 33.8mm in length and 22.4mm in max.width (at the head). It weighs 43.10g.",Similar casting jets on the PAS database are SF-935A54 and IOW-CE75F0.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-05T23:00:00Z,2015-10-01T23:00:00Z,,Danebury Midweek Searchers Rally 18-20 Sept 2015,43.1,29.8,,,33.8,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Longstock,SU3337,Generated from computer mapping software,51.13133113,-1.52976973,HAMP-8548DB,,HAMP8548DB.jpg,Bronze Age (probably) metal working debris,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP8548DB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/545211.jpg
757783,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A nearly complete cast copper-alloy socketed gouge dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Bronze Age, Needham's (1996) Phase 7, that is c. 1100 to 800 BC. The socketed end of the gouge has a circular section and an internal diameter of 16 mm. The end of the socket, which may have been collared or just lipped, is now missing due to an old break. The gouge tapers down its length into a C-shaped section, with a furrow widening down the length from the open socket. The furrow widens from a point to c. 9mm. A gouge of this type would have been used for woodworking. Similar examples are recorded on this database including one from Dorset (DOR-FD5EF4), another from near Salisbury (WILT-1D68BC) as well as part of a hoard from Cumbria (LANCUM-6F9525).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,48.8,,19.3,,80.8,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Preshute,SU1571,Generated from computer mapping software,51.43780084,-1.785591,BERK-042843,,2015390.jpg,Bronze Age Gouge: Gouge,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2015390.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/545159.jpg
757864,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A late Bronze Age plain socketed axe of Southeastern type, Ewart Park metalwork assemblage c1000-800BC. The axe appears to have had a long and interesting life and has been used despite a small casting flaw in the form of a hole below the loop. The two parts of the mould were not aligned properly; the casting seams have been smoothed and the axe shows signs of use. There are striations on the blade; the blade has been shaped and formed and has been used and resharpened. The blade is now blunt and this may have been deliberate.



The axe shows clear signs of initial work to break it up for recycling. The socket is distorted and torn. The breaks appear fairly fresh and apart from the contemporary damage the axe is otherwise well preserved with a dark green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,121,,,,80.05,1,Dot Boughton,David W Williams,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Lindsell,TL6327,From finder,51.91767139,0.3686823,SUR-1530DF,,151550.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/151550.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/557699.jpg
758435,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A complete Early Bronze Age cast copper-alloy undecorated developed flat axe (c. 2000-1700 BC): This implement is sub-rectangular in plan with an expanded crescent shaped blade. The butt, in plan, is complete with a rounded terminal. The profile of the axe is an irregular pointed oval with both terminals tapering. In cross section the body of the axe has a slight H-shape as the side edges of the axe have been raised by hand hammering to form slight flanges, and therefore forming a curved sloped to the base of the spetum. The depth between the height of the flanges and base of the centre of the spetum is 1.23mm. The flanges appear to have been cast an probably augmented by hammering. The sides of the axe are slightly convex bulging outwards slightly from the upper edge of the 'H' section; there is no decoration present and the casting flanges have been trimmed filled and hammered flat. The centre of the sides, running from the butt to the start of the blade, has a flattened band at the apex of the convex face. On both faces of the axe there is a slight bump / rib / proto-stop ridge, measuring 44.90mm from the apex of the butt. 80.82mm from the apex of the butt, on each face there is a very slight ridge when the blade then tapers which is the median bevel. On one face the space between the bump/rib-stop and the median bevel is very slightly undulating, on the other face the space is slightly concave. In plan the sides of the blade flare outwards towards the blade tips. One blade tip is complete and is a blunt point, the other is slightly rounded. Both the tips have lost their patina, but the shaping is perhaps due to use rather than recent damage. In plan the cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical. There is no obvious cutting edge bevel towards the blade edge, only the slight ridge which is 24.17mm from the apex of the cutting edge. The surface of the axe has a well developed, mottled dark green to brown patina, which is slightly pitted on the blade. When the surface is reflected in a good light there is a hint of a shiny fine grey glittery surface which is likely to be due to leaching of the alloys in the burial environment where the tin element is better preserved.



The axe measures 103.92mm long, 62.85mm across from blade tip to blade tip, 12.18mm thick at the bump/rib-stop, and weighs 180.31g.



The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age (EBA III) of metalworking stage IV-V (more likely V) specifically within the developed flat axe tradition which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL. BC. This axe is very similar to a number of examples specifically from the type: Brandon. These are described by Burgess and Schmidt in Catalogue of the Axes in Northern Britain as: being ""notably smaller than other advanced flat axes, usually under 130mm length. They have straight parallel or near parallel sides which curve out suddenly just above the blade to a widely expanded crescentic cutting edge. A similar axe is illustrated in Savory (1980), No. 338.1 from Breach Farm, Llanblethian, Glamorgan.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-11-01T00:00:00Z,2015-12-07T00:00:00Z,,,180.31,,,12.18,103.92,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Enstone,SP3824,From a paper map,51.91324102,-1.44896081,WAW-473987,,WAW473987a.jpg,"Bronze Age flat axehead (profile, plan, profile and reverse).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW473987a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/545844.jpg
759038,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-1000,"Circumstances of discovery



Three objects found together on 29 November 2003 using a metal-detector. Subsequent excavation on the find-spot, conducted by David Williams, Finds Liaison Officer for Surrey, has shown an important relationship to ancient, probably Bronze Age, landscape features. Furthermore, the hoard appears to have lain beneath a small cairn of tightly packed flint nodules.





Description



Palstave 1 (axehead)



A palstave with a gently flared and heavy blade ornamented with a stout trident rib design. The stop, at the blade/haft end junction is massive and protrudes well beyond the linking flanges in profile. The side loop is unusually thick and has an octagonal cross-section. The septum floor is effectively flat with a sharp angle where it meets the inner flange faces.





Length 184 mm;  width blade 49 mm; weight 623.5 g





Palstave 2



The second palstave is rather different in style. The blade starts parallel at the top, then expands progressively towards the convex cutting edge. It too carries stout ‘decoration’, this time just a single medial rib on either face, giving the upper blade a hexagonal section. The stop shows similar protuberance relative to the flanges as seen on palstave 1, while the septum floor is again flat with strong angles along the flanges. The loop is slighter with a sub-oval cross-section.





Length 168 mm;  width blade 52 mm; weight 492.1 g





Chape (sword-scabbard terminal)



A thin-walled socketed fitting, the socket of which continues to within 6 mm of the terminal. The body of chape is rhombic-sectioned with the addition of narrow flattened sides throughout its length. At the end it expands slightly into a sub-lozenge ‘button’ terminal. The mouth is very gently V-shaped in plan view. Two neat perforations on opposing faces provide for rivet fixings to the wood or leather lining of the scabbard.





Length 157.5 mm; width mouth 40 mm; weight 72.5 g





Metal composition



No analysis has been conducted, but there is no doubt that these are copper-alloy objects, of either bronze or leaded bronze.","Identification



The two palstaves, although different in detail, are united by features characteristic of the Late type. These include relatively narrow blades and the specific stop/flange/septum form. Late palstaves belong to the Late Bronze Age between circa 1150 and 800 BC. Associated finds suggests that there are some significant shifts in style between the earlier and later half of this period, but the full range of variation as seen in extant axes is not yet represented in hoards. This gives considerable importance to the association in the Mickleham hoard of two style variants with a more closely dated bronze type.





The chape belongs to the ‘tongue-shaped’ family. Long tongue chapes occur in both the Wilburton metalwork assemblage and in some early Ewart hoards (Blackmoor stage), the full potential span being circa 1150-900 BC. However, the near straight mouth of the Mickleham example is not found in the later group and so it can almost certainly be attributed to the Wilburton stage, circa 1150-1000 BC.





Conclusion



The Mickleham bronzes were clearly found together as a closed group and had probably been sealed under a small flint cairn at about the same time. They date to the Wilburton stage of the Late Bronze Age and are eligible as Treasure under the new Treasure Order (2002) being a base-metal prehistoric associated find containing two or more metal objects.









Dr S.P. Needham



Department of Prehistory & Europe



British Museum",4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2003-11-29T00:00:00Z,2003-11-30T00:00:00Z,2003T410,,,,,,,3,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Mickleham,TQ1553,GPS (From FLO),51.26456571,-0.35310507,SUR-26AD1C,,00079777_001.jpg,BA bronze scabbard chape,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/00079777_001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622369.jpg
759087,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"A Late Bronze Age copper alloy chisel, dating to c. 1000-700BC. The object is solid cast and roughly concoidal in shape, tapering from one end to the other. There is a circular socket at the widest end which would have held a wooden or bone handle, is 15.1mm in external diameter. The circular sectioned shaft then narrows to create a rectangular sectioned blade end. The blade is convex in shape and is 7.7mm in width.



The chisel is 76.7mm long and weighs 33.87 grams.



The chisel is very similar to another on the database, NMS-5DC7C7 which cites an example from the Burton Upon Stather hoard illustrated in Inventoria Archaeologia, GB.23, 3 (3), no.14. c.1000 - c.700 century BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,33.87,,,,76.7,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Barham,TR2049,From finder,51.19784052,1.1475355,KENT-2A2156,,KENT2A2156.jpg,KENT-2A2156,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENT2A2156.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/546157.jpg
759500,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1501,"Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axehead with all surfaces uniformly pockmarked, but otherwise undamaged. Length, width and thickness 102, 64.6 and 13.2mm. Weight 346g. c.2350 - c.1500 BC.



Field JW8",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-30T23:00:00Z,2015-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,346,,,13.2,102,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Alpington,TG2901,Centred on field,52.55861793,1.37691984,NMS-696B18,,60971_696B18_BA_Axehead_final.jpg,Bronze Age Flat Axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kgreenwood2/60971_696B18_BA_Axehead_final.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/604389.jpg
759900,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe head dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1000-800 BC). The fragment is part of the open socket, which is now roughly L-shaped in section. It has a raised and slightly everted collar with a raised rib located beneath; no other decorative or disgnostic features can be discerned due to the fragmentary nature of the object.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,23.3,,,5.6,26.3,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Radley,SU5199,From a paper map,51.68744864,-1.26364999,BERK-B9F879,,2015395.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead: Fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2015395.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/547096.jpg
760419,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,43,"A copper alloy possible horse harness ring of Bronze Age to Roman date (c. 1000 BC - AD 410). The ring measures 47.85mm in diameter (internal diameter 34.55mm), is 5.85mm thick and weighs 21.01g. It is circular in shape with a defined circumferential ridge running around the centre. The interior surface also features a defined circumferential ridge, creating a lozenge-shaped cross section. The interior surface exhibits scratch or wear marks which appear to have occured during use. The ring has a smooth dark green patina.



Similar rings have been discovered in a number of Bronze Age hoards and have been suggested as horse harness fittings, as being part of the handles of a sheet-metal cauldron of Class A1 (Type Tul-na-cross) and Class B1 (Types Llyn Fawr, Ballyshannon and Castlederg) (Gerloff 2010, Pl. 17, 7b; Pl.32, 14a; Pl. 33, 14f-h; Pl. 34, 15d, Pl. 54, 33c and Pl. 66, 37g)., or part of a chain from which a cauldron or other vessel was suspended over a fire. Similar rings have been recorded from the Hindon hoard",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.01,,47.85,5.85,,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Purton,SU0890,From finder,51.60877832,-1.88587154,WILT-D43108,,WILTD43108.jpg,Bronze Age to Roman ring,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTD43108.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/549827.jpg
760470,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A circular copper-alloy casting well with a stub of a narrow jet set centrally. This object may be of Bronze Age date but could be later.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-26T23:00:00Z,,,,24.84,,,12.92,27.89,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Penton Grafton,SU3247,GPS (from the finder),51.22130447,-1.54317323,SUR-E3D183,,B151163.JPG,Bronze Age: Metal working debris,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B151163.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/550410.jpg
760840,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, worn and corroded, point missing, broken across socket. Extant length 48mm. Extant width 17.5mm. Weighs 14.00g. 1000-701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-11-12T00:00:00Z,2015-12-09T00:00:00Z,,,14,,,,48,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bracon Ash,TG1600,,52.55495269,1.18481693,NMS-FCE7FA,,29308_FCE7FA_LBA_SpearheadFragment_a_ILL.jpg,Fragment of Late Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/29308_FCE7FA_LBA_SpearheadFragment_a_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155983.jpg
760852,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An incomplete possible Bronze Age copper alloy annular or penannular bracelet. The object is now folded in two and the band has corroded. It is possible that it has broken but in its current condition it is also possible it was a penannular design. It has a D shape section band and there is no visible decoration to the surface, the copper alloy has a dark olive green patination. When complete the bracelet would have been quite small in diameter. The band is a relatively regular width and thickness along its length, save for a small area where corrosion has narrowed the band considerably. A Bronze Age date is possible based on its context, close to other finds of prehistoric date.



Length: 75.07mm
Width: 4.92mm
Thickness: 2.43mm
Weight: 12.35g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.35,,,2.43,75.07,1,Dick Read,Edwin Wood,London,Greater London Authority,Lambeth,Oval,TQ3077,Generated from computer mapping software,51.4770308,-0.1294578,LON-FD49EB,,braceletLONFD49EB.jpg,An incomplete possible Bronze Age copper alloy annular or penannular bracelet.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwood/braceletLONFD49EB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/547597.jpg
760920,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Middle to late Bronze age copper alloy socketed spearhead, 125mm long, 33mm wide and 12mm thick with a weight of 62.12grams. The object is in poor condition and incomplete. It consists of a leaf shaped plate which would have has a facetted blade edge, now mostly missing. It has a centrally placed circular sectioned shaft which is damaged, particularly on one side, and tapers to a point just below the tip of the spear.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2015-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,62.12,,,12,125,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Woodhouse,SK5314,GPS (from the finder),52.7210632,-1.21675864,LEIC-115815,,LEIC115815.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy socketed spearhead,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC115815.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/547482.jpg
760948,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1150,A fragment of a very corroded copper-alloy spearhead of probable Middle Bronze Age date (1600-1150 BC). The fragment comes from near the tip / upper blade and has a pronounced spinal ridge. Due to the small nature of the fragment it is undiagnostic - there is an outside possibility that it could be the tip of a dirk / rapier - this is based on the thickenening to the medial ridge at the tip - which is a diagnostic feature of thrusting / piercing weapons (such as spearhead and rapiers).,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.44,,,5.2,30.12,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Bix and Assendon,SU7184,GPS (from the finder),51.55043222,-0.97741416,-SUR 151190.00,,B151213.JPG,Bronze age: Spear,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/B151213.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/551252.jpg
760973,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,A fragment of a Bronze Age copper-alloy circular plano-convex ingot. The fragment weighs 203g.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,203,,,23.4,58.08,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,GPS (from the finder),51.54292534,-1.16504412,SUR-253F28,,B151237.JPG,Bronze age: Ingot,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/B151237.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/551280.jpg
761801,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"A fragment of a Bronze Age blade tip.



The fragment is broadly triagnular tapering from 15.45mm to 2.7mm at the tip. The fragment is lozengeform in cross section and narrows from 2.85mm thick at the break to 0.9mm thick at the tip. The fragment weighs 4.37 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.37,,,,37,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Winterbourne Bassett,SU1174,From finder,51.46486634,-1.84304476,WILT-682E7A,,WILT682E7A.jpg,Bronze Age blade,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT682E7A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/548098.jpg
762343,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date. The fragment is the blade end including the base of the socketed area. It is a tapering rectangle in section and trapezoidal in plan with a worn flared cutting edge. The breaks at the socketed end are old and worn and what remains of the surface of the axehead is undecorated.



The metal has a mid-brown patina and is worn. The fragment is 43.3mm long, 25.2mm wide, 11mm thick and weighs 35.8g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1000 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,35.8,,,11,43.3,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,York,York,Dringhouses and Woodthorpe,SE5748,GPS (from the finder),53.92500591,-1.13349025,YORYM-914369,,RHH0034.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/RHH0034.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/550326.jpg
762924,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1350,"A near complete copper alloy Middle Bronze Age dirk, dating to the period c. 1550-1350 BC. The trapezoidal hilt plate / butt end is damaged by movement in the plough zone; however, the remains of two rivet holes are discernible on the feathered external edge. A further slight notch is present on the exterior edge which may possibly suggest the handle was originally fixed with four rivets. The original mushroom rivets are all lost. The dirk is widest across the trapezoidal plate - below this the shoulders narrow to form the blade which is a flattened lozenge (lentoid) shape in cross section. The blade has a distinctive central rib which extends to the tip / point of the blade. This thickened rib adds strength to the blade and is a diagnostic feature of this type of short sword or dirk which is thought to be used for thrusting and piercing rather than cutting and slashing. The cutting edges of the blade are complete but have been damaged in places by movement in the soil. There seem to be no direct notches in the cutting edge (caused through use / parrying blows). The dirk is a mid green colour with a well preserved surface patina which is pitted, particularly on one side, by surface corrosion. Area of distinct patinated longitudinal scratches are present on both sides of the blade and lower part of the hilt plate - these marks are most likely caused through use / sharpening rather than as a result of the burial environment. The dirk has been bent at c. 45 degrees. The centre of the bend is on the upper part of the blade / soon after the butt end narrows into the blade. This bending has resulted in patinated transverse stress fractures / striations on the outer face of the bend, and a large area missing the surface on the inner face. The position of the bend suggests that the hilt was present when the blade was deliberately damaged; hilts in this period were organic being made of bone, horn, or wood. Such bending is common on metal deliberately deposited within ritual environments - specifically areas on the edge of wetlands. The findspot lies in an area rich in paleo-channels suggesting that it would have been placed in a marginal area prior to modern drainage. The dirk is best attributed to Burgess and Gerloff's (1981) Group II as it has an undecorated form with central rib, flattened lozenge cross section and a trapezoidal butt end / hilt plate. The dating of this type fits with the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking stages of the Middle Bronze Age - which corresponds with Needham (1996) Period 5 and Burgess's Metalworking stage IX.



A similar dirk has been recorded on the PAS database from Whittlebury, Northamptonshire (NARC-CC1CF4).



The dirk measures 158mm in length, 44mm in width at its widest point at the butt end, 24mm in width midway along the blade, 3.49mm in thickness at the butt end and 4.68mm at its thickest towards the point. It weighs 89.15 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,,89.15,,,4.68,158,1,Denise Wilding,Denise Wilding,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,"Cranwell, Brauncewell and Byard's Leap",TF0052,GPS (from the finder),53.05590887,-0.50943803,LIN-E5872D,,LINE5872D.jpg,Bronze Age dirk,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/denisewilding1/LINE5872D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/549514.jpg
762987,Ear Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A gold loop of uncertain function made of square cross-sectioned rod that has been bent into a sub-circle shape, one side is slightly distorted and straight and the terminals are over-lapping. The rod is thickest at its centre and thinnest at the terminals.



Dimensions: Weight: 8.44g; Diameter: 22mm by 22mm; Thickness: 5mm (max.) - 1mm (min.)



Metal composition:

Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the ear-ring carried out by the British Museum's Department of Scientific Research indicated a surface composition of approximately 86-87 % gold, 11-12 % silver and at least 1% copper. The ear-ring weighs 8.44 grams.



Discussion:

Gold rod with square cross-section is a typical feature of both Middle and Late Bronze Age British ornaments (cf. Eogan 1994), but is rarely found in other periods. The precise form of the gold loop is not closely paralleled by other known examples bar and usual copper alloy penannular ring found in Hampshire (PAS-HAMP114), also of uncertain but probably later Bronze Age in date. The metal composition does not disagree with this statement. It is possible, on the balance of probabilities, to accept this as a prehistoric object.",In terms of age and as the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.,3,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2016-01-03T00:00:00Z,2016-01-03T00:00:00Z,2016T61,,8.48,,,5,22,1,Neil Wilkin,Kurt Adams,South West,South Gloucestershire,South Gloucestershire,Iron Acton,ST6683,Generated from computer mapping software,51.54486289,-2.49168582,GLO-F6A0EF,,GLOF6A0EF.jpg,GLO-F6A0EF Roman Ear Ring,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOF6A0EF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/549106.jpg
762993,Bead,Bronze Age,Iron Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,800,"A Bronze Age, Copper Alloy bead. The bead is a torus shape with a slight bend and noticable seam across the cross section where each ends of the loop would have been attached together.



The bead has a diameter of 15.24mm but extends to 15.65mm in the bend, 3.6mm thick, 4.2mm high and weighs 3.1g. It has a bronze, brown colour which has faded in some patches. Otherwise, it is in stable condition.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-13T00:00:00Z,,,,3.1,4.2,15.38,3.66,,1,Peter Wheatley,Peter Wheatley,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Caistor,TA1003,From finder,53.51218257,-0.34266355,PUBLIC-F6E044,,,,,,,
763690,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"An incomplete cast copper alloy tanged spear / spearhead of Early Bronze Age (Arreton industry) date (1700-1500 BC). The object is broken across the lower blade and the tang and butt of the blade are preserved. The blade would have been lanceolate in shape (being broadly triangular in plan) and has a pronounced, raised central rib terminating at the junction with the tang. This rib is present on both faces of the blade. The cross section of the blade is lentoid (lanceolate). The tang is integrally cast and rectangular in shape; it tapers toward the butt end where the lower edge is broken across a oval shaped rivet hole. Sub rectangular depressions are present on both faces on the upper part of the tang. The outer edges of the blade are heavily abraded and both the ends of the object terminate in old patinated but abraded breaks. The metal is a mid-brown in colour with a thick well preserved surface patina on most faces; where abrasion has removed this patina patches of light green, pitted corrosion are present. This form of spearhead is relatively rare with only 47 examples recorded in the recent volume British Bronze Age Spearheads (Davis 2012). This form of spearhead corresponds with  Davis's (2012) Group I form and of Arreton Down metalworking dating to the latest part of the Early Bronze Age, (Early Bronze Age III) which correspondes to Needham's (1996) Period 4 dated c. 1700 - 1500BC and Burgess's Metalworking stage VII.  Two similar examples of Arreton metalworking tradition spearheads are recorded on the PAS database from Penllyn, Vale of Glamorgan (NMGW-0BF252) and Shalfleet, Isle of Wight (IOW-221956) . 



An image of this was sent to Richard Davis (University of Nottingham) who comments:



[This is an] Arreton tanged spearhead. However some of its attributes do not match any of the 47 that I have recorded in the PBF book. The blade base has a protruding ridge or rib which is not present on other tanged spearheads. This, however, is found on some of the early socketed spearheads (Arreton phase). The narrow vertical, central rib on the blade is not present on other tanged spearheads, but again this attribute is similar to some on the early socketed spearheads. The indentation on the upper face of the tang is unique. It may have been designed as a seating for some form of bronze collar which also abutted the ridged blade base (see the well known Snowshill spearhead). The length of the tang and the broken peg hole is typical of the tanged spearheads of this type



Length: 92.01mm, Width: 23.51mm, Thickness: 8.84m, Width (of tang): 13.03mm, Thickness (of tang) : 6.76m Weight: 39.5 grams.



Thanks are extended to Richard Davis for his comprehensive and useful notes. This find has been noted of Regional Importance.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,39.5,,,8.84,92.01,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Aislaby,SE7683,Generated from computer mapping software,54.23706997,-0.83544522,DUR-2372A1,,DUR2372A1.jpg,DUR-2372A1 : Spear Head : Bronze Age,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DUR2372A1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/549599.jpg
764182,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"Copper alloy awl/point that is a long thin rod that has an expanded waist a quarter of the way down its length, from here both side tapers to a point. The shorter side (form the expansion) is 18mm long with a rectangular cross section that narrows to a flat terminal; this side may have been used as a tang and could have been inserted into a socket. The longer side is 51mm long and has a circular cross-section that terminates in a rounded point. Date 2150 BC - 800 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-07-31T23:00:00Z,2015-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,9.16,,,5,69,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Awre,SO6806,From finder,51.75177187,-2.46495804,GLO-75D04E,,GLO75D04E.jpg,GLO-75D04E Bronze Age Awl,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO75D04E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/550483.jpg
764526,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl, possibly of Late Bronze Age-Roman date. The awl's shaft at the head end is octagonal in cross-section alternating wide and thin faces until it reaches its widest point (19mm from the head), after which it becomes cylindrical and thins gently until it reaches its point, the point has a pinch just behind the nib.



Tanged chisels and awls have few diagnostic features and change little through time, making their dating and identification more difficult. The attention to detail with the decorative facets around the head, may be suggestive of a Bronze Age date. Bronze Age awls and narrow chisels are not common finds and their dating is further hampered by a lack of associated datable artefacts within hoards but tend to date to the Late Bronze Age, c. 1250-800BC, but maybe much later.





Measurements: 88.11mm long, 6.81mm in diameter and 18.66g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.66,,6.81,,88.11,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,London,Greater London Authority,Bexley,Erith,TQ4580,Generated from computer mapping software,51.50034504,0.08761954,KENT-8D72EC,,KENT8D72EC.jpg,Copper-alloy awl,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT8D72EC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/550479.jpg
764712,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a blade from a sword, dagger, or rapier of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1000 to 800 BC). The blade is made of copper alloy and now has a red-brown patina covering the entire surface, including the breaks. The fragment is lozenge-shaped in section but both of the 'edges' are worn and irregular.A clear apex runs down the centre of the blade on both sides. The fragment is slightly curved in section, suggesting that it was bent before having been broken. Both of the breaks are relatively straight, though somewhat worn, and this might suggest that the object was carefully cut into pieces in antiquity.



Length: 22.96mm, width and thickness at one end 12.14mm and 2.98mm respectively; at the other end 12.01mm and 2.77mm respectively.Weight 3.26g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-28T00:00:00Z,2016-01-28T00:00:00Z,,,3.26,,,2.98,22.96,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Apley,TF1374,From a paper map,53.25099258,-0.30780794,LIN-9FC1C6,,LIN9FC1C6.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy sword fragment,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN9FC1C6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/551458.jpg
764718,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A possible fragment of a blade from a sword, dagger, or rapier of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1000 to 800 BC). The blade is made of copper alloy and now has a red-brown patina covering much of the surface, including areas of the breaks. The fragment is sub-triangular in plan and lozenge-shaped in section but both of the 'edges' are worn and irregular. The fragment appears to taper quite rapidly, suggesting that this could be from towards the tip-end of the weapon. The break across the wider-end is straight and appears to have been carefully cut rather than having been snapped or broken. The shorter-end above is irregular.



Length: 16.21mm, width and thickness at one end 18.40mm and 4.02mm respectively; at the other end 13mm and 3.02mm respectively.Weight 4.06g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-28T00:00:00Z,2016-01-28T00:00:00Z,,,4.06,,,4.02,16.21,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Apley,TF1374,From a paper map,53.25099258,-0.30780794,LIN-9FDC1A,,LIN9FDC1A.jpg,Middle to late Bronze Age blade,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN9FDC1A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/552033.jpg
764884,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Mid - Late Bronze Age spearhead. The fragment has lost all its diagnostic features and so the classification cannot be further refined. The fragment comprises a short section of the spear blade, including the lozenge sectioned central mid-rib and the incomplete blades to either side. There is a slight tapering of the mid rib visible. The rest of the spearhead including all of the socket is missing. The surface is pitted with corrosion, but a shiny brown patina remains over most surfaces.

Although only a fragment of the spearhead remains, the mid-rib is high and this is more common on spearheads of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1600-1001 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Chance find during metal detecting,,,,,2.7,,,3.1,20.4,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Lew,SP3305,GPS (from the finder),51.74273642,-1.52345331,BERK-A391A9,,2015476.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Spear fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2015476.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/550861.jpg
765441,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date. The fragment is the blade end which is trapezoidal in shape with a worn cutting edge and flared rounded corners. The cross-section is rectangular and the breaks are old and worn.



The metal has a dark brownish-green patina and is worn. The fragment is 55.3mm long, 32.9mm wide, 9.7mm thick and weighs 55.7g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1000 - 800BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,55.7,,,9.7,55.3,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Wilberfoss,SE7450,GPS (from the finder),53.94083207,-0.87417933,YORYM-07FD7B,,PS0554.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/PS0554.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/552259.jpg
765746,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1700,"A complete cast copper-alloy Flat axe dating to the Early Bronze Age, c. 2200-1700 BC. The axe is sub-triangular in plan and lenticular in section, with thinning of the piece visible at the cutting edge and towards the butt of the axe. The cutting edge itself is convex, with the lateral edges gradually tapering in towards the butt end, which itself is squared off. The axe is relatively well preserved with an even light green patina interspered with darker green pitting covering all its surfaces. The object is broadly symmetrical, although some losses to the edges of the piece are in evidence resulting from post-depositional erosion. The axe is 62.2mm long from cutting edge to butt, it is 5.9mm thick at its midpoint, 38.7mm wide at the cutting edge and 18.7mm wide at the butt end. It weighs 71.7 grammes.


This axe is similar both in proportions and form to Migdale and Hopton type axes, with a good comparison on the PAS database visible in the form of WILT-F21AB1, although this example has a slightly more elongated mid-section and a rounded butt.","
Found on a Metal Detectives Group rally near Clanfield, Oxfordshire.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-03-22T00:00:00Z,,,,71.7,,,5.9,62.2,1,Alex Bliss as Finder,Alex Bliss as Finder,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Bampton and Clanfield,SP3000,From finder,51.69795012,-1.56733069,PUBLIC-0F51CC,,DSCN00091.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abliss/DSCN00091.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/551507.jpg
766150,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-1125,"An incomplete middle Bronze-Age (c.1250-1125BC) cast copper-alloy special side-looped spearhead.



Description: The spearhead has been broken just over midway along the broad leaf shaped blade. Both edges where remaining has been heavily abraded along their edge, leaving them uneven. There is a pronounced conical mid rib that is hollow from the socket to the majority of the way through the blade. Where it has broken giving a cross-section of the rib shows it to be solid nearish to the point. There is a substantial mould line along the side of the shaft. There is only one loop on the spearhead, abutting the blade. There does not appear to be any breaks, swelling or any other suggestion that another loop existed on the other side. It is a small hemispherical loop



The spearhead is a dark brown colour with frequent patchesof rough light green corrosion product likely bronze disease.



Measurements: 124.11m long, 35.2mm wide, 20.26mm thick (blade is 3.32mm thick) and 104.89g in weight.



Discussion:



This spearhead is odd for a number of reasons. Firstly single looped spearheads are very rare (with only one example to this date on the database: DUR-F54FE1), Those with abutting loops to the blade are similarly uncommon. Secondly these types are not known from the south-east and are more commonly found in Northern Britain and Ireland. Thirdly this exmaple from Kent while sharing identifying features does not fit all the attributes of the aformentioned northern and Irish groups and is, at present, unique in the archaeological record.","
Information on this spearhead, its identification and confirmation of this spearhead's unique status thanks to Dr. Richard Davis, University of Nottingham and Author of 'The Early and Middle Bronze Age spearheads of Britain'.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,104.89,,,20.26,124.11,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Ash,TR2758,Generated from computer mapping software,51.27590126,1.25325714,KENT-3489FD,,KENT3489FD.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Spearhead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT3489FD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/551873.jpg
766157,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A cast copper-alloy socketed side-looped spearhead, dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1500 BC - 1150 BC. The spearhead's blade is a sub-oval / leaf-shaped with central rib, hollow socket and cast semi-circular side loops along the shaft. The socket appears to be at its full length although there is damaged around the socket opening. The overall shape of the blade can be described as being leaf-shaped. It has straight sides at the point end, with a rounded base near the socket. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering (tip to base) lozenge shaped midrib. This midrib expands into the shaft and socket of the spear.The object has a smooth dark brown to olive green patina which is pitted in places. Some of the blade edge is damaged.



Measurements: 97.93mm long, 15.23mm thick, 17.21mm wide and 26.24g in weight.","LVPL-893C73 is a similar example (among others on the PAS database) and the record notes that ""Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, dating from about 1500-1150BC.""",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,26.24,,,15.23,97.93,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Whitfield,TR2943,Generated from computer mapping software,51.14044367,1.27231589,KENT-350034,,KENT350034.jpg,A copper-alloy socketed side-looped spearhead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT350034.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/551879.jpg
766325,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"An almost complete cast copper alloy developed flat axe with hammer raised flanges of later Early Bronze Age date (c. 2000 CAL BC to c. 1700 CAL BC). Only the tip of one blade edge is missing, otherwise the axehead is in very good condition. The axehead is broadly sub rectangular in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges and in cross section it is almost H-shaped, formed by the raised flanges down either edge.","
Object submitted via email - not seen by recording FLO
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-05-31T23:00:00Z,2015-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,190,,,15,103,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Clanfield,SP2901,,51.70699339,-1.58171638,BERK-475C01,,2015511_layton.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe: Developed flat axehead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2015511_layton.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/552029.jpg
766371,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"A very late Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age (1100 - 900 BC) Blackmoor type spearhead with lunate openings. The spearhead is complete and in very good condition although the blade edges are now a little uneven. The patina is dark green/brown and there are iron concretions in a number of places, especially around one of the openings. On one side there is a large area of green/blue thin coppery scale which extends from the socket to a point some two-thirds along the length of the object. A pronounced rib accompanies the openings along one side but is largely absent on the other. The length is 203mm and the width is 58.78mm. The diameter of the socket is 27.31mm and the socket is 147mm long. There are no traces of wood or other preserved organics within the socket. The presence of iron deposits suggests the spear was deposited within a wetland environment.



Richard Davis (Bronze Age specialist in Spearheads of University of Nottingham) comments:



This spearhead has transitional characteristics between the protected looped spearheads of the Middle Bronze Age and the lunate spearheads of the Late Bronze Age. The rib (ridge/flange/fillet) which runs all round the blade apertures is matched by a similar one on the spearhead from Ardmillam which I classified as protected-looped. The rib is larger and cruder than on the Late Bronze Age lunate spearheads. The blade shape with the strong concave line of the blade edges from above the lunates to the tip are present on several Late Bronze Age lunate spearheads, but is not as marked on protected-looped spearheads. The blade openings are larger than those of the protected-looped spearheads.



Based on these attributes this spearhead seems to be a transitional design somewhere in the continuum between the protected-looped, and the mature lunate spearheads typified by those from the Blackmoor hoard. This would date it to the late Middle Bronze Age (MBA III) or early Late Bronze Age (LBA I). The two protected-looped spearheads that have been tested had a low lead formulation typical of the Middle Bronze Age, while the lunate spearheads generally had a high lead formulation typical of Late Bronze Age metalwork. 



To date the metal of this spearhead has not been tested.



Given the date range provided by Richard Davis this example would fit within Needham's (1996) Period 6 or 7 and Burgess's Metalwork stage XI.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-01-01T00:00:00Z,2007-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,180,,,27.31,203,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Ufton Nervet,SU6268,From finder,51.40764468,-1.1099997,SUR-49AF85,,DSCF2116.JPG,Bronze Age: Broadward spearhead,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF2116.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/552053.jpg
766613,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A blade fragment from a Bronze Age copper-alloy rapier, from the lower part of the blade. The blade edges are parallel and a little worn.



The fragment probably dates from c1500-1200BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.69,,,4.46,23.84,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Harting,SU7518,From a paper map,50.95655792,-0.93354916,-SUR 750511.00,,151584.JPG,Bronze Age: Rapier blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/151584.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/558630.jpg
766614,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment of the rim of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe. There is a raised cordon below the rounded rim.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.4,,,,28.21,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,,West Sussex,Chichester,Harting,SU7518,From a paper map,50.95655792,-0.93354916,-SUR 751073.00,,151585.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed Axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/151585.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/558637.jpg
766801,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"Possible Bronze Age (1250-800 BC) awl: The awl is sub-square in section at one portion and circular in section at the other. In plan it is an elongated sub-rectangle in plan. Both terminals gradually taper to a blunt point. The surface has an incomplete dark green patina with some pitting. In length the awl is 35.81mm, 5.38mm wide and 5.18mm thick. It weighs 4.12g.



From the PAS website: http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl Awls are difficult to date but most are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). They were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin. Dating and areas of discovery



However, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002). They note that although most awls are associated with leather working, some would have been used in woodworking, bone working and other crafts.



Coles, J M (1964) 'Scottish Middle Bronze Age Metalwork', Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 97 (1963-4)



Ottaway, P. and Rogers, N., 2002. Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds From Medieval York York: York Archaeological Trust and CBA



Rowlands, M.J. (1976) 'The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain: Part ii'. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-01T23:00:00Z,2015-12-02T00:00:00Z,,,4.12,,,5.18,35.81,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Norton Juxta Kempsey,SO8751,From finder,52.15712106,-2.19144171,WAW-8A1C15,,WAW8A1C15.jpg,Possible Bronze Age awl (plan and profile).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW8A1C15.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/552392.jpg
766809,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1250,1500,"Bronze Age to Medieval (-1250 to AD 1500) awl: The awl is circular in section and taper to a blunt point. The surface has a dark green patina with some small areas of fine pitting. In length the awl is 49.44mm, 3.41mm wide and 3.47mm thick. It weighs 2.99g.



From the PAS website: http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl Awls are difficult to date but most are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). They were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin. Dating and areas of discovery



However, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002). They note that although most awls are associated with leather working, some would have been used in woodworking, bone working and other crafts.



Coles, J M (1964) 'Scottish Middle Bronze Age Metalwork', Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 97 (1963-4)



Ottaway, P. and Rogers, N., 2002. Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds From Medieval York York: York Archaeological Trust and CBA



Rowlands, M.J. (1976) 'The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain: Part ii'. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-01T23:00:00Z,2015-12-02T00:00:00Z,,,2.99,,,3.47,49.44,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Fulbrook,SP2514,From finder,51.82406645,-1.63867115,WAW-8A40C7,,WAW8A40C7.jpg,Bronze Age to Medieval awl (plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW8A40C7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/552396.jpg
766810,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A fragment of a copper alloy flat axehead of early Bronze Age date. The fragment is the blade end and a short length of handle which is trapezoidal in shape with a worn cutting edge and flared rounded corners. The cross-section is rectangular and the breaks are old and worn. No signs of ridges or flanges are present indicating that this is an early flat axe.



The metal has a heavily corroded mid-green patina. The axehead is 59.1mm long, 40.7mm tapering to 24.1mm wide, 10.7mm thick and weighs 89g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,89,,,10.7,59.1,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Anlaby with Anlaby Common,TA0228,From a paper map,53.73841761,-0.45507203,YORYM-8A4196,,PN0064.jpg,Bronze Age : Flat Axe,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/PN0064.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/553839.jpg
767197,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"An incomplete Bronze Age cast copper-alloy awl. The pointed end and part of the shaft of this awl survive, but the other terminal is now missing due to old breaks. It has a square cross-section, which tapers to a flatish point at the complete terminal end. The length is 54mm, the width is 6mm thickness 6mm and the weight 7.81g.



According to the PAS website: http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl Awls are difficult to date but most are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). They were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin. Dating and areas of discovery



However, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002). They note that although most awls are associated with leather working, some would have been used in woodworking, bone working and other crafts.



Coles, J M (1964) 'Scottish Middle Bronze Age Metalwork', Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 97 (1963-4)



Ottaway, P. and Rogers, N., 2002. Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds From Medieval York York: York Archaeological Trust and CBA



Rowlands, M.J. (1976) 'The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain: Part ii'. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-08T00:00:00Z,,,,7.81,,,6,54,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Clitheroe,SD7541,Centred on parish,53.8646076,-2.38163198,LANCUM-A14C35,,LANCUMA14C35.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMA14C35.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/552990.jpg
767365,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Bronze Age cast copper alloy axe, probably from a socketed axe dating from the Late Bronze Age, i.e. c. 1000-800BC. The fragments is very worn and has been broken away by an old break. The axe splays evenly from the rectangular socket towards the rounded cutting edge. The rest of the blade,  mouth, moulding and side loop are all missing.



The fragment is 34.5mm long, 32.6mm wide, 12.7mm thick and weighs 36.47 grams.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,36.47,,,12.7,34.5,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Herne and Broomfield,TR1766,Generated from computer mapping software,51.35162233,1.11497745,KENT-B376FD,,KENTB376FD.jpg,KENT-B376FD,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENTB376FD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/553021.jpg
767462,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age possible spearhead, dating 1500-1150BC. The object is in incredibly poor condition and thus undiagnostic. It appears to have a central ridge, widening towards the lower end of the object, though no trace of a socket is visible. The original shape of the object is uncertain due to corrosion and damage.



Peter Reavil (Finds Liaison Officer, Herefordshire & Shropshire) suggests the object may be a spearhead or a rapier blade, though based on the section of the object it is more likely to be a spearhead. In either case it would likely date from 1500 to 1150 BC.



Dimensions: length: 26.05 mm; width: 15.48 mm; thickness: 6.62 mm; weight: 13.83g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.83,,,6.62,26.05,1,B. Paites,B. Paites,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Ugley,TL5227,From finder,51.92077994,0.2088706,ESS-B608B5,,Cuobjectwithcentralridge.jpg,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age possible spearhead, dating 1500-1150BC.",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/Cuobjectwithcentralridge.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/553061.jpg
767642,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, part of upper end of blade only, point missing, finely cast with the socket extending into the blade. Fine ribs flank the tapering rib of the socket on both faces. Extant length 37mm. Extant width 20.5mm Thickness at break 10mm. c.900 - c.800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-11-16T00:00:00Z,2016-01-05T00:00:00Z,,,,,,10,37,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Morley,TM0797,From finder,52.53151572,1.05039668,NMS-C9C728,,13561_C9C728_LBA_SpearheadFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/13561_C9C728_LBA_SpearheadFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154568.jpg
767708,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1150,"A nearly complete cast copper-alloy palstave type of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1550-1150 BC. The palstave has a U shaped shield-shaped pattern below the stop ridge on both sides of the palstave, which is concave, bordered on either side by the flange facets and with a central ridge in its middle. The cutting edge of the axe is convex and bevelled, while in section the piece is sub-lenticular and the blade is sub-triangular in plan view with convex flaring sides. At the middle of the depression below the stop ridge on the sides of the axe, the palstave has been slightly shouldered with two reasonably prominent ridges. The area of the axe comprising the stop-ridge and the butt with the septum in between is sub-triangular in section and sub-rectangular in plan-view, though at the upper edge of the axe this is irregular due to the breakage at the butt end. 



The palstave survives well with a relatively even green patina except for some small losses to the cutting edge and to the extremities of the butt end. In some places, the patina is relatively pitted with some brown mineralised deposits visible in places. 

It measures 152.65mm long from the broken end of the butt to the point of the blade, 30mm wide at the stop ridge, 28.65mm wide at the midpoint of the flange-facets and 23.18mm wide at the broken butt-terminal. The cutting edge of the axe is 56.86mm wide, and from the cutting edge to the stop-ridge the axe measures 85.81mm long. At the thickest point of the flange-facets the axe is 26.34mm thick and at the mid-point of the blade the axe is 12.68 mm thick. The axe weighs 488 grammes. 



This palstave is comparable to nos. 146 and 151 in Savory's catalogue (Savory 1980, pp. 104-105) as well as LVPL-1FDB7C on the PAS database, which the recorder assigns to the primary phase of the Middle Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-01-12T00:00:00Z,,,,488,,,26.34,152.65,1,Alex Bliss as Finder,Alex Bliss as Finder,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Ashington,TQ1116,From finder,50.93277801,-0.42177696,PUBLIC-CB5542,,unspecified50.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave type axe,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abliss/unspecified50.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/561691.jpg
767954,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A Middle/Late Bronze Age copper alloy leaf-shaped spearhead. The spear is well preserved and has very sharp blade edges. The tip and the socket are both broken and there are the remains of one side loop. The spearhead has a sharp ridge between the blades. The socket length is 47.59mm.



Richard Davis suggests that this spearhead can be identified as a Group 6 Developed Side-looped spearhead. It may be dated to the MBA - the later Acton Park and Taunton phases, and possibly the early part of the Penard phase. The lozenge shaped midrib and the prominent midrib ridge are typical of this type. There are remains of the top of the side loop at the bottom of the lower part of the socket remaining. Davis argues further that it appears that the spearhead was purposely damaged in antiquity with the tip and lower socket broken off, and the hole pierced in the lower midrib. This suggests some form of ritual destruction, possibly the weapon of a defeated opponent. (Davis pers. comm.)",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.02,,,,80.29,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Steeple Barton,SP4426,GPS (from the finder),51.93078107,-1.36148292,-SUR 31958.00,,1640.JPG,Bronze Age: Spearhead,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/1640.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/559825.jpg
768616,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of a cast Late Bronze Age socketed tool, most probably an axehead. The fragment is a sub-triangular shape with two of the sides being old breaks. It comprises the thickened rim from the mouth of the socket with a raised transverse band around the exterior approximately 5mm inboard of this. Between the rim and the inset band there is a raised longitudinal casting seam. The unbroken edge of the fragment shows a slight curvature commensurate with it being from the mouth of a socket. The colour is a mid green faded to light green by erosion on the high spots. Circa 1000-700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-14T00:00:00Z,2016-02-14T00:00:00Z,,,,,,4,19,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,East Tuddenham,TG0710,GPS (from the finder),52.64821683,1.05851771,NMS-39003A,,NMS39003A.jpg,Fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed tool probably an Axehead,Garry Crace,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/NMS39003A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/554069.jpg
770202,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A small corner fragment of a socketed axe dating from the Late Bronze Age, probably around 1000-800BC. The fragment is long, retaining the corner of the mouth moulding and a smaller moulding below. The surfaces are very worn and slightly pitted. There may be a fragmentary loop/break left on one side. The fragment is too small to determine type and metalwork assemblage, but it's likely to be a Late Bronze Age axe, possibly of South Eastern type,",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,13.35,,,,35.8,1,Julian Watters,Dot Boughton,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Souldern,SP5130,GPS (from the finder),51.96614523,-1.25909308,BH-F2F48E,,BA_gouge_15_172_18.jpg,Bronze Age socketed gouge (fragment),St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/BA_gouge_15_172_18.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/557354.jpg
770214,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,"
A Bronze Age or Iron Age copper-alloy square-sectioned awl. Both tapering ends are blunt blunt.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.77,,,4.73,49.58,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Goodworth Clatford,SU3642,GPS (from the finder),51.17610919,-1.48639934,SUR-F3510D,,1695.JPG,Bronze Age or Iron Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/1695.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/564788.jpg
770311,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age sword, comprising parts of the upper hilt and hafting plate with a (broken) rivet hole on both sides. Two rivet-holes in the grip, that towards the missing terminal is broken. Ancient breaks. Weighs 54.10g. Extant length 58mm. Extant Width 26mm. 100-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-07T00:00:00Z,2016-02-10T00:00:00Z,,,54.1,,,,58,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,North Norfolk,North Walsham,TG2928,From finder,52.80091442,1.39567801,NMS-04A1D2,,61231_04A1D2_LBA_EwartParkSwordFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age sword,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61231_04A1D2_LBA_EwartParkSwordFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156094.jpg
770754,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An almost complete cast copper alloy palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating to the period c.1500-1300 BC. The palstave has a U-shaped pattern below the stop ridge, and raised flange facets. The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan, with convex expanding sides and convex damaged cutting edge. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being after the stop ridge.



The blade, from the cutting edge to the stop ridge, is 66.42mm in length and 22.86 thick, measured close to the stop ridge. The cutting edge is 41.60mm in width and 2.72mm thick.



Beneath the stop-ridge, on both sides of the palstave, is a concave depression, which is bordered by raised ridges. This is broadly sub-rectangular (U-shaped), with three parallel grooves going down to the septum to facilitate the process of hafting. One face of the palstave preserve, near the three grooves of the septum, a through hole linked with forging activities.



The rear part of the axe, from the stop ridge to the butt, is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in profile, with the widest part behind the stop ridge. The rear part is 67.63mm in length, 23.10 in width and 23.42mm maximum thick, 4.60mm minimum thick (measured at the foot). The palstave weights 263g.



The palstave is covered with a green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,,263,,,,128.35,1,Cristina Sanna,Cristina Sanna,,Dorset,North Dorset,Cann,ST8621,,50.98822798,-2.20083415,WILT-46374E,,97169730.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cristinasanna/97169730.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/556767.jpg
771313,Finger Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A complete Bronze Age copper alloy coiled plain finger ring. The ring is made with one plain round copper alloy bar coiled on itself three times to make a ring. The surface of the ring is pitted green and olive green. The internal diameter of the ring is 19.11mm and the external diameter is 26.67mm. The maximum height of the ring is 16.64mm. The ring weighs 17.76 grams. Similar rings can be seen at SUSS-C5D042 which have been dated to the Middle Bronze Age (1500-1100BC) and more specifically, (1400-1150BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,17.76,16.64,26.67,,,1,Claire Goodey,Claire Goodey,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Tisbury,ST9330,Recorded at a rally,51.06928669,-2.10128089,WILT-6F5708,,WILT6F5708.jpg,Finger ring of possible Bronze Age date,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT6F5708.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/561999.jpg
771445,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A copper-alloy awl, probably dating from the Late Bronze Age



The widest part of the awl is approximately one third of the way along its length; either side of this point, the piece tapers. The longer portion is of rectangular cross section, displays evidence of filing on its surfaces and tapers to a wedge-shaped terminal. The remaining third also has a broadly rectangular cross section, but in this portion the corners have been deliberately removed, probably by filing. The patinated surfaces are almost black in some areas, perhaps suggesting that a coating was applied in antiquity.



Length: 54.1 mm; maximum width: 4.7 mm. Weight: 5.01 g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-09T00:00:00Z,,,,5.01,,,,54.1,1,Julian Watters,Julian Watters,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU3138,Generated from computer mapping software,51.14043425,-1.55826542,BH-8196E7,,BA_awl_16_2_5.jpg,Bronze Age awl,St. Albans District Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jwatters/BA_awl_16_2_5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/558093.jpg
771693,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed hammer of Bronze Age date. The hammer is a sub-rectangular and hollow, narrowing to the socketed end. The mouth of the socket is broken and worn and the butt end is slightly curved. The surface of the hammer is undecorated and the corners are angular with no signs of bevelling. No visible casting flashes remain.



The metal has a mid-greenish-brown patina with pitting revealing a lighter green alloy. The hammer is 58.8mm long; 25mm x 15.3mm at the butt end; 19.6mm x 18.4mm at the socketed end; the walls are 4.5mm thick; the socket is 40.4mm deep. The object weighs. 83g.



Socketed hammers are a rare find, especially when compared to socketed axeheads, and there are currently only 37 recorded examples on the PAS database, 6 of which were found in Yorkshire. Similar hammers have been recorded as SF-40FAAD, FAKL-9C9543, LVPL-5A7954, SWYOR-D13642 and YORYM-ABCCE1. The latter record discusses the dating of socketed hammers stating that 'early examples tend to be plain with no collar, whereas later examples have collars and moulding'. SF-40FAAD also states that 'hammers were in use in Britain during the Taunton metalwork phase of the MBA, with slender hammers appearing in both the Taunton and Bishopsland hoards and a massive hammer in the Burgess's Meadow, Oxford hoard' (O'Connor 1980, vol.1, 61). However, they only became common in LBA hoards. As such Rowlands (1976, 45) states that 'it would be unwise to date stray finds to the MBA'.""",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,83,,,4.5,58.8,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Salford Priors,SP0451,GPS (from the finder),52.15726316,-1.94294685,YORYM-86F1B4,,JL0018a.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Hammer,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/JL0018a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/556946.jpg
772847,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age penannular ring fragment, or 'ring money'. Sub-oval-section, slightly flattened on the upper and lower face, with a copper alloy core and outer banded gold sheath. The banding appears lighter with an almost silvery colour on the outer face and a darker, slightly blackened appearance on the inner face. Broken at both ends with possible traces of having been cut or chopped. The exposed copper alloy surface is fairly corroded, suggesting ancient breaks. See NMS-5D0C86 for a similar complete example.



Weight 5.7g. Width 8.5mm. Surviving diameter 17.5mm.","
Rings of this type are thought to have been personal ornaments and despite their often used name, did not function as money.
",3,Copper alloy,Gold,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2016-01-17T00:00:00Z,2016-01-17T00:00:00Z,2016T190,,5.7,,17.5,,,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Runhall,TG0609,From finder,52.63962015,1.04313442,NMS-183C7E,,55070_183C7E_BA_PenannularRing.jpg,Bronze Age penannular ring,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/55070_183C7E_BA_PenannularRing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/557987.jpg
773053,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1000,"A fragment of a copper alloy razor of Bronze Age date (1800-1000 BC). The object is composed of a rectangular baled, with bevelled edges and a sub-rectangular tang which is square in section. The tang is not integral but is composed of a bifurcated rectangular copper alloy bar which has been soldered to both sides of the blade. All edges of the blade are broken and the blade itself terminates in an old and abraded break at both ends.



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a smooth and uncorroded patina.



Length: 38.70mm, Width: 22.35mm, Thickness of Tang: 4.51mm, Thickness of Blade: 1.95mm, Weight: 8.4g.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: WILT-6172B1, SUR-D8D06E and CORN-8149A2",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.4,,,4.51,38.7,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Richmondshire,Eppleby,NZ1713,Generated from computer mapping software,54.51202438,-1.73894038,DUR-2BD572,,DUR2BD572.jpg,DUR-2BD572 : Razor : Bronze Age,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DUR2BD572.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/558081.jpg
773284,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A fragment from the edge of a  blade of a Bronze Age copper alloy axe.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.49,,,3.44,22.53,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bishops Waltham,SU5718,GPS (from the finder),50.95861605,-1.18979509,-SUR 570334.00,,16190.jpg,Bronze Age or Iron Age: Axe blade,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/16190.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/566829.jpg
773692,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1250,"
Fragment of an early to middle Bronze Age copper-alloy axehead. Only the blade-end survives. The edge is crescent-shaped, but has worn in a somewhat irregular fashion. The sides curve inwards from the blade-edge, flaring in section to a rectangle. The break across the body is irregular. The surface of the axe is dark green in patina and pitted in areas.
","
Identification done using images supplied by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,Yorkshire and the Humber,North East Lincolnshire,North East Lincolnshire,Irby,TA1904,From a paper map,53.51920888,-0.2066339,LIN-81A214,,LIN81A214.jpg,Bronze Age axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN81A214.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/558509.jpg
773811,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Bronze Age, probably Late Bronze Age, copper alloy double-edged knife in abraded condition with both ends missing (apparently ancient breaks), pockmarked surfaces and scuffed cutting edges. The cross-section is pointed oval apparently without a mid-rib. Similar to an example from Suffolk which the late Colin Pendleton considered ""unusual in being exceptionally small and narrow"", and suggested ""may have been re-used from a larger blade"" (SF-B852E7). Extant length 45.7mm, width 9.3mm, thickness 2.2mm, weight 3.47g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-05T00:00:00Z,2016-02-15T00:00:00Z,,,3.47,,,2.2,45.7,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Morley,TM0599,GPS (from the finder),52.55022609,1.02218897,NMS-92D9B9,,29937_92D9B9_LBA_DoubleEdgedKnife_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Bronze Age double-edged knife,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/29937_92D9B9_LBA_DoubleEdgedKnife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155987.jpg
774372,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2800,-800,"
Copper alloy Bronze Age blade fragment from a knife. This has a low oval cross-section with tapered blades on either side. The front and back ends are truncated making it possible that this is around the middle of the knife. This artefact dates to the middle to late Bronze Age.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-19T23:00:00Z,2015-08-19T23:00:00Z,,,7.58,,,4,31,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Leigh,SO8726,From finder,51.93235669,-2.19048245,GLO-C0F6F8,,GLOC0F6F8.jpg,GLO-C0F6F8 Bronze Age knife blade,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOC0F6F8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/559285.jpg
774654,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-850,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy sword blade, rectangular in plan and lozenge-shaped in profile and in section, with a raised but flattened mid-rib that rises about 1 mm above the surface of the blade on both sides and averages about 10 mm in width. Both cutting edges are worn and incomplete and the perpendicular edges to these are broken so that the original length of the blade is unknown as well as the position of this fragment along it, though it is likely between the hilt and the middle of the sword as this is where the blade tapers before expanding at the mid point. The fragment may be a result of deliberate decomissioning of a sword into separate pieces before it was ritually destroyed, or it may have been broken up in order to melt it down and re-use the metal. The two broken edges look like they were subsequently trimmed in order to re-use the weapon as a tool such as a razor or scraper. The wider broken end has a semi-circular notch that is 5 mm in diameter and has been deliberately produced as part of a rivet hole and this would not be where the hilt was riveted to the handle so it must be for later hafting when the fragment was re-used. The smooth dark green patina survives on both faces of the blade but the abraded edges are actively corroding. There are also flakes and gashes that have been caused from post-depositional damage that are also corroding and are light green in colour.



The lozenge-shaped section of the blade with a raised central mid-rib suggests that this is probably part of a sword from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, c.950-850 BC.



Needham & Rohl (1998) illustrate two similar lozenge-shaped sections of Ewart Park swords on page 135, fig.37, nos.386-7.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar section from a Ewart Park sword found at Cranborne in Dorset, on page 665, plate 104, no.365.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate similar fragments of swords, from St Erth in Cornwall and Holne in Devon, on pages 74 & 99, plates 1 & 26, nos.21a-d (CORN-F4C163) & 136 (DEV-A6FA73), which are dated from the Ewart Park phase and the Late Bronze Age, c.1000-800 BC.","Removed comparison to 2016 T20 (CORN-E8DF11) in an earlier version of this report as the object in question has since been reclassified - N. Wilkin, 5.4.17",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-10T00:00:00Z,2015-12-10T00:00:00Z,,,72.15,,,8.7,76,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Polperro,SX2051,GPS (from the finder),50.33136455,-4.53046784,CORN-FE2E0D,,March16finds037.JPG,Ewart Park sword (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/March16finds037.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/559687.jpg
774801,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe, with just the blade surviving, rectangular in plan and in section, and triangular in profile. The blade is narrow with straight sides with a slight taper towards the broken end so that the blade is slightly flanged, but one side is damaged and incomplete so that the actual edge is unclear. The cutting edge of the blade is rounded and blunt, though affected by corrosive pitting and later damage. The broken end of the blade, which is 39 mm wide and 14.5 mm thick, is just below the end of the socket which would have expanded within the axehead as the blade developed into the body and the collar at the opposite terminal. The socket, when complete, would have held the wooden haft or handle of the axe. The original surface has mostly corroded away, with patches of dark green patina, but much of the surface is covered in light green bronze disease. The narrow straight sides of the blade suggest that it is part of an Armorican socketed axe, also refered to as 'Breton axes', a type which are usually non-functional and may have been 'ingot-axes' at least in north west France. Outside north west France they are widespread but sparse. They date from the end of the Bronze Age, the Llyn Fawr phase, and into Hallstatt C (c.800-700 BC).



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar Amorican socketed axes from Newlyn, Carn Brea and Penquite, in Cornwall, on pages 421 & 424-5, plates 14 & 17, nos.115, 129c & 134.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate similar socketed axes from Cornwall on pages 38 & 97, plate 24, nos.100-101.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-11T00:00:00Z,2016-02-11T00:00:00Z,,,62.1,,,14.5,36,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Breage,SW6226,GPS (from the finder),50.08633559,-5.32844843,CORN-10D5E6,,March16finds042.JPG,,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/March16finds042.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/560184.jpg
775022,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy spear probably dating to the Middle or Late Bronze Age (c. 1500-800 BC). The fragment consists of the tip of the spear blade, which is triangular in plan. The tip is slender with a pronounced middle rib which tapers to the edges in 'wings', creating a rounded lozenge-shaped cross section. The shaft opening is circular in shape on the underside and is completely filled with soil and other possible material, but seems to have been socketed. The metal is of a medium green colour, with substantial areas of darker green patina on all surfaces. The spear tip measures 39.5mm long, 14.5mm wide at the break and 6.7mm thick; it weighs 6.67 grams.



As only the tip of the spear remains, it is difficult to date this object more precisely than the Middle to Late Bronze Age period, c. 1500-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-16T00:00:00Z,2015-12-16T00:00:00Z,,,0.83,,17.2,0.6,,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,,West Sussex,Arun,Angmering,TQ0804,Centred on field,50.82547658,-0.46799343,SUSS-16EB24,,unspecified16.jpg,"Copper-alloy spearhead fragment, Middle or Late Bronze Age",Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stephaniesmith/unspecified16.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/561612.jpg
775027,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-300,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy Bronze Age copper alloy chisel probably a broken tang. The object is flat and rectangular in plan. The upper end has suffered an old break and is very worn. The fragment is ovoid in section towards the break and expands slightly in width at the centre. From this expansion, the lower section is triangular in section and tapers to a point which is rounded in plan. The sides of the lower section are slightly thicker than the flattened central area, possibly indicating that the edges had raised sides which are now worn to almost the same thickness as the rest of the fragment. It has a dark green patina and a smoothed surface.



Tanged chisels and awls have few diagnostic features and change little through time, making their dating and identification more difficult. The attention to detail with the decorative facets around the head, may be suggestive of a Bronze Age date. Bronze Age awls and narrow chisels are not common finds and their dating is further hampered by a lack of associated datable artefacts within hoards but tend to date to the Late Bronze Age, c. 1250-800BC, but maybe much later. Similar to SUR-435CC1 and ESS-159732.



The length is 80mm, the width is 9mm thickness 9mm and the weight 23.51g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-03-03T00:00:00Z,2016-03-03T00:00:00Z,,,23.51,,,9,80,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Salesbury,SD6733,From finder,53.7922584,-2.50241327,LANCUM-17104C,,LANCUM17104C.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM17104C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/559903.jpg
775791,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The blade is a pointed oval form with a distinct, raised central rib which runs down the length of both sides of the object to the base of the socket. The socket has a side loop, lozengiform in plan and almost flat in cross-section on each side. There are casting seams visible down the length of the shaft. Small sections of the edge of the socket are broken and missing, however a retained semi-circular portion on one side of the socket suggests a peg hole in the shaft. The socket has been distorted by post depositional processes and is twisted and missing a large portion below the side loops.



The metal is a dark greenish brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: BERK-9565A5, BERK-4D4F74 and SWYOR-6DA833



Length: 133.65mm, Width: 23.31mm, Thickness: 11.76mm, Weight: 38.80g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,38.8,,,11.76,133.65,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Booton,TG1122,Generated from computer mapping software,52.75439241,1.12524406,DUR-A7968E,,DURA7968E.jpg,DUR-A7968E : Spear Head : Bronze Age,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DURA7968E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/560701.jpg
775929,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-1000,"Probably a reworked blade/weapon dating from the earlier Late Bronze Age, that is c. 1200-1000BC. Probably part of the later Penard or Wilburton metalwork assemblage. The fragment retains a wide lenticular midrib and the edges of two rivet holes and is slightly tapering in plan view. The blade remains sharp. Due to the midrib running all the way along the entire length of the blade it is likely that this is a reworked rapier or dirk blade, possibly made of a broken blade fragment. It can be classed as one of Burgess and Gerloff's (1981) Group IV: Damaged weapons with reworked butts, e.g. nos. 900-950 (Burgess and Gerloff 1981). These probably date slightly later than the original weapons, so a date in the later Middle Bronze Age or earlier Late Bronze Age seem feasible.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.83,,,4.43,33.9,1,David Williams,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Overton,SU5150,GPS (from the finder),51.24690047,-1.27070479,SUR-B7F695,,B1669.JPG,Bronze Age: Knife blade,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B1669.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/562022.jpg
776182,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment from the collar of a late Bronze Age socketed axe.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-13T00:00:00Z,,,,4.99,,,,18.49,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,"Aston, Cote, Shifford and Chimney",SP3302,GPS (from the finder),51.71576402,-1.52373669,SUR-CF1221,,B16103.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed Axe fragment,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16103.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/563218.jpg
776461,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"
A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy tanged knife with a spatulate terminal. The broken end has a rivet hole and a 'hipped' expansion. There are multiple post-depositional diagonal scratchings on one side and transverse sharpening scratches on the other. The knife surface is laminating.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,40,,,4.02,117.37,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Woodcote,SU6382,GPS (from the finder),51.53340007,-1.093133,SUR-D5A3E7,,B16156.JPG,Bronze Age: Tanged knife,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16156.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/563588.jpg
776534,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,"
Casting debris. A roughly circular, possibly Bronze Age, copper alloy well with a stub of a rectangular jet.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,21.03,34.76,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5783,GPS (from the finder),51.54302702,-1.17946233,SUR-E3FDA5,,B16174.JPG,Bronze Age: Metalworking debris,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16174.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/564436.jpg
776826,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1150BC) palstave axe-head, surviving only as the cutting edge and a tiny amount of the mid-rib body. The cutting edge is a wide convex crescent shape in plan. The blade is very short and has a steep drop from the body to the cutting edge, with some clear hammer blows and polishing striations visible on the surface. These features suggest an axe-head which has been maintained, the metal redrawn via hammering and re-sharpened a significant number of times. It is difficult to suggest the extent of this maintenance/reuse as palstaves dating from the latter end of the period tend to have shorter blades. Features to place this example within a chronological group have not survived, thus being able to suggest its shortness relates only to reuse and rather than style is not possible. At the broken end, which equates to the beginning of the palstave's likely rectangular body, a subtle shadow suggests the rib indicating its classification as a palstave axe. The break appears to be relatively recent and almost certainly relates to modern agricultural process. The fragment is very dark green on the body with a slightly different more olive green along the cutting edge.



Measurements: 45.58mm wide, 39.74mm long, 13.46mm thick and 84.01g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,84.01,,,13.46,39.74,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Swale,Hartlip,TQ8263,Generated from computer mapping software,51.33695583,0.61142006,KENT-27087C,,KENT27087C.jpg,A fragment of copper-alloy palstave axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT27087C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/561552.jpg
776870,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy fragment of a Socketed Spear head of Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC). The object is sub-triangular in shape, the tip, majority of the blade and part of the socket are missing due to old, abraded breaks. The socketed portion is circular and runs through the length of the object. The blades taper in toward the tip suggesting a leaf shaped form. There are retained casting seams at the base of the blade on each side.



The metal is a dark brown in colour with large areas of green corrosion.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: WILT-B83B8F, ESS-0DF35D and LEIC-C730A8



Length: 60.97mm, Width: 23.84mm, Thickness: 16.67mm, Weight: 26.40g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,26.4,,,16.67,60.97,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Richmondshire,Middleton Tyas,NZ2305,Generated from computer mapping software,54.43989491,-1.64688923,DUR-27FF15,,DUR27FF15.jpg,DUR-27FF15 : Spear : Bronze Age,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DUR27FF15.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/561577.jpg
777234,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1700,"Copper alloy developed flat axe of Aylesford type (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981). The axe is dark yellowish brown with an even surface patina except in a few places where green patina is visible. There are a number of shallow grooves on both faces of the blade indicative of use rather than recent damage in the ploughsoil. It measures 58 mm in length but the butt is missing. The break is just behind a median bevelled stop and is patinated consistent with the rest of the axe perhaps suggesting breakage in use. Width at the crescentic cutting edge is 50.5 mm and the axe weighs 89.3 gm with a maximum thickness of 9.2 mm. It has vertically faceted sides worked into slight flanges. No evidence for decoration. It is very similar to an axe from Hutton Cranswick, East Riding, Yorkshire (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p. 61 & Plate 37, 316). The axe fits within Needham's Period 3 (MA IV) 2050-1700 CAL BC (Needham, 1996).



References



Needham, S. (1996). Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, 67, 121-140.



Schmidt, P. K., & Burgess, C. B. (1981). The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. München: Beck.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,89.3,,,9.2,58,1,Peter Chowne,Peter Chowne,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Heighington,TF0569,GPS (from the finder),53.20770643,-0.4293063,LIN-4D4DF6,,LIN4D4DF6.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN4D4DF6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/561907.jpg
777635,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of a copper alloy palstave dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age c. 1500 - 1150 BC. The fragment is sub-rectangular in shape the butt and a fragment of the flanged sides survive. The axe has anangular butt and the sides gradually widen towards the break. Both sides of the palstave have high developed flanges, which increase gradually from the butt to from sub-triangular sides. The sides are unfinished, as you can still see the ridges from the casting process.



The faces of the axe fragment are slightly concave, creating a H-shaped cross-section. The faces of the axe show signs of wear, such as scratches and the break is even and patinated, suggesting that the object was broken in antiquity. Due to the fragmentary nature of the object, it is difficult to confidently assign a Type.



The fragment measures 27.12mm in length, 25.93mm wide, 12.78mm thick and weighs 19.78 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.78,,,12.78,27.12,1,Fiona Johnstone,Fiona Johnstone,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0844,,51.19516483,-1.88689397,WILT-669FA1,,9963.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cristinasanna/9963.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568061.jpg
777732,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1400,"A complete copper alloy palstave of the Middle Bronze Age Acton Park II period c. 1500-1400 BC. The palstave has a deep flange with upright stop; the butt of the palstave narrows slightly from the septum. Casting lines are visible on either side and there does not appear to be a side loop (unlooped palstave). The blade of the palstave flares gently outwards from the stop and although the blade tips are damaged it does not appear to have had a pronounced crescentic cutting edge. There is a narrow linear indentation on one face of the palstave on the blade below the stop which may be the remains of a shield-shaped indent; this is not repeated on the opposing face and therefore may to the result of of an imperfect mould rather than intentional. The flange is c. 77mm tall at the stop, and the back end of the palstave from the stop measures 65mm in length. The blade is 85.6mm long, 55mm wide and 3.2mm thick at the tip. The whole object is 164mm long. The palstave is suffering from bronze disease on all sufaces.



The lack of a side loop and lack of any ribs suggest it maybe relatively early and is probably of the Acton Park II period, c.1500-1400 BC. It is perhaps similar to example from Cwm Rheidol, Cardiganshire, and Arthog, Merioneth. (Savory (1980:130, figs 19, 20, no. 135 and 138).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-21T00:00:00Z,,,,359.8,,,22.8,164,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU4096,GPS (from the finder),51.66136563,-1.42310504,BERK-773E87,,OXPAS2015724.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave: Palstave,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/OXPAS2015724.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/562392.jpg
779148,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze age sword, probably dating to the Ewart Park phase (1,000-800BC). Only part of the blade survives, being roughly rectangular in shape with a ridge running down the centre on both sides. The object has a mid-dark green patina. The blade edges are very worn and no longer exist. 



Two similar examples with a lozenge-shaped section are illustrated in Needham & Rohl (1998, 135, fig.37, nos.386-7).



Dimensions: length: 41.28 mm; width: 21.97 mm; thickness: 7.21 mm; weight: 19.86g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.86,,,7.21,41.28,1,B. Paites,B. Paites,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,West Hanningfield,TL7000,Generated from computer mapping software,51.67304766,0.45714235,ESS-4B8242,,ESS4B8242LBAsword.jpg,"A fragment of a Late Bronze age sword, probably dating to the Ewart Park phase (1,000-800BC)e",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESS4B8242LBAsword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/564483.jpg
779405,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A Middle/Late Bronze Age (1500-800 BC) copper alloy rapier blade fragment. The fragment is lozengiform in cross section with a prominent rib on either side. The breaks are old. The fragment measures 22.7mm in length, 22.05mm wide, 2.75mm thick and weighs 5.19 grams.



Other such fragments have been recorded on the database including WILT-524387",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.19,,,2.75,22.7,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Berwick Bassett,SU1173,From finder,51.45587485,-1.84307555,WILT-623C7B,,WILT623C7B.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT623C7B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/567097.jpg
779426,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,100,"A copper alloy possible horse harness ring of Bronze Age to Roman date (c. 1000 BC - AD 410). The ring measures 33.75mm in diameter (internal diameter 16.55mm), is 5.95mm thick and weighs 15.12g. It is circular in shape with a defined circumferential ridge running around the centre. The interior surface also features a defined circumferential ridge, creating a lozenge-shaped cross section. 



Similar rings have been discovered in a number of Bronze Age hoards and have been suggested as horse harness fittings, as being part of the handles of a sheet-metal cauldron of Class A1 (Type Tul-na-cross) and Class B1 (Types Llyn Fawr, Ballyshannon and Castlederg) (Gerloff 2010, Pl. 17, 7b; Pl.32, 14a; Pl. 33, 14f-h; Pl. 34, 15d, Pl. 54, 33c and Pl. 66, 37g)., or part of a chain from which a cauldron or other vessel was suspended over a fire. Similar rings have been recorded from the Hindon hoard",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.12,,33.75,,,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Berwick Bassett,SU1173,From finder,51.45587485,-1.84307555,WILT-62F48A,,WILT62F48A.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT62F48A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/567092.jpg
779451,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Fragment of Early Bronze Age/ Middle Bronze Age flanged chisel, broken central part only, both ends missing. Oval-sectioned on one side of the stop ridge, flanges on the other side and break across bubble/casting fault. Extant length 45mm. Width 15mm. Thickness 13mm. Weight 32.66g. This dates to the transitional period from the end of the Early Bronze Age and the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, centering around 1600 - 1400 BC. Extant proportions similar to those on an example from Garveston (SMR-894E92).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-24T00:00:00Z,2016-03-29T23:00:00Z,,,32.66,,,13,45,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Yaxham,TG0110,,52.65047129,0.96995502,NMS-63EC54,,53969_63EC54_MBA_FlangedChisel_ILL.jpg,Fragment of Early Bronze Age/Middle Bronze Age flanged chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/53969_63EC54_MBA_FlangedChisel_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156066.jpg
779639,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,1100,"A fragment of copper alloy tanged knife. The tang has a single rivet hole for the attachment of the missing handle and the edges have been worked to create a slight ridge.The knife has a symmetrical, shallow, pointed oval cross section giving two cutting edges.

Date: Middle Bronze Age c. 1600 - 1000 BC

Dimensions: 83.47 mm x 20.11 mm x 2.95 mm

Weight: 20.54 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,2.95,83.47,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,Purbeck,Bere Regis,SY8296,Centred on field,50.76330752,-2.25658361,DOR-761B1C,,761B1C.jpg,Bronze Age knife,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/761B1C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/564871.jpg
780103,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of copper alloy spear or arrowhead. The tip only surviving. There is a central rib between two curving cutting edges. The typology and exact date of this object are uncertain.

Date:Probably Middle to Late Bronze Age - c. 1600 - 800 BC

Diameter: 24.1 mm x 11.4 mm x 7.1 mm

Weight: 4.11 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.11,,,7.1,24.1,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,Purbeck,Winfrith Newburgh,SY8085,From finder,50.66432336,-2.28434114,DOR-A09E8A,,A09E8A.jpg,Bronze Age spear tip,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/A09E8A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/565105.jpg
780298,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-100,"
A square-sectioned Bronze Age to Iron Age copper-alloy awl. Both ends are bent.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.51,,,3.63,57.48,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Micheldever,SU5540,GPS (from the finder),51.15661878,-1.21493163,SUR-DD84FE,,16307.jpg,Bronze Age or Iron Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/16307.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568422.jpg
780319,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A small worn fragment of a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy spearhead.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.26,,,8.09,13.71,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Amesbury,SU1642,GPS (from the finder),51.17701467,-1.77249601,SUR-DE2186,,16318.jpg,Bronze Age: Spearhead,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/16318.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568438.jpg
780686,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy Late Bronze Age spearhead (c.900-c.800 BC), missing a fragment from the rim of its socket. The spearhead has a flame-shaped blade with a stepped, bevelled edge cast into the blade. It has two cast peg holes through the centre of its socket which is conical. As the socket tapers, it forms the midrib.



The rim of the socket is broken; an old break, possibly caused by the 'ritual killing' of the spear (a common practice in the Bronze Age). The edge of the blade has suffered some erosion and there is a small dent in the midrib, but otherwise the spearhead is in perfect condition. It has a smooth, shiny, dark green patina. There is no evidence on the object to suggest that spear was used prior to deposition.



The shape of the spearhead fits into Richard Davis' Class 11a (2015) and dates to the period c.1100-c.800 BC. However, this type of spearhead arrived later in Nottinghamshire and is more likely to date to c.900-c.800 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by a museum - not a Treasure case,Metal detector,2015-12-01T00:00:00Z,2016-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,112.21,,,26.3,172,1,Alastair Willis,Alastair Willis,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Rufford,SK6362,Generated from computer mapping software,53.15142036,-1.05941975,DENO-F70BF6,,DENOF70BF6.jpg,Late Bronze Age Spearhead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENOF70BF6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/565017.jpg
780726,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"The tip of the blade of a Bronze Age copper-alloy spearhead with a pronounced central ridge. Probably dating from the later Middle Bronze Age or the Late Bronze Age, that is c. 1200-800BC. The end of the socket appears at the break and is 7mm deep.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,10.05,,,8.65,38.38,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Aldworth,SU5481,From a paper map,51.52534027,-1.22302357,SUR-F7C193,,16369.jpg,Bronze Age: Spear,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/16369.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568182.jpg
780755,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A very worn blade fragment, 15mm long by 17mm wide, from a Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy sword, possibly a rapier.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-27T00:00:00Z,,,,3.58,,,3.98,14.75,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Minster Lovell,SP3009,From a paper map,51.77886767,-1.56655767,SUR-F8335E,,16379.jpg,Bronze age: Sword,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/16379.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568188.jpg
781106,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, dating 1,000-800BC. The blade end is all that remains and is damaged along the edge. A trace of the hollow nature of the object is visible at the break. The metal is a dark brown colour with patches of mid-green patina developing in places. 



Dimensions: length: 29.50 mm; width: 29.61 mm; thickness: 10.19 mm; weight: 16.07g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.07,,,10.19,29.5,1,B. Paites,B. Paites,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Sandon,TL7603,From finder,51.69814845,0.54533525,ESS-1E9061,,ESS1E9061socketedaxe.jpg,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, dating 1,000-800BC.",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESS1E9061socketedaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/564970.jpg
781349,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment from a Bronze Age socketed axehead dating to c.1000-800 BC. The fragment comprises a section of the rim of the axe, 16.98mm at its widest, 4.22mm at its narrowest. The rim is flat and narrows towards the body of the axe, starting with a maximum thickness of 5.13mm, tapering down to 1.76mm. The fragment is comprised of two ridges, one is much larger than the other. The patina is a dark green throughout.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.36,,,5.13,21.04,1,Fiona Johnstone,Fiona Johnstone,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Pewsey,SU1757,,51.31186269,-1.75748337,WILT-3398C4,,WILT3398C4.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT3398C4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/569085.jpg
781882,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-750,"Fragment of a cast bronze (copper alloy) socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date (1000 - 750 BC). The fragment comprises part of the blad and part of the socket is visible. The length is 26mm, the width is 14mm thickness 8mm and the weight 5.57g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-12T00:00:00Z,2016-01-12T00:00:00Z,,,5.57,,,8,26,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Driffield,SE9957,From finder,53.99955279,-0.49118889,LANCUM-8BB5A7,,LANCUM8BB5A7.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM8BB5A7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/565364.jpg
781971,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed spearhead (1150 - 800BC). This object is in two pieces, found at different times. The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade remaing on one side and a pronounced hollow mid-rib extending to the broken tip. The remaining edges of the blade are bevelled. The socket is circular. The mouth of the socket is damaged at one side.  There are remnant s of side loops on both sides of the lower part of the socketed end. There is a large irregular hole on side of the lower part of the socketed end.



Date: Late Bronze Age - 1000 BC - 800 BC

Dimensions: 139.68 mmx x 22.04 mm x 25.35 mm. Thickness of wall - 2.29 mm
Weight: 85.67 g



A silmilar spear is recorded in database record DOR-FD69C8.



There is a difference in the surface colour and condition between the two pieces resulting from surface treatment of the lower section by the finder.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,85.67,,,25.35,139.68,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Portesham,SY6386,From finder,50.67248022,-2.52496504,DOR-9A6EE6,,9A6EE6.jpg,Bronze Age spear,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/9A6EE6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/566145.jpg
782914,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A complete cast copper alloy flanged (developed) flat axe of later Early Bronze Age date. The axehead is broadly sub rectangular in plan with a splayed crescentic blade which tapers to a thin edge. Along the length of the axe are raised flanges and between them and nearly central is a very faint stop ridge. The flanges are bevelled both above and below the main body of the axe and may have been hammered. The butt end is narrowed and rounded and also tapers to a thin edge. Copper alloy corrosion is more prevalent on one side of the axe with the opposing surface having almost none; this would be as a result of the depositional environment.



The axe appears to be from the Arreton phase of metalworking (stage V), which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-05-09T23:00:00Z,,,,183,,,14.9,99.2,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Lambourn,SU3482,From a paper map,51.53588568,-1.51119771,BERK-0A0DD7,,2015790.jpg,Bronze Age axehead: Developed flat axe,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2015790.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/566375.jpg
783810,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1500,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age period, dating from c. 2000-1500 BC.



The flat axe is broadly triangular in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. In cross section the axe is a stunted H shape. The butt is relatively thin and appears to have a rounded top, however this has been heavily damaged; the width at the butt is 14.8 mm (thickness: 4.46 mm). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to above the blade where the sides splay to form the blade. However, the axe is thickest at the mid point (11.03 mm). The sides of the axe have a raised ridge on the outside edge of the obverse and the reverse, with a concave dip (or septum) in the centre. There also appears to be a stop ridge or proto-stop ridge at the mid point of the axe. The sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge with an abraded width of 39.7 mm. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through either abrasion or wear, as has the blade edge itself. A distinct blade facet is not present. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on any surface of the axe. Casting 'flaws' or air bubbles are present over most of the surface of the flat axehead. The axe is a mid to dark brown in colour colour, with lighter brown colours on the surface, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



The axe measures 89.51 mm in length, maximum width at the blade is 39.7 mm, width at the butt is 14.8 mm and it has a maximum thickness of 11.03 mm (Thickness of blade: 4.5 mm, thickness of butt: 4.46 mm). It weighs 86.7 grams.



The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to Aylesford Type (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, 60 - 61). These are the earliest of the 'developed' flat axes, and have been found along side Migdale type axes, which would suggest a similar date. These axes fit within metalworking stage IV, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL. BC. This axe is very similar to those identified as Type Aylesford (Burgess and Schmidt: plate 26B, no 310a).



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.60-61 (also Plate 26B no 310a).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-31T23:00:00Z,2015-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,86.7,,,11.03,89.51,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Barton-under-Needwood,SK1918,Generated from computer mapping software,52.75927618,-1.71989519,WMID-5DEA89,,WMID5DEA89.jpg,"Early Bronze Age: Flat Axehead (Type Aylesford, Early developed axehead)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID5DEA89.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/566711.jpg
783847,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Dispersed late Bronze Age hoard of copper-alloy objects, consisting of:



1. Socketed axehead. Slightly miscast sub-rectangular mouth with a prominent moulding above a shallow moulding, D-sectioned side loop, rectangular-sectioned body flaring slightly to the curved cutting edge which has slight but probably not very ancient damage. Cast decoration in the form of six vertical lines terminating in pellets on each face. Casting seam more prominent on the loop and near the mount. Fragments of organic material, probably wood, survive in the socket. Length 116mm. Mouth 40 x 41mm. Cutting edge 47mm. Weight 306g.



2. Socketed axehead. Miscast rectangular mouth with prominent upper and shallow lower moulding, oval-sectioned side loop, the hexagonal-sectioned body almost straight sided before expanding suddenly to form the crescentic cutting edge which has corroded damage. The casting seam is prominent on each side, and narrow well defined ribs define the edge of either face. Length 97mm. Mouth 39 x 36mm. Cutting edge 54mm. Weight 229g.



3. Socketed axehead. Sub-rectangular mouth with prominent upper and narrower lower moulding, shallow D-sectioned loop, the rectangular-sectioned body flaring to form the curved cutting edge which is damaged and corroded. Linear wing ornament with a central pellet on each face. Part of the mouth is missing, the breaks ancient and corroded. Parts of the surface have a smooth black patina. Length 92mm. Mouth 40 x 38mm. Cutting edge 49mm. Weight 248g.



4. Socketed axehead. Sub-rectangular mouth with prominent upper and narrower lower moulding, shallow D-sectioned loop, the rectangular-sectioned body straight sided before flaring to form the curved cutting edge. Prominent casting seam on each side. Spotty corrosion overall, especially around the slightly damaged blade, with parts of the surface patinated to a smooth black. There is wood preserved inside the socket. Length 92mm. Mouth 37 x 40mm. Cutting edge at least 47mm. Weight 254g.



5. Socketed axehead. Sub-rectangular mouth with prominent upper and very shallow lower moulding, oval-sectioned loop, the rectangular body flaring to form the curved cutting edge which is only slightly damaged. Prominent casting seam on both sides. Fragment of probable axehead (no. 6) in socket. Length 80mm. Mouth 33 x 35mm. Cutting edge 38mm. Combined weight of no.5 and no.6 158.2g.



6. Fragment, probably of the mouth and loop of a socketed axehead, jammed into the socket of no.5.



7. Lower part of a socketed axehead. Mouth and loop missing, rectangular-sectioned body with casting seams on either side, flaring for the curved and corroded cutting edge. Surviving length 59mm. Cutting edge 50mm. Weight 141.5g.



8. Fragment of miscast or incomplete casting of a socketed axehead. Rectangular-sectioned, the upper edge irregular but smooth and unbroken with only the very end of the socket, expanding slightly towards the unfinished blade, with prominent casting seams on either side and along the edge of the blade. Length 39mm. Cutting edge 38mm. Weight 80.9g.



9. Fragment of palstave axehead. Rectangular-sectioned, blunt butt end only, with a crisp and uncorroded transverse break shortly after the start of the side flanges. Measuring at least length 50 x width 26 x thickness at break 22mm. Weight 108.0g.



10. Socketed axehead. Rectangular-sectioned mouth with prominent upper and shallow lower moulding, oval-sectioned loop, well defined casting seams on either side. The surviving part of the body is straight sided, with the mouth and most of the body on one side missing, with multiple hammer marks on both faces before a transverse break. The lower part of the axe is missing. Breaks ancient and corroded. Surviving measurements length 50mm. Mouth 38 x at least 25mm. Jammed into the socket and protruding from both ends is a socketed chisel (no.11).



11. Socketed chisel jammed into the socket of axehead no.10. Circular-sectioned socket with very slightly flared mouth, becoming rectangular-sectioned below the socket and tapering slightly before an ancient transverse break across the tip. Diameter of mouth 20mm, internal diameter 14mm. Surviving length 103mm. Combined weight of no.10 and no.11 148.8g.



12. Socketed knife. Oval, waisted socket broken across two opposed holes, elliptical-sectioned blade with bevelled edges narrowing immediately after the socket, then straight sided before tapering to a corroded and broken tip. The socket is incomplete and now in two joining pieces. Socket at mouth 24 x 15mm. Length of socket 45mm. Length of blade 114mm. Weight 69.4g.



13. Fragment of sword blade. Broken at both ends, slightly wider at one end than the other, elliptical-section with bevelled edges. Slightly bent. Breaks ancient. Surviving length 37mm. maximum surviving width 35mm. Weight 33.4g.



14. Fragment of sword blade. Broken at both ends, parallel sided, elliptical-section with bevelled edges. Slightly bent. Breaks ancient. Surviving length 88mm. Width 37mm. Weight 107.0g. Possibly no.13 and no.14 are non-joining fragments of the same object.



15. Socketed spear head. Bevelled, leaf-shaped blade, very slight damage to the tip, two opposed holes in the circular socket. There is a large fragment of wood preserved in the socket. Length 104mm. Diameter of socket 24mm. Maximum width of blade 28mm. Length of blade 76mm. Weight 72.8g.



16. Socketed spear head. Bevelled, leaf-shaped blade with most of the edge damaged, two opposed holes in the circular socket. One face is corroded powdery green with a casting flaw or break leaving a corroded hole in the lower part of the socket, the other face almost unpatinated with a dull brassy coloured surface. Length 85mm. Diameter of socket 22mm. Maximum width of blade 26mm. Length of blade 64mm. Weight 46.6g.



17. Socketed spear head. Bevelled, leaf-shaped blade with ogival outline, the socket squashed and partially missing with one surviving hole, slight damage to the tip. The breaks are ancient and the damage to the socket could be deliberate. Length 154mm. Diameter of socket at least 26mm. Maximum width of blade 34mm. Length of blade 112mm. Weight 96.9g.



18. Socketed spear head. Leaf-shaped blade, the bevelled edges almost completely missing, irregular transverse break across socket at upper end of blade. Surviving length 74mm. Surviving width 27mm. Weight 28.4g.



19. Socketed spearhead, incomplete and in two joining parts. Leaf-shaped bevelled blade with ogival outline, irregular transverse break across the upper part of the blade, half the upper blade and socket missing, one hole in the surviving part of the socket. The mouth is decorated externally with a four ribbed moulding around the mouth and two triple ribbed mouldings below. The breaks are not very recent but appear granular and fairly crisp. Length 130mm. Original diameter of socket circa 25mm. Maximum width of blade (reconstructed) 33mm. Weight 49.7g.



20. Fragment of socketed spear head, probably leaf-shaped bevelled blade, now broken at both ends, the socket squashed on one side, the breaks ancient. Surviving length 53mm. Surviving width 41.5mm. Inserted into the broken socket is no.21.



21. Fragment of socketed axehead inserted into the socket of no.20. Prominent moulding at the mouth, broken at the lower edge. Combined weight of no.20 and no.21 50.2g.



22. Fragment, probably from the socket of a socketed spear head. Part of the edge of the mouth survives, all other edges broken, with cut marks and possible hammer marks on the outer face. Broken across one hole. Surviving length 56mm. Weight 15.9g.



23. Fragment of socket of spearhead or knife. Part of the original edge at the mouth and one surviving hole, the other edges broken and corroded. Surviving length 30mm. Weight 7.2g.



24. Fragment with no original edge and very shallow elliptical section. Possibly part of a blade. Measuring at least 24 x 21mm. Weight 3.2g .



25. Distorted fragment with no certain original edge, broken across two holes. Thickening from one end to the other. Measuring at least 20 x 22mm. Maximum thickness 3mm. Weight 3.2g.



26. Flat-sectioned fragment with no original edge, possibly broken across a circular hole. Measuring 19 x 19mm, less than 1mm thick. Weight 1.4g.



27. Ring. Undecorated, very worn in places, the section varies from D-shaped to oval. External diameter 37.5mm. Internal diameter 27mm. Width 5mm. Weight 16.2g.



28. Fragment of cast cylindrical staple or handle lug from a vessel. No original edge, curved, with seven surviving ribs on the outer face and a short plain section before the break. Traces of possible solder survive on the inner face. Measuring at least 42 x 26mm. Weight 12.0g.



29. Pole cap. Disc with a large central pellet surrounded by 9 concentric grooves on the upper face, with a rounded rib forming a lip around the upper edge. The integral flat-sectioned sides are at right-angles to the disc forming a recess on the reverse. External diameter 35mm. Internal diameter 31mm. Height at edge 6mm. Depth of recess 5mm. Weight 11.6g.



Discussion: The hoard contains a mixture of deliberately broken and miscast objects, as well as some apparently undamaged in antiquity. Two similar objects to no.29 were recovered as part of a Late Bronze Age hoard in Norfolk (nos. 17 and 18 from HER 36176). The total weight of these 29 objects is 2289.5g.



Addendum 3rd October 2016:



Seven additional objects were discovered by the same finder between 10/08/2016 and 14/09/2016. They are as follows:



30. “Bugle-shaped” object. Probable strap or harness fitting. Hollow tubular body with expanded terminals at either end. There is a narrow elongated slot on one side of the body. 21.1mm long and 5.5mm wide on one side of the body. On the opposite side of the body is a side loop, oval in section. There is a shallow groove on the body surrounding the loop. The surface has a silvery patina indicative of a high tin content. Length: 60.6mm; diameter: 11.6mm; weight: 25.8g.



31. Fragment of miscast object, possibly a palstave or chisel. Rectangular-sectioned with an old break at one end. The other end, possibly the blade end is expanded and possibly miscast. Deep cut mark across the blade end on one face and across the butt end on the other face. Length: 35.1mm; width: 28.4mm; thickness: 9.6mm, weight: 44.6g.



32. Fragment of flat-sectioned object, with on slightly curved edge. Possibly a fragment of a socketed axehead. 32.5x30.6mm. Thickness: 2.6mm. Weight: 14.5g.



33. Fragment of a sword, rapier or dirk blade. Ancient break at either end. Lenticular-sectioned with bevelled edges. Length: 15.2mm; width: 29.6mm; thickness: 6.3mm; weight: 12.6g.



34. Casting waste. D-shaped. Slightly dished, with the remains of the sprue projecting from one side. One face is relatively smooth, the other is pitted. 62mmx44mm. Thickness: 8.2mm. Weight: [does not appear to have been recorded]



35. Casting waste. Irregularly shaped. Slightly dished. One face is relatively smooth, the other is pitted. 54.9mmx34.6mm. Thickness: 10.6mm. Weight: 54.4g.



36. Penannular ring. Crushed and distorted gold lock-ring. Triangular in section and formed from three strips of sheet gold. One of the strips is undecorated. The other two faces are composed of a series of twisted gold wires fused, or possibly soldered together. Length: 36.1mm; width: 11.4mm; thickness: 4.5mm; weight: 2.7g.



Discussion: A similar object to no. 30 was recovered as part of the Late Bronze Age Eaton Hoard.","Update: a further socketed axehead was recovered from the same area in January 2018 and reported as 2018T593 (NMS-D74E8B). This was joined by seven further fragments found in November 2018 to give a total of eight items in 2018T593.



In 2022 it was realised that two more fragments of socketed axe (found October 2016) were also part of this hoard, and they have been recorded at NMS-141277 (Treasure number to come).",4,Copper alloy,Gold,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2016-03-10T00:00:00Z,2016-03-11T00:00:00Z,2016T470,,2289.5,,,,,36,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Barton Turf,TG3322,,52.74536424,1.45063533,NMS-6DAFAC,,60464_6DAFAC_BA_Hoard_1.jpg,Bronze Age axe head. Object 1.,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edarch/60464_6DAFAC_BA_Hoard_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/569841.jpg
783921,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1300,1000,"A Middle Bronze Age (Ornament Horizon) hoard comprising two twisted torcs and two bracelets. Neither the two torcs nor the two bracelets form matching pairs although the pairs are similar in size and form. The hoard includes two torcs of a similar form but with the main difference between them being the number of the ridges formed by twisting (Torc 1 has 43 ridges while Torc 2 has 77 ridges). The two bracelets are significantly different in colour which presumably suggests different alloys. Bracelet 1 is more extensively decorated that Bracelet 2.

The hoard was removed from the ground by the finder who reports that at a depth of two feet one torc was found with one bracelet centred within it. About two inches below this lay the other torc and bracelet similarly positioned.




Torcs

Torc 1. A twisted torc with hooked terminals and with 43 ridges formed by twisting. This torc measures 180mm across and is 10.2mm thick at its widest point. It weighs 143g. Of the two hooked terminals one is now missing (a length of about 25mm), though the break appears fresh, and the other is now detached by a break 67mm along the circumference of the torc.

Torc 2. A twisted torc with holed terminals and with 77 ridges formed by twisting. This torc measures 187mm across and is 11mm thick at its widest point. It weighs 165g. The torc is intact and complete apart from the extreme tip of one of the hooked terminals.




Bracelets

Bracelet 1. An annular bracelet weighing 224g and measuring c.87mm in diameter. The bracelet is c.12mm thick and has a narrow irregular sinuous casting groove around its outer face. This bracelet is heavily decorated with narrow incised lines. On both sides there is a band of herring bone decoration which runs centrally around the circumference. This band is interrupted by three pairs of groups of closely-spaced transverse lines which are confined to 180 degrees of the circle. Between each outer pair is a transverse band of herring bone lines, while between the central pair is a band of lines running at 90 degrees to the transverse lines. The remaining external circumference is filled with groups of closely-spaced diagonal lines which alternate in direction.

The interior face of this bracelet is plain.



Bracelet 2. An annular bracelet weighing 216g and measuring c.84mm in diameter. The bracelet is c.10.2mm thick and has a deep and irregular sinuous casting groove around its inner face and a much narrower irregular groove on its outer face. There is an area of surface loss on one side. The section is less circular than Bracelet 1 and has a flatter inner face. Decoration is confined to a central band of herring bone lines on both sides. This is interrupted at one point only by a transverse band of 17 incised lines.



Discussion: This prehistoric base metal hoard comprises more than one object and therefore should be considered Treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act 1996 (as amended in 2002).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-05-13T23:00:00Z,,2016T402,,,,,,,4,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Buriton,SU7621,GPS (from the finder),50.98339915,-0.91868822,SUR-9A711C,,DSC01191.JPG,Bronze Age: Hoard,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSC01191.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/567947.jpg
784131,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 BC. Only the tip of the spear remains which is triangular in plan and lozenge in section with mid-ribs. The tip of the hollow socket can be seen and is approximately 10.1mm in depth.



An insufficient portion of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed, though it is probably comparable with the range of spearheads in Davis Groups 6-11.



The metal gas a mid-green patina and is worn. The spear is 32.1mm long, 15mm wide, 6.9mm thick and weighs 7.9g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.9,,,6.9,32.1,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,South Milford,SE4831,GPS (from the finder),53.77313458,-1.27317958,YORYM-AFF4DB,,PS0581.jpg,Bronze Age : Spear,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/PS0581.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/567314.jpg
784223,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, with a sharp flaring cutting edge and part of the rectangular socket. Traces of hammer marks on both faces. Irregular, granular but patinated and probably ancient break. Extant length 29mm. Width of cutting edge 53mm. Weight 45.38g. c.1000 - c.701BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-03-30T23:00:00Z,2016-04-26T23:00:00Z,,,45.38,,,,29,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Yaxham,TG0111,,52.65944889,0.97056394,NMS-B1FDD9,,60244_B1FDD9_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60244_B1FDD9_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156082.jpg
784257,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1750,"Copper alloy developed flat axe of miniature form or possibly a chisel of early Bronze age date (2050- 1750 BC). The axe is possibly of Type Bandon, Variant Swinton but it is smaller that so far known examples. The object resembles a miniature version of the earliest and simplest solid cast copper alloy axe-heads. The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan with a narrow sub-rounded butt and parallel slightly tapering sides which expand to the cutting edge. The cutting edge is slightly convex (bowed). In profile and cross section the axehead is lentoid. The patina has broken away leaving a red-brown corroded and pitted surface.



Miniature flat axes such as this tends to fit in the chronology at the very end of the early Bronze Age when developed axes are starting out. It is likely that this example is dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II-III), of metalworking tradition phase IV-V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2050 - 1700 CAL. BC.



The length is 80mm, the width is 20mm and the thickness 17mm.



The axe is of a diminutive size, if it is a Type Bandon, Variant Swinton and it remains unclear whether the axe had a practical purpose or was votive. It is possible that the 'axe' may have been used for delicate tasks, perhaps similar to a chisel. Axes of this size and form are difficult to parallel, Schmidt & Burgess (1981) catalogue a number of small developed flat axes as Variant Swinton (p 67-8, nos. 375-380) but all examples are between 87mm and 92mm in length. Although this example is smaller it may have been used for a similar function.



Schmidt, P.K., 1981 The Axes of Scotland and Northern England Munich : Prahistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung , 67-68 ,",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-05-13T23:00:00Z,2016-05-13T23:00:00Z,,,1,,,17,80,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD7440,From finder,53.85557061,-2.39675242,LANCUM-B28EB0,,LANCUMB28EB0.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMB28EB0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/566976.jpg
784553,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Neolithic,BRONZE AGE,-2450,-2200,"A Copper Alloy Early Bronze Age flat axehead, dating to 2400-2200BC, of Halberton Type or Nedham type 2D.



The axehead is trapezoidal in shape with the broad butt being at the narrowest end then the blade gradually widens to a flared cutting edge. The axe had a lenticular cross-section with cut off corners and the casting seams have been removed.



The axehead is 110.3mm long, 58.4mm wide, 12.2mm thick and weighs 320 grams.



This axehead appears to be of a broad butt type but with minimal flaring of the blade this likely places it amongst Needham's (2017) type 2d",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,320,,,12.2,110.3,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Ashford,North Willesborough,TR0243,Generated from computer mapping software,51.15060001,0.88689429,KENT-D7B811,,KENTD7B811b.jpg,Flat Axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTD7B811b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1104195.jpg
784563,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A copper alloy Palstave, probably of the Taunton metalwork style dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1400 BC - 1250 BC). The object has been broken in to two peices by an old break as has the butt. The palstave is unlooped with narrow flanges fused to the stop ridge. The width at the butt is 19.2mm. The flanges start to rise gradually from the butt and a parallel in height to the septum. The stop ridge is plain and no decoration on the blade. The blade widens in width forming triangular tips. The blade is broken by an old break before the cresentric cutting edge; it is 48.7mm wide at its widest point. The surface is worn and pitted, revealing small patches of a smooth dark green patina, particularly on the blade. Together the two parts of the palstave together measure 141.19mm long and weighs 300 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,300,,,,141.1,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Ashford,Mersham,TR0540,Generated from computer mapping software,51.12259338,0.92802405,KENT-D87B9B,,KENTD87B9B.jpg,KENT-D87B9B,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENTD87B9B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/567361.jpg
784975,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-600,"
A large part of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy tanged knife. The point of the knife and a large part of the blade are missing and the blade has been bent at the break. The blade flares sharply outwards where it joins the tang which has a single rivet hole. The tang retains casting seams.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.26,,,3.27,47.61,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,West Ilsley,SU4784,GPS (from the finder),51.55293717,-1.32351557,SUR-027FDC,,B16282.jpg,Bronze Age: Tanged knife,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16282.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/571014.jpg
785159,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A complete cast copper-alloy middle Bronze Age c.1400-1150BC Quoit headed pin. The pin consists of a large ovoid head, which is slightly pointed where the shank of the pin begins, the shank only remains as a stub which is fairly heavily bent. The band of the ring and the shank are flat and have very fine incised decoration along the edges. The pin is mottled various shades of green in some places but is dominated by a dull grey-brown colour, except along the shank y where it has relatively recently broken where it is light copper.



Measurements: 53.01mm wide, 48.12mm long, 13.89mm thick (due to the shank being bent upwards), band 1.65mm thick and 4.98g.","These pins are thought to be continental imports and are relatively rare finds,



Similar examples on thePAS database @:NLM-15CFB4 and the example in Wylye hoard WILT-038191 



A complete similar example is seen from :Kingsmead Quarry, Horton, Berkshire. Excavated by Wessex Archaeology",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,1.65,48.12,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,East Sussex,Rother,Iden,TQ9324,Generated from computer mapping software,50.98305038,0.74824083,KENT-2E280D,,KENT2E280D.jpg,A probable middle Bronze Age Quoit headed pin,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT2E280D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/567768.jpg
785246,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1050,-950,"An incomplete copper alloy (bronze) palstave axe with side loop of the Bronze Age period, dating from c. BC 1050 - c. BC 950.



The blade of the palstave is sub-oval or tongue shaped in plan. The cutting edge measures 34 mm in width and is 6.7 mm thick. The blade is blunt and has been heavily damaged, no cutting edge is visible. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The object measures 27.4 mm in width and 28.4 mm thick at the stop ridge. Below the stop ridge the axe has been decorated with two diagonal raised ridges or ribs, forming a triangle, with a vertical ridge in between, on one face of the object. The opposite face, shows evidence of similar decoration below the stop ridge and evidence of a raised mid rib in the centre of the axe.



The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is broadly rectangular in plan and broadly triangular in profile, in section it appears as a squashed (or stunted) H shape. The butt of the axe has been damaged and is incomplete. The butt end measures 24.3 mm in width and is 5.9 mm thick. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is a broad U shape and measures 61.9 mm in length. The septum is 5.8 mm deep at the stop ridge and the sides have a depth of 3.7 mm. The flanges may have been misscast or more likely have been lost due to abrasion. The remaining edge is rough and undulating. The side loop measures 27.8 mm in length externally and is 8.6 mm in length internally. It is oval in plan and the arms are broadly circular in section.The loop is situated with one arm level with the stop ridge and the other below. There are no visible casting seems.



The object measures 134.8 mm in length, is 34.4 mm wide.It has a maximum thickness of 28.3 mm and weighs 327.9 g.



The object is a mid brown to green in colour and has an uneven patina. There is evidence of bright green copper corrosion on the surface of the axehead.On the front of the object, on the right are traces of the original gold coloured patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail.



This object is similar to the Type Nettleham axeheads illustrated in Scmidt and Burgess, (1981), plate 67, no 930, which fits with Wilburton and Penard assemblages of the Middle and Late Bronze Age and fits with Needham Period 5-6 Metalworking Assemblage X, dating it to the period BC 1050 - BC 950. Marking a transition between palstaves and socketed axeheads. Other examples have been recorded on the database including LVPL-AB829B.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-11-01T00:00:00Z,2015-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,327.9,,,28.3,134.8,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Eccleshall,SJ7733,From finder,52.89395078,-2.34331706,WMID-306462,,WMID306462.jpg,MIddle to Late Bronze Age: Type Nettleham Palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID306462.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568303.jpg
785660,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,"
A worn fragment of a Bronze Age copper-alloy probable sword blade. The fragment appears to be tapering towards the tip of the sword.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.23,,,3.82,29.29,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,GPS (from the finder),51.54292534,-1.16504412,-SUR 463091.00,,B16381.jpg,Bronze age: Sword blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16381.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/570639.jpg
785784,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-701,"Late Middle Bronze Age or Late Bronze Age tanged knife in two fragments with much of the upper parts of the cutting edges missing. The larger piece was found in September 2011 and details were entered into the HER. The tip, recovered in March 2016, was recorded as part of Middle Bronze Age rapier. In October 2016 the finder of both demonstrated that the two were parts of the same object. The object is quite closely paralleled by examples from the Norwich Eaton I hoard (Norwich Castle Museum 1977, 33-4, fig. 70) and the Bath Monkswood hoard (Inventaria Archaeologica (1959) GB 42, nos. 20-1). Extant length and width 110.5 and 22mm. Thickness 1.7mm. Weight of tip only 5.32g. c.1100 - c.700 BC.



Field T3",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-08-31T23:00:00Z,2016-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,1.7,110.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Tacolneston,TM1494,Centred on field,52.50188446,1.1515025,NMS-4907BC,,33431_4907BC_MBALBA_Knife_1_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age tanged knife,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/33431_4907BC_MBALBA_Knife_1_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156223.jpg
785872,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1200,"An incomplete copper alloy Low Flanged Palstave Type axehead probably of the Middle Bronze Age period, dating to c. BC 1300 - c. BC 1200



The blade of the palstave is broadly rectangular in plan with convex expanding sides and a convex blade edge. The cutting edge has been lost and the blade has been damaged extensively. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The blade has a width at the blade edge of 40.5 mm. The thickness of the blade tip is 5.14 mm. The maximum thickness of the blade is 19.7 mm (measured at a point below the stop ridge; the width at this point is 28.32 mm). Beneath the stop-ridge, on the front side of the palstave, is what appears to be a tapering central faceted rib. This rib is incomplete as much of the patina has been lost. The convex cutting edge of the blade is lost through corrosion, abrasion and probably wear. The exposed edge is asymmetric with one side of the blade being more worn than the other. This may be due to considerable movement in the ploughsoil and corrosion. 

The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part behind the stop ridge. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is 4.30 mm deep at the stop ridge and the flange facets are approximately 3.13 mm deep, and is an elongated U shape in plan. The butt of the axe has been damaged and is incomplete. The width at the butt is 24.12 mm, the butt has a thickness of 5.84 mm. The flange facets are fused to the stop ridge forming two raised elements to haft the axe by. The facets on each side of the axe differ from one another. However, both faces of the axe have been severly damaged by abrasion and corrosion which renders comparison between the two faces difficult. The flange facets on both sides have been severly damaged, the edges are incomplete. 



The palstave measures 123.3 mm in length and has a width of 31.3 mm. It has a maximum thickness of 20.1 mm and weighs 297.7 g.



The palstave is a light - mid green colour with areas of thick well formed patina and exposed areas of abraded metal. It is likely that abrasion and corrosion has spread and affected over 75% of the surface of the axe. This corrosion seems to be relatively unstable at present and areas of light green active powdery corrosion can be observed. The majority of the abrasion present on the palstave is located on one face. There is an area of the original gold coloured patina on the surface on the base at the right hand side of the reverse. A similar example of this type of Palstave can be seen in Schmidt and Burgess (1981) plate 58, numbers 792 - 801, and has been identified as a Low Flanged Palstave. However it is difficult to be certain of this due to the exent of the corrosion on the surface of this object. This form and style of palstave fits into Group II or III (Schmidt and Burgess, 1981) which is dated to the Middle Bronze Age 1300-1200 BC. Other similar examples have also been recorded on the database, including HESH-D05FE3 and HESH-D98157.



Reference



Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","
Renaissance wax has been applied to the surface of the object by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-12T00:00:00Z,2016-02-12T00:00:00Z,,,297.7,,,20.1,123.3,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Perton,SO8497,From finder,52.57058436,-2.23750299,WMID-57EF80,,WMID57EF80.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Low Flanged Type Palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID57EF80.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568312.jpg
786715,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A very eroded fragment of the blade of a copper-alloy sword of Bronze Age date. The blade edges are missing.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.27,,,5.93,15.81,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Waltham St. Lawrence,SU8377,From a paper map,51.48587068,-0.80603102,SUR-B2A376,,B16507.jpg,Bronze age: Sword blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16507.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/576943.jpg
786752,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2500,410,"
A Bronze Age to Roman copper-alloy casting well with a narrow central runner. The runner is circular in section.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.15,,,19.03,21.8,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5783,GPS (from the finder),51.54302702,-1.17946233,SUR-C09E92,,B16530.jpg,Bronze Age: Metal working debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16530.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/577455.jpg
786753,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,A fragment of a plano-convex sub-circular copper-alloy bun ingot of Bronze Age date. The ingot weighs 2.2g.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.2,,,30.78,56.4,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Cookham,SU8885,GPS (from the finder),51.55702962,-0.73204436,SUR-C0A997,,B16531.jpg,Bronze Age: Metal working debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16531.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/577456.jpg
786795,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed chisel, the crescentic cutting edge and the distal end of the socket (depth 6mm) with an ancient break. The cutting edge is far from blunt but the surfaces are rough, with little surviving patination. Blue patches are probably azurite. Extant length, width and thickness 23, 26.6 and 9mm. Weight 8.27g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Field JG1",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-03-01T00:00:00Z,2016-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,8.27,,,9,23,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bracon Ash,TM1799,Centred on field,52.54557945,1.1988898,NMS-C28CC3,,56983_C28CC3_LBA_ChiselFragment_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age socketed chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/56983_C28CC3_LBA_ChiselFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156073.jpg
786875,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-800,"
A blade tip fragment from a Bronze Age axe of diminutive size. The blade section is sharp with no clear evidence of use and has a gentle curve and flare to the edges. The remnant suggests a taper to the form and the depth of this fragment may indicate a flanged or socketed form of mid to late BA.



The surface is eroded and pitted with a dark green patina.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.8,,,4.52,10.4,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Blewbury,SU5386,GPS (from the finder),51.57038777,-1.2366848,BERK-D3C2E5,,BERKD3C2E5.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERKD3C2E5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568679.jpg
786881,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
A copper-alloy awl, probably Mid to Late Bronze Age in date. It consists of a simple rod which tapers from a wider 'chisel or flat' ended section, to the narrowest pointed end. Logically, the chisel end might perhaps have been inserted into a handle for a more 'twist-proof' attachment.



The awl has a mottled green patina with some ferrous staining.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3,,,,56.55,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Blewbury,SU5386,GPS (from the finder),51.57038777,-1.2366848,BERK-D3F9AE,,BERKD3F9AE.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERKD3F9AE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568681.jpg
786904,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Early to Middle Bronze Age bronze Group I, Primary Shield Pattern palstave of Acton Park Metalworking Industry and of Needham's (1996) Periods 4-5, c. 1600 - 1400BC. The axe is incomplete, but is still in a reasonably good condition, with a light brownish patina covering most of its surfaces, interspersed with areas covered by a patchy green corrosion product.



The butt is rectangular in plan and incomplete at the terminal. In section the butt has wide flanges on both sides, and a pronounced stop-ridge. Below the stop on the blade is a shallow, ribbed, shield-shaped depression, characteristic of the palstave type. The blade is incomplete, with a large portion of the blade-edge missing. 





Length: 134mm



Height at blade: 56mm



Height at haft: 23mm



Width: 32mm



Weight: 305 grams","
Record created from images supplied by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-05-21T23:00:00Z,2016-05-21T23:00:00Z,,,305,56,,,134,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Heydour,TF0037,From a paper map,52.92111665,-0.51407123,LIN-D574B4,,LIND574B4_sideA.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy palstave,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIND574B4_sideA.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568714.jpg
786938,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1100,"A fragment of a copper-alloy axehead, Palstave or Flanged Type, of the Middle Bronze Age period, dating from c. BC 1900 - BC 1100.



Only the tip of the blade and a small portion of the body of the axehead survive. No traces of a socket remain in the break of the axe, indicating that it is probably not a socketed axe from the later Bronze Age. The object is broadly D shaped in plan and rectangular in section. The blade is flares out from the sides of the object and is crescent shaped at the base. The sides of the object taper out to form a wide V shape. These both perhaps suggest that the axehead is either a flanged or palstave type. The cutting edge is highly abraded, and there is no evidence of a blade facet. The break is heavily patinated which would suggest that it is an ancient one and not the result of recent plough damage.



The incomplete axehead measures 29.3 mm long, 52.4 mm wide at the blade, and 37.7 mm wide at the broken end It has a thickness of 3.01 mm at the blade and is 9.2 mm thick at the broken end. It weighs 51.8 grams.



The object is a dark green in colour with an uneven patina. There are areas of lighter green corrosion, however it appears that the corrosion is stable. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. Other examples of fragments of this kind have been recorded on the database, including WMID-CAEA06, WMID-824953 and HESH-66F770.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-30T23:00:00Z,2016-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,51.8,,,9.2,29.3,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Eccleshall,SJ7733,From finder,52.89395078,-2.34331706,WMID-D67E95,,WMIDD67E95.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Axehead Fragment (Possible Palstave or Flanged Type),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMIDD67E95.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568718.jpg
787044,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1140,"An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy barbed-and-tanged arrowhead or razer, dating circa 1275-1140 BC.



Other than the tang, the original perimeter of the arrowhead is heavily abraded or entirely missing. The present perimeter does, however, indicate that the sides were gently curved towards the tip, rather than being straight. A v-shaped notch separates the wings from the tang. The tang is rectangular in section, and measures 4mm x 1mm. A shallow midrib is visible on one side only. The midrib extends from the tang, being of the same width, and gently tapers towards the tip. The surface of the arrowhead is mid-brown and pitted, with patches of dark brown patina.



Length: 20mm, Width: 16mm, Thickness: 1.2mm, Weight: 1.79g.



There is only one bronze arrowhead from a secure Bronze Age context in Britain and that was in the Penard hoard, first reported in Archaeologica 71, page 138. The Penard arrowhead also has a mid rib. At the time of its discovery it was a unique find in Britain and was presumed to be an import as there are numerous finds of bronze arrowheads recorded from Northern France.



However, thanks to an increase in the number of reported metal detected finds, Bronze Age bronze arrowheads are now growing in number, though they remain a rare group of artefact. Dr Colin Pendleton reports that Suffolk has 17 known examples, of which 5 can be termed barbed and tanged. Norfolk has at least 4 recorded and more examples are being added to the database from around the country. This suggests that bronze arrowheads were also a British tradition.



Though the barbed and tanged form was used in flint from the Early Bronze Age to the Middle Bronze Age, the evidence from Penard, which dates from 1275-1140 BC, suggests that copper alloy arrowheads did not come into fashion until later in the Middle Bronze Age. Therefore this is the suggested date range for this arrowhead.



A similar arrowhead albeit with a mid rib rather than a mid ridge is WILT-6B6CD4. Also ESS-A41D75 is similar but only has a mid ridge on one side.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.79,,,1.2,20,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Thorney,SK8572,From a paper map,53.23823588,-0.7278748,LIN-D95544,,Arrowhead.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy arrowhead,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/Arrowhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568747.jpg
787086,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,-1000,"A hoard of 929 fragments of copper-alloy plate and their container of likely Late Bronze Age date, c. 1150 - 800BC, possibly of the Wilburton phase (c.1150-1000BC).



Description: The hoard consists of 929 fragments of copper-alloy 'plate'. These pieces range in size from 9mm x 6mm to 58mm x 41mm and are highly irregular. No element can clearly be identifed as coming from either a bun ingot, typical of the period or clearly definet object types. It is noted however that all the fragments are small enough to easily be added to a crucible for remelting. While most of the edges of the fragments appear to be breaks or relatively rough some 'natural' rounded edges are noted, likely from their inital produciton and thus suggest an orignal shape/size. All Fragments are patinated green and a number have fused together. The fragment sin total weighed 12559g.



These fragments were contianed within a medium sized hand made ceramic vessel, missing the rim and upper body (possibly because of plough truncation) and of an unidentified Bronze Age type. The ceramic fabric is of a silty-sandy matrix, with a fair fine flint temper and some larger sparser inclusions of irregular quartzite. The surface appears to have been finished in some manner reflecting possible smoothing on the inside. The upper section of the vessel appear to be relativelly thin and thickens substantial to the base. The diameter of the body of the pot is suggestee to be 210mm and survies to a height of 160mm.



Discussion:



The plates found at Preston show some similarities to another hoard recorded in Kent, the 2012 treasure case report and excavation at Lyminge (2012 T164). At Lyminge, amongst other LBA/Early Iron Age a total of around 380 copper alloy 'ingot plates' were found. Although at the time they lacked a parallel both in the immediate area and in continental Europe, we can note clear similarities between this hoard found at Preston and the case found at Lyminge. In both examples the plates appear in large numbers, they are of varying form and are suggestive of fracture or fragmentation as opposed to neat cutting. They are visually similar although the Lyminge pieces appear to be generally larger.



In regards the Lyminge hoard, the lack of similarity to existing forms of Bronze Age metalwork, differences in composition and the difficulty of dating the plates led to questioning of the Bronze Age date ultimately given. The secure placement of copper alloy pieces in a Bronze Age vessel at Preston strongly supports the assessment that these pieces reflect a Bronze Age date and use, possibly the same as that at Preston. Although no complete vessels were found at Lyminge, there were numerous pottery sherds likely contemporaneous with the plates. It is possible although not certain that the pieces may have been stored in these vessels as is the case at Preston.



While Lyminge is the most direct comparison we can draw to this hoard, there are several other sites which may possess similar examples of plate scrap, albeit in more limited forms and on a smaller scale. A treasure case (2014 T60) found near Bramfield in Suffolk for example possessed 28 copper-alloy fragments of plate-scrap 'ingot' of ""varying size and thickness"". While the pieces are identified as ingot fragments in the report, we can note far more similarity to the smaller pieces of plate found in this treasure case. The pieces of alloy are smaller than many ingots (all below 50mm) but are also crucially far thinner with depth generally between 2 and 5mm. The rectangular shape present on most of the pieces is also arguably similar to the treasure case in question. Similarly a treasure case hoard (2008T589) found at Broxted, Essex possessed a large and homogenous plate assemblage of 31 pieces. These pieces were more or less flat, they range in thickness from 2.5 to 6.3 millimetres and possessed an ""average thickness of 3.5 millimetres"". Although these plates are as a whole larger than those found in the Preston hoard and as such could show more similarity to Ingot, they still show some basic similarities. In this Essex treasure case several natural edges are present possessing curved outlines, something that can similarly be noted at the edges of the Preston hoard.



The unpublished Waldershare hoard from Dover Museum is possibly the most similar example. This hoard assemblage contained 341 fragments of bronze sword blades found in and around a flint tempered clay pot. While they have been identified as sword fragment (Weller, 2014), many of the pieces do not appear to reflect a traditional sword form and instead show similarities to the plate present in this treasure case. The presence of a vessel is also notable suggesting a connection between these two plate scrap hoards. Waldershare (Likely the general area of the hoard) is within 15 miles of both Lyminge and Preston and as such could represent links between the findspots.



Date and Wider context



The Late Bronze Age (LBA) has been generally noted as the most abundant period in terms of hoards with large numbers being deposited. Notably, very few of these assemblages in Kent contain obvious prestige items, instead the LBA as a whole contains a prevalence of ingots and cast waste (Weller, 2014). These pieces often found in founders hoards are widely interpreted as refuse material waiting to be recycled and used again (Brück, 2002). The hoards are often extremely large with hundreds of pieces not uncommon.



This case fits well into such a pattern with the size of the pieces being supportive of their use in a crucible. The identification of other treasure cases containing potential pieces of plate scrap as Wilburton can assist with our assignment of this case to the LBA period. The pieces found with LBA material such as the axe at Lyminge may further support this assessment.



The ceramic vessel as noted suggests a range of dates, in both cases the LBA is mentioned as a possibility (1150 - 800 BC) and this is possibly in keeping with other plate scrap sites. The possibility it is either MBA (1500-1150 BC) or Early Iron Age (800-600 BC) can still be noted, however.



Nearby archaeological sites of interest show a range of archaeological features within 500m of the site. Neolithic activity in the North West is present but likely unrelated to this site. Iron Age settlement activity is also present, spreading to a ring ditch, finds of early Roman pottery in this area may suggest this may be too late in date although a long occupation is possible. A multi-phase Bronze Age settlement is also present to the immediate South West of the find as well as a Late Bronze Age axe hoard found within a mile. Whether these sites are related to the hoard is unclear but they can be noted as possible parts of a wider LBA or EIA landscape (Jackson & Ahmet, 2016).



Deposition 



Some inferences can be made from the total weight of the pieces, taken together they weigh over 12kg (12.559kg) and as such are potentially too heavy to be lifted in the pot in which they were contained. The weight is possibly suggestive that the pieces have been only placed in the vessel for deposition and were not being carried in it regularly. The weight also gives us some insight into the significant amount being removed from circulation, the need to store the volume of bronze for future use may explain the deposition in a single pot. The weight of the pieces shows few obvious parallels, the site of Sittingbourne is one clear example containing 13.6kg of amorphous tin-bronze fragments.



Conclusion 



The 929 pieces of plate metal and the ceramic vessel in which they were deposited represent a single find, all or part of which appears to have been deposited in a Bronze Age ceramic vessel. The metal fragments show clear similarities to several other later prehistoric cases in the area with the potential of sharing wider metallurgical activity with the site of Lyminge. Considering this evidence, the objects described above represent a single find of more than two base metal objects of prehistoric date, and therefore qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002)","We are grateful to Nigel Macpherson-Grant for his observations and thoughts on the ceramic vessel of this hoard.



Due to the substantial nature of this hoard and time restraints a sample of the fragments are photographed and shown here. Further pictures of the fragments and the container will hopefully be forthcoming.



This hoard is known as Preston Hill Hoard 1, see KENT-729BB2 for Preston Hill hoard 2.",4,Copper alloy,Ceramic,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2016T450,,12559,,,,,930,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Dover,Preston,TR2561,Generated from computer mapping software,51.30362649,1.22651956,KENT-DA6E86,,BMfragments.jpg,Bronze age plate fragment,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/BMfragments.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615909.jpg
787099,Adze,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Middle Bronze Age bronze tool, probably an adze of Acton Park 2 or Taunton Metalworking Industries of Needham's (1996) Period 5 and probably dating to c. 1500 - 1300BC.



The axe is near-complete with peripheral damage but is heavily corroded and with a fragmentary butt (with a length of 164mm and a weight of 157.8g). The fractured butt has a rounded point and is thin (6mm wide and 2mm thick) but has suffered some erosion. The sides are moderately straight and divergent to the side protrusions or trunnions (giving the tool a width of 30.5mm). The corroded trunnions are rounded and of oval form (11mm long, 7mm wide and 3.0mm high). Below the trunnions, the sides of the blade are also straight and gently divergent before curving more sharply at the blade edge, although the blade tips are lost (with a surviving blade width of 34.5mm). The surface corrosion has mostly eradicated any casting seams, although there is the suggestion of a fettled seam on one side near the trunnion but no suggestion of a loop. The faces are of differing form, one is flanged, the other is ribbed and of chisel-like form. The flanged face has a median bevel (87mm from the blade where the adze has a thickness of 11.7mm) and short flanges, spanning the bevel (25mm long and 3.6mm high giving a maximum overall depth of 15.6mm). The blade is without any ribs and is flat across both its length and width and with no discernible blade facet. The other face is without flanges and the slightly domed curvature appears to incorporate the trunnions. There is the suggestion of a transverse moulding, running between the trunnions. The face has a prominent midrib, beginning well above the trunnions (35mm from the butt) and continuing along the blade (ending 26mm from the blade edge). The face is convex across its width but flat across its length, with no discernible blade facet. The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted. Remnants of the surface with a dark-green patina is preserved, largely on the septum of the flanged side.



The tool is unusual and difficult to closely parallel. The side trunnions and ribbed face can be broadly paralleled with 'Trunnion Tools', while the flanged face is best paralleled with flanged axes, perhaps closer to slender axes of Later Short-Flanged type. The tool may have been hafted with the handle abutting the flanged face and with binding over the ribbed face, rather than within a split handle, in the way flanged axes were secured. The method of hafting may imply the blade would be perpendicular to the axe direction suggesting the tool functioned as an adze. The tool may share similarities in form with 'palstave adzes', as published by Evans (1881, p. 85, gigs 70-1) and with recent examples recorded with PAS from Gisburn, Lancashire , Swithland, Leicestershire , Crosby Ravensworth, Cumbria , Brokenborough, Wiltshire and Tanworth-in-Arden, Warwickshire . It is tempting to see this example as a 'flanged-adze' predecessor of the palstave adze. Trunnion Tools have a long-lived production, spanning the Arreton Tradition at the end of the Early Bronze Age and continue into the Late Bronze Age (c. 1700- 800BC). If the flanged face is referencing and contemporary with axes of Later Short-Flanged type it is possible to suggest a date spanning Later Acton Park or Taunton metalworking, dating to perhaps c. 1500 - 1300BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-27T23:00:00Z,,,,157.8,15.6,,11.7,164,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llantrisant,ST0486,From a paper map,51.56467611,-3.386377,NMGW-DABBEA,,2015100.jpg,Middle Bronze Age 'flanged-adze',The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2015100.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568831.jpg
787156,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1100,"Middle to Late Bronze Age bronze rapier of Group IV and possibly of Type Appleby, variant Lakenheath (as defined by Burgess & Gerloff 1981, p. 74-6) but possibly with a reworked butt and of Penard metalworking Industry

The rapier is near-complete, with some damage to the shoulders and butt (with an overall length of 328mm and a weight of 94.3g). The butt end is arched and rounded (with a width of 20.3mm and a thickness of 1.6mm) with two side notches to accommodate rivets beneath (with a depth of 3.5mm and 2.8mm, giving a minimum width of 14.3mm at 10mm beneath the top of the butt). The shoulders are weak and poorly defined, with the butt widening very gradually and linearly to the shoulders (to reach a maximum width of 24.0mm, 27mm beneath the top of the butt, where the blade has a thickness of 4.1mm). The blade has a gentle curve beneath the shoulders to narrow slightly (to a width of 20mm). Below which, the blade is moderately straight and gradually convergent to the before narrowing more sharply at the tip. The blade has a flattened central section (8mm wide at the butt) which gradually narrows to a ridge at the tip. The blade edge is largely preserved and does not appear to have any contemporary nicks or blade edge damage. The upper half of the edge appears slightly wasted, possibly through use or sharpening. There are no sharpening striations now evident on the edge. The surface has a brown to black patina with some sandy encrustation, mostly on the lower half.



The blade profile would suggest a Group IV blade, the reduced butt may suggest Type Appleby and the rounded butt and rivet notches, would further refine the type to Variant Lakenheath, although illustrated examples with notches by Burgess and Gerloff (ibid.) are reworked. The poor definition of the shoulders together with the flat mid-section continuing above the notches may also indicate that the butt has been reworked. Very few Group IV rapiers had been recorded from Wales (from the 1981) study but a Type Appleby rapier was recovered from the Maentwrog Hoard (Gwynedd) with two other Group IV rapiers (Type Cutts, Variant Hampton Court and a blade with notched butt) and a basal looped spearhead. Burgess and Gerloff (1981, p 106) note that Group IV blades (without 'archaic' butts do not tend to be associated with Taunton metalwork and appear to start in Early Penard and Wallington, suggesting a date of c. 1300 - 1100BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,94.3,,,1.6,328,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Gwynedd,Gwynedd,Tudweiliog,SH2237,,52.90088368,-4.64791389,NMGW-DBE3D3,,20152531.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/20152531.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/568837.jpg
787302,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1150,"Incomplete cast, Middle Bronze Age, copper alloy, palstave, 1550-1150 BC. The axe has a curved flared blade that tapers towards the central stop ridge. The rear half of the palstave is subrectangular in shape, thought the very tip of the butt is missing. This rear half has U shaped concave flanks with traces of longitudinal ridges on the interior of the depression. The profile of the tool is diamond shaped, tapering from the stop ridge towards the butt and the blade.



The palstave is covered in a bright green patina and is heavily pitted with much of the original surface of the object having been corroded away, though in places the smooth orignal surface can be seen.



This palstave shares similarities with WILT-46374E. 



Length (Blade to Butt): 130.03mm
Height (Stop ridge): 22.91mm
Width (of Blade): 44.6mm
Thickness (Central Stop ridge): 28mm
Weight: 259g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,259,22.91,,28,130.03,1,Stephanie Smith,Edwin Wood,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Stockton,ST9535,From finder,51.11426843,-2.07280766,SUSS-EC7134,,PalstaveSUSSEC7134.jpg,"Incomplete cast, Middle Bronze Age, copper alloy, palstave, 1550-1150 BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/PalstaveSUSSEC7134.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/575194.jpg
787624,Anvil,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-801,"An incomplete and very worn probable middle to late Bronze Age copper-alloy 'beaked' anvil c.1600-801BC (Ehrenberg 1981, 17). The anvil survives as a square body with two shanks from two of the straightish edges. Each shank is slightly pointed but very worn so full length is uncertain, each of the two 'blank' edges of the square body may be a break likely indicating further possible shanks or beaks but wear and patination obscures the detail. One maybe a V-Shaped working surface but it remains uncertain. One of these shanks may have been used to secure the anvil in wood and the other/s are likely to be a 'beak' designed for working metal into a curve. The surface of the anvil is mostly heavily pitted and a light green colour with an occasional small areas of smooth dark green.



Measurements: 61mm long, 52mm high, 15.51mm thick and 118.85g in weight","Ehrenberg (1981) listed only 36 examples of Bronze Age anvils from Europe (inc. 4 from Britain) in her catalogue and although others have been discovered since then but they remain a rare class of object, including one on the PAS database @ NMS-15E1DC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,118.85,52,,5.51,61,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Shepway,Elham,TR1944,Generated from computer mapping software,51.15333176,1.13020128,KENT-0278AC,,KENT0278AC.jpg,Middle-Late Bronze Age copper-alloy Anvil,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT0278AC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/569127.jpg
787740,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment from a Bronze Age socketed axehead dating to c.1000-800 BC. The fragment comprises a section of the rim of the axe, 20.71mm at its widest, tapering down to a narrow corner. The rim is flat and narrows towards the body of the axe, starting with a maximum thickness of 5.48mm, tapering down to 1.77mm. The fragment is comprised of two ridges, one is much larger than the other. The patina is a dark green throughout.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.66,,22.44,,,1,Fiona Johnstone,Fiona Johnstone,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Rockbourne,SU1019,,50.97033169,-1.85895622,WILT-04C3E6,,WILT04C3E6.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT04C3E6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/576828.jpg
787873,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"
A fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave axe. The butt is all that survives and this retains the start of the side flanges.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,,11.12,,,12.12,20.04,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,St. Mary Bourne,SU4251,From a paper map,51.25662382,-1.39952254,SUR-17C0B2,,16641.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/16641.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/577343.jpg
788226,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy blade of Bronze Age date (2500-800 BC).  Only a small portion of the blade in retained. The object has an ovate cross-section and a sub-trapezoidal plan. All edges are heavily abraded.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: WAW-5D0A75, SF-1C1794 and HAMP-AE4623.



The object is light green in colour with a corroded and pitted patina.



Length: 27.87mm, Width: 23.89mm, Thickness: 6.44mm, Weight: 13.5g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.5,,,6.44,27.87,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Hartburn,NZ0983,From finder,55.14127476,-1.86035272,DUR-55B143,,DUR55B143.jpg,DUR-55B143 : Blade : Bronze Age,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DUR55B143.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/569434.jpg
788407,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2125,-1950,"Small cast copper alloy flat axe with a narrow butt end and a slightly flanged blade, dating from the Early Bronze Age. The butt end is 21 mm wide and 3 mm thick and the blade end is 52 mm wide and 3 mm thick, and the length of the whole axe is only 113.5 mm. The edge of the blade of the axe appears to be unused, and the size of the axe suggests that it might have been used for votive reasons. Analysing the content of the metal might help to confirm this, but it is from a private collection. The colour suggests that the axe is copper-rich and the original surface survives well, with small patches of corrosion product and a few pits, and a few marks on one face of the blade. Otherwise the axe is in very good condition. Flat axes with narrow butt ends with rectangular sections and slightly flanged blades can be found during the Brithdir metalwork phase (c.2150-2000 BC) of the Early Bronze Age, such as the Class 3 axe illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 123, fig.24, no.34). Plain axes like this are also classified as Type Migdale which belong to 'Metalworking Assemblage III', corresponding to Needham's (1996, 122) Period 2 (c.2300-2050 BC).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate a similar small flat axe from Patrington in plate 14, no.176, which is classified as a Type Migdale flat axe.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar example of a slender Migdale type flat axe from Salcombe in Devon, on pages 453 & 599, plate 38, no.289.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate the latest small, slender Migdale type of flat axe to be recorded in the South West, from Bishop's Tawton in Devon, on page 87, pl.14, no.111.



The Migdale Phase is now dated from c.2125-1950 BC (Roberts et al. 2013, p.23, fig.2.2).",,4,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Metal detector,1995-01-01T00:00:00Z,1995-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,164.3,,,8,113.5,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Torksey,SK8379,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.30145826,-0.75600914,CORN-5ED51E,,June16finds173.JPG,flat axe (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June16finds173.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573175.jpg
788408,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1950,-1875,"Cast copper alloy incomplete flat axe with a slightly expanded blade which turns up at the edges, dating from the Early Bronze Age. Both faces of the axe are decorated with rows of incised chevrons, from the edge of the butt end of the axe, running for a length of 51 mm. Below these, from the middle of the axe to the edge of the blade are six fanned ridges that have been hammered onto the axe after casting, and are about 60 mm in length, and about 8 mm apart. Below the decoration, the blade has been hammered and bevelled. The edge of the blade is damaged and parts of the surface are pitted with corrosion, but the dark green patina survives well and the axe has been treated and lacquered in the past so that it is now stable. Flat axes decorated with chevrons and with expanded blades can be found during the Mile Cross-Aylesford phase (c.2000-1900 BC) of the Early Bronze Age, such as the Class 4B axe illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 124, fig.25, no.46).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate a flat axe with similar hammered ribs and incised lozenges from Read in plate 27, no.317, which is classified as a Type Aylesford developed flat axe and dated from the Aylesford metalwork phase (c.2000-1900 BC).



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a flat axe with incised zigzag patterns on both faces and raised flanges, from Weston-Super-Mare in Somerset, on pages 71 & 87, pl.14, no.448.



The Aylesford Phase is now dated from c.1950-1875 BC (Roberts et al. 2013, p.23, fig.2.2).",,4,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Metal detector,1997-01-01T00:00:00Z,1997-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,289.4,,,10,128,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Driffield,TA0257,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.99896983,-0.4454405,CORN-5EFA8F,,June16finds175.JPG,flat axe (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June16finds175.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573171.jpg
788409,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1875,-1725,"Cast copper alloy developed flat axe with a crescentic blade and the beginnings of a stop ridge, creating a slightly biconical profile, and dating from the Early Bronze Age. Both faces of the axe are decorated with multiple straight lines punched into the axe after casting, on average about 6 mm in length, and about 1 mm apart, in what is referred to as a 'rain pattern'. The decoration covers an area between the stop ridge, which is 70 mm from the edge of the blade, and about 20 mm from where the blade chamfers and angles down towards the cutting edge, which is about 18 mm in depth. The cutting edge is asymmetrically worn, suggesting extensive use, and the material displacement on one side represents damage from use (Matt Knight pers comm). The corners of the crescentic blade are at right angles to the side of the axe. The surface patina of the axe is good with little evidence of corrosion and the axe has been treated and lacquered and is now stable. Flat axes decorated with this 'rain pattern' and with crescentic blades can be found during the Willerby metalwork phase, dating from c.1875-1725 BC (Roberts et al, 2013, 23, fig.2.2) of the Early Bronze Age, such as the Class 4 axe illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 125, fig.26, no.53).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) also illustrate developed flat axes with crecentic bades and similar 'rain-pattern' decoration from Ryal and Keighley in plates 28-29, nos.329 & 340, which are classified, respectively, as a Type Falkland developed flat axe, which is compared to an axe from Mount Pleasant in Dorset, dated to c.1900 BC, and a Type Scrabo Hill which is associated with similar axes in the Willerby Wold hoards from East Yorkshire, illustrated in plate 134, nos.D1 & D4.",,4,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Metal detector,2006-01-01T00:00:00Z,2006-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,300.4,,,13,135,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Everingham,SE8042,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.86805481,-0.78488562,CORN-5F6661,,June16finds178.JPG,flat axe,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June16finds178.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573166.jpg
788411,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1725,-1500,"Cast copper alloy flanged axe with a crescentic blade, the beginnings of a curved stop ridge and expanded flanged sides with hammered oblique ridges, dating from the Arreton Phase of the Early to Middle Bronze Age. The axehead is broadly sub-rectangular in plan with an extended crescentic blade where the corners turn back on themselves. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with tapering edges. The stop ridge is 4 mm thick and 20 mm wide and 62 mm from the butt end and 72 mm from the blade edge. There are thirteen oblique ridges on each side flange of the axe, which range in length up to 20 mm long and are each about 7 mm apart. There are some patches of green corrosion product but the surface of the axe has survived well and its general condition is very good. Flat axes with flanges decorated with oblique ridges and crescentic blades can be found during the Arreton metalwork phase of metalworking assemblage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996, 122) Period 3 (c.2000-1700 BC), such as the Class 5 axe illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 127, fig. 28, no.87).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate a similar flanged axe with flanges decorated with oblique ridges from Gavel Moss Farm in plate 33, no.402, which is classified as a Type Balbirnie long flanged axe and dated from the Arreton metalwork phase.



Moore and Rowlands (1972) illustrate a similar flanged axe with ridged flanges in plate VI, no.8, which is classified as having come from the Arreton Down tradition.



Similar examples of local Arreton flanged axes with crescentic blades and expanded flanges decorated with oblique ribs are illustrated in Pearce (1983) on pages 615, 640 & 687, pl.54, 79 & 130, nos.427 & 686c.



The Arreton phase is now dated from c.1725-1500 BC (Roberts et al. 2013, p.23, fig.2.2).",,4,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Metal detector,1981-01-01T00:00:00Z,1981-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,435.25,,,18,139,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Well,SE2682,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),54.23305164,-1.60263254,CORN-5F8585,,June16finds181.JPG,flanged axe (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June16finds181.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573162.jpg
788413,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1000,"Cast copper alloy side-looped socketed axe with a crescentic blade and a thick plain collar, with a socket mouth that is rectangular in plan, dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age. The socket mouth is 27 mm long and 17 mm wide, which is quite unusual. The collar is 10 mm deep with a side loop on one side of the axe, 5 mm below the collar. The side loop is 18 mm long with an aperture that is 6 mm in diameter. Above and below the side loop there is a casting seam which continues down the side of the axe and which is also on the other side, but has been chiselled flat, apart from a slight ridge above the side loop. There are minor facets down the sides of the blade faces. The blade has turned-up corners, so that the side edges of the blade are almost at right angles to the body of the axe. There are some patches of green corrosion product on the surface, but the axe has been treated in the past and is now stable. Socketed axes with rectangular socket mouths, plain collars and crescentic blades can be found during the Taunton metalwork phase (c.1400-1275 BC) of the Middle Bronze Age. This axe shares similarities with the Taunton-Hademarschen axes, but also with the Type Meldreth axes with faceted bodies which date from the Wilburton metalwork phase (c.1150-1000 BC) of the Late Bronze Age. 



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate a similar socketed axe with a broad plain collar that is rectangular in plan, from Kirkton of Kingoldrum, in plate 70, no.985, which is classified as a Type Taunton-Hademarschen axe and dated from the Taunton metalwork phase; and a similar socketed axe with a broad plain collar and a crescentic blade from Monmore in plate 82, no.1216, which is classified as a Type Meldreth socketed axe and dated from the Wilburton metalwork phase.



A similar example of a small socketed axe with a thick collar and rectangular socket mouth, but not a crescentic blade, is illustrated in Pearce (1983) on page 628, plate 67, no.564, which is associated with the Taunton phase of metalwork",,4,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Metal detector,2002-09-25T23:00:00Z,2002-09-25T23:00:00Z,,,142.55,23,,3,95,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,East Midlands,Derbyshire,South Derbyshire,Weston upon Trent,SK4228,From finder,52.8478721,-1.37781314,CORN-5FDC66,,June16finds196.JPG,socketed axe (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June16finds196.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573152.jpg
788414,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"Cast copper alloy side-looped socketed axe with a socket mouth that is sub-square in plan, a thick everted collar and a slightly expanded straight-sided blade, dating from the Late Bronze Age. The everted collar is 7 mm deep and about 10 mm below the everted collar is a transverse moulding, from which five parallel vertical ribs extend down the blade at right angles, on each face. Two of the longitudinal ribs form a border on either side where the axe is chamfered at a sharp angle. The ribs are 2 mm thick, 40 mm long and 6 mm apart. The side loop extends from the transverse moulding down the side of the axe to a length of 24 mm with an aperture that is 10 mm in diameter. The casting seam is evident above the side loop and above the transverse moulding on the other side of the axe, but the rest of the two seams that continue down the sides of the axe have been chiselled flat. The blade has slightly expanded corners, and the edge is undamaged, suggesting that the axe may not have been used. There are file marks on one face of the blade, where an area of corrosion has been filed away since its recovery, and it is away from the edge so that this is not a contemporary re-working of the blade, and the cutting edge has not been re-sharpened. Otherwise the axe is in very good condition with only a few patches of corrosion.



Socketed axes with sub-square socket mouths, everted collars and straight blades can be found during the Llyn Fawr metalwork phase (c.800-700 BC) of the Late Bronze Age into the Early Iron Age, such as the Sompting type socketed axe illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 138, fig.40, no.405).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate a socketed axe with a transverse rib and five vertical ribs and a slightly expanded blade, from Yorkshire, in plate 103, no.1620, which is classified as a Type Sompting variant, now dated from c.800-600 BC (Matt Knight pers comm).



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a local Llyn Fawr socketed axe with three ribs from Mylor in Cornwall on pages 35 & 77, pl.4, no.54a.",,4,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Other chance find,,,,,354,43,,7,114,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Harvington,SP0549,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.1392743,-1.92835824,CORN-5FFAB9,,June16finds190.JPG,socketed axe (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June16finds190.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573148.jpg
788680,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1400,"Cast copper alloy unlooped palstave or axehead, decorated below the stop-ridge with a square shield shape with a curved base that extends on to the blade section, dating from the Middle Bronze Age. The butt of the palstave is squared off and is 23 mm wide and 5 mm thick and expands on either side into flanges which protrude upwards at either side by 10 mm. The septum measures 17 mm wide and the stop is 72 mm down the length of the septum and 10 mm deep. There is a shield-shaped moulding with a curved base below the stop, measuring 23 mm in width and 30 mm in length down the blade. At either side of the axehead as the flange tops slope downwards after the stop, there is a transverse ridge that has been chiselled away after casting. The length of the blade from the end of the shield-shaped pattern to the edge of the blade facet measures 55 mm and the blade then slopes downwards to the cutting edge, which is 16 mm in depth. The blade splays outwards nearer the edge to form a semi-circular shape with one of the blade corners having been flattened since deposition, probably through damage. The cutting edge is still quite sharp and has been broadly hammered out initially, followed by finer hammering close to the edge, creating two bevels (Matt Knight pers comm). There is some corrosion on the blade and only patches of the dark green surface patina survive. The casting seam has been chiselled flat on either side of the axe and continues down the overall length of the flange and the blade side as a thin line. Palstaves with shield-shaped decoration and expanded blades can be found during the Acton Park II metalwork phase (c.1500-1400 BC) of the Middle Bronze, such as the palstave illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 128, fig.29, no.92).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate a similar palstave with shield-shaped moulding from Openshaw in plate 57, no.783, which is classified as a primary shield pattern palstave and dated from the Acton metalwork phase.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar local palstave from a hoard found at St Tudy in Cornwall on pages 37 & 79, pl.6, no.78i.",,4,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Other chance find,1960-05-31T23:00:00Z,1969-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,604.95,29,,29,179,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Gooderstone,TF7602,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.58730898,0.59656539,CORN-7DBA95,,June16finds184.JPG,palstave (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June16finds184.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573142.jpg
788681,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1125,"Cast copper alloy mid-ribbed palstave or axehead with flanged sides with a side loop attached beside a deep curved stop and a crescentic blade with a large central longitudinal rib, dating from the Middle Bronze Age. The side loop is 29 mm long and has an aperture that is 9 mm in diameter. The casting seam above the loop as been chiselled away, but there is still a raised lozenge-shaped lump, and the rest of the seam on both sides has been chiselled flat. The stop is 18 mm wide and 10 mm deep on both sides and the thickness of the flanges together, front and back, is 30 mm so the start of the blade beyond the stop is about 10 mm thick. The blade is 21 mm wide below the stop and expands into a crescent which is 63 mm wide and 2 mm thick at the cutting edge. The mid rib is 7 mm wide and 62 mm long, and is accentuated by two parallel grooves, one on either side of the rib, that are 5 mm wide and 62 mm long. There are multiple oblique scratches above the stop and between the flanges on one side, which have probably been caused by scraping old varnish or lacquer off the surface with something metallic, since its recovery and re-sale. Other than these, there are very few marks on the axe and little corrosion, and the blade is only damaged slightly at either corner, which has not happened through use, but more likely since deposition. Mid-ribbed palstaves with crescentic blades and side-loops can be found during the Taunton metalwork phase (c.1400-1275 BC) of the Middle Bronze Age, with broad crescentic cutting edges with tips at right angles to the blade, but the narrow body and low flanges rising to the stop ridge of this palstave are indicative of a transitional type which could date from the following Penard metalwork phase (c.1275-1125 BC) (Matt Knight pers comm).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate a similar palstave with a side loop, a broad mid-rib and a crescentic blade from Barskeoch Moss in plate 61, no.832, which is classified as a Type Carleton, Variant Kirkcowan, low-flanged, side-looped, mid-ribbed palstave and compared to items produced during the Ornament Horizon of the later Middle Bronze Age such as a palstave in the Taunton hoard (c.1400-1275 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Other chance find,1980-05-31T23:00:00Z,1989-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,387.2,,,30,153,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Bassetlaw,Cuckney,SK5671,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.23309192,-1.16250295,CORN-7DBCCC,,June16finds187.JPG,side-looped palstave (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June16finds187.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/573139.jpg
789130,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Late bronze age socketed axe (1000 - 800 BC), with part of mouth with of one face. The edges have been broken in antiquity, now with a mid-green patina and brown staining.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-05T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",11.81,,,5,31,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,,,,,,,,,BERK-9009D3,,DSCN6831.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/DSCN6831.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/569814.jpg
789131,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1600,"A copper alloy, sub rectangular fragment that is possibly the butt end of an early Bronze Age palstave (2000 - 1600 BC). However, the complete absence of ridges or a flange, is problematic, leaving the item open to further interpretation. There is an oval depression/void within the body of the piece, at the break point. The fragment has a green/blue, smooth patina and the break is from antiquity.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-05T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",10.7,,,9.39,26.42,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,SU4183,From a paper map,51.54441301,-1.41016417,BERK-9029EC,,DSCN6833.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/DSCN6833.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/569818.jpg
789340,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Possibly the remains of a Bronze Age copper alloy axehead.



The fragment has an extremely sharp cutting edge, 1.1mm thick, with broken edges on all other sides, indicating it would have been much larger. The cutting edge runs along the whole height of the piece and the width increases further from the cutting edge resulting in a ""V"" shaped cross section.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-10T00:00:00Z,,,,5.13,21.06,,1.1,14.01,1,Peter Wheatley,Peter Wheatley,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Welton,SK9980,GPS (from the finder),53.30769963,-0.51569156,PUBLIC-97C839,,PUBLIC97C839.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy axe,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/PUBLIC97C839.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/577280.jpg
789411,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy Middle to Late Bronze Age leaf shaped, double edged tanged razor dating to circa 1500-800 BC. The blade has a longitudinal central mid-rib running down the blade length on both sides. Both the tip and the tang are now missing.



The surface has mottled green patina and the blade edges are now eroded and pitted. A close parallel can be seen at SF-6E2C31.



Hodges (1956) as Class IV, a possibly derivative of Class I.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-05T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",8.7,,,,35,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,SU4183,From a paper map,51.54441301,-1.41016417,BERK-A58124,,DSCN6845.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/DSCN6845.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/570042.jpg
789416,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1600,700,"Small socketed spearhead with strong midrib, broken on both sides and at springing of socket, ancient breaks. Middle or Late Bronze Age. Extant length 52.5mm. Extant width 14mm. Weighs 14.15g. c.1600 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-23T23:00:00Z,2016-05-08T23:00:00Z,,,14.15,,,,52.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,,TL0071,,52.32799097,-0.53402453,NMS-A72F75,,61236_A72F75_LBA_Spearheadedit.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/61236_A72F75_LBA_Spearheadedit.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1027802.jpg
789538,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"A fragment of a copper alloy Bronze Age socketed chisel dating from about 1000 BC - 700 BC. It has a fairly straight cutting edge, straight but tapering sides and an ancient break at the top across the end of the socket. The rest of the tool is missing. Though it is a probably a chisel (very similar to NMS-6F9A0A and SOM-6D7E72), it could also be the end of a small socketed axe. The fragment is 28.9mm long, 34.2mm wide and 8.9mm thick. 26.65g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-19T23:00:00Z,2015-09-19T23:00:00Z,,,26.65,,,8.9,28.9,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Booton,TG1222,From finder,52.75400138,1.14003828,SWYOR-AC278F,,PAS_2817_axe.jpg,Bronze Age socketed chisel,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2817_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/570158.jpg
789985,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1400,"An incomplete cast copper alloy Bronze Age dagger. It is lentoid in cross-section and has a slim blade ending in a rounded tip. The edges of the blade are bevelled and flare out towards the tang. It has two semicircular notches for rivets to attach a handle. The surface has a dark green patina and shows considerable wear or damage. Bronze Age daggers date from circa 2000 to circa 1400 BC.



The dimensions are: length 71.5mm, overall width 30.1mm, thickness 5.1mm. The blade measures 14.1mm wide. It weighs 35.1g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-09T23:00:00Z,,,,35.1,,,5.1,71.5,1,Alastair Willis,Alastair Willis,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Ashfield,Sutton in Ashfield East,SK5458,Generated from computer mapping software,53.11645449,-1.1946528,DENO-F04750,,DENOF04750.jpg,Bronze Age dagger,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENOF04750.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/594197.jpg
790013,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper alloy fragment of a Mid to Late Bronze-Age dagger or rapier. It consists of the hilt, with the remnants of two rivet holes, with a short length of the blade.  On one side, the rivet holes are delineated by a circular cast ring, surrounding the holes. The surface has a dark green patina with brown staining.  This dagger is perhaps typical of the Penard phase of the Bronze Age (1275 BC to c. 1140 BC). It is very similar to a Grp III rapier, or more likely, a dirk.



A similar item can be seen at - WMID-D54E37",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-05T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",13.83,,,2.61,41.46,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,SU4083,From a paper map,51.54448457,-1.42458361,BERK-FB45B1,,DSCN6865.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/DSCN6865.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/570372.jpg
791135,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axehead. All that survives is part of the thickened rim.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.6,,,3.66,28.11,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Droxford,SU5818,GPS (from the finder),50.95851646,-1.17555844,SUR-40C171,,16783.jpg,Bronze age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/16783.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/581024.jpg
791138,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"A fragment of an unidentified probable Bronze Age copper-alloy object, apparently socketed. The wall thickness varies from 3.44mm to 4.59mm and is slightly concave in profile. The object is possibly too thick to be a spear socket.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.12,,,,23.55,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Droxford,SU5819,GPS (from the finder),50.96750782,-1.17539934,SUR-40C88A,,16784.jpg,Bronze Age: Unidentified fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/16784.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/581025.jpg
791155,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"
A Bronze Age to Roman domed copper-alloy object with a central rounded 'nipple'. This is possibly a miscast object or more likely is a casting well.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2004-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,10.88,,,13.8,21.23,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Crondall,SU7948,From a paper map,51.22573493,-0.87005746,-SUR 412483.00,,16793.jpg,Bronze Age: Casting debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/16793.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/581144.jpg
791365,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"
A fragment of the butt of a Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave axe with prominent side flanges.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.45,,,,16.44,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Artington,SU9748,From a paper map,51.22296353,-0.61236079,SUR-7E79E1,,16861.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/16861.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/580012.jpg
791556,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Hoard of 16 Late Bronze Age copper alloy objects comprising of five socketed axes, three spearheads, two torc bracelets, four ring bracelets, two rings, one wood fragment possible part of a haft, hazelnut shells and 2 pressed flowers one of them complete deposited in some of the axes and the chisel. There were also in the same find spot 2 sherds of pottery both Roman, 1 fragment of vitrified glass one lithic implement probably a microlith. The Roman finds are invasive and therefore do not form part of the treasure case likewise the microlith is likely to be Mesolithic and residual. All were discovered together in a pit with large sub-rectangular sandstones some of which were utilised to weigh down the objects.



At the bottom of the pit were three spearheads all laid out in a line with two large heavy rings adjacent to the left. One of the socketed axes was between two sandstones. Then armrings and two wrist torcs were sandwiched between two socketed axe heads underneath and was another socketed axe head on top a socketed chisel.



Mixed in the soil of the deposition were a number of finds. A wood fragment was recovered measuring in length 52mm, with a width of 15mm, thicknessof 6mm and weighing 2.96g, it could relate to the hafting of one of the axes or spears. Also discovered with the deposition were two fragments of pottery one a creamy fabric with a shell temper measuring 30mm in length, 25mm in width, is 11mm thick and weighing 12.61g. The fabric is slightly soft with a powdery surface. It is an off-white colour and has a fine texture. The sherd was probably made at Mancetter, Warwickshire. Mortaria from Mancetter dates to the 2nd to 4th centuries (Tyers 1996). The sherd is slightly abraded and is only a fragment of the complete vessel. The other sherd measuring 39mm in length, 27mm in width, is 8mm thick and weighng 12.70g probably a sherd of Roman Black Burnished ware dating to the period c. AD 43 - 410. Possibly from a WA Type 20 ""dog-dish"" (Seagar-Smith 1993). The fabric is a black with a shell temper. Also discovered was a fragment of Roman vitirified glass measuring in length 20mm, width 8mm, thickness 4mm and weighing 2.0g. The glass is severely affected by extreme burning and is now vitrified. The fragment is irregularly shaped and exhibits a series of breaks. A further find of a lithic implement microlith was also discovered which is probably residual measuring in length, 11mm with a width of 4mm, thickness 2mm and weighing 0.19g. Probably a Mesolithic microlith barb of honey coloured flint dating to between c8000 amd c4000 BC. These finds are probably residual or invasive do not form part of this treasure case.



Also from the field but 40m away is a palstave axe previously found in 1990 now in Lancaster City Museum. The deposition appears to have been in the side of a large burnt mound around 10m in diameter. On the other side of the canal, a socketed axe is also on the database and a palstave 200m away on the same side of the canal as the deposition.



The metal artefacts within this hoard grouping are all of Late Bronze Age date with a combination of types represented indicating they were buried during the Ewart Park phase, dating to between 1000-800BC (Needham 1996; Needham et al 1997).



The copper alloy artefacts within this hoard grouping are all of Late Bronze Age date with a combination of types represented indicating they were buried during the Wilburton-Ewart Park metalwork phases, dating to between 1100-800BC (Needham et al 1997). It is intended to attempt to ascertain radiocarbon dates for the deposition of the hoard and undertake an investigation into the find spot.



​



1. Copper alloy socketed axe



The axe is sub-rectangular in plan and the blade is gently flaring, very chipped and jagged, with the cutting edge expanding outwards to form a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is damaged and worn which occurred both in recent and ancient times. The cutting edge measures 50mm in width and is 2.0mm thick.



The socket has a sub square mouth (internal width 28mm, internal length 32mm, external width 39mm, external length 42mm and the wall of the mouth is 6mm thick).



A moulded collar decorates the axe 8mm below the mouth on each face. Extending down from this are three raised ribs measuring 31mm in length. The ribs are worn. The front and back faces of the axe are very slightly faceted at the socket end.



Along the centre of each side of the axe is a pronounced casting seam. The seams have been filed down. One side of the axe has a semi-circular moulded side loop. The loop measures 9mm in width and 14mm in length. It is D-shaped in cross-section. The casting seam runs over the side loop.



The axe most resembles Highfield and Fulford type socketed axes which tend to be rounded and more bag-shaped than later axes that were long, narrow and often had parallel sides (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 181ff; Plate 72-73; 125).



Axes of Type Fulford are part of the Wallington/Wilburton metalwork assemblages and typically show Irish influence in their multiple collar mouldings (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 177-178). They are normally found in Northern Britain and the closest parallel to the object was found at Low Fell in the Langdales, Cumbria (Schmidt and Burgess, 1981, no. 1003). The axe also bears comparison with Eogan's (2000) Class 8D form, with similar mouldings on axes of variant Westow (see ibid., nos. 1127, 1231, 1242 & 1251).



Length: 83mm, Width: 50mm; blade: Thickness socket: 35mm and weight 181.06g.



2. Copper alloy socketed axe



The axe is sub-rectangular in plan and the blade is crescentic, chipped and jagged in the centre although the rest of the blade is in good condition. The cutting edge measures 58mm in width and is 2.0mm thick.



The socket has a square mouth (internal width 26mm, internal length 26mm, external width 38mm, external length 38mm and the wall of the mouth is 5mm thick).



A moulded collar decorates the axe 22mm below the mouth on each face. Extending down from this are two fluted ridges measuring 54mm in length.



Along the sides of the axe is a casting seam. The seams have not been filed down and are off centre to the left. One side of the axe has a semi-circular moulded side loop. The loop measures 14mm in width and 22mm in length. It is D-shaped in cross-section. The casting seam does not run over the side loop. The patina is brown/orange with a smooth surface.



The axe closely resembles the Type Portree, variant Alford as identified by Schmidt and Burgess (1981, 188-190 and Plates 75 and 76).



Length: 90mm. Width: 59mm; blade: Thickness socket: 35mm and weight 260.64g.



3. Complete copper alloy spearhead



The spearhead is plain pegged with a leaf-shaped blade, extending from just above the two peg-holes (c.6mm in diameter) with a chamfered edge and pronounced central mid-rib which extends all the way to the tip. The line of the blade is smoothly it curves and angles a little more sharply at the tip. The spearhead is in 3 fragments and it has an oval socket which still contains remains of the wooden shaft. The patina is brown/orange with a smooth surface.



The spearhead can be classified within the typological scheme outline by Davis (2015, 106-113 and Plates 67-72) as Group 11: Generic Type 11C Leaf Shaped blade.



Length: 152mm. Width: 44mm. Thickness socket: 24mm and the weight: 131.28g.



4. Cast copper alloy socketed axe complete and in good condition.



The axe is sub-rectangular in plan and the blade is gently flaring, chipped and jagged at the corners, with the cutting edge expanding outwards to form a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is damaged and worn which occurred both in ancient times. The cutting edge measures 50mm in width and is 2.0mm thick.



The socket has a sub square mouth (internal width 25mm, internal length 28mm, external width 37mm, external length 40mm and the wall of the mouth is 6mm thick).



A very worn moulded collar decorates the axe 15mm below the mouth on each face. Extending down from this are three raised ribs measuring 32mm in length. The ribs are worn.



Along the centre of each side of the axe is a casting seam. The seams have been filed down. One side of the axe has a semi-circular moulded very narrow side loop. The loop measures 9mm in width and 15mm in length. It is D-shaped in cross-section. The casting seam runs over the side loop.



The axe most resembles Highfield and Fulford type socketed axes which tend to be rounded and more bag-shaped than later axes that were long, narrow and often had parallel sides (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 181ff; Plate 72-73; 125). Axes of Type Fulford are part of the Wallington/Wilburton metalwork assemblages and typically show Irish influence in their multiple collar mouldings (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 177-178). They are normally found in Northern Britain and the closest parallel to the object was found at Low Fell in the Langdales, Cumbria (Schmidt and Burgess, 1981, no. 1003). The axe also bears comparison with Eogan's (2000) Class 8D form, with similar mouldings on axes of variant Westow (see ibid., nos. 1127, 1231, 1242 & 1251).



A fragment of a pressed flower was discovered in the bottom of the socket presumably for attachment. The patina is brown/orange with a smooth surface.



Length: 86mm; the blade width is 50mm. Thickness socket: 26mm and the weight is 219.14g.



5. Copper alloy socketed chisel or unlooped socketed axe



The socket has a sub square mouth (internal width 21mm, internal length 25mm, external width 28mm, external length 32mm and the wall of the mouth is 5mm thick).



On the corners (between the sides and the faces) there are recessed body angles, these extend from the lower mouth moulding and taper towards the outer corners of the cutting edge. This pattern is repeated on all four 'corners'. The lower body of the axe could be described as faceted, with six faces; however, the facets are relatively low and slight. The casting flashes on the sides of the axe have been filed away and are almost invisible. The patina is brown/orange with a smooth surface.



The blade is crescentic in good condition. The cutting edge measures 54mm in width and is 1.0mm thick. The cutting edge has a pronounce flare out toward each of the blade tips (57mm wide) which appear to have been deliberately recessed.



The socketed axe is unlooped, making it highly unusual and very rare. There are no comparable axes in the corpus of axes covering northern Britain by Schmidt and Burgess (1981) and neither are there comparable socketed chisels in the corpus of woodworking tools in southern England by Lee (2014). However, Eogan (2000, 215-16 and Plate 111) highlights the few examples found in Ireland with one parallel with the provenance only of ""County Armagh"" being the closest (No. U15).



Length: 110mm, Width: 53mm, Thickness socket: 25mm, Weight: 152.07g



6.Copper alloy spearhead



The spearhead is plain pegged with a leaf-shaped blade, extending from just above the two peg-holes (c.6mm in diameter) with a chamfered edge and pronounced central mid-rib which extends all the way to the tip. The line of the blade is smoothly it curves and angles a little more sharply at the tip. The spearhead is in fine condition with blades still sharp and it has an oval socket which still contains remains of the wooden shaft. The patina is brown/orange with a smooth surface.



The spearhead can be classified within the typological scheme outline by Davis (2015, 106-113 and Plates 67-72) as Group 11: Generic Type 11C Leaf Shaped blade.



Length: 150mm. Width: 43mm; Thickness socket: 20mm and weight 130.79g.



7. Complete copper alloy axe



The socketed axe is slender and faceted in form with a collar, relatively narrow sides, which taper slightly and then expand to form a sub-triangular shaped blade. The mouth of the axe is sub-circular in cross section. The patina is brown/orange with a smooth surface.



The socket has a sub circular mouth (internal width 21mm, internal length 24mm, external width 29mm, external length 31mm and the wall of the mouth is 6mm thick).



The mouth of the axe tapers and the loop is relatively small in a low position set well beneath the collar. Directly above the loop is a cast decorative circumferential ridge and above this on one face of the axe is a peg hole 4mm in diameter there may have been another on the other face but this area is covered with corrosion. The loop measures 9mm in width and 15mm in length. It is D-shaped in cross-section.



On the corners (between the sides and the faces) there are recessed body angles, these extend from the lower mouth moulding and taper towards the outer corners of the cutting edge. This pattern is repeated on all four 'corners'. The lower body of the axe could be described as faceted, with six faces; however, the facets are relatively low and slight. The cutting edge has a pronounce flare out toward each of the blade tips (50mm wide). The casting flashes on the sides of the axe have been filed away bur is still visible on and at the base of the side loop. The cutting edge is crescent shaped edge and regular suggesting little evidence of wear / sustained use. Apart from the groove below the collar there is no evidence of other ornamentation on the axe.



Inside the axe a complete pressed flower was inserted possibly a type of thistle.



Length: 97mm. Width: 52mm; blade: Thickness socket: 24mm and weight 148.01g.



The socketed axe can be classified as Type Meldreth (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 204-211 and Plate 82). It is closely comparable to axes found singly at Knotty Ash, Lancashire (No. 1226), Newham, Northumberland (No. 1227) and Pendle Hill, Lancashire (No. 1229).



8. Copper alloy penannular bracelet



The bracelet has expanded oval-shaped terminals. The body is broken in one place. The surface has a green patina.



There is currently no standard typology for Late Bronze Age copper alloy bracelets though this form is paralleled in copper alloy bracelets found in Glentanar, Aberdeenshire (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 143, no. 12) and Auchtertyre, Morayshire (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 144, nos. 7, 10 and 11).



Diameter: 60mm. Thickness: 8mm. Terminals diameter: 9mm and weight 20.33g.



9. Copper alloy penannular bracelet



The penannular bracelet has two expanded oval-shaped terminals. It is in two fragments with one fragment missing that would have joined the terminal fragment to the body of the bracelet. The patina is brown/orange with a smooth surface.



There is currently no standard typology for Late Bronze Age copper alloy bracelets though this form is paralleled in copper alloy bracelets found in Glentanar, Aberdeenshire (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 143, no. 12) and Auchtertyre, Morayshire (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 144, nos. 7, 10 and 11).



Diameter: 54mm. Thickness: 4mm. Terminals length 5mm, width 2mm and weight 6.89g.



10. Copper alloy spearhead



The spearhead is plain pegged with a leaf-shaped blade, extending from just above the two peg-holes (c.6mm in diameter) with a chamfered edge and pronounced central mid-rib which extends all the way to the tip. The line of the blade is smoothly it curves and angles a little more sharply at the tip. The spearhead is in 3 fragments and it has an oval socket which still contains remains of the wooden shaft. The patina is brown/orange with a smooth surface.



The spearhead can be classified within the typological scheme outline by Davis (2015, 116-123 and Plates 75-77) as Group 11: Generic Type 11E Short, splayed socket.



Length: 123mm. Width: 46mm; blade: Thickness socket: 23mm and weight 91.86g.



11. Copper alloy annular armring



The annular armring is sub-oval in plan and sub-circular in section with flattened internal and external edges. The arming appears to be formed from a solid copper alloy rod. This armring has a mid-dark brown copper colour with patches of green corrosion product, but appears in good condition overall.



There is currently no standard typology for Late Bronze Age copper alloy armrings though this form is paralleled in copper alloy armrings found at Balmashanner, Forfar, Angus (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 152, nos. 53, 54, 56 and 57).



Diameter: 90mm. Thickness: 3mm; and weight 15.79 g.



12. Copper alloy annular armring



The annular armring is sub-oval in plan and sub-circular in section with flattened internal and external edges. The arming appears to be formed from a solid copper alloy rod. The armring has a mid-dark brown copper colour with patches of green corrosion product, but appears in good condition overall.



There is currently no standard typology for Late Bronze Age copper alloy armrings though this form is paralleled in copper alloy armrings found at Balmashanner, Forfar, Angus (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 152, nos. 53, 54, 56 and 57).



Diameter: 67mm. Thickness: 3mm; and weight 13.99g.



13. Copper alloy annular ring



The annular ring is circular in shape and has a lozenge-shaped cross section. There are three defined circumferential ridges running parallel around one section of the ring.



The three circumferential ridges as well as the form of the ring are comparable to the handles of a sheet-metal cauldron of Class A1 (Type Tul-na-cross) and Class B1 (Types Llyn Fawr, Ballyshannon and Castlederg) (Gerloff 2010, Pl. 17, 7b; Pl.32, 14a; Pl. 33, 14f-h; Pl. 34, 15d, Pl. 54, 33c and Pl. 66, 37g)., or part of a chain from which a cauldron or other vessel was suspended over a fire. Similar rings have been recorded from the Hindon hoard (PAS WILT-9439A7).



The form of the annular rings - though not the decoration - are also closely paralleled in copper alloy horse gear, most notably at Horsehope Manor, Peebleshire (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 146, nos. 3-9) and Monmore, Killin, Perthshire (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 141, no. 6).



Diameter: 65mm. Thickness: 12mm; and weight 57.18g.



14. Copper alloy annular ring



The annular ring is circular in shape and has a lozenge-shaped cross section. There are three defined circumferential ridges running parallel around one section of the ring.



The three circumferential ridges as well as the form of the ring are comparable to the handles of a sheet-metal cauldron of Class A1 (Type Tul-na-cross) and Class B1 (Types Llyn Fawr, Ballyshannon and Castlederg) (Gerloff 2010, Pl. 17, 7b; Pl.32, 14a; Pl. 33, 14f-h; Pl. 34, 15d, Pl. 54, 33c and Pl. 66, 37g)., or part of a chain from which a cauldron or other vessel was suspended over a fire. Similar rings have been recorded from the Hindon hoard (PAS WILT-9439A7).



The form of the annular rings - though not the decoration - are also closely paralleled in copper alloy horse gear, most notably at Horsehope Manor, Peebleshire (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 146, nos. 3-9) and Monmore, Killin, Perthshire (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 141, no. 6).



Diameter: 63mm. Thickness:11mm; and weight 85.37g.



15. Copper alloy annular armring



A complete copper alloy annular armring, broken into 4 fragments post-deposition. It is sub-oval in plan and sub-circular in section with flattened internal and external edges. The arming appears to be formed from a solid copper alloy rod. The armring has a mid-dark brown copper colour with patches of green corrosion product, but appears in good condition overall.



There is currently no standard typology for Late Bronze Age copper alloy armrings though this form is paralleled in copper alloy armrings found at Balmashanner, Forfar, Angus (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 152, nos. 53, 54, 56 and 57).



Diameter: 87mm. Thickness: 4mm; and weight14.29 g.



16. Complete copper alloy annular armring



The annular armring is sub-oval in plan and sub-circular in section with flattened internal and external edges. The arming appears to be formed from a solid copper alloy rod as a visible attachment seam is retained, which is uneven. Small linear file marks are visible on the flattened surface near to the join, with a few smaller marks on the opposing flattened side. The armring has a mid-dark brown copper colour with patches of green corrosion product, but appears in good condition overall.



There is currently no standard typology for Late Bronze Age copper alloy armrings though this form is paralleled in copper alloy armrings found at Balmashanner, Forfar, Angus (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 152, nos. 53, 54, 56 and 57).



Diameter: 87mm. Thickness: 3mm; and weight 18.43g.



17. Wood fragment, hazel nut shells and a pressed flower



Discovered within the deposition they relate to deposition containers and possibly the hafting of one of the axes or spears.



Length: 52mm. Width 15mm: Thickness 6mm and the weight 2.96g.



The insertion of objects into the sockets of socketed axes is a common practice in hoards of this period. Hoards of this size are, however, still relatively rare in Northern England and there are no comparable finds from Lancashire or Cumbria currently known. Gold objects deposited in a copper alloy socketed axe's socket have been recorded in hoards, and the 'Near North Cove' hoard, Suffolk (PAS SF-BDA986) is comparable to the to the Late Bronze Age hoard from 'Trevalyn Farm', where four gold bracelet fragments were discovered within the socket of a faceted axe of Type Meldreth, belonging to the Ewart Park metalwork phase of the Late Bronze Age (Gwilt 2005).



Discussion



With the exception of the 2 Roman ceramic sherds, the vitrified glass and the flint microlith, which is probably of an earlier Mesolithic date, the objects listed above belong to a single deposit, dating to the Late Bronze Age (Wilburton-Ewart Park metalwork phases c. 1100-800 BC) and, on the balance of probabilities, should be treated as a single find of more than two objects of prehistoric copper alloy. Whilst all of the individual object types have been found in northern Britain, it is the quantity and diversity of objects in the Late Bronze Age hoard from Scotforth, Lancashire makes it a distinctive and rare discovery. The insertion of objects into the sockets of socketed axes is a common practice in hoards of this period. It is however extremely rare, if not unique, to discover inserted pressed flowers. Hoards of this size are, however, still relatively rare in Northern England and there are no comparable finds from Lancashire or Cumbria currently known. Gold objects deposited in a copper alloy socketed axe's socket have been recorded in other hoards, and the 'Near North Cove' hoard is comparable to the Late Bronze Age hoard from 'Trevalyn Farm', where four gold bracelet fragments were discovered within the socket of a faceted axe of Type Meldreth, belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (Gwilt 2005).



Conclusion



Consequently, these finds qualify as Treasure under the 2002 Amendment to the Treasure Act of 1996 (Category 2), which stipulates that any group of two or more metallic objects of any composition of any prehistoric date that come from the same find and found after 1 January 2003, qualify as Treasure under the Treasure Act.



References



Davis, R. 2015. The Late Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain. Prähistorische Bronzefunde V, 7. Stuttgart.



Eogan, G., 2000. The Socketed Bronze Axes in Ireland. Prähistorische Bronzefunde IX, 22. Stuttgart.



Gerloff, S. 2010. Atlantic cauldrons and buckets. Studies in typology, origin and function of multi-sheet vessels of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age in Western Europe. With a contribution on their construction and metallurgy by P. Northover. Prähistorische Bronzefunde II, 18. Stuttgart.



Gwilt, A., Kucharski, K. Silvester, R. & Davis, M. 2005. A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevalyn Farm, Rossett, Wrexham; with some observations on hoarding practice and gold bracelet weights, Studia Celtica 34, 27-61.



​Authors



Stuart Noon and Ben Roberts December 2016.",,4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2016-06-17T23:00:00Z,2016-06-19T23:00:00Z,2016T518,,,,,,,21,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Lancaster,Scotforth,SD4757,From finder,54.00628749,-2.81014485,LANCUM-A5AF1B,,23WP_20160617_001.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/23WP_20160617_001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572278.jpg
791569,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe head. Broken across the base of the socket, upper part missing, flaring from the break to a crescentic cutting edge. The surface is very worn, corroded and pitted with only patches of brown patina surviving. There appears to be a median longitudinal arris or rib on both faces, although the level of corrosion makes it difficult to be certain.



Surviving width of cutting edge 48mm. Surviving length 50mm. Surviving thickness 16mm. Weight 99.4g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-05T00:00:00Z,2016-02-05T00:00:00Z,,,99.4,,,16,50,1,Erica Darch,Erica Darch,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Winfarthing,TM1186,GPS (from the finder),52.43123831,1.10231618,NMS-A633FE,,21585_A633FE_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe head,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/21585_A633FE_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154596.jpg
792112,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2150,-300,"Copper alloy casting waste of unknown date: The fragment has undulating original edges, and has a small projection on one edge. In profile the item is relatively flat with a slightly undulating surface. The surfaces of the fragment are slightly undulating with one face having traces of a heavy patina and a turquoise/blue corrosion product. The surface is also slightly pitted with corrosion. It weighs 56.07g and measures 47.23mm long, 29.22mm wide and 9.43mm thick. The date is uncertain, but the turquoise/blue corrosion product but it may, tentatively be considered of a Bronze Age date. The site it has been found on is a late Bronze Age/early Iron Age site which elsewhere (Whitchurch, Warwickshire) has produced evidence for metal working (Parkhouse pers comm.).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-02-16T00:00:00Z,2014-02-16T00:00:00Z,,,56.07,,,9.43,47.23,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP3141,From finder,52.06651053,-1.54919228,WAW-D8BCB8,,WAWD8BCB8.jpg,Bronze Age to Post Medieval casting waste (plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWD8BCB8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572231.jpg
792400,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Post Medieval,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Cast copper alloy casting jet with two conical sprues or flashes that is ovate in plan, with two conical projections that are triangular in profile. The casting jet was formed during the casting of a socketed axe in a two-part mould, where the molten bronze was poured into the entrance of the mould around the gate piece which had two conical apertures that the bronze then solidified in once it had filled the mould for the axe. Socketed axes of this type date from the Late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC).



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar casting jet with conical sprues from Lelant in Cornwall, which was found associated with swords fragments that are from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) on page 571, pl.10, no.82e.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a casting jet from Gussage All Saints in Dorset on page 82, pl.9, no.247f, which was found with a socketed axe mouth fragment.",Found two fields away from a Late Bronze Age socketed axe blade. See record: CORN-10D5E6.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-03-25T00:00:00Z,2016-03-25T00:00:00Z,,,31.05,25,,,34.4,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Breage,SW6127,GPS (from the finder),50.09491254,-5.34302799,CORN-13BCC9,,June16finds168.JPG,casting jet (profile),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/June16finds168.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/572796.jpg
792767,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"A copper alloy, flanged, Flat Axehead, dating from the Arreton phase of the Middle Bronze Age, about 1700 - 1500 BC. It has flanged parallel sides, the butt end is squared off, with rounded corners, and there is a crescent shaped blade with upturned corners. There is a very shallow stop ridge, now difficult to discern. In side elevation the septum and flanges are in the form of a very slender oval and the outer sides of the flanges are decorated with a moulded, diagonal, ropework pattern that is a characteristic of the Arreton phase. Other than some abrasion around the butt end and some surface chips on one side of the septum and one flange, the axe is in very good condition with a smooth, dark green patina. It is 128.7mm long, 72.3mm wide and 17.2mm thick. It weighs 414gm.



Other axeheads of this type are recorded on the database: see for example references LANCUM-19A734 and LANCUM-EFEAC0. Axes of this type are also illustrated in Megaw and Simpson, 1981, Introduction to British Prehistory, figure 2.29, numbers 5 and 6",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-01T00:00:00Z,2015-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,414,,,17.2,128.7,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,Yorkshire and the Humber,Calderdale,Calderdale,Heptonstall,SD9729,Generated from computer mapping software,53.75735063,-2.04698089,SWYOR-3923D4,,PAS_2842_axe.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2842_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/578443.jpg
793104,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment comprising part of the blade of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe. The base of the socket also survives.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.07,,,27.43,44.66,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,GPS (from the finder),51.54292534,-1.16504412,SUR-515B55,,B16646.jpg,Bronze age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16646.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/579270.jpg
793106,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment from the body of a Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age copper-alloy socketed axe. The fragment has strong, pronounced vertical ribs and a a very angular edge. The springing of the loop also survives. It is, most likely, part of a Late Bronze Age ribbed South Eastern socketed axe or, less likely, a fragment of an Early Iron Age axe of Sompting type, Cardiff II variant.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.93,,,,44.19,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,GPS (from the finder),51.54292534,-1.16504412,-SUR 516177.00,,B16647.jpg,Bronze age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16647.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/579271.jpg
793107,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,"
A copper-alloy casting well from which a runner leads diagonally. This is the waste from casting an object and is likely to be of Bronze Age date. At the outer end of the runner is a straight-edged projection. This is likely to be of Bronze Age date.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.49,,,,26.56,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,GPS (from the finder),51.54292534,-1.16504412,SUR-5168CC,,B16648.jpg,Bronze Age: Metal working debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16648.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/579273.jpg
793109,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,"
A copper-alloy oval casting well with a narrow runner. This object is likely to be of Bronze Age date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.41,,,15.4,21.47,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5783,GPS (from the finder),51.54302702,-1.17946233,SUR-516D99,,B16649.jpg,Bronze Age: Metal working debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16649.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/579274.jpg
793852,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"Part of a cast copper alloy spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, that is about 1550 - 800 BC, Davis Groups 5-16. The main body and part of the wings survive, but the tip and the attachments on the socket are missing. The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade and the socket and midrib are circular in section. There is no visible decoration and the edges are damaged, obscuring any edge bevels. The metal has a smooth grey green patina, but is deeply pitted in places. The edge of the blade is smooth and curved, suggesting there was no change in angle in the edge of the blade. The spear is 88.3mm long, 45.7mm wide, 21.5mm thick and 92.5g. The socket at the widest end is 21.5mm thick and 17.3mm wide. The midrib at the break at the tip end is 18.5mm thick and 15mm wide. The maximum surviving width of the blade (from midrib to edge is 17.1mm and it is 7mm thick maximum.



The diagnostic end of the socket and in particular the way it was attached to the shaft is unclear from this fragment, meaning it cannot be categorised exactly, but it was either looped or pegged. It is is probably a leaf shaped socketed spear head with a circular midrib section, indicating it is a Middle Bronze Age side-looped or basal-looped example or a Late Bronze Age pegged example. These date from the Acton Park to Ewart Park phases, about 1500-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-21T00:00:00Z,2016-02-21T00:00:00Z,,,92.5,,,21.5,88.3,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Brearton,SE3361,From finder,54.04392102,-1.49753781,SWYOR-BB6C1F,,PAS_2874_BA_Spear_Fragment.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age leaf shaped spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2874_BA_Spear_Fragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/574000.jpg
794104,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-700,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy blade of Bronze Age date (2500-700 BC), only a small part of the object remains. The fragment has lost all its diagnostic features and so the classification cannot be further refined. The fragment consists of the body of the blade with a pronounced circular midrib ridge which narrows either side to form the blade. The ridge measures 9.8mm in width and 10.2mm in thickness. The edges of the blade are worn and broken, and it is unclear what the shape the original blade would have been. The piece is lozenge in cross section and has a shiny green patina. The fragment is 25.6mm in width, 18.1mm in length, and is 2.3mm thick. The fragment weighs 9.76g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-05-16T23:00:00Z,,,,9.76,,,2.3,18.1,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Ellesborough,SP8306,Generated from computer mapping software,51.74656096,-0.79917168,BUC-CE327F,,BUCCE327F.jpg,Bronze Age blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCCE327F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/574321.jpg
794144,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete and fragmented copper alloy Flat Axehead of Bronze Age date (2350-2050 BC). The object is broadly sub rectangular in shape with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. The butt is missing due to an old and abraded break however the retained portion tapers inward toward the butt end. The retained portion of the body of the object has a diagonal break, possibly cause post-depositionally.   



The metal is brown in colour with areas of light green corrosion. The object has a pitted patina.



The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge).These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. 



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,137,,,9.82,85.05,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Richmondshire,Hunton,SE1891,From finder,54.31427771,-1.72482112,DUR-CEDE05,,DURCEDE05.jpg,DUR-CEDE05 : Flat Axehead : Bronze Age,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DURCEDE05.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/574352.jpg
794162,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this fragment is triangular in plan and plano-convex in section and in profile, as it comes from one edge of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The upper face of the ingot is smooth with some dark green patches of patina, and coppery red areas of decay, and light green powdering which is bronze disease. The sides of the fragment have cavities typically seen in these bun ingots. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which was found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, nos.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork, and an ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers, Torbay on page 457, plate 40, no.306b, which was found with a larger plano-convex ingot, no.306a.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate another similar ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers in Devon on page 79, pl.6, no.123b, which is recorded in DEV-D9F1E2 on the database.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-06T00:00:00Z,2015-12-06T00:00:00Z,,,302.7,30.3,,,68.3,1,Philip Mitchell,Philip Mitchell,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Minver Lowlands,SW9377,From finder,50.55601234,-4.92371266,CORN-CFAF67,,July16finds003.JPG,ingot fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/July16finds003.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/574423.jpg
794194,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-700,"Cast copper alloy blade fragment, probably from something with a similar curvature like a sickle or razor, but only the sickle has a wider outer curved edge tapering towards the internal cutting edge. This fragment cannot be part of an axe blade or a razor blade as they taper towards the curved cutting edge and not towards the broken inner edge. It may look very like an axe blade fragment in plan, but the profile shows that it is not. But the cutting edge is missing so that any identification cannot be proven.



See NMS-0B76C3 for a similar sickle blade fragment, which is dated from the Late Bronze Age, and has worn as this piece has to create a skin-like patina layer, with lighter green corroded edges.



Pearce (1983) illustrates two sickles from the Taunton hoard with a similar curvature in plan and taper in profile on page 651, pl.90, nos.752u-v, which are dated from the Taunton phase of the Middle Bronze Age, c.1400-1250 BC.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate similar sickle blades on a tanged sickle and a socketed sickle from Somerset on page 103, pl.30, nos.376 & 452.



Generally tanged or riveted sickles and socketed sickles are now dated from the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC, but as this is a fragment, we cannot identify the type or even the object, so the metalwork phase cannot be determined.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-06-06T23:00:00Z,2016-06-06T23:00:00Z,,,15.3,,,6.3,31.5,1,Philip Mitchell,Philip Mitchell,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Madron,SW4732,From finder,50.13399783,-5.54170377,CORN-D0690C,,July16finds007.JPG,sickle blade fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/July16finds007.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/574413.jpg
794463,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Incomplete copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axehead dating from c. 1000-800BC. The axehead is a South Eastern type and part of the Ewart Park metalworking assemblage. It has a round section socket and is undecorated except for a single moulded ridge around the socket apeture. There is a single integrally cast loop on the underside of the axehead and a casting seam that runs the length of the object from blade to socket on the upper side. The blade of the axe has been damaged and there are patches of corrosion across the surface. The axehead is triangular in plan, tapering to the blade which is flaired and so wider than the socket end. The object has a dark olive green/brown patina except in the places where the corrosion has occurred and it is a light green.



A parallel can be found in Savory 1980 No. 184.



Length: 81.02mm

Width of Blade: 38.37mm

Thickness at mid point: 23.19mm

Weight: 131g

Diameter of Socket: 36.45mm



Ref: Savory, H.N. 1980, A Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, National Museum of Wales: Cardiff",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,131,,36.45,23.19,81.02,1,Edwin Wood,Edwin Wood,Eastern,Essex,Epping Forest,Stapleford Tawney,TL4901,From finder,51.68799042,0.15411415,SUSS-E33637,,AxeheadSUSSE33637.jpg,"Incomplete copper alloy Late Bronze Age - Early Iron Age socketed axehead, 800-600BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/AxeheadSUSSE33637.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/576751.jpg
794518,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2350,410,"Bronze Age (-2350 to 410) to Roman flat axe: The axe is made from cast copper alloy. The axe is an elongated triangle, with rounded terminals. In profile the butt is tapers in thickness towards its edge. The thickest portion, in profile, is the point between the blade and butt. The blade, in profile tapers to a blunt, rounded edge. The axe is slightly asymmetrical in the centre and at the blade edge.



The surface of the axe has a well-developed light green-brown coloured patina.



The axe measures 48.05mm in length, 21.24mm in width, 6.95mm thickness and weighs 24.0g.



The date of the axe is not certain. Flat axes initially date to the early Bronze Age, c. 2000 to 1600 BC, but do tend to be larger and have a facetted edge if it were used, for example WAW-049216. It is possibly this example is a model or miniature axe as the blade does not appear to be functional, unless it has been over used. Votive axes are known from the Roman period, such as DOR-8BF889. The surface condition may suggest the axe is dating to the Bronze Age rather than the Roman period, but as it is not certain a wide date range will be given.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-05-09T23:00:00Z,2015-05-09T23:00:00Z,,,24,,,6.95,48.05,1,Angie Bolton,Carina Hughes,East Midlands,Leicestershire,North West Leicestershire,Ellistown and Battleflat,SK4311,From finder,52.6949811,-1.36519162,WAW-E3F2D5,,WAWE3F2D5.jpg,"Bronze Age to Roman flat axe (plan, profile and reverse).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWE3F2D5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/590999.jpg
795562,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"A copper alloy cast blade edge fragment of a Bronze Age axe c. 1500 - 700 BC. The cutting edge is splayed and curved with 'V' groves in the sides where the blade has been hammered into form. There are worn casting flashes to the sides. The axe has a clean break parallel with the blade and 4.5 cm above the tip of the blade.



There is a darker area of casting in the centre of the break which may be indicative of the bottom of the socket having been just above that break. Perhaps it may also be due to some form of deferential cooling of the core. It may be possibility that it is a fragment from an earlier form of palstave axe. That would take the date back to around 1500 BC.



The surface has a dark green patina now damaged by age, the blade edge shows no sign of use, hence this may have been a votive offering.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-07T23:00:00Z,2013-09-07T23:00:00Z,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",102.5,,,16,46,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3983,From a paper map,51.54455436,-1.43900311,BERK-5EABF5,,BERK5EABF5.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERK5EABF5.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/575153.jpg
795749,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy Socketed Axehead (c.1150BC - 800BC).



The cutting edge of the axehead flares outwards to form a convex cutting edge which is complete, relatively unworn, quite sharp to the touch and is 49.1mm wide. In side view it is 'V' shaped and the casting seam is visible on both concave sides. The seam is closer to one face than the other.



At the broken end of the axehead are the remains of a socket 18.2mm long, 2.5mm wide and 1.8mm deep. The break is irregular and old but not particularly worn.



The metal has a mid-green, glossy patina. The axehead is 49.1mm wide at the blade end, 29.5mm wide at the socket end, 43.3mm long and 11.7mm thick. It weighs 75.5g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1997-07-31T23:00:00Z,1999-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,75.5,,,11.7,43.3,1,Peter Rathbone,Peter Rathbone,South East,Kent,Dover,Whitfield,TR2845,Generated from computer mapping software,51.15879735,1.25931081,PUBLIC-69605F,,PUBLIC69605FBronzeAgeAxehead.jpg,PUBLIC-69605F Bronze Age Axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/morini17/PUBLIC69605FBronzeAgeAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/575754.jpg
795779,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,-700,"Late Bronze Age date (c. 800 - 700 BC) socketed hammer: The cast copper alloy hammer has a rectangular mouth on the interior edge of the socket, but the exterior edge is a sub-oval. The upper edge of the mouth is damaged and incomplete, but the damage is not recent as the patina matches the side faces. The mouth, on the exterior, has a high-relief lip and high-relief band below the lip. Co-joined to the band along the edge there is a high-relief elongated triangle platform as decoration on each wide face. The interior of the mouth measures 10.96mm long and 7.73mm wide and the socket is 26.82mm deep. There is no residual material present inside the socket and the socket is slightly angled compared to the exterior edge of the mouth. The hammer, when viewed in plan, is rectangular below the band, and towards the terminal flares outwards slightly, is also slightly obliquely angled through use and is slightly convex. This terminal, when viewed from the base, is rectangular with rounded terminals. Along the sides there is a trace of a casting seam along the length of the hammer but some finishing has occurred as the seam is rounded. The surface of the hammer has an incomplete mid brown matte patina which has a slight shiny greyness to it where it has been more recently scuffed, otherwise it is abraded.



The hammer measures 51.95mm in length, 23.11mm in width, 19.34mm thickness and weighs 84.3g.



Hammers often have a higher tin content in the bronze (Evans; 1881) compared to contemporary axes. It has not been possible to metallurgically analyse this example but on the record for NMGW-475C27, a comparable example in dimensions and weight to this hammer, the recorder comments the weight may suggest a high proportion of lead, rather than tin.



The Bronze Age Guide on the PAS website (https://finds.org.uk/guides/bronzeage/objects/hammers) comments that the ""socketed hammer is only rarely found in Middle Bronze Age contexts and is a more defined feature of Late Bronze Age hoards. Rowlands (1976: 45) states that, for this very reason, 'it would be unwise to date stray finds to the MBA' With regard to decoration, they are found with or without a single rib band, and in the case of a few hoards in Britanny, some hammers were found with chevron decoration."" Another example on the PAS database with decoration to this example is NMGW-475C27.



The YORYM-ABCCE1 record for another hammer discusses the dating of socketed hammers stating that 'early examples tend to be plain with no collar, whereas later examples have collars and moulding'. With this in mind and the potential high proportion of lead, the Worcestershire hammer probably dates to the Late Bronze Age possibly dating to the Ewart-Park Phase (c. 800 - 700 BC), a phase characterised by a higher volume of leaded bronze artefacts.



Bronze Age socketed hammers are not frequently reported, with just over 40 certain examples recorded on the PAS database at the time of writing (August 2016), including CAM-5B410A, SOM-B048D1, YORYM-86F1B4, DEV-A7DFBD, SF-40FAAD, YORYM-ABCCE1, FAKL-9C9543, LVPL-5A7954, SWYOR-D13642, NMGW-475C27, LVPL766, LVPL1167, NMS1243, SF-2CF092, LVPL-89D1D3, LVPL-89D1D3, LVPL-5A7954, LVPL-5A6D83, IOW-A05DE6, HAMP-8CB626, NARC-F543D2, HAMP-2CB8E2, NMS-23EF85, SUSS-2D5992, SF-50F922, NMS-4D3FD2, LANCUM-2C7E41, HAMP-1F3730, BH-5A09F0, SF-86C4F5, IOW-8B13A7, SF-B89096, WAW-75FD95, NMGW-46A3A3, SF-F4C804, SOM-9AAFF3, LON-80850F, NMS-9B7964, NMS-03BA13, IOW-B9E2E2, and KENT-FDBC44.



This hammer and WAW-75FD95 are the only two examples on the PAS database from the West Midlands at the time of writing. The distribution for these axes on the PAS database tend to be below a line stretching from the north Norfolk coast across to St.David's in Wales and above a line stretching through Crewe to Hull. There is a narrow band across the Midlands which is, at the moment, devoid of these hammers on the database. 



Evans, J. 1881, The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland Longmans, Green and Co.: London



Rowlands, M.J. 1976, The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain: Part ii. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,1943-12-31T23:00:00Z,1985-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,84.3,,,19.34,51.95,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Beckford,SO9737,From finder,52.0314004,-2.04514052,WAW-762B82,,WAW762B82.jpg,"Bronze Age Hammer (terminal, plan, profile, plan, and terminal).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW762B82.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/579430.jpg
795784,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-800,"Bronze Age (c. 950 to 800 BC) socketed axe: The blade portion of the copper alloy axe remains with the broken edge traversing the axe revealing a short portion of the socket. The blade has straight sides and only slightly flared blade tips. The cutting edge is blunt, and is slightly convex. The casting seam is visible on the sides, forming a slight triangular profile. One face of the axe has three parallel ribs visible, the other face has traces of these ribs, but they are not as clear. The socket is rectangular with rounded corners, but is off-centre therefore making the wall on one face very thin.



The surface of the axe has been over cleaned and has what are through to be recent scratches across the surface. There are two small patches of a heavy dark brown coloured patina, whereas the remaining surface is a mottled mid to dark green and brown colour. Despite the over-cleaning the axe is in a stable condition.



The axe measures 48.38mm in length, 41.79mm in width and 16.05mm at the thickest point, and weighs 93.5g.



The axe dates to the Ewart Park phase, and, due to the three parallel ribs extending to the blade face, is possibly a South Welsh or South Western type dating to c. 950 - 800 BC. Similarly decorated axes are illustrated in Savory (1980, Figure 25).



Savory, H.N. 1980 Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections National Museum of Wales: Cardiff",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1943-12-31T23:00:00Z,1985-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,93.5,,,16.05,48.38,1,Angie Bolton,Carina Hughes,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Beckford,SO9737,From finder,52.0314004,-2.04514052,WAW-764F84,,WAW764F84.jpg,"Bronze Age socketed axe (plan, profile, plan and profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW764F84.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/586002.jpg
795789,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 800BC) socketed spear (spearhead): The copper alloy spearhead consists of the upper portion of the spear, being with only 11.24mm of the socket remaining. In section the spearhead is has a sub-circular tube with short, abraded triangular facets, one on opposite sides which are the abraded blades. The tip is missing and here the spear is a sub-square in section. The spearhead fragment is broadly sub-triangular in plan. The lower portion of the spearhead has been lost and the break is too high to include the cast side loops. The break at the base of the spearhead includes the top of the socket which is circular. The break at this point is not recent. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The surface of the spearhead has traces of a dark green patina, otherwise the surface is pitted and heavily abraded. 



The spearhead measures 42.78mm in length, 6.40mm in width, and weighs 7.8g.



It is likely that the spearhead can be attributed to the Middle Bronze Age; specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150BC). However, many of the diagnostic characteristics (such as loops, peg holes and blade shape) have been lost and so a wider date range is suggested above.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1943-12-31T23:00:00Z,1985-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,7.8,,,,42.78,1,Angie Bolton,Carina Hughes,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Beckford,SO9737,From finder,52.0314004,-2.04514052,WAW-76615B,,WAW76615B.jpg,"Bronze Age spearhead (plan, plan and terminals).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW76615B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/586017.jpg
795808,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 1150 BC) socketed spear (spearhead): The copper alloy spearhead consists of two fragments of the lower half of the spearhead. The socket is incomplete, but tapers towards the blade. The socket is broken into two portions and has further fragments which are missing. On the exterior surface there is a trace of a side loop, the loop on the other side is completely missing. There is a fragment of the blade on either side of the socket, but the upper edge is broken, and this break is not recent, but the surface of the break does not have the same patina as the outer surface of the spear. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The surface of the spearhead has a dark shiny brown coloured patina.



The spearhead fragments measure 47.15mm in length and 12.16mm width/thickness. The second smaller piece measures 24.43mm in length and 12.12mm in width. The spearhead weighs 16.2g combined. Combined length is 71.58mm.



Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1943-12-31T23:00:00Z,1985-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,16.2,,,,71.58,1,Angie Bolton,Carina Hughes,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Beckford,SO9737,From finder,52.0314004,-2.04514052,WAW-76B07A,,WAW76B07A.jpg,"Bronze Age spearhead (plan, profile and plan).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW76B07A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/586022.jpg
795904,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-850,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age cast copper-alloy tanged chisel (c. 1150 BC-c. 800 BC).



The chisel has a broken tapering tang which is sub-rectangular in cross-section and has a length of c. 14.1mm. This meets a collar which is sub-oval in cross-section which isi 10.4mm wide. Below the collar the blade flares in a trapezoidal shape before terminating in an old breal . The maximum width of the blade is 11.1mm wide.



The fragment is 37.1mm long, 121mm wide, 4.1mm thick and weighs 8.12 grams.



Similar shaped Bronze Age chisels have been recorded on The Portable Antiquities Scheme database. For example, see finds: BH-49EAD8; BH-E78067; DOR-F18347; DUR-5BADA1; DUR-BB5320; HAMP-488F45; IOW-2182C4; LEIC-25C336; NMGW-B23071; NMS-769173; SF-11EB51; WAW-F5FF52; WILT-5D7742 and WILT-846EE0.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.12,,,4.1,37.1,1,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,West Meon,SU6520,Generated from computer mapping software,50.97575296,-1.07554754,KENT-77798C,,KENT77798C.jpg,KENT-77798C,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jjackson/KENT77798C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/575476.jpg
795977,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy blade fragment, 35mm long, 21mm wide and 3mm thick with a weight of 8.25grams. It is very worn and pitted. It has an eliptical cross section and is sub rectangular in form with no obvious complete edges.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2016-06-16T23:00:00Z,,,8.25,,,3,35,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Bottesford,SK8237,From a paper map,52.92416219,-0.78172536,LEIC-79D261,,LEIC79D261.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy blade fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEIC79D261.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/575422.jpg
796817,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Possibly a fragment from the blade end of a Late Bronze Age chisel or the butt of a palstave. The object is wedge shaped, with the narrow (blade?) edge slightly rounded due to wear. As the object is incomplete, it is difficult ot identify accurately, though the patina and shape would suggest a Late Bronze Age date.



Diameter: 24mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,24,,,1,Jake Millar,Jake Millar,,Essex,Chelmsford,Great Waltham,TL6813,From finder,51.7904279,0.43451543,ESS-20B4F7,,036A0019.jpg,Possibly a fragment from the butt end of a Late Bronze Age Palstave.,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmillaa/036A0019.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/576359.jpg
797371,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy Late Bronze Age axe (c. 1000-800 BC), probably a South-Eastern type of the Ewart Park metalworking phase. The axe fragment (triangular in section) consists the convex cutting edge of the object and a small portion of the sides as the edges flare inwards slightly, though the mid and upper sections of the body have been broken away in post-depositional damage which leaves only the base of the socket still extant. The object is preserved in relatively poor condition, with an uneven greenish patina interspersed with patches of brown covering most of its surfaces. It measures 52.27mm wide at the cutting edge, 39.11mm wide at its broken end, 30.95mm long and 13.11mm thick at its thickest point. It weighs 65.88 grammes.","Comparisons for this fragment can be found in Savory 1980, fig. 24, nos. 184-185 and 189, which are also dated to the Late Bronze Age",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-07-27T23:00:00Z,,,,65.88,,,13.11,30.95,1,Alex Bliss as Finder,Alex Bliss as Finder,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Stockton,ST9535,GPS (from the finder),51.11426843,-2.07280766,PUBLIC-9D800A,,AxePUBLIC9D800A.jpg,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy Late Bronze Age axe (c. 1000-800 BC), probably a South-Eastern type of the Ewart Park metalworking phase",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/AxePUBLIC9D800A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/578623.jpg
797400,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A copper alloy fragment of a possible socketed Spearhead of Bronze Age date (1100-800 BC). The fragment is from the socketed portion of the object and has a steeply inward curving section.



The metal is dark green in colour with a predominantly smooth patina and some minor areas of lighter green corrosion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.7,,,3.44,29.18,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Sedgefield,NZ2224,From finder,54.61068636,-1.6608963,DUR-9E17B1,,DUR9E17B1.jpg,DUR-9E17B1 : Socketed Spreahead,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DUR9E17B1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/576903.jpg
797408,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy axehead or palstave of Bronze Age date (1500- 800 BC). The fragment is the cutting edge of a blade which is a tapering, curved D shaped in plan. The main body of the object is missing due to an old and abraded break which runs the width of the object.



There is a slight flaring to either side of the cutting edge which hints at the original form of the object which may have been a flared flat axe such as CORN-5F6661, CORN-7DBCCC or a palstave such as LVPL-1FDB7C or WMID-D67E95



The metal is dark brown in colour with a smooth and uncorroded patina.



The breaks are old and abraded.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,39.9,,,11.32,21.45,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Bishop Auckland,NZ0314,From finder,54.52128425,-1.95516538,DUR-9E3CCD,,DUR9E3CCD.jpg,DUR-9E3CCD : Axehead Fragment,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DUR9E3CCD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/576907.jpg
797523,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"A highly worn fragment of copper-alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date (2350-2050 BC).



The axehead survives as the splayed crescent blade and part of the body of the axe. the blade is very worn and one side of the crescent is stunted. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. The butt is missing due to an old and abraded break however what remains tapers inward toward the butt end.The metal is brown in colour with areas of light green corrosion. The object has a heavily pitted green and mottled brown patinated surface.



Measurements: 43.76mm long, 63.21mm wide, 10.62mm thick and 132g in weight.



This axehead resembles those described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge).These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL.BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,133,,,10.62,43.76,1,Mags Erwin,Mags Erwin,South East,Kent,Swale,Minster-on-Sea,TQ9872,GPS (from the finder),51.41243888,0.8458364,KENT-A1066C,,KENTA1066C.jpg,A fragment of Bronze Age flat axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTA1066C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/577302.jpg
797991,Horse Trapping,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,-300,Late Bronze/Early Iron Age copper ring dating between 1150-300BC. The object is probably part of horse trappings possibly used for reins (terret ring). It is circular in shape with a round section. The diameter is 40mm and the weight 27.80g.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-06-01T23:00:00Z,2016-06-01T23:00:00Z,,,27.8,,40,,,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Rimington,SD8045,From finder,53.90077622,-2.30586625,LANCUM-0B60F3,,LANCUM0B60F3.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM0B60F3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/577516.jpg
798063,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A tip fragment of a late Bronze Age axe, it has a curved blade with probable small wings. The fragment has what looks to be the bottom of the socket within the centre of the broken region. Hence, this is most likely to be c. 1000 - 800 BC similar to the Llyn Fawr phase.



The surface is mottled mid-green with brown staining.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-07T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",1.7,,,2.4,28,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3983,From a paper map,51.54455436,-1.43900311,BERK-1A9329,,BERK1A9329.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERK1A9329.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/577566.jpg
798214,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A complete copper alloy Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead (c.1500-c.1300 BC). The axehead is a Group I (shield-pattern) type from the Acton Park phase of Bronze Age metalwork, distinguished by its shield-shaped decoration below the stop ridge. Overall, the palstave axehead measures c.158mm long, 71.2mm wide and 34.5mm thick. It weighs over 500g (the object was recorded at an event and the only scales available measured up to 500g).","This object was recorded at the University of Nottingham's 3rd Annual Nottinghamshire Local History and Archaeology Day. It was brought in on behalf of the finder and was not lent to the FLO for full recording. As a result, this record may not meet the normal standards of the PAS.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Agricultural or drainage work,,,,,,,,34.5,158,1,Alastair Willis,Alastair Willis,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Mansfield,Warsop,SK5869,Centred on field,53.21490213,-1.13290703,DENO-205757,,DENO205757.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO205757.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/577692.jpg
798423,Finger Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A copper alloy finger ring of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1400-1150 BC). The ring consists of a single copper alloy bar, oval in cross-section which has been coiled to create the finger ring. It now has one complete loop and two incomplete loops. It appears to be complete, although both terminals exhibt traces of damage. The ring has a smooth dark green patina, with occasional pitting.



This example is similar to a number of coiled rings found in a Middle Bronze Age hoard found in Sussex, recorded under SUSS-C5D042. Similar rings have been found in the Mecklenburg area of North Germany suggesting close associations with the Continent. A brief period in the Middle Bronze Age is marked by the occurrence, in hoards, of tools and bronze ornaments which owe their inspiration to types current in north Germany and Scandinavia from c.1400 BC. These include torcs, coiled finger rings, ribbed bracelets, knobbed sickles, and square-mouthed socketed axes. This influx seems to have given a boost to the native bronze industry.



Other similar objects recorded on the database include: WILT-6F5708; NCL-DA41F5; LANCUM-A4E905 & SWYOR-3FF370. 



It measures 28.48mm in diameter (internal diameter 19.25mm), is 4.27mm thick, 14.94mm high and weighs 23.74g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.74,14.94,28.48,4.27,,1,Julie Dawn Shoemark,Julie Dawn Shoemark,South West,Somerset,Sedgemoor,Axbridge,ST4354,From finder,51.28227423,-2.81865291,SOM-36B525,,SOM36B525.jpg,Middle Bronze Age finger ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jshoemark3/SOM36B525.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/577806.jpg
798508,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A hoard of 10 copper alloy palstave axeheads, found in one spot, described as 'one hole' and therefore possibly a pit deposit. The artefacts have been numbered 1-10 for the following catalogue.



Description:



1) Palstave axehead. A complete copper alloy axehead in good condition, with corrosion of the surface visible. Requires further conservation to remove the remaining soil. The butt is slightly damaged, with a small chip missing from one corner. The flanges start to rise gradually, in a convex curve from the butt, fusing to the stop bar at the maximum height above the septum. The body of the axe is narrow and expands into a triangular blade which flares slightly. The cutting edge is relatively complete except for small pockets of corrosion damage along the cutting edge. The cutting edge is asymmetrical which suggests use and possible resharpening, with one blade tip slightly rounded. Both faces are corroded but a small sub-triangular depression below the stop bar, surrounded by a raised triangle can be seen, notwithstanding the corrosion and remaining soil.



Dimensions -



Blade width: 67mm, axe length: 167mm, stop bar width: 23mm, flange width at stop bar: 31mm, butt width: min 16mm, weight: 506g.





2) Palstave axehead. A complete Palstave axehead in two sections, broken diagonally below the butt. Corrosion is visible over the surface with growths on one blade surface.  The cross section across the break reveals a U-shaped septum. The flanges rise from the butt end to the stop bar which is raised. Parts of the flanges are damaged (on one side more so) due to corrosion. The separate butt end is asymmetrical in shape, with one corner quite rounded and the other irregular due to damage, suggesting a degree or wear prior to further corrosion-related damage. Both faces of the break reveal a pitted interior to the metal, which may have caused this area of weakness leading to a break. Casting seams are visible along both sides of the body of the axe, which appear to have been polished off the blade edges closer to the cutting edge. The blade is slightly asymmetrical which suggests some degree of wear along with rounded blade tips. A sub-triangular depression is identifiable beneath the stop bar on each face. On one face a linear depression extends from this area, which could indicate ancient damage. Other marks are found on both faces and the cutting edge but could relate to corrosion or the recovery of the artefacts.



Dimensions -



Blade width:71mm, section 1 length (butt): 34.5mm, section 2 length (axe body): 134mm, axe length (total): 168.5mm, stop bar width: 20.5mm, flange width at stop bar: 31mm, butt width: min 16mm, weight (section 1): 45g, weight (section 2): 414g, weight (total): 459g.





3) Palstave axehead. A complete copper alloy Palstave axehead, with surface corrosion visible, and some soil remaining on the item, therefore requiring some conservation. The butt is slightly rounded would could suggest some wear. Triangular flanges, with slight corrosion-related damage, rise from the butt end to the stop bar which is the point of maximum height above the septum. Below the septum is a hollow, just visible on both faces but obscured by dried earth and corrosion. The narrow body of the butt end expands into a triangular blade with a slight flare of the blade tips. The cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical with some recent damage to the corroded metal edge. There are a few small hollows visible on the blade surface and within the septum which could be a result of impurities in the cast metal or as a result of corrosion.



Dimensions -



Blade width: 75mm, axe length: 176mm, stop bar width: 25mm, flange width at stop bar: 28mm, butt width: 20mm, weight: 475g.





4) Palstave axehead.  A complete copper alloy palstave axehead. The butt is damaged in the centre, the flanges rise from here to the stop bar giving a convex side profile. Below the stop bar is a depression with a raised shield design, consisting of three raised linear lines contained within a raised shield outline. The design appears on both faces. The blade is triangular but flares on one side towards the blade tip, the corresponding tip has no flare but is also damaged and corroded - this tip is also the lower side of the asymmetrical cutting edge. There are chips along the cutting edge which could be a mixture of ancient damage and metal corrosion, but a sharpened blade facet is visible beneath the corrosion and dried earth.



Dimensions -



Blade width:66.5mm, axe length: 162.5mm, stop bar width: 22mm, flange width at stop bar: 31mm, butt width: 16.5mm (damaged), weight: 456g.





5) Palstave axehead. A complete copper alloy axehead with surface corrosion. One face appears to be in a better condition than the reverse side. The butt is damaged in the centre, with one corner also missing - this damage appears to be ancient. The flanges rise in a slight convex curve towards the stop bar. Beneath the stop bar appears to be a small depression in a sub-triangular shape at the top of the blade face. The blade itself expands into a triangular shaped blade with slight flaring towards the blade tips. The cutting edge appears quite straight suggesting wear in the central section.



Dimensions -



Blade width: 71mm, axe length: 173mm, stop bar width: 22mm, flange width at stop bar: 26mm, butt width: 19mm (damaged), weight: 478g.





6) Palstave axehead.  A complete copper alloy Palstave axehead. The axe has a square butt end, with flanges rising in a convex fashion towards the stop bar from c.2cm from the butt. The body and butt end of the axe is narrow before expanding out into a crinoline blade. On both faces the blade facet can be seen as a result of sharpening the cutting edge. The cutting edge itself is almost complete with small areas of damage (probably due to corrosion). Beneath the stop bar is a small sub-triangular depression. It may be possible to see usewear marks on the cutting edge once the axe has been conserved.



Dimensions -



Blade width: 70mm, axe length: 173mm, stop bar width: 21mm, flange width at stop bar:, butt width: 20mm, weight: 444g.





7) Palstave axehead.  A complete copper alloy Palstave axehead in good condition apart from areas of surface corrosion, particularly on the lower half of the blade. The butt end is slightly damaged on one corner, possibly in antiquity. The flanges rise from the butt end to the stop bar, creating a triangular side profile. The blade is triangular with an asymmetrical cutting edge, although there is little damage to the blade itself. One blade tip is missing, and apart from this small area of damage and the slight damage to the butt, the axe is complete. A clear raised triangular design sits beneath the stop bar, consisting of two raised linear bands with a central depression, the design is visible on both axe faces.



Dimensions -



Blade width: 68mm, axe length: 181mm, stop bar width: 22mm, flange width at stop bar: 32mm, butt width: 18mm, weight: 503g.





8) Palstave axehead.  A complete copper alloy Palstave axehead. The butt is damaged slightly but largely complete, and flanges rise towards the stop bar creating a slightly convex side profile. Beneath the stop bar is a sub-triangular indentation, visible on both blade faces. The blade itself expands and flares outwards towards the blade tips. The cutting edge is damaged with a number of chips along its length, some modern and possibly occurring during recovery, others perhaps ancient and prior to deposition. A blade facet is visible on both sides, showing sharpening had occurred to shape the cutting edge.



Dimensions -



Blade width: 74.5mm, axe length: 178mm, stop bar width: 22mm, flange width at stop bar: 27mm, butt width: 20mm, weight: 491g.





9) Palstave axehead. A complete copper alloy Palstave axehead, with no signs of physical damage other than that related to corrosion. The butt is square, with flanges rising from the butt end to the stop bar, creating a triangular side profile. The blade is triangular, and flares slightly towards the blade tips. The blade side appears to be rounded. Below the stop bar a small sub-triangular depression is visible on one face, whereas on the reverse face the depression would appear more circular in shape. The surface of the blade shows evidence of corrosion, but the cutting edge is complete apart from some corrosion-related flaking.



Dimensions -



Blade width: 71mm, axe length: 181mm, stop bar width: 25mm, flange width at stop bar: mm, butt width: 20mm, weight: 529g.





10) Palstave axehead. A complete copper alloy axehead. The axe shows evidence of corrosion, particularly on the lower half of the blade face. The butt is square with some damage to the corners and the centre. The flange side profile is triangular, with nicks prominent along the line of the stop bar. The casting seam is also visible along the flange sides on the butt end of the axe. The blade is triangular but flares towards the blade tips, one of which is missing, and appears to have been damaged in antiquity. The cutting edge is asymmetrical but largely complete suggesting it was resharpened in antiquity. The design beneath the stop bar is a small triangular depression, surrounded by anther incised triangular design, creating the illusion of a raised triangle. This is particularly clear on one face, however the reverse face is likely to be of a similar design, but is obscured through remaining earth and corrosion.



Dimensions -



Blade width: 68mm, axe length: 177mm, stop bar width: 24mm, flange width at stop bar: 27mm, butt width: 18mm, weight: 480g.







Identification/discussion: 



The axeheads described above (Nos.1-10) are all identifiable as palstave axeheads which belonging to the Middle Bronze Age period (c.1400-1150 cal BC). The axes within this hoard all suffer with surface corrosion obscuring the original surface of the blade, making usewear analysis difficult;





The palstaves Nos. 1-3, 5-6 & 8-9, are comparable to those placed within Rowlands 'class 3 group 1' including a similar axe surviving in a hoard from Goudhurst, Kent (see Rowlands 1976: pl 2 (85) no.3, and p. 247). Rowlands class 3 are characterised by a U-shaped septum profile, low triangular or slightly convex flanges, a straight sided triangular or crinoline blade and a triangular depression or ribbed motif beneath the stop bar (Rowlands 1976: 32-33). Group 1 and 2 within class 3 are divided based on blade width, being 7-8cm and 5-6cm respectively, placing the above axes between the two, but probably within group 1. Using the PAS Palstave Guide these examples would be categorised as 'group 2' ('early palstaves' https://finds.org.uk/guides/bronzeage/objects/axes [accessed 12/10/17]). A number of the axes within this hoard which sit within this category have blades which slightly flare towards the blade tips and are not purely triangular in shape. Axes Nos.1,2,5-6 & 8 all have identifiable sub-triangular motifs, whereas axes Nos.3 & 9 are slightly different in how clear the motif is. No.9 has one side which appears to be a more circular depression in comparison to the reverse side motif.





Axe No.10 has an unusual triangular design, which is difficult to identify. This axe is directly comparable with axe No.1& 5 from 2017 T459, with the clear triangular design and axe size being almost identical, apart from the direction of curve of the blade sides. Examples with similar designs can be found in O'Connor 1980, which includes a looped Palstave with similar v-shaped ornamentation from the Gable Head Hoard (O'Connor 1980: p321-2, Fig.6 No.25), and a broken Palstave with V-ornament from the Marshall Estate Hoard, Sussex (O'Connor 1980, p.328, Fig.14, No12). Although similar in design, these published examples are not quite identical. Axe No.7 is similar in that there appears to be a raised triangular design, however there is no corresponding outer incised line.





Axe No.4 has a clear shield design, composed of a raised shield outline with 3 linear ribs within, running in the direction of the axe.  A comparable example is an axe from Lower Swanwick, a hoard of four palstaves buried in a pit (Rowlands 1976: 240). Axe 1 from this site has a similar shield design below the stop bar (see Rowlands 1976: p7, (63) no.1), which Rowalds' identifies as a Class 3 Group 1 palstave (1976: 240). A further example is found within the Birchington hoard - a collection of fourteen palstaves found within an urn (Rowlands 1976: 246; pl.10 (82) no.10)). Along with palstaves Nos. 1-3, 5-6 & 8-9, No.4 can be considered a 'Birchington Type' palstave (Rowlands 1976: 32-3).





A similar hoard of palstave was also found in the immediate vicinity by the same finder at a later date (see 2017 T459 - KENT-593613). The number (ten) of the palstaves found in the hoard is comparable to those found in 2017 T459, which was found only a short distance away. Furthermore, they appear to have been deposited in similar manners: as a group deposit in a pit. Axes Nos. 1-3, 5-6 & 8-9 are comparable to eight of the axes found within hoard 2017 T459, and axe No. 10 is comparable to axe no.1 from hoard 2017 T459.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,2016T618,,,,,,,10,Jennifer Jackson,Jennifer Jackson,South East,Kent,Thanet,Manston,TR3467,GPS (from the finder),51.35385881,1.35933957,KENT-495597,,2016T618_10_view1.JPG,Palstave Axe 10 view 1,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/2016T618_10_view1.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/635029.jpg
798710,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy Mid to Late Bronze-Age dagger blade. It consists of a small fragment of the hilt, with the remnants of two rivet holes, with apparently most of the blade. It is sub lense shaped in cross section, with a slightly emphasised central rib on both sides of the blade and tear drop shape in form, tapering to a rounded point. It is difficult to be certain how much, if any, of the blade is missing. It is 67.88mm in length, 28.00mm in width at its widest and weighs 13.55g.The surface has a dark green patina and shows abraded patches. This dagger is perhaps typical of the Penard phase of the Bronze Age (1275 BC to c. 1140 BC). It is very similar to a Grp III rapier, or more likely, a dirk.



A similar item can be seen at - WMID-D54E37",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.55,,,2.56,67.88,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Kingston Deverill,ST8835,,51.11416319,-2.17280853,WILT-893AE8,,WILT893AE8.jpg,Bronze Age dagger,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT893AE8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/578797.jpg
798874,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1150,"Fragment of copper alloy found in a burnt mound dating at least to the Early to mid Bronze Age 2150 to 1150BC. The copper is not sheet metal and appears to have been cast as one piece as part of a larger object. It is not yet known what this object was. It should be possible to refine the dating once the charcoal samples are dated from the burnt mound which was the subject of an evaluation associated with treasure case 2016 T518 database number LANCUM-A5AF1B. The length is 48mm, the width is 35mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,2016-07-06T23:00:00Z,2016-07-06T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,48,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,,Lancashire,Lancaster,Scotforth,SD4757,From finder,54.00628749,-2.81014485,LANCUM-9DF379,,LANCUM9DF379.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM9DF379.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/578206.jpg
798924,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-1500,"A fragment from a cast copper alloy, flat axehead of the early Bronze Age, dating from about 2300-1500 BC. Only the butt of the axe survives. It is narrow, measuring 23.9mm wide and 5mm thick. The axe has fairly straight sides and flares to 34.8mm wide and 10.7mm thick where it is broken. The break is patinated, though possibly not to the same extent as the rest of the axe. Not enough of the axe survives to be able to classify it precisely. It is 63.4mm long and 103g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-01T00:00:00Z,2016-05-09T23:00:00Z,,,103,,,10.7,63.4,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,York,York,Copmanthorpe,SE5547,Generated from computer mapping software,53.91623488,-1.16412211,SWYOR-A4FBE9,,PAS_2901_axe.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_2901_axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/578296.jpg
798935,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"A copper alloy Early Bronze Age flat axe head, dating to 2200-1900BC. The axe head is trapezoidal in shape with a curved broad butt and blade. There is no significant flare to the blade end. The axe had a lenticular cross-section and has signs of wear to both the blade and butt ends. The butt end is 17.7 x 2.6 mm, that widens to 33.58 x 3.37 at the blade. The axe head appears to be of a broad butt type, probably a 'Migdale' type (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-44).



One surface has a smooth dark green patina with some erosion to the edge, the other side is heavily pitted with a mottled mid-green patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-07T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",71.7,,,6.3,78,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3984,From a paper map,51.55354532,-1.43889257,BERK-AD8EB5,,BERKAD8EB5.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERKAD8EB5.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/578277.jpg
799061,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1500,"A cast copper alloy flat axe dating to the Early-Mid Bronze Age (2350 - 1500 BC). The axe is narrow with straight but tapering sides and there are no signs of a stop ridge. The sides of the axe are very slightly thickened, but it does not have flanges.



The metal is dark green in colour with a heavily pitted and corroded patina.



Length: 99.47mm, Width: 35.8mm, Thickness (blade): 2.91mm, Thickness (Mid-section): 9.08mm, Weight: 151.8g.



The axe probably fits into the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage I-II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 1-2 circa 2500- 2050 CAL. BC, or slightly later.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: SWYOR-9EC7C9 WAW-049216, LANCUM-E3C336 and SUR-25F712",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,151.8,,,9.08,99.47,1,Miss Ellie Cox,Miss Ellie Cox,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Ponteland,NZ1276,Generated from computer mapping software,55.07831025,-1.81358342,DUR-B0F79E,,DURB0F79E.jpg,DUR-B0F79E : Flataxe : Bronze Age,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox/DURB0F79E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/578333.jpg
799094,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy, tip from a spear head, of probably the Middle Bronze Age period, dating from c. BC 1500 to c. BC 1150.



The object is broadly triangular in plan and broadly lozenge shaped in cross section. The object has a rounded point at the top, which seems to have sustained some damage. From the point the sides of the object taper out, ensuring the object is wider at the base. There is a central raised ridge running vertically down the middle of the spear head, this appears on both sides. There is an old horizontal break at the base of the object, probably indicating the spear was broken in antiquity. There is damge to both edges of the blade.



It measures 56.3 mm in length, 13.9 mm wide (base), 5.4 mm wide (tip) and 6.5mm thick. It weighs 9.7 g.



The spear head is a mid green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail. This object has lost most of it's diagnostic features and as a result further classification is difficult. However similar spearhead fragments have been recorded on the database, including SWYOR-1F74C1, SF-C557DC and WMID-270D2F. All have been dated to the Middle Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-02T23:00:00Z,2016-04-02T23:00:00Z,,,9.7,,,6.5,56.3,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Albrighton,SJ7803,From finder,52.62431132,-2.3264292,WMID-B2794D,,WMIDB2794D.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Spear head Tip,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMIDB2794D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/578640.jpg
799285,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age spear. Only the tip survives. It is lozenge in section and has a pronounced rib running down the centre on both sides. The perimeter is damaged apart from a short section along one edge. Much of the perimeter and blade edge is pitted with bright green patches of corrosion, however, the original surface is smooth and has a mid-brown patina. The break is irregular and does not appear to have been done intentionally.



52mm x 18mm x 5mm. 12.62g.



This item possibly dates to the Ewart park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1,000-700BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.62,,,5,52,1,Peter Wheatley,Peter Wheatley,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,South Kelsey,TF0497,From finder,53.4594918,-0.43509125,PUBLIC-C786E4,,PUBLICC786E4.jpg,Late Bronze Age spear,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/PUBLICC786E4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583299.jpg
799472,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,The lower part of a plain Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe which has been broken diagonally. The axe is very worn and retains c.50% of its surfaces and has a prominent casting seam. The axe measure 22mm from the base of the socket to the present break.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,45.12,,,14.9,45.45,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Sherborne St. John,SU6155,GPS (from the finder),51.2908745,-1.1265994,SUR-F1CCB3,,161046.jpg,Bronze age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161046.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582386.jpg
799510,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"
A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy plano-convex bun ingot.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,16.87,42.64,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Charlwood,TQ2541,From a paper map,51.15461223,-0.21402563,SUR-013F03,,161075.jpg,Bronze Age: Ingot fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161075.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582778.jpg
799530,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-900,"
A fragment comprising the butt of a Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave along with the upper extent of the side wings.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.07,,,7.47,17.94,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Clanfield,SP2800,From a paper map,51.69805305,-1.5962678,SUR-08E3A4,,161093.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161093.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582808.jpg
799927,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,-700,"An incomplete copper-alloy Late Bronze Age (c.800-c.700 BC) socketed knife, missing the tip of its blade and most of the socket. The object is bifacial and narrowly convex, with no central midrib. The object is roughly trapezoidal when laid flat and roughly triangular in profile. The socket is waisted and a pointed oval in cross-section, with no visible peg-holes. There is a triangular facet down one side; the other side may also have been faceted but is now too worn to discern. The rim of the socket has a rough, uneven edge where it terminates in an ancient break. The interior of the object is encrusted with dirt from the end of the waist. Both faces are smooth and have a brown patina. The edge and the socket on one face have a rough, green surface where the outer layer has been worn away. Overall the object measures 46.54mm long, 25.56mm wide and 9.81mm thick. It weighs 17.41g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-06-08T23:00:00Z,,,,17.41,,,9.81,46.54,1,Sophie Mander,Sophie Mander,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Norwell,SK7562,GPS (from the finder),53.14986872,-0.88001897,DENO-43A8FA,,DENO43A8FA.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Knife,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO43A8FA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/585117.jpg
800315,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-950,"A near-complete Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age transition.The axe is if Schmidt and Burgess's Nettleham Type, which places it within the Wilburton Industry, Needham Period 6, 1150-950 CAL BC.



The axe is heavily eroded and has breaks across the butt and the side loop. The blade gently flares to the cutting edge; the sides are straight, and in section the blade is rectangular. The cutting edge is abraded and appears to have been reground several times owing to the lack of expanded blade at the edges.The axe has a pronouced stop-ridge on both sides, though on one side it is damaged. Two moulded ridges run away from the stop-ridge down the blade on both sides. These ridges are difficult to see on the side that has suffered the greatest damage. The butt is incomplete.



The surface of the axe is variable. Towards the cutting edge the blade on both sides has a smooth surface with green-brown patina. It is heavily pitted towards the stop-ridge on one side. The butt is heavily pitted on both sides.



The length of the axe is 125mm, and the height across the blade is 39mm. At the stop ridge it is 25mm in height, and 24mm in width.



References



Davey, P.J., 1973. Bronze Age Metalwork from Lincolnshire. Archaeologia, 104, 51-127.



Needham, S., 1996. Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, 67, 121-40.



Schmidt, P.K. & C.B. Burgess, 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, München: Beck.","
I am grateful to Dr Peter Chowne for the identification of this axe.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,24,125,1,Peter Chowne,Adam Daubney,,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Spalford,SK8469,From a paper map,53.2114348,-0.74364341,LIN-709F56,,LIN709F56.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy palstave,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN709F56.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/579510.jpg
800723,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A complete copper alloy flat axehead of early Bronze Age date, c.2150 - 1500 BC. The axehead is sub-trapezoidal with a curved blade tapering to a rounded cutting edge. The axehead is extremely worn and undecorated. No signs of ridges or flanges are present indicating that this is an early flat axe.



The metal has a heavily corroded mid-green patina with much of the orignal surface being lost. The axehead is 131.2mm long, 72.8mm tapering to 33.8mm wide, 13.2mm thick and weighs 460g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,460,,,13.2,131.2,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Laughton,SK8497,From finder,53.46305617,-0.73622745,YORYM-C26951,,DR0116.jpg,Bronze Age : Flat Axe,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/DR0116.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/581936.jpg
800817,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,A Bronze Age copper-alloy ingot weighing 46.40g. The ingot is slightly wedge-shaped.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,46.4,,,12.97,24.67,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Charlwood,TQ2542,GPS (from the finder),51.16359985,-0.21367852,SUR-C8CCE9,,161182.jpg,Bronze Age: Ingot,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161182.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/586897.jpg
801248,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this fragment is trapezoidal in plan, triangular in profile, and rhomboidal in section, as it comes from one edge of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The surface of the ingot is deeply pitted where air bubbles formed during the casting process and the sides of the fragment have cavities typically seen in these bun ingots. There are dark green and coppery brown areas and light green patches of bronze disease.Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which was found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, no.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork, and an ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers, Torbay on page 457, plate 40, no.306b, which was found with a larger plano-convex ingot.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-07-20T23:00:00Z,2016-07-20T23:00:00Z,,,369.25,31,,31,73,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Perranzabuloe,SW7855,From a paper map,50.35295412,-5.12210912,CORN-0931DE,,Aug16finds099.JPG,ingot (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Aug16finds099.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/580600.jpg
801371,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A copper alloy tip fragment, possibly from a mid to late Bronze Age axe, c. 1500 - 800 BC. The fragment has a dark green patina but is too small for further ID.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-07T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",4.9,,,5.97,17.72,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3984,From a paper map,51.55354532,-1.43889257,BERK-5433ED,,BERK5433ED.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERK5433ED.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/580687.jpg
801380,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A cast copper alloy butt-end fragment of a middle Bronze Age Palstave c. 1500 - 1100 BC. The break appears to have been caused in antiquity. The surface has some pitting with a smooth, dark green patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-07T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",37.3,,,11.4,35,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Regis,SU3984,From a paper map,51.55354532,-1.43889257,BERK-54BC4C,,BERK54BC4C.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERK54BC4C.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/580693.jpg
801396,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of copper aloy socketed axe. The cutting edge of the axe only remains. The cutting edge is crescentic. At the back is the remnant of the socket. Along each of the sides is a casting seam.

Date: Late Bronze Age - c. 1100 - 800 BC

Dimensions: 23.7 mm x 43.0 mm x 12.7 mm

Weight: 34.93 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,34.93,,,12.7,23.7,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Tarrant Launceston,ST9209,From finder,50.88043601,-2.11508414,DOR-5546C3,,5J46C3.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/5J46C3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1062123.jpg
801426,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1900,"A copper alloy early Bronze Age flat axe head dating to the period c. 2100-1900BC. The axe was probably part of the Migdale metalworking tradition. It is complete, but very worn. The axe head has a rounded butt which exhibits some old damage. It widens along its length at the butt end to the blade end. There is some damage to the blade. The object is has a brown patina and surface is slightly pitted. The length is 78mm, the width is 22mm thickness 8mm and the weight 47.43g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-03T23:00:00Z,2016-08-03T23:00:00Z,,,47.43,,,8,78,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,East Hardwick,SE4618,Centred on parish,53.65647818,-1.30544954,LANCUM-566167,,LANCUM566167.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM566167.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/580713.jpg
801574,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A Middle Bronze Age (c.1400-1250BC) copper-alloy rapier, now bent and distorted, almost certainly deliberately. This rapier has the characteristic thin narrow blade of a rapier that expands to form a plate with rounded end and with two rivet holes for attachment to the hilt. A short length of the rounded end is missing. The object now measures 404mm and is 23.3mm across its central length. The thickness is c.4.3 - 4.8mm.",The rapier is similar to SWYOR-7A4C37 and LON-47F5C3,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,160,,,4.27,404,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Bampton,SP3100,GPS (from the finder),51.69789598,-1.55286221,SUR-5AE176,,DSCF4458.JPG,Bronze Age: Rapier,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF4458.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/581827.jpg
802105,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,A large part  (about c 50%) of the rim of a plain Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe. The axe has no collar swelling but has a prominent casting seam and a raised stub of runner.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,40.71,,,,42.93,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,East Meon,SU6520,GPS (from the finder),50.97575296,-1.07554754,-SUR 86000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.00,,DSCF4803.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF4803.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/588763.jpg
802106,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A fragment of a blade of a Bronze Age copper-alloy axe of uncertain form.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.65,,,,28.9,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,East Meon,SU6520,GPS (from the finder),50.97575296,-1.07554754,SUR-86E9DD,,161264.jpg,Bronze Age: Axe blade fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161264.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/588767.jpg
802133,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A copper alloy fragment of a probable Bronze Age axe or palstave. The tip of the blade has an unusual 'hook' like form. A similar tip can be seen in - The Bronze Age in Ireland (Coffey 1913) has a palstave at Chapter III plate I. where a very similar 'hooked tip' to a palstave. At Fig 20, there is a similar tip to a Winged Celt. Therefore, this is suggestive of the object being from the Middle to Late Bronze Age c. 1400-800 BC. The tip has a smooth mid-green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-06T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",0.7,,,3.1,9.8,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,SU3987,From a paper map,51.58051811,-1.43856061,BERK-913FEA,,BERK913FEA.JPG,Fragment of a probable Bronze Age axe or palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERK913FEA.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/581319.jpg
802275,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"Cast copper alloy globule or casting waste, ovate in plan and plano-convex in profile and section, formed from a pool of molten metal collecting in a small recess. The surface of the ingot is pitted where air bubbles formed during the casting process and the uneven edge suggests accidental manufacture. There is a brown corrosion layer over much of the surface and light green patches of bronze disease. This was probably produced during the casting of copper alloy plano-convex ingots during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC.



Pearce (1983) illustrates shallow ingots from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, no.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar shallow ovate ingot fragment from Marldon in Devon on page 79, pl.6, no.146a (see DEV-677584).



Comparable to a globule of casting waste found in the St Levan hoard (2016 T20) in record CORN-E8DF11, which is dated from the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-10-31T00:00:00Z,2015-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,150.34,,,12,67,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Penzance,SW4529,From a paper map,50.10621313,-5.56762893,CORN-A863F7,,Sep16finds038.JPG,globule (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Sep16finds038.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582031.jpg
802293,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"Incomplete cast copper alloy socketed chisel, wedge-shaped in profile and sub-rectangular in plan, with parallel sides. One side of the chisel has broken away to reveal the socket within, which is 36 mm long and 12 mm wide, but the upper mouth of the socket is missing. The chisel is corroded and pitted but there appears to be no active bronze disease. The blade has a curved edge which is worn, and fragments of the edge have been broken off in the past, but it appears to mainly follow the original edge with no flaring of the tips. There are small scars on both faces that are probably the result of plough damage. The hollow interior is cone-shaped, with the socket ending 20 mm up from the blade. The cross-section of the chisel is sub-rectangular with the walls ranging from 2 to 3 mm in thickness. The chisel is missing its butt end and was probably about 70-80 mm in length originally. The shape and curve of the blade suggest that this might have been a tool for carving wood, with the rounded edge enabling the carver to work with a concave area. The angle of the bevel, at about 20°, would have made it ideal for fine work where thin slivers of wood were being removed. 



Needham & Rohl (1998) illustrate a similar example on page 132, no.175, which is dated to the Penard phase of the late Middle Bronze Age, c.1300-1150 BC.



Needham, Parham & Frieman (2013) illustrate similar socketed chisels from Langdon Bay in Kent on pages 70-71, fig.3.11, nos.121, 125 &127, but they are all incomplete, like this example, without mouth mouldings and side loops and therefore difficult to date within the Taunton / Penard phases.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar chisel from Buckland Newton in Dorset on page 103, pl.30, no.210 (see DOR-EE8574).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-03-26T00:00:00Z,2016-03-26T00:00:00Z,,,25.6,12,,3,56,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Madron,SW4430,Generated from computer mapping software,50.11475892,-5.58225589,CORN-B51CDB,,Sep16finds034.JPG,chisel,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Sep16finds034.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582001.jpg
802317,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-850,"A complete cast copper-alloy tanged chisel of Late Bronze Age date. The chisel is in good copndition and appears undamaged, with evidence for use wear on the blade tip and edge. The chisel has a tapering square-sectioned tang, 6.66mm thick, which abutts the round-sectioned, collared handle stop of the chisel blade. The collar is 11.7mm diameter. From the collar the chisel blade, which is broadly triangular in plan, flattens in profile and expands to a very thin cutting edge with slightly flared shoulders. The cutting edge is 33.2mm wide. The object is in very good coniditon and has a mid-brown patina across much of its surface.



Tanged chisels, which date from c. 1150-850 BC, are known from several hoards and as isolated finds; complete examples from such contexts are uncommon. Several tanged chisels, or elements of them, are recorded on this database (for example, see BH-49EAD8). Two other complete tanged chisels from Oxfordshire are of almost identical form; on this database an example from South Oxfordshire (see BERK-52E8C3), and another illustrated in Evans (1881:168 no. 193) from Wallingford (formerly Berkshire). Similar examples have been recorded on this database from across the county, including DUR-5BADA1 and NMS-769173.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,36.9,,,11.7,93.8,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Noke,SP5413,From a paper map,51.81303213,-1.21808761,BERK-D3E079,,2016170.jpg,Bronze Age chisel: Tanged chisel,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2016170.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/590745.jpg
802377,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-2050,"An incomplete copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of the Early Bronze Age, dating from c. BC 2500 - BC 2050



The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. In cross section the axe is lentoid in shape. The butt is relatively thin having a flat edge, the butt has been broken. The patina at the break matches with the rest of the axe suggesting the break occurred in antiquity. The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively straight. There is no evidence of the long edges being raised to form flanges and there is also no evidence of a median bevel (proto stop ridge). However, the axe is thickest at the mid point (9.5 mm). The sides of the blade expand slightly to produce a crescentic blade edge with a width of 62.2 mm. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through either abrasion or wear, as has the blade edge itself. The blade facet has been heavily abraded and is virtually no longer visible, however the top and bottom of the blade do slope gently down to the edge. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on any surface of the axe. 



The object measures 86.2 mm in length. The width at the butt is 45.4 mm, the centre is 51.5 mm wide and the blade is 62.2 mm wide. The butt has a thickness of 6.9 mm, the centre is 9.5 mm thick and the blade is 5.3 mm thick. The axehead weighs 252.1 g. 



The axe is a mid to dark brown in colour with a much abraded or corroded patina. Traces of a light green patina, suggesting corrosion products. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil has resulted in the loss of most of the original surface detail. 



The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age (or possibly even the Copper Age). This example fits best into the copper axes and early bronze axes. The form of the axe is comparable to Type Castletown Roche/Pitlochry (outlined by Schmidt and Burgess p 22-23, Plate 1, No 5). These axes fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage I-II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 1-2 circa 2500- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae. Similar axeheads have also been recorded on the database including HESH-ACD6C1, HESH-84D8A5 and LANCUM-AA5ED7. 



Ref: 



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.22-23 (also Plate 1 no 5).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-05-01T23:00:00Z,2016-05-01T23:00:00Z,,,252.1,,,9.5,86.2,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Shifnal,SJ7407,From finder,52.66009167,-2.38583435,WMID-D5511E,,WMIDD5511E.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Flat Axehead (Type Castletown Roche/Pitlochry),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMIDD5511E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/581840.jpg
802501,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy incomplete tanged dagger or knife blade which is incomplete dating 1000 - 800BC. The blade is double edged, tapering, with a central ridge producing a lozenge form profile, the blade is in two pieces which were discovered on different occasions. other. The blade is narrowed from the top with angled sides and terminates at the tip. The top would probably have terminated in a tang. The length is 92mm, width is 27mm and the weight 30.32g.



Burgess, C. B. and Gerloff, S., 1981. The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland Munich : Prähistorische Bronzefunde",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-01T23:00:00Z,2017-04-11T23:00:00Z,,,30.32,,,,92,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,,North Yorkshire,Craven,Linton,SD9962,From finder,54.05395589,-2.01676686,LANCUM-D86241,,LANCUMD86241.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMD86241.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/581711.jpg
802516,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,100,Copper alloy complete horse harness ring dating 1000BC - 100AD. The ring is bevelled on the inside and decorated with hatched lines and the outside is decorated with chevrons and pellets. The use of this object is difficult to interpret. It may have had a decorative function in harness or personal dress or more probably relates to chariot furniture of the later Iron Age. The diameter is 33mm and the weight 14.50g.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-01T23:00:00Z,2016-08-01T23:00:00Z,,,14.5,,33,,,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,,North Yorkshire,Craven,Linton,SD9962,From finder,54.05395589,-2.01676686,LANCUM-D8A073,,LANCUMD8A073.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMD8A073.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/581719.jpg
802623,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy axehead of the Late Bronze Age. The axehead is broken just above the deep end of the socket. The fragment is trapezoidal in plan with a convex cutting edge, which appears complete. The object is covered with a green patina, mostly light green but with dark, shiny patches. The patina also covers the break surface, suggesting that the break is an ancient one. Apart from the break the object shows relatively little abrasion or damage.



The object is 35mm wide at the break, flaring to 46mm at the cutting edge, and 24mm in length, It is 8mm thick at the break, tapering to less than 1 mm at the cutting edge.



Similar objects on this database include SWYOR-BECF02 and SWYOR-7C54E2.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-01T00:00:00Z,2016-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,53.8,,,8,24,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Rushcliffe,Granby,SK7436,Generated from computer mapping software,52.91633463,-0.90092487,DENO-E9D14D,,DENOE9D14D.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENOE9D14D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595095.jpg
802795,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this fragment is trapezoidal in plan, triangular in profile, and rhomboidal in section, as it comes from one edge of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The surface of the ingot is pitted where air bubbles formed during the casting process and the sides of the fragment have cavities typically seen in these bun ingots. There are dark green and coppery brown areas and light green patches of bronze disease. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2016 T20) from St Levan (CORN-E8DF11) and in another hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which were found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, no.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork, and an ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers, Torbay on page 457, plate 40, no.306a, which are parts of larger plano-convex ingots.","Results of XRF analysis by Dr. Jens Andersen at Camborne School of Mines:



65% copper (but probably quite pure as 30% of the reading were recorded as anomalies which include gasses and not inclusions)



7.36% iron



0.16% antimony



0.04% zinc



0.03% tin



This is typical of readings taken from other individual Late Bronze Age ingots and also those in the hoards mentioned above.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-11-01T00:00:00Z,2008-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,415.85,36,,36,72,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Penzance,SW4631,From a paper map,50.12459427,-5.55500287,CORN-F4B411,,Sep16finds041.JPG,ingot (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Sep16finds041.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582025.jpg
802796,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this fragment is trapezoidal in plan and rhomboidal in profile and in section, as it comes from the centre of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The surface of the ingot is pitted where air bubbles formed during the casting process and typically seen in these bun ingots. There are dark green and coppery brown areas and light green patches of bronze disease. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers' hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2016 T20) from St Levan (CORN-E8DF11) and in another hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which were found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, no.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork, and an ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers, Torbay on page 457, plate 40, no.306b, which was found with a larger plano-convex ingot.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers in Devon on page 79, pl.6, no.123b (see DEV-D9F1E2), which is dated from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-17T23:00:00Z,2015-04-17T23:00:00Z,,,179.88,28,,28,42,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Madron,SW4430,From a paper map,50.11475892,-5.58225589,CORN-F588DE,,Sep16finds044.JPG,ingot (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Sep16finds044.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582022.jpg
802799,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Bronze Age axehead dating to the period c. 1600 - 800 BC. The fragment is most likely to derive from a socketed axe. It is difficult to make a more precise classification due to the shape of the remaining fragment, however, it has been suggested that it is more likely to be a Late Bronze Age socketed axe due to the position of the break along the body and the shape of the blade. The axehead is broadly trapezoidal in plan and triangular in profile. The fragment consists of a small portion of the blade and part of the socket. The blade tips are intact, however, the cutting edge has been removed by a series of old breaks. The blade narrows along its length away from the cutting edge and terminates in an old break. The casting seams appear to be trimmed and finished. The axehead has a dark brown and green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.6,,,9.78,32.31,1,Julie Dawn Shoemark,Julie Dawn Shoemark,South West,Devon,South Hams,Stoke Gabriel,SX8557,Centred on parish,50.40159139,-3.61950766,DEV-FC253B,,DEVFC253B.jpg,Bronze Age axehead fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jshoemark4/DEVFC253B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/581849.jpg
803218,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Two pieces of an incomplete copper-alloy late Bronze Age sword, dating to the period c.1100-800 BC. The two pieces fit together to form a blade that expands outwards from its pointed terminal before narrowing again. Worn breaks are present where the point has broken off, at the line of impact where the two pieces have separated and at the terminal which would have been closest to the grip. Corrosion is present in patches over the surface on both sides and the edges are very worn. The sword has a wide central ridge down its length and a lozengiform cross section which narrows in thickness towards the point. A brown and green patina is present on the surface.



Although most of the diagnostic features have been lost, the 'tongue-like' form of the blade suggests an Ewart Park or Wilburton type (Dot Boughton and Peter Reavill pers comm). 



Piece A measures 162.35mm in length, 37.75mm in width at its widest, 12.21mm in width at its narrowest, 8.06mm in thickness at its thickest (the middle point of its cross section) and weighs 168g.



Piece B measures 63.88mm in length, 36.27mm at its widest, 29.86mm at its narrowest, 8.46mm inthickness at its thickest (the middle point of its cross section) and weighs 81g.



Cf. LVPL-81B2D7 and LANCUM-0FD0F6 on the database",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,249,,,8.46,226.23,2,Denise Wilding,Denise Wilding,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Richmondshire,Brough with St. Giles,SE2197,From finder,54.36808581,-1.67828782,YORYM-17D783,,YORYM17D783.jpg,Bronze Age sword,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/denisewilding/YORYM17D783.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582237.jpg
803236,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Incomplete cast copper alloy long-flanged axehead with a crescentic blade that has worn to rounded terminals, dating from the Early Bronze Age. The blade is trapezoidal in plan, triangular in profile, tapering towards the cutting edge, and rectangular in section at the broken edge. The blade is incomplete and would have expanded to a crescent shape with pointed ends orginally. The blade narrows towards the broken end, which is below where the transverse stop ridge would have been, stopping the haft or handle from sliding down the blade when the axe was being used. There are seven transverse ridges and grooves surviving on one of the faces of the axe, between the flanges and above the crescentic blade, which range in length from 18 mm to 32 mm and are each about 4 mm wide. The surface of both faces is very pitted and there are patches of green corrosion product within some of these pits. 



Flanged axes decorated with transverse grooves and crescentic blades can be found during the Arreton metalwork phase of metalworking assemblage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996, 122) Period 3 (c.2000-1700 BC), such as the Class 5 axe illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 127, fig.28, no.87).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate a similar flanged axe with wide transverse grooves on the blade from Staxton in North Yorkshire in plate 33, no.411, which is classified as a Type Arreton long flanged axe and dated from the Arreton metalwork phase.



An example of a local Arreton flanged axe with the area above the crescentic blade decorated with incised transverse bands is illustrated in Pearce (1983) on page 615, pl.54, no.427.



The Arreton metalwork phase now dates from c.1700-1500 BC (Matt Knight pers comm).","Report by Matt Knight:



This is the lower blade of a small axe with the remains of low flanges extending onto the blade and an expanding crescentic cutting edge. There are four transverse grooves separated by five ridges on one face, spread between the flanges close to the break. There are the faint remains of the same decoration on the opposite face. These range in length from 8-32mm and are each about 4mm wide. It has been suggested these are destructive but the regular spacing and fine nature suggests they were decorative. The axe has broken below any possible transverse bevel so it is difficult to definitely identify, but the overall form of the axe is suggestive of Needham's Class 5, dating to the Arreton period.



Due to the corroded nature, it is difficult to identify definite signs of preparation and use. It is likely that the flanges were hammered up and the cutting edge had been worked to shape. The ridge and grooves are consistently patinated indicating these were deliberate decoration.



The axe has broken unevenly in antiquity across the middle of the blade, through the flanges. The break is consistently patinated/corroded and there are at least two macroscopic casting inclusions present in the break, which would have influenced the breakage. The ridge and grooves are situated very close to the break, raising the possibility that this was a deliberately destructive act, with the grooves representing failed strikes. However, it is more likely that the axe may have broken while incising the decoration.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-07-24T23:00:00Z,2016-07-24T23:00:00Z,,,103.4,,,11,58,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Madron,SW4733,From finder,50.1429742,-5.54236741,CORN-183F23,,Sep16finds060.JPG,flanged axe (decorated face),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/Sep16finds060.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582245.jpg
803455,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-600,The worn central part of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed gouge. What is left of the socket is 30.5mm deep.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.09,,12.3,,,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Worplesdon,SU9552,From a paper map,51.2592568,-0.63993175,SUR-2C92AC,,161337.jpg,Bronze Age: Gouge,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161337.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/589803.jpg
803473,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1400,-400,"A near complete copper alloy hair or dress pin, possibly a derivative of a Picardy-type pin of Middle Bronze Age date. The pin has a globular head with flat, indented top. Below the head is a slightly swollen collar decorated with two circumferential lines of simple incised linear scores of shirt length, arrange vertically around the pin. The shaft of the pin then tapers slowly with a sub-circular section into the almost rectangular terminal, which appears to be missing the very tip. The pin has been bent round and is now penannular; this may have been purposeful and reused as a bracelet. The pin does have similarities with an example of Cool's (1990:170) Class 24 pins of probably second century AD date, however identations on pin heads are seen throughout the Iron Age too. This pin does share similarities to Early and Middle Iron Age 'cup-headed pins' however examples of this period display a deeper cup than seen on the example recorded here. The patina, head style and otherwise simple form and decoration of this pin does suggest an early date - possibly Middle Bronze Age (1400-1250 BC) through to the Middle Iron Age (to c. 400 BC).","Picardy type pins are dated from the early Taunton phase of the Bronze Age and according to the most recent interpretations probably go out of use by the Renard phase, giving a date range of between c.1400 and 1250 BC (Roberts, 2007: 141). These pins are still very rare along the Atlantic seabord although there are two others known from Suffolk and at least one from Norfolk, but in general they seem confined to southern and south-eastern Britain.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-22T23:00:00Z,,,,29,,10.5,,65.1,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3996,From a paper map,51.66143571,-1.4375616,BERK-2CF06A,,oxpas2016377.jpg,Unknown pin: Ealry Iron Age?,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/oxpas2016377.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582375.jpg
803892,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A lump of casting waste, probably dating to the Late Bronze Age (1500-800BC). The object is formed of a flat circular section with a irregularly shaped lump projecting from one side. As the pattina suggests much of the lump is unbroken, there is no obvious form of object that would be shaped in such a way. The most likely answer would be a cauldron lug, though the object does not curve enough. 



Dimensions: length: 43.28 mm; width: 53.32 mm; thickness: 24.73 mm; weight: 117.13g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,117.13,,,24.73,43.28,1,B. Paites,B. Paites,Eastern,Essex,Brentwood,Warley,TQ5988,From finder,51.56845754,0.29276095,ESS-800C5F,,ESS800C5Fcastingwaste.jpg,"A lump of casting waste, probably dating to the Late Bronze Age (1500-800BC).",Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bpaites/ESS800C5Fcastingwaste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/582829.jpg
803896,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a Bronze Age axehead, probably from a palstave or a socketed axe (c.1600-c.800 BC). Only the cutting edge is present. It is convex with a V shaped side profile. It is corroded, and the break, 5-6 mm in from the edge, is pattinated and appears ancient. The fragment is 36 mm long, 6 mm wide and 4 mm thick. It weighs 4.5 g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-01T00:00:00Z,2016-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,4.5,,,4,36,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Rushcliffe,Granby,SK7436,Generated from computer mapping software,52.91633463,-0.90092487,DENO-805062,,DENO805062.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO805062.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595141.jpg
804292,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,Butt end of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave. The break is old and irregular and there is worn damage and pitting and corrosion on both faces. Extant length 30mm. Width 26mm. Thickness 13mm. Weight 31.61g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-06-29T23:00:00Z,2016-07-26T23:00:00Z,,,31.61,,,13,30,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Great Dunham,TF8814,,52.6910454,0.78031044,NMS-AAC3E7,,4188_AAC3E7_MBA_PalstaveFragment_ILL.jpg,Butt end of a Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/4188_AAC3E7_MBA_PalstaveFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154533.jpg
804316,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1001,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead with side-loops and a strong mid-rib on the blade. The tip, much of one blade edge, a small part of the other and fragments of the socket mouth are missing, a result of recent breaks. There is no peg hole in the socket which ends before the mid-point of the narrow leaf-shaped blade. Length 112mm. Width 17.5mm. Weight 29.85g. c.1300 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-06-18T23:00:00Z,2015-07-17T23:00:00Z,,,29.85,,,,112,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1096,Generated from computer mapping software,52.52139175,1.09392509,NMS-ABA4C6,,37333_ABA4C6_MBA_Spearhead_final.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kgreenwood2/37333_ABA4C6_MBA_Spearhead_final.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/620087.jpg
804331,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed side loop spear head dating to Middle Bronze Age (c. 1600-1150 BC). Part of the object is missing. The blade is leaf-shaped and lozengeform in cross-section, showing a prominent central ridge that extends into the old broken shaft. On one side is still visible the attachment point of the side loop which is incomplete from an old break. The spear head narrows from the tip to the shaft and measures 47.03mm in length and 14.59mm in width. The blade is 1.57mm in thick, the internal diameter of the shaft is 8.48mm and the spear measures 10.18g.



The spear is substancially smaller than the similar examples illustrated in Moore C.N. and Rowlands M. (1972), pl. XI.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,10.18,,8.48,1.57,47.03,1,Cristina Sanna,Cristina Sanna,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Alton,SU1162,,51.35696753,-1.84341314,WILT-AC4FB1,,WILTAC4FB1.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTAC4FB1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583006.jpg
804927,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of a Middle to Late Bronze Age spear. Only the tip survives. It is lozenge in section and has a shallow rib running down the centre on both sides. The entire perimeter is damaged. Much of the blade is pitted with bright green patches of corrosion, however, the original surface is smooth and has a mid-brown patina. The break is irregular and does not appear to have been done intentionally.



38mm x 16mm x 3mm. 5.73g.



This item possibly dates to the Ewart park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1,000-700BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.74,,,3.73,38,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,South Kelsey,TF0497,From a paper map,53.4594918,-0.43509125,LIN-12DB24,,LIN12DB24.jpg,Late Bronze Age spear,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN12DB24.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583298.jpg
804929,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of a Middle to Late Bronze Age spear. Only part of the blade located near to the terminal (tip-end) survives. It is lozenge in section and has a pronounced rib running down the centre on both sides. The entire perimeter is damaged. Much of the blade is pitted with bright green patches of corrosion, however, the original surface is smooth and has a mid-brown patina. One of the breaks is irregular and does not appear to have been done intentionally; the other, however, is more regula, straight, and might be the result of having been cut.



38mm x 21mm x 4mm. 12.58g.



This item possibly dates to the Ewart park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1,000-700BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.58,,,4,38,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,South Kelsey,TF0497,From a paper map,53.4594918,-0.43509125,LIN-12E7A1,,LIN12E7A1.jpg,Late Bronze Age spear,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN12E7A1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583300.jpg
805054,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-650,"A nearly complete cast copper-alloy socketed gouge dating to c. 1000 to 650 BC. The gouge is oval in cross ssection and narrows from the base to the tip. On both sides are visible small ribs, residue of the casting process. The tip of the object is thinner than the body and is U-shape in cross section with a central groove that is 6,50mm in length and narrows down through the body, disappearing before reaching the base. The gourge has not been finished as elements from the casting process have not been removed.



It measures 46.04mm in length, 10.91mm in width, 2.23mm in thick and weighs 22.77g.



Similar examples are recorded on PAS database as WILT-FF82BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,22.77,,,2.23,46.04,1,Cristina Sanna,Cristina Sanna,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Breamore,SU1520,,50.97921639,-1.78770725,WILT-15C64C,,2251.jpg,Bronze Age gouge,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cristinasanna/2251.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/584068.jpg
805221,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A developed flat axe with hammer raised flanges of later Early Bronze Age date (c. 2000 - 1700 BC) specifically of the axe type Arreton which is dated to Early Bronze Age III, of metalworking stage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL BC.



This axehead is broadly sub-rectangular with an expanded crescent shaped blade. The butt is narrow and rounded and measures 22mm in width and is 3.4mm thick. In profile the axe is a sub pointed oval with both terminals tapering. In section the axe is slightly H-shaped as the side edges of the axe have been worked to form a slight raised collar rather than cast flanges .The expanded blade measures 43.64mm in width and is 2.4mm thick.



The axe is in good condition although there is some damage to the blade. The object has a green patina and the surface is slightly pitted. A small area of the original cutting surface survives on the central part of the blade but there is some damage towards the peripheries of the cutting edge. The sides of the axe are raised, with distinct but very low flanges extending from the base of the blade to near the butt. There is no evidence of casting seams which would indicate that the axehead has been reworked after casting to produce the raised flanges.



The axehead measures 96.19mm in length, 43.64mm in width (at the blade) is 11.4mm thick and weighs 131.04g.



In HESH-3AFE67 Peter Reavill comments that the axehead is best described as coming from the Arreton type of long-flanged developed flat axes (cf Burgess and Schmidt: Axes of Northern Britain pp 65 - 75 specifically 420, 423and 413). Burgess and Schmidt suggest from their study that the distribution of this Arreton type concentrates in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Their work though looks directly at the axes of Scotland and Northern England.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,131.04,,,11.4,96.19,1,Peter Reavill,Sarah Kelman,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Rampisham,ST5502,From finder,50.8157883,-2.64012903,DOR-28154A,,28154A.jpg,Bronze Age axe head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sarahk/28154A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/591617.jpg
805235,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy axehead fragment, 37mm long, 20mm wide and 12mm thick with a weight of 24.28grams. The object is rectangular in form and triangular in cross section and is worn. It has a rounded outer edge, forming the axes blade and is hollow.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2016-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,24.28,,,12,37,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,,Leicestershire,Harborough,Hallaton,SP7797,Generated from computer mapping software,52.56539019,-0.86545657,LEIC-287929,,LEIC287929.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy axehead blade,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC287929.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583484.jpg
805402,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1100,1500,"A fragment of a copper alloy palstave dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age c. 1500 - 1150 BC. The fragment is sub-rectangular in shape the butt and a fragment of the flanged sides survive. The axe has an angular butt . The sides are unfinished, as you can still see the ridges from the casting process.





The faces of the axe fragment are slightly concave, creating a H-shaped cross-section. The faces of the axe show signs of wear, such as scratches and the break is even and patinated, suggesting that the object was broken in antiquity, located at the break are two voids from a casting flaw. 



The fragment measures 25.31mm in length, 24.93mm wide, 12.78mm thick and weighs 34.11 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Grace Clark,Grace Clark,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,From finder,51.01537053,-1.95860828,WILT-2B2AF1,,WILT2B2AF1.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT2B2AF1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/588223.jpg
805507,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-2050,"A complete cast copper-alloy narrow butted Early Bronze Age (c.2,300 BC-c.2,050 BC) flat axehead, of the Metal Assemblages Type III. The object can be classified somewhere between the Migdale and Aylesford types, as the blade is fan-shaped, with narrow blade tips, and tapers into a narrow trapezoidal head with straight sides and a slightly-damaged flat-edged butt. In profile the axehead is a pointed oval, tapering from the stop bevel at the centre to a tip at the cutting edge and the butt. The axehead is rectangular in cross-section. The object is patinated browny-green and pitted. Overall the object measures 80.99mm long, 39.37mm wide and 12.74mm thick. It weighs 138.48g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-09-02T23:00:00Z,,,,138.48,,,12.74,80.99,1,Sophie Mander,Sophie Mander,East Midlands,Derbyshire,North East Derbyshire,Holymoorside and Walton,SK3268,Generated from computer mapping software,53.20810943,-1.52233631,DENO-3B99A3,,DENO3B99A3.jpg,Early Bronze Age Flat Axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO3B99A3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/599117.jpg
805523,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard of five objects.



1. Palstave butt end fragment



Dimensions: Surviving length 24.7mm; butt width 23.5mm; max. thickness at break 11.2mm; surviving weight 25.9g.



Small butt end fragment of palstave. In side view, the flanges reach the septum approximately 14mm below the butt end and there is some concavity and change of angle in the upper profile. The butt end is wide and angular, with a slightly convex curved top. On both faces of the upper septum, repeated scratch marks are evident and these look relatively recent. The break appears to have occurred in antiquity. The fragment has a dark grey green patination.



2. Palstave butt end fragment



Dimensions: Surviving length 29.7mm; butt width 21.3mm; max. thickness at break 11.8mm; surviving weight 26.8g.



Small butt end fragment of a palstave. In side view, the flanges reach the septum approximately 17mm below the butt end and there is little concavity and change of angle in the upper profile. The butt end tapers noticeably in plan view to approximately 21.3mm. There is some damage to the end profile, although it would appear that the butt end had a slightly convex curved top profile. The break appears to have been made in antiquity. The fragment has a light grey green patination with some surface pitting and corrosion evident.



3. Small blade fragment



Dimensions: Surviving length 32.7mm; width at breaks 16.5mm & 17.5mm; max. thickness 4.8mm; surviving weight 10.4g.



Small and narrow blade fragment, whose blade has a rounded centre-section. The blade sides are slightly concave. In side view, there is slight bending of the blade near the upper blade break, suggesting forcible breaking of the blade. Some areas of original blade face surfaces have been eroded, while blade edges have pale green powdering. The break surfaces are worn, suggesting the blade was broken in antiquity. The blade fragment has a green-brown patina.



4. Spearhead lower blade fragment



Dimensions: Surviving length 33.0mm; max. surviving width at lower break 26.2mm; maximum thickness at lower break 10.9mm; aperture diameter at lower break 7.5mm; surviving weight 20.7g.



Small lower blade fragment of a spearhead with a rounded midrib. The wide midrib tapers significantly from approximately13mm at lower break to approximately 10mm at the upper break, indicating it is a lower blade fragment. In side-section, there is an oval shaped hollow up the central midrib of the blade (7.6mm wide at lower break and 5.2mm wide at upper break). The blade margins and edges have been eroded away and are absent. In side view, there is pronounced bending towards the upper break, suggesting forcible breaking of the spearhead. Near the lower break on one face, there is a flattening and slight dent, suggesting breakage through impact with an implement of unknown form. The break surfaces are worn, suggesting the spearhead was broken in antiquity. One face is differentially eroded and pitted, with a pale green patina, while the reverse has greater survival of original surfaces and has a dark grey-green patina. The eroded edges are pale green and powdery.



5. Flat plate fragment



Dimensions: Maximum length 23.7mm; maximum width 21.4mm; thickness 4.0mm; surviving weight 8.8g.



Small flat plate fragment. One edge has a bevelled margin, as if it was deliberately shaped and was an upper surface. Very slight, almost imperceptible concavity of the reverse side suggests it may have been an interior surface. On both surfaces, there are slight linear and irregular shaped surface blemishes, showing as slight negative depressions. These are probable irregularities created during the casting process. The break edges of the plate are eroded, suggesting breakage in antiquity. The plate fragment has a dark grey-green patina.



Discussion (by Adam Gwilt)



The two palstave butt fragments (Nos. 1 & 2) may be identified with confidence as either belonging to Transitional palstaves of Middle Bronze Age date or Late palstaves of Late Bronze Age date. The chief discriminating feature between the butts of these two forms is in the shape of the side flange profile. With Transitional palstaves, flanges are highest at the stop and they typically extend in a straight line from stop to butt, to give an elongated lozenge form (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 145-6). Late palstaves, by contrast have short flanges, curving and descending to meet the septum well below the butt (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 158). The distinction however is one of degree: some later Transitional palstaves do have flanges reaching the septum well below the butt, with some concave curvature in the slope evident (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 146). On these two small butt fragments, a clear typological distinction is difficult to make, since both have side flanges which meet the septum some distance below the butt and hinting at a concavity of slope, rather than in a straight line. The wide and square end of one palstave fragment (No. 1) is a tendency more typically viewed on Late palstaves (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, Plates 66-7), however some Transitional palstaves also exhibit similar characteristics. On this morphological evidence, it is difficult to differentiate between later examples of Transitional palstaves or Late palstaves.



The presence of small but deliberately added quantities of lead (1-5%) to the composition of these palstaves is instructive. Metallurgical analysis of Transitional palstaves from Wales and The Marches has indicated a general pattern of unleaded bronze compositions with trace presences (less than 0.1%) of lead in some (Northover unpublished b, Analyses 451-86). By contrast, analyses of Late palstaves from Wales and The Marches show leaded bronze compositions with a range of 1.0-17.5% lead added, and frequently in the range of 1-6% (Northover unpublished b, Analyses 496-545). On this metallurgical evidence, the two palstave butt fragments from Penllyn are consistent with Late palstave compositions and, on a balance of probability, are probably fragments of Late palstaves rather than Transitional palstaves.



Late palstaves were made during the Wilburton and Ewart Park phases of the Late Bronze Age and spanning from 1150 to 800 BC (e.g. Savory 1980, 47; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 162-3; Northover unpublished a, 212, 270, 274-7; Davies & Lynch 2000, 180-7 & Fig. 4.15). In Wales, Late palstaves were included within the Guilsfield hoard of late Wilburton date (e.g. Savory 1980, 117-8, Fig. 32) and they have commonly been found in hoards of Ewart Park date (e.g. Savory 1980, 120-2, Cats. 275, 281 & 285 & Figs. 31, 42 & 44; Northover unpublished a, Hoards 3, 28, 63, 68, 74, 108, 114, 130, 134).

The small blade fragment (No. 3), though not definitively diagnostic has two diagnostic features, a narrow blade form combined with a blade with rounded centre section. This is sufficient to exclude the possibility of it belonging to a dagger or knife of Early Bronze Age date (e.g. Gerloff 1975), or a sword blade of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (e.g. Colquhoun & Burgess 1988). This leaves two main possibilities: either a blade fragment from a socketed knife of Late Bronze Age date or a rapier blade fragment of Middle Bronze Age date, possibly from a reworked blade.



The unusually narrow blade width is not frequently paralleled amongst the known examples of socketed knives from Wales (Gwilt et al 2005, 54). However a similar blade width and profile with a rounded centre section is seen on a single example of socketed knife from Minera, Wrexham (Savory 1980, 54, 111, Cat. 224a & Fig. 26; Gwilt et al 2005, 54). This has a blade width of approximately 16.5mm, in comparison with the range of 16.5-17.5mm width on this blade fragment. The Minera knife is of Type Thorndon, a type dating to the Late Bronze Age, with a number of associations in the Ewart Park phase dating to between 1000-800 BC (e.g. Hodges 1956; Coles 1959-60, 46; Needham 1993,44-6 & Fig. 33.10; Gwilt et al 2005, 37 & 54-55, Appendix 2).



Alternatively, this combination of blade features most closely matches one of the later types of Group IV rapiers, such as Type Appleby or Type Stuntney (Burgess & Gerloff 1981, 74-84). These belong to the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age but continued into the Wilburton phase at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, spanning the centuries from 1300 to 1000 BC (Burgess & Gerloff 1981, 106-109). Group IV rapiers are the most common of the British rapier forms and were commonly reworked later during their use lives, often being found as broken and undiagnostic blade fragments. It is possible therefore, that a rapier made towards the end of the Middle Bronze Age could remain in use and circulation into the Late Bronze Age, only being deposited in a hoard then.



The presence of small but deliberately added quantities of lead (1-5%) to the composition of this blade fragment is however instructive in determining between these two possibilities. Metallurgical analysis of nine examples of Middle Bronze Age Group IV rapiers from Wales and The Marches has so far indicated a pattern of unleaded bronze compositions with trace lead presences (less than 0.5%) in some (Northover unpublished b, Analyses 997-1007). Similar analyses of eleven examples of Late Bronze Age socketed knives and reworked knife blades from Wales and The Marches typically show leaded bronze compositions with a range of 2.0-9.5% lead added (Northover unpublished b, Analyses 1353-68). This would be in a range consistent with the composition of the blade fragment, suggesting it is probably from a socketed knife of Late Bronze Age date, and not a blade fragment from a Group IV rapier.



The spearhead fragment (No. 4) is part of a lower blade, as evidenced by the size of the internal aperture (7.5mm) along the central rib of the spear at the lower break. No diagnostic features are preserved on this spearhead fragment, to link it to type and secure date. A spearhead with a prominent rounded mid-rib and circular to oval shaped internal aperture is consistent with deriving from a larger side-looped spearhead or basal looped spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150BC), or a pegged spearhead of Late Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC) (e.g. Ehrenberg 1977; Davis 2006; 2012). The spearhead contains a small percentage of deliberately added lead (1-5%), which may be compared with the compositions of other spearheads of side-looped, basal-looped and pegged spearheads from Wales and The Marches. The existing compositional data indicates side-looped and basal-looped spearheads of Middle Bronze Age date contain up to 1.5% lead, though most commonly less than 1% lead (Northover unpublished b, Analyses 1111-1161). The plain pegged and lozenge sectioned spearheads of the Late Bronze Age contain a range of 0.6-18.6% lead composition, most commonly in the 1.5-10% range (Northover unpublished b, Analyses 1164-1267). On the basis of metallurgical composition, this spearhead fragment has a lead content most likely to derive from a Late Bronze Age pegged spearhead form.



The bronze plate fragment (No. 5) proves problematic to identify to a known class of finished artefact of Bronze Age date. While its bevelled edge, slightly convex upper surface and slight concavity of the underside suggest the possibility of once belonging to a cast artefact, it exhibits no diagnostic features. However its bronze composition, with a small added component of lead (1-5%) is the same as the composition of the other artefacts and suggests that this piece is probably of contemporary age. Its similar patination, thickness and cast technology all add to this suggestion. Ingot and plate scrap fragments become recognised raw material components of hoards during the Late Bronze Age. The Guilsfield, Powys hoard contains many fragments cast plate fragments of leaded bronze (Savory 1965; 1980, 117-8, Cat. 268, Fig. 38). It is possible therefore, that this plate fragment represents a bi-product of the bronze casting process; a piece of bronze available for recycling and casting into a finished object.



The dating of all the artefact types present in this scatter suggests a probable date during the Wilburton or Ewart Park periods of the Late Bronze Age, spanning from 1150 to 800 BC (Needham 1996; Needham et al 1997). Typological attribution has been considerably aided by semi-quantitative analyses of the metallurgical compositions of these artefacts and their comparison with existing quantitative data from known Bronze Age metalwork from Wales and The Marches. Small, but deliberate additions of lead to the bronze in all cases, have tipped identifications of these highly fragmentary pieces in favour of known Late Bronze Age possible types and away from Middle Bronze Age possibilities. These similar compositional signatures are consistent with the artefacts being of contemporary date when deposited.



Given their tight spatial clustering within a 50m area of a field and the presence of multiple artefacts of contemporary date, it is felt that, on a balance of probability and given the evidence available, these artefacts were once probably buried together as a hoard group, and therefore may be regarded as treasure. It is probable that the artefacts had been disturbed in recent times on this shallow soil onto bedrock, possibly through spike harrowing or ploughing of marginal land during the Second World War. The finder reported also discovering modern agricultural harrow spikes of iron within the field where the artefacts were reported. It is possible that further artefacts or artefact fragments remain to be discovered in this field and were also once part of the same hoard. The association of Late palstaves, knife and spearhead in this hoard group and the highly fragmented character of artefacts reported, make its composition and character unusual for south east Wales. Here, most Ewart Park hoards are dominated by socketed axes of the South Wales type (e.g. McNeil 1973; Moore 1978; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004), while complete or near complete artefacts are usually present in addition to fragmentary objects.","Metallurgical Analysis (by Mary Davis)



Qualitative surface analysis of the objects within the hoard was undertaken using a Bruker TRACeR III-SD hand-held X-ray fluorescent spectrometer (HHXRF) with a rhodium tube, and a titanium/aluminium filter. The readings were taken at 40 kV and 9.6µA for 100 live seconds. Surface analysis is susceptible to distortions due to the asymmetry of whole objects (rather that flat polished samples). Surface corrosion can lead to the surface enrichment (e.g. tin) and depletion (e.g. zinc) of elements; lead is often unevenly distributed within copper alloys. These factors can affect the quantities of copper and tin, lead and zinc analysed on the surface of an object.



Results



All objects are of bronze with relatively small quantities of lead deliberately added (above 1%, and probably less than 5% lead). The quantities of major elements vary, and the trace elements show different patterns of presence/absence.



The consistent and deliberate addition of small quantities of lead to these tin bronze objects provides evidence in support of their contemporary date. Specifically, it helps to demonstrate that the flat plate fragment (No. 5 above) has a composition consistent with the other artefacts in the group. The deliberate addition of lead to bronze within the casting process is first witnessed during the Wilburton phase of the Late Bronze Age (e.g. Northover 1980; 1982; unpublished a, 205). For these fragmentary artefacts, which are not entirely diagnostic to type and date, this leaded bronze metallurgical composition provides evidence in support of a Late Bronze Age date, rather than a Middle Bronze Age date.



References



Burgess, C.B. & Gerloff, S. 1981. The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abt IV.7, München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Coles, J.M. 1959-60. Scottish Late Bronze Age Metalwork: Typology, Distributions and Chronology, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 93, 16-134.



Colquhoun, I. & Burgess, C.B. 1988. The Swords of Britain, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abt IV.5, München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Davis, R. 2006. Basal-Looped Spearheads; Typology, chronology, context and use; BAR International Series 1497, Oxford: Archaeopress.



Davis, R. 2012. The Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abt V.5, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.



DCMS 2002. The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales, London: Department of Culture, Media and Sport.



Davies, J.L. & Lynch, F. 2000. The Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, In F. Lynch, S. Aldhouse-Green & J.L. Davies (eds.), Prehistoric Wales, Stroud: Sutton, 139-219.



Ehrenberg. M.R. 1977. Bronze Age Spearheads from Berks, Bucks and Oxon, Oxford: BAR Reports 34.



Gerloff, S. 1975. The Early Bronze Age Daggers in Great Britain and a Reconsideration of the Wessex Culture, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abt. VI.2, München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Gwilt, A. 2004. Late Bronze Age Societies (1150-600BC); Tools and Weapons, In M. Aldhouse-Green & R. Howell (eds.), The Gwent County History; Volume 1: Gwent in Prehistory and Early History, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 111-139.



Gwilt, A., Kucharski, K., Silvester, R. &Davis, M. (2005) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from TrevalynFarm, Rossett, Wrexham, Studia Celtica 39, 27-61.



Hodges, H.W.M. 1956. Studies in the Late Bronze Age in Ireland; 2. The Typology and Distributionof Bronze Implements, Ulster Journal of Archaeology 19, 29-56.



McNeil, R. 1973. A Report on the Bronze Age Hoard from Wick Park, Stogursey, Somerset, Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 117, 47-64.



Moore, C.N. 1978. The South Welsh Axe; its origins and distribution, Archaeological Journal 135, 57-66.



Needham, S.P. 1981. The Bulford-Helsbury Manufacturing Tradition; The production of Stogursey socketed axes during the Late Bronze Age in Southern Britain, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 13, London: British Museum.



Needham, S. 1993. The Beestan Castle Bronze Age Metalwork and its significance, In (ed.) P. Ellis, Beeston Castle, Cheshire; Excavations by Laurence Keen & Peter Hough, 1968-85, London: English Heritage Archaeological Report No. 23, 41-50.



Needham, S.P. 1996. Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, 121-40.



Needham, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Coombs, D., Cartwight, C. & Pettitt, P. 1997. AnIndependent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme, Archaeological Journal 154, 55-107.



Northover, J.P. 1980. Appendix: The Analysis of Welsh Bronze Age Metalwork, In H.N.Savory 1980, 229-43.



Northover, P. 1982. The Metallurgy of the Wilburton Hoards, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 1,69-109.



Northover, J. P. unpublished a. Bronze Age Metalwork of Wales and The Marches, unpublished manuscript & catalogue.



Northover, J.P. unpublished b. Listing of Analyses of Bronze Age Metalwork from Wales and The Marches, unpublished manuscript.



Savory, H.N. 1965. The Guilsfield Hoard, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 21(II), 179-96.



Savory, H.N. 1980. Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. IX.7, München: C.H.Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2013-12-20T00:00:00Z,2014-01-15T00:00:00Z,2014TW09,,,,,,,5,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,ST0179,From finder,51.50123654,-3.4276731,NMGW-3BF02D,,DH007216_02.jpg,Late Bronze Age Hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH007216_02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583672.jpg
805527,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard of six objects.



1. Ribbed socketed axe - South Wales Type socketed axe



Dimensions: surviving length 87.1mm; surviving blade width 44.6mm; surviving weight 156.8g.



This is a socketed axe with a damaged and largely absent mouth and damage to the blade end and lower side caused by erosion, lamination and detachment of the original surfaces from the core. The axe has a narrow and out-splayed mouth moulding, the top too damaged to observe its original shape or evidence for runner stubs. The axe is sub-rectangular in section with rounded face edges. The loop is absent, though two scars indicate the loop was high but descended from beneath the moulding. From the underside of the moulding on both faces, three ribs descend over three quarters of the length of the faces. Though largely parallel with each other, they curve slightly and converge slightly towards the blade end. Casting seams are visible down both sides, though they have been hammered down or filed. The blade end is too damaged to observe whether it was prepared for use. The axe has a brown patination and break edges are unstable and laminating in places.



2. Plain slender socketed axe fragment - unidentifiable to type



Dimensions: surviving length 84.4mm; surviving blade width 34.1mm; surviving weight 112.1g.



This is the blade and body of a plain slender socketed axe, missing its mouth end. The sides are near parallel with no evidence of recurving at the blade end. The surfaces are eroded, however there is no evidence of rib decoration on the upper blade and the face edges are rounded. The axe has a sub-rectangular cross-section. The loop is missing, though a pair of eroded scars are evident on one side. The blade edge, although eroded, exhibits a marked asymmetry, probably through repeated use and re-sharpening. The axe has a brown patination and the mouth breaks are unstable. There is surface cracking evident on one mid-face, suggesting surfaces are unstable and laminating.



3. Ribbed socketed axe fragment - unidentifiable to type



Dimensions: surviving length 76.8mm; surviving blade width 31.2mm; surviving weight 28.0g.



This is a highly eroded blade and side fragment of a slender socketed axe. The side of the axe is near straight and shows no recurving at the blade end. The narrow blade suggests a slender axe and the blade end is slightly assymetric, possibly through use and re-sharpening. The feint projecting line a possible linear rib can just be traced on the eroded axe face, suggesting that this was once a ribbed form of socketed axe. The loop is missing, however one loop scar is evident just beneath the side break, suggesting the axe was originally in the range of 100-110mm long. An apparent gently curved protrusion near the face edge has been created through differential erosion of the axe surfaces, the socket wall behind it being even and undistorted. All faces and breaks are highly eroded and the axe has a green patination.



4. Socketed axe fragment - undiagnostic



Dimensions: surviving length 59.3mm; surviving blade width 37.8mm; surviving weight 65.2g.



This is the highly eroded blade end fragment of a socketed axe. The sides are straight and parallel with no evidence of recurving at the blade end. The axe is sub-rectangular in cross-section. Insufficient of the axe faces survive to tell whether the axe was plain or had ribbed decoration. On one face, there is evidence of deliberate impact in antiquity with a sharp pointed tool or weapon, which has punctured and deformed the socket wall inwards in two places. The original axe surfaces are largely eroded and removed and the axe has a brown patination.



5. Socketed tool fragment - undiagnostic



Dimensions: surviving length 39.9mm; maximum surviving width 25.2mm; maximum thickness 12.5mm; surviving weight 20.3g.



This is a small highly eroded socket base and face fragment of a socketed tool of uncertain form. In side-section, the faces are tapering towards the blade end. The linear socket base and surviving width of the object suggest a narrow and flat bladed socketed tool - perhaps a socketed knife or a very slender axe. There is no moulding or change of slope evident on the surface to indicate a socket to blade transition. The lower breaks are extremely eroded, while the upper socket wall is laminating. Surface cracking and lamination is evident on one face and side. The artefact has a brown patination.



6. Jet - two runner form



Dimensions: top surface length 27.9mm; top surface width 23.9mm; maximum height 19.6mm; weight 24.6g.



This is an oval shaped jet of conical form. The upper surface is uneven and has a radial cooling pattern. The underside tapers, taking the contours of the top of the clay mould. Two runners extend beyond the base of the reservoir and are elongate oval in shape, (8.8mm long and 4.5mm wide and 6.5 by 3.8mm in size at root). At one point, an irregular bronze protrusion extends sideways, once infilling a small cavity in the top of the mould. The jet has a green patination, although an area of the underside has a dark blue-grey patina. This artefact appears fresh and unworn.



Discussion (by Adam Gwilt)



One of the socketed axes in this group (No. 1) may be confidently identified as of South Wales Type, dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC). The combination of out-splayed mouth, high placed and ephemeral loop, blocky rectangular form, ribs descending from the underside of the collar and poorly finished state following casting are all diagnostic elements, in combination helping to identify it to this type (e.g. Needham 1981, 31; Northover unpublished, 259-60; Burgess 2012, 239 & Fig. 1). These socketed axes and their variant forms a frequent and dominating element within Ewart Park hoards across south east Wales (e.g. McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980, 49, 120-2; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004). Here, over thirty hoards now contain at least 140 examples. They are also frequent smaller presences in contemporary hoards across mid and north-east Wales, south western and England, southern England and northern France, with occasional outliers in northern Britain and Ireland (McNeil 1973, 61-4; Moore 1978; Needham 1981, 55-66; Burgess 2012, 241-4 & Fig. 2).



A second axe may be tentatively identified as a ribbed socketed axe (No. 3), but undiagnostic to type. Hoards containing multiple associations of South Wales Type socketed axes are common in south east Wales. Further types of ribbed socketed axes are also known and are also common components within Late Bronze Age hoards of Ewart Park date in Wales. These are variously known as Southern English/Welby Type ribbed axes, Yorkshire Type axes, Croxton Type axes, Llanarth Type axes and Breiddin Type axes (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 221-39; Needham 1990, 32-38; Northover unpublished, 267).



The presence of a plain socketed axe of slender form (No. 2) may also be discerned, however the absence of a mouth precludes certain identification to type. However, its slender proportions, lack of facets and sub-rectangular cross-section help to rule out many plain and all faceted types, while tending to point towards the axe belonging to a Class A South-eastern type socketed axe (e.g. Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 212-7; Needham 1990, 28-31; Northover unpublished, Cats. 624-53). When found in hoards in Britain, they are almost exclusively dated to the Ewart Park/Carp's Tongue phase of the Late Bronze Age (e.g. Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 216-7; Needham 1990, 30).



The axe blade fragment (No. 4), although not identifiable to type, did belong to a socketed axe. Socketed axes are a diagnostic artefact form of the Late Bronze Age, with the overwhelming majority made and buried at this time. While a few exceptional examples are known in the Middle Bronze Age and certain forms continued to be made and used into the Earliest Iron Age, the vast majority known in Wales and Britain belong to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (e.g. O'Connor 1980, 161 & 225; Schmidt & Burgess 1981; Gwilt 2004; Northover unpublished, 237-90). Therefore, the association of such an undiagnostic blade fragment is entirely consistent with a Late Bronze Age hoard of Ewart Park date (1000-800 BC).



The socketed tool fragment (No. 5) is not identifiable to artefact type. Its narrow dimensions and narrow, linear socket base suggest either the mid blade fragment of a slender or small socketed axe, or perhaps the socket to upper blade interface of a socketed knife. The seeming absence of a step between the socket and upper blade and the lack of evidence for a perforation through the wall of the socket are factors suggesting that this socket fragment does not have dimensions entirely typical of Type Thorndon or Type Dungiven socketed knives (Hodges 1956; Gwilt et al 2005, 54-5). However, it is possible that this may have belonged to a knife with a particularly long socket or not entirely conforming to typical characteristics. Socketed axes of small size or very slender form, possessing narrow sockets and narrow blade widths do exist within the overall range of sizes and dimensions of socketed axes known in Britain and Ireland (e.g. Schmidt & Burgess 1981; Pearce 1983; Eogan 2000; Northover unpublished). The width of this socket is particularly slender and implying an axe with a blade width in the range of 25-35mm. Very small or slender socketed axes may be of plain, faceted or ribbed types. It is likely that many had a specialist function, as distinct from the more common and general purpose axes.



The jet of two runner form (No. 6) is the excess reservoir of metal at the top of a mould and a bi-product of the casting process. Jets are commonly incorporated into hoards during the Late Bronze Age, yet are rarely present within hoards of Early and Middle Bronze Age date. Examples with between one and four runners are known. This relatively small example with two runners could have been used to cast a socketed axe, a spearhead or a socketed tool.

The South Wales Type axe (No. 1) and jet (No. 6) are diagnostic artefacts which may be dated to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age spanning from 1000 BC to 800 BC (Needham 1996; Needham et al 1997). The less diagnostic artefact fragments belong to classes of artefacts that are also consistent with this Ewart Park date. The range of possible artefact types suggested have been found in association with socketed axes of South Wales Type and within hoards of Ewart Park date in Wales.



The account of the discovery indicates that the artefacts were found buried at significant depth beneath the surface and closely clustered together. The artefacts were retrieved from four adjacent and deep detector pits, however no archaeological burial context, such as a pit, was observed by the finder. On the basis of this evidence, a hoard of directly associated artefacts can be confirmed. The finder indicated that the find-spot was within a boggy and uncultivated field, speculating that the hoard may have been buried in an ancient pond or within a river bed. Today, springs do issue into small stream channels in the immediate vicinity of the finds and in this boggy area, although the extent to which drainage patterns may have changed during the post-Medieval period through mining and quarrying is not fully known. This specific watery landscape locality may have been deliberately selected for the deposition of the hoard as a gift to the gods (Gwilt 2004, 121; Gwilt et al 2013, 11).","References



Briggs, C.S. & Williams, G.H. 1995. The Late Bronze Age Hoard from Allt Gelli Felen, Myddfai, Carmarthenshire, and other recent finds of South Wales axes, Archaeologia Cambrensis 144, 37-51.



Burgess, C. 2012. South Welsh socketed axes and other carp's tongue conundrums, In (eds.) W.J.Britnell & R.J. Silvester, Reflections on the Past; Essays in honour of Frances Lynch,Welshpool: Cambrian Archaeological Association, 237-53.



Coombs, D. 1991. Bronze objects, In C.R. Musson (ed.), 1991, 132-41. The Breiddin Hillfort; A laterprehistoric settlement in the Welsh Marches, CBA Research Report No. 76, London: Council for British Archaeology, 132-41.



Davies, Rev. E. 1929. The Prehistoric & Roman Remains of Denbighshire, Cardiff: William Lewis.



DCMS 2002. The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



Eogan, G. 2000. The Socketed Bronze Axes in Ireland, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abt. 9.22, Stuttgart; Franz Steiner Verlag.



GGAT 1977-8. Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Annual Report, 31-2 & Fig. 8.



Gwilt, A. 2004. Late Bronze Age Societies (1150-600BC); Tools and Weapons, In M. Aldhouse-Green & R. Howell (eds.), The Gwent County History; Volume 1: Gwent in Prehistory and Early History, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 111-139.



Gwilt, A. 2008. 1223. Llancarfan, Vale of Glamorgan: Late Bronze Age hoard (05.15), In Treasure Annual Report 2005/6, London: Department for Culture Media and Sport, 221.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. 2005. Note: Wick (SS 92 72), Archaeology in Wales 45, 154.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. 2006. Archaeological Note: A Late Bronze Age Metalwork Hoard from Llancarfan, Vale of Glamorgan, Morgannwg 50, 186.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. 2013. Archaeological Note: A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Colwinston, Vale of Glamorgan, Morgannwg 57, 162-5. 



Gwilt, A., Johnson, S.L., Lodwick, M. & Davis, M. 2011. Treasure Act 1996 (Case 11.10 Wales); A Late Bronze Age Hoard from St. Ishmael, Carmarthenshire, unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Kucharski, K., Silvester, R. & Davis, M. 2005. A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevalyn Farm, Rossett, Wrexham, Studia Celtica 39, 27-61.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Worrell, S. 2013. Reporting Finds, sharing treasures: Bronze Age metalwork discoveries from Wales, PAST 75, 10-12.



Hodges, H.W.M. 1956. Studies in the Late Bronze Age in Ireland; 2. The typology and distribution of bronze implements, Ulster Journal of Archaeology 19, 29-56. 



Hussey, M.S. 1964-66. Final Excavations at the Lesser Garth Cave, Pentyrch, Transactions of the Cardiff Naturalists' Society 93, 18-39.



Lodwick, M. & Gwilt, A. 2007. 486. Wick, the Vale of Glamorgan; Late Bronze Age base- metal hoard (04.7), Treasure Annual Report 2004, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 200 & 319.



Lynch, F. 1991. Prehistoric Anglesey; The Archaeology of the Island to the Roman Conquest, Llangefni: The Anglesey Antiquarian Society (2nd edition).



McNeil, R. 1973. A Report on the Bronze Age Hoard from Wick Park, Stogursey, Somerset, Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 117, 47-64.



Metcalf, V. & Lambert, I.G. 1979. Note: Peterston-super-Ely (ST 07567547), Archaeologyin Wales, 19, 17.



Moore, C.N. 1978. The South Welsh Axe; its origins and distribution, Archaeological Journal 135, 57-66.



Musson, C.R. 1991. The Breiddin Hillfort; A later prehistoric settlement in the Welsh Marches, CBA Research Report No. 76, London: Council for British Archaeology.



Needham, S.P. 1981. The Bulford-Helsbury Manufacturing Tradition; The production of Stogursey socketed axes during the Late Bronze Age in Southern Britain, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 13, London: British Museum.



Needham, S.P. 1990. The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork; An analytical study of Thames Valley metalworking in its settlement context, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 70.



Needham, S. 1996. Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, 121-40.



Needham, S. Ramsey, C.B., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C. & Pettitt, P. 1997. An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme, Archaeological Journal 154, 55-107.



Northover, J.P. unpublished Bronze Age Metalwork from Wales and the Marches, unpublishedmanuscript and catalogue.



O'Connor, B. 1980. Cross-Channel Relations in the Later Bronze Age; Relations between Britain, North-Eastern France and the Low Countries during the Later Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age, with particular reference to the metalwork, Oxford: BAR International Series 91 (2 vols.).



Pearce, S.M. 1983. The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain, Oxford: BAR British Series 120 (2 vols.).



RCAHMW 1976. An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan; Volume I: Pre-Norman; Part I - The Stone and Bronze Ages, Cardiff: HMSO.



Savory, H.N. 1966. A Find of Early Iron Age Metalwork from the Lesser Garth, Pentyrch (Glam.), Archaeologia Cambrensis 115, 27-44.



Savory, H.N. 1980. Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



Savory, H.N. 1984. Appendix I, In H.N. Savory (ed.), Glamorgan County History; VolumeII: Pre-History and Early History, Cardiff: Glamorgan County History Trust Limited, 405-55.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abt. IX.7, München: C.H.Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Storrie, J. 1887. Interesting Discovery at Llantwit Major, Archaeologia Cambrensis 4 (5th series), 151-55.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-04-07T23:00:00Z,,2014TW10,,,,,,,6,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Cardiff,Cardiff,Pentyrch,ST0982,From finder,51.52955004,-3.31322757,NMGW-3C195F,,DH007218_01.jpg,Late Bronze Age Hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/DH007218_01.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583674.jpg
805577,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 BC. The fragment comprises a section of the upper part of the spearhead. It is trapezoidal in plan, the blade narrowing sharply towards the tip. A high rounded rib runs longitudinally down the centre of both sides. Each terminal ends in a worn break, and exhibits a lozengiform cross section with a pronounced bulge at the rib. At the lower terminal the cross section reveals the end section of the socket within the rib. A green patina is on the surface. The fragment has lost its diagnostic features and is therefore difficult to classify further, though it is probably comparable with the range of spearheads in Davis Groups 6-11.



The fragment measures 29mm in length, 25.18mm in width at its widest, 15.52mm in width at its narrowest, 10.57mm in thickness at the mid rib, and weighs 15.5g.



Cf. SWYOR-1F74C1 and SF-C557DC, which states that a high mid rib is more common on Middle Bronze Age spearheads.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-01-01T00:00:00Z,2014-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,15.5,,,10.57,29,1,Denise Wilding,Denise Wilding,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Hotham,SE9035,From finder,53.80352209,-0.6349027,YORYM-3DA0E4,,YORYM3DA0E4.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/denisewilding/YORYM3DA0E4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/585653.jpg
805624,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard of five objects.



1. South Wales Type socketed axe fragment



Dimensions: surviving length 77.4mm; mouth dimensions 50.1 x 37.7mm (external; surviving weight 203.2g.



This is a large mouth and body fragment of a ribbed socketed axe, whose blade end is entirely missing. The axe has a narrow and out-splayed mouth moulding, with three of four runner stubs visible on the upper mouth surface. The axe is rectangular in section with angled face edges. The loop is complete, descending from beneath the base of the mouth moulding. Three prominent ribs descend from the underside of the moulding on both sides, converging slightly towards the lower blade end. The ribs are discontinuous in places, suggesting imperfections in the mould, possibly through re-use. Prominent casting seams are visible down each side and appear to have been rapidly hammered down. The internal flashes inside the loop remain prominent and unfiled. The axe was poorly cast, possibly within a misaligned or ill-fitting three-part mould, with one side markedly thicker than the other, the wall being very thin on one face and side along the break. The break appears to have been made in antiquity and both faces have been dented near the break through impact with a blunt ended object, thereby narrowing the socket aperture at the break end. The axe has a green patination over undamaged surfaces. Recent damage is evident along the thin walled face and side, which has removed a rib and the upper surface, through a side shearing action with a blade. This has created a hole and fissure in the side wall, while the damaged surfaces have a light green patination.



2. Plain slender socketed axe



Dimensions: length 93.1mm; surviving blade width 39.7mm; external mouth dimensions: side to side 38.6mm, front to back 38.6mm; weight 153.7g.



This is a complete plain and slender socketed axe with a single and flared mouth moulding. The axe has a sub-rectangular shaped cross section with rounded face edges. The axe has a deep front to back socket, its mouth being sub-square in shape. A small and wide loop descends from the underside of the mouth flaring. Casting seams are visible down each side, having been partially hammered or filed down, but still projecting in places. The sides of the axe are slightly divergent and concave, flaring slightly at the blade end. The blade edge appears slightly assymetric in shape, deeper at the loop side. Striations parallel with the cutting edge indicate it was sharpened for use. The axes has a green to dark green patination, with small areas of light green powdery surface on damaged blade and around the mouth.



3. Plain socketed axe fragments (6) - Class A, South Eastern Type



Dimensions: surviving length 49.8mm; external mouth dimensions: side to side 41.6mm; combined surviving weight of fragments 63.1g; surviving weight of large fragment 52.2g.



This is a partial mouth end fragment of a plain socketed axe with a double mouth moulding. The axe has a sub-rectangular shaped cross section with rounded face edges. The axe has a sub-rectangular shaped mouth. It is estimated that the front-back mouth dimension was in the range of 37-40mm, giving it a comparatively deep mouth and socket. A wide loop descends from the lower mouth moulding. The axe appears relatively wide in form, with divergent but straight upper sides, suggesting this was once a sizeable socketed axe. Untrimmed casting seams are visible down both sides. Two small fragments of mouth and lower mouth moulding were discovered pushed into the socket of the axe and these breaks are soil covered and appear to be ancient, suggesting the axe was deliberately damaged in antiquity. It is possible that the reverse face was also damaged in antiquity, as evidenced through a tear and in-turned break. A further three small axe wall fragments were retrieved at the time of discovery. The presence of fresh breaks on these and on one lower face of the larger fragment suggest this damage was caused during recent retrieval from the ground. A casting seam crack is evident on the non-loop side, probably caused by ancient or recent impact and deformation to the axe. The axe has a grey green patination, with small areas of light green powdery patination near breaks and around the top of the mouth.



4. Plain Pegged Spearhead, with elliptical leaf-shaped blade (2 fragments)



Dimensions: combined surviving length of large blade fragment and socket fragment c. 174.0mm; surviving maximum blade width 48.6mm; combined surviving weight (including concretion inside socket)135.5g.



A Plain Pegged spearhead, with a lanceolate leaf-shaped blade, broken below the base of the blade insertion. The spearhead midrib shows a marked angularity or ridge along its central length on both faces, giving its external cross-section a sub-lozengic shape at the break. The blade has a bevel 4-4.5mm wide, though only now surviving near the base of the blade and in one localised place along the upper blade, have been partially worn away over much of its length. The blade surfaces have many longitudinal striations parallel with the line of the midrib, suggesting the blade was prepared and sharpened in antiquity. A socket fragment conjoins on one face with the main blade and exhibits a continuing curved ridge, as witnessed down the midrib. An amorphous copper alloy concretion is wedged inside the socket of the spearhead. The spearhead has a grey green patination over most surfaces, although one face is differentially eroded with patches of light green corrosion evident. The tip and blade edges also have a light green patination along much of their length.



5. Lunate-opening spearhead, with leaf-shaped blade (2 fragments)



Dimensions: combined surviving length of large blade fragment and socket fragment c. 179.0mm; surviving length of blade (tip to base) approx. 117.0mm; surviving blade width 53.8mm; combined surviving weight 118.6g.



This is a leaf-shaped spearhead fragment with lunate-openings, with a missing spear tip and also broken just below the base of the blade insertion. The spearhead has an angled ridge down the centre of the blade, giving a lozenge-sectioned upper blade and hexagonal central cross-section on the lower blade, where the lunate openings occur. The angled ridge extends down the upper socket to give the socket here a sub-lozengic cross-section. The blade appears to have been widest below its mid-point and of probable lanceolate leaf-shaped form. The lunate openings are long and wide, in proportion to the blade length, and the spearhead is hollow-bladed, as best viewed along the upper blade break. The blade itself probably once extended a further 50-60mm to give a total blade length of around 150-170mm. The blade has a bevel 5.0-5.5mm wide near its base, though is heavily eroded along middle and upper blade sections. A small rectangular hole is evident in the inner wall of one of the lunate openings, while there is modern damage on one face near the upper break. A socket fragment conjoins with the large blade fragment, extending the combined surviving length to 179.0mm. A side ridge extends from the base of the blade to the point of the peg-hole, whose edge is 21-22.0mm from the base of the blade. Though incomplete and now eroded, this peg-hole appears to have been 5-6mm in diameter and there is a similar concave edge curvature at the same level on the opposing side of the socket. The spearhead has a grey green patination, with localised areas of light green corrosion at blade edges and breaks.



6. Small spearhead socket fragment (probably part of lunate-opening spearhead 5)



Dimensions: maximum surviving length 18.0mm; maximum surviving width 11.7mm; wall thickness 0.9-1.2mm; surviving weight 0.8g.



This is a small socket fragment, found within the backfill of the detector pit, when the find-spot was subsequently investigated. Its thickness and curvature is consistent with the incomplete sockets of the two spearheads in the hoard. The breaks are soil covered and not apparently freshly made. Attempts to re-fit the fragment have not yielded a certain clean join, however it is very probable that this fragment once belonged to the socket of the lunate opening spearhead (No. 5 above). On one side of this fragment is an even concave curve, suggesting part of the aperture of a peg-hole. This is consistent with a peg-hole of 6mm in size, similar to that observed on the conjoining socket fragment of the lunate-opening spearhead. The fragment has a grey-green patination.



7. 'Copper alloy' amorphous drib fragment



Dimensions: maximum length 37.5mm; maximum width 12.9mm; maximum height 11.6mm; weight 5.6g.



This is a small amorphous 'copper alloy' drib fragment, exhibiting no sign of shaping into an artefact form. It is possible that this represents the excess bi-product of a casting or metalworking event, or alternatively, was once an artefact that was heated to a very high temperature and molten state. The possible underside of the fragment has a very uneven surface, taking the contours of the uneven surface on which it lay or landed on. One end of the reverse face has a rounded convex and smooth surface, with two small protrusions, indicating cooling and solidifying from molten state. At the opposite end of the upper surface, there is a thickening of the metal, which projects upwards unevenly. Here, the metal contains holes or vesicles, suggesting bubbling when the metal cooled and solidified.




Metallurgical Analysis of the copper alloy fragment (Mary Davis)



Qualitative surface analysis of the copper alloy fragment (No. 6 above) was undertaken using a Bruker TRACeR III-SD hand-held X-ray fluorescent spectrometer (HHXRF) with a rhodium tube, and a titanium/aluminium filter. There was no surface preparation of the artefacts; the relatively high kV setting deployed would have allowed penetration of the X-rays through corrosion layers, and resulting spectra could be compared with those from similar artefacts, but would not allow for the production of quantitative data.



Results



The 'copper alloy' fragment was revealed to be a zinc alloy, containing at least 90% zinc, plus a small amount of copper. Alloys containing significant quantities of zinc are not found in Britain until the Late Iron Age, when brass containing up to c. 27% zinc was first introduced as a copper-zinc alloy (Bayley 1998, 13). Metallic zinc was not isolated in Europe until the post-medieval period; the composition of this piece strongly suggests a date within the last 100-200 years. It could be the bi-product of a metal casting event or the result of the heating of a zinc artefact (melting point 420oC), causing it to become molten and lose its original form.



Identification and Discussion (Adam Gwilt, Mark Lodwick & Mary Davis)



One of the socketed axes in this group (No. 1) may be confidently identified as of South Wales Type, dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC). The combination of out-splayed mouth, high placed and ephemeral loop, blocky rectangular form, ribs descending from the underside of the collar and poorly finished state following casting are all diagnostic elements, in combination helping to identify it to this type (e.g. Needham 1981, 31; Northover unpublished, 259-60; Burgess 2012, 239 & Fig. 1). These socketed axes and their variant forms a frequent and dominating element within Ewart Park hoards across south east Wales (e.g. McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980, 49, 120-2; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004). Here, approaching forty hoards now contain at least 150 examples. They are also frequent smaller presences in contemporary hoards across mid and north-east Wales, south western and England, southern England and northern France, with occasional outliers in northern Britain and Ireland (McNeil 1973, 61-4; Moore 1978; Needham 1981, 55-66; Burgess 2012, 241-4 & Fig. 2).



The plain slender socketed axe (No. 2) is difficult to identify to a widespread type, although the absence of any mouth moulding or collar precludes many recognised types. In combination, the slender form with flaring mouth, sub-rectangular section and deep mouth plan, with slightly concave divergent sides and modest blade expansion, are most closely paralleled with Class 5 plain socketed axes from Ireland (Eogan 2000, 42-5, Cats. 201-25 & Pls. 11-12) or the miscellaneous slender socketed axes with rectangular bodies provisionally grouped together within Scotland and northern England (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 217-8, Cats. 1295-1303, Pl. 86). They have been found associated within hoards of Ewart Park / Dowris date (1000-800 BC) in Britain and Ireland, although an earlier origin within the preceding Wilburton phase of the Late Bronze Age (1150-950 BC) is suspected but remains unproven (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 218; Eogan 2000, 45). In Wales, a plain socketed axe of similar form has been found within a hoard at Margam Beach, Neath-Port Talbot, beside two other plain socketed axes and a South Wales type ribbed socketed axe (Wear unpublished; Northover unpublished, Hoard 76). This hoard is dated to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC).



The mouth fragment and accompanying small fragments of the second plain socketed axe (No. 3) may be confidently identified as of Class A - South-eastern Type (e.g. Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 212-7; Needham 1990, 28-31; Northover unpublished, Cats. 624-53). This form is characterised by a double mouth-moulding, of which the upper moulding is the more prominent, with the lower giving rise to the loop on one side, with a sub-rectangular body section, squarish mouth and plain non-faceted faces. When found in hoards in Britain, they are almost exclusively dated to the Ewart Park/Carp's Tongue phase of the Late Bronze Age (e.g. Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 216-7; Needham 1990, 30). In south-east Wales, Class A - South-eastern Type socketed axes are repeated presences within hoards of this same date, with single examples present in the Tal-y-garn (1&2) (Rhondda Cynon Taf), Margam Beach (Neath-Port Talbot), Llantwit Major, Pendoylan (both Vale of Glamorgan), Glascoed (Monmouthshire) and Myddfai (Carmarthenshire) hoards (e.g. Storrie 1887; GGAT 1977-8; Metcalf & Lambert 1979; Savory 1980, 121, Cat. 281 & Fig. 42; 1984, 441; Briggs & Williams 1995;Gwilt 2004, 132-4, Appendix 1. 3; Northover unpublished, H 38,74, 76, 79; Wear unpublished).



One of the spearheads (No. 4) may be identified as a Plain Pegged Spearhead with a leaf shaped blade. Pegged spearheads, as an artefact class, generally span from the second half of the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC) (e.g. Greenwell and Brewis 1909, 463; Ehrenberg 1977, 3, 13-14 & Fig. 1; O'Connor 1980, 100-101, 138-41; Northover unpublished, 271, 283). In Wales, early examples of Plain Pegged socketed spearheads are found in the Penard (Swansea), Guilsfield (Powys) and Princetown (Blaenau Gwent) hoards, the first dating to 1300-1150 BC and the second and third dating to 1020-920 BC (Barnwell 1864; Savory 1965; 1972; 1980, 117-19, Cats. 266, 268 & 272; Figs. 32-8 & 40). However, they become most common as associations within hoards of Ewart Park date, dating to 1000-800 BC. In Wales, there are currently thirteen other known hoards of Ewart Park date which include Plain Pegged spearhead associations: the Ty Mawr (Anglesey), Llandderfel (Gwynedd), Llantysilio (Denbighshire), Pant-y-Maen, Manorbier (both Pembrokeshire), St Ishmael (Carmarthenshire), Llantwit Major, Cowbridge (both Vale of Glamorgan), St Fagans (Cardiff), Llantarnam (Torfaen), Llangwm, Glascoed and Llanvihangel Gobion (all Monmouthshire) hoards (Barnwell 1864; Williams 1877; Davies 1929, 368; Griffiths 1957; Burgess et al 1972, 240; Savory 1980, 120-1, Cats. 273 & 281; Gwilt 2004, 132-4, Appendix 1, Nos. 1, 3 & 9; Lynch 1991, 246-9 & Fig. 69; Northover unpublished, H4, 53, 74, 85,108, 121, 141; Gwilt & Lodwick 2011; unpublished; Gwilt et al, 2011a; 2011b). The wooden hafts of a number of Plain Pegged spearheads in England have also been radiocarbon dated to the Ewart Park period of the Late Bronze Age dating to between 1000 BC and 800 BC (Needham 1996, 136-7 & Fig. 3; Needham et al 1997, 93-8).



The second spearhead (No. 5) may be identified as a leaf-shaped Pegged Spearhead with Lunate-openings. This artefact class was first developed during the second half of the Wilburton phase of the Late Bronze Age (c.1050-950 BC), being present within hoards of this date from Wilburton (Cambridgeshire), Blackmoor (Hampshire) and Guilsfield (Powys) (Burgess et al 1972, 214; Savory 1965; 1980, 117-8, Cat. 268 & Figs. 32-8). However, they flourished within the later Ewart Park phase (1000-800 BC), becoming one of the type fossils within the Broadward Complex of large spearhead dominated warrior hoards whose distribution extends across the Marches, into south-west England, across central southern England and into East Anglia and Yorkshire (Burgess et al 1972, 221, 230-5, Fig. 1c; Northover unpublished, 247).



In looking at the overall composition of the hoard, the combination of spearheads and axes suggests an intermediate position between the spearhead dominated warrior hoards of the Broadward tradition and the axes, tools and casting bi-products defining most Late Bronze Age hoards of the Llantwit-Stogursey tradition across south-east Wales and the Carp's Tongue tradition across southern England. Metalwork with Broadward Complex affinities is not abundant in Wales, the evidence currently comprising the Pant-y-Maen (Pembrokeshire) spearhead hoard (Griffiths 1957; Burgess et al 1972, 232 & 240), the Princetown (Blaenau Gwent) spearhead pair (Savory 1972; 1980, 119 & 188, Cat. 272, Fig. 40; Green & Northover 1981; Gwilt 2004, 115-6, Appendix 1.2, Fig. 5.1) and a single barbed spearhead, now lost from Pendoylan (Burgess et al 1972, 232; Savory 1984, 441; Northover unpublished 251).



The amorphous 'copper alloy' (No. 7) was analysed and discovered to be a zinc alloy, comprising over 90% zinc and a small amount of copper. Technologically it cannot be of Late Bronze Age date and it very probably dates to recent times, and is certainly post-medieval or later. Therefore, it cannot be deemed to be directly associated with and buried beside the other five Late Bronze Age artefacts in this hoard.","References



Barnwell, E.L. 1864. Bronze Implements, Archaeologia Cambrensis 10(3rd series), 212-31.



Bayley, J. 1998. The production of brass in antiquity with particular reference to Roman Britain, In (ed.) P.T. Craddock, P.T., 2000 years of zinc and brass, revised edition, London: British Museum Occasional Paper 50, 7-26.



Briggs, C.S. & Williams, G.H. 1995. The Late Bronze Age Hoard from Allt Gelli Felen, Myddfai, Carmarthenshire, and other recent finds of South Wales axes, Archaeologia Cambrensis 144, 37-51.



Burgess, C. 2012. South Welsh socketed axes and other carp's tongue conundrums, In (eds.) W.J. Britnell & R.J. Silvester, Reflections on the Past; Essays in honour of Frances Lynch, Welshpool: Cambrian Archaeological Association, 237-53.



Burgess, C., Coombs, D. & Davies, D.G. 1972. The Broadward Complex and Barbed Spearheads, In  F. Lynch & C. Burgess (eds.), Prehistoric Man in Wales and the West; Essays in honour of Lily F. Chitty, Bath: Adams & Dart, 211-83.



Davies, Rev. E. 1929. The Prehistoric & Roman Remains of Denbighshire, Cardiff: William Lewis.



DCMS 2002. The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



Ehrenberg, M.R. 1977. Bronze Age Spearheads from Berks, Bucks and Oxon, British ArchaeologicalReports 34, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.



Eogan, G. 2000. The Socketed Bronze Axes in Ireland, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abt. 9.22, Stuttgart; Franz Steiner Verlag.



GGAT 1977-8. Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Annual Report, 31-2 & Fig. 8.



Green, H.S.  & Northover, J.P. 1981. The Princetown Hoard, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 29(II), 344.



Greenwell, W. & Brewis, W.P. 1909. The Origin, Evolution and Classification of the Bronze Spearhead in Great Britain and Ireland, Archaeologia 61, 439-72.



Griffiths, W.E. 1957. The Pant-y-Maen Bronze Hoard, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 17(II), 118-24.



Gwilt, A. 2004. Late Bronze Age Societies (1150-600BC); Tools and Weapons, In M. Aldhouse-Green & R. Howell (eds.), The Gwent County History; Volume 1: Gwent in Prehistory and Early History, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 111-139.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. 2011. A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Llantarnam, Torfaen (Treasure Case 11.16), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. unpublished The Cowbridge Hoard, unpublished catalogue manuscript. Gwilt, A., Johnson, S.L., Lodwick, M. & Davis, M. 2011a. Treasure Act 1996 (Case 11.10 Wales); A Late Bronze Age Hoard from St. Ishmael, Carmarthenshire, unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M., Schlee, D. Poucher, P. & Davis, M. 2011b. A Late Bronze Age hoard from Manorbier, Pembrokeshire ( Treasure Case 10.12 Wales), unpublished treasure report.



Lynch, F. 1991. Prehistoric Anglesey; The Archaeology of the Island to the Roman Conquest, Llangefni: The Anglesey Antiquarian Society (2nd edition).



McNeil, R. 1973. A Report on the Bronze Age Hoard from Wick Park, Stogursey, Somerset, Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 117, 47-64.



Metcalf, V. & Lambert, I.G. 1979. Note: Peterston-super-Ely (ST 07567547), Archaeology in Wales, 19, 17.



Moore, C.N. 1978. The South Welsh Axe; its origins and distribution, Archaeological Journal 135, 57-66.



Needham, S.P. 1981. The Bulford-Helsbury Manufacturing Tradition; The production of Stogursey socketed axes during the Late Bronze Age in Southern Britain, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 13, London: British Museum.



Needham, S.P. 1990. The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork; An analytical study of Thames Valley metalworking in its settlement context, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 70.



Needham, S. 1996. Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, 121-40.



Needham, S. Ramsey, C.B., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C. & Pettitt, P. 1997. An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme, Archaeological Journal 154, 55-107.



Northover, J.P. unpublished Bronze Age Metalwork from Wales and the Marches, unpublished manuscript and catalogue.



O'Connor, B. 1980. Cross-Channel Relations in the Later Bronze Age; Relations between Britain, North-Eastern France and the Low Countries during the Later Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age, with particular reference to the metalwork, Oxford: BAR International Series 91(2 vols.).



Savory, H.N. 1965. The Guilsfield Hoard, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 21(II), 179-96.



Savory, H.N. 1972. A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Princetown (Mon.), Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 25(I), 92-7.



Savory, H.N. 1980. Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



Savory, H.N. 1984. Appendix I, In H.N. Savory (ed.), Glamorgan County History; Volume II: Pre-History and Early History, Cardiff: Glamorgan County History Trust Limited,405-55.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abt. IX.7, München: C.H.Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Storrie, J. 1887. Interesting Discovery at Llantwit Major, Archaeologia Cambrensis 4 (5th series), 151-55.



Wear, S.L. unpublished Recent Finds of Bronze and Iron Age Metalwork from Margam Beach; with contributions on metal analysis and axe typology by Dr. P. Northover, unpublished draft manuscript.



Williams, W.W. 1877. Bronze Implements and Copper Cake, Archaeologia Cambrensis 8(4th series), 206-211.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-11-19T00:00:00Z,,2014TW21,,,,,,,6,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Torfaen,Torfaen,Trevethin,SO2703,GPS (From FLO),51.72095241,-3.05818117,NMGW-3EA2A8,,1424TrevethinCommunityTorfaen.jpg,Late Bronze Age Hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/1424TrevethinCommunityTorfaen.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583738.jpg
805657,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1750,-1500,"Early Bronze Age hoard of three axes.



1. Long-flanged axe (Class 5)



Dimensions: surviving length 118.3mm; surviving blade width 63.7mm; surviving weight 266.7g.



This is a largely complete bronze flanged axe with cast flanges. The sides of the axe are straight and very slightly divergent towards the blade end and the sides curve out suddenly to a widely expanded blade with a crescentic cutting edge. The butt end is damaged, making it impossible to tell whether it was straight ended or arched. Approximately 57mm from the butt end, there is a low stopridge across both faces. The flanges, although now damaged, would have risen approximately 3mm above the septum on each face. The blade edge is damaged and fragile, making it difficult to accurately determine the original blade width. On one face, just below the stopridge, the feint traces of decorative hammer marks can be observed, forming three or four linear zones parallel with the stopridge. Hammer marks are also evident along the sides of the axe, though forming no distinct faceting or patterning. On the recurving side of one blade edge, a number of impact marks are present, suggesting use wear. On one upper septum face, there is a patch of green corrosion product. The overall patination is green, although the damaged blade edge, flanges, butt end and stop-ridge have a blue green colouration. These edges are fragile and powdery.



2. Long-flanged axe (Class 5)



Dimensions: surviving length 119.0mm; surviving blade width 68.1mm; surviving weight 223.0g.



This is a largely complete bronze flanged axe with cast flanges. The sides of the axe are straight and near parallel, the lower sides curving out to a cutting edge that is widely expanded and with a crescentic blade edge. The butt end is damaged, however there is curvature in the remaining edge, suggesting the butt was originally arched. Approximately 51mm from the butt end, there is a median bevel across both faces. The flanges, though partly damaged, rise approximately 2.0mm above the septum on both sides. The blade edge is damaged and fragile and the surviving blade width is less than the original blade width. The sides are hammer faceted into three facets, with cable hammer decoration evident. The overall patination is green-brown in colour, while damaged blade edge, butt end and flanges have a lighter blue-green colouration. The damaged surfaces are fragile and powdery.



3. Long-flanged axe (Class 5)



Dimensions: surviving length 113.5mm; surviving blade width 57.5mm; surviving weight 199.8g.



This is a largely complete bronze flanged axe with cast flanges. The sides of the axe are straight and slightly divergent towards the blade end, the lower sides curving out to a cutting edge that is widely expanded and with a crescentic blade edge. The butt end is damaged, making it impossible to determine whether the butt end was arched. Approximately 47.5mm from the butt end, there is a median bevel across both faces. The flanges, though damaged, are estimated to have risen approximately 2.0mm above the septum on both sides. The blade edge is damaged and fragile, making it difficult to determine the original blade width. The sides are hammer faceted into three facets. On one side, feint cable hammer decoration can still be observed within the middle facet. It is probable that similar decoration, originally on the other side, has now worn away. On one face, a large patch of blue corrosion can be observed. The axe has a green brown coloured patination, while the damaged blade edge, butt end, flanges and corrosion patches on one face have a lighter blue-green colouration. The damaged surfaces are fragile and powdery.



Identification and Discussion (Adam Gwilt)



These three axes may all be identified as Class 5 long-flanged axes belonging to the Arreton - Ebnal-Inch Island/Gavel Moss phase (Period 4, Metalwork Assemblage VI) of the Early Bronze Age (e.g. Northover unpublished, 104-13; Burgess & Cowen 1972; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 70-5; Needham et al 1985, iii; Needham 1996, 132-3; Rohl & Needham 1998, 91-2). They are contemporary with the Wessex 2 rich grave tradition and Camerton-Snowshill dagger and knife series across southern Britain, now independently radiocarbon dated to 1750/1700-1500 BC (e.g. Burgess & Cowen 1972, 179-80; Needham & Woodward 2008, 7, Fig. 3; Needham et al 2010, 364-5 & Table 1; Woodward & Hunter 2015, 462).



One of the flanged axes (No. 1 above) is typologically slightly different to the other two, having a stopridge, rather than a median bevel, being notably thicker in casting and having more prominent cast flanges. Unfortunately, the butt end is damaged, making it impossible to tell whether the butt end was originally straight, as predicted for this type. This shows similarities with Type Balbirnie long-flanged axes of Scotland and with some of the axes included within Type Derryniggin flanged axes of Ireland (e.g. Harbison 1969, 55-66, Pls. 69-78; Burgess & Cowen 1972, 178-9; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 70-2, Cats. 396-407A; Northover unpublished, 112). This flanged axe would seem to exhibit characteristics more similar to the Inch Island / Gavel Moss metalworking tradition of Ireland and Scotland (e.g. Burgess 1980, 122; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 71-2), although it would also fit within the metrical parameters of a Class 5Da axe (Needham 1983, 198-250). Its more pronounced flanges (RHF of 0.0314) suggest that it could be typologically slightly more developed than the other two flanged axes in the hoard.



Two flanged axes (Nos. 2 & 3 above) exhibit very similar attributes: a more slender form, with median bevels, low cast flanges, hammer faceting and hammer cable decoration on their sides. These best correlate with Type Arreton long-flanged axes most densely distributed across southern, eastern and south-western England (e.g. Burgess & Cowen 1972, 176-8, Figs. 6 & 7; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 72-5, Cats. 408-25B; Needham 1985; Needham et al 1985, iii; Northover unpublished Cats. 95-108). When the critical measurements for these flanged axes are applied within Needham's metrical classification of Class 5 axes for central and southern Britain (Needham 1983, 198-250), both appear to fit within the parameters of Class 5Da axes, while their relative flange heights, at 0.0216 and 0.0225, sit within the lower range for true Class 5 flanged axes (Needham 1983, 65-6 & 198, Figs. 72-6).



In Wales and The Marches, two published hoards of broadly comparable date and containing Arreton type, Class 5 long-flanged axes are the Menai Bridge, Anglesey and Ebnal, Shropshire hoards (Chitty 1940; Burgess & Cowen 1972; Savory 1946; 1980, 115, Cats. 259-60 & Figs. 18 & 29; Needham 1983, 300-13, Fig. 48.1; Lynch 1991, 218-21 & Fig. 60; Northover unpublished, 106-8, H. 7 & 164). Unfortunately, in each case, many of the artefacts reported in the hoards, both discovered during the nineteenth century, have been lost: there are only three of eight axes surviving in the Menai Bridge hoard (single axes now at Bangor Museum, Amgueddfa Cymru and The British Museum) while only one of three axes originally in the Ebnal hoard survives (Savory 1980, 115 & Cat. 260.3, Fig. 29). A further Arreton hoard with flanged axe fragments has very recently been reported from Wenvoe, Vale of Glamorgan (Treasure Case 15.03), but has yet to be studied and reported upon in detail.



Two of the flanged axes (Nos. 2 & 3) were found in direct association, while the third was found approximately 3-4m away from the other two. The discovery of all three axes at significant depths of approximately 0.46m beneath the surface is unusual, especially if one is to interpret that the three axes were originally buried together in direct association as a hoard, but dispersed through recent agricultural activity. Commonly, dispersed hoards are discovered at shallower depths, with dispersed artefacts found within shallower ploughsoil, rather than at depth. A number of tenable possibilities can be offered, to explain this. Firstly, it is possible that the hoard was disturbed in antiquity, only to be covered by deep clay soil deposits. Secondly, the hoard may have been disturbed in recent times, only to be recently covered during depression infilling events by the landowner with overlying soil deposit. Thirdly, it is possible that the hoard could have been disturbed at depth by the cutting of deep drainage channels, with one axe being dragged and moved along the line of the drain.



Finally, it is possible that tentative attempts may have been made to deep plough this area of marginal land, leading to disturbance of the hoard. In addition, it has been shown that the three flanged axes all date to exactly the same Arreton phase of the Early Bronze Age, and could all have been used and deposited at the same time. These axes are relatively rare discoveries in Wales, with only around twenty examples known to date from hoards and as single finds (e.g. Needham 1983, Figs. 224-31; Northover unpublished, 105, Cats. 95-108). It seems unlikely that a third example of closely similar form and date would be buried separately and as a single find at the same place. Therefore, overall, and on a balance of probability given the available evidence, it is felt probable that the third flanged axe was once buried in direct association with the other two and as part of a single hoard group.","References



Burgess, C. 1980. The Age of Stonehenge, London: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd. 



Burgess, C. & Cowen, J.D. 1972. The Ebnal Hoard and Early Bronze Age Metal-working Traditions, In F. Lynch & C. Burgess (eds.), Prehistoric Man in Wales and the West, Bath: Adams & Dart, 167-81.



Chitty, L.F. 1940 Bronze Implements from the Oswestry Region of Shropshire, Archaeologia Cambrensis 95, 27-35.



DCMS. 2002. The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



Gwilt, A. 2004. Late Bronze Age Societies (1150-600 BC); Tools and Weapons, In M. Aldhouse- Green & R. Howell (eds.), The Gwent County History; Volume I - Gwent in Prehistory and Early History, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 111-39. 



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Worrell, S. 2013. Reporting Finds, sharing treasures: Bronze Age metalwork discoveries from Wales, PAST 75, 10-12.



Harbison, P. 1969. The Axes of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. IX.1, München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Lynch, F. 1991. Prehistoric Anglesey; The Archaeology of the Island to the Roman Conquest, Llangefni: The Anglesey Antiquarian Society.



Needham, S.P. 1983. The Early Bronze Age Axeheads of Central and Southern England, unpublished PhD thesis, University College, Cardiff (3 vols.).



Needham, S. 1985. BBAM Series A no 6; ARRETON DOWN, Arreton, Isle of Wight SZ 5487, In S. Needham, A.J. Lawson & H.S. Green (eds.) 1985, 21-32.



Needham, S. 1996. Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, 121-40.



Needham, S. & Woodward, A. 2008. The Clandon Barrow Finery: a Synopsis of Success in an Early Bronze Age World, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 74, 1-52.



Needham, S., Lawson, A.J. & Green, H.S. 1985. British Bronze Age Metalwork; A1-6 Early Bronze Age Hoards, London: British Museum.



Needham, S., Parker Pearson, M., Tyler, A., Richards, M. & Jay, M. 2010. A first 'Wessex 1' date from Wessex, Antiquity 84, 363-73.



Northover, J.P. unpublished. Bronze Age Metalwork from Wales and The Marches, unpublished manuscript and catalogue.



Rohl, B. & Needham, S. 1998. The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 102, London: British Museum Press.



Savory, H.N. 1946. Note: Two Unpublished Flanged Axes from North Wales, Archaeologia Cambrensis 99, 117-9.



Savory, H.N. 1980. Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. IX.7, München: C.H. Beck,sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Woodward, A. & Hunter, J. 2015. Chapter 9. Chronology, In A. Woodward and J. Hunter, Ritual in Early Bronze Age Grave Goods, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 461-71.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-08-12T23:00:00Z,,2014TW25,,,,,,,3,Dr. Mark Lewis,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanover,SO3406,,51.74879092,-2.95743199,NMGW-3F3BBC,,1425LlanoverCommunityMonmouthshire.jpg,Early Bronze Age hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/1425LlanoverCommunityMonmouthshire.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583784.jpg
805698,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1800,-600,"A copper alloy fragment/casting error, or casting waste, possibly Bronze Age in origin circa 1800 - 600 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-06T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",12,,,,31,1,Anni Byard,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,SU4083,From a paper map,51.54448457,-1.42458361,BERK-4D1172,,BERK4D1172.JPG,Metal fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERK4D1172.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/583827.jpg
806069,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,1200,"An incomplete copper alloy sub rectangular fragement of a blade dating to the Bronze Age, periods 1500-1200 BC. The fragment has a lozenge-shaped cross section, which is typical for the Bronze Age. The upper edge of the blade narrows slightly and has rounded corners. The sides are not quite parrallel as they narrow towards one end of the fragment, this particular end is thicker than the other end.



Similar blades are recorded on the PAS database including SUR-750511 and NLM-9DE2F3, both dating to Middle Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.91,,,,36.02,1,Grace Clark,Grace Clark,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,,51.01537053,-1.95860828,WILT-90C8FE,,WILT90C8FE.jpg,Roman coin: Nummus of Arcadius,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT90C8FE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/588262.jpg
806432,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2550,-1600,"Copper alloy axe head probably Early Bronze Age 2550 to 1600BC. The axe head has a lenticular profile with a convex section/ thickness at the sides. The parallel sides are particularly straight, although they expand outwards with a protruding blade tip to either side. Although most of the original cutting edge survives, the probable blade facets are not particularly noticeable. The artefact is in a worn but fair condition with a mid-brown patina. The length is 100mm, the width blade is 54mm, width butt 34mm, thickness 20mm and the weight 184.94g. The axe probably fits into the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage I-II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 1-2 circa 2500- 2050 CAL. BC, or slightly later. This is a small, flat axe that is most plausibly early in the period, c.2550-1600 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-25T23:00:00Z,2016-09-25T23:00:00Z,,,24.68,,47,,,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD7539,From finder,53.84663226,-2.38146836,LANCUM-A6E169,,LANCUMA6E169.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMA6E169.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/584274.jpg
806523,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"Dr Peter Chowne writes: a complete cast copper-alloy developed side-looped spearhead that can be assigned to Davis Group 6A (Davis, 2012). The terminology used below follows that of Davis. Although complete there is some damage to the blade both ancient and modern, probably the result of agricultural activity. Surface colour is predominantly dark brown some of the damaged areas have green corrosion. The tip of a wooden shaft survives within the socket. Length: 125 mm, Width: 26 mm, D; 72 mm, Weight: 67.1 g. The blade is flame-shaped with a low (25%) 'Position of Maximum Width' and slightly concave blade edges. The blade surface is flat with a distinct bevel to the blade edges. It has a long midrib with a circular cross-section. The socket base aperture is 19 mm at the widest point. Loop plates have been modified after casting and are lozenge-shaped. Grooves left by sharpening are visible on the bevels and edges of the blade. There are clear indications of working around the loops in the form of striations made by an abrasive tool such as a file.



Type 6A have a number of distribution concentrations the main ones being the Thames Valley and East Anglian fenland. There is a secondary distribution in Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, Northumberland and eastern Scotland. Spearheads of this type have been found in Lincolnshire at Digby (Daubney 2010), Temple Bruer (Vine, 1987) and Tetford (Davey, 1973). The Digby example most closely resembles this spearhead from Woolsthorpe by Belvoir. There is a similar example on display in Yorkshire Museum. The provenance is 'Yorks"" and it is slightly larger and heavier than the Woolsthorpe spearhead (Davis, 2012, 16 no. 224; Radley, 1967).



Group 6 spearheads are most likely to date to the Taunton metalworking phase of the Middle Bronze Age (1400-1250 cal BC) although the earliest examples may date to the late stages of the preceding Acton Park phase. Dating is based primarily on hoard associations.



References



Daubney, A. (2010). LIN-0DDC06: A BRONZE AGE SPEAR Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/406559 [Accessed: 4 Nov 2016 12:31:26].



Davey, P. J. (1973). Bronze Age Metalwork from Lincolnshire. Archaeologia, 104, 51-127.



Davis, R. (2012). The Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain. Stuttgart: Steiner.



Radley, J. (1967). New Bronze Age spearheads from Yorkshire and a provisional list of Yorkshire spearheads. Yorkshire Archaeol J, 42 (1), 15-19.



Vine, P. M. (1987). Analysis of distribution of selected Neolithic and Bronze Age artifacts in Central England. (Unpublished PhD), University of Nottingham.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,67.1,,72,,125,1,Peter Chowne,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Woolsthorpe By Belvoir,,,,,LIN-A90E8A,,LINA90E8A.jpg,Middle Bronze Age spearhead,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LINA90E8A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/591396.jpg
806575,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date, c. 1100 - 800 BC. The oblong socket is cast off centre with a shallow curve to the cutting edge, the blade has no flare. The sides appear to be parallel and have casting seams in situ. This is possibly a deliberately broken fragment or possibly a casting failure. The surface has a smooth mid to dark green patina. See ESS-BEBA61",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-06T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Segsbury Camp, Wantage, Oxon 2013",39.42,,,11,32,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,SU3984,From a paper map,51.55354532,-1.43889257,BERK-B6B90D,,BERKB6B90D.JPG,BA Axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERKB6B90D.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/584388.jpg
806927,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Cast copper alloy blade fragment possibly dating from the Late Bronze Age, that is c. 1500-800BC. The incomplete blade is broadly sub-triangular which expands towards the cutting edge. The cutting edge is slightly convex and the edges slope to the edge. The upper edge tapers towards a a rectangular sectioned tang which tapers to a blunt point.



The surface has a mottled dark green and brown surface.



It measures 28.03mm in width at the widest point and 3.95mm at the narrow point and 40.75mm in length, and weighs 5.5g.



The thin triangular-shaped blade suggests that this object may be either a chisel or leather-working knife.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-02T00:00:00Z,2016-03-02T00:00:00Z,,,5.5,,,,40.75,1,Angie Bolton,Carina Hughes,South West,Gloucestershire,Stroud,Uley,ST7798,From finder,51.68028774,-2.33405477,WAW-CEC22C,,WAWCEC22C.jpg,"Bronze Age razor (plan, profile and plan).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWCEC22C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/604784.jpg
807003,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-650,"An incomplete Late Bronze Age (c.1100-650 BC) copper alloy socketed gouge, with wide flaring collar and prominent (but smoothed down) casting flashes. 

The collar moulding expands from 18.1mm in diameter to 20.3mm in diameter (internal diameter 15.1mm) over 13.9mm. Below it measures 17.5mm in diameter, narrowing to the relatively straight cutting edge which measures 13.9mm in width and 5.6mm in thickness. The back of the gouge is linearly faceted (eight faces) while the inverted-V shaped groove reaches from the cutting edge to just before the collar moulding.
The metal is a mid-green in colour with a greyish hue, presumably the result of a copper-tin alloy. The patina is smooth and shiny. The gouge measures 87.7mm in length, 19.9mm in max.width, 20.3 in max.thickness and diameter and weighs 65.96g.
It is likely that this tool is from the Wilburton, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking phases which correspond to Needham's (1996) Period's 6 - 8.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-03-08T00:00:00Z,2016-06-06T23:00:00Z,,,65.96,,20.3,20.3,87.7,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Stockton,ST9636,From finder,51.12326854,-2.05853319,HAMP-D11447,,HAMPD11447.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed gouge,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMPD11447.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/584854.jpg
807106,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, leaf-shaped blade with ribs flanking the tapering central socket with much of one side and just over half of mouth missing. Damaged cutting edges. Length 54mm. Extant width 20mm. Diameter of socket 25mm. Weight 20.29g. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-07-13T23:00:00Z,2016-09-13T23:00:00Z,,,20.29,,25,,54,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Hethersett,TG1405,,52.60062279,1.15859034,NMS-E22A41,,13213_E22A41_LBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/13213_E22A41_LBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154564.jpg
807772,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,The rim and part of the wall of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe. The axe has a slight rounded collar. The rim is 5.85mm thick.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.76,,,,32.23,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Wanborough,SU9248,GPS (from the finder),51.22379027,-0.68393903,SUR-4FBF2D,,161457.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161457.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/594297.jpg
807776,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"
A fragment from just above the tip of a Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy rapier-like blade. The fragment has multiple scratches and there is some post depositional pitting. The blade has a rounded platform which merges into slightly concave blade edges. Such fragments are difficult to date stylistically - although the deliberately thickened point which was designed for thrusting is typical of short knives and rapiers of this Middle Bronze Age period.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.6,,,2.69,50.44,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Wanborough,SU9248,GPS (from the finder),51.22379027,-0.68393903,SUR-4FCA1C,,161458.jpg,Bronze Age: Rapier blade,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161458.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/594299.jpg
807945,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy spearhead tip with a pronounced midrib. Running centrally along the midrib is a line of punched dots.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.35,,,5.31,15.65,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0742,GPS (from the finder),51.17719389,-1.90124317,SUR-5FBAA9,,161489.jpg,Bronze Age: Spearhead tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161489.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/594525.jpg
809750,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe head dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1000-800 BC) probably of the Ewart Park phase. The fragment is now roughly L-shaped in section. Only the complete blade end and part of the socket survive, the remainder now missing due to old breaks. The socket end is oval in form with the base of a narrow oval socket just visible. Beneath the socket the object flattens and flares to a rounded blade. No other decorative or diagnostic features can be discerned due to the fragmentary nature of the object. The length is 54mm, the width is 36mm, width of blade 36mm and the weight 45.30g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-07T23:00:00Z,2016-09-07T23:00:00Z,,,45.3,,,,54,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Cumbria,South Lakeland,Kirkby Ireleth,SD2382,From finder,54.22790089,-3.18263563,LANCUM-60E45B,,LANCUM60E45B.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM60E45B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/586852.jpg
810244,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2500,1500,"A high tin copper-alloy awl of probable Bronze age date (2500 -700 BC).



The awl is sub-square in section at one portion and circular in section at the other. In plan it is an elongated sub-rectangle in plan. The circular section gradually tapers to a blunt point, while the other is flatened to a chisel shape. It has a smooth polished black surface. 



length:19.75mm, weight: 3.3g.

point - dia.: 0.78mm

midway along shaft - width: 2.08mm, thickness: 1.91mm - rectangular in section.

flattened end - width: 2.24mm, thickness: 0.9mm","Similar on P.A.S. database eg. WAW- 8A1C15, BH-8196E7, WAW-697DC5",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.3,,0.78,0.9,19.75,1,Mags Erwin,Mags Erwin,South East,Kent,Swale,Faversham,TQ9960,GPS (from the finder),51.30432312,0.85348882,KENT-894EAA,,894eea.jpg,Awl,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smokedkelpie/894eea.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/587218.jpg
810255,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of a copper-alloy blade, possible Bronze Age in date, dating to the period c.1500BC - c.1100BC.



The blade appears to be in an elongated oval and is rectangular in cross section. The blade narrows from 1.75mm thick in the centre of the blade to 0.4mm thick at the edges. One oval tip is incomplete.



Length: 57.59mm, Width: 15.17mm, Thickness: 1.75mm, Weight: 5.34g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.34,,,1.79,57.59,1,Grace Clark,Grace Clark,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Kingston Deverill,ST8734,,51.10514915,-2.18705796,WILT-899687,,IMG_3204.jpg,Bronze Age: Blade fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/grace93/IMG_3204.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/589123.jpg
811198,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed gouge (1150 BC-800 BC). Most of the socket is missing due to a break. The cutting edge is C-shaped in cross-section exapanding in to the socketed oval cross section at the break. The gouge hollow is C-shaped in section and both narrows and reduces in depth as it extends further away from the cutting edge. According to Pearce (1983:43), socketed gouges 'appear to have begun in the Wilburton phase, and continued as part of the tool repertoire until the end of the Bronze Age', although most socketed gouges can be dated to the Ewart Park phase of between c. 1000 - c. 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Chance find during metal detecting,,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Middle Aston, Oxon August 2016",16.3,,,12.2,29.9,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Middle Aston,SP4826,Centred on field,51.93045132,-1.30331237,BERK-07A804,,oxpas2016434.jpg,Bronze Age gouge: Socketed gouge,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/oxpas2016434.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/587748.jpg
811362,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Middle Bronze age copper alloy side looped spearhead, 70mm long, 12mm wide and 11mm thick with a  weight of 16.06grams. The object is sub rectangular in form and circular in cross section. It is in a worn condition and is incomplete, missing part of its base, tip and one side loop.   It has a narrow oval shaped blade with a circular cross sectioned rib running down its centre. the blade tapers into the main body, which consists of a hollow tapering shaft about half of the objects length. Half way down the shaft, in lien with the blade edge,  is a poorly cast side loop, formed of an oval  shaped recess with a rounded projection about it.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2016-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,16.06,,,11,70,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Wymeswold,SK6021,From finder,52.78325296,-1.11185616,LEIC-0ABAE7,,LEIC0ABAE7.jpg,,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC0ABAE7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/587794.jpg
812149,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,,,"A fragment of a copper-alloy cup-headed pin. The date of the object is uncertain and could range from the Bronze Age through to the Roman period. The stud comprises a hollow, hemispherical head which is filled with remnants of blue enamel. From the base of this head there extends a rectangular-section, slightly tapering stem. The stem is bent and appears to be broken. The stud measures 18mm in length, with the head measuring 15mm in diameter. It weighs 6.69g.



Cup-headed pins are known from the late Bronze Age (Ewart Park phase), but these tend to be larger and do not have inlays or settings in the head; they are also very rare. O'Connor (Cross-Channel Relations in the Later Bronze Age (1980) 201, 560-1, fig. 71.3) lists only three from England, one from Scotland and one from the Netherlands, although they are said to be more common in Ireland (e.g. that illustrated in Megaw and Simpson, Introduction to British Prehistory (1979) fig. 6.37.3). Alternatively, an Iron Age or Roman date is possible.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-09T00:00:00Z,,,,6.69,,15,,18,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Wallington,TL2934,GPS (from the finder),51.98948027,-0.12274292,BH-763A4D,,bh763a4d.jpg,Roman to Medieval stud,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/bh763a4d.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/589822.jpg
812187,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-700,"A copper-alloy awl of possible Bronze Age date (cBC1600 - 700). The point of the awl is circular in cross section and is 4.31mm in diameter at its widest, tapering to a sharp point at the end. It is 73.45mm in length, with the other end becoming rectangular in section and terminating in a flattened wedge. It weighs 5.53g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.53,,4.31,,73.45,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Pewsey,SU1756,,51.302871,-1.75753071,WILT-776792,,WILT776792.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT776792.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/596437.jpg
812323,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Cast copper alloy casting jet with two conical sprues or flashes that is ovate in plan, with two conical projections that are triangular in profile. The casting jet was formed during the casting of a socketed axe in a two-part mould, where the molten bronze was poured into the entrance of the mould around the gate piece which had two conical apertures that the bronze then solidified in once it had filled the mould for the axe. Socketed axes of this type date from the Late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC).



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar casting jet with conical sprues from Lelant in Cornwall, which was found associated with swords fragments that are from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) on page 571, pl.10, no.82e.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a casting jet from Gussage All Saints in Dorset on page 82, pl.9, no.247f, which was found with a socketed axe mouth fragment.



The length is 28mm, the width is 30mm, thickness 17mm and the weight 24.80g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-05T23:00:00Z,2016-10-05T23:00:00Z,,,24.8,,,17,28,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Heckington,TF1443,From finder,52.97224312,-0.30382444,LANCUM-8A5846,,LANCUM8A5846.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM8A5846.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/588370.jpg
812689,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Bronze age copper alloy spear head fragment, probably from the middle bronze age (1500BC to 1150BC), 37mm long, 10mm wide and 7mm thick with a weight of 5.63grams. The object is triangular in form and rectangular in cross section. It represents the tip of a spear head, with a rounded terminal intact. It has a prominent tapering, rounded ridge running its length and two damaged edges forming the inside of the blade section.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2016-09-13T23:00:00Z,,,5.63,,,7,37,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Childerley,TL3562,GPS (from the finder),52.23964141,-0.02432465,LEIC-A02211,,LEICA02211.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy spear head fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEICA02211.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/588556.jpg
812788,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Fragment, with both ends broken in antiquity, of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier blade with bevelled edges and broad midrib. Extant length 43mm. Width 20- 18.5mm. Thickness 5mm. Weight 17.41g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-14T23:00:00Z,2016-10-11T23:00:00Z,,,17.41,,,5,43,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Hevingham,TG2022,,52.75080682,1.25837958,NMS-B0453A,,41316_B0453A_MBA_Rapier_Fragment.jpg,Middle Bronze Age rapier fragment,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/41316_B0453A_MBA_Rapier_Fragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156045.jpg
813174,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Lower part of a copper alloy socketed looped axe dating from the Late Bronze Age, i.e. c. 1000-800BC. Possibly of plain South Eastern Type.



Description:



The fragment survives only as the blade end. The sides curve inwards from the curved crescent blade-edge, flaring in section to a rectangle. The break across the body is irregular. The surface of the axe is heavily mottled dark to light green to dark brown in patina and is heavily pitted by corrosion across its entirety. It looks like it was not faceted or had a ribbed decoration.



Masurements: 27.3mm long, 36.16mm wide, 12.81mm thick and 31.2g in weight",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,31.2,,,12.81,27.3,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Shepway,Ivychurch,TQ9924,Generated from computer mapping software,50.98100948,0.83361096,KENT-C91A27,,KENTC91A27.jpg,Blade Fragment of copper-alloy Bronze Age axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTC91A27.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/588890.jpg
813530,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,,,"A copper-alloy awl of uncertain date. The awl is rectangular in section and tapers to a point at each end. It measures 50mm in length, 5mm in width, 5mm in thickness and weighs 2.94g.



A similar awl is illustrated in Read B. (2001), p. 94, no. 694. Similar awls are also recorded on PAS database as SWYOR-220A7C, LEIC-1EA9CB and SUR-660898.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,,2.94,,,5,50,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Wallington,TL2734,GPS (from the finder),51.98994071,-0.15185304,BH-0AB1DD,,bh0ab1dd.jpg,Uncertain awl,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/bh0ab1dd.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/594178.jpg
813624,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy Socketed Axehead of probably the Late Bronze Age period, dating from c. BC 1000 - BC 800.



Around 50% of the axehead is present, consisting of the body and part of the blade. Some of the blade and the top, and handle of the object are missing presumed lost in antiquity.



The object is broadly rectangular in plan and rectangular in section. The top has been broken and object has been pinched or squashed together, giving a concave appearance on both sides of the axe. The object is hollow. The remains of a loop are present on the left side of the object at the top and it appears there is a join where the handle meets the body. The object may have some decoration in the form of two U shaped grooves towards the top of the axe, however this is difficult to see clearly and could possibly be post depositional damage. The sides of the object taper in, forming an arc on either side, then flare slightly to form the cutting edge or blade. The blade is damaged and part is missing, the blade tapers to a point at the base of the object. This has been damaged, and a distinct cutting edge is missing.



The object measures 51.7 mm in length and is 38.7 mm wide at the top of the object and the blade is 35.6 mm wide. It has a maximum thickness, at the top of the object of 9.9 mm. Where the axe has been pinched the thickness is 5.2 mm and the blade is 5.8 mm thick. It weighs 66.3 g.



The object is a mid green in colour with an uneven patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. Broadly similar axes have been recorded in Schmidt (1981), Plate 72 - 75, however diagnostics are difficult due to damage.



EDIT:



Peter Reavill suggests that this is possibly a worn and damged Irish imported, Faceted Axe, type Gillespie sometimes known as 'baggy axe'. It has been discovered in associated with the late Wilburton metalworking traditions (phase XI) and the Ewart Park tradition (phase XII). This corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 6-7 circa 1000-700 CAL. BC. For an example see HESH-05A063. 



From HESH-05A063: This axe is an unusual find in Shropshire whose known distribution focuses on ribbed axes. This type of faceted axe is therefore rare and its presence important. This axe is of a type which is known as Type Gillespie, which Burgess and Schmidt suggest is associated with later Wilburton metalworking traditions (phase X) and Ewart Park tradition (phase XII). They are also discovered in Oreland and are associated with the Dowris tradition. It has been suggested that this form of facet axe continues production into the Llyn Fawr tradition (which is the transitional period between the metalwork of the Bronze and Iron Ages. Similar axes have been illustrated in Burgess and Schmidt and the best parallels are cat no 1109 Grahams Mount, Midlothian, 1112 Hatton, Angus, and 1121 Stanton Quarry, Furness, Lancs. A more local example can be see in the Savory Welsh catalogue from a small hoard of axes discovered at Llandaff, Glamorganshire (cat no 282). This final Welsh axe had been analysed and the metal content was comparable with axes from the second phase of the Late Bronze Age (LBA II) which Savory dates 750-600 BCbut would actually be better described as Ewart Park 950-750 BC).



Reference



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-30T23:00:00Z,2016-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,66.3,,,9.9,51.7,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Tong,SJ7907,From finder,52.66030943,-2.31191285,WMID-1B203F,,WMID1B203F.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Copper alloy Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID1B203F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/589206.jpg
813848,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"An incomplete copper alloy Middle Bronze Age (c.1600-c.1000 BC) spearhead missing part of its socket. The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade and is bent (possibly deliberately) so that it curves slightly towards the tip. The blade appears to have had slightly curved cutting edges. A prominent raised circular sectioned midrib runs longitudinally down the centre of each face, all the way to the tip and is lozengiform in cross-section. The socket is sub-rectangular and measures 15mm in diameter at the break. The spearhead was probably originally side-looped. The length is 115mm, the width is 35mm thickness 15mm and the weight 54.98g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-05T23:00:00Z,2016-10-05T23:00:00Z,,,54.98,,,15,115,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Blackburn with Darwen,Blackburn with Darwen,Livesey with Pleasington,SD6526,From finder,53.72921395,-2.5319753,LANCUM-31A16D,,LANCUM31A16D.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM31A16D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/589443.jpg
813906,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A copper alloy palstave axe that has a wide curved blade. The sides of the blade are concave and taper to the middle of the axe. The stop ridge is positioned three-quarters of the way down from the blade, this is shallow with short and low flanged sides to the front creating a small dished forward edge with and deeper flanged sides behind that run almost the whole length of the rear third.



This item is heavily corroded, there are patches of dark green patina which is the original surface, however, most of this has been removed leaving a light green pitted surface.



This is a Group I: Primary Shield Pattern type and dates to the Middle Bronze Age 1500 BC - 1150",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-27T23:00:00Z,,,,339.99,,,27,148,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Little Compton,SP2332,From finder,51.98598434,-1.66649381,GLO-33F97A,,GLO33F97A.jpg,GLO-33F97A Bronze Age axe,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO33F97A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/589523.jpg
814102,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Bronze Age to Iron Age socketed axe dating to the period c.1000-800 BC. The fragment comprises a section of the edge and is broadly rectangular shape in plan. It is smooth, undecorated and covered with a green patina. It measures 28.87mm in length, 16.19mm in width, 3.23mm in thick and weighs 7.87g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.87,,,3.23,28.87,1,Cristina Sanna,Cristina Sanna,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Winterbourne Bassett,SU1274,,51.46484622,-1.82864974,WILT-4A4966,,WILT4A4966.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT4A4966.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595072.jpg
814109,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Bronze Age to Iron Age socketed axe dating to the period c.1000-800 BC. The fragment is elongated shape and comprises a section of the edge. It is smooth, undecorated and covered with a green patina. It measures 30.12mm in length, 19.63mm in width, 7.11mm in thick and weighs 14.10g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.1,,,7.11,30.12,1,Cristina Sanna,Cristina Sanna,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Winterbourne Bassett,SU1274,,51.46484622,-1.82864974,WILT-4A8BA7,,WILT4A8BA7.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT4A8BA7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595073.jpg
814224,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Tip of Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead in abraded condition, broken above socket, of which there is no trace. Slight widthways bend. Extant length 30mm. Extant width 14mm. Weighs 7.19g. 1000-701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-21T23:00:00Z,2016-10-18T23:00:00Z,,,7.19,,,,30,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Great Moulton,TM1691,,52.47416838,1.17897623,NMS-5F01EF,,61691_5F01EF_LBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,Tip of Late Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61691_5F01EF_LBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156099.jpg
814235,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"
A Bronze Age circular copper-alloy button. The button has two raised concentric circles in a recess, and with a central pit. There is a raised area on the back of the button and the stub of an integral loop with areas of iron (which may be accretions). The button has a dark green patina with corrosion pitting.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.04,,27.35,,,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Wokingham,Wokingham,Arborfield and Newland,SU7668,GPS (from the finder),51.40594412,-0.9087539,SUR-5FB52C,,B16976.jpg,Iron Age: Button,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16976.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/600719.jpg
814283,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete and abraded probable Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, both ends missing. The central part is of sub-square cross-section and the object tapers towards both breaks. It is uncertain which part is the tang and which the point. Extant length 53.5mm. Maximum width 5.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-21T23:00:00Z,2016-10-18T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,53.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wacton,TM1891,Centred on field,52.47337404,1.2083745,NMS-70E265,,24953_70E265_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/24953_70E265_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154893.jpg
814440,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"An incomplete fragment from a socketed axehead, of Late Bronze Age dating (c. 950 BC to c. 750 BC).



Less than 25% of the socketed axehead is present, and consists of part of the mouth and body. The rest is missing, presumed lost in antiquity,



The mouth may have originally been square in shape, as the fragment exhibits an almost right angle bend. The mouth has a rolled rim. The start of two ribs are present on the body.



It measures 21.3 mm in length, 28.2 mm wide and 6.5 mm thick (at the mouth), 3.4 mm thick (body). It weighs 11.6 g.



The socketed axehead fragment is mostly a dark green colour, with the odd light green patch. These lighter areas should be monitored for signs of active copper corrosion (bronze disease) occuring, which exhibitis as a bright green powdery residue. To reduce the risk of this happening, the fragment should be stored in a sealed airtight dry box (such as a tupperware box with a liquid seal), with plenty of silica gel.



Too little is present of this socketed axehead to determine what type it was, but it is definitely of Late Bronze Age dating (c. 950 BC to c. 750 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-21T23:00:00Z,2016-10-21T23:00:00Z,,,11.6,,,6.5,21.3,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Warwickshire,North Warwickshire,Hartshill,SP3194,From finder,52.54297762,-1.54432979,WMID-9C4EAC,,WMID9C4EAC.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete socketed axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID9C4EAC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/590273.jpg
814632,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,900,"Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 900 BC) socketed spear (spearhead): The copper alloy spearhead consists of the central portion of the spearhead. In section the spearhead is, at the upper terminal, is a lozenge and the lower edge is a tubular, but is incomplete. The broken edges are not too recent. 



The spearhead has a broken side edge which reveals the interior of the socket. The other side face is abraded and reveals an incomplete side-loop. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The surface of the spearhead has traces of a mid grey patina, otherwise the surface is heavily abraded.



The spearhead measures 71.06mm in length, 19.88mm in width, 14.85mm thick, and weighs 26.05g.



It is likely that the spearhead can be attributed to the Middle Bronze Age; specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. (c. 1500 - 900 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-23T23:00:00Z,2016-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,26.05,,,14.85,71.06,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Bromsgrove,Bentley Pauncefoot,SO9967,From finder,52.30112117,-2.01608649,WAW-B06603,,WAWB06603.jpg,Bronze Age spear (profile and profile).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWB06603.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/590474.jpg
814643,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"The tip of the blade of a cast copper alloy rapier of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, c. 1400-800 BC. The fragment consists of the end of the blade and is 71.3mm in length. The very tip of the blade is broken and missing and there is some bending to either end of the object, probably post-depostional. The rapier blade is nearly flat in cross section however there is a faint mid-rib that runs the length of the blade but is non-perceptatble in cross section. There is old damage to all edges.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-11-06T00:00:00Z,,,,7.6,,,2.88,71.3,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,GPS (from the finder),51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-B0BBE1,,2016489.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier: Rapier tip,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2016489.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/592797.jpg
814686,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A near-complete cast copper alloy palstave of Middle Bronze Age date. The palstave is in good condition with minimal pitting and only slight wear to the blade edge. There appears to be an old break to the butt end but otherwise the palstave is in very good condition. There is a pronounced casting seam down the centre of the flanges and there is a hollow below the stop ridge on both sides of the object. There are two small 'V' shaped marks just below the stop ridge but restricted to one side of the object - this appears to have occured during casting. The blade measures 49.9mm wide, is complete and has a crescentic plan with short curved tips. The blade facet is not visible. The axe is of Middle Bronze Age date (1500 - 1300 BC) and is most probably associated with the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both assemblages fit within Burgess Metal Working Stage VIII and IX.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-09T23:00:00Z,,,,326.3,,,27.4,123.4,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Stanford Dingley,SU5771,Centred on field,51.4351403,-1.18139612,BERK-B1F4BB,,2016490.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave: Palstave,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2016490.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/590742.jpg
814923,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Bronze age spearhead fragment, 52 mm length, 26 mm width, 11 mm thickness, weight 23.69 g. The object represents the tip of a larger spearhead and is triangular in form and 'lozenge' shaped in cross section. It has a distinct rounded ridge running down the centre of each face and it narrows from 11mm thick to 4mm thick at the tip.  Its edges are damaged and some of the orginal surface has been lost. The object is probably middle Bronze Age in date, c. 1500 - 1300 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-10T23:00:00Z,2016-10-10T23:00:00Z,,,23.69,,,11,52,1,Wendy Scott,,,Leicestershire,Harborough,Bruntingthorpe,SP6089,Centred on field,52.49561645,-1.11766139,LEIC-C6309A,,LEICC6309A.jpg,Bronze age spearhead fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ejkj1/LEICC6309A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/590793.jpg
814980,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"A complete cast copper alloy (bronze) short flanged axe of Middle Bronze Age dating, probably of the Acton Park I metalwork assemblage and dating from c.1700 to c. 1500BC.



The axe has a shield shaped pattern below a very slight stop ridge, and raised flange facets. The blade of the object expands outwards to a crescentic cutting edge. The cutting edge measures 1mm thick. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The blade (measured from the cutting edge to the start of the flanges) is 37mm in length.



At the top of the blade below the flanges on each face of the object is an incised U-shaped groove which is probably an area of decoration typically described as shield shaped. The rear part of the axe (from the slight stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile). The flanges are worn and turn slightly inwards towards the septum where the handle would have been hafted.



The object has a dark black-brown patina and is heavily pitted in places with the pitting maintaining the same patina.



Many short flanged axes of this type are very narrow and they are probably a specialist tool / chisel. They evolve into palstaves when the stop ridges fuse with the side flanges



Dimensions: 96mm in length, 16mm in width, 15mm thick, 86.1g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-17T23:00:00Z,2016-08-20T23:00:00Z,,Wymondham Rally 2016 (Near Spooner Row),86.1,,,15,96,1,Vanessa Oakden,Vanessa Oakden,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM0996,Generated from computer mapping software,52.52177586,1.07920849,LVPL-C78348,,LVPLC78348.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/voakden/LVPLC78348.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/590908.jpg
815329,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Tip of Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead in abraded condition, broken across and along socket which contains fired clay from the casting process. Corroded stumps of blade, much of the surface corroded and missing. Extant length 40mm. Extant width 9mm. Weighs 6.84g. 1000-701 BC. 



(Finder's no. AC 366)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-15T23:00:00Z,2016-10-15T23:00:00Z,,,,6.84,,,40,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Holme Hale,TF9006,,52.61851699,0.80526033,NMS-ECDBCB,,61420_ECDBCB_LBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,Tip of Late Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61420_ECDBCB_LBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156098.jpg
816472,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-801,"Late Bronze Age Hoard, 1 palstave fragment, 1 blade from a socketed axe, 1 lump of Anvil? , 1 circular terminal/mount, spearhead fragment (2 pieces) and 1 incomplete sword in 5 pieces, probably a Wilburton type.







			



L

						
W

						
T

						
D

						
Wgt

						
object type

						
further measurements

					


41

						
30

						
26

						
 

						
105.15

						
Palstave fragment

						
 

					


38

						
26

						
12

						
 

						
36.33

						
Socketed axe blade

						
narrows to 4mm thick at blade tip

					


58

						
51

						
20

						
 

						
214.00

						
Anvil fragment

						
narrows to 12mm thick, polished surface is slightly concave

					


 

						
 

						
11

						
38

						
40.97

						
round terminal

						
inner circle 12mm diam inner rectangular hole 6 x 6mm main circular plate 5mm thick

					


35

						
32

						
7

						
 

						
24.44

						
spear head fragment (2 pcs)

						
width narrows to

					


174

						
43

						
7

						
 

						
 

						
sword fragment

						
blade (4pcs)width narrows to 8mm thickness narrows to 3mm

					


57

						
45

						
8

						
 

						
42.16

						
sword handle fragment

						
orginal surface left, one rivet? Present",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2015-08-31T23:00:00Z,2015-09-29T23:00:00Z,2016T954,,,,,,,11,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Gateforth,SE5728,Generated from computer mapping software,53.7452684,-1.13719157,LEIC-6CD73C,,LEIC6CD73C1.jpg,Bronze age Palstave fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC6CD73C1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/592511.jpg
816882,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy spearhead, dating to the middle or late Bronze Age (1200-800BC). Only the tip of the spearhead remains, which is triangular in shape, and lozenge in cross section with a worn midrib. The break is worn and irregular, on one side it has been broken higher up the tip revealing the circular hollow socket. An insufficient amount of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed. The tip has a light green patina, inside the hollow socket is orange corrosion. The fragment measures 24.9mm in length, 11.3mm in width, and 5.6mm in thickness. It weighs 2.83g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-07T23:00:00Z,,,,2.83,,,5.6,24.9,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Leckhampstead,SP7337,GPS (from the finder),52.02662031,-0.93744036,BUC-C2138F,,BUCC2138F.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCC2138F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/592890.jpg
816960,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy palstave with raised flange facets dating from the Middle Bronze Age (1500 BC - 1150 BC).



The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with convex expanding sides and an incomplete convex cutting edge. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The sides of the blade are convex in shape. The blade (measured from the cutting edge to the stop ridge) is 75.4 mm long and the width of cutting edge is 55.3 mm. The thickness of the blade tip is 7.0 mm. The maximum thickness of the blade is 17.4 mm (measured at thickest part below the stop ridge, the width at this point is 28.8 mm).



The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part at the stop ridge. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is 64.1 mm long, 24.2 mm wide, and 12.9 mm thick. The butt of the axe has been slightly damaged leaving two rounded corners with a gap between. The butt is 27.1 mm wide and 58.7 mm thick.



The flange facets are fused to the stop ridge forming two sub-rectangular raised elements to haft the axe by.



In total the palstave measures 134.8 mm in length, 55.3 mm wide (maximum) and 22.7 mm thick. It weighs 168.3 g.



The palstave is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface. 



XRF analysis on this palstave was carried out at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery conservation laboratory, using a Mistral Tabletop XRF machine. The results are below:







Element

			
Front (conc.%)

			
Back (Conc.%)

			
Original surface (conc.%)

		


Copper (Cu)

			
68.93

			
62.42

			
56.71

		


Zinc (Zn)

			
1.93

			
1.69

			
1.50

		


Tin (Sn)

			
14.54

			
20.95

			
27.32

		


Antimony (Sb)

			
0.36

			
0.35

			
0.34

		


Arsenic (As)

			
0.10

			
0.09

			
0.08

		


Lead (Pb)

			
8.83

			
7.73

			
6.87

		


Silver (Ag)

			
0.16

			
0.14

			
0.12

		


Gold (Au)

			
0.00

			
0.00

			
0.00

		


Iron (Fe)

			
5.14

			
6.63

			
7.05

		


Mercury (Hg)

			
0.00

			
0.00

			
0.00

		



Similar examples to this palstave can be seen in Savory, 1980; catalogue entries 171, 172, 175, and 263 (the Mynydd Ta-y-glannau, Cemmaes Hoard). All of these examples fit into the middle phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA II).



Reference:

Savory, H. N., 1980. Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections Cardiff : National Museum of Wales, pp46-47, 106-107, 170-171 and 179",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-22T23:00:00Z,2016-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,168.3,,,22.7,134.8,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Hixon,SK0225,From finder,52.82252931,-1.97176268,WMID-C4624B,,WMIDC4624B_e.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDC4624B_e.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/592187.jpg
817257,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,"Copper alloy Middle Bronze Age side looped and socketed spearhead, recently broken into two pieces. The blade is leaf-shaped with a lozengiform sectioned midrib. It exhibits a hollow socket and cast side loops. The spearhead measures 126mm total length, 20.8mm maximum width, 1.6mm minimum width. The mouth has a diameter of 17.1mm. It weighs 42.3g.



The tip of the blade exhibits some chipping and the edges of the blade are incomplete due to old breakages. The blade measures 73.8mm in length. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering lozenge shaped midrib which expands into the socket of the spear. The socket mouth is circular in shape and exhibits old breakages around the circumference. The socket is filled with soil. Just below the bottom of the blade, the spear has suffered a recent break across the socket, probably as a result of agricultural activity. The mouth of the socket is filled with soil. At the break point there are traces of wood visible.



The loops are positioned on either side of the socket, just below the break, approximately opposite one another. The loops measure c.16.5mm in length, 6.1mm in width and project 2.5mm from the socket. Casting ribs are visible running along both sides of the body from the mouth to the point at which the blade commences and appear to have been filed.



The spearhead has a mottled dark brown patina with patches of green.



Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC).



Cf. WILT-1F3709, HESH-CE6980 & SOM-DB1205 for a similar example on the database.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-31T23:00:00Z,2016-09-20T23:00:00Z,,,42.3,,17.1,,126,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Saham Toney,TF9106,From finder,52.6181665,0.820013,NMS-D8E961,,28963_D8E961_MBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age side looped and socketed spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/28963_D8E961_MBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155036.jpg
817282,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead, of Late Bronze Age dating (1150 BC to 800 BC).



Less than 25% of the socketed axehead is present, consisting of the base of the socket and the blade edge. The fragment is sub rectangular in plan, and triangular in section. The socket is triangular in shape. Casting ridges are present along one side. The other side is missing. Filemarks are present on the front and back of the axehead.



The socketed axehead fragment measures 20.5 mm in length, 46.3 mmwide (at the blade), 41.3 mm wide (at the body), 10.5 mm thick (at the body), 1.7 mm thick (at the blade edge). The remnants of the socket is 4.3 mm deep. It weighs 24.2 g.



The socketed axehead is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-01T00:00:00Z,2016-09-25T23:00:00Z,,,24.2,,,10.5,20.5,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Copston Magna,SP4588,From finder,52.48806775,-1.33871949,WMID-D9A2D5,,WMIDD9A2D5.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete socketed axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDD9A2D5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/592378.jpg
817288,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
~~Copper alloy socketed spearhead fragment that dates to the middle to late Bronze Age. This is the tip of the spearhead and has a pronounced spine running down its centre that is circular in cross-section, this is flanked by thin blades that taper to a fine point. The rear of the spear is truncated resulting in the loss of the socket and rear section of the blades.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-05-31T23:00:00Z,2016-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,4.96,,,8,26,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Awre,SO6806,From finder,51.75177187,-2.46495804,GLO-D9C892,,GLOD9C892.jpg,GLO-D9C892 Spearhead,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOD9C892.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/592568.jpg
817346,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of the blade of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier, both ends broken in antiquity. The surfaces are pockmarked but a flat mid-rib is visible on both. The cutting edges are not sharp. Extant length 41mm. Width 17.3mm. Thickness 5.7mm. Weight 15.54g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.



Field L6",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-18T23:00:00Z,2016-10-26T23:00:00Z,,,15.54,,,5.7,41,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Roudham and Larling,TL9788,Centred on field,52.45441516,0.8978555,NMS-DB6579,,61717_DB6579_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of the blade of a Middle Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61717_DB6579_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156563.jpg
817643,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy chisel of middle to late Bronze Age date, c.1500 - 800 BC. The object is sub-triangular in plan with a tapering rectangular section from the tang to the blade.



The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The object is 40.1mm long, 21.2mm to 3.4mm wide, 5.7mm thick and weighs 12.8g.



A similar object has been recorded on the PAS database as BH-C14B11.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.8,,,5.7,40.1,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Brayton,SE5929,GPS (from the finder),53.75403329,-1.1066791,YORYM-F00E3D,,JLY0028.jpg,Bronze Age : Chisel,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/JLY0028.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/593546.jpg
818269,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-801,"A fragment of a copper alloy late Bronze Age spear dating to c. 1000 - 801 BC. Only part of the blade located near to the terminal (tip-end) survives. The fragment is sub rectangular in shape, narrowing towards the tip of the spear, which is worn and broken. The fragment is lozenge shaped in cross section. Running down the centre of the fragment on both sides is a raised midrib. The blade edges have been worn and there are notches along both the edges. The blade has a dark green patina, and has patches of brown corrosion. The blade is 23.6mm in length, 14.1mm in width, and 4.9mm in maximum thickness. It weighs 2.69g.



The fragment is similar to spear blades shown in Needham 1990, page 55, dating to the Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-06T23:00:00Z,,,,2.69,,,4.9,23.6,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Britwell Salome,SU6892,From finder,51.62272127,-1.0191268,BUC-52EB4C,,BUC52EB4C.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC52EB4C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/593120.jpg
818347,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bronze Age (-1000 to -800) blade fragment: The cast copper alloy blade fragment is an elongated lozenge in cross-section with a sharp corner in the centre of each face. The breaks across the blade are not old, but not too recent. The edges of the blade are slightly faceted and there are notches along the blade, which are not recent as the patina covers them.



The surface of the blade has a mottled dark green and brown patina.



It measures 29.87mm long, 23.49mm wide, 5.5mm thick. It weighs 16.63 grams.



It is probably a fragment from a sword or rapier of the Late Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-19T23:00:00Z,2016-08-19T23:00:00Z,,Wymondham Rally 2016 (Near Spooner Row),16.63,,,5.5,29.87,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM0996,From finder,52.52177586,1.07920849,WAW-55D7B8,,WAW55D7B8.jpg,Bronze Age sword or rapier blade fragment (plan and profile).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW55D7B8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/593182.jpg
818751,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze age (1000-800BC) copper alloy socketed axe fragment, 51mm in length, 35mm wide and 18mm thick with a weight of 86.52grams. The object has an overall rectangular form and cross section. Its rounded, tapering blade tip is prominently expanded, forming triangular side projections.  The object has broken just after it becomes hollow and has rectangular void with a rounded base.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2016-10-11T23:00:00Z,,,86.52,,,18,51,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Southery,TL6195,GPS (from the finder),52.52907949,0.3719665,LEIC-6C3887,,LEIC6C3887.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy socketed axe fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEIC6C3887.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/593413.jpg
818758,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1100,"Copper alloy single looped palstave axe with high, protruding stopridge and well preserved side loop dating to the Mid Bronze Age 1300 to 1150BC possibly relating to the Silsden types generally dated to the Penard. The axe is complete, except for the broken side loop, and in good condition. The body of the palstave is narrow but splays down the blade eventually flaring at the blade edge which is wide. The blade has a heavily curved faceted/bevelled cutting edge which may well have been hammered. The butt is squared, tapering with narrow flanges on both sides. The broken side loop is adjacent to the stop ridge. The length is 183mm, the width of blade is 90mm, width of butt is 22mm thickness 40mm and the weight too heavy for scales. There is a median thin rib from the stop ridge to the blade facet that flares into a fan shape. Similar to NLM-EE77E7, LEIC-6799A2. Similar to Read (1995: p.3 fig 3) dated 1450 - 1250BC.



Type Silsden side-looped palstaves are commonly found in the northern Britain and are especially widespread in Yorkshire. The closest comparable hoard is the Silsden hoard, Yorkshire which also contained two palstaves. (see Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 616, no. 923-4). The two Type Silsden side-looped palstaves can be dated to the Penard (c. 1300-1150 BC) metalwork phase of the Middle Bronze Age (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 161). They are classified within the broader 'Late Palstave' type but are typologically close to 'Transitional Palstaves' such as Type Shelf (see Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 158-160).



Schmidt P. and Burgess C. 1981, The axes of Scotland and Northern England Prahistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX. Band 7.



Read, B. 1995. History Beneath Our Feet. Anglia Publishing, Ipswich.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,40,183,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD7539,From finder,53.84663226,-2.38146836,LANCUM-6C591F,,LANCUM6C591F.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM6C591F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/593423.jpg
819109,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead with the socket occupied by the distal end of the wooden haft. Parts of the socket have been lost, perhaps quite recently, on both broad faces. The surfaces are pockmarked and iron-stained. The loop is blocked with ferrous material. The wood of the haft is quite hard. It may perhaps be yew, Taxus baccata (Jason Gibbons pers. comm.). Length, width and thickness 96.3, 50.4 and 32mm. Weight 162.22g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-10T23:00:00Z,2016-11-14T00:00:00Z,,,162.22,,,32,96.3,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Runcton Holme,TF6209,GPS (from the finder),52.65453077,0.39353931,NMS-8170DE,,29718_8170DE_BA_Axehead.jpg,Socketed Bronze Age axehead,Norfolk Museums Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/29718_8170DE_BA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1105731.jpg
819713,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC) socketed axehead consisting of the cutting edge only, the remainder is missing. The axehead is broken just above the start of the socket on one face and a little higher up on the other face, and both faces are slightly pitted and scratched. The cutting edge is expanded and narrows to the tip. The socket is rectangular in cross section and the fragment itself is traingular in cross section.



The axe measures 41.7mm in length, 40.9mm in width (max), and the maximum thickness is 14.1mm. It weighs 63.2 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-12-09T00:00:00Z,,,,63.2,,,4.1,41.7,1,Claire Goodey,Claire Goodey,South West,Swindon,Swindon,Stratton St. Margaret,SU1787,From finder,51.58160664,-1.75605182,WILT-AA5400,,4352.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/cristinasanna/4352.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/594784.jpg
819795,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of the tip of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead of the stepped type, dating from Late Bronze Age, (1150 - 800 BC). The edges of the spear are worn and pitted, and there is some corrosion to the surfaces. The two faces of the spear head have differing patina; one side has a brown patina, while the other has a blue-green colouring. This is most likely due to conditions within the soil and probably because the spearhead has only recently been dislodged from its original context.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,,17.6,,,9.1,56.1,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU4095,GPS (from the finder),51.65237486,-1.42321913,BERK-ACE008,,2016624.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Socketed spear head,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2016624.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595873.jpg
820129,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An incomplete copper alloy Bronze Age socketed axehead covered in the characteristic green patina of bronze artefacts. The axehead has a rectangular cross-section with straight edges flaring at 1 centimetre from the edge. The edge is damaged indicating use, and three ridges are very worn, but just still visible on one side. A small bump near the neck is likely to have been the remains of the loop.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,3,79,1,,,,Pembrokeshire,,,SM7929,,51.91556048,-5.21487568,DYFED-ED531A,,BronzeAgeaxhead.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mpage/BronzeAgeaxhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/594218.jpg
820487,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave axe, complete save for most of the side loop. The axe measures 167mm and the width of the blade is 60mm. The weight is 500g. The axe has a central ridge on the blade and short raised triangular decoration below the stop ridge. The length of the septum is 67.75mm. Original surfaces survive best on the septum; elsewhere the surfaces are much pitted. There is a slight ridge above the blade on both sides indicating a change of angle due to sharpening.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,500,,,34.58,167.2,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,Eastern,Suffolk,Suffolk Coastal,Walpole,TM3774,GPS (from the finder),52.31291469,1.47557166,-SUR 46351.00,,161575.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161575.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595772.jpg
820649,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1750,"A very worn tongue-shaped fragment of copper alloy comprising the butt of an early Bronze Age flat axe dating to c.2000-1750BC. The butt has slightly raised edges.



Peter Reavill comments:



This may be a fragment of an Aylesford / Brandon type developed flat axe with hand raised sides - EBA III ish would be my guess. It could potentially also be a Migdale flat axe.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.86,,,4.73,33.91,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,"Chipstead, Hooley and Woodmansterne",TQ2857,GPS (from the finder),51.29774631,-0.16544339,SUR-14CAFD,,161603.jpg,Bronze Age: Flat axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161603.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/596514.jpg
820834,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A complete Early Bronze Age cast copper-alloy undecorated developed flat axe (c. 2000-1700 BC): This implement is sub-rectangular in plan with an expanded crescent shaped blade. The butt, in plan, is complete with a rounded terminal. 



The side view of the axe is a sub pointed oval with both terminals tapering. The long edges on the sides are slightly bevelled, leaving a subtle rectangular central band at the apex and therefore forming a slightly bulging profile.



In cross section the body of the axe has a slight H-shape as the side edges of the axe have been raised by hand hammering to form slight flanges, and therefore forming a curved sloped to the base of the spetum. The depth between the height of the flanges and base of the centre of the spetum is 0.64mm. The flanges appear to have been cast and probably augmented by hammering. There is no decoration present and the casting flanges have been trimmed filled and hammered flat. 



On both faces of the axe there is a slight bump / rib / proto-stop ridge, measuring 46.43mm from the apex of the butt. There is a median bevel when the blade starts to taper from the body of the axe and it measure 80.46mm from the apex of the butt to the median bevel. The median bevel is visible on both faces and is angular. 



On one face the space between the bump/rib-stop and the median bevel there are slight hammer mark traces forming a subtly mottled surface. The other face has active corrosion and a corrosion product adhered to the surface so any hammer marks are not visible. 



The blade tip flares outwards from the body forming a concave hollow. The blade appears to be symmetrical. There is no obvious cutting edge bevel towards the blade edge, although it does tapers giving a slightly blunt edge. 



The surface of the axe, with the exception of the corroded areas, has a well-developed, shiny mottled dark green to dark grey patina. When the surface is reflected in a good light there is a hint of a shiny fine grey glittery surface which is likely to be due to leaching of the alloys in the burial environment where the tin element is better preserved.



The axe measures 100.75mm in length, 58.89mm in width, 10.93mm thick and weighs163.1g.



The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age (EBA III) of metalworking stage IV-V (more likely V) specifically within the developed flat axe tradition which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL.BC. 



This axe is very similar to a number of examples specifically from the type: Brandon. These are described by Burgess and Schmidt in Catalogue of the Axes in Northern Britain as: being ""notably smaller than other advanced flat axes, usually under 130mm length. They have straight parallel or near parallel sides which curve out suddenly just above the blade to a widely expanded crescentic cutting edge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-05-15T23:00:00Z,2016-08-15T23:00:00Z,,,163.1,,,10.93,100.75,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Sambourne,SP0761,From finder,52.2471376,-1.89889148,WAW-2779F8,,WAW2779F8.jpg,"Bronze Age axe (profile, plan, profile and plan).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW2779F8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595682.jpg
821339,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Copper alloy tongue shaped sword scabbard chape that dates to the late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC). This has a subtriangular top half with convex sides that extends into an elongated base that has tapering concave edges. The mouth of the chape is lozenge in form; the long side of the aperture has a deep U-shaped notch in the centre and extended sides that that from two tapering upward projecting arms that would have ran parallel with the scabbard, one arm is truncated. A pronounced central rib runs down the length of both faces and ends at the base where there is an oval disc with chamfered sides. In the centre of the rib is a hole that passes from one side to the next and may have been a rivet hole to secure the chape onto the scabbard.



There are small holes over the whole surface which is a defect in the casting process.



Similar types of artefacts are recorded on the database at SOMDOR-9ADF54",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-30T23:00:00Z,2016-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,55.51,,,14,96,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,South Gloucestershire,South Gloucestershire,Hanham Abbots,ST6570,From finder,51.4279168,-2.50481255,GLO-7C86FA,,GLO7C86FA.jpg,GLO-7C86FA Bronze Age tongue shaped sword scabbard chape,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO7C86FA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/594958.jpg
821382,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A late Middle to early Late Bronze Age (1500 - 1100 BC) copper alloy dirk. The butt is trapezoid in form with shoulders that curve inwards to the narrow blade. Two rivet holes to the bottom of either side would secure the hilt in place, both of which still retains its rivet; the rivet is 16mm long with a 9mm diameter and has a slightly expanded domed head at either terminal. The sides of the blade are straight and gradually taper to the point, running down the length of the blade on both sides is a very low central spine. Post depositional corrosion has resulted in shallow notches being removed from the side of the blade and much of the edge of the butt, plus small patches of active bronze disease are present, but otherwise this item is in very good condition with a light green patina over most of the artefact.



Dirks and rapiers of this style are classified as belonging to Group 2 in Burgess, C., and Gerloff, S. 1981, 'The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland'.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-31T00:00:00Z,2010-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,89.71,,,3,197,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Winford,ST5461,From finder,51.34620906,-2.66185236,GLO-7EFE1A,,GLO7EFE1A.jpg,GLO-7EFE1A Bronze Age Dirk,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO7EFE1A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595001.jpg
821460,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Abraded and slightly bent fragment from near the tip of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier blade, both ends broken and both cutting edges lost in antiquity. Extant length, width and thickness 50.2, 11.6 and 2.8mm. Weight 6.51g. 



Field JO11",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-18T23:00:00Z,2016-10-26T23:00:00Z,,,6.51,,,2.8,50.2,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,Breckland,South Lopham,TM0381,Centred on field,52.38937547,0.98178427,NMS-9038DD,,61738_9038DD_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61738_9038DD_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156102.jpg
821583,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,A copper-alloy awl of uncertain date due to its undiagnostic form. The awl comprises a sub-rectangular section body which tapers and becomes cicular in section before terminating at each end in a rounded point. The awl measures 63mm in length and a maximum of 6mm in diameter. It weighs 4.35g.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-11-06T00:00:00Z,,,,4.35,,6,,63,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Barkway,TL3738,GPS (from the finder),52.02350753,-0.00471241,BH-95619C,,bh95619c.jpg,Roman awl,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/bh95619c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/608227.jpg
821892,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment, broken on three sides, from the near the butt end of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave, with the start of one flange. Extant length and width 22 and 21mm. Thickness 3.1 - 9mm (the latter at the flange). Weight 12.23g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-11-15T00:00:00Z,2016-12-12T00:00:00Z,,,12.23,,,9,22,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7110,From finder,52.66075131,0.52697446,NMS-BEDCF4,,24188_BEDCF4_MBA_AxeFragment__a_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/24188_BEDCF4_MBA_AxeFragment__a_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155938.jpg
822059,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this fragment is trapezoidal in plan, and rhomboidal in profile and section, as it comes from the centre of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The surface of the ingot is pitted and corroded and the sides of the fragment have cavities and bulbous layers from the air bubbles formed during the casting process and typically seen in these bun ingots. There are dark green and coppery brown areas and lighter green patches but no active bronze disease. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2016 T20) from St Levan (CORN-E8DF11) and in another hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which were found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, no.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork, and an ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers, Torbay on page 457, plate 40, no.306a, which are parts of larger plano-convex ingots.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers in Devon on page 79, pl.6, no.123b (see DEV-D9F1E2), which is dated from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age.","Results of XRF analysis by Dr. Chris Bryan at Camborne School of Mines:



77% copper (but probably quite pure as almost 20% of the reading were recorded as anomalies which include gasses and not inclusions)



1.4% tin



0.7% lead



0.5% silver



0.17% iron



0.15% arsenic



0.14% antimony



This is typical of readings taken from other individual Late Bronze Age ingots and also those in the hoards mentioned above.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-11-20T00:00:00Z,2016-11-20T00:00:00Z,,,509.3,35,,35,72,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Gweek,SW7026,From finder,50.08948628,-5.21680296,CORN-3B10A7,,DSCN4215.JPG,ingot fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN4215.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595480.jpg
822060,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"Incomplete cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this ingot is square in plan, triangular in profile, and rectangular in section, as it comes from one edge of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The surface of the ingot is pitted where air bubbles formed during the casting process and the sides of the fragment have cavities typically seen in these bun ingots. There is a large rectangular rim and recess on one face which could potentially represent a socket that has been melted into the ingot, perhaps from a socketed knife. There are also two rivets that have not melted into the ingot and have cavities around them, and two cavities in the form of blades on the other side of the ingot, perhaps from the ends of chisels. The XRF data below in the notes field indicates this ingot is largely copper, which would add some doubt to the possibility of this ingot having been melted from other objects (Matt Knight pers comm). But perhaps these objects have separated away from the ingot and retained their shape because the copper alloy weapons and tools would melt at a higher temperature than the pure copper ingot and must have been added to the metal for the original ingot (Martin Page pers comm).There are dark green and coppery brown areas and light green patches of bronze disease. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2016 T20) from St Levan (CORN-E8DF11) and in another hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which were found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, no.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar plano-convex ingot from Marldon in Devon on page 79, pl.6, no.146a (see DEV-677584). Also see the ingots recorded in DEV-D9F1E2 (2011T441) which are dated from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age.","Results of XRF analysis by Dr. Chris Bryan at Camborne School of Mines:



74% copper (but probably quite pure as 25% of the reading were recorded as anomalies which include gasses and not inclusions)



0.3% iron



0.2% tin



0.08% arsenic



This is typical of readings taken from other individual Late Bronze Age ingots and also those in the hoards mentioned above.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-28T00:00:00Z,2016-01-28T00:00:00Z,,,1700,35,,35,103,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Levan,SW3922,Generated from computer mapping software,50.0407786,-5.64658868,CORN-3B4CCE,,DSCN4222.JPG,ingot (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN4222.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595476.jpg
822061,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-850,"Two fragments of a cast copper alloy sword, part of the hilt and part of the blade, which are not connected. The hilt is lozenge-shaped in plan and in section, broken between the hilt tang and its shoulders at one edge and between the shoulders and the beginning of the blade at the other edge. There is a raised and rounded mid-rib that rises about 3 mm above the surface of the hilt on both broken edges and averages about 12 mm in width, and a rivet hole that is half way along the angled outer edge and 3.5 mm in diameter. The blade is rectangular in plan and lozenge-shaped in section, with a raised but flattened mid-rib that rises about 2 mm above the surface of the blade on both sides and averages about 12 mm in width, between two raised longitudinal lines that are 5 mm in from the existing edges, where the blade starts to taper to its cutting edge on either side, now missing. Both cutting edges are worn and incomplete and the perpendicular edges to these are broken so that the original length of the blade is unknown as well as the position of this fragment along it, though it is likely between the hilt and the middle of the sword as this is where the blade tapers before expanding at the mid point. 



Corrosion across the breaks indicates this was done in antiquity and the breaks show signs of high porosity in the metal at a macroscopic level, which would have influenced the breakage. Additionally, there are indentations below the break on the midrib on both edges of the hilt fragment which appear to be consistent with the bronze patina and it is possible these represent chisel marks (Matt Knight pers comm). 



These fragments may be a result of the deliberate decomissioning of the sword into separate pieces before it was ritually destroyed, or it may have been broken up in order to melt it down and re-use the metal. The two broken edges of the blade look like they were subsequently trimmed in order to re-use the weapon as a tool such as a razor or scraper. One broken end of the blade has a central semi-circular notch that is 5 mm in diameter which may have been used to break the sword at this point or deliberately produced as part of a rivet hole for later hafting when the fragment was re-used.There are also indentations and hammer marks on the two fragments that suggests the intentional breaking up of the sword, and a 'V' shape cut into the edge of the blade that indicates collision with another sword edge, perhaps during sparring (Neil Burridge pers comm).



There are pitted areas of corrosion on the surface but there appears to be the original golden-coloured bronze surface still visible underneath, as though the sword may have been in waterlogged conditions before ending up in the field in which it was found.The lozenge-shaped section of the blade with a raised central mid-rib suggests that this is probably part of a sword from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, c.950-850 BC.



Needham & Rohl (1998) illustrate a similar Ewart Park sword with two rivets in the hilt on page 135, fig.37, no.387.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar section from a Ewart Park sword found at Cranborne in Dorset, on page 665, plate 104, no.365.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate similar fragments of swords, from St Erth in Cornwall and Holne in Devon, on pages 74 & 99, plates 1 & 26, nos.21a-d (CORN-F4C163) & 136 (DEV-A6FA73), which are dated from the Ewart Park phase and the Late Bronze Age.



The measurements below are the total length of both fragments, the width and thickness of the hilt fragment and the total weight of both fragments.","Results of XRF analysis by Dr. Chris Bryan at Camborne School of Mines:



Hilt fragment:



50% copper



14% tin



0.3% lead



0.07% arsenic



35% of the reading were anomalies which include gasses and not inclusions



Blade fragment:



48% copper



15% tin



0.23% lead



0.05% arsenic



36% of the reading were recorded as anomalies which include gasses and not inclusions



Removed comparison to 2016 T20 (CORN-E8DF11) in an earlier version of this report as the object in question has since been reclassified - N. Wilkin, 5.4.17",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2016-01-25T00:00:00Z,2016-01-25T00:00:00Z,,,86.3,,,10,84,2,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Madron,SW4732,Generated from computer mapping software,50.13399783,-5.54170377,CORN-3B62D1,,DSCN4217.JPG,sword fragments (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN4217.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595471.jpg
822096,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-850,-700,"A fragment from the hilt of a Late Bronze Age sword of Ewart Park type, c.850-700BC. The ribbed border runs along both edges but on one side only. The fragment has broken across a rivet hole and tapers inwards before fanning out to the terminal.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.7,,,3.34,25.91,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Worplesdon,SU9652,From a paper map,51.25908949,-0.62560508,SUR-3CE34C,,161682.jpg,Post medieval: Unidentified object,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/161682.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/597644.jpg
822441,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"
A very worn fragment of casting debris comprising a probable well and diagonal runner. The date is uncertain.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-01T23:00:00Z,,,,4.66,,,,12.6,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Brightwalton,SU4279,GPS (from the finder),51.50837598,-1.39622044,SUR-7C1C8C,,B161029.jpg,Undated: Casting debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B161029.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/600848.jpg
822588,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment of the collar of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe. The collar is thick and rounded rim and has a narrower encircling ridge running beneath.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.92,,,5.57,30.7,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kimpton,SU2748,GPS (from the finder),51.23055354,-1.61469144,SUR-A469E9,,B161072.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B161072.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/601696.jpg
822605,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Tip of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier in abraded condition with pockmeaked surfaces and an ancient break. Extant length, width and thickness 23.8, 13.5 and 3.8mm. Weight 3.70g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.



Field CAW17",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-18T23:00:00Z,2016-10-26T23:00:00Z,,,3.7,,,3.8,23.8,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Haveringland,TG1620,Centred on field,52.73446776,1.19789616,NMS-A63418,,25308_A63418_MBA_RapierFragment_a_ILL.jpg,Tip of a Middle Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/25308_A63418_MBA_RapierFragment_a_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155940.jpg
822869,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bronze Age (-1000 to -800) blade fragment: The cast copper alloy blade fragment is an elongated pointed oval in cross-section with extended faceted edges towards the cutting edges. The breaks across the blade are not recent. At the apex of each face there is a shiny dark green-grey patina, otherwise the surface is a dark green well developed patina.



It measures 60.41mm long, 31.62mm wide, 8.26mm thick. It weighs 60.58g.



This is a fragment from a sword or rapier of the Late Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-25T23:00:00Z,2016-08-28T23:00:00Z,,SMDC Compton 2016,60.58,,,8.26,60.41,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Harting,SU7616,From a paper map,50.93844567,-0.91973099,WAW-CE5D3F,,WAWCE5D3F.jpg,"Bronze Age sword or rapier blade fragment (plan, section and reverse).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWCE5D3F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/596026.jpg
823094,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy unidentified object of a type usually referred to as 'moustache-like' or 'moustache shaped'.The object possesses a body which is hollow, asymmetrical and sub-cylindrical in section, tapering at one end, to a square-section terminal and at the other to a circular opening. The outer surface of the object is decorated with vertical ribs and grooves and there are two small perforations in the body of, close to the opening. The object measures 18mm in length and a maximum of 11mm in diameter. It weighs 7.79g.



These objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead 1998; ref. 117) and various other finds reported to the PAS which are associated with Middle Bronze Age material. It has been suggested that they are part of sword scabbard chapes however their true function remains uncertain. For a similar object see HAMP-C04CC3.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.79,,11,,18,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,,TL4441,GPS (from the finder),52.04869026,0.09849857,BH-E31A4B,,nobbly.jpg,Unidentified object,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/nobbly.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/595887.jpg
823508,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A small fragment of a circular Bronze Age copper-alloy plano-convex ingot.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.41,,,9.5,26.8,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,From a paper map,51.54292534,-1.16504412,SUR 0.00,,B161157.jpg,Bronze Age: Ingot fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B161157.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/606607.jpg
823509,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-600,"A fragment of a possibly Bronze Age copper-alloy object comprising a thickened out-turned rim This may possiblybe  part of a circular socket, which has a diameter of c46mm, and which has been broken across a possible rivet hole.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.78,,,,21.22,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,From a paper map,51.54292534,-1.16504412,SUR-0E8D26,,B161158.jpg,Bronze Age: Unidentified object,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B161158.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/606608.jpg
823790,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,Incomplete Middle Bronze Age rapier or dirk dating to the period c.1500 - 900 BC.The butt exhibits a series of old breaks along the upper edge and measures 19.8mm in width. It then tapers inwards to form a C-shaped notch on either side which would have formed the attachment point for the missing handle at which point it measures 18.9mm in width. The sides then expand into the shoulders and a maximum width of 40.6mm before tapering into the blade. The blade is lenticular in cross-section with a flattened mid-rib. It terminates in an old break.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-01T00:00:00Z,2016-10-17T23:00:00Z,,,53.3,,,4.7,102.5,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Aldeby,TM4691,GPS (from the finder),52.46148756,1.61979994,NMS-3A9744,,61693_3A9744_LBA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Middle Bronze Age rapier or dirk,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61693_3A9744_LBA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155141.jpg
824913,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A Late Bronze Age, cast copper-alloy socketed hammer (c. 1000 - 800 BC), that dating based on Rowland's statement that they are a more defined feature of Late Bronze Age hoards. (Rowlands 1976: 45). It has a sub-rectangular mouth with a narrow collar moulding, the sides of the hammer taper gently from the mouth towards a rectangular working face. There is no evidence of it having any loop. That working face has been well used with the typical side/edge protuberances from that use. There is a thick casting seem running along the length of both narrow sides and the narrow collar is fritted around the edge.



The inner dimensions of the socket at the collar are - 17.3 mm x 15.4 mm with the wall thickness at that point varying from 2.38 mm to approximately 3.6 mm and the base measures 19.97 x 15.9mm The surface has a dark green bronze patina with some corrosion scars to the edges.



A similar type can be found at - IOW-8B13A7 & IOW-A05DE6",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,114.1,,,3,71.5,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Amesbury,SU1841,From finder,51.16796372,-1.7439355,BERK-CA241B,,BAaxe01.jpg,Hammer,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BAaxe01.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/597406.jpg
825186,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead, of Late Bronze Age dating (1150 BC to 800 BC).



Less than 25% of the socketed axehead is present, consisting of the base of the socket and the blade edge. The fragment is sub rectangular in shape, and triangular in cross section. The socket is rectangular in shape. Casting ridges are present along one of the sides. The blade edge is rounded and expands out at the sides. The blade edge is damaged.



The socketed axehead fragment measures 26.1 mm in length, 47.2 mm wide (at the blade), 39.6 mm wide (at the body), 13.1 mm thick (at the body), 1.7 mm thick (at the blade edge). The remnants of the socket is 3.8 mm deep. It weighs 47.5 g.



The socketed axehead is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.



Peter Reavill (Herefordshire & Shropshire FLO) commented on a similar socketed axehead fragment (WMID-EB5248) that it is late BA rather than Middle - as in post Wilburton - Llyn Fawr phase (1150-750 BC). Almost all socketed axes are from the Ewart Park phase (1000-800 BC). This example is likely to be similar in dating.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,47.5,,,13.1,26.1,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Eccleshall,SJ7732,From finder,52.88496161,-2.34324599,WMID-DF1D02,,WMIDDF1D02.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete socketed axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDDF1D02.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/600682.jpg
825327,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed spearhead, of Middle Bronze Age dating (1400 BC to 1200 BC).



Around 50% of the spearhead is present, in two joining fragments. Most of the spearhead and some of the blades are present, the rest is missing, presumed lost in antiquity.



The spearhead is broadly lentoid (diamond) in shape. The socket is incomplete.. The remains of the socket is circular, and extends through both fragments. The blades were probably originally triangular in shape, they taper inwards to the socket.



The larger fragment measures 71.4 mm in length, a maximum width of 33.5 mm, across the blades in the centre. It is 14.3 mm thick. The metal is 1.6 mm thick. The socket is 16.1 mm wide at the base, and 8.9 mm wide at the tip. The blades have a surviving width of 9.7 mm and are 2.9 mm thick. It weighs 34.6 g.



The smaller fragment measures 24.6 mm in length, 21.8 mm wide and 10.7 mm thick. The metal is 2.0 mm thick. The socket is 7.5 mm wide at the base, and 4.6 mm wide at the top. It weighs 7.6 g.



Together both fragments weigh 42.4 g.



The spearhead is a mid green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



From the shape of the blades, it is possible that this spearhead fragment was a side looped and socketed type, such as HESH-CFC925 and HESH-C348E5. Peter Reavill comments on those records that: Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). Two similar examples of the overall style of spearhead are illustrated in Savory: Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections ref: 230, Llanbeblig, Caern. and 337:2 Nantcwnlle, Cards. The later example was discovered in an excavation of a burial mound in association with a Pygmy Cup. The metal of this example has been analysed and found to be of Cemmaes metal dated to the period 1400-1200 BC. It is reasonable to assume that this spearhead is of a similar date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.4,,,14.3,84,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Eccleshall,SJ7633,From finder,52.89390686,-2.35818076,WMID-E2A194,,WMIDE2A194_D.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete spear head,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/charm15/WMIDE2A194_D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/599438.jpg
825357,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1020,-800,"A complete but worn mid to late Bronze Age tanged and lugged chisel or hammer/punch, dating from the Blackmoor/Ewart Park phase, c 1020- 800BC. The chisel is triangular in shape narrowing towards the point, with a square lug projecting either side 17.3mm from the wider end. The lugs are chipped and worn. The chisel is rectangular in cross section. The chisel is a dark brown orange colour, with patches of green patina showing from underneath where the chisel has been chipped and damaged. The chisel measures 59.5mm in length, 12.6mm in width, and 5.2mm in thickness. It weighs 10.48g.



Similar records on the database are YORYM-71EBF0 and HESH-51B7E2",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-21T23:00:00Z,,,,10.48,,,5.2,59.5,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Fleet Marston,SP7714,GPS (from the finder),51.81933103,-0.88428912,BUC-E32496,,BUCE32496.jpg,Bronze age chisel,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCE32496.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/598376.jpg
825438,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1501,"Butt end of a Early Bronze Age flanged axehead. The end is rounded and the break has truncated the beginnings of the flanges (a straighter end and a greater distance between it and the flanges would be expected from a palstave). Extant length 16.7mm. Width 24mm. Thickness 6.5mm. Weight 9.57g. c.2000 - c.1500 BC.



Field WYRD",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-18T23:00:00Z,2016-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,9.57,,,6.5,16.7,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1097,Centred on field,52.53036852,1.09455645,NMS-E5D7F1,,60250_E5D7F1_EBA_FlangedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Butt end of a Early Bronze Age flanged axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60250_E5D7F1_EBA_FlangedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156083.jpg
826095,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe. Extant length 35mm. Extant width 23.5mm. Weight 14.05g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-25T23:00:00Z,2016-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,14.05,,,,35,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Garvestone,TG0206,,52.61419001,0.98227178,NMS-1F2BA1,,61741_1F2BA1_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61741_1F2BA1_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156104.jpg
826098,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Cast bronze (copper alloy) side looped and socketed spear (spearhead) of Middle Bronze Age date (1500 - 1150 BC). The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with an incomplete and abraded sub-oval or leaf-shaped blades. The hollow socket is near complete and is slightly chamfered at the base.. Two single cast 'string' side loops are present, one on either edge. The tip of the spearhead is complete however the side blades have been broken. The overall shape of the blade can be best described as being leaf-shaped. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering (tip to base) pointed midrib. This midrib expands to the socket of the spear. The central raised line of the mid-rib does not extend into the socket. The socket is roughly half the whole length of the spear. The cross section of the spear is lentoid and the socket is circular. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The casting seams have been filed or polished away. 



The spearhead measures 104.02mm length, has a maximum width (across base of socket) of 14 mm. The depth of the socket is 55 mm. The spearhead weighs 42.89 grams. The mouth of the socket has a diameter of 12.5mm and a thickness of 2 mm.



Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.89,,,,104.02,1,Rachel Mowbray,Rachel Mowbray,South West,Dorset,Purbeck,Bere Regis,SY8296,From finder,50.76330752,-2.25658361,DOR-1F4D7C,,1F4D7C.jpg,Middle Bronze Age side-looped socketed spearhead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/1F4D7C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/608478.jpg
826462,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A copper alloy fragment of a blade, dating to the broad period 1500 BC to 1100 BC. 



The fragment is very small, with a very flat sub rectangular cross section. Its physical shape is lozenge, and all the edges are smooth, even the edge with the break point.



The height of the fragment is 13.64mm, the thickness is 2.38mm the width is 16.90mm and it weighs 2.83g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.83,13.64,,2.38,,1,Grace Clark,Grace Clark,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Coombe Bissett,SU1025,,51.02428498,-1.85879287,WILT-61D2C4,,WILT61D2C4.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT61D2C4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/600981.jpg
826600,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead, of Late Bronze Age dating (1150 BC to 800 BC).



Less than 25% of the socketed axehead is present, consisting of the base of the socket and the blade edge. The fragment is sub rectangular, with a triangular cross section. The socket is rectangular in shape. 



The socketed axehead fragment measures 30.8 mm in length, 46.3 mm wide (at the blade), 34.3 mm wide (at the body), 13.3 mm thick (at the body), 5.0 mm thick (at the blade edge). The remnants of the socket is 3.7 mm deep. It weighs 82.3 g.



The socketed axehead is a mid green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in the loss of the original surface.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,82.3,,,13.3,30.8,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Staffordshire Moorlands,Longsdon,SJ9654,From finder,53.0832046,-2.06116859,WMID-7388C4,,WMID7388C4.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete socketed axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID7388C4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/598523.jpg
827014,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead with the mouth missing. There is considerable distortion around the non-recent break. The cutting ege is scuffed and the surfaces are pockmarked. A row of four short engraved grooves near the break are deliberate. Extant length 65mm. Width 49.2mm. Thickness 20.2mm. Weight 123.72g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Field MB6",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-18T23:00:00Z,2016-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,123.72,,,20.2,65,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Forncett,TM1694,Centred on field,52.50109666,1.18092005,NMS-8D347B,,59697_8D347B_LBA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/59697_8D347B_LBA_SocketedAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156078.jpg
827109,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-950,"Butt of a Bronze Age (c. -1500 to c. -950) palstave: The copper alloy fragment is a sub rectangle with one terminal being broken, but not recently. The opposite edge tapers slightly in width and also tapers to a blunt point in thickness. The long edges on both faces have a slight lip.



The upper and lower surface of the fragment has an incomplete shiny dark green patina which has small and large pitting.



The fragment measures 31.14mm in length, 23.38mm in width and 9.09mm thickness and weighs 29.9g.



The fragment is the butt of a palstave and dates to the middle Bronze Age (c. -1500 to c. -950).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-06T23:00:00Z,2016-12-07T00:00:00Z,,,29.9,,,9.09,31.14,1,Angie Bolton,Carina Hughes,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Elmbridge,SO9165,From finder,52.28306623,-2.13334976,WAW-9DECAE,,WAW9DECAE.jpg,"Bronze Age palstave butt (plan, profile,plan and profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW9DECAE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/602403.jpg
827321,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze age copper-alloy bun ingot dating from 1150-800 BC. Possibly associated with a late Bronze Age 'founders hoard'. The remaining ingot represents about a quarter of the total ingot. The ingot is an amorphous piece of set molten copper-alloy with irregular thickness. The ingot retains its bronze colour due to its depositional environment.



Dimensions: length: 45.15mm; width: 40.03mm; thickness: 20.8mm; weight: 135.85g



Similar bun ingots on the database are SF-C98115 and ESS-939345.



Pearce (1983) illustrates four incomplete plano-convex ingots from Mountbatten, Plymouth, on page 597, Plate 36, No.281t, which were found associated with Late Bronze Age socketed axes, gouges, chisels and knives, and two from Churston Ferrers in Devon on page 601, Plate 40, Nos.306a-b.



References: Pearce S.M., 1983. The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain. Archaeological Reports, British Series 31. Oxford",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,,,,,135.85,,,20.8,45.1,1,Stuart Wyatt,Stuart Wyatt,London,Greater London Authority,Wandsworth,Thamesfield,TQ2475,Generated from computer mapping software,51.46040223,-0.21650964,LON-B2755A,,LONB2755A.jpg,A fragment of a Late Bronze age copper-alloy bun ingot dating from 1150-800 BC.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stuartwyatt/LONB2755A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/599241.jpg
827543,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy chisel, comprising a rectangular-sectioned tang expanding from a pointed end without a stop ridge or collar towards a crescentic blade. Small parts of the cutting edge are missing. A reduced version of Inventaria Archaeologica (1954) G.B.6, no.5. Length 50mm. Width of blade 16.3mm. Thickness 3.4mm. Weight 6.29g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.



Field T",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-18T23:00:00Z,2016-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,6.29,,,3.4,50,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1197,Centred on field,52.52998247,1.10927571,NMS-C896E8,,59701_C896E8_MBA_Chisel_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/59701_C896E8_MBA_Chisel_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156079.jpg
827568,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead, the inner end of the socket and the cutting edge. The main break is not recent but probably not ancient, being quite granular. On and around the cutting edge there is much recent scuffing and loss of the patinated surface. Extant length, width and thickness 30, 47 and 12.5mm. Weight 36.98g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Field RW",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-18T23:00:00Z,2016-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,12.5,30,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1099,Centred on field,52.54832201,1.09582018,NMS-CC7684,,25886_CC7684_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/25886_CC7684_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155028.jpg
827569,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed chisel, the inner end of the squashed socket and the cutting edge. The main break is ancient and there is some recent scuffing. Extant length and width 23.5 and 30mm. Weight 14.78g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Field G4",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-18T23:00:00Z,2016-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,14.78,,,,23.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Great Ellingham,TM0095,Centred on field,52.51617253,0.94614324,NMS-CCA2EA,,50469_CCA2EA_LBA_SocketedChisel_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/50469_CCA2EA_LBA_SocketedChisel_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156062.jpg
827593,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment from the corner of the body of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe of unequal thickness.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.34,,,,21.92,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Wanborough,SU9348,GPS (from the finder),51.22362842,-0.66962311,SUR-E1AEEE,,1753.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/1753.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/609912.jpg
828309,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A length of gold strip or &lsquo;ribbon&rsquo;, with eight longitudinal lines incised or grooved into the gold on one side only. 

Condition: broken at either end with no signs of preformation or terminal (some examples previously discovered do feature these elements). The ends are broken and ragged and there are a number of tears and folds along the body of the strip.

Dimensions: 

Length: 32mm

Width: 9mm

Weight: 1.52g

Gold content: Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the strip by the British Museum Scientific Research team indicated a surface composition of approximately 86-88% gold, 11-12% silver, the rest being copper (1-2%). See appended report. 

Discussion: Similar grooved, pierced gold ribbons are well known, examples include: 2013 T326 (WILT-26F931), 2007 T692 (WAW-C0C0B3), 2014 T63 (BERK-387817), and 2013 T154 (PAS-067AC5); 2012 T577 (ESS-C13B97.

The incised linear decoration of the strip can be paralleled on a number of gold strips and &#39;ribbons&#39; of known and very probable Bronze Age date, particularly the find from Sherborne St John, Hampshire (2013 T154), which also had a single perforation to one and was decorated on only one side. The dimensions and weights of the bands are also comparable. The Tendering strip also bears comparison with gold strips from The Hamel, Oxfordshire (Case 1981; Palmer 1981); Corringham, Lincolnshire (2011 T459); Sproxton, North Yorkshire (2010 T664); Flixton, North Yorkshire (2003 T40a&amp;b); and Ansley, Warwickshire (2007 T672). The find from The Hamel, Oxfordshire, came from the same layer as typologically late Beaker pottery dating to the Early Bronze Age (cf. Needham 2005).","Due to the precious metal content of this object being over 10% gold, and it being over 300 years old, this object qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.

Author: Neil Wilkin &ndash; Curator, The British Museum",4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2016-11-12T00:00:00Z,,2017T103,,1.51,,,0.8,31.9,1,,Arwen Wood,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Grafton Regis,SP7445,,52.09840006,-0.92113717,BUC-1DF5C4,,BUC1DF5C4.jpg,Gold fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC1DF5C4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/599842.jpg
828923,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A very worn Late Bronze Age copper-alloy fragment of a socketed axe. What survives is the blade with the base of the socket.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.13,,,11.38,44.3,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Bix and Assendon,SU7284,GPS (from the finder),51.5503057,-0.96299443,SUR-7714F0,,B17102.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17102.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/616472.jpg
829221,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Possibly an incomplete mid to late Bronze Age tang off a chisel or awl, probably dating from the Ewart Park phase, c 1150- 800BC. The length is 54mm, the width is 12mm thickness 8mm and the weight 14.64g. Tanged chisels, which date from c. 1150-850 BC, are known from several hoards and as isolated finds. Several tanged chisels, or elements of them, are recorded on this database (for example, see BH-49EAD8). Tanged chisels and awls have few diagnostic features and change little through time, making their dating and identification more difficult and their dating is further hampered by a lack of associated datable artefacts within hoards but tend to date to the Late Bronze Age, c. 1250-800BC, but maybe much later. Similar to SUR-435CC1 and ESS-159732.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-01T00:00:00Z,2018-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,14.64,,,8,54,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Sefton,Sefton,Ince Blundell,SD3203,Centred on parish,53.51925344,-3.02705851,LANCUM-8A0D61,,LANCUM8A0D61.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM8A0D61.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/600439.jpg
829389,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-1700,"Bronze age copper alloy flat? axe fragment. The fragment consists of a curved and slightly flared blade end on a rectangular cross sectioned solid body.  The shape would suggest an early Bronze age date (2300-1700 BC), see   YORYM-C26951   DUR-764732



Length: 44 mm, width: 35 mm, thickness: 14.0 mm, weight: 71.87 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2016-12-14T00:00:00Z,,,71.87,,,14,44,1,Wendy Scott,Elisabeth Janovsky,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Hinckley and Bosworth,Peckleton,SP4398,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.57812191,-1.36688022,LEIC-9B2161,,LEIC9B2161.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ejkj1/LEIC9B2161.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/600520.jpg
829460,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A very unusual Middle Bronze Age looped pin dating to c.1400-1250BC (the 'Ornament Horizon'). The pin has a dark brown patina with small green surface pits caused by corrosion.



The pin has broken across its projecting loop and the lower part of the shaft is missing. There is a casting void visible in the break. The pin has a swelling shaft which is extensively decorated; five groups of bands encircle the shaft in the order 5,4,5,6, 6 with the band of five being closest to the head of the pin and the band of six at the break in the shaft. In three instances the space between two individual grooves is infilled with transverse nicks (or short straight lines). The wider space left between the band of five and the band of six is infilled with a closely-spaced diamond lattice of grooves. The shaft of the pin widens and splays as it meets the flat circular (24.75mm diameter) back of the head of the pin which is extensively covered with abrasions caused by grinding.



On the outer face of the circular head is a cylindrical projection with a dished interior; this is presumably intended for a missing setting, perhaps of amber. Around this cylinder is a circle of fourteen truncated cones which project a little beyond the central cylinder.



This highly unusual pin has no close parallels.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-24T23:00:00Z,,,,27.82,,24.75,,74.85,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,"Aston, Cote, Shifford and Chimney",SP3504,From finder,51.73362473,-1.49458822,SUR-9D1663,,B16944.JPG,Bronze Age: Pin,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B16944.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/600597.jpg
830116,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1000,"A complete copper alloy Bronze Age pegged and looped spear head dating to the Middle Bronze Age,1500-1150 BC. The spear is 210 mm in length and 39.90 mm at its widest point. The spear consists of a leaf-shaped blade, which tapers towards the tip. The blade is lozenge-form in cross section; the blade edges are rough in places, showing some wear and tear. The blade has a circular cross-sectioned mid-rib which gradually widens towards the base of the blade to form the socket. The mid-rib has a pronounced moulded groove bordering each side of the blade. At the top of each of these grooves, there is an elongated loop either side of the shaft, c 9.24 mm in length and 3 mm wide.



The top of the shaft displays some wear resulting in jagged edges for about half the circumference. A peghole pierces the shaft on each side, 18.42 mm down from the top of the shaft, in line with the leaves on the blade. These holes are c 4.82 mm in diameter. The socket is 20.79 mm in internal diameter.



One surface of the shaft is pierced in several places along much of the length of the blade, just above the groove: there are two small holes; another larger at 8.40 mm long; and a substantial rent 40.55 mm long and 6.26 mm high. In general, the surface of the shaft is smooth and uniform, with patches of green patina in places, above and below, mainly confined to the grooves.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,142,,,,210,1,Helen Baker,Helen Baker,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Grafton and Radcot,SP2701,,51.70709279,-1.6106593,WILT-DAEC0E,,WILTDAEC0E.jpg,Bronze Age spear,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTDAEC0E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/601235.jpg
830149,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"A copper-alloy socketed side-looped spearhead of Bronze age date. The spearhead is broken into two conjoining pieces but is otherwise well preserved. The blades are curves along the outer edges and remain sharp. There is a prominent midrib between the blades which flares towards and extends into the socket. The midrib and socket have a circular cross section. The socket is flared to the base. It retains one curved side loop, the other is broken off.



Date: Middle to Late Bronze Age - c. 1200 - 800 BC



Peter Reavill has identified this as dating to the Penard phase of the Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,69.07,,,11.43,167.9,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Sarah Kelman,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Iwerne Minster,ST8514,Centred on field,50.92525691,-2.21479048,DOR-DC23F5,,DC23F5a.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/DC23F5a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/602755.jpg
830221,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 BC. Only the tip of the spear remains which is triangular in plan and lozenge in section with mid-ribs. The remaining socket is filled with organic material as a result of its deposition.



An insufficient portion of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed, though it is probably comparable with the range of spearheads in Davis Groups 6-11.



The metal has a dark grey/green patina and is worn. The spear is 27.5mm long, 16.7mm wide, 9.9mm thick and weighs 6.4g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.4,,,9.9,27.5,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Cropton,SE7789,GPS (from the finder),54.29083288,-0.81856566,YORYM-DDBFB8,,RJ0083.jpg,Bronze Age : Spearhead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/RJ0083.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/602139.jpg
830318,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-1000,"An incomplete Bronze Age socketed and side looped spearhead. The spearhead is in two conjoining pieces, broken accross the socket below the blades. The end of the socket is damaged and incomplete.The blades are outcurved at the base before tapering in to a narrow tip, forming a flame-shape. There is prominent midrib running between the blades and extending into the socket. The midrib is lozengiform in cross section as is the upper part of the socket. The lower end of the socket is circular in cross section. There is a low flattish side loop on either side with oval apertures. The upper part of the socket retains what appears to be a piece of mineralised wood.

Date: Middle Bronze Age - c. 1200 - 1000 BC



Peter Reavill suggestes the spearhead is from the Taunton metalwork phase.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.86,,,12.1,149.7,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Sarah Kelman,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Iwerne Minster,ST8514,Centred on field,50.92525691,-2.21479048,DOR-029EBA,,029EBAa.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/029EBAa.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/602792.jpg
830545,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A fragment of the tip of a copper-alloy socketed spearhead dating to the Bronze Age. The fragment measures 54mm in length, a maximum of 18mm in width and 9mm in thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-12-28T00:00:00Z,,,,15.44,,,9,54,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Streatley,TL0928,GPS (from the finder),51.9398372,-0.41577999,BH-1A5AD6,,bh1a5ad6.jpg,Bronze Age spear,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/bh1a5ad6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/606795.jpg
830553,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy spearhead  dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 BC. Only the tip of the spear remains which is triangular in plan and lozenge in section with mid-ribs. No socket is present.



An insufficient portion of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed, though it is probably comparable with the range of spearheads in Davis Groups 6-11.



The metal has a mid-green patina and is pitted and worn. The spear is 38.7mm long, 15.3mm wide, 10.5mm thick and weighs 12.7g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.7,,,10.5,38.7,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Folkton,TA0379,GPS (from the finder),54.19642212,-0.42271002,YORYM-1AAAE5,,DHL0003.jpg,Bronze Age : Spear,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/DHL0003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/602203.jpg
830606,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2250,-1900,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (Bronze) flat axe of the Early Bronze Age period dating from  c. 2250 BC - 1900 BC.



The flat axe is broadly trapezoidal in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid (pointed oval), with slight tapering edges. In cross section the axe is lentoid. The axe is broken toward the butt of the axe, but more than three-quarters of the axe survives. The break is relatively jagged and uneven; however it has a similar patina to that of the rest of the axe - suggesting damage in antiquity. The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the broken edge to the blade. The edges of the axe have not been raised to form flanges. The sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through abrasion, as has the blade edge itself. There are a series of striations (incised lines / file marks) running across the width of the axe. These are likely to be a result of sharpening the cutting edge. It seems most probable that the axe was cast in an open mould. All the diagnostic elements of the axe are lost (such as shape of butt and hafting specifications). The condition of the axe is poor - the majority of the surface patina has been removed by laminating corrosion, which appears to be active. 



The axe measures 77.6 mm in length, it is 34.4 mm wide at the butt and the blade is 75.2 mm wide. The butt has a thickness of 8.7 mm, the blade is 2.8 mm thick. It weighs 253.6 g.



The object is a dark brown in colour with an uneven patina. Areas of green active corrosion are present on the surface of the object. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of much of the original surface detail. From the blade shape (which could be described as fan-like) it is probable that the axe falls into the Migdale tradition of metalworking. This fits with the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II / III), of metalworking stage IV-VI, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2-3 circa 2250 - 1900 CAL. BC. Axes such as this are dated to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae. Other broadly similar axeheads have been recorded on the database, including HESH-33EA4A, LANCUM-E30276, NMGW-5F8955 and LVPL-DA4598.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-12-05T00:00:00Z,2016-12-05T00:00:00Z,,,253.6,,,8.7,77.6,1,Helen Glenn (Derby),Helen Glenn (Derby),East Midlands,Derbyshire,Amber Valley,Shottle and Postern,SK3246,From finder,53.01035831,-1.5245213,DENO-1CEFD2,,DENO1CEFD2.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Migdale Type Flat Axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/helenglenn3/DENO1CEFD2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/602366.jpg
830724,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"A copper-alloy dagger, possibly dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1300 to 1150 BC). The dagger possesses a lentoidal-section tang which is rectangular in form and expands and flattens to form a rounded terminal. Extending from both the upper and lower surfaces of the tang are small, semi-circular projections measuring 14mm in length and 1mm in width. These projections would have helped secure a handle to the dagger. The tang expands to form the blade which is lentoidal in section and gently tapers to a point, now broken. It measures 180mm in length, the blade has a maximum width of 25mm and a thickness of 3mm. The tang has a width of 14mm.



The object was originally in two pieces and has been restored. It is difficult to fit this small dagger into existing typologies for Bronze Age weaponry and thus its identification must remain tentative. Dot Boughton comments 'that it might belong to the Penard phase, dating to the earliest phase of the Late Bronze Age 1300-1150 BC and be a Ballintober type. Most British Ballintober swords come from the Thames Valley and a small number was found in South West England and South Wales. Until a sword of this type was found near Stranraer (Galloway), the most northerly find came from the River Trent in Nottinghamshire.'",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,3,180,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Edlesborough,SP9719,Centred on parish,51.86116288,-0.59281369,BH-2DF409,,BH2DF409.jpg,Bronze Age dagger,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/BH2DF409.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/601618.jpg
831076,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a copper alloy, side looped and socketed spear (spearhead) of probably the Middle Bronze Age period, dating from c. BC 1500 - c. BC 1150.



The fragment would have made the tip of the spear. The object is broadly triangular in plan and lozenge (diamond shaped) in section. There is a raised rib running the length of the fragment on both the front and the reverse face. From the rib each side of the fragment slopes down towards the blade. The cutting edges of the blade are damaged and much of the edge is now missing, presumed lost in antiquity. The tip of the fragment is also damaged, probably as a result of post depositional damage whilst within the plough soil. 



The object measures 20.0 mm in length and is 18.8 mm wide at the base of the fragment and the tip is 4.8 mm wide. The tip has a thickness of 4.5 mm, the blade edge is 2.8 mm thick, and the base measures 15.6 mm thick. It weighs 5.8 g. 



The object is a dark green in colour and has an even patina. There is evidence of post depositional damage on the surface of the object in the form of pitting and indentations. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. 



Similar looped spearheads have been dated by Margaret Ehrenberg to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions (c. 1500 - 1150BC). Others have been recorded on the database, including HESH-218915.",The finder notes that this object forms the tip of a spear head previously recorded and found in the same area. The two finders have pieced the two objects together and found they fit perfectly. The spear head is recorded on the PAS database as DENO-3B0107.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-12-22T00:00:00Z,2016-12-22T00:00:00Z,,,5.8,,,15.6,20,1,Helen Glenn (Derby),Helen Glenn (Derby),East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Farnsfield,SK6255,From finder,53.0886228,-1.07572072,DENO-448691,,DENO448691.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Tip of a side looped and socketed spear (spearhead),Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/helenglenn3/DENO448691.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/602415.jpg
831393,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-1000,"The hoard consists of seven objects (two tools and five ornaments). Among the ornaments there are three annular decorated armrings/bracelets, one spiral coiled finger-ring and one short section from a spiral twisted torc, all made of copper alloy. Among the tools there is a palstave axehead and a socketed hammer, both also in copper alloy. No other details of the composition/arrangement of the hoard (or of any other objects) were recorded.



Catalogue: 



1. Bracelet/armring, annular, decorated (complete) ('Liss' type). 



A complete copper alloy bracelet/armring decorated probably by engraving/incision, with several panels of decoration separated by less complex 'dividing' patterns. Condition is generally very good and the bronze is golden in patches and green/corroded in other areas. The decoration is relatively deep and has been applied with some degree of care. There are guidelines visible at various locations on the body of the bracelet/armring, which presumably relate to the application of the decoration. \



The complex decoration is best appreciated by photographs and line-drawings but the arrangement is as follows:



Panel A: Elliptic nested motifs built up from combinations of three lines separated by a row of dots alongside semi-circular patterns with the same design logic. These are arranged approximately one atop the other [i.e. ')('].



A 'dividing' section of 10 lines (running vertically to the circumference of the bracelet-armring - please note, this is true of all other decorative elements described as 'lines' in the below description), a row of stacked chevrons creating a herringbone pattern, five lines, a section of criss-cross decoration, seven lines.



Panel B: Is made up of a geometric pattern consisting of (filled and unfilled) chevrons on either side of a central bar that is made of line, dot and ladder motifs.



A 'dividing' section of three lines, a line of dots followed by three further lines.



Panel C: Is made up of nested chevrons, above and below which are panels that could only be appreciated from above rather than from the side view of the bracelet/armring. They consist of a line of dots with horizontal lines to both sides and a row of herringbone.



A 'dividing' section of three lines, a line of dots followed by three further lines, a section of criss-cross decoration, three lines, a lot of dots followed by three further lines.



A repetition of Panel B.



A 'dividing' section of three lines, a line of dots followed by three further lines.



Dimensions: External diameter: 88mm; Internal diameter: 59mm; Thickness of bar: (width) 15mm; (height) 18mm; Weight: 362g.



2. Bracelet/armring, annular, decorated (incomplete) ('Liss' type).



An incomplete copper alloy bracelet/armring (missing around a third of the original length). It is decorated probably by engraving/incision, with several panels of decoration separated by less complex 'dividing' patterns. The decoration is relatively deep and has been applied with some degree of care. Condition is generally very good and the bronze is golden in places but green/corroded in other areas.



The overall decorative scheme is very similar to bracelet/armring No. 1 and the same 'dividing' and 'panel' system used above can be applied:



Break in bracelet/armring that comes into a 'dividing' section of criss-cross decoration followed by three lines (running vertically to the circumference of the bracelet-armring - please note, this is true of all other decorative elements described as 'lines' in the below description), a line of dots followed by three further lines.



Panel B.



A 'dividing' section of three lines, a line of dots followed by three further lines



Panel A.



A 'dividing' section of five lines, a row of stacked chevrons creating a herringbone pattern, four lines, a section of criss-cross decoration, five lines, a row of stacked chevrons creating a herringbone pattern, five lines.



A repetition of Panel B which breaks off due to the missing section.



Dimensions: External diameter: 88mm; Internal diameter: 59mm; Thickness of bar: (width) 13-14mm; (height) 18mm; Weight: 257g.



3. Bracelet/armring, annular, decorated (complete) ('Liss' type). 



A complete copper alloy bracelet/armring decorated probably by engraving/incision. The decoration is simpler than bracelet/armrings Nos. 1-2 and it weighs less than the complete example (No. 1). It comprises of four panels carrying the same motif: tightly nested/stacked herringbone that face a mirror image of the same motif, creating this effect: '>><<'. The panels are separated by diving sections made up of lines that run vertically to the circumference of the bracelet/armring. There are four of these dividing sections. The number of the lines in each is not always identical (there are 12, 15, 16, and 16 respectively).



Dimensions: External diameter: 88mm; Internal diameter: 61mm; Thickness of bar: (width) 13mm; (height) 15mm; Weight: 295g.



4. Spiral finger ring. Made from a single bar of copper alloy that has been spiralled into two complete loops and two half loops at the top and bottom, where the terminals are forged down neatly, presumably to prevent them from catching/snagging. Small hammer marks are visible on the external surfaces. The condition is generally very good with patches of golden bronze mixed with green patches of corrosion.



Dimensions: Height (of spiralled stack): 22m; Diameter: 29-31mm; Thickness of bar used to make ring: 6mm; Height of bar used to make ring: 8mm; Weight: 56g



5. Spiral twisted torc fragment. A fragment of a copper alloy spiral twisted torc with old breaks at either end that appear to have been made in antiquity. The fragment still has soil adhering to the surfaces but it is possible to see that the metal has been twisted from a bar rather than cast to appear twisted.



Dimensions: Length (measured with a soft tape): 60mm; Thickness: 5.5mm; Weight: 9g.



6. Socketed hammer. A copper alloy socketed hammer. Condition is generally good, with patches of golden bronze and other areas of green corrosion. There is evidence of wear to the hammer's surface and sides. There is a small casting flaw near the collar: a small perforation that would not have interfered with the function.



Dimensions: Length: 70mm; Hammer's striking surface dimensions: (height) 26mm; (width) 15mm; Socket dimensions: (height) 25mm; (width) 22mm; collar thickness: 4mm; Weight: 148g.



7. Palstave axehead. An unlooped copper alloy palstave with central mid-rib and unpronounced stop-ridge. The palstave is best placed in Rowland's Class 3 (1976, 32-3). There are features in common with his Class 4 (the lack of pronounced stop-ridge) but this is not sufficiently strong to place it in that class, although some degree of hybridisation may have taken place.



Dimensions: Length: 143mm; Blade width: 60mm; Butt width: 20mm; Width of flanges: 30mm; Weight: 332g.



Discussion:



The finds catalogued above form part of a Taunton Assemblage hoard (c.1400-1250 BC). Several ornament hoards of Taunton phase have been found in Hampshire to date (see Roberts 2007; Wilkin 2016, 42-3, App. 2.1 and Treasure Case 2016 T940) and, more broadly, across Southern England (Ibid., in passim). The condition of the objects, and the presence of three decorated annular bracelet/armrings, two of which are decorated to a very high standard with complex motifs, makes this an important addition to the corpus of ornament hoards. The decoration of the three decorated bracelets/armrings deserves further study/commentary but for now it may be noted that the motifs are consistent with those from other known examples, several of which are from Hampshire (cf. Rowlands 1971).","As a single find of more than two objects of prehistoric date, the objects catalogued above (Nos. 1-7) constitute a find of Treasure as stipulated by the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002). 





Bibliography:



Roberts, B. 2007. Adorning the living but not the dead: a reassessment of Middle Bronze Age ornaments in Britain. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73, 135-67



Rowlands, M.J. 1971. 'A Group of Incised Decoration Armrings and their Significance for the Middle Bronze Age of Southern Britain', The British Museum Quarterly, XXXV (Nos. 1-4), 183-99



Rowlands, M. J, 1976. The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain, BAR 3 I (i&ii)



Wilkin, N. 2017. 'Combination, Composition and Context: Readdressing British Middle Bronze Age Ornament Hoards (c.1400-1100 cal. BC)' In Martin, T.F & Weetch, R. (eds.), Dress and Society: Contributions from Archaeology, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 14-47",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2017-01-26T00:00:00Z,,2017T160,,,,,,,7,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Hurstbourne Priors,SU4645,Generated from computer mapping software,51.20236818,-1.34297471,SUR-590F5D,,BraceletNo12of2jpg.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy bracelet,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/BraceletNo12of2jpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/640937.jpg
831583,Strap Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,150,"A complete copper alloy strap distributor or toggle dating from the late bronze age to the Roman period, c. 1150 BC to AD 150. The strap distributor is sub rectangular in shape with a rectangular openwork centre. There are four spherical knops at the junction of each angle, with a bar in between each. The bar is oval in cross section. Either side and at the base of one of the spheres the metal has been very worn, suggesting that may have been attached or held something. The strap distributor is a dark brown colour, with patches of light brown red corrosion. The spherical junctions have a light green patina. It measures 22.5mm x 22.8mm x 9.0mm, and weighs 12.67g.



The strap distributor is similar to one of the objects in WILT A74356 (object 7), although only half survives. This is described as a toggle, and is dated from the late Bronze age to early Iron Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-11-28T00:00:00Z,,,,12.67,,,9,22.8,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Quainton,SP7220,GPS (from the finder),51.8739332,-0.95556823,BUC-6D8ACD,,BUC6D8ACD.jpg,Bronze age to Roman Strap distributor,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC6D8ACD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/602389.jpg
832084,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1500,"Cast copper alloy flat axe dating to the Early-Mid Bronze Age (2350 - 1500 BC). The axe is narrow with straight but tapering sides and there are no signs of a stop ridge. The sides of the axe are very slightly thickened, but it does not have flanges.



The metal is dark green in colour with a heavily pitted and corroded patina.



The axe probably fits into the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage I-II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 1-2 circa 2500- 2050 CAL. BC, or slightly later.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: SWYOR-9EC7C9 WAW-049216, LANCUM-E3C336 and SUR-25F712.



The length is 68mm, the width is 28mm thickness 8mm and the weight 50.21g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-03T23:00:00Z,2016-08-03T23:00:00Z,,,50.21,,,8,68,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,South Ribble,Coupe Green and Gregson Lane,SD5726,From finder,53.72861411,-2.65322386,LANCUM-B155C3,,LANCUMB155C3.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMB155C3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/602673.jpg
832418,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"An incomplete copper-alloy spearhead of middle Bronze Age date, circa 1500 - 1000 BC. The tip of the spear remains which is triangular in plan with curved edges. The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade. A prominent raised circular sectioned midrib runs longitudinally down the centre of each face, which extends from the broken socket terminal to the tip. The damaged socket is circular in section.



The metal has a mid-green patina and is pitted and worn. The spear is 87.32 mm long, 28.98 mm wide, 16.08 mm thick and weighs 51.4 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,51.4,,,16.08,87.32,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Loppington,SJ4630,From finder,52.86475915,-2.8035674,WMID-CC3A18,,WMIDCC3A18.jpg,"Bronze Age spearhead fragment (plam, profile, front, profile, reverse and tip)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMIDCC3A18.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615786.jpg
832526,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-800,"
~~Copper alloy Bronze Age blade fragment from a knife. This has a low oval cross-section with tapered blades on either side. The front and back ends are truncated making it possible that this is around the middle of the knife. This artefact dates to the middle to late Bronze Age.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-12-31T00:00:00Z,2017-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,3.61,,,2,24,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Hartpury,SO7725,From finder,51.92304055,-2.33585509,GLO-D7C0AA,,GLOD7C0AA.jpg,GLO-D7C0AA Bronze Age Knife Fragment,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOD7C0AA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/603652.jpg
832659,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave axehead (c.1500-c.1300 BC). The axehead is a Group I (shield-pattern) type from the Acton Park phase of Bronze Age metalwork, distinguished by its shield-shaped decoration below the stop ridge.



The butt is H-shaped in section and has some damage to the terminal. The flanges of the butt are wide, and at the end is a pronounched stop-ridge. Beyond this extending onto the blade on both sides is a shield-shaped decoration with a moulded rib that extends from the centre of this and further along the body. The blade is flared and extends to a full crescent.



Both narrower sides of the palstave have a moulded rib running down the middle, perhaps indicative of a casting seam. The axe has a reddish patina with extensive areas of green corrosion all over.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,340,,,,,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Beeston with Bittering,TF9116,Generated from computer mapping software,52.70795411,0.82580202,LIN-DA78A7,,LINDA78A7.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LINDA78A7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/617321.jpg
833246,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy socketed knife, of Thorndon type, dating to c BC1500 - 800. The item consists of the socket, pierced on both sides near the open end for a rivet or similar, and a short section of blade. The socket is 32.24mm in length, and oval in cross section, tapering in thickness from 12.30mm at the open end to 8.13mm at the point where the blade begins. It is 19.92mm in width. The metal of the socket is c2.10mm thick. It appears to have been made of two pieces soldered together, with one seam slightly flattened. The rivet holes are c4.75mm in diameter.



The blade is 5.45mm thick, stepped in from the base of the socket and tapering over a length of 28.50mm to 3.38mm thick.at which point there is an old break. It is sub lozengiform in cross section, the blade narrowing from c19.90mm to 17.05mm at the break. There is no evidence, in this length of blade, of a curve or serration, other than some wear to both edges. At the point of the break, the flat of blade appears to be curling upwards but this might have occurred at the same time as the break rather than being part of the original design.



The item is 61mm in length overall and weighs 30.77g. It has a green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.77,,,,61,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Urchfont,SU0556,,51.30310049,-1.92966281,WILT-427E72,,IMG_5852f.jpg,Bronze Age Sickle,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/flojohnstone/IMG_5852f.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/605253.jpg
833379,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1800,1400,"A complete copper alloy awl or ""graver"". The mid section has a square cross section and either end tapers extends into a long tapering point with a circular cross section.This created four lozengiform faces on the mid section.
Date: Bronze Age to later
Dimensions: 86.33 mmx 5.19 mm
Weight: 8.65 g



Although possibly Bronze Age, it is difficult to distiguish tools of this type from later,items of similar function (Peter Reavill pers. comm.)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.65,,,5.2,86.33,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Sixpenny Handley,ST9917,Centred on field,50.95243085,-2.01560872,DOR-533DF1,,533DF1.jpg,Copper alloy awl of Bronze Age or later date,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/533DF1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/603911.jpg
833749,Jewellery,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-800,"A rolled-up strip of gold of probable Chalcolithic or Bronze Age date (c. 2500-800 BC). The strip of gold is sub-rectangular in plan, and is rolled up (width ways), forming a tight roll which has been slightly squashed into an oval shape (when viewed from the side). Eleven folds can be counted from the middle. There is some soil still attached to and within these folds. The strip is very thin (less than a diameter). The strip is wider in the middle than near the end, where it tapers from c. 21 mm in the middle towards 15 mm at the end (the end hidden in the folds in the centre of the bundle is also narrower than the middle). It becomes even narrower towards the very end, but how narrow cannot be assessed as the tapering end has been folded over backwards twice so that the very end of the strip is hidden between the first fold. The outer surface of the strip that can be seen (the rest being hidden between the folds) is undecorated, and has a pitted, uneven and slightly creased surface. There are also several small probable post-depositional scratches on the outer surface of the roll. A small cut or break is visible on the edge of the strip in the second and eighth fold, but they do not appear to extend across the entire width of the strip.



Measurements: The rolled-up gold strip has a maximum height of 21 mm, a maximum width of 15 mm and a breadth of 12 mm. It weighs 15.09 g (including soil).



Metal content: Analysis of the gold at the British Museum demonstrated that the object was 95-96% gold and has a composition consistent with a Bronze Age date.



Discussion: This object would have been a long, narrow thin strip of gold tapering towards the ends. Unfortunately, due to its rolled-up condition, the ends in the strip described here cannot be seen, so any possible perforations, if present, are not visible. Unlike several other gold strips of Bronze Age date (e.g. WMID-FE3C28, NMGW-39F32D no. 1, KENT-D13625, BERK-BA8440, HAMP-36C41B, PAS-067AC5), this strip does not seem to have been decorated. Such plain gold strips without any archaeological context present problems for dating. They are relatively undiagnostic examples of Bronze Age goldwork in Southern England (c.2500-800 BC) and parallels are hard to find (cf. Murgia et al. 2014). However, there are a few similar objects. In France there is an example of a plain tapered strip of gold from the Saint-Babel hoard. It was rolled up in a very similar way as the strip discussed here (Eluère 1982, 114, pl. 137). However this strip or bracelet is a lot thicker and shorter than the strip discussed here. Another plain strip of gold with a tapered end and two small perforations was found in an Early Bronze Age Breton hoard, but unfortunately this piece is incomplete so its length cannot be assessed (Eluère 1982, 57 pl. 68). Another object in continental Europe which is similar to the strip described here is illustrated and described as a diadem by Perea (1991, 50); it comes from a Chalcolithic collective tomb at Cueva de los Murciélagos, Granada, in the south of Spain. However, the object is a lot wider in the middle than the strip described here. In Ireland a plain gold strip with rounded, tapered ends was found in Co Cavan (Taylor 1980, pl. 28 g,h & i), but this strip was decorated and only 285 mm long.



In the UK there also are a few parallels for this object. CORN-8EC344 for instance, is a plain gold strip with tapered, rounded ends that have been folded over. There are punch holes inside these folded terminals which may have held a nail. Another plain gold band (or 'ribbon') folded over on itself to create four layers was found in West Mersea Essex (ESS-9D1D4A) and this only had one perforated terminal. A similar possible Bronze Age plain gold band or 'ribbon' was found in Dorset (DOR-52C762). This band is broken at one end and the other tapers to an unperforated terminal. A plain gold strip from the Vale of Glamorgan (NMGW-09A1A5), with perforated and folded terminals, is dated from the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1300 BC) (Portable Antiquities and Treasure Annual Report 2008 273, no.24, 42). A hoard from Capel Isaf, Manordeilo, Carmarthenshire had two items that may be comparable; a gold securing strip with perforated folded terminals from a gold armlet or cuff, and incomplete crushed gold armlet formed of a plain strip with tapered terminals (Savory 1980, 125, 195, fig.47, nos. 1 and 4). This hoard is dated to the Middle Bronze Age c.1600-1400 BC (bid. 125).



However, the closest parallels for this rolled-up gold strip are two possible diadems or neck-chokers. The first of these was found near Winchester in Hampshire (HAMP-AEA895). This is a long, cigar shaped strip of sheet gold with tapered ends. Both ends have three small perforations set in a triangle. The transverse creases in this strip (which was unrolled) are consistent with it having been rolled up and crushed flat, in a very similar way as the object described here. This deliberate destructive treatment (folding, rolling, damaging) is fairly common in Bronze Age objects that are deposited as part of a hoard. The second 'diadem' comes from Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire (WAW-FF1E9A). It is broken into two pieces, but they appear to have formed a long slender sheet of gold with tapering ends. Both ends have three small perforations. Unlike the first example, the edge of this sheet is decorated with a border of fine pointille decoration and although the sheet was crumpled, it was not folded.



Based in the available parallels, the rolled-up gold strip can be assigned to the Bronze Age and deserves further research.","In terms of age and precious metal content, the object qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2016T187,,15.09,21,,,,1,Neil Wilkin,Ian Richardson,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Little Baddow,TL7808,From finder,51.74242844,0.576797,PAS-6DBE56,,2016T187a.JPG,Bronze Age gold strip,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2016T187a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/604283.jpg
833840,Mould,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A copper alloy Middle Bronze Age palstave mould formed of two interlocking halves (i.e. bivalve) was found on the 25th of February 2017. No other objects or details of the find context were reported. The two halves (valves) of the palstave mould are described separately below and have been labelled and referred to as 'Part A' and 'Part B' throughout.



Description: 



Soil still adheres to both parts of the bivalve mould (especially to 'Part B') but X-radiography has assisted in description of both parts.



Valve (Part A) 



A valve for a Middle Bronze Age palstave with semi-circular pouring/sprue cup (see Fig. 1). The internal surfaces are well finished (although soil still adheres). Three small rounded tendons (semi-circular in cross section) are raised c.2-3mm above the surface of the mould and are designed to interlock with the negative impressions (sockets) found on Part B (see below). There are two tendons on either side of the stop ridge and the third is located at the blade edge of the valve, approximately midway along the length of the blade. There is a relatively deep mid-rib in the centre of the blade (c.4-5mm) and some scoring to the septum surfaces (see Fig. 1).



On the exterior surface of the mould there are two small circular protrusions (or 'pellets') located at the blade end of the valve, approximately level with the corners of the palstave's cutting blade (see Fig. 2). There is an area of white speckled patina extending around the centre of the mould and in one or two isolated patches on the corner of the valve and at the pouring sprue end.



Within the soil from the valve were three small heavily corroded pellets of ?copper alloy (now bagged and stored separately), more work is required to analyse and understand these inclusions. Other, similar fragments can be seen in the soil that still adheres to the interior surface of the valve.



Damage: A crack runs through the valve and is most noticeable on the exterior surface of the valve. It is 60mm in length and widens towards the blade end of the mould (where it reaches a maximum width of c.1mm). This crack is likely to be ancient. Other fissures can be seen in the septum (running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the palstave impression) and can be seen on both the interior and exterior surfaces of the valve (compare Figs. 1 & 2). These cracks/fissures (and others) are identified in the X-Radiography images provided by Daniel O'Flynn (Scientist, The British Museum) (see Fig. 3 & 4). Radiography reveals that the crack on the blade edge extends to the mid-rib of the palstave mould impression.



Dimensions: Total length of valve: 212mm; Width of valve: 90mm (at the max. point of blade width); Width of valve (min.): 47mm; Width (at pouring cup terminal): 50.5mm; Height of pouring cup: 25mm; Length (pouring cup to stop-ridge): 77mm; Length (stop ridge to edge of blade): 104mm; Width (max. blade width): 70mm; Width (at stop ridge): 25mm; Weight: 1461g.



Valve (Part B) 



Description: A valve for a Middle Bronze Age palstave with semi-circular pouring sprue/cup. The pouring sprue/cup end of valve is eroded/worn, possibly through use prior to deposition. The interior surface of the valve has three corresponding sockets for the tendons of valve 'Part A' (see Fig. 1). There is a semi-circular indent in interior surface of the valve that has a depth of c.7mm. This may have function to enable the metalworker to separate the two valves easily following the casting process. Soil adheres to the surfaces of this valve more fully than Part A. But the X-Radiographic image demonstrates that the patterning is identical to Part A, as one would expect (Fig. 3-4). There are cracks running horizontally across the blade on either side of the valve. Radiography confirms that these do not meet. They are visible on the exterior and the interior surfaces of the mould.



The impression of the palstave has not been set as evenly within the valve, hence the distance between blade corners to edge of the mould is 10mm and 12mm in the case of 'Part A' but 6.5mm and 13mm in the case of 'Part B' (Fig. 1).



On the exterior surface the same white-speckled patina that features on the exterior of valve 'Part A' covers the middle section of the valve (Fig. 2). There is no equivalent to the pellets that are found on the corners of the exterior surface of 'Part A'.



Damage: Cracks can be seen through the blade, running through the mould but not extending across its full width. These cracks are likely to be ancient. X-Radiography (Fig. 4) reveals additional cracking within the septum of the palstave impression, running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the palstave impression and extending from the mid-rib to the edge of the blade.



Dimensions: Are as 'Part A' with a slightly heavier weight (1482g), probably due to the adherence of soil. The palstave impression sits less evenly within the surface area of the mould (as noted above).



Discussion:



This is only the tenth Middle Bronze Age palstave mould found in Britain to date and only the fourth example of a mould used to produce unlooped palstaves (Adams & Webley 2016, Table 1; A. Gwilt pers comm.). It is the first to have been found in Oxfordshire, if we exclude the palstave-chisel from Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire (Adams & Webley 2016, no. 47). Other palstave moulds have been found in Southern England, including examples from London, Norfolk, Shropshire and Wiltshire.



The mould would have been used to cast broad bladed palstaves of Rowland's (1976, 32-3) Class 3, Group 1. The mould is most similar to that from Deansfield/Danesfield, Gwynedd, Bangor, Wales (Adams & Webley 2016, no. 20; British Museum Reg. 1849, 0521.5). That mould also has two tendons on either side of one valve and would have been used to produce similarly formed palstaves of Class 3, Group 1 (Rowlands 1976, 32-3).



Two factors may account for the abandonment and/or deposition of the bivalve mould. Firstly, the two valves fit relatively snuggly at the blade end of the bivalve (as one would expect for the bivalve to function effectively) but there is a bowing of both valves at the pouring sprue/cups ends (Fig. 5). This would lead to spillage and miscasting and would be very difficult to correct or stimmy. Similar bowing of copper alloy moulds has been noted on modern (experimental) examples and has resulted in the failure of the mould to cast successfully (N. Burridge pers comm.). Secondly, the large cracks across both fragments (see Figs. 3-4) would create potential for leakage and failure to cast palstaves of adequate form for use.



Please note: further conservation work and scientific research would be highly desirable given the relative rarity of this find.



References: 



Adams, S. & Webley, L. 2016. 'Material Genealogies: Bronze Moulds and their Castings in Later Bronze Age Britain', Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 82, 2016, 323-40.



Rowlands, M. J, 1976. The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain, British Archaeological Report, 3 I (i & ii)","As a single find of two objects of prehistoric date, this find qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (Designation Order 2002).",4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2017-02-25T00:00:00Z,,2017T202,,,,,,,2,Neil Wilkin,Arwen Wood,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Chinnor,SP7402,From a paper map,51.71186194,-0.93035683,BUC-7E5EA8,,BUC7E5EA8.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC7E5EA8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1001002.jpg
834286,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1150,"A fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier. The fragment comprises the lower part of the blade and the tip. It has a prominent mid rib, straight truncation at break and slightly pitted edges. Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1550-1150 BC. Length 67.25mm; Extra measurements; width - top 11.79mm, 8.79 at the end. Thickness; 3.26 at end, 3.56 at the break.",Rally Record Yellow 69,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,XP Rally Milton-under-Wychwood 2016,12.9,,,4.12,67.25,1,Alex Bliss as Finder,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Shipton-under-Wychwood,SP2615,From a paper map,51.83301178,-1.62408738,BERK-AE6C24,,DSCN4109.JPG,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/DSCN4109.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/604892.jpg
834332,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A copper alloy socketed side looped spearhead dating to side looped and socketed spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500 - 1150 BC), later Acton Park and Taunton phases. The spearhead has leaf-shaped blades which have been damaged. Main measurements shown below, other measurements: Width over loops 14.40mm, 7.51 at begiining of blade, Socket 14.51mm in diameter.",Rally Record Yellow 80,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,XP Rally Milton-under-Wychwood 2016,36.8,,,6.41,113.96,1,Alex Bliss as Finder,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Milton-under-Wychwood,SP2515,From a paper map,51.83305723,-1.63859925,BERK-C55D4B,,DSCN4148.JPG,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/DSCN4148.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/604943.jpg
834602,Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-2100,1800,"A Bronze Age to Post Medieval, 2100 BC - AD 1800, piece of copper alloy possible casting waste, date uncertain.It is squashed but rectangular in cross section at the 'top', measuring 6.1mm X 2.7mm",Rally Record White 95,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-17T23:00:00Z,,,XP Rally Milton-under-Wychwood 2016,5.12,,,7.5,19.7,1,Katie Hinds,Michael Byard,,,,,,,,,BERK-E950A6,,DSCN4395.JPG,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/DSCN4395.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/605177.jpg
834627,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A copper-alloy object, possibly a button dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age. The object is circular in shape and hemispherical in section. The upper surface is decorated with two concentric, ring-shaped cells, which are filled with remnants of a white substance. At the centre, there is a raised spherical knop. The underside of the object is roughly finished, plain, with a slight circumferential rib. A small hemispherical-section loop extends from the underside with a 2mm gap. The object measures 22mm in diameter and a maximum of 8mm in thickness.



A similar example is recorded by the PAS as: WMID-498A82.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,22,8,,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Great and Little Chishill,TL4140,From finder,52.040476,0.05436905,BH-E9F0E9,,luggedthing.jpg,Bronze Age button,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/luggedthing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/605192.jpg
834731,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1700,"The fragmentary nature of the object makes typological identification difficult. It is probably a cast copper alloy flat axe dating from the Early Bronze Age,  that is c. 2150-1500BC. The axe is narrow with tapering sides and there are no signs of a stop ridge. It has a rounded butt and a flared cutting edge with concave shoulders judging from the slightly tapering sides it is probably an earlier flat axe (that is from c. 2150-1700BC) rather than a later one from the Migdale metalworking tradition. It shares similarities with axes of the Brithdir and Willerby metalwork traditions (Rohl and Needham 1990, 102). No signs of ridges or flanges are present indicating that this is an early flat axe. The length is 65mm, the width is 34mm thickness 10mm and the weight 65.35g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-02T00:00:00Z,2017-03-02T00:00:00Z,,,65.35,,,10,65,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Fylde,Singleton,SD3940,From finder,53.85263105,-2.92879003,LANCUM-EC7A2A,,LANCUMEC7A2A.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMEC7A2A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/605256.jpg
834737,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2150,1500,"Copper alloy metal working waste possibly ore dating from the Early Bronze Age,  that is c. 2150BC to the medieval period 1500AD. The ore is in an irregular trapezoid and exhibits corrosion products. It is not possible to refine the chronology on appearance alone. The length is 105mm, the width is 90mm thickness 80mm and the weight too heavy for scales.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-02T00:00:00Z,2017-03-02T00:00:00Z,,,,,,80,105,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Fylde,Singleton,SD3940,From finder,53.85263105,-2.92879003,LANCUM-EC8B9C,,LANCUMEC8B9C.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMEC8B9C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/605259.jpg
835667,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, consisting only of the tip. The blade is lozeiform in cross section. Width at midpoint 4.05mm and thickness at midpoint 4.87mm. Although the form of the spearhead is hard to dertermine from the fragment, it is of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (c. 1500-800 BC).",Rally Record Yellow 765,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,XP Rally Milton-under-Wychwood 2016,4.5,,,6.07,22.68,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Milton-under-Wychwood,SP2515,From a paper map,51.83305723,-1.63859925,BERK-2D130B,,DSCN4223.JPG,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/DSCN4223.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/606040.jpg
835862,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age blade dating to 1500 - 800 BC. The item consists of a short section of blade, 26.34mm in length, oval in section and 27.98mm in width, tapering over its extant length to 25.71mm.



The blade is 6.02mm thick. At the point of the break, the flat of blade appears to be beginning to curl upwards but this might have occurred at the same time as the break rather than being part of the original design.



It weighs 22.95g. It has a green patina, but part of the surface on one side has been scored, perhaps when excavated, and shows a silvery colour.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,22.95,,,6.02,26.34,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Vernhams Dean,SU3656,,51.30199026,-1.48499642,WILT-684767,,IMG_6137.jpg,Bronze Age: Sickle,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/grace93/IMG_6137.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/606837.jpg
836346,Adze,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Bronze age copper alloy palstave adze, 140mm long, 23mm wide and 17mm thick with a weight of 159grams. The object is rectangular in form and cross section and is intact, with slight damage to its butt end and some of its surface.



The butt end is rectangular in form and triangular in cross section, with each face having a rectangular shaped recess with a raised border to contain the handle. The blade, which has an elongated triangular cross section, tapers in width from the point it joins the butt. Overall it is 20mm wide and rectangular in form, then flares out to form a curved cutting edge 32mm wide at its flared tip. On each narrow side, just below the butt recess, is a small triangular recess with a slightly raised border. Further along the blade edge are diagonal ridges/ripples formed at casting. The object is otherwise plain.



These are very rare objects, this example being the sixth on this database, but this is the second from Leicestershire, with one being found in Swithland LEIC-58C955. Other similar examples are from Warwickshire WAW-FLB395 and Wiltshire WILT-DBCAF4 and on this example Brendan O'Connor commented: 'This is a type known to Evans (Ancient bronze implements, p 85, figs 70-1). One of these is illustrated by Rowlands, The production and distribution of metalworking the Middle Bronze Age in southern Britain, pl 34, 1110'. Two further examples have been found in Crosby Ravensworth, Cumbria LANCUM-5CE338 and Gisburn in Lancashire LANCUM-64B7A7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2017-03-08T00:00:00Z,,,159,,,17,140,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Owston and Newbold,SK7610,Generated from computer mapping software,52.68237478,-0.87722075,LEIC-916183,,LEIC916183.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy palstave adze,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEIC916183.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/606681.jpg
836362,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy socketed axe blade fragment, 42mm in length, 27mm wide and 12mm thick with a weight of 53.08grams.



The object is rectangular in form and triangular in cross section with a curved blade forming one long edge. The opposite side is wider and has a slight sub rectangular recess. Its surface is quite worn and abraided, missing most of its surface.","The object was found near, but not associated with, a Bronze Age Adze LEIC-916183",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2017-03-08T00:00:00Z,,,53.08,,,12,42,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Owston and Newbold,SK7609,Generated from computer mapping software,52.67338685,-0.87745115,LEIC-91B859,,LEIC91B859.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy axe fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEIC91B859.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/606689.jpg
836595,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-750,"Description: Short length of gold rod, oval-sectioned and S-shaped in profile. The sides exhibit slight longitudinal facets. Both ends have been hammered, cut and torn, leaving a flattened trapezoidal face on each side flanked by two angled facets. 



Dimensions: Length: 14.5mm, width: 5.7mm, maximum thickness: 4.3mm, minimum thickness: 1.3mm, weight: 3.4g. 



Discussion: A number of similar objects have been reported as potential Treasure, individually and as components in hoards, and are recorded on the PAS database. They are most typically described as Bronze Age ingots, such as 2004 T416 (nos. 41, 48 & 49) & CORN-199400 (2005 T110).  Some are suggested to have been fragments of Bronze Age bracelets, including SUSS-23E3A5 (2004 T59) & IOW-BD19F8 (2007 T429). 



A small number of similar objects have also been recorded as unidentified in terms of both object type and date, including SF-2D6E28 (2008 T310) & KENT-C4CEE1 (2010 T439). 



Date: Although a firm date cannot be ascribed, the presence of similar examples as components in hoards is strongly indicative of a Middle to Late Bronze Age date, c. 1500 – 750 BC.",The object appears to consist of over 10% precious metal and be over 300 years old at the time of finding and as such qualifies as potential Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.,3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2017-02-13T00:00:00Z,2017-03-13T00:00:00Z,2017T252,,3.4,,,4.3,14.5,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Sedgeford,TF7035,GPS (from the finder),52.88558595,0.52516935,NMS-9533FB,,31814_9533FB_BA_Ingot.jpg,Bronze Age ingot,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/31814_9533FB_BA_Ingot.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1097036.jpg
837132,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,-700,"Late Bronze to early Iron Age (c. 900 to 700 BC) socketed axe: The axe has been cast from copper alloy and is complete. The mouth of the socket is almost a square, with rounded corners and convex sides. On two interior edges, opposite each other, there is a slight semi-circular moulded platform. The socket is 92.31mm deep and tapers in depth more than it tapers in width. The rim of the mouth is abraded and undulating because of the abrasion. The socketed mouth moulding on the exterior just has a single sub-triangular sectioned collar.



The sides of the axe have a slender casting seam, with the seam, on one face, curving over the integral loop. The loop s D-shaped with a sub-oval perforation which has traces of the casting seam within it. The faces of the axe are slightly narrower than the sides, causing the sides to be slightly faceted and rounded. The sides taper towards the blade edge



The axe faces appear to be flat and undecorated. There is surface abrasion and the faces have lost some of their patina. The edges of the faces have parallel sides and a splayed cutting edge. The blade tips are rounded and the cutting edge is abraded, very worn and is slightly convex. The cutting edge may have been sharpened extensively as the blade edge is quite thick and does not have the bevel you occasionally see. There is not decoration on the axe.



The axe measures 111.27mm long, 66.05mm wide across the blade tips, 40.08mm thick across the mouth moulding and weighs 324g. The socket mouth interior measurements are 27.82mm long and 27.49mm wide.



Dr Dot Boughton considers the axe to be transitional late Bronze Age to early Iron Age, therefore dated c. 900-700 BC and that it is a late chunky Ewart Park type with a square to sub-rectangular mouth.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-30T23:00:00Z,2017-01-12T00:00:00Z,,,324,,,40.08,111.27,1,Dot Boughton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wyre Forest,Rock,SO7370,From a paper map,52.32742301,-2.39760518,WAW-BA32B4,,WAWBA32B4.jpg,"Bronze Age socketed axe (plan, profile, plan, profile and terminals).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWBA32B4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/607236.jpg
837265,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
A very worn and pitted tapering fragment from a copper-alloy possible knife, probably of Bronze Age date. The fragment comprises part of the blade and a thinner tang. The tang has been pierced centrally with a circular hole.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.53,,,2.34,26.12,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU3036,GPS (from the finder),51.12250376,-1.57272486,SUR-BE0BE8,,17228.jpg,Bronze Age: Knife,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17228.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/611702.jpg
837612,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,410,"
A Bronze Age to Roman copper-alloy awl, one end of which is pointed and circular in section. The awl thickens to the opposite end which is flattened and chisel-like. Awls are very difficult to date and a wide range of dates is suggested here.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.77,,,3.35,86,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Great Hallingbury,TL5118,GPS (from the finder),51.84019316,0.19040637,SUR-E871B8,,17285.jpg,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17285.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/612447.jpg
837861,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age blade, dating to c 1500 BC to 1100 BC.



The fragment is very small, with a very flat sub rectangular cross section. It is lozengeform in cross section. All the edges are smooth, even the edge with the break point. The blade narrows from the break to the curved tip.



The height of the fragment is 24.92m, the thickness is 3.86mm the width is 14.81 and it weighs 4.14g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.14,,,3.86,24.96,1,Grace Clark,Grace Clark,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,,51.01537053,-1.95860828,WILT-FF5C49,,IMG_6455.jpg,Bronze Age: Blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/grace93/IMG_6455.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/608579.jpg
838117,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed side-looped spearhead of Bronze age date, consisting of only the shaft of the spearhead. The side loops are semi circular in shape, with a circular pierced hole, the loop plate is narrow. One of the side loops is worn and broken. The midrib section is lozenge shaped. The shaft is broken and worn at both ends, it narrows towards the blade end. Similar spearheads on the database have been dated to the Middle to Late Bronze Age, 1500-700 BC. It measures 43.5mm in length, 14.6mm at maximum width, 1.8mm in thickness, and weighs 9.33g.



Similar records on the database are DOR-DC23F5, LIN-A90E8A and WILT-0276AC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-12-15T00:00:00Z,,,,9.33,,,1.8,43.5,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Whaddon,SP8133,Generated from computer mapping software,51.98955638,-0.82181063,BUC-1431A2,,BUC1431A2.jpg,Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC1431A2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/608115.jpg
838171,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A copper-alloy circular conical casting well with stubs of two runners. This is likely to be of Middle to Late Bronze Age date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,,,,38.41,19.62,,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Brightwalton,SU4280,GPS (from the finder),51.51736692,-1.39610162,-SUR 155119.00,,DSCF7563.jpg,Bronze Age: Casting debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF7563.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/613569.jpg
838203,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Cast copper alloy palstave dating from the Middle Bronze Age, i.e. c. 1500-1300BC. The axe is broken at the butt but is otherwise complete with casting flashes that have been filed but are still slightly raised on the sides. It is part of the Taunton metalwork assemblage. The axe has two triangular flanges (diamond-shaped from the side) and with its small, worn semi-circular stop-ridge it could be related to the shield-pattern palstaves of the Acton Park metalwork assemblage to which it bears some resemblance. The axe is a heavy implement and complete with the two flanges and a crescent-shaped blade with up-turned corners. It has a dull brown patina. The axe is pitted and corroded therefore it is difficult to tell if there are any sharpening marks.





A similar, less complete palstave was recorded here: LANCUM-F8B182



The length is 142mm, width is of blade is 67mm, thickness is 35mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-12-22T00:00:00Z,2016-12-22T00:00:00Z,,,,,,35,142,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Waddington,SD7244,From finder,53.89141654,-2.42752353,LANCUM-16229D,,LANCUM16229D.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM16229D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/607813.jpg
838222,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment of the rim of a Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe. The fragment has a rounded ridge below the rim and a prominent casting seam.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-11-26T00:00:00Z,,,,7.32,,,4.73,24.96,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Ropley,SU6433,From a paper map,51.09274836,-1.08749698,SUR-1926AE,,17424.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17424.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/613611.jpg
838612,Anvil,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Cast copper alloy anvil of probable Bronze Age date, though possibly later. The item consists of a rectangular body, 41.9mm in length, 25.76mm in width and 18.76mm in thickness. The top edge of the body is faceted, with a ridge in the centre and two faces sloping down on either side. When viewed from the side, the body of the anvil is pentagonal in shape. There is a sub rectangular projection on the bottom edge of the body approx. 28.08mm long and 6.93mm thick. This projection is sub-ovoid in cross section, and tapers to become thinner both in width and in thickness toward the end.





The object has a rough surface and a green patina covering all faces. There is brown staining that could be from a ferrous material on the top and side edges of the body.





Dimensions (entire object): weight: 148.75g, length: 51.21mm, width: 41.9mm, thickness: 18.76mm





For similar items on the database, see HAMP-7C41DB and  KENT-0278AC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,148.75,,,18.76,51.21,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,,,,,,,,,ESS-3965F0,,ESS3965F0.jpg,Bronze Age Copper Alloy Anvil,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESS3965F0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/609437.jpg
838908,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1200,800,"A fragment of a copper alloy spearhead, dating to the middle or late Bronze Age (1200-800BC). Only the tip of the spearhead remains, which is triangular in shape, and lozenge in cross section with a worn midrib. The break is worn. An insufficient amount of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed. The tip has a light green patina. The fragment measures 19.6mm in length, 8.2mm in width, and 4.9mm in thickness. It weighs 1.44g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-11-13T00:00:00Z,,,,1.44,,,4.9,19.6,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Studham,TL0014,GPS (from the finder),51.81569364,-0.55070744,BUC-51208A,,BUC51208A.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC51208A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/608404.jpg
839072,Chisel,Bronze Age,Neolithic,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A small tanged Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy chisel with a splayed blade and worn surfaces.
","Cf. SUR-B07EE7, WILT-366F33 and SF-498094",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.02,,,3.61,44.88,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Benson,SU6589,GPS (from the finder),51.59610489,-1.06301112,SUR-6751DB,,B17197.jpg,Bronze Age: Tanged chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17197.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618891.jpg
839112,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"
A Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave butt which has been broken below the stop ridge. The tip of the butt is broken across a flaw in the casting. There is a central rib below the stop ridge but this is only clear on one side. The palstave is pitted and has a dark green patina. There are file marks across the casting seam.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,82,,,22.7,63.63,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Bray,SU9177,GPS (from the finder),51.48464161,-0.69084646,SUR-7ACEF9,,B17222.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17222.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618985.jpg
839113,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2500,43,A copper-alloy annular object; the patina suggests a Bronze Age or Iron Age date.  The object may be a spindle whorl although whorls of this date range do not appear to be known. The object has a dark green patina and is slightly plano-convex in shape. The internal hole measures 7.5mm diameter.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.87,,,3.96,,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Bray,SU9177,GPS (from the finder),51.48464161,-0.69084646,SUR-7ADD22,,B17223.jpg,Bronze Age: Unidentified object,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17223.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619369.jpg
839466,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze age gold bracelets, 1000-700BC. The bracelets have an ovoid cross section and are pennanular in form,  flaring out into flat circular terminals, one is slightly larger than the other.



The bracelets were found on seperate occasions in the same garden, the first was found whilst gardening and the second by chickens digging. Once the second was was found they were submitted as 'Treasure Trove'",,4,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Gardening,1994-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,47.2,,,,,2,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Birstall,SK5908,From a paper map,52.66651192,-1.12901136,LEIC-A3A9AE,,LEICA3A9AE.JPG,Late Bronze age gold bracelets,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEICA3A9AE.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/608704.jpg
839718,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy awl dating from the Middle Bronze Age to Roman periods, c. 1500 BC-410 AD. It is double ended, with one end being circular-sectioned and tapering to a rounded point, while the other end is square-sectioned and tapers to a chisel-like terminal. The awl measures 45mm in length, a maximum of 6mm in width and 5mm in thickness.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,4.95,,,5,45,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,South East,Buckinghamshire,Chiltern,Amersham,SU9596,GPS (from the finder),51.65477162,-0.62812666,BH-B72230,,bhb72230.jpg,Bronze Age awl,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/bhb72230.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/609386.jpg
839760,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"A Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe blade with a 24mm depth of the socket remaining. Possibly of South Eastern type, dating from c. 900-700BC. The blade itself exhibits sharpening striations. the fragment is very worn with much of its surface missing. The axe has a dark green/brown surface, where the original surface survives, and powdery light green corrosion where the surface is missing.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-12T00:00:00Z,,,,125,,,,58.59,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Elsted and Treyford,SU8119,GPS (from the finder),50.96473746,-0.84791877,SUR-B838BB,,B17360.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17360.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/621241.jpg
840087,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1000,800,"A Bronze Age (-1000 to -800) copper alloy blade fragment: The cast blade fragment is rectangular in plan and elongated lozenge-shaped in cross-section with a raised rib in the centre of each face.  Both cutting edges are worn and incomplete and the perpendicular edges to these are broken so that the original length of the blade is unknown as well as the position of this fragment along it, though it is likely between the hilt and the middle of the sword as this is where the blade tapers before expanding at the mid-point.  There may be some dot impression decoration on both surfaces which has a mottled dark green and brown patina.





It is probably a fragment from a sword, dagger, knife or rapier of the Late Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,34,6.5,,1.4,31.9,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Pyrton,SU6798,GPS (from the finder),51.67678072,-1.03242226,BERK-CCF74B,,BERKCCF74B.jpg,Bronze Age: Blade Fragment: Copper Alloy,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bertie123/BERKCCF74B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615533.jpg
840166,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,"Copper alloy Middle Bronze Age socketed spearhead. The blade is leaf-shaped with a lozengiform-sectioned midrib. The edges have been substantially chipped and abraded. The tip is missing. The hollow socket expands to a circular-sectioned mouth 17.9mm in diameter (internal diameter 12.4mm).



Casting ribs are visible running along both sides of the body from the mouth to the point at which the blade commences. On one side, the casting rib has been filed, on the other it has been left. Similarly, a casting rib is visible running from the tip of the blade down the body to the socket on both faces. One has been filed, the other is untouched. On either side of the socket are the stubs of loops. These appear to have been filed down. Between the stubs on one side is an irregualrly shaped hole which appears to be casting flaw. On the opposite side a hole has been drilled.



Total length: 125.5mm, maximum width: 28.1mm, minimum width: 11.4mm, maximum thickness: 9.9mm, minimum thickness: 1.5mm, weight: 61.1g.



The spearhead has a mottled dark brown patina with patches of green.



Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC).



Cf. WILT-1F3709, HESH-CE6980 & SOM-DB1205.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,2017-02-06T00:00:00Z,,,61.1,,,9.9,125.5,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Guestwick,TG0527,GPS (from the finder),52.80158415,1.03959965,NMS-D005E8,,61796_D005E8_MBA_SocketedSpearhead_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age socketed spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61796_D005E8_MBA_SocketedSpearhead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155155.jpg
840194,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-800,"An addendum to the previously recorded 'Tendring Hoard' (see PAS ref



A group of 11 bronze objects found through metal detecting in Tendring, Essex, found in the same area and therefore associated with the Tendring Hoard (2015 T590).



1) sword fragment. A fragment of a copper alloy sword blade. The fragment is from the blade, broken across the blade on both ends, resulting in a slight curved or s-shaped profile in section. The cross section shows a convex middle section which then thins towards each blade edge. The curved cross-section suggests that the fragment stems from the upper section of the blade, towards the hilt. Both blade edges are damaged along the length, meaning the original cutting edge is destroyed probably prior to deposition. There appears to be some modern damage to the surface, with deeper scratches and striations revealing a brighter patina.



Dimensions - length: 6.5cm, width: 3.15cm, thickness (max): 0.7cm, weight: 64.31g



2) copper alloy fragment.  An irregular fragment of copper alloy, which appears to have a flat surface as one face, whilst the others are irregular and uneven suggesting this is a piece of casting waste or part of a rough round-shaped ingot.



Dimensions - length (max): 4.6cm, width (max): 2.5cm, thickness (max): 1.7cm, weight: 49g.



3) copper alloy fragment.  A small fragment of copper alloy of irregular shape. There is one flat surface, with an opposite face which appears slightly rounded. The fragment has irregular breaks around all sides revealing an irregular surface. Along with fragment No.2, this could also be part of an ingot.



Dimensions - length (max): 2.2cm, width (max): 1.9cm, thickness: 1.4cm, weight: 19.61g.



4) fragment of a socketed and looped axehead.  Body fragment of a socketed and looped copper alloy axehead, consisting of one face from the socket to approximately half way down the body towards the blade. The fragment has irregular breaks along both sides, and the loop survives along with visible casting seams on both side faces. The break across the blade face is straight and linear, perpendicular to the direction of the axe. The socket has a prominent moulded rim, followed by a parallel moulded ridge c.1cm from the rim leading to an undecorated body. The loop survives intact and begins from the second moulded ridge. From the surviving fragment of the socket, it is possible to suggest that the socket would have been rounded or sub-square. The fragment is quite corroded but there are patches of the original patinaed surface, some of which show scratches.



Dimensions - Length (incomplete): 6cm, width (at socket): 3.6cm, loop length: 2cm, loop width: 0.85cm, weight: 117.11g.



5) fragment of a socketed axehead. A fragment of a copper alloy socketed axe. The fragment includes the narrow asymmetrical blade and most of the axe body, with an irregular break across the body. The visible socket is sub-rectangular in cross-section. The fragment is in good condition but the surface has suffered from corrosion. And the lack of diagnostic features remaining makes it difficult to identify a type.



Dimensions - axe length 6.7cm (incomplete), blade width: 3.9cm, width at break: 2cm, weight: 115.88g.



6) fragment of a socketed axehead.  A large body and blade fragment of a copper alloy socketed axehead, with an irregular break across the body of the axe. Casting seams are visible along each edge, and a number of scratches are visible on the surface in a variety of directions which are likely to a mixture of ancient and more recent damage. There is a clear scuffing of one edge which was probably caused during the recovery of the objects. The cross section of the interior is sub-rectangular, and the body runs straight before flaring into the rounded blade edge.



Dimensions - length (max): 6.9cm, blade width: 4.4cm, width (at break): 3cm, weight: 136.32g.



7) fragment of a socketed and looped axehead. A fragment of a copper alloy socketed and looped axehead, surviving from the base of the loop to half way down the body of the axe, both the socket rim portion and blade edge section are missing. The socket is sub-square in cross-section at the top break at the base of the loop, and widens to sub-rectangular at the second break across the blade body. The fragment comes from a narrow bodied axehead.



Dimensions - length: 4cm, width: 2.4cm (at loop), side width: 2.4cm (at loop), weight: 85.2g.



8) fragment of a socketed axehead.  A small fragment of a copper alloy socketed axehead, consisting of one face from the upper part of the blade. The surface appears to taper out slightly suggesting this fragment is from the middle section of the blade body. In section, the fragment is slightly curved suggesting it has been bent. On one side the casting seem is visible, and linear striations suggest to polishing or working of the axe once cast. All edges of the fragments are created by breaks, one appears to be straight whereas the break at the narrower of the tapered face, and those along the sides are irregular. There are no identifiable features surviving on this fragment.



Dimensions - length: 2.7cm, width (max): 2.8cm, width (min): 1.2cm, thickness:0.4cm, weight: 16.32g.



9) fragment of an axehead. A blade fragment of a copper alloy axehead. The fragment has a linear break across the body of the axe, running perpendicular to the direction of the axe body. The cutting edge is asymmetrical and damaged, although it is likely that the large chips have been removed post-deposition. There is evidence of recent damage on one face perhaps caused during the recovery of the artefacts. The blade is flared slightly, and the sides appear to be faceted leading up to the main portion of the blade body which is now missing. The break reveals a solid interior, with no signs of a socket visible.



Dimensions - length: 3.5cm, blade width: 4.3cm, side width (at break): 1.2cm, weight: 55.35g.



10) fragment of an axehead.  A blade fragment of a copper alloy axehead. The fragment has a linear break across the body, perpendicular to the direction of the blade. the blade edge is irregular through a mixture of ancient and more recent damage; however, the blade would have been asymmetrical prior to deposition.



Dimensions - blade width: 4.5cm, length: 3.2cm, width: 0.8cm, weight: 53.35g.



11) copper alloy artefact.  A small cylindrical piece of possible copper alloy, although the red/brown colour of the surface suggests some surface erosion. The object is cylindrical, and appears to have linear casting seams or ridges along each side. Both ends are rounded.



Dimensions = length: 3.7cm, width: 1.4cm, thickness: 0.95, weight: 22.63g.



Discussion/ identification



No. 1 is identifiable as a sword fragment from the upper part of the blade body. Due to the convex-concave cross-section it is possible to suggest that the fragment comes from a leaf-shaped sword, however a definite identification is impossible due to the significant percentage of the sword which is missing. Due to its association with socketed ace fragments in this group of objects, it could be argued that the fragment comes from a Ewart Park type sword (see Burgess and Colquhoun 1988:66).



Fragments Nos.2 & 3 are irregular and do not resemble any recognisable artefact. The flat surface that each fragment has could suggest they are part of a copper alloy/bronze ingot.



Due to the double rib moulding at the socket, axe fragment No.4 can be loosely categorised as belonging to the South-Eastern type (Schmidt and Burgess 1981:212, Plate 85). South-Eastern axes are characterised by a 'fairly slender, square to rectangular sectioned body with a squarish mouth' (ibid). Axe fragments Nos. 5-8 lack any clear features by which they can be identified, and so they cannot be categorised beyond belonging to socketed axes.



The blade fragments, Nos. 9-10, are likely to belong to a socketed axe due to the presence of other socketed fragments in this assemblage. Because the break is close to the blade tip, the interior is solid in both these fragments and whilst it is more likely that the break occurred below the limit of the socket, these fragments cannot be definitely identified as socketed axeheads or tools.



No.11 is an irregular cylindrical object which is not identifiable as a clear artefact type, however its shape and the presence of casting seams or ridges show that it was a deliberately cast object. Although not diagnostic, a prehistoric date is at least possible.



This assemblage was found by the same finder and in the same location as the Tendring Hoard (2015 T590) and is arguably part of the same hoard of material. The 2015 T590 assemblage included complete and incomplete socketed axes, as well as sword fragments and ingots, therefore the character of the collection described above is similar to the original assemblage discovered. Although this assemblage does not include some of the identifiable socketed axe types which the main hoard did (notably the Yorkshire Type axeheads), the fragmented axes and the broken probable South-Eastern type (No.4), are comparable to a large group of fragmented axes found in T90. The report for 2015 T590 concludes that the hoard belongs to the Later Bronze Age, and the later part of the Ewart Park Phase (c.950-800 BC), although it was noted that the presence of later artefacts within the original assemblage suggested it dated from the transitional period between the Bronze and Iron Age.



References:



Burgess, C. B., & Colquhoun, I. (1988). The swords of Britain. Prähistorische Bronzefunde IV, 5.



Schmidt, P. and Burgess, C. (1981) The axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prahistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung (PBF) IX, 7.



Author:



Lucy Cummings, Ph.D Candidate, University of Newcastle, & Volunteer for the British Museum, 11th July 2017



Checked and amended



Neil Wilkin, Curator, The British Museum



----------------------------------



List of artefacts from Elisha Mason and Paul Seeley



Date: 950-800BC



1. A fragment from a sword blade dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (950-750BC). The object is roughly rectangular in shape, and is 6.83mm thick in the centre, tapering to 2.80mm thick at the edges. It has a mid-dark green patina.



Length: 65.43mm



Width: 32.42mm



Weight: 64.13g



2. Copper Ingot Fragment



Length: 47.82mm



Width: 25.55mm



Weight: 47.95g



3. Copper Ingot Fragment



Length: 24.07mm



Width: 17.98mm



Weight: 19.48g



4. A South-Eastern socketed axe fragment. The object is squared and undecorated. The integrally cast loop is still present, though the blade end and part of the socketed end no longer remain. It has a mid-dark green patina.



Length: 66.98mm



Width: 43.34mm



Thickness: 26.31mm



Weight: 116.98g



5. A socketed axe fragment consisting of the lower part of the body and blade. The axe socket and loop are missing.



Length: 67.20mm



Width: 39.29mm



Thickness: 19.65mm



Weight: 115.73g



6. A socketed axe fragment consisting of the lower part of the body and blade. The axe socket and loop are missing.



Length: 69.66mm



Width: 44.67mm



Thickness: 22.08mm



Weight: 136.06g



7. A socketed axe fragment. Only the middle section of the body remains; the blade end and the socketed end are lost. Traces of an integrally cast attachment loop are still present.



Length: 43.89mm



Width: 33.16mm



Thickness: 26.68mm



Weight: 85.13g



8. A socketed axe fragment. A small fragment from one side of the body of the axe, with no blade end or socketed end present.



Length: 28.54mm



Width: 28.50mm



Thickness: 4.38mm



Weight: 16.17g



9. An axe blade fragment. Only the blade end remains; the socket, loop, and most of the body are missing. The object is roughly square in shape.



Length: 38.80mm



Width: 43.79mm



Thickness: 10.01mm



Weight: 55.11g



10. An axe blade fragment. Only the blade end remains; the socket, loop, and most of the body are missing. The object is roughly rectangular in shape.



Length: 34.08mm



Width: 45.75mm



Thickness: 9.52mm



Weight: 53.19g



11. An unidentifiable object which potentially does not date to the Bronze Age. It is roughly rectangular in shape with rounded ends.



Length: 38.01mm



Width: 14.81mm



Thickness: 10.53mm



Weight: 22.49g



Discussion: The hoard appears to date to the Ewart Park Phase of the Late Bronze Age (950 BC-800 BC), and due to the nature of the material is likely to be a scrap metal deposit. As more than one prehistoric base metal object was found in association with one another, based on material and date they constitute a hoard under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996-2002 Treasure designation order. They therefore will qualify as Treasure.","Due to the association of the objects (Nos. 1-11) as a discrete group and because they belonged as part of a larger hoard (addenda to 2015 T590), they qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).",3,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2016T923,,,,,,,11,Elisha Mason,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,Tendring,TM1323,,51.86489992,1.09222569,ESS-D132C4,,2016T923a.jpg,Sword fragment,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2016T923a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1028285.jpg
840547,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1875,-1725,"A complete flat axehead with a crescentic blade, of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 1875 BC to c. 1725 BC).



The axehead has a rectangular shape, with a crescentic blade. In profile, it is of a lentoid (pointed oval), with tapering edges. The butt is almost square. The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt, to a proto stop ridge, and then taper down to the blade. The edges of the axe have not been raised to form flanges; however a slight median bevel (proto stop ridge) is present on both faces of the axe. This has been formed from hammering and small oval shaped (dished) scars can be seen on both faces where the metal has been worked to form them. The ridge itself is not especially prominent, just forming a change of angle between the face of the butt and the face of the blade.



From the blade to the proto stop ridge, decoration, in the series of parallel linear lentoid lozenges. This form of decoration is known as rain-pattern and is common on the later decorated examples of the Migdale tradition. The decoration is best observed under a raking light. The side edges of the axe have an almost rope pattern, with two raised areas, suggestive of twisted rope. Beneath the rain pattern decoration the sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through abrasion, as has the blade edge itself. No blade facet is present.



The axehead measures 155.1 mm in length, 92.9 mm wide (blade), 28.1 mm wide (butt), 2.2 mm thick (butt), 12.4 mm thick (stop ridge), 2.0 mm thick (blade). It weighs 425.9 g.



XRF surface analysis was carried out at Birmingham Museum Conservation Laboratory using a tabletop MIstral XRF machine.






Element (conc. %)

			
Body

			
Edge

		


Silver (Ag)

			
0.00

			
0.00

		


Gold (Au)

			
0.00

			
0.00

		


Copper (Cu)

			
38.77

			
81.58

		


Iron (Fe)

			
21.06

			
0.99

		


Zinc (Zn)

			
0.00

			
0.00

		


Mercury (Hg)

			
0.00

			
0.00

		


Lead (Pb)

			
1.64

			
0.95

		


Tin (Sn)

			
38.53

			
16.48

		



Flat axes decorated with this 'rain pattern' and with crescentic blades can be found during the Willerby metalwork phase, dating from c.1875-1725 BC(Roberts et al, 2013, 23, fig.2.2) of the Early Bronze Age, such as the Class 4 axe illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 125, fig.26, no.53).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) also illustrate developed flat axes with crecentic bades and similar 'rain-pattern' decoration from Ryal and Keighley in plates 28-29, nos.329 & 340, which are classified, respectively, as a Type Falkland developed flat axe, which is compared to an axe from Mount Pleasant in Dorset, dated to c.1900 BC, and a Type Scrabo Hill which is associated with similar axes in the Willerby Wold hoards from East Yorkshire, illustrated in plate 134, nos.D1 & D4.



Several similar flat axeheads have been recorded on the PAS database. They include: CORN-5F6661; DENO-4F12EB; SWYOR-F748BE; SWYOR-6D80EC; and WMID-798FF7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-07-31T23:00:00Z,2016-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,425.9,,,12.4,155.1,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Fradley and Streethay,SK1514,From finder,52.72344322,-1.77934858,WMID-2260B2,,wmid2260b2.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Complete decorated Flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/wmid2260b2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/609854.jpg
840574,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy Bronze Age chisel, the artefact may be a leatherworking tool because of the bevelled cutting edge.



The chisel measures 64.56mm long. It is divided into two parts by a transverse rib. One part, the longer, at 34.30mm, is a rectangular sectioned tool measuring 4.76mm x 3.87mm in section below the rib and tapering to a gouge at the end which is S shaped in cross section. The other part of the implement is also square in section, 28.04mm in length. It measures 4.44mm x 4.05mm in section and tapers more sharply than on the other side, terminating in a narrow point. 



The overall length is 64.56mm and the width (across the rib) is 10.28mm The object weighs 5.61g. 



It has smooth mid green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,64.56,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,,Somerset,South Somerset,Barwick,ST5614,,50.92376814,-2.62738266,WILT-232C22,,WILT232C22.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT232C22.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/612681.jpg
840734,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A very small copper alloy double side-looped socketed spearhead of the Middle Bronze Age, c 1500-1150 BC. There is damage to the socket and spear edges. The blade is 16.0mm wide, the other measurements are shown below. Side-looped spearheads are Class IV and date from the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, about 1500-1150 BC.Edit



Although the size of this object suggests a votive use, this is not the case. Other examples of small spearheads are known including GLO-F69302, LANCUM-B72611, LANCUM-0433B7 and SWYOR-3D024E on this database.",Rally Record Orange 264,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-13T00:00:00Z,,,"Metal Detectives at Aston, Oxon",,,,,70,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,"Aston, Cote, Shifford and Chimney",SP3302,From a paper map,51.71576402,-1.52373669,BERK-35A5EB,,264.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/264.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/609770.jpg
840747,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"A fragment of a Bronze Age sword or dagger blade, 1150-700BC. The object is a sub-rectangular fragment of copper alloy, with a straight, horizontal break or cut at both the top and bottom ends. There is a broad, convex-surfaced mid-rib on either face, flanked by a pair of vertical grooves. Either side of this mid-rib the thickness gradually tapers towards the cutting edge. The blade is broken at either end. The breaks are well patinated and indicate that it was broken in antiquity.

Date: Late Bronze Age - c. 1150 - 700 BC. In this database is similar to DOR-B4D511.



Length: 33.61 mm

Width: 34.03 mm

Thickness: 8.48 mm

Weight: 32 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32,,,8.48,33.61,1,Pier Paolo Soro,Pier Paolo Soro,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Warningcamp,TQ0406,From finder,50.84418717,-0.52419768,SUSS-364E60,,SwordSUSS364E60.jpg,"A fragment of a Bronze Age sword or dagger blade, 1150-700BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/SwordSUSS364E60.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/611652.jpg
840858,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"
The tip of an incomplete cast copper alloy axe blade of probable Middle to Late Bronze Age date. The fragment is worn and it is not possible to ascertain what type of axe this came from.
",Rally Record Orange 275A,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-12-13T00:00:00Z,,,"Metal Detectives at Aston, Oxon",,,,,13,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,"Aston, Cote, Shifford and Chimney",SP3302,From a paper map,51.71576402,-1.52373669,BERK-39BFEB,,275A.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/275A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/609930.jpg
840917,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A fragment of the rim of the socket, probably from a Bronze Age socketed axe. The rim has an out-turned collar but with no accompanying ridge.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-09T00:00:00Z,,,,6.37,,,5.75,19.09,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Upton Grey,SU7049,GPS (from the finder),51.23589838,-0.99872505,SUR-3B92BA,,B17363.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17363.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619574.jpg
841114,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An almost complete cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age rapier. The butt is incomplete and damaged which makes the original shape difficult to determine. Two C-shaped incomplete rivet holes or notches lie in the upper part of the butt, which is where the handle would have been attached. The notches are spaced approximately 24.82 mm apart. Slight shadow (shallowing of the metal) of the handle is visible just under the rivet holes extending centrally to the top of the break.

This widest point (49.52 mm) is at the shoulders. The blade extends c. 290 mm from the base of the butt and is approximately 30.61 mm wide at the very top, and narrows to 25.20 mm for much of the length of the blade, gradually narrowing further towards the tip of the blade (7.02 mm). The edge of the blade is damaged in several areas where small notches are missing. On either edge of the blade approximately 54.31 mm from the tip of the blade is a V-shaped notch (one is slightly more pronounced than the other and they are not quite parallel). These look intentional but may of course be damage.

Below the shoulder and extending into the blade, the edge is curved. This is apparent to one edge only as the other is badly disfigured with irregular notches, possibly the result of corrosion as there are large spots or pits close to the edge, presumably corrosion.

A central, clearly defined mid rib extends the length of the blade to the uppermost part of the butt and is slightly more pronounced on one face. The blade lozengiform in cross section.

The surfaces have a dark patina, though one face is very smooth and shows a golden-brown original surface colour. Both faces show heavy pitting along the entire surface of the object.

The total length of the object is 335 mm. The thickness varies along the blade from 6.85 mm towards the top, to 1.43 mm at the tip. It weighs 182 g (to the nearest 2 g).

The rapier has some similarities in terms of dimensions, possible butt shape and rivet hole placement to Burgess and Gerloffs's (1981) Group IV - Type Cloontia (or Group IV: Miscellaneous weapons with archaic butts).",,4,Copper alloy,,Part of an extant museum collection,Building work,1955-01-01T00:00:00Z,1956-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,182,,,6.85,335,1,Therese Kearns,Therese Kearns,South East,City of Southampton,City of Southampton,Bargate,SU4211,Generated from computer mapping software,50.8969587,-1.40415788,HAMP-4E8C83,,HAMP4E8C83.jpg,,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP4E8C83.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/610326.jpg
841748,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"Twelve fragments of probable Bronze Age ingots.All may be from plano-convex ingots. The weights are 69.0g, 57.14g, 35.35g, 39.63g, 34.28g, 33.71g, 29.55g, 14.21g, 22.86g, 11.05g, 6.35g and 13.79g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,12,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Odiham,SU7451,GPS (from the finder),51.25337507,-0.94102778,SUR-8E55A7,,17480.jpg,Bronze Age: Ingot fragments,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17480.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619325.jpg
842016,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Very late Bronze Age Hoard consisting of one gold bracelet, three gold penannular lock-rings and a cauldron fragment all found together in one find spot. The bracelet and two of the lock rings are stained possibly from an organic residue either from the soil or items placed with them. The lock-rings are all made from gold sheet face plates that are bi-conical in form and triangular in section with central tubes and side plates formed from the same sheet and secured by a binding strip of round sectioned gold wire fused to the plate join to form an outer rim-binding to the rim. The face plates are all decorated with fine, narrow and concentric ring furrows incised into the surfaces and parallel with the circular edges of the face plates imitating fine wire works. Two of the lock-rings only differ by 1cm in width and 0.1 gram in weight indicting that they are a pair The third smaller lockring is singular however the similar form indicates the same craftsman or at least a the same workshop. The gold bracelet and smaller lock-ring are stained with what could be corrosion products but appears more like organic residue possibly from something in the soil or organic substances included at the time of deposition.



Gold penannular bracelet with a lonzenge-shaped profile, no decoration and flattened slightly expanded to form plain circular terminals.The diameter is 68mm the width is 68mm thickness 6mm, 8mm at the terminals and the weight 66.15g. It shares similarities with a bracelet from Beachy Head in East Sussex  in the British Museum collection number 1824,K/Armilla.18.



Lockring 1. Gold lock-ring with a diameter of 34mm the width is 34mm thickness 11mm and the weight 8.24g. The ring is penannular, circular in shape, with a three dimensional and biconical shape and a triangular shaped cross-section. Two circular and decorated face-plates join at the external circumference. A circular-sectioned wire appears to have been fused to the plate join to form an outer rim-binding. The lock-ring plates are both decorated with narrow and concentric ring furrows incised into the surfaces and parallel with the circular edges of the face plates.



A central circular opening to the ring - probably once approximately 15mm in diameter - is lined by a third sheet. In effect, this creates an interior but discontinuous tube, with a gap in the vertical plane for the terminal aperture. The top and bottom margins of the tube were folded over the interior rim of the two face plates, giving the ring some structural cohesion. It would appear that the triangular end faces at the terminals were once integral extensions to the interior tube.



The face plates of the lock-ring are slightly creased and misshapen and at one point of tight creasing in the interior tube there is a small tear in the sheet and the concentric circle decoration is damaged through surface scarring. The gold has a deep yellow colour, consistent with additions of small proportions of copper to the alloy.



Lockring 2. Gold lock-ring with a diameter of 34mm the width is 34mm thickness 10mm and the weight 8.34g. The ring is penannular, circular in shape, with a three dimensional and biconical shape and a triangular shaped cross-section. Two circular and decorated face-plates join at the external circumference. A circular-sectioned wire appears to have been fused to the plate join to form an outer rim-binding. The lock-ring plates are both decorated with narrow and concentric ring furrows incised into the surfaces and parallel with the circular edges of the face plates.



The face plates of the lock-ring are slightly creased and misshapen especially at one point of tight creasing in the interior tube and the concentric circle decoration is damaged through surface scarring. The gold has a deep yellow colour, consistent with additions of small proportions of copper to the alloy.



Lockring 3. Gold lock-ring with a diameter of 27mm the width is 27mm thickness 10mm and the weight 4.40g. The ring is penannular, circular in shape, with a three dimensional and biconical shape and a triangular shaped cross-section. Two circular and decorated face-plates join at the external circumference. A circular-sectioned wire appears to have been fused to the plate join to form an outer rim-binding. The lock-ring plates are both decorated with narrow and concentric ring furrows incised into the surfaces and parallel with the circular edges of the face plates.



The face plates of the lock-ring are slightly stained from a residue on the surface that could be corrosion but appears to be more like organic residue. The gold has a deep yellow colour, consistent with additions of small proportions of copper to the alloy.



Cauldron fragment. The length is 27mm, the width is 31mm thickness 15mm and the weight 31.33g.



Lockrings are normally found in pairs leading to theories of their use as ear rings or for hair decoration. Although this find is unusual in that there are three however it is extremely likely that two are indeed a pair. It is still not clearly known what the purpose of these objects are however it does seem likely that they are indeed some form or ornamentation probably jewellery. They are usually buried in isolated high places and often in or near hillforts and other prehistoric features such as stone circles such as these were. Investigation of the find spot has revealed that they appear to have been laid in a small hollow in silty clay sub-soil or directly on the prehistoric land surface in two small channels in the limestone bed rock and covered over with stones. The bracelet appears to be a part of the deposition as does the copper alloy cauldron fragment although this could have been residual in the soil. However it's direct proximity to the other objects means that is has to be and should be included in the hoard assemblage.



Discussion



Lockrings are a distinct class of personal ornament belonging to the Late Bronze Age (Eogan 1969; 1983; 1994; Taylor 1980; Lynch 1991; Northover 1995; Gwilt et al 2005; Needham et al 2007).The artefacts associated with similar lock-rings in hoards across Britain, Ireland and France indicate a secure dating to the Ewart Park phase (Dowris phase in Ireland) of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800BC) (Eogan 1969, 106-7, 130-46; Cowie et al 1991; Northover 1995, 525-9; Needham et al 2008, 43). Recently, a radiocarbon date has been obtained from a sample directly associated with a large hoard of bronze artefacts and six gold lock-rings from near Berwick upon Tweed, Northumberland. The sample of wood, surviving within the haft of a socketed axe, provided a date of 2771+-26BP, calibrating to 1000-840BC at 2 sigma (Needham et al 2007, 400; 2008, 43), confirming the above attribution.



The intricate technique and quality of workmanship indicated in the making of lock-rings has long been commented upon, despite their small size (e.g. Eogan 1969, 93). Their precise function as personal ornaments remains uncertain (e.g. Taylor 1980, 68-9). For some, they are interpreted as ear-rings (e.g. Armstrong 1917, 29; Savory 1958, 14), the frequency of their occurrence in pairs being used as supporting evidence. Many would now see them instead as used for gathering the hair, hence their name lock-rings (Raftery 1967; Eogan 1969, 95-6; Lynch 1991, 239-41). What is generally agreed is that they denoted wealth and high-status within Late Bronze Age society. In Britain, the find-spots currently concentrate in three zones: firstly, south-western Ireland; secondly, north and west Wales, Northern England and Southern Scotland and thirdly, East Anglia and south eastern England (Eogan 1969, 97, Fig. 2; 1994, 100, Fig. 41). Their absence to date in the Midlands, mid and south Wales and south western England, with the single exception of one example from Somerset is marked and probably significant.



Gold or gold-on-base-metal rings and penannular rings are characteristic finds of the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC); they could have been used as hair-rings or earrings and are often found in pairs. The distribution of lock-rings shows a North British Group, a South British group, and a French group (Eogan 1969). The suggested date for this example is Late Bronze Age c.1150-800 BC. Similar penannular rings have been reported under the Treasure Act, for example 2014 T193 (ESS-C0C162) and 2012 T832 (SUSS-C65251).



There are currently six lockrings in the British Museum collections. These new examples are very similar to one from Portfield Camp, near Whalley in Lancashire even to the binding strip consisting of a solid round sectioned wire. Museum Number 1966, 1208:1.



They are also very similar to two discovered at Rossett in Wales in 2013 (LVPL-5DFE32) and semi-quantitative surface analysis of the gold was undertaken using a Bruker TRACeR III-SD hand-held X-ray fluorescent spectrometer (HHXRF) with a rhodium tube, and a titanium/aluminium filter. Several readings were taken at 40 kV and 9.6mA for 100 live seconds and quantified with the use of empirical calibrations. The average composition of the gold in freshly exposed and damaged areas was:- Gold 80-81%; silver 14%; copper 5%.The copper and silver contents matched with gold compositions from other Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts in Ireland and Wales, although the copper content is towards the lower end of the expected range for Late Bronze Age gold (e.g. Hartmann 1980, 158, Figs .12 & 36; Davis 2005, 36 & Fig. 4).



References



Armstrong, E.C.R. 1917 The Great Clare Find of 1854, Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 47, 21-36.



Cowie, T., O'Connor, B. & Proudfoot, E. 1991 A Late Bronze Age Hoard from St Andrews, Fife, Scotland: a preliminary report, In C. Chevillot & A. Coffyn (eds.), L'Age de Bronze Atlantique; Ses faciès, de l'Ecosse a L'Andalusie et leurs relations avec le Bronze Continental et la Méditerranée, Beynac-et Cazenac: L'Association des Musées du Sarladais, 49-58.



Davis, M. 2005 Metallurgical Analysis of the Gold Bracelet Fragments, In Gwilt, A. et al 2005, 34-6.



Eogan, G. 1969 'Lock-Rings' of the Late Bronze Age, Proceedings of the Royal Iris Academy 67, 93-148.



Eogan, G. 1983 Hoards of the Irish Later Bronze Age, Dublin: University College, Dublin.



Eogan, G. 1994 The Accomplished Art; Gold and Gold-working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c.2300-650BC), Oxbow Monograph 42, Oxford: Oxbow Books.



Gwilt, A. 2006 5666 National Museum Cardiff; The Burton Hoard, 2005 Review, London: The Art Fund, 141.



Hartmann, A. 1980 Appendix 3; Analyses by A. Hartmann of British Prehistoric Gold and some British Ores, In J.J. Taylor, Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 138-85.



Gwilt, A., Kucharski, K. Silvester, R. & Davis, M. 2005 A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevaly Farm, Rossett, Wrexham; with some observations on hoarding practice and gold bracelet weights, Studia Celtica 34, 27-61.



Hartmann, A. 1980 Appendix 3; Analyses by A. Hartmann of British Prehistoric Gold and some British Ores, In J.J. Taylor, Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 138-85.



La Niece, S. and Cartwright, C.R., 2009: Bronze Age gold lock-rings with cores of wax and wood, in eds. Kienlin, T. and Roberts, B., Metals and Societies, Studies in honour of Barbara S. Ottaway, Verlag Dr Rudolf Habelt, Bonn: 307-312.



Lynch, F. 1991 Prehistoric Anglesey; The Archaeology of the Island to the Roman Conquest, Llangefni: The Anglesey Antiquarian Society, 2nd edition.



Needham, S., Varndell, G. & Worrell, S. 2007 A Late Bronze Age Hoard of Gold and Bronze from near Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, In C. Burgess, P. Topping & F. Lynch (eds.), Beyond Stonehenge; Essays on the Bronze Age in Honour of Colin Burgess, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 397-402.



Needham, S. Worrell, S. & Varndell, G. 2008 64. Berwick-upon-Tweed area, Northumberland: Late Bronze Age goldand base metal hoard (2005 T120), Treasure Annual Report 2005/6, London: Department of Culture, Media and Sport, 41-4, 293-4 & Figs. 64-1-3.



Northover, J.P. 1995 Bronze Age Gold in Britain, In G. Morteani & J. P. Northover (eds.), Prehistoric Gold in Europe; Mines, Metallurgy and Manufacture, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 515-31.



Raftery, J. 1967 The Gorteenreagh Hoard, In E. Rynne (ed.), North Munster Studies: Essays in commemoration of Monsignor Miehael Moloney, Limerick, 61-71.



Savory, H.N. 1958 The Late Bronze Age in Wales: Some New Discoveries and New Interpretations, Archaeologia Cambrensis 107, 3-63.



Taylor, J.J. 1980 Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.



Notes:



Due to these objects being of prehistoric, Bronze Age date, and four of the objects being gold they qualify as treasure under the stipulations of The Treasure Act 1996.","Due to these objects being of prehistoric, Bronze Age date, and four of the objects being gold they qualify as treasure under the stipulations of The Treasure Act 1996.",4,Gold,Copper alloy,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2017-04-14T23:00:00Z,2017-04-14T23:00:00Z,2017T352,,,,,,,5,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Cumbria,South Lakeland,Urswick,SD2775,From finder,54.16558797,-3.11958929,LANCUM-C98FBF,,LANCUMC98FBF.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMC98FBF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/611442.jpg
842019,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An incomplete copper alloy (bronze) copper-alloy Primary / Early phase Group III palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating (1500-1300 BC).



The object has a single midrib visible on both faces, a slight shield shaped pattern below the stop ridge and raised flange facets. The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan, with convex expanding sides, and a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is damaged, but appears to be symmetrical. The cutting edge measures 64.2 mm in width and is 3.0 mm thick.



In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. It measures 31.2 mm in width and 27.7 mm thick at the stop ridge.



Beneath the stop-ridge, on each face of the palstave, is a narrow concave depression, which is bordered by raised ridges. This is broadly sub-rectangular (U-shaped) and is usually described as shield shaped. It is visible on both sides, however it is obscured slightly on one face due to a casting flaw, an air bubble, being present. The shield measures 26.4 mm in width and 25.8 mm in length on the clearer face. Through this shield descends a vertical rib that extends to the mid point on the upper blade forming a trident like pattern.



The palstave has a U-shaped septum and straight-sided open flanges for hafting. The flanges are incomplete. At the stop ridge on one face the flange measures 11.7 mm in depth. The butt of the object is incomplete and measures 24.2 mm in width and 5.2 thick. No side loop is present.



Overall the palstave measures 169 mm in length, a maximum width of 64.2 mm, and a maximum thickness of 31.4 mm. It weighs 440.6 g.



The palstave is a mid green to brown colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.



Surface XRF analysis was carried out at Birmingham Museum Conservation Laboratory using a tabletop Mistral XRF machine. The results are below:






Site

			
Silver (Ag)

			
Gold (Au)

			
Copper (Cu)

			
Iron (Fe)

			
Zinc (Zn)

			
Mercury (Hg)

			
Lead (Pb)

			
Tin (Sn)

		


Stop ridge

			
0.00

			
0.00

			
47.13

			
16.93

			
0.00

			
0.00

			
1.52

			
34.42

		


Stop ridge

			
0.05

			
0.00

			
39.58

			
14.26

			
0.00

			
0.00

			
1.77

			
44.35

		


Stop ridge

			
0.03

			
0.00

			
42.57

			
15.59

			
0.00

			
0.00

			
1.74

			
40.07

		



The palstave is an early example and is classified as a Group III type which has both a mid-rib and shield decoration forming a trident. These group of palstaves date to the Middle Bronze Age period, and can be narrowed down to 1500-1300 BC (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/axes). The axehead fits within Needham Period 5, Burgess Metalworking phase VIII and is likely to be part of the Acton Park II metalworking assemblage. This form is very common in the west midlands and marches' good parallels recorded on the PAS database can be seen from Wentnor, Shropshire (HESH-C253E1) and Myddle, Shropshire (HESH-174823)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,440.6,,,31.4,169,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Brewood and Coven,SJ8510,From finder,52.68747867,-2.22334358,WMID-C9BDED,,wmidc9bded.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete shield patterned palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/wmidc9bded.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/610850.jpg
842213,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1500,"A small cast copper alloy Early Bronze Age developed flat axehead, probably dating to between 2200 -1500 BC. The axehead has a narrow round-ended damaged butt, which widens into a sub-triangular axehead in plan, with very worn dual-facetted flanges. The blade-end is wide and convex, but not crescentic with pointed ends, like other types from the same period. The blade-end has a pointed oval cross-section, whereas the body of the blade is facetted, creating an elongated hexagonal cross-section; the butt is sub-rectangular in cross-section. The axehead has an overall dark green patina. No regular decoration is visible. Parallels for the form can be found in Schmidt & Burgess's Developed Flat Axe series (1981, 59-68).



The axehead measures 67.8mm long, 15.7mm wide (at butt-end), 31.4mm wide (at blade-end), 2.8mm thick (at butt-end), 2mm thick (at blade-end),9.4mm thick (at centre); weight: 63.79 grams.



A similar axehead is recorded on the PAS data base: SUSS-4D7454.","Reference: Schmidt, P., and Burgess, C. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Munchen: C. H. Beck'sche, Verlagsbuchandlung",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-04T00:00:00Z,2017-03-04T00:00:00Z,,,63.79,,,9.4,67.8,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Rudgwick,TQ0131,GPS (from the finder),51.06945493,-0.55986411,SUSS-DF9F05,,AxeSUSSDF9F05.jpg,"A small cast copper alloy Early Bronze Age developed flat axehead, probably dating to between 2200 -1500 BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/AxeSUSSDF9F05.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/635535.jpg
842323,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1500,Very small Early Bronze Age flat axehead. Both faces are badly pockmarked with many pocks being quite recent. There has been some recent damage to the cutting edge. Perhaps used a chisel and far too small to have functioned as a axe (see discussion under LANCUM-B28EB0 and LANCUM-8ADC2F). Length 61mm. Width 22.2mm. Thickness 5.3mm. Weight 27.31mm. c.2000 - c.1500 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-16T00:00:00Z,2017-03-15T00:00:00Z,,,27.31,,,5.3,61,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Tharston and Hapton,TM1894,From finder,52.50030155,1.21033622,NMS-E42ECB,,61815_E42ECB_EBA_FlatAxehead_ILL.jpg,Very small Early Bronze Age flat axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61815_E42ECB_EBA_FlatAxehead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156108.jpg
842673,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A copper alloy leaf-shaped side-looped spearhead from the Taunton Phase of the Middle Bronze Age c. 1400-1250 BC. The blade is flat with channelled grooves on the face where the stem rib meets the blade. The mid-rib is rounded and joins a broad circular sectioned socket, which has an outer inset bevel at the socket mouth. The loops are small and squat and are lozenge shape. The loops are undrilled - they are solid rather than hollow. A smaller spearhead but with an almost identical 'loops' was found in AD 1871 in Fyfield, only a couple of kilometers from this example, and is now in the Ashmolean (accession number Ash.M 1927.2706). A small number of similar spearheads with undrilled loops have recently been recorded from across Oxfordshire; from from Cherwell (BERK-D20304), Bampton (BERK-44F126) and Wendlebury (OXON-838037).



With a smooth dark green patina, there is no evidence of this item having been used. The edges are still sharp and there is no indication of wear. The socket diameter is 21.48mm. with an internal diameter of 18.0mm.



Ref: The Organisation of Middle Bronze Age metalworking by M.J. Rowlands, BAR (British Archaeological Reports) 31(i) 1976. Part i: Discussion - p 51-52. Part ii: Catalogue and Plates - closest example is in Plate 37 no. 1330 - Davis R. Object Data sheet No.5  A Short Guide to Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads, Group 6.","

	
 


",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,109.3,,21.49,,133.26,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From finder,51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-5BCE29,,BERK5BCE29.jpg,Mid-BA Soearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERK5BCE29.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/611341.jpg
842726,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A Late Bronze Age gold, lock-ring, 1000-750 BC. The ring is a Late Bronze Age example that has a triangular cross section. It is hollow and was constructed around a now lost organic core (possibly wood or wax: see La Niece and Cartwright 2009). The ring has flat terminals and is decorated on both outer facing surfaces with incised striations. These decorative lines are set at angles to one another in a triangular pattern.



Dimensions:

Width: 4.55 mm

Thickness: 5.56 mm

Weight: 2.97 g

Diameter: 20.65 mm



Discussion:



Lock-rings are Late Bronze Age ornaments made from gold plates, secured together by a binding strips to create a hollow and incomplete ring. The three gold plates, technically termed face plates, are sometimes decorated with repoussé decoration or with fine concentric incised lines imitating fine wire work. More infrequently, lock-rings are made from face plates formed or constructed from individual gold wires fused together or from striped twisted gold wires soldered together (Murgia et al. 2014). The Hambledon lock-ring is an example of solid face plates decorated with incised decoration. These are relatively rare. Eogan (1969) recorded only three examples (Ibid., fig.4, nos. 39-40, 43) and only two of these (both found between Haverhill and Saffron Walden in Essex) carry decoration that closely resembles the Hambledon find: interlocking chevrons.



A similar example of a triangular cross sectioned lock-ring can be found in ESS-5ECCA2 as well as three examples from LANCUM-C98FBF and two from LVPL-5DFE32.



Lock-rings are known across Britain, Ireland and North-West France (see Eogan 1994, fig. 41). The find is therefore consistent with the known distribution pattern.","As this object is more than 10% precious metal and is probably over 300 years old, The ring will fall under the Treasure Act of 1996.",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2017T349,,2.97,,20.65,5.56,,1,Edwin Wood,Edwin Wood,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Hambledon,SU6616,GPS (from the finder),50.93967503,-1.06203026,SUSS-5EA230,,PenRingSUSS5EA230.jpg,"A bronze Age gold, penannular ring",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/PenRingSUSS5EA230.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/613065.jpg
842734,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Gold, Bronze age, penannular ring, 1150-750 BC. This is a copper alloy core that has been gold coated, such as NMS-183C7E. One of the terminals has been damaged and the copper alloy core exposed. The ring is circular in section with flat opposed terminals. The ring has a tiger striped colouration around the inside of the internal diameter. This is a patination found on other examples such as HAMP-C18814 and SUSS-EA6735.



These rings are often erroneously referred to as 'ring money' though there is no evidence to suggest that they were used as currency. They are predominantly believed to have been used for personal adornment, such as earrings or nose rings, they have even been suggested as hair ornaments. A complete example can be found in HAMP-0F9AF6 and there are numerous others recorded on the database, some found as part of hoards.



Work on these rings can be found in (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008), See NMGW-04216C for full references.



.",,4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2017T350,,10.87,,20.5,7.04,,1,Edwin Wood,Edwin Wood,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Hambledon,SU6616,GPS (from the finder),50.93967503,-1.06203026,SUSS-5EF5C1,,PenRingSUSS5EF5C1.jpg,"A bronze Age gold, penannular ring.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/PenRingSUSS5EF5C1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/613066.jpg
843027,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy possible axe head fragment. Fragment from the cutting edge of a copper alloy axe; what remains has a straight edge with broken corners and a marked V section. Polished by wear or use. This is most likely to come from towards one side of the blade, as the midpart of a socketed axe blade would usually exhibit marked curvature. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800 BC.



Length: 10.6mm, Height: 25.3mm, Thickness: 4.1mm, Weight: 3.57gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,,3.57,25.3,,4.1,10.6,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9115,Centred on field,53.62363868,-0.62559342,NLM-76AC30,,NLM35823.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM35823.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/611775.jpg
843289,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy sword fragment. A short fragment from a leaf-shaped sword blade of lentoid section with faint grooves on either side running parallel to the two cutting edges. The edges converge, suggesting this fragment to come from near the mid-part of the blade. The development of swords designed for a slashing action is attributed to the later Bronze Age. The broken edge at one end of the fragment is worn [bottom], but the opposite edge [top] is rough and may suggest a larger sword fragment has been further fragmented in recent times. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800 BC.



Length: 26.1mm, Width: 38.1mm, Thickness: 5.9mm, Weight: 28.65gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,,28.65,,,5.9,26.1,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9015,GPS (from the finder),53.62381127,-0.64070829,NLM-8C6C44,,NLM35844.jpg,Bronze Age Sword fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM35844.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/611989.jpg
843574,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"
A Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe blade; the lower part of the socket is present. The object is worn and very little of the original surface survives.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,51.35,,,11.61,26.88,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Offley,TL1225,GPS (from the finder),51.91228056,-0.37313276,SUR-A0ED1D,,17527.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17527.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615168.jpg
843580,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,A large fragment of a small Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe with thin walls. The section through the axe is almost oval. The remaining depth of the socket is 37mm. The axe is worn and pitted with no original surfaces surviving.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,30.57,,,16.07,51.6,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Offley,TL1125,GPS (from the finder),51.91248053,-0.38766468,SUR-A10178,,17528.JPG,Bronze Age: Socketed axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17528.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615244.jpg
843582,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-900,"
The butt end of a Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave axe. The beginnings of the side wings survive, giving an H-section at the break.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,64,,,15.41,42.79,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Offley,TL1224,GPS (from the finder),51.90329335,-0.37345746,SUR-A10D3B,,17529.JPG,Bronze Age: Palstave axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17529.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615246.jpg
843583,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,43,"A Bronze Age to Iron Age copper-alloy awl, 59mm long. The awl is square in section across the centre. One end is circular in section, the opposite end is flattened.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,3.52,,,,58.71,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Offley,TL1225,GPS (from the finder),51.91228056,-0.37313276,SUR-A11959,,17530.jpg,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17530.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615275.jpg
843837,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy loopless palstave, no stop ridge, deep flanges, with surface patination surviving between them on one face, elsewhere corroded and pitted, one outer angle of blade missing. Length 127mm. Extant width of blade 56mm. Thickness of body, 14mm, at flanges 30mm. Weight 343g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-28T00:00:00Z,2017-03-28T23:00:00Z,,,343,,,30,127,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,North Tuddenham,TG0312,From finder,52.66768186,1.00070745,NMS-DBEEA3,,59756_DBEEA3_MBA_Palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/59756_DBEEA3_MBA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129616.jpg
844078,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"An incomplete developed flat axe with hammer raised flanges, of later Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2000 BC to c. 1700 BC).



The axehead is broadly rectangular, with an expanded crescent shaped blade. The butt is narrow and rounded and measures 14.2 mm in width and is 2.7 mm thick. In profile the axe is a sub pointed oval with both terminals tapering. In section the axe is slightly H-shaped as the side edges of the axe have been worked to form a slight raised collar rather than cast flanges. The flanges extend 1.0 mm above the body of the axe head. The expanded blade measures 23.8 mm in width and is 2.5 mm thick.



The axehead measures 52.5 mm in length, maximum width of 23.7 mm (blade), minimum width 14.2 (butt), width 17.4 mm (centre). It is 2.7 mm thick at the blade, 2.7 mm thick at the butt, and 8.0 mm thick at the central point. It weighs 35.6 g.



The axehead is a dark brown colour, with an even but pitted surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



This axehead is similar to those recorded on the PAS database as DOR-28154A and NMS-370DE4, consistent with that of the Arreton type axe, of Early Bronze Age III dating, metalworking stage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL BC.



Peter Reavill (FLO Herefordshire & Shropshire) commented on DOR-28154A that the Arreton type of long-flanged developed flat axes (cf Burgess and Schmidt: Axes of Northern Britain pp 65 - 75 specifically 420, 423and 413). Burgess and Schmidt suggest from their study that the distribution of this Arreton type concentrates in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Their work though looks directly at the axes of Scotland and Northern England.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,35.6,,,8,52.5,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Hamstall Ridware,SK1120,From finder,52.77747554,-1.83837298,WMID-F20D62,,flanged_axe_headcopy.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Incomplete flanged axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/flanged_axe_headcopy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/612353.jpg
844083,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-900,"Bronze Age copper alloy Palstave, 122mm in length, 57mm wide and 17mm thick with a weight of 125grams.



The object appears complete and consists of a rectangular butt end which is 20mm wide and 6mm thick and extends for 46mm. This has flanged sides, which emerge from the butt end and widen until the object is 17mm thick at the point that these turn to form a stop. From here the object narrows out in thickness and widens out into a triangular shaped blade with a slightly curved edge. At the tip it is 57mm wide and 4mm thick. Each edge of the blade has a slight rounded lip and there is a rounded 'rib' running from the centre, where it emerges from the 'stop' dispaearring into the blade surface near its tip.



The object is probably an unlooped mid rib palstave and is similar to e.g. 157 p. 105  in National Museum of Wales Bronze Age catalogue.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2017-04-03T23:00:00Z,,,125,,,17,122,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Frolesworth,SP5090,Centred on parish,52.50561189,-1.26479165,LEIC-F2263C,,LEICF2263C.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy Palstave,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEICF2263C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/612356.jpg
844112,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1100,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy Bronze Age axehead, dating to circa 1900-1100 BC. The remains consist of the blade and a small portion of the body of the axehead. There do not appear to be any traces of a socket, indicating that it is probably not a socketed axe from the later Bronze Age. The blade is slightly flared and crescent shaped, perhaps suggesting that the axehead is either a flanged or palstave type of middle Bronze Age date. The axehead has an abraded green/brown coloured patina. There are areas of active corrosion on the object.



The axehead measures 44.6 mm long, 29 mm wide at the blade, 7.3 mm thick and weighs 40.78 grams",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,2017-01-15T00:00:00Z,,,40.78,,,7.3,44.6,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Brandon and Bretford,SP4377,From a paper map,52.3893444,-1.36958355,WMID-F2E776,,WMIDF2E776.jpg,"Bronze Age Axehead frgment (front, reverse, upper and lower profile)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMIDF2E776.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/612378.jpg
844582,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1,"A Bronze Age to Iron Age copper-alloy awl measuring 46mm. The awl has one rectangular-sectioned end, one circular-sectioned end and a square-sectioned middle.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.41,,,,45.92,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Watlington,SU6993,GPS (from the finder),51.63158966,-1.00448728,SUR-0EB921,,B17465.jpg,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17465.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/620981.jpg
844739,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe. Extant length 25.5mm. Extant width 32.5mm. Weight 13.58g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-20T00:00:00Z,2017-04-04T23:00:00Z,,,13.58,,,,25.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Ketteringham,TG1402,From finder,52.57369438,1.15665321,NMS-1FFDB0,,61845_1FFDB0_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61845_1FFDB0_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156109.jpg
845196,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete and distorted probably Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl. One half of the length is sub-square in cross-section and tapers to a blunt end. The other is sub-circular and tapers to a point, which has split longitudinally with the loss of one half. The surface is dull overall. Length 122mm. Maximum width 7.2mm. Weight 21.41g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-01T23:00:00Z,2017-04-08T23:00:00Z,,,21.41,,,,122,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Pentney,TF7012,GPS (from the finder),52.67902751,0.51323487,NMS-8B1FEC,,23241_8B1FEC_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Incomplete probably Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/23241_8B1FEC_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154882.jpg
845596,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A complete copper alloy ring-or-quoit headed pin of probable Middle Bronze Age date. The pin has an open ring as its head, cast in one piece and slightly flatter in section than the shank at the juntion of both. There is no decoration on the pin head. The shank has a circular cross section and gently tapers to a sharp point; there is a slight bend towards the bottom of the shank.



Small undecorated pins, including quoit headed pins, are generally dated to the Taunton phase of the Middle Bronze Age, c.1500-1200 BC. However, the date for these smaller examples, which may be either decorated or undecorated, may be slightly earlier. About 50 examples are recorded and mostly restricted to southern England and East Anglia.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.8,,16.3,2.8,77.3,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU4096,From a paper map,51.66136563,-1.42310504,BERK-B33BF2,,2016878.jpg,Bronze Age pin: Ring headed pin,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2016878.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/613915.jpg
846060,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy rapier of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, c BC1400-800. The fragment consists of 46.41mm length of blade. It is damaged on both edges and there are early breaks at each end. It is 11.85mm in width at one end and 12.70mm at the other. The rapier blade is nearly flat in cross section (2.13mm thick) but there is some tapering towards the edges so it has a slightly elliptical cross section.



It weighs 6.25g. It has a dark green patina and a heavily pitted surface.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.25,,,,46.41,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Wimborne St. Giles,SU0018,,50.96142422,-2.00137282,WILT-048851,,WILT048851.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT048851.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618806.jpg
846101,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating to the period c.1500-1300 BC. The item consists of 33.55mm of the end of the socketed part designed to fit a wooden handle. This piece appears to have broken away at an early date and the extreme end, in particular, shows further damage with lumps missing from the surface on both sides which might be due to poor casting. The flanges are clearly present on both sides, ending just short of the palstave itself. At the break the central part is 8.64mm thick,the flanges extending the thickness to16.63mm.The width is 26.48mm at the break, tapering to 22.71mm at the far end.



It weighs 47.08g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,47.08,,,,33.55,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0224,,51.01537467,-1.97286376,WILT-06CDB3,,WILT06CDB3.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT06CDB3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619494.jpg
846348,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,,,"A copper alloy object of unknown date. The object is conical in shape, the base is circular, and broken in an irregular shape, one side projects further down. Inside the object is concave. The point of the cone is rounded. The object has a light green patina, and is 18.6mm in length, 14.9mm in width and 7.48g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-08T00:00:00Z,,,,7.48,,,,18.6,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Stagsden,SP9750,,52.13978973,-0.58404981,BUC-1B2C69,,BUC1B2C69.jpg,Unidentified object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC1B2C69.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615285.jpg
846378,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"An incomplete copper-alloy spearhead of middle Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 1000 BC. Only the tip of the spear remains which is triangular in plan and lozenge in section with mid-ribs. No socket is present. An insufficient portion of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed. The metal has a mid-green patina and is pitted and worn.The length is 43mm, the width is 12mm and the weight 7.96g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-10T00:00:00Z,2017-03-10T00:00:00Z,,,7.96,,,,43,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Leasingham,TF0748,From finder,53.01861265,-0.40636575,LANCUM-1C081A,,LANCUM1C081A.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM1C081A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/614059.jpg
846394,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A complete Early Bronze Age cast copper-alloy undecorated developed flat axe (c. 2000-1700 BC): This implement is sub-rectangular in plan with an expanded crescent shaped blade. The butt, in plan, is complete with a rounded terminal. The side profile of the axe is lentoid with both terminals tapering. In cross section the body of the axe has lentoid profile. The axe appears to be undecorated. The butt end of the axe has been hammered flat creating a proto-stop ridge. The blade tip flares outwards from the body forming a concave hollow. The blade appears to be symmetrical. There is an obvious cutting edge bevel towards the blade edge where it has been hammered for sharpening. The surface of the axe has a dark greenish-brown patina. The length is 104mm, the width of blade is 60mm, width of butt is 27mm, thickness 18mm and the weight 134.63g.



The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age (EBA III) of metalworking stage IV-V (more likely V) specifically within the developed flat axe tradition which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL.BC. This axe is very similar to a number of examples specifically from the type: Brandon. These are described by Burgess and Schmidt in Catalogue of the Axes in Northern Britain as: being ""notably smaller than other advanced flat axes, usually under 130mm length. They have straight parallel or near parallel sides which curve out suddenly just above the blade to a widely expanded crescentic cutting edge.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-01T23:00:00Z,2017-05-01T23:00:00Z,,,134.63,,,18,104,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD7539,From finder,53.84663226,-2.38146836,LANCUM-1C4D1C,,LANCUM1C4D1C.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM1C4D1C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/614079.jpg
846548,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A cast complete but slightly worn and corroded Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave axe of Acton Park (phase 2) or Taunton phases (c. 1500 - c. 1150 BC). 



Description: It is unlooped with high, curved flanges, fused to the stop ridge. The flanges start to rise gradually from the butt, reaching a maximum height above the septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge). There is a molding seam (or ridge) running the middle length of the blade on each side edge although on edge it is obscured by corrosion).There are three longitudinal ridges decorating each face of the blade from the stop ridge unevenly along the blade. The object has suffered heavy pitted corrosion on one edge and a few other areas of the palstave. The blade edge and the butt end are bother highly uneven and abraded which may be evidence of plough damage but the level of wear makes this uncertain. Where it survives the patina is dark green to mid-brown color. The corrosion is a light green turquoise colour.



Measurements:  154.52mm long, 27.17mm wide (at the stop ridge), 58.51mm thick (at blade tip, 23.15mm thick at butt end)  450g (aproximately)



Discussion: http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/axe: The term palstave is very misleading as it comes from the Icelandic 'Paalstab' meaning a digging tool not a type of axe. However the term is used in British archeology to describe where there is a stop and the flanges disappear into the stop. Palstaves are also thicker below the stop. They are usually decorated on the blade and as time went on developed loops. This example fits the Acton Park (phase 2) or Taunton phases palstaves whcih date it to c. 1500 - c. 1150 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,450,,,58.51,154.52,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Tunbridge Wells,Pembury,TQ6343,Generated from computer mapping software,51.1630289,0.32981026,KENT-2EE95F,,KENT2EE95F.jpg,Palstave axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT2EE95F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/614208.jpg
846800,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment from the tip of a copper alloy spearhead, probably of the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1500 - c. 1100 BC. It has a pronounced midrib that extends to the tip, The blade edges are very worn and taper to a worn blunted point. The butt end terminates in what appears to be an ancient break. Overall, the shape is consistent with a side-looped socketed spear head, but not enough of the object remains for definite identification. The object may be the tip of a rapier - its cross-section is very similar to that of a rapier - but it is more likely to be the tip of a spearhead.



The object has an even dark green patina, with some pitting and corrosion.



Overall, the object measures 59.5 mm long, 14.8 mm wide (tapering to 3.7 mm at the tip) and 9.7 mm thick. It weighs 16.14 g.



A similar object is recorded as WMID-B2794D",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,2017-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,16.14,,,9.7,59.5,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Farnsfield,SK6356,Generated from computer mapping software,53.09749377,-1.06059605,DENO-447EC6,,DENO447EC6.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO447EC6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/620603.jpg
847420,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-1500,"A largely complete but corroded cast copper alloy flat axe of Early Bronze Age date (c. BC 2000 - 1700 ).



The flat axe is broadly sub-rectangular in plan, widening to a gently splayed blade. In profile, it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. The flat axe head has an overall length of 100.37mm and the axe weighs 142.6 grams. It should be noted that the axe is relatively small when compared to the corpus of known Early Bronze Age material. The butt is relatively thin having a narrow rounded profile; the width at the butt is 14.57mm with a thickness of 3.8mm. The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively curved.There is no evidence of a median bevel; however, the axe is thickest at the mid point at 8.71mm. The sides of the blade expand to produce a blade edge width of 30.37mm. The blade edge has been damaged through either corrosion or wear.



There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on any surface of the axe due to corrosion and patina. The axe is a mid green brown colour; where damage has occurred there is a light green active corrosion product present.



This example is comparable with some of the earliest known copper axe and early bronze axes discovered in Britain.The axehead is likely to date from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age, and is comparable to Migdale axes although not containing all the attributes of the type. Many Migdale axes tend to have narrower butts which flare more at the cutting edge to crescent blades. Examples of similar Migdale axes can be found in Schmidt and Burgess 'The Axes of Scotland and Northern England'.



There are similar examples at HESH-ACD6C1, NMGN-4FCA62 and NMGW-89E573.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2017-01-10T00:00:00Z,,,142.6,,,8.71,100.37,1,Ann Lipscombe,Ann Lipscombe,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Easingwold,SE5469,From finder,54.11404727,-1.17544617,DUR-ACE1DA,,axe.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/annlipscombe/axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/614945.jpg
847481,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1750,-1550,"A fragment of early Bronze Age copper-alloy dagger or dirk, possibly of Camerton-Snowshill type (Period 4)  c.1750-1550 BC



Description: The dagger survives only as the point end and has linear decoration of six parallel lines creating a ribbing effect, on both sides, running either side of a mid-rib to meet below but on the same line as blade point. The dagger has a lozenge-shaped cross section and the break is ragged and appears to have happened in antiquity. Despite the break the blade is in relatively good condition save for a number of nicks along its edge. The blade is a dark brown and orange colour and is not showing particularly obvious signs of copper corrosion.



Measurements: 78.62mm long, 22.49mm wide, 3.25mm thick and 16.6g in weight



Discussion: This fragment likely relates to a dagger of early Bronze Age, specifically of Camerton-Snowshill type or a derivative thereof, these daggers relate to the end of the early Bronze Age (Period 4)  c.1750-1550 BC.","
We are grateful to Peter Reevil and Stuart Needham for further information on this object.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.6,,,,78.62,1,Peter Reavill,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,West Peckham,TQ6452,Generated from computer mapping software,51.24360274,0.34820876,KENT-AEA581,,KENTAEA581.jpg,Fragment of Middle Bronze age dirk/dagger,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTAEA581.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615012.jpg
847563,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of cast copper alloy socketed axe, dating to the Late Bronze Age - c. 1000 - 800 BC.



Description: The fragment represents part of the socketed end of the axe and is unevenly shaped. Part of the rimmed collar for the socket remains. Just after the rim there is a side loop to help secure the axe to its handle. There is substantial casting line running from the rim and along the mid-line of the loop onto the body of the axe. It appears this casting feature has had very limited finishing. The fragment is dark green on the surfaces and a light green on the breaks which may suggest the axe was broken while in the ground but a substantial time after its deposition.



Measurements: 27.95mm long, 18.15mm high, 12.35mm thick and 10.37g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.37,18.15,,12.35,27.95,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,West Peckham,TQ6452,Generated from computer mapping software,51.24360274,0.34820876,KENT-B057E7,,KENTB057E7.jpg,A fragment of socketed axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTB057E7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615120.jpg
848006,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-950,"An almost complete copper alloy palstave axe with an incomplete side loop. The palstave axe is dated to the Bronze Age period, dating from circa BC 1050 - BC 950.



The palstave is lozenge shaped in profile with a broadly rectangular blade end and triangular butt end in plan. The blade of the palstave has broadly parallel sides that flare slightly to form a crescent shaped cutting edge. The cutting edge measures 30.01mm in width and is 13.11mm thick. The blade is blunt and has been heavily worn, the cutting edge is now lost. The palstave was possibly reground several times owing to the lack of expanded blade at the edges. The widest section of the palstave is at the stop ridge. Below the stop ridge on one face the axe has been decorated with three vertical ridges or ribs which are converging. The opposing face has no evidence of similar decoration although the surface is very worn.



The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is broadly triangular in plan and profile and rectangular in cross section. The butt of the axe is narrowed and incomplete. The butt end measures 18.25mm in width and is 7.74mm thick. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is square in plan and measures 27.02mm in width. The side loop is incomplete and measures 27.9mm in length externally and is 11.9mm in length internally. Only the base of the loop remains on both sides which are broadly circular in section. The object has a mid-green coloured uneven patina. Abrasion caused by movement within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail.



Scmidt and Burgess, (1981), illustrate similar examples which fit the Type Nettleham, plate 67, no 930, which fits with Wilburton and Penard assemblages of the Middle and Late Bronze Age and fits with Needham Period 5-6 Metalworking Assemblage X, dating it to the period BC 1050 -BC 950. This marked a transition between palstaves and socketed axeheads. Other examples have been recorded on the PAS database including (WMID-306462) discovered in Staffordshire and (LIN-709F56) discovered in Nottinghamshire. Good parallels can also be seen from Hockenhul, Cheshire (LVPL-B27017) and also a mixed hoard of Late palstaves and socketed axes from Amport, Hampshire (HAMP-4DE734 etc). The nature of this hoard suggests this form of decorated axe has a potentially long life (well into the Ewart Park phase of the later Bronze Age (1000-800 BC). A distinctive pattern on their distribution has not been produced, however, Evans (1881) identifies a number of this form of axehead being discovered in the Welsh Marches specifically from Llandysilio (Denbighshire) and Fronheulog, Merionethshire (ibid: p92-93).



The object measures 126.20mmin length, is 32.32mmwide at the stop ridge. It has a maximum thickness of 23.93 mm at the stop ridgeand weighs 279.8 grams.



Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,279.8,,,23.93,126.2,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Penkridge,SJ9114,From a paper map,52.72357121,-2.13469204,WMID-DAD78F,,WMIDDAD78F.jpg,"Late Bronze Age Palstave (plan, profile, front, profile, back, blade view)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMIDDAD78F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/615616.jpg
848339,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"Three fragments of Bronze Age metal working debris, the larger may be part of a plano-convex ingot.  



Fragment 1:  15.56g



Fragment 2:  17.98g



Fragment 3:  Thickness 13.70mm, weight 98g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,3,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,GPS (from the finder),51.54292534,-1.16504412,-SUR 171276.00,,B17563.jpg,Bronze Age: Ingot fragments,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17563.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/621932.jpg
848416,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,-1,"
A late Bronze Age to Iron Age copper-alloy possible awl which is sub-circular in section and flatter at the wider end. The surface of the awl is rough and has a dark green patina.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7,,5.5,,64.6,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2149,GPS (from the finder),51.2273739,-0.2684997,SUR-1DDDA9,,17670.jpg,Bronze Age: Awl,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17670.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622619.jpg
848748,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2250,-1900,"A complete copper alloy probable Aylesford miniature type flat axehead of the Early Bronze Age period, probably dating from c. BC 2250 - c. BC 1900. This fits with Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II / III), of metalworking stage IV-VI, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2-3 circa 2250 - 1900 CAL. BC.



The axe is broadly rectangular in plan with a slightly splayed crescentric blade. In profile and in section the object is broadly lentoid (pointed oval) in shape. The edges of the axe have been damaged but much of it remains. The sides of the axe gently exapnd in width from the rounded rectangular butt to the blade. The edges of the axe have been raised slightly on both sides forming shallow flanges. There is a slight median bevel (proto stop ridge) about a third of the way down the axe, this is present on both front and reverse faces but is clearer on the front face. The ridge is not especially prominent however there is a distinct bevel (change of angle) from butt to ridge and from ridge to blade Below the bevel the sides continue to exapnd. The area from the ridge to the blade junction shows evidence of being decorated. The decoration is in the form of a series of parrallel linear lentoid lozenges, these seem to be diagonal and seem to be angled in different directions, although this is difficult to see clearly. This form of decoration is known as rain patternand is common on the later decorated examples of the Migdale tradition and early Aylesford tradition. The decoration is best observed under a raking light. The patination is heavily damged and abraded it is difficult to tell whether there is further decoratio. The decoration stops at the blade facet. Below the rain pattern decoration the sides of the blade taper slightly to form a shallow crescent shaped blade, a distinct blade facet is present. The right edge of the blade on the front face shows signs of ancient damage, probably as a result of time and movement whilst within the plough soil.



The axehead measures 91.2 mm in length, the butt is 19.4 mm wide and the blade measures 39.7 mm wide. The butt has a thickness of 3.5 mm, the ridge measures 7.9 mm thick and the blade is 2.1 mm thick. The axehead weighs 87.8 g.



The axehead is a mid green to mid brown in colour with a highly polished patina which has been damage across much of the surface, especially on the reverse. Probably as a direct of the movement of the object whilst within the plough soil. There are, however, a series of large scars which have removed areas of decoration. Where this damage has occurred a light grey green powdery corrosion is evident. The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Migdale tradition (specifically the decorated variant) dated: 2250-1900 CAL. BC / end of EBA II - III. This axehead forms part of the corpus of earliest developed bronze axes of Britain. Other broadly similar examples of this type of axehead have been recorded in Schmidt and Burgess (1981), plate 27, (or page 61), No 310 or 312. 



Ref:



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.22-23 (also Plate 1 no 5).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-06-30T23:00:00Z,2016-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,87.8,,,7.9,91.2,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Ingestre,SJ9825,From finder,52.82252846,-2.03112112,WMID-4175F6,,WMID4175F6.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Miniature Flat axehead (Aylesford Type),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID4175F6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/616052.jpg
848968,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-801,"Description: Dispersed hoard of six copper alloy objects consisting of; 




	
Socketed spearhead. Bevelled, leaf-shaped blade, missing the tip and most of the cutting edge. The circular socket terminates in a jagged break which is not fresh, but is comparatively recent. It exhibits prominent casting seams down each long edge. Length: 97mm. Diameter of socket 14.2mm. Maximum extant width of blade: 17.1mm. Extant length of blade 74mm. Weight 35.3g.  

	
Fragment of socketed spearhead comprising part of the cylindrical socket. It exhibits the stubs of the cast side loops on either side, on the same line as the longitudinal casting ribs. The socket terminates in worn breaks at either end. Heavily pitted. Length: 29.7mm. It expands in diameter from 7.6mm to 12.2mm. Weight: 6.2g. 

	
 Tanged dagger or knife cut down from a dirk or rapier. Rectangular blade with a low central midrib and lozengiform cross-section. The butt end is rounded and has an off-centre rivet hole. The blade has a bend approximately halfway along its length, giving the blade a slightly S-shaped profile. This is likely to be post-depositional damage rather than deliberate. The blade terminates in a relatively fresh transverse break. Extant length: 90mm. Maximum width: 15.7mm. Thickness: 1.8mm. Weight: 15.1g. 

	
Ring. Undecorated, with a slight circumferential edge running around the outside. The inner edge exhibits a notch 14.1mm wide on one side, from wear. The surface is pitted and flaked in patches. External diameter: 34.2mm. Internal diameter: 21.4mm. Thickness: 5.8mm. Weight: 16.2g. 

	
Casting waste. Fragment of a casting sprue. Trapezoidal in shape and roughly oval in cross-section. Length: 19.8mm. Maximum width: 29.4mm. Minimum width: 14.1mm. Maximum thickness: 20.5mm. Minimum thickness: 3.9mm. Weight: 33.1g. 

	
Unidentified object. C-shaped fragment with relatively recent break at one end and worn break at the other. It expands in thickness from one end to the other and exhibits a prominent recessed channel running down the centre. Near the thickened end is a projecting stub terminating in an old break. Length: 27.5mm. Maximum width: 11.6mm. Minimum width: 5.9mm. Maximum thickness: 7.2mm. Minimum thickness: 2.9mm. Weight: 11.2g. 





Discussion: Although the group was scattered over a wide area across a single field (see grid references), Neil Wilkin (Curator, Bronze Age Europe, pers. comms.) stated that the group appeared to consist of contemporary objects and should therefore be considered as a potential hoard. Nos. 1 – 3 can all be assigned a Middle to Late Bronze Age date. 



No. 3 is paralleled by a number of similar finds on the PAS database, particularly BERK-80BA1E. This record notes a comment from Dot Boughton that Burgess and Gerloff (1981) include a blade of similar shape and size in their Group II (Damaged Blades Modified for Rehafting), p. 36, Plate 32, no 248, described as ""Tanged blade, either a knife made in this form or possibly a dirk with butt cut down for rehafting, in which case the torn rivet hole would have been secondary…."" 



No. 4 is also likely to be contemporaneous. Similar rings have been discovered in a number of Bronze Age hoards and have been suggested as horse harness fittings; as being part of the handles of a sheet-metal cauldron, of Class A1 (Type Tul-na-cross) and Class B1 (Types Llyn Fawr, Ballyshannon and Castlederg) (Gerloff 2010, Pl. 17, 7b; Pl.32, 14a; Pl. 33, 14f-h; Pl. 34, 15d, Pl. 54, 33c and Pl. 66, 37g); or part of a chain from which a cauldron or other vessel was suspended over a fire.



It is likely that the objects form a single find of Late Bronze Age date.","It is likely that the objects form a single find of Late Bronze Age date, which qualifies the group as treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 (Designation Order 2002).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,2017-04-29T23:00:00Z,2017T492,,116.9,,,,,6,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,,,,,,,,,NMS-545F3E,,64326_545F3E_BA_Hoard_Assemblage.jpg,Bronze Age hoard (assemblage),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/64326_545F3E_BA_Hoard_Assemblage.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129619.jpg
848970,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Fragment of probable Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unidentified object, just under half extant, 'moustache-shaped' and in pitted and corroded condition, with the lower tip damaged. transverse break across a central hollow. There are the remains of multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper face of the moustache and a plain constriction before the point. Height / length 26mm. Width 13mm. Thickness 13mm. Weight 6.22g. The date of this enigmatic object is uncertain. Examples occurred in the Salisbury Hoard, which contained Bronze Age material but was buried in the Iron Age (Stead 1998). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (see entry for HAMP-C04CC3). Other Norfolk examples have been found in Gayton (HER 16121), Barton Bendish (HER 17600), Methwold (HER 5235), Runcton Holme (HER 33872), Shernborne (HER 24431), Shouldham Thorpe (HER 39265), Snettisham (HER 24432), Swaffham (HER 29208), see Rogerson and Ashley (2009), 556-7, figs.1-3.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-02-12T00:00:00Z,2017-05-09T23:00:00Z,,,6.22,,,13,26,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Attleborough,TM0397,From finder,52.53301972,0.9915124,NMS-54B5B4,,33179_54B5B4_MBA_UnidentifiedObject_Ill.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Unidentified Object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/33179_54B5B4_MBA_UnidentifiedObject_Ill.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645096.jpg
849232,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,A complete Middle Bronze Age basal-looped spearhead measuring 207mm in length. Although complete the blade edges are slightly 'nibbled' where they are very thin. The shaft bears extensive filing where the casting seams have been removed. The socket is 150mm long internally and the opening of the socket is 22.0mm by 23.5mm.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-05T23:00:00Z,2017-05-13T23:00:00Z,,,,,,23.5,207,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From finder,51.65244492,-1.43767284,SUR-5A759A,,DSCF8671.JPG,Bronze Age: Basal-looped spearhead,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF8671.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/616325.jpg
849235,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"A Late Bronze Age pegged spearhead, now much damaged and in two pieces. The central part of the spearhead is missing and the edges are ragged. The spearhead may have lain horizontally while in the ground and appears to have been shattered by the action of a plough.



The spear is slender with a long hollow socket. Only a fragment of the socket extremity survives but does not retian evidence for a peg hole. On the larger fragment the socket survives to an extent of 127mm. The diameter of the mouth of the socket can be estimated at c.30mm. The original length of the spearhead may be in the order of 230mm.



The spearhead belongs in the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, c.900-700BC.","
The dimensions given here relate to the larger fragment.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-10-13T23:00:00Z,,,,94,,,23.25,176,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Tidmarsh,SU6375,From finder,51.47046772,-1.09438094,SUR-5A9F73,,DSCF8667.JPG,Bronze Age: Spearhead,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF8667.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/616327.jpg
849705,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy knife dating to the late Bronze Age (c. 1000-800 BC). The tang and shoulders of the knife remain and the blade tapers to an old break. A longitudinal ridge runs down the centre of the blade. The blade edges are incomplete on both sides.



The overall dimensions are as follows: 56.08mm in length, 17.33mm in width and 2.13mm in thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,2.13,56.08,1,Susheela Burford (LIN),Susheela Burford (LIN),East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Osbournby,TF0838,From a paper map,52.92855538,-0.39479797,PUBLIC-841984,,PUBLIC841984.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy knife,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/PUBLIC841984.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1006005.jpg
849756,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
The extreme tip of a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy rapier or sword.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.42,,,2.38,32.6,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,GPS (from the finder),51.54292534,-1.16504412,-SUR 921000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.00,,B17619.jpg,Bronze Age: Rapier tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17619.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622893.jpg
851056,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 BC. Only the tip of the spear remains which is triangular in plan and lozenge in section. The very tip has been lost to old worn breaks and a deep socket is present (18.9mm).



An insufficient portion of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed, though it is probably comparable with the range of spearheads in Davis Groups 6-11.



The metal has a mid-green patina and is pitted and worn. The spear is 37.6mm long, 12.7mm wide, 9.2mm thick and weighs 8.9g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.9,,,9.2,37.6,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Grayingham,SK9396,GPS (from the finder),53.45256031,-0.6010036,YORYM-564F27,,BBA0008.jpg,Bronze Age : Spear,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/BBA0008.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/617746.jpg
851862,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"A complete copper alloy, Bronze Age, palstave 1500-1000BC. The palstave has a broad cutting edge that has some worn chipped dammage to the blade. This tapers down towards the butt of the axe, levelling out at the mid point of the object. There is a rib running down towards the blade from the middle of the piece on both sides, this rib tapers out about halfway to the edge. The butt end of the palstave has an H shaped section with two deep recesses running towards the butt. The flanges are broad and oval in shape. Running the length of the object on the top and bottom sides is a casting seam from the mould. The object has a mottled dark and light green patination. The dark green is almost grey perhaps suggesting a high tin content.



Length: 149.48mm
Width: 54.38mm
Thickness: 18.46mm
Weight: 380g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,380,,,18.46,149.48,1,Edwin Wood,Edwin Wood,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Houghton,SU3333,GPS (from the finder),51.0953641,-1.53013441,SUSS-A6CB94,,PalstaveSUSSA6CB94.jpg,"A complete copper alloy, Bronze Age, palstave 1500-1000BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/PalstaveSUSSA6CB94.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618449.jpg
851937,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A section of a very worn blade from a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy spear with the blade edges missing. The spear has a rounded spine with four narrow grooves in a band on each side.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.46,,,7.2,57.27,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Woldingham,TQ3555,From a paper map,51.27815772,-0.06585549,SUR-A9688B,,17827.jpg,Bronze Age: Spearhead fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17827.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/623977.jpg
851940,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1000,"
A fragment of a much pitted copper-alloy blade from a probable Bronze Age palstave axe, which has been broken centrally along its axis and transversely. One corner of the blade survives.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.23,,,10.16,36.62,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Tandridge,Woldingham,TQ3556,From a paper map,51.28714439,-0.06547794,SUR-A97DA1,,17828.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave blade,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17828.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/623979.jpg
851986,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A complete copper alloy bracelet of probable Middle Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age date. The bracelet is formed from a single bar of copper alloy that has been twisted to create a spiralling effect around much of its length. Towards the two terminal ends the wire is not twisted and instead is a short length of rectangular section. The terminals are hooked allowing the bracelet to be joined together. The wire terminates in a point on each terminal hook. Althogh now slightly distorted, it is evident that the closed diameter of the bracelet would have been very small.



Spiral torcs are known from the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1400-1200 BC) and twisted wire torcs and cabled bracelets from the Iron Age and Roman periods, however the form of this example suggests an early date. No direct comparison for the small size can be found on the PAS database nor in the usual literature however twisted torcs are a well-known artefact of the 'Ornament Horizon' period of the Middle Bronze Age. Of example recorded with the PAS there are two recently discovered spiral torcs from Hampshire (SUR-9A711C), while a much grander example from Wiltshire shows the skill of the manufacturers (WILT-12B9D2). The 'Near Lewes' hoard also exhibits a complete spiral torc (SUSS-C5D042). They all have the untwisted sections before hooked terminals. The example recorded herein is of much cruder workmanship when compared to other examples.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-22T23:00:00Z,,,,3.8,,57.7,2.7,57.7,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From finder,51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-AA2EC4,,2017073.jpg,Bronze Age bracelet: Spiral bracelet,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017073.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618570.jpg
851999,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1400,43,"An incomplete and corroded copper-alloy awl of Middle Bronze Age to Roman date. The centre section of the awl is sub-circular in section with one end of the awl tapering to a sharp point and the other tapering to a thinner rectangular sectioned point, however the very tip is missing. Awls are very difficult to date so a wide range of dates is suggested here, however looking at other finds from the area this is prbably of Middle Bronze Age to Late Iron Age date (c. 1400 BC - AD 43).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,,3.5,,4.8,,66.2,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3996,From finder,51.66143571,-1.4375616,BERK-AA4DC4,,2017074.jpg,Undated Awl: Awl,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017074.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619103.jpg
852006,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of the tip of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead of the stepped type, dating from Late Bronze Age (1150 - 800 BC). Although fragmentary the spearhead tip is in good condition; the break appears to be ancient.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-08T00:00:00Z,,,,7.9,,,8.5,33.4,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From finder,51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-AA6B78,,2017075.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Stepped spearhead tip,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017075.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619093.jpg
852018,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A complete cast copper alloy leaf-shaped basal-looped spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1400-1150 BC), Ehrenberg Class IIIa. Although complete the blade edges are slightly 'nibbled' where they are very thin but where complete the edges are still sharp. There are mulitple scratches along the blade and socket, possibly a result of finishing after being removed from the mould. The internal diameter of the socket is 17.9mm. This spear head is one of several from the area, and a number are known from across Oxfordshire/Berkshire, many associated with watery contexts. Similar leaf-shaped basal-looped spearheads include examples from Marlow, Speen and Wallingford (Ehrenberg 1977 nos 32, 79, 106 and 137 respectively).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,110.3,,21,,163,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From finder,51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-AAB536,,2017077.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Basal looped spearhead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017077.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619086.jpg
852048,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy bladed weapon, possibly a knife or dagger dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1400-800 BC). The blade fragment consists of the tang, which is rectangular in section with two small notches near the top, and a small part of the blade, which narrows from expanded shoulders at the base of the tang. The blade is lentoid in section. This object may have been reworked or reduced by continual sharpening, which is seen on other examples.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.3,,,3,55.1,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From finder,51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-AB297D,,2017078.jpg,Bronze Age dagger: Dagger,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017078.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619084.jpg
852057,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy bladed weapon, possibly a knife or dagger dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1400-800 BC). The blade fragment consists of part of the tang, which is under half-complete, broken through a central perforation, possibly a rivet to secure the tang to the weapon handle. There is a large notch in one side of the tang, which would have presumably been repeated on the opposing edge. Below the notch the blade begins to taper in width to the break; all breaks appear ancient. The blade has a nearly flat cross section. This object may have been reworked (includng the addition of the rivet hole) and possibly reduced by continual sharpening, which is seen on other examples. The fragmentary nature of the object makes classification difficult.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.4,,,2.2,56.3,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From finder,51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-AB436E,,2017079.jpg,Bronze Age blade: weapon blade,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017079.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619081.jpg
852106,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1900,"A small copper alloy flat axehead. It has a thin sub-rectangular cross section. THe faces of the axe are both flat with no side flanges. The sides are slightly convex with a faint trace of a mid casting line on each. It has a slightyl flared, thinned and out-curved cutting edge without a clear facet.The axe tapers at the sides to a narrow rounded butt and the faces also taper so that it is thinned. There is considerable corrosion on one face of the axe.

Date: Early Bronze Age - c. 2100 to 1900 BC

Dimensions: 93.38 mm x 36.84 mm x 6.12 mm

Weight: 71.22 g



Ther axe is simlar to LANCUM-CDB533 which is identified by Dot Boughton as belonging to the Migdale metalworking phase.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,71.22,,,6.12,93.38,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Stourpaine,ST8811,From finder,50.89835072,-2.17200732,DOR-BB077A,,BB077A.jpg,Early bronze Age flat axe,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/BB077A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618898.jpg
852238,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-801,"A complete copper alloy awl, probably of late Bronze Age date. The shaft is square in cross-section and tapers towards a point. The opposite end is squared off. It survives in fair condition with a corroded surface with a white green patina.



It is difficult to date Bronze Age awls precisely, however, Ben Roberts, Curator, European Bronze Age, The British Museum (pers. comm.) suggests that they are likely to date to later in the period. The form changes little throughout time, however, and post-Bronze Age examples are also known. Many similar examples have been recorded on the PAS database, including SWYOR-220A7C from Yorkshire, HAMP-D070D5 from Wiltshire and SOM-7C6ED1 from Somerset.



Length: 44.85mm, width: 4.93mm, weight: 4.5g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-06-10T23:00:00Z,,,,4.5,,,,44.85,1,Dominic Shelley,Dominic Shelley,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Orwell,TL3552,GPS (from the finder),52.14979084,-0.02830503,PUBLIC-E72E98,,IMG_1137.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dshelleyic/IMG_1137.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618527.jpg
852391,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1000,"A cast fragment of a Bronze Age spear or sword, c.1800-1000 BC. The piece, which comprises the tip of the weapon,  has a tapering central ridge upon both sides, with tapering narrow blades to either side of the ridge. The object break is worn and old, the whole surface of the object having corroded to a dark red/brown colour.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.92,,,3.35,30.31,1,Edwin Wood,Edwin Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Stone with Bishopstone and Hartwell,SP7811,GPS (from the finder),51.79222483,-0.8704583,SUSS-EB554B,,,,,,,
852551,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Mid to Late Bronze Age copper alloy fragment probably a broken rapier or dagger dating 1500 - 1000BC. The object is triangular in form and an oval in cross section. It represents the damaged tip of a spear head. It has a narrow central rib with adjacent channels which has a circular cross section and tapers towards the point. The blades which are damaged taper in width towards the point. Rapiers are really long and have a slim blade and the shoulders and hilt, have broken off Similar to GLO-7EFE1A and WILT-471861 on the database. The length is 143mm, the width is 38mm thickness 20mm and the weight 62.93g.

The fragment seems comparable with Burgess and Gerloff's Type III which date to the Taunton Phase, c.-1400 to -1250.

Ref. Burgess, C.B. and Gerloff, S. (1981), The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Prähistorische Bronzefund IV, 7.

Rapiers date to the Middle Bronze Age (1400-1100 BC) and fragments sometimes turn up in Late Bronze Age hoards, suggesting their continued use.

1. Burgess C.B. & Gerloff S., 1981; The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IV. Band 7.

2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,62.93,,,20,143,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD4515,From finder,53.62862536,-2.8331336,LANCUM-FF125F,,LANCUMFF125F.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMFF125F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618740.jpg
852553,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A complete Early Bronze Age cast copper-alloy undecorated developed flat axe (c. 2000-1700 BC): This implement is sub-rectangular in plan with an expanded crescent shaped blade. The butt, in plan, is complete with a rounded terminal. The side profile of the axe is lentoid with both terminals tapering. In cross section the body of the axe has lentoid profile. The axe is decorated with short incised probably chiselled lines below the stop ridge and along the length to the blade. The butt end of the axe has been hammered flat creating a proto-stop ridge. The blade tip flares outwards from the body forming a concave hollow. The blade appears to be symmetrical. There is an obvious cutting edge bevel towards the blade edge where it has been hammered for sharpening. The surface of the axe has a dark greenish-brown patina. The length is 133mm, the width of blade is 78mm, width of butt is 28mm, thickness 18mm.



The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age (EBA III) of metalworking stage IV-V (more likely V) specifically within the developed flat axe tradition which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL.BC. This axe is very similar to a number of examples specifically from the type: Brandon. These are described by Burgess and Schmidt in Catalogue of the Axes in Northern Britain as: being ""notably smaller than other advanced flat axes, usually under 130mm length. They have straight parallel or near parallel sides which curve out suddenly just above the blade to a widely expanded crescentic cutting edge. The decoration could reveal an Irish influence.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,18,133,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD7539,From finder,53.84663226,-2.38146836,LANCUM-FF1A46,,LANCUMFF1A46.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMFF1A46.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618741.jpg
852555,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age socketed axehead in two pieces. The transverse break is recent. There is much recent scuffing on the mouth, side-loop and cutting edge, and all the surface damage is also modern. Below the mouth there is a collar and the cross-section is circular. The collar ends at the springing of the side-loop, at which there is an abrupt change to octagonal. The facets continue to the cutting edge. When found both parts of the socket were filled with wood. After drying this became loose and was dislodged (it has not been identified). Length 106mm. Width 46.8mm. Weight 142.22g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-18T23:00:00Z,2017-06-05T23:00:00Z,,,142.22,,,,106,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Thorpe Market,TG2335,Generated from computer mapping software,52.86624663,1.31161363,NMS-FF25D1,,62138_FF25D1_LBA_Axehead_2.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/62138_FF25D1_LBA_Axehead_2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1150715.jpg
852556,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age small cast copper alloy flat axe with a narrow butt end and a slightly flanged blade, dating from the Early Bronze Age c. 2125-1950 BC. The edge of the blade of the axe appears to be unused, and the size of the axe suggests that it might have been used for votive reasons. The colour suggests that the axe is copper-rich and the original surface survives well in places, with patches of corrosion product and a few pits, and a few marks on one face of the blade. Otherwise the axe is in good condition. Flat axes with narrow butt ends with rectangular sections and slightly flanged blades can be found during the Brithdir metalwork phase (c.2150-2000 BC) of the Early Bronze Age, such as the Class 3 axe illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 123, fig.24, no.34). Plain axes like this are also classified as Type Migdale which belong to 'Metalworking Assemblage III', corresponding to Needham's (1996, 122) Period 2 (c.2300-2050 BC).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate a similar small flat axe from Patrington in plate 14, no.176, which is classified as a Type Migdale flat axe.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar example of a slender Migdale type flat axe from Salcombe in Devon, on pages 453 & 599, plate 38, no.289.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate the latest small, slender Migdale type of flat axe to be recorded in the South West, from Bishop's Tawton in Devon, on page 87, pl.14, no.111.



The Migdale Phase is now dated from c.2125-1950 BC (Roberts et al. 2013, p.23, fig.2.2).



References cited

◾Pearce, S.M., 1983 The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain Oxford : British Archaeological Reports , 453 & 599, plate 38 , no.289

◾ Needham, S.P., 1996 Chronology and periodisation in the British Bronze Age, 67, 122,

◾ Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 14

◾Knight, M., Ormrod, T. and Pearce, S., 2015 The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain: A corpus of material found between 1983 and 2014 Oxford : Archaeopress, 87, pl.14 , no.111

◾Roberts, B. & Uckelmann, M. & Brandherm, D., 2013. Old Father Time: the Bronze Age Chronology of Western Europe. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 23, fig.2.2 ,",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,18,133,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD7539,From finder,53.84663226,-2.38146836,LANCUM-FF28DD,,LANCUMFF28DD1.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMFF28DD1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618746.jpg
852562,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Cast copper alloy palstave dating from the Middle Bronze Age, i.e. c. 1500-1300BC. The axe is a heavy implement for its size and complete with the two flanges and a crescent-shaped blade with up-turned corners. It is part of the Taunton metalwork assemblage. The axe has two triangular flanges (diamond-shaped from the side). The casting flashes are visible and have been filed but are still slightly raised and with its small, worn semi-circular stop-ridge it could be related to the shield-pattern palstaves of the Acton Park metalwork assemblage to which it bears some resemblance. It has a dull brown patina. The axe blade is bevelled and appears to have been re-sharpened. The patina is a dull blackish-green. A similar, less complete palstave was recorded here: LANCUM-F8B182. The length is 158mm, the width is 72mm, thickness 50mm and the weight too heavy for scales.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,50,158,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD4515,From finder,53.62862536,-2.8331336,LANCUM-FF3E11,,LANCUMFF3E11.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMFF3E11.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618749.jpg
852567,Slag,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,410,"Two amorphic piece of copper alloy slag. Found in an area with Bronze Age and Roman artefacts. The surface is characterised by lumps and hollows and has a tin element is indicated relating to bronze working. The slag has a good deep green patina, similar to that seen on some local Bronze Age metalwork, so it may date from this period. If this lump of slag is indeed Bronze Age, it is interesting that it has survived and was not re-melted. Fragments of casting waste like this one are hard to date. Scientific analysis of the elemental composition of the copper alloy would allow a more accurate date to be suggested.



Fragment 1. The length is 45mm, the width is 22mm.



Fragment 2. The length is 31mm, the width is 41mm and the combined weight 44.01g.",,3,Copper alloy,Tin or tin alloy,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,44.01,,,,,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD4515,From finder,53.62862536,-2.8331336,LANCUM-FF5521,,LANCUMFF5521.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMFF5521.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618753.jpg
852764,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"A complete copper-alloy ingot of probable late bronze age date, c. 1150 - 600BC.



Description:The ingot is a plano-convex discoid shape possibly suggesting the production in a bowl furnace rather than a mould. The upper is flat but with a large knop or swelling relating to the casting gate used in its production. The bottom is a rounded convex shape. The ingot is heavily pitted likely due to a mix of impurities in its matrix and the uneven natural material used to create the bowl in which it was cast.



Measurements:121mm in diameter, 41.49mm thick and 1,225g in weight



Discussion:The bowl furnaces were developed during the Mediterranean Bronze Age, becoming popular in Britain in the Late Bronze Age and were used intermittently to the modern era for many types of metal. It becomes much rarer in the production of copper-alloy after the Roman Period. Iron Age and Roman bun ingots tend to be much heavier than those of the bronze age often weighing upwards of 12kg, this example weighing only 1.25kg would be suggestive of a late Bronze Age date.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1225,,121,41.49,,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Barham,TR2149,GPS (from the finder),51.19745492,1.16182545,KENT-14DDA6,,KENT14DDA6.jpg,Copper-alloy bun ingot of likely late Bronze Age date,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT14DDA6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/618980.jpg
852964,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Pitted and corroded fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, cutting edge and the end of the socket containing some corrosion. The breaks are ancient. Extant length 21mm. Width 24.5mm. Extant thickness 10.5mm. Weighs 30.86g. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-19T23:00:00Z,2017-05-16T23:00:00Z,,,30.86,,,10.5,21,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Morningthorpe and Fritton,TM2293,From finder,52.48971413,1.26849823,NMS-39408C,,14864_39408C_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/14864_39408C_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154574.jpg
853136,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-850,"A complete cast copper-alloy tanged chisel of Late Bronze Age date. The chisel is in good condition and appears undamaged, with evidence for use wear on the blade tip and edge. The chisel has a tapering square-sectioned tang which abuts the round-sectioned, collared handle stop of the chisel blade. The collar is 13.5 mm diameter. From the collar the chisel blade, which is broadly triangular in plan, flattens in profile and expands to a thin cutting edge with slightly flared shoulders. The cutting edge is 27.5 mm wide. The object is in very good coniditon and has a mid-brown patina across much of its surface.



Tanged chisels, which date from c. 1150-850 BC, are known from several hoards and as isolated finds; complete examples from such contexts are uncommon. Three other complete tanged chisels from Oxfordshire are of almost identical form; on this database an example from South Oxfordshire (see BERK-52E8C3), from Noke (BERK-D3E079) and another illustrated in Evans (1881:168 no. 193) from Wallingford (formerly Berkshire). Other examples from across the country include DUR-5BADA1 and NMS-769173.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,13.5,,85.3,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From finder,51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-4008DB,,2017085.jpg,Bronze Age chisel: Tanged chisel,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017085.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619158.jpg
853173,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy awl probably dating from the Middle Bronze Age to Roman periods, c. 1500 BC - 410 AD. 



The object is broadly a thin pointed oval shape in plan. It is double ended, with one end being circular in section while tapering to a sharp rounded point. The opposing end is broadly rectangular in section while thinning to a chisel-like point, though the tip of the latter is broken away in old damage. The centre of the object is broadly square in section. 



The object measures 62.8 mm in length. It measures 4.9 mm wide in the centre, is 2.4 mm wide at the rounded point terminal and is 4.25 mm wide at the chisel like terminal. It has a thickness in the centre of 4.7 mm, measures 2.0 mm thick at the rounded terminal and is 1.7 mm thick at the chisel like terminal. It weighs 5.8 g. 



The object is a dark brown in colour with an even patina. There are areas of light green colouring which may be copper corrosion products. Abrasion caused by movment whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. Other similar objects have been recorded on the database including WAW-9874B9, SF-9D2A15, BERK-7C4FE6,SF-6B4D8D and SF-480E7C.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.8,,,4.7,62.8,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Newcastle-under-Lyme,Loggerheads,SJ7032,From finder,52.88461523,-2.44726952,WMID-7999D4,,WMID7999D4.jpg,Middle Bronze Age to Roman: Probable Awl,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID7999D4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619263.jpg
853405,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"A complete awl of possible Bronze Age to Roman date, (c. 1500 BC- AD 410.



Description:  It is formed from a rectangular cross-sectioned copper-alloy rod, one end terminates in a pyramid, where each face comes to a point. At the other end the faces narrow to the wedged end. both ends have been formed by hammerning them into a point.



Measurements: Length:47.92mm, width: 4.67mm, thickness: 4.69mm, weight: 5.85g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.85,,,4.69,47.92,1,Mags Erwin,Mags Erwin,,Kent,Gravesham,Higham,TQ7169,GPS (from the finder),51.39426858,0.45654733,KENT-8F94EF,,KENT8F94EFa.jpg,Copper alloy awl,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smokedkelpie/KENT8F94EFa.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619428.jpg
853566,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy button, circular plano-convex with two concentric moulded grooves on the face. There is an integral sub-oval sectioned loop on the hollow reverse, with internal dimensions of c.9 x 1.5mm. Very similar to two examples from the Reach Fen hoard, Cambridgeshire (cf. Inventaria Archaeologica, Hawkes and Smith, 1956, GB.17 3 (3) no. 26 - 27), and one from Colkirk, Norfolk (HER 37128). Diameter 19.2 - 20mm. Thickness 3.7mm. Weight 4.81g. 1,000 - 701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2013-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,4.81,,20,3.7,,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Field Dalling,TG0038,Centred on field,52.90220981,0.97228071,NMS-960333,,624570_960333_LBA_Button_ILL.jpg,Bronze Age button,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/624570_960333_LBA_Button_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1104120.jpg
853612,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,-700,"A late Bronze Age faceted socketed axe of Meldreth type, Ewart Park metalwork assemblage, c1000-800BC. The axe is gently flaring to the curved cutting edge. There are ridges along the faceted sides of the axe. The casting ridges are visible. At the socket end of the axe is a narrow ridge and a deep convex collar. The collar is broken at a point. The socket is circular and there are slight inward projections set opposite on the edge, probably sprues from the casting process. At one side below the collar is a side loop. 



The socketed axe measures 101.93mm in length, 50.59mm wide (blade) and 6.43 mm thick (blade). It weights 185.15 g 



The collar measures 31.11 mm in diameter.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,185.15,,,,101.93,1,Nadia Messina,Nadia Messina,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Alderholt,SU1211,,50.8983555,-1.83073388,WILT-A49B7A,,WILTA49B7A.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTA49B7A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619828.jpg
853649,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A complete Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed spear head dating to period c. 1300-800 BC, probably the Penard or Ewart Park phase.The spear is socketed and leaf shaped with a central ridge running down the length. The ridge is circular in section. In the socket (the diameter measures 8.78 mm) there are two holes.



The socketed arrowhead measures 47.04mm in length, 14.80 mm wide (max) and 7.14 mm thick (max). It weights 7.96 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.96,,,,47.04,1,Nadia Messina,Nadia Messina,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Collingbourne Kingston,SU2457,,51.3116119,-1.65705483,WILT-A5F3E2,,WILTA5F3E2.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILTA5F3E2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619835.jpg
853760,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1500,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot or 'cake' possibly dating from the Bronze Age period (c. 2100-1500 BC). The object is irregular in plan and curved in profile with one smooth concave face and a rough uneven outer convex face. The outer face is rough and pitted.



The edges of the object are uneven and rough but with an even patina due to breaks during antiquity. The object has a light green patina and is probably the result of metal working. The colour, texture, shape and formation of the ingot suggests that it may date from the Bronze age period, however without metallurgical analysis it is difficult to date the ingot precisely and it may be more recent. The object has a mid-green patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2008-09-28T23:00:00Z,,,,168.69,,,15,64,1,Sam Moorhead,Sam Moorhead,South West,Devon,South Hams,Stoke Gabriel,SX8656,,50.39279678,-3.60513893,FASAM-B9053E,,DSC01749.JPG,Bronze Age 'cake': convex surface,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sam/DSC01749.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/619745.jpg
854238,Weight,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1350,-1200,"A cast copper-alloy rectangular block of middle to late Bronze Age date.



Description: The objects is roughtly rectangular with 3 equally spaced wavy lines on each of its' wide faces and one on the two thing long faces. At each end the lines extend a small amount onto the face.. The block is patinated dark green colour with marginal pitting from light green verdigris



Measurements: 21.57mm long, 18.82mm wde, 9.45mm thick and 32.66g in weight.



Description: This weight resembles an example found on the Salcombe Bronze Age wreck and amongst Central European grave contexts dating to the late fourteenth- and thirteenth-century BC, such as at Horušany in Bohemia or Hurlach in Bavaria (Rahmstorf 2019. 1200).",This object was published in Rahmstorf (2019),4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.66,,,9.45,21.57,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Denton with Wootton,TR2347,Generated from computer mapping software,51.17872249,1.18916374,KENT-115078,,blockthingy.jpg,Copper-alloy block of uncertain date,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/blockthingy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/620088.jpg
854350,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Small fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy two-edged knife, broken at both ends and with both edges missing. The breaks are ancient but there is some recent scuffing with the loss of some brown patination. Extant length and width 22.3 and 14.5mm. Thickness 2.2mm. Weight 3.02g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2013-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,3.02,,,2.2,22.3,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Field Dalling,TG0138,Centred on field,52.90183714,0.98712735,NMS-239A0E,,24566_239A0E_LBA_DoubleEdgedKnifeFragment_a.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age knife,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/24566_239A0E_LBA_DoubleEdgedKnifeFragment_a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155939.jpg
855001,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1500,"
A heavily corroded blade from a Bronze Age axehead. The axehead is heavily pitted and no original surface survives. This may be an Early Bronze Age flat axe but this is far from certain. It is too narrow to be an axe of socketed form.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,60.17,,,7.52,45.88,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Boldre,SZ3397,From finder,50.77165067,-1.5333831,SUR-62346B,,17908.jpg,Bronze Age: Axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17908.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/630661.jpg
855066,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A fragment of worn cast Middle Bronze Age II to Late Bronze age, 1300BC - 800BC, Possibly Wilburton or Ewart Park type.



Description: The fragment is irregular shaped but roughly rectangular in plan, lozenge in cross-section with a flat mid rib. It is heavily patinated and pitted typical of highly corroded copper-alloy. The fragment, due to its small size likely originates from the upper section of the sword.



Measurements: 28.85mm wide, 24mm long, 6.66mm thick and 19.91g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.91,,,6.66,24,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Wingham,TR2458,GPS (from the finder),51.2770876,1.21031717,KENT-674DAF,,KENT674DAF.jpg,Fragment of Middle Bronze Age to late Bronze Age Sword,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT674DAF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/620709.jpg
855176,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A copper-alloy sub-oval casting well with no clear stubs of runners. This is probably of Bronze Age date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-05T23:00:00Z,,,,35.45,,,12.55,32.14,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Watlington,SU6993,GPS (from the finder),51.63158966,-1.00448728,SUR-A124F8,,B17654.jpg,Bronze Age: Casting debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17654.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/623331.jpg
855257,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-750,"A complete cast copper-alloy leaf-shaped peg-hole spearhead of late middle to late Bronze Age date, 1200-750 BC. Ehrenburg 1977 Class V; Penard - Ewart phase; Needham Period 6 – 7. Davis (2017) dates this type, 'generic' pegged, Davis Group 11, to the Late Bronze Age, 1100 – 800 BC.



The spearhead comprises a leaf shaped blade with chamfered edges and a conical socket with two circular peg holes; one to either side of the socket which are positioned in line with the blade. The edges of the blade are worn. Slight casting flashes are visible from the point at which the blade meets the socket to the mouth of the socket.



The object measures 90.5mm in length, 25.8mm in maximum width. The socket depth is 47.1mm, it is 22.8mm in diameter with walls which are 2.9mm thick. The spear weighs 41.9g.



The metal has a mid to dark brown patina with lighter green patches in delaminated areas.



A similar spearhead has been recorded as LVPL-D726F2 in which it is noted that Ehremburg notes that there is a sub-classification that she calls 'short stumpy' types (p.15) which have a length of less than 100mm with the width of the blade being approximately 1/3 the length. Ehremburg suggests that these are from the Ewart Park (1000-750 BC Needham Period 7) assemblage.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,41.9,,22.8,2.9,90.8,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Leconfield,TA0542,From finder,53.86360558,-0.40484156,YORYM-A68F4C,,ACH0004.jpg,Bronze Age : Spearhead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/ACH0004.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622616.jpg
855649,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-750,"A complete tough worn copper-alloy chisel of middle to late Bronze Age, c. 1800 - 750 BC. The chisel is rectangular in both plan and section with a slightly pointed ovate profile and slight raised flanges to the butt end.



The metal has a dark green patina with slight pitting to the surface and is worn. The object is 82.2mm long, 14.9mm wide, 7.1mm thick and weighs 40.6g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,40.6,,,7.1,82.2,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Wilberfoss,SE7551,GPS (from the finder),53.94967433,-0.8587035,YORYM-E1835A,,RHH0044.jpg,Bronze Age : Chisel,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/RHH0044.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622875.jpg
856173,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-800,"Description:



A complete cast copper-alloy socketed hammer, probably dating the late Bronze Age 'Ewart Park' phase (c.900-800 BC).



Whilst the hammer is sub-rectangular in cross-section, viewed in plan from above the hammer is rectangular, and the convex sides are sub-rectangular. The hammer is section waisted, expanding into a flared collar, with four concentric grooves (or three bands or 'ribs') encircling the base of the flared socket end. The socket mouth is sub-circular whilst the interior void appears to taper toward the hammer end. Casting lines running along the upper and lower face of the hammer indicate that it was cast in two parts. These casting marks have mostly been removed or ground out; however, they are clearly visible at the point at which the four concentric grooves meet. The hammer tapers sharply from the socket toward the mid-point, before again flaring more gently toward the hammer face. The striking face of the hammer shows evidence of extensive use-wear, with a pronounced uneven slant visible, together with numerous nicks and gouges.



The hammer has a dark brown patina and, with the noted exception of contemporary use-wear, is in excellent condition with no obvious signs of active corrosion.



Discussion:



The earliest socketed hammers are recovered from Middle Bronze age contexts, such as those described by Rowlands (1976a and b) and Eogan (1964 274-5) from the Irish 'Bishopland Phase' (approximately contemporary to the Taunton Phase, c.1400-1250BC). However, hammers are more commonly found in association with Late Bronze Age hoards (Rowlands, 1976), as the hammer above was. Burgess (1968, 19) notes that later examples are ""invariably embellished, usually with some form of collar"". The concentric ribs on the example under discussion here could be interpreted as a form of collar; the collar is, however, much clearer on the hammers recorded on the PAS database as YORYM-ABCCE1 and FAKL-9C9543. Nevertheless, the latter examples are the closet parallels thus far recorded by the PAS, particularly as they too have circular sockets. Burgess (ibid) further notes that few parallels exist for the ""longer socketed hammer"" in Northern Britain, of which the hammer described above is likely to be an example. However, it is noticeably shorter by c.20mm than similar long socketed hammers, including hammer LVPL-5A6D83. In common with the majority of these examples, and the remainder of Hoard 2015-T566/DUR-1F5057 (with which the hammer was found; see below) a date consistent with the Late Bronze Age Ewart Park Phase (c.900-800 BC) is likely. At the time of writing, the hammer constitutes the furthest north recorded example on the PAS database, and the first recovered from Co. Durham.



Note:



The hammer was found with Bronze Age Hoard (2015-T566; DUR-1F5057) and was initially thought to be unrelated. However, the object has since been identified as a late Bronze Age hammer, and has been reported as Treasure on the basis that is was found in the same place as, and had previously been together with, another object that is Treasure (that is, the hoard 2015-T566; DUR-1F5057) and thus falls under the stipulations of the 1996 Treasure Act.



Dimensions:



Overall length: 76.56mm



Height (hammer face): 24.28mm



Width (hammer face): 20.35mm



Height (waist): 18.94mm



Width (waist): 20.03mm



Socket diameter:



Outer: 26.68mm



Inner: 19.08



Depth (socket): 54.75mm



Thickness (socket): 4.59mm



Weight: 142g



References:



Burgess, C., 1968. Bronze age metalwork in northern England, c.1000 to 700 B.C. Oriel P. [for the Museum of Antiquities of the University and Society of Antiquities of Newcastle upon Tyne], Newcastle upon Tyne.



Eogan, G., 1964. The Later Bronze Age in Ireland in the light of recent research. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 30, 268-351. doi:10.1017/S0079497X00015152



Rowlands, M.J., 1976a. The production and distribution of metalwork in the middle bronze age in southern Britain Vol 1, British Archaeological Reports.



Rowlands, M.J., 1976b. The production and distribution of metalwork in the middle bronze age in southern Britain. Vol 2, British Archaeological Reports.","Found with dispersed Bronze Age Hoard DUR-1F5057 (2015-T566) and initially discounted. 



Later recognised as a Bronze age hammer.",3,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2015-07-14T23:00:00Z,2015-08-02T23:00:00Z,2017T550,,142,24.28,,,76.56,1,Benjamin Westwood,Benjamin Westwood,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Gilmonby,NZ0013,From a paper map,54.51230557,-2.00151149,DUR-4E1468,,DUR4E1468.jpg,DUR-4E1468,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DUR4E1468.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622764.jpg
856345,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"Looped palstave of Gr.III (Low-flanged, broad-bladed) type (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981). It dates broadly to the Middle Bronze Age and more specifically to the Taunton/early Penard phases (1400-1200 BC) (Needham et al. 1997).



This is a complete palstave with leaf-shaped flanges that rise from the septum below the butt to about the height of the stop. It has a long slender butt, with a straight end and a thick septum (c.10mm). In plan, the flanges form a straight, rectangular stop ridge and taper in very slightly toward the butt end. A thick side loop is positioned on one side overlapping the stop ridge.



The blade is broad and crinoline in shape, with a curved cutting edge and faint signs of a bevelled edge. The bevelling and curvature of the cutting edge indicates it was worked, which is supported by the slightly asymmetrical form of the edge. This may be the resulting of casting, uneven working or resharpening. There are no macroscopic sharpening or grinding striations visible. Both faces are adorned with a raised midrib, extending from below the stop about halfway down the blade (44.6mm long); it is more pronounced on one face than the other.



There is a lateral flattened ridge down each side of the palstave, which indicates the remains of the casting flash which has been ground and hammered down, though it is particularly prominent around the side loop. Furthermore, there is a shallow shrinkage hollow in the septum at the stop on one face, which is a common flaw for palstaves, caused as the metal cools after casting.



The palstave is covered in an even, consistent pale brown patina preserving the original surface. Active pale green corrosion is visible in small patches, particularly around the edges and fresh bronze can be seen on one side of the cutting edge indicating post-recovery damage. Patches of dark blue corrosion product can be seen on the septum on one face.



Dimensions: Length: 167mm; Blade width 65.1mm; Butt width: 18.3mm; Stop breadth: 35.3mm; Stop width: 22.7mm; Flange breadth: 33.1mm; Flange height: 10mm; Weight: 503.4g.","A wide variation of palstave types are known from throughout the Middle Bronze Age and this example has characteristics most similar with those from the Taunton phase (1400-1275 cal. BC), but could extend into the Penard phase (1275-1100 cal. BC) (Needham et al. 1997).

Close parallels for this palstave are difficult to identify though. While it appears to fall broadly within Schmidt and Burgess' (1981) Group III Low-flanged, it does not conform to any of their sub-types or variants. The combination of a broad crinoline blade, side loop and midrib is unusual. Additionally, the breadth of the flanges is quite large (33.1mm) - typically one would expect low flange breadth to fall below 31mm. In southern Britain, it most closely matches Rowlands (1976) Class 5, Group 1 of broad-bladed looped palstaves. Parallels with lower flanges can be seen in his catalogue from Watchingwell on the Isle of Wight (Rowlands 1976, No.576, Pl.31) and Northamptonshire (ibid, No.811, Pl.30). A similar palstave from Wales is recorded from Llantwit Major, Vale of Glamorgan (NMGW-CF16C3), though that example has a flared, triangular blade and lower flanges.



The most similar example in terms of form and dimensions was found at Priddy, Somerset (SOM-1AD5D4), which was found associated with another palstave and found close to the Priddy gold ornament hoard, dating to the Taunton phase (Minnitt and Payne 2012). Deep flanges and crinoline blades are a typical feature of palstaves from South West England and this palstave may indicate influence from this area.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,503.4,,,,167,1,Matthew Knight,Matthew Knight,Wales,Powys,Powys,Llanfrynach,SO0625,From finder,51.91556676,-3.36808188,NMGW-609095,,2017142.jpg,Middle Bronze Age bronze palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2017142.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622078.jpg
856522,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age cast copper alloy razor: perforated sub-triangular lug or loop at the surviving top of the upper edge, notched at both edges on both faces at the junction with the broken sub-oval remains of the blade, all of cutting edge missing. Extant length 24mm. Extant width 20mm. Maximum thickness 2.5mm. Weighs 1.97g. Probably part of the central section of a razor of Piggot's (1946) Class III, exotic ie Continental types. c.800 - c.600 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-15T23:00:00Z,2017-06-18T23:00:00Z,,,1.79,,,2.5,24,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Hindringham,TF9837,From finder,52.89397214,0.94197793,NMS-74B8EE,,62154_74B8EE_LBA_Razor.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age razor,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/62154_74B8EE_LBA_Razor.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1150124.jpg
856523,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1600,1300,"A copper alloy flanged axehead of Early Middle Bronze Age date of later short-flanged axe of Type Ulcrome. The axehead dates to c. Acton Park II / Taunton phase of early MBA which corresponds to Needham typology date is c. 1600-1300 BC.



The blade of the palstave is a splayed/crescent-shaped, with convex expanding sides, and a convex cutting edge, which is damaged. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being at the stop ridge. The blade is 90.31mm in length. The width of the cutting edge measures 38.21mm. The thickness of the blade is 12.63mm 



The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and lozenge shaped in section (profile).



The palstave has a mid-brown patina with patches of light green corrosion showing through in places - it is abraded and appears to have suffered damage in the plough soil.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,149.57,,,12.63,90.31,1,Andrew Agate,Andrew Agate,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Lesbury,NU2310,From finder,55.38343665,-1.63853831,NCL-74C5D5,,FlangedAxe.jpg,,Tyne and Wear Museums,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/andyagate/FlangedAxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622055.jpg
856829,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, probably from the Late Bronze Age or possibly Earliest Iron Age (950-750BC). The spear head is ogival in shape, with a raised triangular sectioned mid rib running down either side of the blade. Just before the blade widens there is a shallow dip on the mid rib on either side. The tip of the spear head is missing, and the edges of the blade is worn and broken. In cross section the shaft is lozenge shaped, with the flat wings of the blade extending out on each side. One edge of the socket is slightly thicker, making the socket slightly offset. The blade narrows towards the blade-socket junction, then extends into the socket. There is a worn break across the socket, which would have fitted over the haft. It is also possible that it was pegged, however this is part is now missing. The almost diamond-shaped midrib cross section may suggest a very late date in the Bronze Age or possibly an Earliest Iron Age date, i.e. 8th century. The spearhead measures 57.9mm in length, 17.9mm in width, and 8.6mm at maximum thickness along the mid rib. The socket measures 6.1mm in diameter. It weighs 14.65g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-03T00:00:00Z,,,,14.65,,6.1,8.6,57.9,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Chinnor,SP7302,,51.71199276,-0.94482772,BUC-8CCAA3,,BUC8CCAA3.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC8CCAA3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622179.jpg
856835,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of the tip of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead of the stepped type, dating from Late Bronze Age (1150 - 800 BC). The fragment is lozenge in cross section, and has three steps running out from either side of the central rounded ridge. The tip is slightly broken and worn, it is now blunt and rounded. There is a worn break on the opposite end, the inside of the spearhead is a dark brown red colour. The outside of the spear head has a dark green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-02T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Chinnor,SP7402,,51.71186194,-0.93035683,BUC-8CF4F9,,BUC8CF4F9.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC8CF4F9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622182.jpg
856844,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Probably an incomplete Late Bronze Age chisel or leather-working knife dating from the 10th-9th century BC. Only the blade and part of the collar survive. The artefact was composed of a wide, triangular/crescent-shaped blade and a rectangular-sectioned tang. Tang and blade were separated by a now very worn collar.



These artefacts tend to be identified as chisels, i.e. wood-working tools, such as in WREX-9F314E. However, they resemble (in size and shape) Earliest Iron Age so-called socketed chisels (SUR-2B05A8) which have now been reinterpreted as leather-working knives. Thus, the earlier tanged examples may be better identified as leather-working knives owing to their often thin, wide blades (IOW-383C47 and WAW-CEC22C).



The chisel measures 37.9mm in length, 41.1mm in width, 5.7mm at maximum thickness at the tang, and weighs 19.61g.



Similar knives are still in used today: http://www.knipknives.com/leather.php",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-02T00:00:00Z,,,,19.61,,,5.7,37.9,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Chinnor,SP7402,,51.71186194,-0.93035683,BUC-8D28F7,,BUC8D28F72.jpg,Late Bronze Age chisel,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC8D28F72.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/623173.jpg
856846,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-2300,"An incomplete copper alloy palstave axe head dating from the Mid Bronze Age, c.1250-1000 BC. The axe is rectangular is shape in the body, widening slightly towards the cutting edge, which is sub-circular and curved. A hammered and trimmed casting seam is visible. In profile the cutting edge narrows to a rounded point, it is narrow which suggests that it is probably a transitional palstave. In cross section the axe head is triangular in shape. There is a worn break across the body of the axe head, which is rectangular in cross section. The axe head has a dark green patina. The palstave measures 32.0,mm in length, 28.4mm in width across the blade, 30.2mm in width across the body, 16.3mm in maximum thickness, and weighs 105g.","The style of the cutting edge corresponds with the Taunton and Penard assemblages (predominately Taunton) - which fits into Needham periodisation as Period 5 (Burgess Metalworking stage IX). However this isn't definite due to only a small amount being visible. - P. Reavill, pers comm, 21/07/2017",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-02T00:00:00Z,,,,105,,,16.3,32,1,Dot Boughton,Arwen Wood,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Chinnor,SP7402,,51.71186194,-0.93035683,BUC-8D2F29,,BUC8D2F29.jpg,Bronze age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC8D2F29.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622185.jpg
856896,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,A fragment of a possible well and jet perhaps of Bronze Age to Roman date. The jet has a circular section of 11mm diameter which expands into an incomplete conical body 21.7mm wide. The identificaiton is not certain: the object appears too symmetrical to be the byproduct of metal casting.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.14,,,,,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,GPS (from the finder),51.54292534,-1.16504412,SUR-A71C19,,B17685.jpg,Bronze Age to Roman: Metalworking debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/B17685.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/625273.jpg
856952,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy rapier or dirk hilt fragment with patches of original surface surviving. The remains of two rivet holes survive only partially on the upper heavily worn and eroded external edge of the hilt. The hilt is broadly is trapezoidal in shape. The width of the blade at the break is 16.79mm and the measurement between the rivet holes is 25.89mm. There is no evidence of a raised or cast mid-rib to the blade



The distinction between dirks and rapiers is difficult when the fragment is as small as this example - the main difference between a dirk and a rapier is that a Rapier is over 30cm long and therefore considered to be more of a thrusting weapon whilst a Dirk is under 30cm and so more useful for stabbing. However it is often difficult to identify whether a blade is a dirk or a rapier as they are frequently found in a fragmentary state. From the size of this example it is more likely to have been from a dirk (dagger). Good PAS examples can be seen from Bampton, Oxfordshire (GLO-036A39), and Flawborough, Nottinghamshire (DENO-C2BC23). The findspot of this example - in the environs and watercatchment area of the River Mole - is common for such metalwork.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.03,,,4.38,64.02,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Elmbridge,Cobham and Downside,TQ1058,GPS (from the finder),51.31049348,-0.4232012,SUR-B671B3,,17944.jpg,Bronze Age: Rapier fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/17944.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/631294.jpg
857031,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"A small cast socketed (probably side-looped) spearhead, dating probably from the early Middle Bronze Age, c.1600-1400BC.



The object has a broken blade of indented quadrilateral section. There is a prominent longitudinal mid-rib on both sides and abraded cutting edges. Approximately one third of the blade has been broken off. A deep sub-circular socket of 6.04mm diameter is present. Much of the original surface has corroded and is lost; however, that which survives has a mid-brown patina. the remiainder of the object has a mottled green-grey patina.



The head measures 5.9mm in length and 15.96mm wide at its widest point. The blade is 10.07mm thick at the rib and weighs 15.5g.



It is most likely that the object is a spearhead as described above, the spear having being broken at the base resulting in the loss of the side loops. As such the record for similar spearhead LANCUM-7609C0 states that: ""Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, c. 1500-1150BC. The spearhead was likely to have been short and similar to Savory (1980) nos. 227 - 230, which Savory argues are of Acton Park metal, although no. 228 gave an analysis suggesting Penard metal. A side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has been radio-carbon dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating.""



Whilst rare, there exists the possibility that the object could be an arrowhead. Information on the database states that ""Socketed arrowheads, whilst originally noted as being absent from UK finds have appeared across England, with the majority being found in the Midlands, with an example each from North Yorkshire and Shropshire. These artefacts are often found heavily corroded and thus can easily be mistaken for a small spearhead."" Examples can be found at SWYOR-19E2B1 and WMID-3AE711.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-19T00:00:00Z,,,,15.5,,6.04,10.07,45.9,1,Ann Lipscombe,Ann Lipscombe,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Thirsk,SE4481,From finder,54.22283895,-1.32665685,DUR-C7E2A6,,DURC7E2A6.jpg,DUR-C7E2A6,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DURC7E2A6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/627898.jpg
857250,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A length of gold ribbon, apparently complete. Both long sides taper gradually towards a rounded terminal which is now hooked over. The corners of the  opposite end are both bent over and flattened. Multiple transverse ridges suggest that the ribbon has been folded multiply at some point in its life and then rolled flat again. No ornament is present.



Dimensions: Length 44.84mm; width 11.12mm; weight 1.83g.



Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis undertaken by the Science department at the British Museum indicated a surface composition of approximately 89-92% gold, 7-10% silver, the rest being copper.","It is difficult to identify this fragment as a particular object type, although it may belong to a range of ribbon or strip ornaments of Bronze Age date. Several precedents and parallels are available, for instance see Treasure case 2013 T674 (from Oxfordshire), and reference and comparanda there within.



Discussion: This object is more than 300 years old and is composed of more than 10% precious metal. It therefore should be considered Treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act 1996.",3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2017-06-28T23:00:00Z,,2017T644,,1.83,,,,44.84,1,David W Williams,David W Williams,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,St. Mary Bourne,SU3852,From finder,51.26589508,-1.45673378,SUR-DE6DF2,,DSCF9134.JPG,Bronze Age: Gold ribbon,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/DSCF9134.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622463.jpg
857463,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Middle Bronze age copper alloy spear fragment, Length: 60 mm, width: 18 mm, thickness: 6 mm, weight: 14.27 grams. The object is a central section of a spear head and has a triangular form and a circular cross sectioned central rib which runs through the fragment, becoming narrower towards the top (as shown). The edges which emerge from this are badly damaged and the breaks appear ancient. Overall, the shape is consistent with a side-looped socketed spear head, but not enough of the object remains for definite identification. See also DENO-447EC6 and YORYM-564F27 for similar objects.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-25T00:00:00Z,2017-07-05T23:00:00Z,,,14.27,,,6,60,1,Wendy Scott,Elisabeth Janovsky,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Walton on the Wolds,SK5819,,52.76549412,-1.14185879,LEIC-F6B444,,LEICF6B444.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy spear fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEICF6B444.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624547.jpg
857591,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Early Bronze Age hoard of two incomplete flanged axes and one spearhead.



1. and 2. Class 5Db Long-flanged axe (2 conjoining fragments)



Dimensions: surviving length blade fragment 1 - 71.9mm; surviving length butt fragment 2 - 28.2mm; combined total length approx.108.8mm; blade width (fragment 1) - 47.9mm; butt width fragment 2 - 21.0mm; maximum thickness at flanges (fragment 1 ) - 17.5mm; maximum height of flanges (fragment 1) - 3.0mm; weight fragment 1 - 154.1g; fragment 2 - 28.3g; combined weight 182.4g.



These are two conjoining fragments of a complete, slender, bronze flanged axe with cast flanges. The sides of the axe are straight and near parallel, although there is a subtle impression of a curved and waisted effect, created by the curvature of the sides and inward curving effect of the flanges. The sides curve out suddenly to an expanded blade with a crescentic cutting edge. The butt shows some curvature, although with sub-angular corners, rather than truly arched form. Approximately 54mm from the butt end, there is a median bevel across both faces. The flanges rise approximately 3mm above the septum on each face. The sides of the axe are evenly curved and undecorated. Striations running parallel with the blade edge on the blade bevels indicate that the axes was sharpened for use. The break surfaces on the two fragments are soil covered and do not appear to be recent. The overall patina is dark green, although with extensive mottled patches of lighter blue-green and pitting evident on all faces and along edges.



3. Long flanged axe butt fragment (Class 5)



Dimensions: surviving length 62.0mm; butt width 19.8mm; maximum thickness at flanges 13.4mm; maximum surviving height of flanges approx. 1.5mm; width at break 24.3mm; weight 79.7g.



This is a butt and mid-section of a slender bronze flanged axe with cast flanges. The sides are straight but slightly divergent. The butt is high arched and with a pinched tapering form in side view. The flanges are worn and rise a maximum of 1.5mm above the septum. The sides are curved and undecorated, although one side has slight angularity suggesting uneven hammering. Approximately 47.5mm from the butt, there is a median bevel across both faces. Across the break, the axe reveals an asymmetry in cross-section, with one side and flanges narrower than the other. On one side, the thickness, including flanges, is 13.4mm and the septum is 9.7mm thick, while on the other, the thickness including flanges is 12.0mm and the thickness of the septum is 9.1mm. Some of this asymmetry, most marked near the break, may have been created by the forcible twisting and breaking of the axe, causing localised deformation of the metal. The break surface is soil covered and the break was made in antiquity. The axe has a dark grey-green patination, with areas of mottled pitting with lighter blue-green corroded surfaces.



4. Type 2A Decorated Early Pegged and Socketed Spearhead 



Dimensions: length 196.0mm; maximum width blade 33.8mm; external diameter socket 22.8mm (side to side) by 22.1mm top to bottom; maximum blade thickness (base) 13.2mm; depth of socket approx.. 82.5mm; diameter peg holes (1) 6.8mm (side to side) by 4.7mm (top to bottom); (2) 7.2mm (side to side) by 4.4mm (top to bottom); weight 179.9g



This is a complete bronze spearhead with a triangular shaped blade, tapering near the point. The blade has a narrow and prominent lozenge midrib and the blade is enclosed by a raised bevel, with deep blade channels and a V-shaped raised base. The base of the blade edges merge with the oval-shaped socket with shallow concave curves. The socket retains angularity down both sides, in line with the blade edges, only becoming indistinct near the mouth. The base of the socket shaft extends only to the base of the blade and the blade is solid cast. Near the socket mouth (5-7mm from the mouth edge), are tow oval shaped peg-holes, each with recessed external borders.



The socket of the spearhead has been decorated on both sides, although it is better preserved on one face and indistinct on the other. At the top and beneath the V-shaped blade base, an incised V-shaped pair of parallel lines, approximately 2.5m apart, is infilled with short parallel lines. Beneath this, a banded decorative schema is aligned at right angles to the axis of the spear and parallel with the socket mouth edge. The first decorative band is a single zone of infilled chevrons, enclosed by two incised lines approximately 3mm apart. Between this and the next zone of decoration is a plain band, bordered by a second double band of decoration, 5mm wide and comprising three parallel incised lines, each infilled with angled and parallel lines all of the same alignment. Following a further plain band, is a third, single zone of infilled chevrons, defined by two lines. The fourth and final banded decoration, comprises two linear incised bands, with a herringbone infilled pattern of parallel lines. At the lower margin, bordered by the socket mouth edge, a short stretch of shorter incised, and angled dash marks defines the edge. The upper band of decoration abuts the lower margins of each peg-hole, although it is not possible to say whether the decoration was applied before or after the peg-holes were shaped.



There are striations visible on the blade bevel, running parallel to the blade edge in places, suggesting sharpening for use. On one face, one of the lateral blade channels has been markedly deepened with an angular striation, possibly created in antiquity during preparation of the blade edges. On one upper socket face, there is a rectangular shaped punched depression set into the face. Localised deformation above and below this, suggests this may have been deliberate and forcible damage, either during use, or immediately before deposition. There is a split in the wall of the socket mouth on one side. One or two scratches and scrapes appear to have been made during the recent past, during ploughing or retrieval from the soil. The surfaces of the spearhead are extensively pitted and the spearhead has a dark grey-green patination.","The two Class 5 long-flanged axes and the Early Pegged and Socketed Spearhead within this artefact group may all be dated to the same Arreton phase (Period 4, Metalwork Assemblage VI) of the Early Bronze Age (e.g. Northover unpublished, 104-13; Burgess & Cowen 1972; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 70-5; Needham et al 1985, iii; Needham 1996, 132-3; Rohl & Needham 1998, 91-2). They are contemporary with the Wessex 2 rich grave tradition and Camerton-Snowshill dagger and knife series across southern Britain, now independently radiocarbon dated to 1750/1700-1500 BC (e.g. Burgess & Cowen 1972, 179-80; Needham & Woodward 2008, 7, Fig. 3; Needham et al 2010, 364-5 & Table 1; Woodward & Hunter 2015, 462).



The complete flanged-axe (Nos. 1 & 2 above) best correlates with Type Arreton long-flanged axes most densely distributed across southern, eastern and south-western England (e.g. Burgess & Cowen 1972, 176-8, Figs. 6 & 7; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 72-5, Cats. 408-25B; Needham 1985; Needham et al 1985, iii; Northover unpublished Cats. 95-108). When the critical measurements for these flanged axes are applied within Needham's metrical classification of Class 5 axes for central and southern Britain (Needham 1983, 198-250), it appears to fit within the parameters of Class 5Db axes, with their narrow blade edges, while its relative flange height of 0.03714 sits within the range for true Class 5 flanged axes (Needham 1983, 65-6 & 198, Figs. 72-6).



The butt fragment of a long-flanged axe (Nos. 3 above) also exhibits attributes most closely correlated with a Type Arreton long-flanged axe: narrow form, cast flanges, a high arched butt with pinched tapering form in side section and a median bevel (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 72). The surviving flange heights, at 1.5mm, are low for a true Class 5 flanged axe, although they may once have been higher and they do look to be cast rather than hammered. Given the absence of a blade end for this fragmentary axe, it is not possible to allocate it to sub-class on metrical grounds (Needham 1983, 198-250). The asymmetry of this flanged axe in cross-section is interesting and may indicate forcible twisting and breaking prior to deposition.



The spearhead (No. 4 above) may be identified as an Early Socketed Spearhead of Group 2 and Type 2A of Pegged form (Davis 2012, 40-1). This example may be closely paralleled with examples from Colwick, Nottinghamshire, Twickenham, London West Row Fen, Suffolk and Stow cum Quy, Cambridgeshire (Davis 2012, 41, Cats. 50, 53-5, Plates 5-6). Decorated examples of both pegged and looped forms of Early Socketed Spearheads are a repeating occurrence. A number have banded decoration on their sockets, while infilled chevron designs, as one the Wenvoe example, have also been previously observed (Davis 2012, Cats. 49, 50, 52, 54, 60, 64, 66, 74-6 & Pls.5-7).



The finder's account of the discovery of these artefacts indicate that the two conjoining fragments of flanged axe (Nos. 1 & 2 above) were found within 2m of each other at a depth of 20-25cm beneath the surface. The flanged axe butt fragment (No. 3 above) was found at a similar depth but approximately 8-10m to the south-south-west and following the line of modern ploughing of the field. The spearhead (No. 4 above) was found at a very shallow depth of just 2-3cm (1 inch), immediately after later deep ploughing of the field. It was located some 13-15m away from the first two flanged axe fragments, to the north-north west and nearer to the field hedge line and lane bordering the field to the north. It is probable that these artefacts had been buried together and at the same time during the Early Bronze Age as a hoard group, possibly in a shallow and isolated pit. The original hoard was probably disturbed and dispersed by the farmer during recent ploughing activity, who was also the finder in this instance.



Authors



Adam Gwilt - Principal Curator: Prehistory, Department of History & Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales



Mark Lodwick - Portable Antiquities Scheme Wales (PAS Cymru) Co-ordinator",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-08-24T23:00:00Z,2014-08-25T23:00:00Z,2015TW03,,,,,,,3,Adam Gwilt,Adam Gwilt,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Wenvoe,ST1373,From finder,51.44927745,-3.25335867,NMGW-0B9997,,DH009578.jpg,Wenvoe Community Hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/DH009578.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/622815.jpg
857956,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard of two spearheads and five socketed axes.



1. Plain Pegged spearhead, with lanceolate blade
Dimensions: surviving length 146.3mm; maximum surviving blade width 44.7mm; surviving blade length 115.7mm; maximum surviving external diameter of socket 26.5mm (side to side) by 26.2mm (top to bottom); maximum surviving internal diameter of socket 21.2mm (side to side) by 21.1mm (top to bottom); surviving depth of socket approx. 93.0mm; diameter of peg-holes approx. 5.8mm; surviving weight 142.6g.

Lanceolate shaped pegged spearhead with incomplete socket below peg-holes. The blade has a pronounced central rib, which tapers markedly at the lower blade, rather than tapering evenly along the blade. The socket is slightly sub-angular at top, base and sides, giving a socket cross-section which is not perfectly circular and has very slight angles. The blade has bevelled edges and at the widest point of the blade, the wing to bevel outline appears to have a slight change of angle, from a continuous convex curve, however there is no break in the slightly convex curve of the upper blade. The spearhead is of medium length, with blade wings of modest width, but marked thickness. The casting seam on the socket is visible but has been carefully filed or hammered down. The peg-holes appear to be near circular, although only part of their diameters survive, as the socket and mouth end has been broken away across the peg-holes. On the blade wings and bevels, striations parallel with the rib and blade edges are evident, suggesting sharpening and preparing for use. The spearhead appears slightly bent in side-section, suggesting impact during use or retrieval from the ground. The artefact has a grey-green patina, with pale powdery green, tip, edges and at the socket break. On the lower blade surfaces there are patches of green and blue concretions.



2. Plain Pegged spearhead fragment, with lanceolate blade 
Dimensions: surviving length 134.8mm; maximum surviving blade width 40.5mm; surviving blade length 134.8mm; surviving internal diameter of midrib aperture at base of blade 16.1mm (side to side) by 14.7mm (top to bottom); surviving depth of socket approx. 84.0mm; surviving weight 113.8g.

Lanceolate shaped pegged spearhead blade, with tip and socket missing. The blade has a pronounced central rib, which tapers suddenly at the lower blade, rather than tapering evenly along the blade. The mid-rib aperture at the base of the blade is slightly oval, widest from side to side. Traces of blade bevels can be seen towards the base of the blade, however most have not survived. The spearhead was once of long and narrow proportions, longer than the other spearhead. Marked linear striations can be observed at the base margins of the mid-rib, and there are also less marked striations on the blade wings, with an alignment parallel to the mid-rib and blade edges. The spearhead has a green patina, with areas on light green powdery surface along blade-edges and breaks. Both blade surfaces have areas of copper carbonate concretions adhering.



3. South Wales Variant type socketed axe 
Dimensions: surviving length 100.8mm; surviving blade width 39.5mm; width below loop 39.5mm; surviving external mouth dimensions 49.6 by 38.2mm; internal mouth dimensions 31.7 by 28.6mm; depth of socket approx. 82.0mm; surviving weight 191.8g.

A near complete slender axe, with one face heavily damaged and missing original surfaces and unstable and heavily eroded blade edge and mouth. The axe has a prominent mouth moulding, from which a narrow loop descends. Three parallel ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face, continuing down four-fifths of the remaining length of the blade, almost to the blade facet. The ribs are prominent but discontinuous, suggesting the mould pieces used to cast the axe were old. The face edges have also been raised, to give the effect of a five ribbed axe. The axe is rectangular in section, but slender, the sides of the axe parallel down to the damaged blade edge. The mouth is rectangular in shape and heavily eroded, making runner stubs difficult to discern, however one raised area, opposite the loop side, suggests a runner stub. The socket is misaligned with the exterior of the axe, with a small hole on one lower blade face indicating a differential thinning in wall thickness in places. The casting seams down both sides are prominent, but slightly blunted by hammering and the excess flashing within the loop was never trimmed, perhaps hinting that the axe may never have been used before being buried. Original surfaces have a green-brown patina, while eroded surfaces are light green, unstable and powdery. The axe is in poor state, showing laminating and cracking of original surfaces remaining. On the interior surface of the socket, there is an area of blue corrosion surface.



4. South Wales type socketed axe 
Dimensions: surviving length 92.6mm; surviving blade width 44.1mm; width below loop 37.1mm; external mouth dimensions 50.5 by 39.5mm; internal mouth dimensions 31.1 by 28.0mm; dimensions projecting runner stub (1) 9.7 by 5.4mm; height 1.0mm; dimensions runner scars (2) 8.6 by 4.1mm; (3) 6.7 by 4.1mm; depth of socket approx. 68.0mm; surviving weight 209.0g.

A near complete axe with broken loop with concave, diverging sides, flaring towards the blade end. The axe has a prominent mouth moulding from which the narrow loop descends. Three converging ribs descend from the moulding on each face, extending down two thirds of the surviving blade. These are ill-defined, but continuous ribs, hinting that the mould pieces used to cast this axe were old. The axe is sub rectangular in section, though the upper face edges are sub-rounded. The casting seams down each side are prominent, having only received cursory hammering preparation, while the flash beneath the loop was never trimmed, suggesting the axe may never have been used before being buried. The heavy mouth is sub-oval in external plan, while the internal aperture is sub-rectangular. One runner stub and two runner scars are evident around the mouth, indicating a four-runner casting technology. Along the surviving blade facet on both sides, there are striations running parallel with the blade edge, suggesting some preparation of the blade took place. Across the mid to lower end of one face, a structural crack is evident, running parallel with mouth and blade edge and continuing as far as the mid-point casting seam. This appears to have been a failure in the casting process, relating to one half of the mould. A further crack descends from the mouth down the same face, but this may have been damage caused since burial. On the reverse side, there are two small surface pits, suggesting air bubbles trapped within the original casting. The original surfaces of the axe have a grey-green patina, while the blade edge, parts of the mouth, loop break and small areas of faces have powdery light-green eroded surfaces.



5. Ribbed socketed axe fragment 
Dimensions: surviving length 97.1mm; surviving blade width 48.2mm; width below loop 38.9mm; internal mouth dimensions at break approx. 32.6 by 27.3mm; depth of socket approx. 70.0mm; surviving weight 172.6g.

Large axe fragment missing mouth and loop. The sides are concave, flaring outwards slightly towards the blade end. The axe has a markedly rounded body, with an oval shaped cross-section and rounded face edges. Near the break, there is evidence of a flared mouth-moulding, but this is subtle and faint, rather than prominent. Three well-defined and near parallel ribs descend from the moulding down both faces of the blades, extending down three-quarters of the length of the surviving blade. Between these ribs there are feint and smooth ridges and grooves in the surfaces, aligned parallel with the ribs. These indicate probable shaping irregularities in the walls of the mould halves used to cast this axe. The casting seams down each side are visible, but have been hammered down and on one side, hammer facets can be observed along the surface. On one side, where original surface survives, striations can been seen on the blade facet running parallel with the blade edge, suggesting the blade was prepared. The original surfaces of the axe have a green-brown patina, while the upper face, upper break and blade edges have powdery light-green eroded surfaces. In the lower socket, there are green surface carbonate concretions on one side.



6. Ribbed socketed axe fragment - probable South Wales type 
Dimensions: surviving length 88.1mm; surviving blade width 43.8mm; width below loop 38.6mm; depth of socket approx. 70.0mm; surviving weight 130.7g.

Large fragment of a ribbed socketed axe, missing one side, mouth and loop. The axe has straight and slightly divergent sides, with slight expanding at the blade end. The axe has a blocky and rectangular shaped body in cross-section, and angled face edges, with a prominent out-splayed mouth moulding. Three convergent ribs descend from the underside of the prominent mouth moulding on the surviving face, and extending down three quarters of the surviving length of the blade. On the opposite face, the ends of three ribs can be seen just below the break point. The casting seams are visible down both sides of the axe, through were hammered down, while a lower loop stub survives on one side. Slight denting to the blade surface, just below the break on one side hints at the possibility that this axe may have been broken through hammering prior to burial and the break edges here are non-eroded and soil covered. Large parts of the face have a black surface patina, possibly deliberately coloured and applied by the makers. The lower blade has a grey-green patina, while the blade edge and parts of the mouth have powdery light-green eroded surfaces. On the mouth, one small area of break shows exposed and fresh bronze, suggesting the mouth was clipped and accidentally broken by the finder during its retrieval.



7. South Wales type socketed axe 
Dimensions: surviving length 91.3mm; surviving blade width 40.3mm; width below loop 40.1mm; surviving external mouth dimensions 52.3 by (36.5)mm; surviving internal mouth dimensions 35.3 by (25.4mm); dimensions projecting runner stubs (1) 9.7 by 4.8mm; height 1.0mm; (2) 9.2 by 4.7mm; height 0.5mm; depth of socket approx. 56.0mm; surviving weight 227.9g.

Near complete socketed axe, missing part of mouth and original blade edge, with slightly divergent but straight sides and a rectangular shaped cross-section. The axe has a prominent mouth moulding, from which a narrow loop descends. Three near parallel ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face. On one face, the ribs are short, extending less than half the length of the surviving blade, while on the other, the ribs are slightly placed at an angle to the side faces and are longer, descending down two-thirds of the surviving length of the blade. The ribs are not well-defined, suggested that the mould parts used to cast this axe were old. The heavy mouth has an oval-shaped exterior edge, while the interior aperture is sub-rectangular with rounded edges. Two runner stubs survive at 90 degrees to each other, indicating this axe was cast with a four-runner casting technology. The casting seams are prominent down both sides of the axe, but were briefly hammered down to remove sharp edges. On one side, there are angled striations on the lower blade surface, but these were probably created after burial, rather than being evidence for preparation of the axe for use. The original surfaces have a grey-green patina, while there are areas of powdery light-green surface around the mouth, along the blade edge and in eroded patches on one lower blade face.","The two bronze spearheads (Nos. 1 & 2, above) may be identified as of the Plain Pegged spearhead form with lanceolate blades. Plain Pegged spearheads, as an artefact class, generally span in date from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age and dating to between 1300-800BC (e.g. Greenwell and Brewis 1909, 463; Ehrenberg 1977, 3, 13-14 & Fig. 1; O'Connor 1980, 100-101, 138-41; Northover unpublished, 271, 283). In Wales, early examples of similar Plain Pegged socketed spearheads are found in the Penard, Guilsfield and Princetown hoards, the first dating to 1300-1150BC and the second and third dating to 1020-920BC (Barnwell 1864; Savory 1965; 1972; 1980, 117-19, Cats. 266, 268 & 272; Figs. 32-8 & 40). However, they become most common as associations within hoards of slightly later Ewart Park date, dating to 1000-800BC. The wooden hafts of a number of Plain Pegged spearheads in England have also been radiocarbon dated to the Ewart Park period (Needham et al 1997, 93-8). Therefore, these spearheads are thought on stylistic grounds to date to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000BC and 800BC (Needham 1996, 136-7 & Fig. 3).

Three of the socketed axes reported may be identified as South Wales Type socketed axes or Variant forms (No. 3, 4 & 7, above), while another fragment is probably part of another South Wales type socketed axe (No. 6, above). The combination of out-splayed mouth, high placed and ephemeral loop, blocky rectangular form, ribs descending from the underside of the collar and poorly finished state following casting are all diagnostic elements, in combination helping to identify it to this type (e.g. Needham 1981, 31; Northover unpublished, 259-60; Burgess 2012, 239 & Fig. 1). These socketed axes and their Variant forms a frequent and dominating element within Ewart Park hoards of Late Bronze Age date across south-east Wales (e.g. McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980, 49, 120-2; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004).



One ribbed axe fragment (No. 5, above) is not entirely diagnostic to type, missing its mouth and loop. Its rounded body and oval-shaped cross-section, together with a gradually flaring mouth, without a step-change in slope, are features which suggest that this was not a South Wales Type socketed axe of classic form, although it is possible that this may have been from a South Wales Variant form. Alternatively, it is equally possible that this may once have been an example of a Class B - Southern English ribbed axe, of B3 form with three ribs and trumpet-mouthed (Needham 1990, 33 & 36, Fig. 4.23).



Authors



Adam Gwilt - Principal Curator: Prehistory, Department of History & Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales



Mark Lodwick - Portable Antiquities Scheme Wales (PAS Cymru) Co-ordinator



Steve Sell - Volunteer Finds Liaison Officer, Formerly Archaeology Project Officer at Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2015-03-01T00:00:00Z,2015-03-15T00:00:00Z,2015TRW4,,,,,,,1,Adam Gwilt,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llanharan,ST0082,From finder,51.52802606,-3.44292714,NMGW-70E941,,DH009679.jpg,Bronze Age hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/DH009679.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/623265.jpg
858124,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head, probably dating to c. 950-750 BC. The surviving section comprises of the cutting edge, now highly abraded, and blade, with the mouth, loop and collar all lost to an abraded, but patinated break. The axehead is broadly trapezoidal in plan, 82.3mm long and expanding from a 36.4mm wide at a worn break to 53.8mm wide at the cutting edge. The object is triangular in profile, tapering from 26.3mm thick at the break to 21.3mm at approximately the mid-point, before continuing to terminate in a point at the cutting edge. In cross section the axehead is rectangular, wit the internal socket being sub-rectangular in cross section. The walls of the axehead appear relatively thin, c. 3mm thick, although thickneing into the corners. The socket survives to a depth of 58.0mm.



The sides of the axehead expand in a gradual, shallow curve, and although now worn, the cutting edge seems unlikely to have flared significantly and is convex. The faces of the axehead are plain, with no indication of ribs or other decoration. Raised casting seams are present on both sides, which appear to be unfaceted. With the exception of the cutting edge, where it has flaked away, the surface of the object survives well, with a rich brown patina.



Overall dimensions: length 82.3; width 53.8mm; thickness 26.3mm; weight: 217.39g.



The tapering, rectangular cross section of the blade and its lack of decoration would suggest that the axehead dates to the Late Bronze Age, contemporary with South-eastern type axes (Pearce 1984: 34), whilst most likely of the Ewart Park phase (compare, for example CAM-3FFFA1 and WMID-B61E05 on this database), given the fragmentary nature fo the axehead a more precise classification is difficult.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,2017-07-13T23:00:00Z,,,217.39,,,26.3,82.3,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Devon,Torridge,Broadwoodwidger,SX4089,GPS (from the finder),50.67860757,-4.26599355,DEV-7A77C7,,DEV7A77C7.JPG,Bronze age socketed axe fragment,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridgedev/DEV7A77C7.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/623401.jpg
858133,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard comprising 12 complete and fragmentary socketed axes.



1. South Wales type socketed axe
Dimensions: length 109.5mm; surviving blade width 51.3mm; width below loop 43.0mm; external mouth dimensions 58.8 by 46.5mm; internal mouth dimensions 34.5 by 26.0mm; dimensions of runner stubs (1) 10.6 by 7.3mm; height 0.2mm; (2) 11.7 by 8.1mm; height 1.0mm; (3) 9.3 by 5.5mm; height 0.2mm; dimensions of runner scar (4) 8.6 by unknown; depth of socket approx. 75.0mm; surviving weight 439.5g.

This is a virtually complete, heavy and long socketed axe with a blocky rectangular shaped cross-section. The sides are slightly divergent and with slight concave curves and little expansion and recurving at the blade end. The axe has a prominent and out-splayed mouth moulding, with a high and narrow loop descending from the underside. Three near parallel ribs descend from the moulding on each face, extending approximately down two-thirds of the face. On one face, the ribs are discontinuous and less well defined, suggesting one of the mould pieces used for casting the axe was old. The face edges are sub-angular. The mouth is heavy and wide topped, with a sub-rectangular shaped external shape and a sub-rectangular internal aperture with rounded corners. Three filed runner stubs and a runner scar are evident around the mouth, each located 90 degrees apart, indicating the axe was cast using a four-runner technology. The casting seams down each side are prominent, but have been rapidly hammered to remove sharp edges. The two mould halves are very slightly misaligned, creating a slight offset between the two halves, and making the width below the loop slightly wider than originally planned. Towards the blade end on the non-loop side, there is an excess of projecting metal, indicating a slight casting flaw, which would not have impacted on the functioning of the axe as a tool. There are small circular pits on the surfaces of the axe, probably created as bubbles within the bronze as it was cast. There are linear striations running along the blade bevel, parallel with the blade edge, indicating the axe was sharpened for use. One blade-edge side has been damaged and removed, however the rest of the blade edge has survived reasonably well. Most original surfaces of the axe have survived and the axe has a brown patina. There are small areas of lighter green and eroded surfaces, around the mouth along the ribs, on one upper side, along the outer loop and along parts of the blade edge and break.



2. Croxton type socketed axe
Dimensions: length 108.8mm; blade width 46.5mm; width below loop 36.6mm; surviving external mouth dimensions (43.5mm) by (35.3mm); surviving internal mouth dimensions (32.7mm) by (26.6mm); depth of collar 14.2mm; depth of socket approx. 64.0mm; surviving weight 302.4g.

This is a near complete, slender socketed axe with approximately one third of the mouth missing. The sides have slightly concave curves, with slight widening and flaring at the blade end. The axe has a wide and flat onset collar, the collar slightly everted, but the mouth does not flare nor have a projecting or bulbous top. A narrow loop descends from the lower collar band. Three near parallel ribs descend from the underside of the collar, extending down approximately two thirds of the length of the faces. The face edges are sub-angular, however the faces and sides have marked convex curvature to them, giving an overall rounded effect to the axe, with its sub-oval cross-section. The mouth is narrow with oval shaped in both external shape and internal aperture and there is no evidence of runner stubs or scars. Casting seams are evident down both sides, but not prominent and there is suggestion that they have been rapidly hammered down. On one upper face and side, there are large rounded depressions in the surface crated by air bubbles during the casting process, however these are minor flaws and would not impact upon the use of the axe. On the blade facets, there are parallel striations running parallel with the blade edge, indicating that the axe was sharpened in preparation for use. The break around the mouth and collar has a number of deep pits along it, suggesting that there may have been localised weakness here created by bubbling in the casting process. The original blade-edge is mostly present, with small nicks along its extent. The axe retains virtually all of its original surfaces and has a brown patina. On breaks and nicks, there are small areas of green and light green patina.



3. Croxton type socketed axe, with Yorkshire type affinities 
Dimensions: surviving length 79.0mm; surviving blade width 44.5mm; width below loop 33.7mm; external mouth dimensions 37.9 by 33.3mm; internal mouth dimensions 29.3 by 24.3mm; depth of collar 10.8mm; depth of socket approx. 65.0mm; surviving weight 203.4g.



This is a small and complete socketed axe with a rectangular-shaped cross-section, with straight and slightly divergent sides, expanding and recurving near the blade end. The axe has a wide and flat onset collar, the collar slightly everted, but the mouth does not flare nor have a projecting or bulbous top. A wide loop emerges from the underside of the collar. Three widely-spaced and slightly converging ribs descend from the collar, extending down approximately three-quarters of the length of the faces. The ribs are well-defined, the outer ones located close to the face edges, which are sub-angular. The upper origins of the ribs extend slightly into the lower collar. The casting seams are visible down each side but have been moderately worked down, either by file or hammer. The external mouth shape is sub-rectangular as is the internal aperture and the mouth is thin, with no evidence of runner stubs, or runner scars. On the upper blade bevels, there are linear striations running parallel with the blade-edge, indicating the axe was sharpened and prepared for use. There are areas of erosion and loss on one lower face, around the blade edge and in patches around the mouth and these areas have a green to light green patina. Overall, the original surfaces have a brown patina.



4. Plain socketed axe
Dimensions: length 78.0mm; surviving blade width 35.9mm; width below loop 28.8mm; external mouth dimensions 35.7 by 32.5mm; internal mouth dimensions 25.9 by 24.1mm; depth of socket approx. 63.0mm; surviving weight 107.3g.

This is a complete plain socketed axe of small size and slender proportions. The sides are slightly concave in shape, flaring outwards at the blade end. The mouth is flared, or slightly trumpet-shaped with slight bulbous thickening around the mouth. There is a wide and high-placed loop. The axe has a rectangular shaped body with sub-angular face edges. The mouth is sub-rectangular in both external shape and internal aperture and thin, with no evidence of runner-stubs or runner scars. The casting seams are visible and thin, but were carefully flattened either by filing or hammering. On the blade bevels, there are linear striations running parallel with the blade edge, indicating the axe was sharpened and prepared for use. Most original surfaces survive and have a brown patina, although small eroded green patches are visible around the mouth, on the loop, sides and along the eroded blade-edge.



5-6. Croxton type socketed axe & collar/upper face fragment 
Dimensions: length 133.9mm; surviving blade width 59.0mm; width below loop 44.8mm; surviving external mouth dimensions (46.1mm side to side); internal mouth dimensions (35.3mm side to side); depth of collar 18.8mm; depth of socket approx. 95.0mm; surviving weight main axe 382.4g; surviving combined weight of axe and fragment 391.5g.

Dimensions of small fragment: surviving length 37.1mm; surviving width approx. 26.5mm; surviving weight 9.1g.

This is a large socketed axe of slender proportions with approximately one-third of the mouth, collar and upper face missing. There is a small collar, upper face and side fragment, which probably broke off the main body of the axe during retrieval from the ground, but which conjoins and fits to the main axe. The axe has near straight but divergent sides, the loop side splaying and flaring differentially near the blade end, to give an unusual assymetric blade profile. The axe has a wide onset collar, with a slight concave curvature, to give a very slight flare of the mouth, but with no pronounced bulbous thickening around the mouth top. A low set loop descends from the underside of the collar. The sides of the axe are angled inwards from the central seams, rather than straight and the sub-angular face edges accentuate narrow faces and a concave flaring form. In cross-section, the axe is hexagonal in shape. The casting seams are visible, but were filed or hammered down. The mouth looks once to have been deep from front to back, to give a sub-square external shape and internal aperture, with rounded corners. The mouth top is thin with no evidence of runner-stubs or runner-scars. The blade is near straight, rather than curved. On the blade bevels there are linear striations running parallel with the blade-edge, indicating that the blade was sharpened for use. On the upper non-loop side, the axe has been damaged with a straight ended tool, which has removed an area of original surface and created a linear impact scar. At the margins, these damaged surfaces are light green, but near the impact mark, bronze metal has been exposed. A second dent and impact mark is evident on the broken face of the axe, which also removed two of the lower ribs. There are light green eroded patches on the blade sides, on one side and around the break edges. Cavities along the break edges and on one upper side suggest that air bubbles got into the axe as it was cast. Original surfaces have a brown patination, while one face has areas of a brown, compacted, soil/bronze concretion deposit still adhering to the surface.

The small collar, side and face fragment exhibits a wide onset collar of similar depth and profile to the main axe, with one upper rib and sub-angular face edge showing. The fragment has broken just beneath the mouth, so no original mouth top survives. This fragment has a brown patina over original surfaces, while the break edges are a green to light green colour. This fragment shows a reasonable fit with the main axe, indicating it is part of the same axe. On the main axe, newly exposed bronze metal can be seen where the fragment fits to the main body, providing evidence that the break occurred during recent retrieval of the axe, rather than in antiquity.



7. Probable South Wales type socketed axe 
Dimensions: surviving length 88.1mm; surviving blade width 44.8mm; width at point below loop 35.7mm; surviving external mouth dimensions - front to back 41.8mm; internal mouth dimensions - front to back 29.5mm; depth of socket approx. 63.0mm; surviving weight 182.9g.

This is a socketed axe of slender proportions, missing one-quarter of its mouth, loop and upper loop side. The sides are slightly divergent with slight expansion and recurving at the blade end. The axe has a prominent, somewhat bulbous and narrow mouth moulding with a poorly shaped but rounded mouth top. Descending from the mouth moulding on each face are three, near parallel, poorly aligned and executed ribs, which descend approximately three-quarters of the length of the axe faces. The axe has a rectangular cross-section and face edges are sub-angular but slightly rounded. The axe has a relatively deep front-back mouth, with sub-rectangular external shape and internal aperture with rounded corners. Around the mouth top, there are three rounded and poorly defined projections located at 90 degrees to each other. While the dimensions of these cannot be accurately measured, it indicates the existence of runner stubs, and suggests the axe was cast using a four-runner casting technology. The casting seams down each side are wide and visible, but have been hammered down after casting. The wall thickness in the area of the break is very thin, suggesting imperfections in the alignment of the moulds during casting, resulting in thinning and weaknesses here in the axe. This weakness appears to have led to a break here, whether in antiquity or the more recent past. On the surviving areas of blade bevels, linear striations can be seen running parallel with the blade-edge, indicating this axe was sharpened for use. On one face, recent linear scratches may be seen running between the ribs, suggesting recent damage, perhaps attempts to reveal the colour of the metal beneath. Original surfaces have a brown patination. The lower face surfaces are fragile and showing signs of lamination, revealing eroded sub-surfaces of brown and green colour. On one side, the mouth has been clipped probably during retrieval, revealing bronze metal and light green powdery surfaces. There are further light green powdery patches on the mouth, upper side and along the eroded blade edge.



8. South Wales Variant socketed axe 
Dimensions: combined surviving length 102.1mm; surviving blade width 51.1mm; width below loop 41.7mm; external mouth dimensions 49.0mm by (38.6mm); internal mouth dimensions - side to side 33.6mm (front to back not measurable); depth of mouth moulding/collar 11.8mm; depth of socket approx. 79.0mm; surviving weight 228.8g.

This is a ribbed socketed axe with a flaring blade, which is missing an area of one upper face and one-quarter of its mouth. The blade has also been broken across one corner. The axe has sides with concave curves, flaring outwards evenly towards the blade end. The axe has a deep and flat, but prominent everted mouth moulding / onset collar which is 11.8mm deep, and a relatively low set, but narrow loop, which emerges from the underside of this deep moulding or collar. Descending from the underside of this deep moulding, three near parallel and continuous ribs extend approximately two -thirds to three-quarters of the length of the faces. On one side, the ribs are slightly shorter, but parallel, while on the other, they are longer and curve to converge slightly towards the blade end. The flat-topped mouth has both sub-rectangular external shape and internal aperture and there is no evidence of runner-stubs or -scars around its top. The casting seams have been partially filed or hammered down. The break edges on the upper face of the axe show the wall to be very thin in this area, suggesting a casting flaw, leading to breakage here. As the break edges are fresh, the break appears to have happened recently during retrieval of the axe from the ground. On the blade bevels, linear striations can be seen running parallel with the blade-edge, indicating that the axe was sharpened after casting for use. The break to the blade corner is soil covered, suggesting the break occurred some time ago, rather than during recent retrieval from the ground. The faces of the axe are pitted with small eroded depressions, suggesting differential erosion while in the ground. The original surfaces have a brown patination. The upper break and blade-edge have lighter green eroded surfaces.



9-11. Llanarth type / Southern English B4 ribbed socketed axe
Dimensions: combined surviving length approx. 105.9mm; surviving length of large fragment 88.8mm; surviving blade width 42.2mm; width below loop 31.6mm; depth of socket approx. 73.0mm; combined surviving weight 155.4g; surviving weight of large fragment 140.1g.



Dimensions of mouth and moulding fragment: surviving length 23.9mm; surviving width 30.7mm; depth of double moulding 15.0mm; surviving weight 12.3g.

Dimensions of small moulding fragment: surviving length 25.5mm; surviving width 16.2mm; surviving weight 3.0g.



These are three conjoining fragments of a narrow and slender axe, which is missing three-quarters of its mouth, moulding and its loop. The sides are slightly divergent and with concave curves, flaring slightly at the blade end. The axe has a flaring and trumpet-shaped mouth with a concave form, the mouth slightly thickened, but not prominently bulbous or protruding. There is a lower ribbed moulding, however this double mouth moulding does not stand proud of the upper blade, so does not form a clear collar. The partial mouth fragment looks to have been possibly sub-oval in shape, although this cannot be established with certainty from the fragment remaining. No runner stubs or scars are evident on the surviving mouth top. The axe has a rectangular cross-section with angular to sub-angular face edges, although the faces have a slight convex curve to them, giving a slightly rounded face appearance. The casting seams are visible, but have been hammered or filed down. The breaks on all fragments look fresh, including some areas of exposed bronze metal, suggesting the axe was broken when it was removed from the ground and suggesting that fragments of the mouth remain in the find-spot locality. The surviving original surfaces of the axe have a brown patination, while areas along the breaks, around the mouth, on one upper face and along the blade-edge have light green and powdery eroded surfaces.



12. Ribbed socketed axe - small mouth fragment
Dimensions: surviving length 19.0mm; surviving width 36.5mm; surviving weight 8.0g.

This is a small mouth and upper face and side fragment of a socketed axe, the surviving mouth representing approximately one-quarter of the original complete mouth. The axe has a prominent and bulbous narrow mouth moulding with a rounded mouth top. Descending from this moulding a single rib is visible running down the upper face of the axe. The external shape and internal aperture of the axe appears to be sub-rectangular, with rounded edges. No runner-stubs or runner-scars are visible along the surviving mouth top. The break edges are fresh, suggesting that this axe was broken during its recent retrieval from the ground. As this fragment cannot be joined to any other of the axes, this must represent a ninth socketed axe, further fragments of which probably remain at the find-spot locality. The original surfaces of the axe have a brown patination, while areas of the break edge and upper face have light-green eroded surfaces.



Other Finds



A Roman bell-shaped stud, a modern socket or cap fragment containing wood remains and a copper lump were all reported with the hoard, but stylistic properties, complimented by metallurgical analysis, means they cannot be deemed associated with the find.","One of the socketed axes reported may be identified as a South Wales Type socketed axe (Nos. 1, above). The combination of out-splayed mouth, high placed and ephemeral loop, blocky rectangular form, ribs descending from the underside of the collar and poorly finished state following casting are all diagnostic elements, in combination helping to identify it to this type (e.g. Needham 1981, 31; Northover unpublished, 259-60; Burgess 2012, 239 & Fig. 1). A second axe (No. 7, above) was probably also an example of a South Wales type axe or Variant form, exhibiting some of the typological features: a four-runner casting technology, three ribbed decoration on both faces, descending from an out-splayed mouth and with a sub-rectangular cross-section. However, as the loop is missing, the characteristics of its form and relative loop location cannot be identified. In addition, this axe has a particularly deep front-back mouth dimension, suggesting an original sub-square shape, rather than the typical rectangular form, normally with a long axis from side to side. This deep mouth may suggest an axe that was cast, used and buried towards the end of the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (c. 850-800 BC), since axes with deep front-back mouth dimensions generally become typical attributes of axe types used during the later Llyn Fawr phase of the Earliest Iron Age.



A further axe (No. 8, above) may be regarded as a Variant form of the South Wales type. Although of blocky rectangular form, with three ribs descending from a prominent mouth moulding similar to the South Wales type, this was not cast using the typical four-runner casting technology. In addition, this axe has a deep and everted mouth or collar with an even and flat profile, rather than the more typical prominent and out-splayed form. The loop, of modest width, is also lower set than typical on South Wales type socketed axes, the upper arm extending from beneath the deep mouth or collar. Overall however, it is most similar in form and proportions to socketed axes of the South Wales type, hence its attribution as a Variant example.



South Wales type socketed axes and their Variant forms are a frequent and dominating element within Ewart Park hoards of Late Bronze Age date across south-east Wales (e.g. McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980, 49, 120-2; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004). Here, around forty hoards now contain at least 150 examples, making it the core area within Britain for their burial within hoards. Approaching fifty single finds of South Wales Type socketed axes have also been discovered in south-east Wales. They are also frequent smaller presences in contemporary hoards across mid and north-east Wales, south western and England, southern England and northern France, with occasional outliers in northern Britain and Ireland (McNeil 1973, 61-4; Moore 1978; Needham 1981, 55-66; Burgess 2012, 241-4 & Fig. 2).



Two socketed axes (Nos. 2 & 5-6) may be identified as of Croxton type, with their deep onset collar bands, with flat or near flat profiles and face ribs descending from the underside of the collar-band. The type name Croxton originates from an example found in Cheshire, whilst the form appears to occur most commonly along The Marches (Northover, unpublished, 267). These axes typically belong to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC).



A further small socketed axe (No. 3, above) may be tentatively identified as a third example of a Croxton type socketed axe, but also showing affinities with Yorkshire type socketed axes. This example has a deep onset collar band, with a flat profile and giving the axe an evenly everted mouth. The three ribs on each face are extremely wide-set and extend down approximately two-thirds of the faces of the axe, converging very slightly near ends. These, together with the blocky and short proportions of the axe and wide loop, echo typical features of Yorkshire type axes (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 223). However, this axe does not have a prominent and bulbous mouth moulding with a second lower positive moulding, as typical features of Yorkshire type axes and there are no opposed ribs evident inside the socket (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 223-39, Cats. 1356-1571 & Pls. 89-99).



The slender ribbed socketed axe (Nos. 9-11, above) with a flaring and trumpet-shaped mouth of concave form, with a lower ribbed moulding and three short ribs down each face may be identified as of Llanarth type, equating with Class B4 Southern English ribbed axes and broadly with Type Welby ribbed axes of Northern England (Burgess 1963; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 221-3, Cats. 1335-55, Pls. 88-9; Needham 1990, 36-7, Cat. 52 & Fig. 6.52; Northover, unpublished, 267). Llanarth type axes typically date to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC) (Burgess 1963, 22; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 222-3; Needham 1990, 38; Northover unpublished, 267).



The small mouth fragment (No. 12, above) once belonged to a ribbed socketed axe, whose precise type cannot be established from the small fragment surviving. However, various forms of ribbed axes have been found beside South Wales type axes in around a dozen known hoards of Ewart Park date from south-east Wales. Therefore, this presence is entirely consistent with a Late Bronze Age hoard association from this region.



The small, plain and slender socketed axe (No. 4, above) is difficult to identify to a widespread type, although the absence of any mouth moulding or collar precludes many recognised types. In combination, the slender form with flaring mouth, sub-rectangular section and deep mouth plan, with slightly concave divergent sides and modest blade expansion, are most closely paralleled with Class 5 plain socketed axes from Ireland (Eogan 2000, 42-5, Cats. 201-25 & Pls. 11-12) or the miscellaneous slender socketed axes with rectangular bodies provisionally grouped together within Scotland and northern England (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 217-8, Cats. 1295-1303, Pl. 86). They have been found associated within hoards of Ewart Park / Dowris date (1000-800 BC) in Britain and Ireland, although an earlier origin within the preceding Wilburton phase of the Late Bronze Age (1150-950 BC) is suspected but remains unproven (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 218; Eogan 2000, 45).



Having identified all nine socketed axes from this immediate localised find-spot, it is apparent that they all date to the same period of time: the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC). The account of the discovery of the axes indicates that all nine axes were found within approximately 1m of each other at depths of between 20 and 50cm beneath the surface. This is consistent with their burial together at the same time as a hoard within a pit feature.



Authors



Adam Gwilt - Principal Curator: Prehistory, Department of History & Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales



Mark Lodwick - Portable Antiquities Scheme Wales (PAS Cymru) Co-ordinator



Mary Davis - Principal Analytical Services Officer, Department of Collections Services, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2015-01-23T00:00:00Z,,2015TRW5,,,,,,,12,Adam Gwilt,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llantilio Crossenny,SO3913,From finder,51.81228837,-2.88624765,NMGW-860652,,DH009682.jpg,Bronze Age hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/DH009682.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/623400.jpg
858484,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"~~Item 1

Late Bronze Age socketed axe dating to 1100to 800 BC. The interior of the socket has a sub-square shape with rounded corners and measures 29x34 at the aperture. There is a small projection in the centre of each of the sides on the top edge of the socket, these are the filed down remains of the runner's and risers from the casting process. The edge of the aperture is surrounded by a thick tapering collar that has a semi-circular loop that projecting from one side in a low arch to join onto the side of the axe. On both faces are three long and pronounced straight ribs with tapering terminals that emanate from the base of the collar. The sides of the axe are very slightly bevelled with a very low central ridge on which is situated the casting seam. The edges expand outwards very slightly to the curved blade on the forward edge, which has a heavily corroded forward edge.

Length 115mm, width 69mm, thickness 45mm, weight 368g



Item 2

Late Bronze Age socketed axe dating to 1100to 800 BC. The interior of the socket has a sub-square shape with rounded corners and measures 31x25 at the aperture. There is a small projection in the centre of each of the sides on the top edge of the socket, these are the filed down remains of the runner's and risers from the casting process. The edge of the aperture is surrounded by a thick tapering collar that has a semi-circular loop that projecting from one side in a low arch to join onto the side of the axe. On both faces are three long and pronounced straight ribs with tapering terminals that emanate from the base of the collar. The sides of the axe are flat with a pronounced ridge running down the centre which is the remains of the casting seam. Towards the tip the side curve outwards to the curved blade on the forward edge, which has a heavily corroded forward edge. Deep striations run across the whole of the blade and maybe evidence of sharpening.

Length 90mm, width 53mm, thickness 41mm, weight 228g



Item 3

A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe that consists of the blade and the base of the socket. The break is ancient and irregular. The blade has a very low curved forward edge which is heavily corroded. Behind the blade the surface of the axe is in excellent condition with a dark green patina that has a series of shallow striation that run up from the blade on the top and bottom edge that are probably formed from use or sharpening. The casting seam is visible but has been filed down. The socket at the rear is oval 31mm long by 10mm wide and 9mm deep

Length 34mm, width 53mm, thickness 18mm, weight 87g



Item 4

A copper alloy socketed knife. The socket is oval in cross-section with an internal appetite of 18x10. The socket is sub-rectangular with slightly concave sides creating a narrowed waist. A single large rivet hole is situated towards the rear for attachment. The blade is 100mm long with slightly convex sides that narrow to a wide point at the tip. The face on both side of the blade is flat with long bevelled edges that form the cutting edge. The blade is snapped in two 1/3 up from the socket and although there is mud in the break, this section only show slight signs of corrosion with a bare metal evident over most of the exposed surface. Therefore, although this break is not recent it is still fairly modern meaning that this knife was complete when it was lost/buried and was broken post deposition.



~~Length 130mm, width 22mm, thickness 13mm, weight 45g",,4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2017-05-14T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,,4,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Monmouth,SO5015,From finder,51.83136335,-2.72699044,GLO-9F6EB4,,GLO9F6EB44.JPG,GLO-9F6EB4 Late Bronze Age socketed knife,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO9F6EB44.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/636842.jpg
858525,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard of two socketed axes and one spearhead.



1. South Wales type socketed axe



Dimensions: length (including runner stub) 101.8mm; length (excluding runner stub (99.6mm); blade width 45.3mm; width below loop 39.4mm; external mouth dimensions 49.6 by 47.5mm; internal mouth dimensions 31.0 by 30.3mm; dimensions of runner stubs (1) 8.6 by 3.4mm; height 0.3mm; (2) 9.9 by 3.9mm; height 1.2mm; (3) 8.8 by 4.0mm; height 2.2mm; (4) 8.2 by 4.6mm; height 0.1mm; depth of socket approx. 72.0mm; weight 370.8g.



This is a complete socketed axe of slender proportions, however with a blocky rectangular, tending towards square, shaped cross-section. The sides are slightly divergent and near straight, but with a very slight concave curve and there is virtually no expansion at the blade end. The axe has a prominent out-splayed mouth moulding with a narrow loop descending from its underside. Three near parallel ribs descend from the moulding on each face, extending a little over half way down each face. These ribs are prominent, but discontinuous towards the base on one face, suggesting imperfections in flow and casting, or a mould-half which was old when used. The axe has a near square body cross-section with extremely angular and crisp face-edges. The axe has a deep front-back mouth, almost square, and the mouth top is heavy and wide. The external shape and internal aperture of the mouth are virtually sub-square with rounded corners. Four projecting runner-stubs, two very prominent and untrimmed, are present around the mouth, each 90 degrees apart, indicating the use of a four-runner casting technology. The casting seams down each side are sharp and prominent and were never hammered or filed down after casting. The faces of the axe, have very slight and indistinct, rounded and shallow hollows across them and down to near the blade edge, indicating that this axe retained the contours of its mould and was never hammered or worked up for use. On one lower central face, there is a larger circular depression with rougher surfaces. This is not an impact scar and appears to be a minor casting flaw or imperfection in the mould. There are linear striations visible on the non-worked or hammered blade margins, running parallel with the blade edge. This suggests cursory preparation of the axe, which was never used as a tool before it was buried. The original surfaces of the axe have survived exceptionally well and have a brown patination. Small patches of eroded surface are evident on the sides, around the mouth and on the blade edge, and these have a grey-green patina.



2. Yorkshire type socketed axe



Dimensions: length 69.6mm; blade width 40.2mm; width below loop 27.8mm; external mouth dimensions 32.6 by 30.7mm; internal mouth dimensions 23.1 by 23.0mm; depth of socket approx. 53.0mm; weight 97.9g.



This is a small and complete socketed axe with a flared blade. The sides of the axe are divergent and with concave curved form, expanding more markedly near the blade edge. The axe has a double mouth moulding with a flared trumpet form and thickened mouth top. On each face, three wide-spaced, well-defined and short ribs descend from the lower mouth moulding. The ribs are slightly divergent and extend less than one third of the length of each face. A wide loop emerges from the lower mouth moulding. The axe has a sub-rectangular cross section and the face edges are rounded, while the mouth is deep and square with rounded corners. On the inner mouth is a narrow line of projecting excess metal from the casting, though the edges are rounded, possibly rapidly hammered or filed down. Casting seams are narrow but prominent down each side, with little effort to hammer or file these down. In side view, it is apparent that one mould-half was deeper than the other, as the casting seam is off the centre line. One upper face has a shallow depression across its surface, suggesting a slight imperfection in the shaping of the mould. Along the blade bevels there are surface striations running parallel with the blade edge, while slightly higher up the blade faces are striations running at ninety degrees to the axis of the blade edge. These suggest the axe was prepared for use. Original surfaces are well preserved on this axe, with a brown patination. There are small patches and pits of eroded surface on the lower faces and along the blade edge, which have a green patina.



3. Plain Pegged Spearhead, with lanceolate leaf-shaped blade



Dimensions: surviving length 104.3mm; surviving length of blade approx. 87.0mm; surviving maximum blade width 44.6mm; external diameter of socket at break (side to side) 25.8mm; surviving length of socket below blade 14.8mm; distance peg-hole below blade approx. 11.5mm; surviving depth of socket approx.73.0mm; surviving weight 49.9g.



A Plain Pegged spearhead with a lanceolate leaf-shaped blade, broken across the socket near the line of the peg-hole. The midrib has a slight rounded ridge along its central length on both faces, giving its cross-section a sub-lozengic shape at the break. The midrib tapers slightly near the lower blade, giving slightly concave edges. The blade edges are eroded and no blade bevels can now be seen. The blade surfaces have many longitudinal striations parallel with the line of the midrib, suggesting the blade was prepared and sharpened in prehistory. Three-quarters of the break edges on the socket are soil covered, suggesting a break in antiquity, however there is also a fresh break on one side where the wall is thinnest, indicating a recent break during retrieval of the artefact from the ground. On each side at the break, the upper sides of the peg-holes are visible, suggesting they once had a diameter of 4-5mm. In side view, the blade is slightly bent, hinting that the spear may either have been damaged in use or forcibly bent and perhaps broken, before burial. On one upper midrib face, there is a corroded hole through the wall into the socket interior, where the midrib wall was particularly thin. Original surfaces have a brown patina. The tip, blade edges and part of the socket break have green corroded surfaces, as does the corroded hole in the upper midrib wall.","One of the two socketed axes reported may be identified as a South Wales type socketed axe (No. 1, above). The combination of out-splayed mouth, high placed and narrow loop, blocky rectangular form, four-runner casting technology, ribs descending from the underside of the collar and poorly finished state following casting are all diagnostic elements, in combination helping to identify it to this type (e.g. Needham 1981, 31; Northover unpublished, 259-60; Burgess 2012, 239 & Fig. 1). This axe has a particularly deep front-back mouth dimension, tending towards a sub-square shape, rather than typical rectangular form, normally with a long-axis from side to side. This deep mouth and long slender form may suggest an axe that was cast, used and buried towards the end of the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (c. 850-800 BC), since axes with deep front-back mouth dimensions generally become typical attributes of axe types used during the late Ewart Park and Llyn Fawr phases of the Late Bronze and Earliest Iron Ages.



South Wales type socketed axes are a frequent and dominating element within Ewart Park hoards of Late Bronze Age date across south-east Wales (e.g. McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980, 49, 120-2; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004). Here, around forty hoards now contain at least 150 examples, making it the core area within Britain for their burial within hoards. Approaching fifty single finds of South Wales Type socketed axes have also been discovered in south-east Wales. They are also frequent smaller presences in contemporary hoards across mid and north-east Wales, south western and England, southern England and northern France, with occasional outliers in northern Britain and Ireland (McNeil 1973, 61-4; Moore 1978; Needham 1981, 55-66; Burgess 2012, 241-4 & Fig. 2).



The second socketed axe (No. 2, above) in this hoard group may be identified as of probable Yorkshire type. This axe has widely spaced, short and divergent ribs descending from a mouth moulding, with a prominent and everted collar. In addition a wide loop emerges from the lower mouth moulding. The axe is sub-rectangular in cross-section and the mouth and socket plan is deep and square. All of these features are diagnostic of the Yorkshire type (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 223). This is a small and slender example of the type, with a flared blade, however can be paralleled within the range of known examples of the type (e.g. Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 224, 227, 229-30, 234-5; Cats. 1368, 1404, 1438, 1448, 1517, 1543, Pls. 89, 91, 93, 97 & 98).



Yorkshire type axes are most commonly found in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, though there is a scatter known in East Anglia and Scotland (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 223). These axes are found in hoards dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, most commonly in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire East Anglia and Borders, but with occasional examples also known in Carp's Tongue hoards across southern England of Ewart Park date (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 237-8). One possible Yorkshire type axe has been identified within the Stogursey, Somerset hoard (McNeil 1973, 49 & 56, Cat. 17 & Fig. 3; Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 238), while one socketed axe in the second Llantilio Crossenny hoard in the same field shows affinities with the Yorkshire type (Gwilt et al 2016a).



The spearhead (No. 3, above) may be identified as a Plain Pegged Spearhead with a lanceolate, leaf-shaped blade. Pegged spearheads, as an artefact class, generally span from the second half of the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC) (e.g. Greenwell and Brewis 1909, 463; Ehrenberg 1977, 3, 13-14 & Fig. 1; O'Connor 1980, 100-101, 138-41; Northover unpublished, 271, 283). In Wales, early examples of Plain Pegged socketed spearheads are found in the Penard (Swansea), Guilsfield (Powys) and Princetown (Blaenau Gwent) hoards, the first dating to 1300-1150 BC and the second and third dating to 1020-920 BC (Barnwell 1864; Savory 1965; 1972; 1980, 117-19, Cats. 266, 268 & 272; Figs. 32-8 & 40). However, they become most common as associations within hoards of Ewart Park date, dating to 1000-800 BC. The wooden hafts of a number of Plain Pegged spearheads in England have also been radiocarbon dated to the Ewart Park period of the Late Bronze Age dating to between 1000 BC and 800 BC (Needham 1996, 136-7 & Fig. 3; Needham et al 1997, 93-8).



Having identified the three artefacts discovered at this localised find-spot and in close association, it is apparent that they all typically date to the same period of time: the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC). The account of the discovery of the axes indicates that these artefacts were all discovered in the same metal-detector pit, but at varying depths of 15-17cm, 30cm and 45cm beneath the surface. This account of discovery is consistent with the burial of these artefacts at the same time and within the same pit feature dug into the sub-soil layer during the Late Bronze Age.



Authors



Adam Gwilt - Principal Curator: Prehistory, Department of History & Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales



Mark Lodwick - Portable Antiquities Scheme Wales (PAS Cymru) Co-ordinator",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2015-01-18T00:00:00Z,,2015TRW06,,,,,,,3,Adam Gwilt,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llantilio Crossenny,SO3913,From finder,51.81228837,-2.88624765,NMGW-AFDAE8,,DH009683.jpg,Bronze Age hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/DH009683.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/623698.jpg
858576,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-800,"Description: Incomplete gold strip of uncertain date (see discussion). Broadly rectangular with one complete end which exhibits a circular perforation. The strip is bent at a sharp angle and has a number of dents, terminating in a jagged break. There are extensive scratch marks, probably from post-depositional damage. 



Dimensions: Length (bent): 37mm. Approximate full length: c. 59mm. Width: 9mm. Thickness: 1mm. Weight: 3.9g. 



Discussion: The strip was found in an unstratified context during metal detecting. It has no decorative or other diagnostic features, and thus it is difficult to assign a date. Gold strips with perforations at one or both ends first appear in the Bronze Age (e.g. BH-1BE953 / 2014 T901, DOR-173265 / 2006 T380, CORN-8EC344 / 2014 T39). Although some others (e.g. NCL-59F7F8) have been considered undiagnostic and not provably over 300 years old, the balance of probabilities suggests that this example may well be of Bronze Age date.



Date: Bronze Age, 2350-800 BC.",,3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2017-06-25T23:00:00Z,2017-06-25T23:00:00Z,2017T672,,3.9,,,1,37,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Runhall,TG0609,GPS (from the finder),52.63962015,1.04313442,NMS-B2D198,,62198_B2D198_BA_Ribbon.jpg,Bronze Age ribbon,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/62198_B2D198_BA_Ribbon.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1097508.jpg
858691,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of cast copper alloy socketed axe, dating to the Late Bronze Age - c. 1000 - 800 BC.



Description: The fragment represents part of the socketed end of the axe and is unevenly shaped. Part of the rimmed collar for the socket remains. Just after the rim there is a side loop to help secure the axe to its handle. There is substantial casting line running from the rim and along the mid-line of the loop onto the body of the axe. It appears this casting feature has had very limited finishing. The fragment is dark green on the surfaces and a light green on the breaks which may suggest the axe was broken while in the ground but a substantial time after its deposition.



Measurements: 39.97mm long, 27.64mm wide 5.16mm thick and 21.20g in weight.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,,21.2,,,5.16,39.97,1,Wendy Thompson,Wendy Thompson,,Kent,Swale,Hartlip,TQ8364,Generated from computer mapping software,51.34561735,0.62627357,PUBLIC-CC14FC,,socketaxe.jpg,AXE - CC14FC,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ynwhsh7/socketaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/623853.jpg
859258,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age hoard comprising five socketed axes and one axe fragment.



1. South Wales type socketed axe
Dimensions: surviving length 101.5mm; surviving blade width 51.1mm; width below loop 42.9mm; external mouth dimensions 51.0 by 41.9mm; internal mouth dimensions 33.0 by 27.1mm; dimensions of runner stubs 8.6 by 4.5mm; height 1.0mm; (2) 8.2 by 4.9mm; height 0.5mm; (3) 7.5 by 3.7mm; height 0.5mm; (4) 9.0 by 3.5mm; height 0.2mm; depth of socket approx. 83.0mm; surviving weight 278.7g.



A near complete socketed axe with a broken loop, of blocky rectangular form, with straight and slightly divergent sides and little expansion and recurving visible towards the blade end. The axe has a prominent but narrow mouth moulding, with a high and narrow loop descending from the underside. Three well-defined and parallel ribs descend from the moulding on each face, extending down approximately three-quarters of the blade. The axe is rectangular in section with angular face edges. The casting seams are visible down each side, but have been hammered or filed down with reasonable care, although the flash within the loop is slightly more prominent and less worked down. The mouth is sub-rectangular in shape and internal aperture. Four runner stubs are evident around the mouth, indicating a four-runner casting technology. The axe has a brown patina and most original surfaces survive. The blade edge is highly damaged, revealing lighter green surfaces. There are small areas of eroded lighter green surfaces along the face edges and around the mouth.



2. South Wales type socketed axe
Dimensions: surviving length 101.1mm; surviving blade width 55.4mm; width below loop 40.9mm; external mouth dimensions 51.2mm by 40.6mm; internal mouth dimensions 34.3mm by 28.6mm; dimensions of runner stubs (1) 11.3 by 5.4mm; height 1.5mm; (2) 11.4 by 5.0mm; height 1.0mm; (3) 10.7 by 4.6mm; height 0.5mm; (4) 10.6 by 4.4mm; height 0.5mm; depth of socket approx. 76.0mm; surviving weight 274.7g.

This is a complete socketed axe with slightly concave and divergent sides, with significant expansion and recurving at the blade end. The axe has a prominent and slightly bulbous mouth moulding, with a high placed and relatively wide loop descending from its underside. Three well-defined and convergent ribs descend from the moulding on each face, extending down approximately two-thirds of the length of the faces. On one face, the outer rib, furthest from the loop side is more markedly angled and convergent, suggesting an imperfection in the shaping of this mould piece. The axe is rectangular in cross-section with angled face edges. The casting seams down each side are prominent, but have been hammered to remove sharp edges. The mouth is sub-oval in external shape, with a sub-rectangular shaped internal aperture, with rounded corners. Four runner stubs are evident around the mouth, indicating a four-runner casting technology. One upper face has a shallow depressed area, suggesting an irregularity in the shaping of the mould-piece used for casting the axe. Along the blade bevel, the presence of linear surface striations parallel with the axis of the blade indicate that the blade of the axes was prepared and sharpened. The axe has a grey-green patina over most surfaces. On the upper faces, there are patches of black patination, suggesting that the axe may have been deliberately coloured through a patination process, after casting. The blade edge is heavily worn, with light green and fragile powdery surfaces.
3. South Wales Variant type socketed axe
Dimensions: surviving length 115.7mm; surviving blade width 55.3mm; width below loop 45.8mm; surviving external mouth dimensions (45.4mm) by 48.1mm; surviving internal mouth dimensions (37.3mm) by 32.7mm; dimensions of runner stubs (1) 7.6 by 3.3mm; height approx. 0.2mm; (2) 7.5 by 3.7mm; height approx. 0.2mm; depth of socket approx. 73.0mm.; surviving weight 376.7g.

This is a near complete socketed axe with a damaged mouth. This is a large socketed axe with an angular hexagonal cross-section, with slightly divergent and concave shaped sides. The axe has a prominent but narrow mouth moulding, with a high placed and narrow loop descending from its underside. Three very prominent and wide ribs descend from the moulding on each face and are convergent. Unusually, the central rib is significantly longer than the two lateral ribs, the former extending down three-quarters of the length of the face and the latter only extending half the length of the blade. The face edges are angled and significantly narrower than the sides and the edges have been deliberately raised, giving the overall effect similar to a faceted axe. The axe has a deep front back mouth axis, the mouth being square in external outline and with a sub-rectangular internal aperture, with curved edges. One half of the mouth top has been broken, the break looking fresh in places, suggesting breakage during removal from the ground. Two runner-stubs are visible around the mouth, located at 180 degrees to each other, but there is insufficient of the mouth surviving to tell whether or not there were originally four runners. The sides of the axe are significantly angled, coming to their widest point at the central casting seam. While the join is prominent and angled, there is little excess and it appears that the flashes may have been hammered flat in places. There are linear striations along the blade facets and parallel with the blade edge, indicating that the axe was sharpened for use. Most of the original surfaces have survived and the axe has a grey-green patina. The mouth edges and blade edge are eroded, with light green and fragile powdery surfaces. There are also small patches of eroded lighter green surface on the faces and external loop edge. The casting seams down the sides of the axe are visible, but were hammered or filed down carefully after casting.
4. Class B - Southern English ribbed axe
Dimensions: surviving length 72.1mm; surviving blade width 39.3mm; width below loop 30.6mm; external mouth dimensions 34.0mm by 32.9mm; internal mouth dimensions 26.4 by 25.2mm; depth of socket approx. 61.0mm; surviving weight 101.7g.

This is a complete small ribbed axe, with divergent and concave shaped sides, expanding towards the blade end. The axe has a flared trumpet shaped mouth, but with no evidence of a collar or collar-moulding. Five parallel ribs descend from the under-side of the flaring mouth, extending for a little under half of the total length of the axe face. The two outer ribs define the face edges of the axe. The axe has a rectangular shaped cross-section and the face edges are sub-angular. The loop is low-set, its upper arm descending some distance below the upper origin of the face ribs. The axe has a deep front back mouth axis, being sub-square in both external shape and internal aperture, with curved edges. No runner-stubs or scars are evident around the mouth. On one blade bevel, the remains of striations running parallel with the blade edge are visible, indicating that the axe was sharpened as preparation for use. One face of the axe has been heavily brushed, probably by the finder after discovery of the axe, as indicated by deep striations and the loss of original surfaces on one face. On the reverse and better preserved face, and on the loop side, patches of black patina are evident, suggesting the axe was deliberately coloured black after casting. The axe has an overall light green patina with fragile and powdery surfaces. The blade edge is heavily eroded and fragile, while the top of the mouth is also lighter green and powdery.
5. Slender faceted axe of Type Meldreth / Class D
Dimensions: surviving length 117.2mm; surviving blade width 43.1mm; width below loop 27.1mm; surviving external mouth dimensions 27.1mm (front to back); surviving internal mouth dimensions 23.2mm (front to back); max. collar width 28.5mm; depth of socket approx. 85.0mm.; surviving weight 148.0g.

This is a near complete, slender and faceted axe, with damaged mouth, missing loop and broken blade edge. The sides are divergent and with a concave curve, widening at the blade end. The axe has a flared or trumpet-shaped mouth, with a wide collar and a low-set and narrow loop, emerging below the collar. The collar is unusually wide with a convex, evenly curved and wide mid zone moulding defined to either side by evenly curved depressions running parallel with the central moulding. The collar is onset, with a step down to the top of the blade faces, but with a raised, flat-topped and wide moulding (2.5mm) defining the lower collar margin. The facets are narrow and the edges are sub-angular, the axe having a total of eight facets (three on each face and one on each side). The side casting seams are visible, however were hammered or filed, except beneath the loop, where a projecting flash is still visible. Approximately half of the mouth of the axe is missing and the break appears eroded, rather than new. The external outline and internal aperture of the mouth are oval in shape. Running down the upper face on one side, linear striations are evident, running parallel with the long axis of the axe. These appear to have been created in antiquity, since they are within the patinated surface. On the upper blade bevel, there are linear striations running parallel with the original blade edge, indicating the axe blade was sharpened ready for use. Most original surfaces of the axe survive and the artefact has a grey-green patina. The blade edge has mostly been removed through breakage. On one corner, the break looks new, exposing core metal, while much of the length of the broken blade has light green and powdery surfaces. One area of lower blade and side is also eroded with similar light green and powdery surfaces, while the loop breaks and parts of the mouth and mouth breaks are also light green and powdery. Within the socket, there are two projecting lumps of green carbonate concretion, about one third of the way down the inner socket wall.
6. Mouth fragment of slender faceted axe of Type Meldreth / Class D
Dimensions: maximum surviving length 41.6mm; collar width 11.0mm; surviving weight 15.9g.

This is a small mouth side fragment of a slender faceted axe, with two broken loop stubs evident. The axe had a modestly flaring mouth, with a medium depth onset collar. It is not clear whether the lower collar margin had a projecting collar moulding, or whether the collar was a simple band, with a concave profile and a step margin onto the upper faces. The narrow loop projected from the underside of the collar. Down the side, a casting seam is visible and appears not to have been trimmed or hammered across the collar. On one side, a narrow facet can be seen extending from the collar down the upper face of the axe and it is likely that this axe once had eight facets (three on each face, with one on each side). On the exterior surface, there are patches of black patination on the collar and within the loop and the interior socket surface is markedly blackened. The rest of the exterior surface has a grey-green patina, with small arear of light green and powdery surface visible on the loop stubs, on the mouth top and in places along the breaks.","Three of the socketed axes reported may be identified as South Wales Type socketed axes or Variant forms (Nos. 1-3, above). The combination of out-splayed mouth, high placed and ephemeral loop, blocky rectangular form, ribs descending from the underside of the collar and poorly finished state following casting are all diagnostic elements, in combination helping to identify it to this type (e.g. Needham 1981, 31; Northover unpublished, 259-60; Burgess 2012, 239 & Fig. 1). These socketed axes and their Variant forms a frequent and dominating element within Ewart Park hoards of Late Bronze Age date across south-east Wales (e.g. McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980, 49, 120-2; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004). Here, around forty hoards now contain at least 150 examples, making it the core area within Britain for their burial within hoards. Approaching fifty single finds of South Wales Type socketed axes have also been discovered in south-east Wales. They are also frequent smaller presences in contemporary hoards across mid and north-east Wales, south western and England, southern England and northern France, with occasional outliers in northern Britain and Ireland (McNeil 1973, 61-4; Moore 1978; Needham 1981, 55-66; Burgess 2012, 241-4 & Fig. 2).

One axe (No. 4, above), may be identified as a Class B - Southern English ribbed axe of a sub-type most resembling Class B2, with five-ribs and a trumpet-shaped mouth (Needham 1990, 32-5 & Fig. 5). These broadly equate with Type Welby ribbed axes of Northern England (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 221-3, Cats. 1335-55, Pls. 88-9). The apparent absence of a collar or positive moulding on this axe is a variation on the more typical traits of the type and this example is at the smallest end of the known range. Various forms of ribbed axes have been found beside South Wales type axes in around a dozen known hoards of Ewart Park date from south-east Wales.

Two slender faceted axes (Nos. 5 & 6, above) may be identified as of Type Meldreth or Class D faceted axes, which have a variety of sub-types, dependent upon the shape and depth of their collar and mouth shape (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 204-11; Needham 1990, 41-3; Gwilt et al 2005, 37-8). This type is generally regarded as of British type, although they do occur in Ireland and France (O' Connor 1980, 166-7; Needham 1990, 43; Eogan 2000, 53-62, Cats. 296-392). Nearly all of the known hoard associations containing these axes are securely of Late Bronze Age date and belonging to the Ewart Park phase between 1000-800 BC (e.g. Needham 1990, 43; Eogan 2000, 61), although a few examples have been found in slightly earlier Late Bronze Age hoards dating to 1150-1000 BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 210-1; Needham 1990, 43; Eogan 2001, 61).

Having identified all six socketed axes reported from this immediate localised find-spot, it is apparent that all are securely of Ewart Park date of manufacture, dating to between 1000-800 BC. The account of discovery strongly suggests that the hoard group had remained buried together until the recent past in small pit feature cutting into a protected soil beneath a Medieval to post-Medieval field bank and hedge-line. In recent years, the farmer created a new entrance across this field boundary, by digging out and flattening the boundary in this localised area. This event disturbed the ancient soil beneath the bank, causing the artefacts in the hoard to be scattered over an area of 4m, to either side of the new entrance. Their reported depths of 15-25cm are consistent with having been moved within bank material and redeposited and compacted at moderate depth within the soil levelling activity.



Authors



Adam Gwilt - Principal Curator: Prehistory, Department of History & Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales



Mark Lodwick - Portable Antiquities Scheme Wales (PAS Cymru) Co-ordinator



Steve Sell - Volunteer Finds Liaison Officer, Formerly Archaeology Project Officer at Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2015-04-25T23:00:00Z,,2015TRW10,,,,,,,6,Adam Gwilt,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llanharan,ST0182,From finder,51.52820247,-3.42851665,NMGW-1C435C,,DH010048.jpg,Bronze Age hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/DH010048.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624338.jpg
859261,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-900,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed spearhead dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age c.1400-900 BC. The spearhead has a slender, tapering leaf-shaped (ogival) blade with slightly bevelled edges and two undrilled lozenge-shaped side 'loops' located near to the mouth of the socket, which is circular in plan and tapers internally. The spearhead is in good condition with some bronze disease and corrosion evident.



The loops may have been miscast as they are solid rather than having on internal eye. Spearheads with similar miscastings have been found locally; one from the same parish as this new example, now in the Ashmolean Museum (accession number Ash.M 1927.2706), another from Standlake (Ash.M. 1911.137) and a third recently recorded only c. 1 kilometre from this new example (BERK-5BCE29 on this database). Ehrenberg (1977:7) suggests that such miscast examples or those with unmade loops may indicate that the shaft of the spear was simply wedged in to the socket and not secured by strings. The shape of the blade may be the result of resharpening (Ibid; after Davey 1973:79).



The internal diameter of the socket is 13.65mm.



Ref: Bronze Age Spearheads from Bucks, Berks and Oxon. M. Ehrenberg, BAR 34, 1977.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-13T00:00:00Z,,,,40.9,,13.65,,113.7,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Fyfield and Tubney,SU4196,From finder,51.66129376,-1.40864854,BERK-1C4AA6,,2017159.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead: Leaf-shaped spearhead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017159.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624340.jpg
859294,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2050,"Early Bronze Age hoard comprising one flat axe and one axe-chisel.



1. Flat axe - Type Barton Stacey (Class 3D)



Dimensions: maximum length 156.0mm; width of butt 34.2mm; blade width 98.1mm; maximum thickness 9.2mm; weight 475.2g.



This is a complete flat axe in good condition, with original surfaces surviving over the majority of the axe. The axe is narrow-butted and wide-bladed and has a lenticular profile. The sides of the axe are gently concave, expanding modestly from the butt to the blade end. There is slight triple faceting visible down the sides of the axe, indicating that these were hammered after casting. Hammering of the side facets has led to the face-edges becoming crisp and very slightly raised in places, however this is not deliberate and visible enough to constitute true low hammered flanges. The butt of the axe is curved with a low to medium arch. There is no central stop bevel on the faces of the axe. The broad cutting edge has a shallow blade bevel, approximately 7mm in depth. Striations are evident on the lower face and blade bevel, running parallel with the long-axis of the axe, indicating the blade was prepared for use. There is differential patination evident on the axe, one face being green and the other being dark-grey green. Along one side of the dark-grey green face, there is an elongate strip of mottled surface matching the size and dimensions of the axe-chisel. This provides evidence that the axe and axe-chisel were carefully placed together, one immediately on top of the other. A localised area of black patination extends across half of the blade bevel on the reverse axe face with green patination. On the butt end of the face with green patination, a modern diagonal scrape is also evident, revealing a small area of fresh bronze metal. A second less deep diagonal scratch is also evident on the same face at the lower blade end. This is likely to have occurred during recent removal of the axe from the ground by the finder. In places along the face-edges and blade-edge original surfaces have been lost, revealing grey-green areas of sub-surface. In places along face-edges, there is also localised surface cracking evident on original surfaces, indicating these areas to be fragile and unstable.



2. Axe-chisel (Class 3)



Dimensions: maximum length 110.6mm; width of butt 14.8mm; blade width 44.6mm; maximum thickness 6.1mm; weight 84.4g.



This is a complete slender axe-chisel in good condition, with original surfaces surviving over the majority of the artefact. The axe-chisel is narrow butted and lenticular in profile. The sides of the axe-chisel are gently concave, expanding modestly from the butt to the blade end. The butt of the axe-chisel is curved with a low arch. There is no central stop bevel on the axe-chisel faces. On the lower face, near the blade edge surface striations are evident, generally aligned parallel with the artefact long axis and suggesting it was prepared for use. The axe-chisel has a mottled and variable coloured patina, ranging from green, grey-green to green-brown. One face has appreciable surface concretions, which are black and brown in colour and this would appear to have been the surface which was laid directly against the flat axe (above). Along one upper side towards the butt end, there is a linear groove or scratch, which has exposed fresh bronze metal and this appears to be recent. There is a circular scar on one upper face, near the face-edge, which appears to have been created by being recently knocked, to remove an area of fragile original surface. Near the butt end and at the blade margins, there are small areas where original surfaces have been lost, revealing grey green areas of powdery sub-surface.","The flat axe (No. 1, above) may be identified as a Class 3 flat axe, of the 3D sub-class named Type Barton Stacey. This identification is based upon a combination of stylistic and technological features and metrical measurements and ratios, as defined and developed by Needham in relation to the Early Bronze Age axes of central and southern England (Needham 1983; forthcoming). As such, this may be correlated with the Brithdir Assemblage (Period 2; Metalwork Assemblage III) at the very beginning of bronze casting in Britain around 2200/2150-2050 BC (e.g. Needham 1985, iii; 1996, 127-30; forthcoming; Needham et al 2015, 35-6; Rohl & Needham 1998,

88-9). These forms of flat axe are fairly well represented in Wales and The Marches.



The second smaller artefact (No. 2, above), may be identified as a Class 3 axe-chisel, based upon its stylistic and technological features, size and proportions. Class 3 axes and axe-chisels are diagnostic of the Brithdir and Mile Cross Assemblages (Period 2/ earlier Period 3; Metalwork Assemblages III & IV) in Britain between around 2200/2150-1950 BC (e.g. Needham 1985, iii; 1996, 127-32; forthcoming; Rohl & Needham 1998, 88-90). However, the features and proportions evident on this example are similar to those witnessed on the associated flat axe. This strongly supports the notion that this axe-chisel may also be dated to the Brithdir Assemblage (Period 2; Metalwork Assemblage III) and dating to around 2200/2150-2050 BC.



Class 3 axe-chisels are less common than Class 3 axes, though their frequency has been increasing in recent years through metal detected finds reported via the Portable Antiquities Scheme.



The finder's account of the discovery, a preliminary archaeological investigation of the find-spot of the hoard and careful observation of the two artefacts have provided important information about the manner of their burial in the ground. The finder reported the two artefacts were found lying flat, with the axe-chisel lying on the flat axe at a depth of approximately 30cm beneath the surface and beneath a large flat stone. It is highly probable that these two bronze artefacts were carefully placed together within a small pit, dug during the Early Bronze Age, which was quickly infilled and covered and concealed with a large limestone capping stone.



Metallurgical analysis of the flat axe and axe-chisel has confirmed that both artefacts are made of a tin bronze, with significant presence of arsenic as an impurity. This alloy composition adds weight to their dating attribution to the Brithdir Assemblage at the very beginning of bronze casting in Britain (ca. 2200/2150-2050 BC). Lead isotope analyses of other contemporary bronze flat axes from Britain have strengthened the evidence for a continuing use of arsenical copper sources within flat axes of this earliest bronze tradition (Rohl & Needham 1998, 88-9, Plots 26A & B) and the arsenical presence detected in this flat axe and axe-chisel is consistent with this picture. Analysis has also confirmed that both artefacts had extremely similar alloy signatures and were cast from the same metal alloy composition. This provides an additional strand of evidence in support of the contemporaneity of these two artefacts.



Authors



Adam Gwilt - Principal Curator: Prehistory, Department of History & Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales



Mark Lodwick - Co-ordinator of the Portable Antiquities Scheme in Wales (PAS Cymru)



Steve Sell - Volunteer Finds Liaison Officer, Formerly Archaeology Project Officer at Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust



Julia Koppe - PAS Cymru intern assistant / post-graduate student, University of Hamburg



Mary Davis - Principal Analytical Services Officer, Department of Collections Services, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2015-05-07T23:00:00Z,,2015TRW12,,,,,,,2,Adam Gwilt,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Bridgend,Bridgend,Coity Higher,SS9281,From finder,51.51756299,-3.55789882,NMGW-1D36B5,,DH010043.jpg,Early Bronze Age hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/DH010043.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624375.jpg
859308,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1400,"A complete copper alloy palstave axe dating to the early Middle Bronze Age. The palstave is complete and in good condition. The crescentic blade is wide and has a bevelled edge, clearer on one side than the other. The stop ridge between the raised low-flanged edges is likewise more prominent on one side than the other. There are no side loops nor a midrib down the centre of the blade.The lack of a side loop and lack of any ribs suggest this palstave may be relatively early and is probably of the Acton Park II period, c.1500-1400 BC.","
The palstave has an odd blue staining on one side - this may be a chemical reaction with contaminants from agricultural activities.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,439.8,,,24.9,115.3,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3895,From finder,51.6525132,-1.4521266,BERK-1D9AF0,,2017162.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave: Palstave Axe,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017162.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624403.jpg
859355,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-800,"Blade tip of a Bronze Age axe.



The item is fragmentary and only the curved blade edge of the axe remains. This makes it difficult to identify and date precisely, though it is likely, due to the metal composition and form, that the fragment is Bronze Age in date, c. 2350 - 800BC.



The blade tip is lentoid in cross section, with the edges being the thinnest point (1.1mm), and the thickness gradually tapering toward the centre and away from the edge.



​Dimensions: weight: 28.44g, length: 59.1mm, width: 19.6mm, thickness at thickest point: 7.1mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.44,,,7.1,59.1,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Epping Forest,Sheering,TL5014,Generated from computer mapping software,51.8045245,0.17417118,ESS-1E6591,,ESS1E6591.jpg,Bronze Age axe blade,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESS1E6591.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/626364.jpg
859394,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Summary of report for HM Coroner:



Bronze Age copper-alloy fragmentary metal work hoard which had been stored in a ceramic vessel that had later been hit by a plough/farm machinery and partially scattered a small distance around the location of the vessel. Some fragments of metal were still within the cracked vessel while others had dispersed slightly.



61 sherds of ceramic vessel (possibly Deverel Rimbury ware). 21 of these sherds are extremely small fragments. At least two of the larger sherds cross-fit.





8 fragments (of possible scabbard chape) with more than two sides.

40 fragments of probable scabbard chape with two sides present (one with an interesting square notch at break), 10 of which seem to have shaped top edges.

102 fragments of single side of probable scabbard chape (very thin sheet metal most but not all have at least one rib). One not photographed with the others.

8 fragments that seem to be from a hollow artefact more solid than a scabbard chape. One has a circular notch at the break.

21 fragments which have one or more rib on one surface and are fairly chunky/solid and relatively flat.

8 fragments that have diagnostic features.

143 fragments that are fairly solid and flat, almost none have any rib. 7 of which have incomplete notches on the break which may aid identification.

9 other metal fragments. Mostly set molten drips or blobs, one piece that seems to be a circular cross-sectioned short length of wire. One looks more like a small dusty sherd of ceramic vessel but has a more metallic weight to it.

2 fragments of cu. One is sheet metal with three sides, possibly scabbard chape. Another solid piece of metal is stuck within this three sided sheet metal. It is currently uncertain whether this is the remains of a blade within its chape or unrelated material lodged together.





Total fragments of cu. = 341.

Total fragments of ceramic vessel = 61.",Declared 'Treasure' at inquest 22/06/2022.,4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2017-04-30T23:00:00Z,2017-05-30T23:00:00Z,2017T697,,,,,,,402,Helen Fowler,Helen Fowler,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Heydon,TL4341,From a paper map,52.04894892,0.08392632,CAM-22D427,,,,,,,
859397,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"An incomplete small copper alloy socketed and side-looped spearhead. Part of the socket has been broken off and the tip pf the spearhead is missing. The blades are short and leaf-shaped. The hollow of the socket extends 46 mm into the the spear. It is circular and tapers towards the tip, becoming lozengiform in cross section as it develops into the solid mid-rib between the blades. There are two small, oval, pierced side loops set opposite each other part way along the socket. There are traces of casting lines along the sides of the spearhead running from above the side loops to the base of the blades. Below the side loops, the casting lines appear to have been smoothed away.

Date: Early Middle Bronze Age, c. 1600-1400BC

Dimensions: 68.80 mm x 22.06 mm x 13.22 mm

Weight:. 27.58



Dot Boughton suggests LANCUM-7609C0 on the PAS database as a parrallel in which record she notes ""Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, c. 1500-1150BC. The spearhead was likely to have been short and similar to Savory (1980) nos. 227 - 230, which Savory argues are of Acton Park metal, although no. 228 gave an analysis suggesting Penard metal. A side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has been radio-carbon dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating.""",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,27.48,,,13.22,68.8,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Frampton,SY6093,Generated from computer mapping software,50.73522697,-2.56817768,DOR-2D27D7,,2D27D7.jpg,Middle Bronze Age socketed and side-looped spear head,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/2D27D7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624550.jpg
859657,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A tip fragment of a copper-alloy spearhead of probable Middle Bronze Age date c. 1500 - 1150 BC. The remaining tip has a very well defined central rib that has a rounded diamond form, there is no indication of a socket remaining with this piece. The sides have a slight concave line to them, there are multiple longitudinal striations to the blade surfaces. The surface has a smooth dark green patina with some fritting to the rib and blades.



See Object Datasheet No.5  A Short Guide to Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads - Group 8 (possible)",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.2,,,7.9,46.32,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Lewknor,SU7097,From finder,51.66742567,-0.98924246,BERK-41B0C2,,BERK41B0C2.jpg,BA Spear Tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERK41B0C2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624767.jpg
859659,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1250,"A cast copper alloy slender un-looped Middle Bronze Age palstave, probably from the Taunton metalwork phase and dating from c. 1500- 1300 BC. The cutting edge has a pronounced crescentic form with the tips re-curving back onto the expanding form of the blade body. The body has a well-defined stop ridge just short of midway down its length and the flanges extend and taper, down to the blade section. There are clear casting lines down each side of the axe, there are no other design elements to be seen.



The blade appears to have been lightly used with a few small indentations and modest striations over its surface. However, it can't be ruled out that the markings are from its time and movement in the ground. The surface looks to have been 'treated' in some way with the resultant loss of the original patination - the finder reports that this palstave was found during works on a medieval moated site in the 1980s, and appears to have come from the dredge of the moat. This may explain the surface appearance of the axe. This palstave is unusual in the inclusion of flange extensions on the side of the blade but without a central midrib. Rowlands (1976: plate 26, nos. 252, 189, 238) illustrates three similar examples which he define as his type 2 (side flanged) form dating to c. 1500-1150 cal BC. There are no good parallels illustrated by Schmidt and Burgess (1981) although the form most closely corresponds to their Group 2 (early Mid ribbed) due to the flange extensions. They suggest this form is one of the earlier tpyes dating to the Acton Park to Taunton Phase of the bronze Age c.1500-1250 cal BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,477.4,,,29.4,70.1,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Lewknor,SU7097,From finder,51.66742567,-0.98924246,BERK-41E4C6,,BERK41E4C6.jpg,Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERK41E4C6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624769.jpg
859675,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, dating to the period 1100 BC- 800 BC. All that remains of this axehead is the cutting edge, blade tip and part of the blade. It is possibly a Penard/Wilburton type, though exact categorisation is difficult as only a small portion of the axehead remains. The fragment measures 30.15mm in length and 35.63mm at maximum width on the cutting edge, before tapering down to 29.22mm on the blade. What remains of the axehead is triangular in cross-section. The patina is quite smooth, and light green in colour. The cutting edge has worn smooth. In total, the fragment weighs 43.54g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,43.54,,,,30.15,1,Fiona Johnstone,Fiona Johnstone,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Wootton Bassett,SU0679,,51.50989779,-1.91493675,WILT-43B254,,WILT43B254.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/flojohnstone/WILT43B254.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/624797.jpg
860042,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A complete middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave, probably dating to c. 1500-1300 BC. The palstave is 148.8mm long, with the stop ridge being 62.1mm from the butt. Both the butt end and septum are rectangular, the latter being 10.8mm deep at the stop ridge, which is angled, sloping inwards. The flanges, 3.1mm thick, are lozenge-shaped when viewed in profile, reaching a maximum width of 34.1mm, expanding from 27.8mm at the stop ridge. In plan, the palstave is measures 16.6mm wide at the butt, expanding immediately below it to reach a maximum of 22.6mm roughly in line with the beginning of the flanges. The width then remains largely consistent, being 21.2mm at the stop ridge, below which point the blade begins to flare outwards in a gradual curve, reaching 58.7mm wide at the cutting edge, which is crescentic, with unflaired tips. In profile the blade is broadly triangular, narrowing immediately below the stop ridge in a curved line to 17.4mm, from which point the narrowing is more gradual, tapering to a point at the cutting edge. The blade is unflanged.



The palstave is looped, the inclusion of which takes the maximum width to 29.3mm, the lower edge of the loop is in line with the stop ridge, and it is 20.8mm long and 9.1mm wide (when the palstave is viewed in profile). Both sides of the palstave have longitudinal casting seams, relatively unpronounced. Both faces of the blade feature trident decoration immedieately below the stop ridge, this being a short central mid-rid contained within a shield shaped depression, itself defined by slightly raised ridges.



Overall dimensions: length 148.8mm; width 58.7mm; thickness 34.1mm; weight 333g.



A Palstave featuring very similar ""trident"" decoration can be seen illustrated by Pearce (1984, no. 809), described as being of high-flanged South-Western type. Another comparable palstave, although with lower flanges is published by Knight, Omrod & Pearce (2015, no. 460), from a small hoard in Somerset. Comparable palstaves on this database include LVPL-135122 and WAW-B8887E. The axehead probably fits into Needham's group III and the Acton Park II or Taunton metal working phases, and probably dates to c. 1500-1300 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,2017-07-28T23:00:00Z,,,333,,,34.1,148.8,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Devon,North Devon,Filleigh,SS6728,Generated from computer mapping software,51.03592427,-3.89826519,DEV-8907FD,,DEV8907FD.JPG,Bronze Age looped trident decorated palstave,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridgedev/DEV8907FD.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/627643.jpg
860046,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy Late Bronze Age awl dating to the period 1150 - 800 BC. The awl is elongated and has four broadly rectangular facets tapering slightly to both ends. It is almost square in cross section and its widest point is approximately at the centre of it. One of the end has a pointed tip, circular in cross-section and probably used to pierce leather and similar materials. The other end is rounded and D-shaped in cross section. The awl is smooth, udecorated and covered with a green patina. It measures 49.24mm in length, 3.64mm in width, 3.42 mm  thick and weighs 3.41g.



A similar awl is illustrated in Read B. (2001), p. 94, no. 694. Similar awls are also recorded on PAS database as SWYOR-220A7C, LEIC-1EA9CB and SUR-660898 and WILT-BBA285.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.41,,,3.42,49.24,1,Nadia Messina,Nadia Messina,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Winterbourne Stoke,SU0843,,51.18617291,-1.88691593,WILT-97977D,,IMG_0524eco.jpg,awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nadia/IMG_0524eco.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/625458.jpg
860344,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age cast copper-alloy fragment of a palstave-type axe dating to the period c. 1500-1000 BC. The fragment is the butt end of a palstave axe. The beginnings of the side wings survive. 



The fragment measures 12.41mm in length, 16.64mm width, 5.30mm in thickness, and weighs 3.59 g



Similar object are also recorded on PAS database as SF-A50CA6 and SUR-A10D3B.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.59,,,5.3,12.41,1,Nadia Messina,Nadia Messina,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Winterbourne Stoke,SU0843,,51.18617291,-1.88691593,WILT-AD0354,,WILTAD0354.jpg,fragment of a palstave-type axe,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nadia/WILTAD0354.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/625414.jpg
860485,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1725,-1500,"A complete copper alloy Early Bronze Age flanged axehead.



This axehead has a rounded arched butt and slightly diverging sides that abruptly expand to a broad crescentic blade and cutting edge, with the blade tips at right angles to the sides, but not recurving. Cast flanges extend along the sides, rising very gradually from the butt towards the middle of the axe and sloping down again to the blade expansion. This gives the axe a very shallow lenticular side profile. The flanges are slightly triple-faceted, so are slightly angled inwards on both faces and on one side very faint traces of decoration can be observed when lit correctly along the central, flat facet; this decoration appears to be hammered, angled corded decoration.



The axe has a curved bevel or ridge about halfway down the septum (c.53.5mm from the butt), which is marginally lower than the flanges, but indicates the beginnings of stop ridge technology as is seen on later flanged axes and palstaves. A second curved ridge has been hammered into both faces at the blade expansion, though this is clearer on the better preserved face and a shallow groove can be observed, emphasising this ridge. The cutting edge is quite deep (26mm) and has an even crescentic cutting edge, though this has slightly abraded as a result of corrosion.



On the better preserved face, on the inside of the flange on the right hand side of the septum below the bevel (when looked at in plan), there are two or three small angular indentations that are likely associated with working of the axe (e.g. hammering), but could represent the remains of decoration. The expansion of the blade is likely a combination of the original cast shape and hammering/working of the blade post-casting.



Very little of the original surface of the axe is preserved. On one face there is dark green patina, preserving subtler features, but this is overall pocked with pale green corrosion. The sides of the axe are similar pocked and the opposite face is almost entirely covered in green corrosive build-up, which is particularly extensive on the blade and cutting edge.



Length 122mm; blade width (tip to tip) 60.5mm; butt width 20.5mm; max. flange breadth 15mm; max. flange height c.2mm; bevel thickness (at centre) c.12.5mm; body width (at bevel) 26mm; weight 250.3g.","The height of the flanges (i.e. above 1.5mm) and overall form of the axe means it can be confidently classed as a low-flanged axe, datable to the Arreton assemblage (c.1725-1500 cal. BC)/Period 4 of the Early Bronze Age (Needham 1996; Needham et al. 1997). The axe can be classed as Type Arreton (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 72-75) or Class 5 (following Needham 1983; forthcoming). Class 5 axes can be further sub-divided by taking additional measurements according to Needham (1983; forthcoming), specifically relating to the 'mean relative width of the body (MRW)' i.e. the breadth of the body. This axe possesses a MRW of 0.75mm, which can be considered 'slender' and falls within Needham's (forthcoming) Class 5B Bisham.



Class 5B axes are known from across southern Britain, with examples of similar sizes from Syon Reach, Gloucestershire (Needham 1983, GL 20) and Milverton, Somerset (ibid., So 3/3). The depth of the Cowbridge blade/cutting edge (i.e. 26mm) is quite large considering the overall length of this axe, but an axe with similar proportions of length, blade depth and width can be observed in the Poslingford hoard, Suffolk (Needham 1983, Sf 26/7). This axe also has faceted flanges, though differs from the Cowbridge axe in having recurved blade tips and a shallower bevel.



The bevel on the Cowbridge axe is quite unusual and can be considered a 'stop-bump' (following Needham forthcoming), which anticipates the technological development of full stop ridges as seen on later flanged axes (specifically palstaves); this feature might thus indicate this axe can be dated later within the Arreton assemblage.



Needham (1983, 198) lists 179 Class 5 axes from southern Britain, indicating the broad currency of this axe type. In Wales, approximately 25 examples are currently known from both hoards and isolated contexts, with recent discoveries rapidly changing the image of how these axes were circulated. Class 5 axes are present in hoards from Menai Bridge, Anglesey (Savory 1980, 115, No.259), Llanover, Monmouthshire (NMGW-3F3BBC) and Wenvoe, Vale of Glamorgan (NMGW-0B9997). Single finds are also known from Margam, Neath Port Talbot (Savory 1976; 1980, 102, No.122), Bangor Is-y-coed, Wrexham (CPAT-9DFD01) and Llanbradach and Pwllypant, Caerphilly (NMGW-CD7412).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,250.3,,,,122,1,Matthew Knight,Matthew Knight,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Cowbridge with Llanblethian,SS9874,From a paper map,51.45575985,-3.46943322,NMGW-C21D78,,cowbridgeaxe.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/cowbridgeaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/631085.jpg
860517,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-300,"A complete cast copper alloy moustache-like object probably dating from the Middle Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age (1500-300 BC).

The object consists of two pointed drop-shaped elements, D-shaped in cross-section and joined at their wider, rounded ends by a short, recessed oval neck. There are multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper face on both domed sides of the object, the tapering lower parts are plain. The two moustache tips or prongs flare slightly outwards and terminate with a small rounded knop. The central neck section of the object is plain and undecorated but the underside (between the two prongs) has a squared perforation, now filled with iron corrosion, presumably from whatever object the 'moustache' was mount on to.","These moustache-like objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (Current Archaeology March 2012, Issue 264, 35). Some are 'single' examples while others are 'double' like this example, the drop-shaped elements often extending downwards rather more than outwards, for example YORYM-1AA0C5, SF-520513, HAMP-6F4C45 and BH-AA1CBE.



The open area at the centre of the object suggests it was meant to top something that fitted into this gap. Descriptions of other moustache-like objects with similar perforations describe iron corrosion or wood mineralisation around the perforation. Although very similar to wing-shaped chapes, it seems unlikely they had a similar function, as the perforation (and size of the object) is comparably small.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-06-03T23:00:00Z,,,,11,,,8.7,21.1,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From a paper map,51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-C3E5A3,,2017188.jpg,Unidentified object: Bronze Age mount,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017188.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/627058.jpg
860640,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy hoard.




1. Ribbed socketed axe fragment



Dimensions: surviving length70.3mm; surviving blade width 44.2mm; width at upper break approx.33.5mm; surviving depth of socket approx. 49.0mm; surviving weight 110.9g.



Blade and body fragment of a ribbed socketed axe of bronze, with the mouth, loop, upper body and one side missing. Three near parallel ribs descend down each face. The surviving axe side is near straight, but slightly divergent toward the blade end, with a slight outward curvature near the blade. The surviving face edges are rounded giving the axe a sub-rectangular shaped cross-section. The surviving casting seam is visible but has been carefully filed or hammered down. On one lower face, there are striations running parallel with the blade edge and slightly higher up, striations running parallel with the long axis and at near right-angles with those nearer the blade edge. These suggest the axe was once prepared and sharpened for use. The original blade edge has been completely eroded away and the surviving edge surfaces are fragile with a light green patina. All break edges are fragile, with a light green patina. On the side which is largely missing, the surviving lower side area is also highly eroded, also with a light green patina. Original surfaces have a grey green patina. Across one face, near and at right angles to the ends of the face-ribs, there is a linear surface scar, which looks modern and may be slight damage caused when the axe was discovered and removed from the ground.



2. Probable plano-convex ingot fragment



Dimensions: maximum length 59.3mm; maximum width 39.5mm; maximum thickness 20.4mm; surviving weight 153.9g.



A solid and heavy copper fragment with two convex shaped sides and highly eroded surfaces. In cross-section, the fragment is thinnest near one of the convex shaped edges and significantly thickens to the second convex shaped edge, which has a near vertical but heavily eroded break edge. One surface is slightly irregular but nearing flat, while the underside has a marked convex curve as it thickens from edge toward deeper centre. The underside has a green patina, while the upper surface and breaks have large areas of brown coloured surface with localised areas of green surface concretions.","The socketed axe fragment (No. 1) may be identified as of a ribbed form, however insufficient of the axe survives to be able to identify it to precise type. The rounded face edges, carefully filed or hammered casting seam and generally slender, rather than blocky proportions of this axe would tend to suggest that this was not an example of a South Wales type axe (e.g. McNeil 1973; Moore 1978; Needham 1981; 1990, 38-41; Gwilt 2004; Burgess 2012; Northover unpublished). It is possible that this could once have been a Class B Southern English ribbed axe, or a ribbed axe of Breiddin, Croxton or Llanarth forms (Burgess 1963; Needham 1990, 32-8; Coombs 1991, 133 & 136, Cat. 138, Fig. 56; Northover unpublished, 267), however the absence of upper body and mouth elements prevent attribution with any degree of confidence. As a socketed axe, this artefact may confidently be dated to the Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC), while probably belonging to the latter Ewart Park phase of this period (1000-800 BC).



The second fragment (No. 2) has shape characteristics consistent with being a fragment of a plano-convex ingot. Typical features include a round or oval plan shape, with an irregular but flatter upper surface, with a convex shaped underside, shallow at margins and deepening towards the centre. Its eroded surfaces and breaks suggest the fragment had been within the upper aerated soil for some time. Metallurgical analysis of the probable ingot fragment has shown it to be made of copper, with traces of arsenic and silver detected. Such a composition is consistent with other examples of copper ingot fragments known within Late Bronze Age hoards in Wales (Gwilt et al 2011; 2014a & b). As such, a reasonable case can be made for the contemporaneity of these two artefacts, both of Late Bronze Age date and probably dating to the Ewart Park phase (1000-800 BC).



Plano-convex ingot fragments become common components of hoards towards the end of the Late Bronze Age. Over 40 Carp's Tongue hoards of Ewart Park date, mostly from East Anglia, Essex and Kent, reported as treasure between 2003 and 2008 have contained plano-convex ingots (also termed cake ingots and bun-shaped ingots) (DCMS 2004; 2007; British Museum 2008; 2009; 2010). In south-east Wales, the Cowbridge, Glascoed, Llancarfan and St Nicholas hoards have contained plano-convex copper alloy ingot fragments as a minority element represented within them (Gwilt 2004; 2008). In Pembrokeshire, ingot fragments appear to form a major component of the Late Bronze Age hoards from Freshwater West, Marloes & St Brides and Manorbier (Gwilt et al 2011; 2014b; Murphy unpublished; Northover unpublished, H. 140).



The account of the discovery of these two artefacts suggests that they were probably disturbed from their original burial context and dispersed from each other over a short distance (1.8m) in the recent past. It is probable that these two artefacts, and possibly additional objects now lost, were buried together in the ground at the same time, probably in a purpose dug small pit feature. It is likely that the objects were disturbed and became slightly dispersed through agricultural or earth moving activity during the recent past. It is possible that the mouth and loop end of the axe became damaged and lost when or after it was disturbed.





Authors



Adam Gwilt - Principal Curator: Prehistory, Department of History & Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales



Mary Davis - Principal Analytical Services Officer, Department of Collections Services, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales



Mark Lodwick - Portable Antiquities Scheme Wales (PAS Cymru) Co-ordinator",3,Copper alloy,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2014-11-15T00:00:00Z,2014-11-16T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,2,Adam Gwilt,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Torfaen,Torfaen,Trevethin,SO2703,From finder,51.72095241,-3.05818117,NMGW-D8F445,,,,,,,
860724,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1000,"A worn fragment of cast probable Middle Bronze Age transitional or late looped palstave axe head.



The fragment of axe survives in the shape of a rough treapezium, with the wider, blade end being more rounded. In cross section it is rectangular to the narrower end and becomes more pointed oval in cross-section towards the blade edge. Due to have pitting no detail of casting seam or simialr casting imperfections are visible. In profile the cutting edge narrows to a rounded point, it is narrow which suggests that it is probably a transitional palstave, although due to wear it is not possible to be certain. There is a worn break across the body of the axe head, and much of the blade appears to be missing likely due to wear/resharpening. The axe head has a dark green mottled patina with patches of light great particularly around the heavy pitting on its surface. All edges are heavily worn suggesting much of the damage occured in antiquity.



Length: 36 mm, Width: 33 mm, Thickness: 11 mm, Weight: 47.21 g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-08-12T23:00:00Z,,,,47.21,,,11,36,1,Mr David Clarke,Mr David Clarke,South East,Kent,Swale,Sheldwich,TR0156,GPS (from the finder),51.26769928,0.87989308,PUBLIC-0A5278,,misc447.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stuff8472/misc447.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/625911.jpg
860905,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete copper alloy socketed gouge. The upper part and socket are circualr in cross section. The socket is 15.2 mm in internal diameter and approiimately 50 mm in depth. Around the socket is a thick, rounded collar. The gouge tapers slightly and becomes C-shaped in cross section towards the cutting edge. There is casting line along each side. The cutting edge is slightly lopsided, probably as a result of use wear.
Date: Late Bronze Age - c. 1000 - 800 BC
Dimensions: 73.71 mm x 22.88 mm x 3.81 mm
Weight: 57.22 g



A silmilar gouge is recorded in database record DUR-06F0E8 and dated to the Ewart Park metalwork phase",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,57.22,,,3.81,73.71,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Stinsford,SY7193,From finder,50.73588261,-2.4123093,DOR-2A0940,,2A0940.jpg,Late Bronze Age gouge,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/2A0940.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/626161.jpg
860908,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A incomplete cast copper-alloy rapier. At the butt is a small, narrowed tang with a rounded end. It does not appear to be broken. The blade is expanded from the hilt with angled shoulders and tapers towards the bent and broken opposite end. It has a lenticular profile and a low mid-rib on both faces. It has possibly been deliberately broken in antiquity.

Date: Bronze Age c. 1600 - 1000 BC

Dimensions: 141.65 mm x 19.68 mm x 4.05 mm

Weight: 60.86 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,60.89,,,4.05,141.65,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Owermoigne,SY7684,Centred on field,50.65517882,-2.34087075,DOR-2A928E,,2A928E.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/2A928E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/626158.jpg
861045,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"An incomplete, cast, copper alloy, Bronze Age socketed axehead,1100-900BC.



The axehead has been damaged and is missing the loop that would have been attached to the top side. The blade has been worn down and is quite corroded, giving it a straigter profile rather than the more usual crescent. The sides of the axehead are smooth and the socket is almost circular in cross section. There is a defeined casting seam along the top and bottom edges. The axe has a slight taper from the blade but flares outward again at the socket. There is no decoration around the socket mouth.



There is a small knop of bronze on the inside of the socket which likely represents where the casting well was attached in the mould.  



There is a similar axehead in Savory 1980, pg.188 no.197, dated to the late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,95,1,Edwin Wood,Edwin Wood,South East,East Sussex,Rother,Mountfield,TQ7421,GPS (from the finder),50.96215031,0.47640431,SUSS-30F343,,Axehead.jpg,"An incomplete, cast, copper alloy, Bronze Age axehead, 2000-1000BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/626114.jpg
861289,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Probable Bronze Age gold strip fragment.



This is a semi-worked thickened strip fragment of gold of broadly rectangular shape. The strip has been worked and there are hammer facets visible on the flat surfaces and side margins. One edge has been hammered up and has a projecting margin on one face edge. The strip was broken at one end with a double-grip tool without sharp edges. As a result, there is widening, lateral distortion with thinning at one end, near the break. On one face, the break has created a near flat angled facet, while on the reverse there is a distinct concave curvature of the break, where gripped. The opposite end looks to have been snapped, rather than pulled, the break edge being irregular and with no thinning and minimal distortion of shape evident. Projecting burrs on the face edges look to have been hammered down. On one face, there is a linear crack evident in the metal along the axis of the strip, while a second smaller area of surface cracking is also evident. The gold has a yellowish tinge, rather than tending toward silver or having an orange hue.



Dimensions: maximum length 12.7mm; maximum width 8.5mm; maximum thickness 2.8mm; weight 2.37g.","Metallurgical analysis (Mary Davis)



Method



Semi-quantitative surface analysis of the gold strip was undertaken for the gold, silver and copper content of the gold fragment. This was achieved using a Bruker TRACeR III-SD hand-held X-ray fluorescent spectrometer (HH-XRF) with a rhodium tube, and a titanium/aluminium filter. The readings were taken at 40 kV and 9.6µA for 100 live seconds.

Surface analysis is susceptible to distortions due to the asymmetry of whole objects (rather that flat polished samples). Surface corrosion can lead to the surface enrichment (e.g. tin) and depletion (e.g. zinc) of elements.



Results



Three spectra were taken of the object, which was found not to be particularly homogeneous in composition, and the overall results averaged:

Gold: 85-87%;

Silver: 10-12%

Copper: 2-2.5%



Interpretation



The amount of copper and silver present in the gold fragment is consistent with a typical Bronze Age composition. The results sit within the known range of compositions of gold objects from Wales of either Middle or Late Bronze Age date (e.g. Gwilt et al 2005, 36 & Fig. 4).



Identification & discussion (Adam Gwilt)



As a fragment of semi-worked gold, it is not possible to identify this with certainty to a class of finished gold artefact type of known period or date. The hammering and working technique observed on this fragment (see above description) is consistent with observed Bronze Age working technology, however is not, in itself, diagnostic to a particular date.

In this instance, it is the metallurgical analysis of the composition of this gold fragment which provides the most instructive evidence as to the possible age of this object. The high, but not refined gold content in this strip fragment, in the range of 85-87% gold and with 10-12% silver content is consistent with known Bronze Age gold compositions, to some degree reflecting the natural incidence of silver within alluvial gold ores. Copper was deliberately added to gold alloys in the Bronze Age, with the general trend for increasing proportions of copper with time, Late Bronze Age artefacts generally containing 4-10% copper and Early Bronze Age gold generally with less than 1% copper content (e.g. Hartmann 1980; Northover 1993, 517, Fig. 2). This strip, containing 2.0-2.5% copper sits in the overlap zone with other gold artefacts dating to the Middle and Late Bronze Age (Gwilt et al 2005, 36 & Fig. 4). Typically, Roman gold is highly refined, with the silver and copper content removed, giving the metal a more reddish colour.



Part-worked or re-worked fragments of Bronze Age gold are sometimes discovered, as single finds or as elements within hoards (e.g. Green 1983; Green & Northover 1996; Gwilt et al 2005; DCMS 2004, 19, Cat. & Fig. 11; DCMS 2007, 22-3, 26, & 39, Cats. & Figs. 5, 7, 17 & 25; British Museum 2008, 22 & 24, 273-5, Cats. & Figs. 27, 33 & 34). Their occurrence as single finds has been increasing in recent years, as better levels of reporting treasure finds have been achieved through the Portable Antiquities Scheme in England and Wales. Therefore, the possibility of this strip being a single find of Bronze Age date is also consistent with a wider reported pattern.



A preliminary search of the Heritage Environment Record for Monmouthshire has indicated there are no known Bronze Age or prehistoric sites in the immediate landscape vicinity of the find-spot.



Authors



Adam Gwilt - Principal Curator: Prehistory, Department of History & Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales



Mary Davis - Formerly Principal Analytical Services Officer, Department of Collections Services, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales



References



British Museum 2008. Treasure Annual Report 2005/6, London: British Museum / Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



DCMS 2002. The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



DCMS 2004. Treasure Annual Report 2003, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



DCMS 2007. Treasure Annual Report 2004, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



Green, H.S. 1983 Exhibits at ballots: A Late Bronze Age gold hoard from Llanarmon-yn-Iâl, Clwyd, Antiquaries Journal 63, 384-7.



Green, S.A. & Northover, J.P. 1996. Note: Recent Finds of Late Bronze Age Gold from South Wales, Antiquaries Journal 76, 223-8.



Gwilt, A., Kucharski, K., Silvester, R. & Davis, M. 2005. A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevalyn Farm, Rossett, Wrexham; With Some Observations on Hoarding Practice and Gold Bracelet Weights, Studia Celtica 39, 27-61.



Hartmann, A. 1980. Appendix 3; Analyses by A. Hartmann of British Prehistoric Gold and Some British Ores, In J.J. Taylor, Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 138-41.



Northover, J.P. 1993. Bronze Age Gold in Britain, In G. Morteani & J.P. Northover (eds.), Prehistoric Gold in Europe; Mines, Metallurgy and Manufacture, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 515-31.",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2016-02-24T00:00:00Z,,2016TRW04,,2.37,,,2.8,12.7,1,Adam Gwilt,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Grosmont,SO3822,From finder,51.89308639,-2.9023687,NMGW-573091,,,,,,,
861731,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1900,"A highly abraded Bronze Age copper alloy miniature flat axehead, probably dating to c. 2150-1900 BC. The axehead is broadly sub-rectangular in plan and rectangular in cross-section. The axe expands from a now rounded butt, 19.6mm wide, to the mid-point, 22.8mm wide. Below the mid-point, which is thickened in profile, 9.2mm thick compared to 4.6mm at the butt, there is break in angle, with the blade expanding to 28.2mm, where it terminates in a curved cutting edge. There is the suggestion of flanges running down either edge of the axehead, though they are difficult to discern by eye, and they are more prominent at the butt end - although the abrasion means that it is impossible to be sure if this was so originally.



Dimensions: length 63.3mm; width 28.2mm; thickness 9.2mm; weight 59.91g.



The axehead can be compared in terms of its general proportions to axes of the Brithdir metalworking phase published by Rohl and Needham (1998: fig. 24, esp. nos. 35 & 36), which share this example's relatively broad butt and lack of flaring blade tips. Although extremely small, a great variation in terms of size is a noted feature of axes of this period, with these smaller axes probably bing used for lighter woodworking (Moore & Rowlands 1972:13).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2017-08-15T23:00:00Z,,,59.91,,,9.2,63.3,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Devon,South Hams,Sparkwell,SX5858,Centred on field,50.40467111,-3.99957782,DEV-B0516A,,DEVB0516A.JPG,Bronze Age flat axehead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridgedev/DEVB0516A.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/627492.jpg
862526,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-850,"A cast tanged dagger or knife blade dating to the Late Bronze Age. The blade is broadly rectangular in plan, slender and with a plain cross-section. The blade has the remains of shoulders just beneath the narrowed rectangular tang - the blade is complete with a rounded tip. The tang has a single rivet hole with a sloping edge, being sub-circular in plan in the centre of the shoulders. The blade has a dark brown, almost iron-like patina.



A similar example can be found on the database: BERK-80BA1E.",,4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by a museum - not a Treasure case,Metal detector,,,,,8,,,1.5,190,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,"Aston, Cote, Shifford and Chimney",SP3701,,51.70652449,-1.46594652,BERK-544F7B,,,,,,,
862530,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A complete copper alloy Middle Bronze Age unlooped palstave axehead (c.1500-c.1300 BC). The palstave shares typological features with Group I and Group II palstaves. These were the primary forms introduced to Britain in the Middle Bronze Age Schmidt and Burgess 1981). This particular axehead is probably a Group I (shield-pattern) type from the Acton Park phase of Bronze Age metalwork, distinguished by its shield-shaped decoration below the stop ridge (ibid.p.119). The axe is sub-triangular in plan and sub-rectangular in section, tapering to the blade terminal. The blade is narrow tapering and the axe is narrow and unlooped and the butt is broken. The patination suggests that itv was broken in antiquity. The axe has a well-defined, rounded stop-ridge on both sides rising at right angles to the septum. There are two pronounced flanges on either side which have been filed smooth. The septum is smooth and seemingly unworn and slightly inwardly curving. At the end of the septum is a moulded shield-shaped stop-ridge set transversely across the body. The blade is flared and the surface is smooth, bevelled and sharpened. Group I and II palstaves were the primary forms introduced to Britain in the Middle Bronze Age (ibid.p.119). This axe can be assigned to the Acton Park or early Taunton phase, circa 1450-1300 BC. The patination is a mid-green and pitting in the body of the axe suggests casting issues. The length is 160mm, the width is 53mm thickness 40mm and the weight too heavy for scales.



Pearce calls these palstaves 'the backbone of the Middle bronze Age industry' (page 23). They are a technical improvement on the ealrier flanged axes. The earliest palstaves lack side loops and have their blades decorated with a midrib (Group 1 type) like that from Chepstow, or with a shield pattern (Group 2 type). Early midrib and shield pattern palstaves were also being manufactured byt the Acton Park smiths of North Wales and by smiths in eastern Britain before 1400 BC.



Pearce, S.M., 1983 The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain Oxford : British Archaeological Reports , page 23 , fig 7c & 8e



Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 117-125



Photo from finder.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-08-27T23:00:00Z,2017-08-27T23:00:00Z,,,,,,40,160,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD7539,From finder,53.84663226,-2.38146836,LANCUM-548AA4,,LANCUM548AA4.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM548AA4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/627683.jpg
862569,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy, probable tip from a spear head, of probable Middle Bronze Age dating (1500 BC to 1150 BC).



Around 5% of the spearhead is present, consisting only of the probable tip. It is triangular in shape. Triangular blades extend from either side, with a central rib on both sides.



It measures 22.4 mm in length, 11.4 mm wide (base), 5.3 mm wide (tip) and 6.3 mm thick at the break, and 3.0 mm thick at the tip. It weighs 2.8 g.



The probable spear head is a dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-14T23:00:00Z,2017-04-14T23:00:00Z,,,2.8,,,6.3,22.4,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Deanshanger,SP7639,From finder,52.04419594,-0.8932804,WMID-560F7F,,wmid560f7f.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Probable spear head,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/wmid560f7f.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/627785.jpg
862636,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy Late Bronze Age awl or chisel dating to the period 1150 - 800 BC. The awl is elongated and has four broadly rectangular facets tapering slightly to both ends. It is almost square in cross section and its widest point is approximately at the centre of it. One of the end has a pointed tip,and probably used to pierce leather and similar materials. The other end is rounded. The awl is covered with a green and white patina. It measures 49.7 mm in length 7.39,mm in width, 2.81 mm in thick and weighs 6.52g.



A similar awl is illustrated in Read B. (2001), p. 94, no. 694.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.52,,,2.81,49.7,1,Nadia Messina,Nadia Messina,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Ogbourne St. George,SU2076,,51.48260445,-1.7133777,WILT-5856E2,,cosoinbronzo.jpg,awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nadia/cosoinbronzo.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/627799.jpg
862679,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"Tip of cast copper-alloy spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 BC]. The spear tip fragment is 33.98mm in length with a width of 14.89mm and a maximum thickness of 7.35mm. The weight of the spear tip is 8.54g. The fragment is lancet shaped and tapers to a point. It has a profile of a circle with a narrow blade protruding centrally from either side, resulting in a ridge running up the centre of the spear head. The edges of the spear tip have sustained damaged and are highly worn and dented. Corrosion of the copper-alloy has resulted in a smooth dark green patina. Not enough of the spearhead has remained to be able to date this fragment to a more precise range, although the circular section, the angle of the blade, and the midrib extending to the to the tip suggest comparisons with spearheads in Davis Groups 6-11.



Similiar object on the database: WMID - 560F7F.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.54,,,7.35,33.98,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Langtoft,SE9966,GPS (from the finder),54.08041299,-0.48825758,YORYM-685950,,SSi0246.jpg,Bronze age : spear head,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/liddyprosser/SSi0246.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/630733.jpg
863232,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-2300,"An incomplete copper tanged dagger from the Copper Age/Beaker Period (c. 2500 - c. 2300 BC), missing its point and the end of its tang. The blade is broadly triangular and has a flat, pointed-oval cross-section. There is a ridge along the edge of the blade, where it was hammered to sharpen the edge. At the tang end the blade narrows sharply from 35.6 mm wide to 14.1 mm wide and then the tang projects from there and tapers gradually, measuring 11.4 mm wide at the break. The tang has a rectangular cross-section.



Overall, the dagger measures 114.6 mm long, 35.6 mm wide and 6.7 mm thick. It weighs 105.65 g.



The surface has mid to dark green patina, but the surface is pitted and in some places quite corroded and covered in light green and brown corrosion product.",,4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-03-01T00:00:00Z,2016-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,105.65,,,6.7,114.6,1,Alastair Willis,Alastair Willis,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Wirksworth,SK2753,From finder,53.07355488,-1.59845526,DENO-D366D7,,DENOD366D7.jpg,Copper Age tanged dagger,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENOD366D7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/628579.jpg
863252,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of the tip of a copper alloy socketed spearhead, dating to Middle to Late Bronze Age (1500 BC to 800 BC). The spear head is triangular in shape and lozenge in cross section. The spear head has triangular blades extending from either side, and a central ridge running vertically down both surfaces, tapering to the point. The metal is rough and worn, and one of the blades of the spear head is jagged. The spearhead has a dark green patina.



The spearhead tip is 24.6mm in length, 15.2mm wide, 8mm thick, and weighs 5.4g.



A similar spearhead on the PAS database is SUSS-B42098 which also cite references similar spearheads in Moore, C.N. and Rowlands, M., 1972 Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum Salisbury : Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum , Plate XI, 56.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-14T23:00:00Z,2017-05-14T23:00:00Z,,,5.4,,,8,24.6,1,Helena Costas,Helena Costas,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Mentmore,SP8819,From finder,51.86265298,-0.72347096,BUC-D45507,,BUCD45507.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hcostas/BUCD45507.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/628447.jpg
863283,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axe probably dating to the period c.950 - 750BC. The axe is probably a Faceted Axe, type Gillespie sometimes known as 'baggy axe'. These axes have been discovered in associated with the late Wilburton metalworking traditions (phase XI) and the Ewart Park tradition (phase XII). This corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 6-7 circa 1000-700 CAL. BC.



It is trapezoidal in shape and has a narrowed, triangular profile. The axe fragment consists of the lower portion of the axe that contain the slightly expanded cutting edge and the sides up to an old break just above the socket aperture to where the core of the mould would have ended. The remains of the socket are sub-rectangular in shape. There is no decoration visible on the surface. The axe was discovered on a small intertidal island and is very corroded and stained by salt water with a whitish-brown patina.

The length is 43mm, the width is 50mm and the weight 84.15g.



The length is 43mm, the width is 50mm and the weight 84.15g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-03T23:00:00Z,2017-09-03T23:00:00Z,,,84.15,,,,43,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Cumbria,Barrow-in-Furness,Walney North,SD1868,From finder,54.10133053,-3.25549763,LANCUM-D5F3D4,,LANCUMD5F3D4.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMD5F3D4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/628465.jpg
863291,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"A complete small copper alloy socketed and side-looped spearhead dating from the Early Middle Bronze Age, c. 1600-1400BC. The head is leaf-shaped and the socket has a pronounced midrib. The tip of the spearhead is thicker than the rest of the blade and there are very fine, very clear re-sharpening marks all around the edges of the wings, running parallel to it. The hollow of the socket extends into the spear. It is circular and tapers towards the tip, becoming lozengiform in cross section as it develops into the solid mid-rib between the blades. There are two small, oval, pierced side loops set opposite each other part way along the socket. There are traces of casting lines along the sides of the spearhead running from above the side loops to the base of the blades. Below the side loops, the casting lines appear to have been smoothed away. The spearhead is has a smooth chocolate-brown patina. The length is 150mm, the width is 27mm thickness 17mm and the weight 74.56g.



Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV and date to the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, c. 1500-1150BC. The spearhead was likely to have been short and similar to Savory (1980) nos. 227 - 230, which Savory argues are of Acton Park metal, although no. 228 gave an analysis suggesting Penard metal. A side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has been radio-carbon dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-03T23:00:00Z,2017-09-03T23:00:00Z,,,74.56,,,17,150,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Pendleton,SD7539,From finder,53.84663226,-2.38146836,LANCUM-D63A53,,LANCUMD63A53.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMD63A53.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/628468.jpg
863492,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2500,1485,"
A possibly Bronze Age, Roman or Medieval piece of copper-alloy casting debris. the fragment comprises a trilobe well and stub of an angled runner.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.93,,,11.5,36.44,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Houghton,SU3333,GPS (from the finder),51.0953641,-1.53013441,SUR-FA2B42,,171034.jpg,Bronze Age: Casting debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dwilliams/171034.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/635540.jpg
863621,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,1300,"A copper alloy Middle Bronze Age unlooped palstave axehead (c.1500-c.1300 BC).



The axe is sub-triangular in plan and sub-rectangular in section, tapering to the blade terminal. The blade is narrow tapering and the axe is narrow and unlooped. The blade is flared and the surface is smooth, bevelled and sharpened. The butt is broken and the patination suggests that it was broken in antiquity. The axe has a well-defined stop-ridge on both sides rising at right angles to the septum. The septum is H-shaped in section and is smooth, unworn and slightly concave. At the end of the septum is a moulded shield-shaped stop-ridge set transversely across the body. The patination is a mid-green with areas of dark grey patination on both faces of the septum. The length is 100.22mm, the width is at the blade is 37.16mm and at the butt is 21.94mm. Its thickness is 6.62mm at the blade, 11.30mm at the butt and 19.66mm at the stop ridge. It weighs 166.2g.



The palstave shares typological features with Group I and Group II palstaves, the primary forms introduced to Britain in the Middle Bronze Age (Schmidt and Burgess 1981). As there are no side loops or midrib, this palstave may be relatively early, probably a Group I (shield-pattern) type from the Acton Park phase of Bronze Age metalwork, c1450-1300BC. It can be distinguished by its shield-shaped decoration below the stop ridge (p.119).



Schmidt and Burgess tell us that the term 'palstave' is misleading, as it comes from the Icelandic 'Paalstab' meaning a digging tool, not a type of axe. The term is used in British archaeology to describe an axe where there is a stop and the flanges disappear into the stop. Palstaves are also thicker below the stop. They are usually decorated on the blade and, as time went on, developed loops. Group I palstaves have a shield-like decoration below the stop ridge and variable flanges.



The concentration of palstaves in the North West of England is explained by the proximity to the Acton Park province, the major production area in north Wales and the Marches.



Similar objects can be found on the database at LVPL-3EFEA7 and LVPL-84EBD1.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-06-28T23:00:00Z,,,,166.2,,,19.66,100.22,1,Ann Lipscombe,Ann Lipscombe,North West,Cumbria,South Lakeland,Burneside,SD5195,From finder,54.34817451,-2.75531965,DUR-FE8A86,,DURFE8A86.jpg,DUR-FE8A86,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DURFE8A86.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645277.jpg
863885,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"A complete cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axe dating from c. 10th-9th century BC. Probably a ribbed South Eastern variant. The axehead is complete and has suffered little damage, however some of the surface bronze has been lost from the blade edge. The blade edge is crescentic with both outer tips complete - there appears to have been little if any use of the blade. The axehead's socket is rectangular at the mouth and tapers through the length of the socket. Casting seams are prominent within the socket but are not visible externally. The socket has a rasied lip which slopes sharply and evenly to the main section of the axe. Externally there are three rasied ribs from the back of the socket towards the middle of the main body - the centre of the these ribs corresponds with the internal casting seam. There is a single side loop on one edge of the axehead.



The axe head measures 84.9mm long, 43mm wide (blade) and the internal socket width is 22.5mm. The axehead weighs 167.5 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,167.5,,,22.5,84.9,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,,,,,BERK-136875,,2017259.jpg,Iron Age axe: Socketed axehead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017259.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629112.jpg
864001,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,43,"
An incomplete Bronze Age to Iron Age copper-alloy awl which is square-sectioned in the centre and circular in section on the surviving terminal.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.62,,,5.17,46.59,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Amesbury,SU1642,GPS (from the finder),51.17701467,-1.77249601,SUR-2594DE,,SUR2594DE.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR2594DE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100160.jpg
864035,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,1900,"A complete gold sheet strip, dating from the Bronze Age to modern period. The strip would have originally been rectangular in shape, but has been bent and folded over in four different places. Near one of the folds is a slight tear along the edge. At either end of the strip is a circular pierced hole. The corners at each end of the strip are rounded, and the strip narrows slightly. On one side the object is decorated with ten raised ribs running the length of the object, there may have been more but one edge is worn. On the other side of the strip there is no decoration. The object is a bright yellow gold colour.



The object measures 49.3 mm in length, 12.5mm in width, 0.5mm in thickness, and weighs 5.06g.","As the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.



Coroner inquest: 05/05/2019



Acquired by BCM: 04.12.2019",4,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2017-08-02T23:00:00Z,,2017T784,,5.06,,,0.5,49.3,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Milton Keynes,Milton Keynes,Haversham-cum-Little Linford,SP8243,GPS (from the finder),52.07929674,-0.80485696,BUC-26AB57,,BUC26AB57.jpg,Unidentified object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC26AB57.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/632453.jpg
864162,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed axe head of the south-eastern type (plain A1) of Late Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The axe head has the standard double socket moulding although this is quite slight and / or worn in many places. Otherwise the axehead is plain externally. There is a single loop on one side of the axehead and the blade is wide and crescentic with some damage to the cutting edge. The casting seam is visible down both sides externally but is not visible within. The mouth of the socket is rectangular / square. The socket tapers down to where the crescentic edge of the blade begins. This axehead has suffered little damage and is in very good condition with a dull brown patina.



The axehead measures 78.8mm length, the blade is 46.7mm wide and the socket is 24.7mm wide internally. The axehead weighs 118.2 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,118.2,,,24.7,78.8,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Stanton St. John,SP5808,From finder,51.76768195,-1.16090501,BERK-2B2982,,2017266.jpg,Bronze Age Axe: Socketed axehead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017266.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629121.jpg
864195,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-50,"A cast copper alloy, socketed arrowhead possibly Late Bronze Age date, or later c. 1500 – 50 BC. The conoid socketed blade is bilobate with a pronounced lozenge form medial rib, and barbes. Now in poor condition with damage to the socket and an eroded surface. Length = 27.53mm, width = 8.76mm, weight = 2.2gm. It is conceivable that this arrowhead is of a later date, stylistically, it has a Late Bronze Age look.",Bucks PAS Record Sheet No 67,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Wicken,Northants",2.2,,,0.97,27.53,1,Ros Tyrrell,Michael Byard,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Wicken,SP7538,GPS (from the finder),52.03534293,-0.90807721,BERK-308C9A,,BERK308C9A.jpg,"Arrowhead -  cast copper alloy, socketed arrowhead possibly Late Bronze Age date",Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rodt/BERK308C9A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1121546.jpg
864654,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1300,"A complete copper alloy Middle Bronze Age unlooped palstave axehead (c.1500-c.1300 BC).



When viewed from the side the axe has a slender body of rectangular form, which then flares into the blade. In plan the axe is a slender pointed-oval. The butt is H-shaped in section and terminates towards the centre of the axe with a well-defined, rounded stop-ridge on both sides rising at right angles to the septum.



Beyond the septum is a moulded shield-shaped stop-ridge set transversely across the body. The blade is flared and the surface is smooth, bevelled and sharpened.



The palstave shares typological features with Group I and Group II palstaves. These were the primary forms introduced to Britain in the Middle Bronze Age (Schmidt and Burgess 1981). This particular axehead is probably a Group I (shield-pattern) type from the Acton Park or early Taunton phase of Bronze Age metalwork (circa 1450-1300 BC), distinguished by its shield-shaped decoration below the stop ridge (ibid.p.119). 



Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 117-125","
This axe was found at a rally. The find has been recorded using photos supplied by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-03T00:00:00Z,2016-01-03T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,150,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Baconsthorpe,TG1136,Recorded at a rally,52.88005674,1.13427917,LIN-7DAAC9,,LIN7DAAC9.jpg,Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN7DAAC9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/629468.jpg
865326,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A cast copper alloy slender looped Middle Bronze Age palstave, probably dating from c. 1500- 1300 BC. The cutting edge has a pronounced crescentic form with the tips re-curving back onto the expanding form of the blade body. The body has a well-defined stop ridge just short of midway down its length and the flanges extend and taper, down to the blade section. There are clear casting lines down each side of the axe, there are no other design elements to be seen.  There is a loop to one side at the juncture between blade and septum.  The palstave has an incomplete well-developed shiny blue-green coloured patina.



The palstave measures 160.0mm long from the blade cutting edge to the butt, 50.6mm wide from blade tip to blade tip, and 36.6mm thick across the stops. It weighs 370g.","The palstave is similar to Figure 22, No. 166 in Savoury (1980). The palstave is an early/primary Group III example which dates to the Middle Bronze Age period, and can be narrowed down to c. 1500-1300 BC.



Savory, H.N. 1980 Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections National Museum of Wales: Cardiff",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,536,50.66,,,160.2,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Lewknor,,,,,BERK-BAA8D7,,BERKBAA8D7Palstavelooped.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave: looped,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bertie123/BERKBAA8D7Palstavelooped.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1078426.jpg
865327,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-1000,"A cast copper alloy slender looped Middle Bronze Age palstave, probably dating from c. 1500- 1300 BC. The cutting edge has a pronounced crescentic form with the tips re-curving back onto the expanding form of the blade body. The body has a well-defined stop ridge just short of midway down its length and the flanges extend and taper, down to the blade section. There are clear casting lines down each side of the axe, there are no other design elements to be seen. There is a loop to one side at the juncture between blade and septum.



The diagnostic features of this palstave are its long thing blade, only slightly crescent stopridge, a wide but shallow midrib and an attatchment loop. These are all characteristics highlighted by Schmidt and Burgess (1981: pl 62) for the Shelf variant of transtional palstaves. similarly Rowlands (1976: plate 32) illustrates similar forms all categorised as narrow bladed palstaves. Both studies suggest a late Middle Bronze age date in the Penard to Wilburton/Wallington phase of the Bronze Agec.1250 -1000 cal BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,543,,,30.9,178.6,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Lewknor,,,,,BERK-BAB433,,BERKBAB433Looped.jpg,Bronze Age: Palstave: looped,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bertie123/BERKBAB433Looped.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1078576.jpg
865328,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A cast copper alloy slender looped Middle Bronze Age palstave, probably dating from c. 1500- 1300 BC. The cutting edge has a pronounced crescentic form with the tips re-curving back onto the expanding form of the blade body. The body has a well-defined stop ridge just short of midway down its length and the flanges extend and taper, down to the blade section. There are clear hammer marks across the body on both sides of the axe, there are no other design elements to be seen.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,583,,,,170,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Lewknor,,,,,BERK-BABD27,,,,,,,
865329,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A cast copper alloy slender looped Middle Bronze Age palstave, probably dating from c. 1500- 1300 BC. The cutting edge has a pronounced crescentic form with the tips re-curving back onto the expanding form of the blade body with slight damage to the cutting edge. The body has a well-defined stop ridge just short of midway down its length and the flanges extend and taper, down to the blade section. There are clear casting marks down the body on both sides of the axe, there are no other design elements to be seen.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,570,,,,179.9,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Lewknor,,,,,BERK-BAC6BD,,,,,,,
865331,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A cast copper alloy slender Middle Bronze Age palstave, probably dating from c. 1500- 1300 BC. The cutting edge has a pronounced crescentic form with the tips re-curving back onto the expanding form of the blade body with slight damage to the cutting edge. The body has a well-defined stop ridge just short of midway down its length and the flanges extend and taper, down to the blade section. There are clear casting marks down the body on both sides of the axe, there are no other design elements to be seen.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,453,,,,125.6,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Lewknor,,,,,BERK-BACCB4,,,,,,,
865335,Wire,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A small piece of copper alloy Bronze Age attachment wire to a Palstave axe.  Found with a hoard of 6 (2 unlooped, 4 looped) axes.  Looped around.



BERK-",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3,,,,,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Lewknor,,,,,BERK-BAE278,,,,,,,
865569,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"A copper alloy, Bronze Age, palstave axe head, 1500-1000BC. The palstave comprises a broad, curved blade, fan shaped. It tapers back from the blade in an arc before levelling out to form the main body of the axe. There is a well defined mid rib running from the central transverse ridge to approx 30mm fro the blade, there are some other visible shorter ridges to either side, these are 20mm long. There are casting seams that run along the length of the top and the bottom of the object. The rear half of the object is defined by the socket of the axe, formed of two flanges upon the top and bottom with a deep recess. This is mirrored on both sides of the axe. The whole axe has a green patina



 Similar but not identical palstaves can be found in Savory 1980, pg169, no.151, 157",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,516,,,18.78,176,1,Edwin Wood,Edwin Wood,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Alfriston,TQ5003,Generated from computer mapping software,50.80714233,0.12753295,SUSS-F9E46D,,PalstaveSUSSF9E46D.jpg,"A copper alloy, Bronze Age, palstave axe head, 1500-1000BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/PalstaveSUSSF9E46D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/630087.jpg
865574,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-750,"A fragment of a copper-alloy Bronze Age axehead (c. 1500 - 750 BC). The fragment is sub-triangular in plan and profile. It is dark brown in colour with a smooth but scratched surface.



It measures 19.67mm in length, 11.33mm wide, 6.15mm thick and weighs 3.56grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-10-04T23:00:00Z,,,,3.56,,,6.15,19.67,1,Emily Freeman,Emily Freeman,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP3040,From finder,52.05757505,-1.5638671,WAW-FA41C9,,WAWFA41C9.jpg,Bronze Age: axehead fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/efreemondo/WAWFA41C9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/630538.jpg
865619,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"An incomplete copper-alloy awl of Bronze Age to Roman date (c. 1500 BC - AD 410). The awl has a square section which tapers to a rounded point; the opposing end is broken. It has a light green surface patina which has been heavily abraded. The awl has been bent slightly in the soil.



Other examples can be found on this database from West Oxfordshire (WAW-9874B9), Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire (WMID-7999D4) and Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire (BERK-AA4DC4). 



It measures 47.11mm in length, 4.82mm thick at the thickest point, 1.74mm at the pointed end and weighs 4.04grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-10-15T23:00:00Z,,,,4.04,,,4.82,47.11,1,Emily Freeman,Emily Freeman,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Brailes,SP3041,From finder,52.06656539,-1.56377957,WAW-FC5F21,,WAWFC5F21.jpg,Bronze Age - Roman: awl fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/efreemondo/WAWFC5F21.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/630541.jpg
865698,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A copper alloy looped palstave axehead. The cutting edge is crescentic with a slight flare at one edge. The butt us also slightly curved. The septum is rectangular with a deep stop ridge. The flanges are lozenge shaped,  The blade tapers back to the stop ridge where there are two cast decorative ridges on each face forming a V-shape. On one side is a corroded curved side loop. The surfaces are corroded and pitted, obscuring any casting lines.

Dimensions: 124.36 mm x 44.04 mm x 26.30 mm

Date: Middle Bronze Age c. 1500 - 1300



The axehead probably fits into Needham's group III and the Acton Park II or Taunton metal working phases, and probably dates to c. 1500-1300 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,26.3,124.36,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Symondsbury,SY4294,From finder,50.74269647,-2.82337738,DOR-0BCB5D,,0BCB5Da.jpg,,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/0BCB5Da.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/630460.jpg
865749,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead, pointed end, point missing, lower part of blade and socket missing, prominent convex median rib. Extant length 24mm. Extant width 20mm. Weighs 10.48g. 1150-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-06-29T00:00:00Z,2017-07-26T00:00:00Z,,,10.48,,,,24,1,,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Runhall,TG0708,,52.63026302,1.05726468,NMS-10A0FB,,28373_10A0FB_BA_Spearhead.jpg,Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/28373_10A0FB_BA_Spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1115629.jpg
866261,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 800BC) socketed spear (spearhead): The copper alloy spearhead consists of the upper portion of the spearhead. In section the spearhead is has a sub-circular, tapering cylinder with a broken upper and lower edges. The breaks are not recent. On the exterior there are the remains of incomplete side loops.



The surface of the spearhead has mottled dark green patina.



The spearhead measures 55.11mm in length, 15.40mm in width, and weighs 15.72g.



It is likely that the spearhead can be attributed to the Middle Bronze Age; specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150BC). However, many of the diagnostic characteristics (such as loops, peg holes and blade shape) have been lost and so a wider date range is suggested above.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-30T23:00:00Z,2017-07-04T23:00:00Z,,,15.72,,,,55.11,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Yoxall,SK1519,From finder,52.76839064,-1.77912169,WAW-4BA0C6,,WAW4BA0C6.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead (plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW4BA0C6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/631785.jpg
866409,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy Awl, the surface is pitted but in fair condition
",Bucks PAS Record Sheet No 117,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Wicken,Northants",4.2,,,,48.89,1,Ros Tyrrell,Michael Byard,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Wicken,SP7539,GPS (from the finder),52.04433193,-0.9078582,BERK-53E901,,DSCN3783.JPG,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/DSCN3783.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/630838.jpg
866654,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy Awl
",Bucks PAS Record Sheet No 122,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Wicken,Northants",3.6,,,5.7,34.56,1,Ros Tyrrell,Michael Byard,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Wicken,SP7538,GPS (from the finder),52.03534293,-0.90807721,BERK-913687,,DSCN3792.JPG,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/DSCN3792.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/630967.jpg
867095,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1600,1400,"A small cast socketed spearhead, dating probably from the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1600-1400 BC.



The object has a broken blade with an indented quadrilateral cross-section. There is a prominent longitudinal mid-rib on both sides and abraded cutting edges. The roughly circular socket of 7.31 m diameter is not preserved. Most of the original surface is corroded and lost but traces of a brown patina are preserved on both sides. The rest of the object has a green-grey patina.



The blade measures 46.90 mm in length and is 20.55 mm wide at its widest point. The thickness of the wings is 2.82 mm and of the rib is 11.49 mm and the object weighs 17.39 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,17.39,,,11.49,46.9,1,Roumpini-Ioanna Charami,Roumpini-Ioanna Charami,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Eagle and Swinethorpe,SK8767,Generated from computer mapping software,53.19297985,-0.69927817,DENO-BA7BC1,,DENOBA7BC1.jpg,Bronze Age socketed spearhead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENOBA7BC1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/631803.jpg
867424,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1100,200,"An incomplete cast copper alloy annular ring of unknown function, of probable Late Bronze Age to early Roman date (c. 1100 BC - AD 200). It is sub-circular in cross - section, with both faces of the ring being slightly flattened. Both internal and external edges are convex. It is unclear whether or not the object originally formed a complete ring but the terminii both show a slight degree of possible impact damage.



Width: 21 mm, Thickness: 6 mm, Weight: 7 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7,,,6,,1,Bob Garlant,Bob Garlant,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Bullington,TF0978,Centred on parish,53.28776855,-0.36636351,PUBLIC-E5879D,,PUBLICE5879D.jpg,A Bronze Age annular ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/susheelacb/PUBLICE5879D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/637405.jpg
867691,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Blunt point of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead in abraded condition, broken before socket. Extant length 20.5mm. Extant width 19.5mm. Weighs 7.95g. 1000-701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-07-10T23:00:00Z,2017-09-10T23:00:00Z,,,7.95,,,,20.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Runcton Holme,TF6209,,52.65453077,0.39353931,NMS-350F83,,29718_350F83_LBA_SpearheadFragment_ILL.jpg,Blunt point of a Late Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/29718_350F83_LBA_SpearheadFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155986.jpg
867707,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1300,"Middle Bronze age copper alloy unlooped Palstave, 116mm long, 26mm wide and 28mm thick (at the stop ridge) with a weight of 285grams. The palstave is in fair condition with some surface damage and corrosion and is complete. It is rectangular in cross section and form, flattening and flaring outwards to form a wide rounded blade, 51mm wide. When viewed from the side it has an elongated oval form. It has a prominent central stop ridge with a distinct 'shield' shaped depression, with a central ridge, in front of it on both surfaces. Behind this the butt has an H shaped cross section with high, tapering sides.



The object is similar to SUR-F78859, BERK-41E4C6 and LIN-7DAAC9 and fits Group 1 (shield-pattern) type from the Acton Park phase (circa 1450-1300 BC). Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 117-125.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2017-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,285,,,23,116,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Tilton,SK7406,From a paper map,52.64669905,-0.90769603,LEIC-35A67A,,LEIC35A67A.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy Palstave,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEIC35A67A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/631911.jpg
867718,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-2050,"Early Bronze age copper alloy flat axe blade, 57mm long, 61mm wide (at blade) and 9 mm thick with a weight of 123grams. The object is rectangular in cross section and sub rectangular in form. It is in fair condition, having lost some surface and it is incomplete having snapped about half way down its orginal length? Here is it 26mm wide and 9mm thick. From here its sides flare slightly outwards and taper in thickness to form a slightly rounded blade 1mm thick. It is decorated on both faces with a series of linear depressions running towards the blade.



The axe is similar to a Migdale type eg 111, in Savory, H.N. 'The Catalogue of Bronze Age Collections, National Museum of Wales'.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2017-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,123,,,9,57,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Alford,TF4476,GPS (from the finder),53.26146126,0.15740433,LEIC-361862,,LEIC361862.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy flat axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEIC361862.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/631920.jpg
867723,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy bead, 12mm in diameter, 5mm thick and with a weight of 1.73grams.



The bead is circular in form and bi-conical in cross section. It has a central circular hole 3mm in diameter. The bead has a slightly irregular form, having an indented edge and narrowing in width to 3mm at one side. This may suggest a mis-casting?



The bead is extremely similar to SUSS-0C04D4 and similar to SUSS-3278C4 and BH-3A6E57.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2017-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,1.73,,12,5,,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Knapwell,TL3260,GPS (from the finder),52.2223978,-0.06901277,LEIC-3641F5,,LEIC3641F5.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy bead,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEIC3641F5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/631922.jpg
867821,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"An incomplete copper alloy flat axehead, of the Arreton developed flat axehead type, of Early to Middle Bronze Age dating (c. 1700 to c. 1500 BC).



The axehead is sub rectangular with a crescentic blade. The blade edge has been lost, along with part of the butt. The body of the axe gradually tapers down to a probable rectangular butt. A recess is present on both front and back, a proto socket. No flanges are present along the edges of the axehead. No sign of decoration is present on any face, although most of the original surface has been lost. The sides are lentoid.



It measures 86.7 mm in length, 50.3 mm blade width, 2.5 mm thick (blade edge), 33.5 mm wide (centre), 12.4 mm thick (centre), 20.7 mm wide (butt) and 3.2 mm thick (butt). It weighs 182.1 g.



The flat axehead is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion and surface pitting, has resulted in a loss of most of the original surface.



This flat axehead is consistent with that of an Arreton, a slightly later developed short flange flat axehead, consistent with Early Bronze Age metalworking phase III and Middle Bronze Age metalworking Phase I (c. 1700 to c. 1500 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,182.1,,,12.4,86.7,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Bromsgrove,Clent,SO9179,From finder,52.40892817,-2.13372973,WMID-3941D2,,WMID3941D2.jpg,Early to Middle Bronze Age: Slightly developed Arreton type flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID3941D2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/631970.jpg
867868,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-700,"A fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head, dating to the period c. 1400 - 800BC. The blade of the axe is crescentic and the socket extends nearly to the tip.",Bucks PAS Record Sheet no 156,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,"Weekend Wanderers - Wicken,Northants",77.6,13.83,,4.73,34.43,1,Ros Tyrrell,Michael Byard,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Wicken,SP7637,GPS (from the finder),52.02621802,-0.89372416,BERK-3AA217,,DSCN3864.JPG,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/DSCN3864.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/632004.jpg
867881,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"An incomplete Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, probably dating to c. 1150-750 BC. The fragment is extremely abraded, leaving no surface detail and at one point wearing completely through the wall, leaving an irregular perforation. The socket mouth and cutting edge have both been lost to wear, leaving the axe with a narrow sub-rectangular in plan, with a rounded blade-end and the wall of the socket lost entirely on one face. In profile the axehead tapers towards the cutting edge. the socket is sub-rectangular in cross-section and survives to a depth of c. 54.7mm.



Dimensions: length 72.0mm; width 34.8mm; thickness 24.0mm; weight 75.61g.



The probable axehead (although it could potentially be from another form of socketed tool, such as a chisel) is too worn for its form to be paralleled, however a Late Bronze Age date is likely.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,2017-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,75.61,,,24,72,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Whitchurch Canonicorum,SY3697,Generated from computer mapping software,50.76903937,-2.90892472,DEV-3B1474,,DEV3B1474.JPG,Bronze Age coper alloy socketed axehead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridgedev/DEV3B1474.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/633269.jpg
867968,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"A cast, copper alloy knife blade, possibly of the Bronze Age c.1500-700 BC



A single-edged knife, in abraded condition, made from copper alloy. In plan, the cutting edge and back of the knife are broadly horizontal but rise and join at the tip. At the opposite end, the blade narrows and has been attached by a rivet to a sub-rectangular piece of copper-alloy, now with an old break. The blade has been folded on itself so that the handle attachment is now touching the blade. The blade measures 109.33mm in length, 42.63mm at its widest and 3.31mm thick; the handle attachment measures 23.43mm by 26.65mm and the blade weighs 71.0g The blade has a light green patina and shows signs of wear and old damage.



A similar object can be found on the database at NMS-94E9A4.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-05-13T23:00:00Z,,,,71,,,3.31,109.33,1,Ann Lipscombe,Ann Lipscombe,North East,Hartlepool,Hartlepool,Rural West,NZ4833,From finder,54.68976409,-1.25689988,DUR-4C0E6E,,DUR4C0E6E.jpg,DUR-4C0E6E,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/schaap1995/DUR4C0E6E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1005731.jpg
868073,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Fragment of a copper-alloy Bronze Age socketed axe head (c. 1100 - 800 BC). Only the cutting edge remains; the fragment is hollow and has a triangular section. The top corner of the cutting edge appears to be flared. Corrosion of the copper-alloy has resulted in a patchy pale green patina and the edges of the axe head fragment are worn and chipped. Unfortunately not enough remains of the axe head to be able to identity it more precisely or attribute a closer date. The length of the fragment is 40.70mm, its width is 22.16mm and the maximum thickness of the fragment is 12.23mm. The weight of the socketed axe head fragment is 23.71g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.71,,,12.23,40.7,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Cawton,SE6477,Generated from computer mapping software,54.18479151,-1.02080231,YORYM-4EE242,,BL1372.jpg,Bronze Age : axe head,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/liddyprosser/BL1372.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/634580.jpg
868409,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An almost complete copper alloy (bronze) unlooped Palstave axehead (Group II) dating to Middle Bronze Age dating (1500-1150 BC).



The palstave has an oval shaped profile with the widest section being before the stop ridge closer to the butt end. At this widest section the palstave measures 27.06 mm in width.



The palstave has a rectangular septum and straight-sided open flanges for hafting. The flanges have suffered some damaged at the edges. The butt of the object is incomplete and measures 26.38 mm in width and 6.12 mm thick. No side loop is present.



Beneath the stop-ridge descends a vertical rib that extends to the mid point on the upper blade. The blade of the palstave has expanding sides, and a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical. The original surface is damaged. The cutting edge measures 59.11 mm in width and is 14.05 mm thick which includes the rib.



The palstave is a mid green to brown colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.



Early Midribbed Palstaves belongs to the Acton Park metalworking phase of the Middle Bronze Age, corresponding to the earlier part of Needham's (1996) Period 5, dated to 1500 - 1150BC. This example is similar to Group II - Early Midribbed Type Chepstow; similar to an example from Kilnoterie, Scotland (p127 cat no 794 plate 58, No. 789). 



There are other axeheads of the Early Palstave Group II - Early Mid-ribbed Type recorded on the PAs database and discovered in Warwickshire such as WAW-245FB6 and WMID-7493D3. 



Overall the palstave measures 150.8 mm in length, a maximum width of 59.11 mm at the cutting edge, and a maximum thickness near the stop ridge of 27.06 mm. It weighs 292.3 g.



Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,292.3,,,27.06,150.8,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Brinklow,SP4178,From finder,52.39848699,-1.39884765,WMID-763837,,WMID763837.jpg,"Bronze Age Palstave axehead (front, profile, reverse, profile, butt end and blade)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMID763837.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/632498.jpg
868477,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Cast-copper alloy item of unknown function. On first inspection the artefact appears to be a blade tip, as it is sub-rectangular in shape and tapers in thickness to a point.



However, when looking at the item in section, there appear to be sub-spherical cavities inside the item which suggest it was mounted or attached to another object.





Based on the surface patina and the composition of the copper-alloy, a suggested date within the Bronze Age is given.





Dimensions







			
Length (mm)

			

			

			
Width (mm)

			

			

			
Thickness (mm)

			

			

			
Weight (g)

			

		



			
16.1

			

			

			
14.7

			

			

			
1.7

			

			

			
1.3",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-11T00:00:00Z,,,,10.2,,,4.6,24.9,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Elmdon,TL4637,From finder,52.01222973,0.1259369,ESS-79D304,,ESS79D304.jpg,Unidentified copper-alloy object,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESS79D304.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1029232.jpg
868515,Torc,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"Incomplete copper alloy spiral-twisted torc dating to the Taunton and Penard 'Ornament Horizon' metalwork phases of the Middle Bronze Age, circa 1400-1150 BC. The present 73mm diameter annular shape is formed from circular-section bronze rod which has been twisted into a spiral. The ends slightly overlap and both have been broken in antiquity. On one of the broken ends the twist and cross-section begins to taper-off suggesting that the break is close to a missing hooked-end terminal. The other end is an abrupt break across full twist and cross-section. The evidence strongly suggests that this object is part of a larger penannular twisted torc, that has broken and been reformed into a bracelet-sized loop. It is a matter of conjecture as to whether this happened as a result of deliberate re-puposing, ceremonial practice or simple coincidence. Approximately 50% of the objects surface is covered with a dark green patina, the remainder comprises a lighter green mottled corrosion product formed from the breakdown of the patina. Examples of more complete twisted spiral torcs can be seen in the near Lewes hoard discovered in March 2011 (SUSS-C5D042).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-07-26T23:00:00Z,2017-07-26T23:00:00Z,,,,,73,8,,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Old Buckenham,TM0791,GPS (from the finder),52.47765259,1.04666728,NMS-91FB76,,IMG_0945.JPG,Bronze Age torc,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/IMG_0945.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1097296.jpg
868952,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A fragment from a Bronze Age socketed axe. The fragment consists of the side loop and one edge of the socket rim only. The loop is infilled with dark reddish material, probably iron corrosion. There is no visible moulding. The fragment has a smooth dark brown patina.



Dimensions: 28mm in length, 15mm in length (of loop), 15mm in width, 4mm thick (at mouth),  10.4g



The fragment was broken during antiquity.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-07-31T23:00:00Z,2015-08-29T23:00:00Z,,,10.4,,,4,28,1,Vanessa Oakden,Vanessa Oakden,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Barnwell,TL0483,From a paper map,52.43509134,-0.47163141,LVPL-CAC649,,LVPLCAC649.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/voakden/LVPLCAC649.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/632765.jpg
869359,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A fragment of the tip of a blade from a Middle Bronze Age (1400-1100 BC) dirk or rapier. The edges of the blade gradually taper to a point which has been rounded, possibly from use. The cross section is lozengiform with broad and rounded midrib suggesting that it may correspond to Burgess and Gerloff's (1981) Group IV.","These types of blades date to the Middle Bronze Age (1400-1100 BC); fragments also sometimes turn up in Late Bronze Age hoards, suggesting their continued use.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.5,,,2.11,28.2,1,Simon Maslin,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Hurstbourne Priors,SU4645,GPS (from the finder),51.20236818,-1.34297471,SUR-F5909E,,SURF5909E.jpg,Knife tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF5909E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1018023.jpg
869825,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A possible blade from a very worn Bronze Age socketed axe which is wedge-shaped in section and has a rounded 'blade'. There is no trace of the socket and the patina and condition are correct for a Bronze Age date.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,50.48,,,11.48,34.95,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2249,GPS (from the finder),51.22716124,-0.25418545,SUR-38A16B,,DSCF0129.jpg,Bronze Age: Axe,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/DSCF0129.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1003210.jpg
869970,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1000,1500,A copper-alloy casting well and jet dating to a period between 1000 BC to +AD 1500.  The jet has a narrow oval section.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.15,,,20.86,21.88,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Hardwick,SP8018,GPS (from the finder),51.85486665,-0.83985102,SUR-4912F2,,DSCF0371.jpg,Bronze Age: Metal working debris,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/DSCF0371.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1003289.jpg
870012,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,,1485,"A Middle Bronze Age to Medieval copper-alloy U-shaped, circular-section bar both ends of which are broken. The object is possibly a Bronze Age bracelet fragment, c65mm in length.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,27.66,,9.67,,,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Mattingley,SU7258,GPS (from the finder),51.31656309,-0.96827215,SUR-49EFC4,,SUR49EFC4.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR49EFC4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100321.jpg
870383,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Early Bronze Age bronze Developed flat axe, of Class 4 (following Needham 1983) or probably of Type Scrabo Hill (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 63-5) and of Metalwork Assemblage IV to V, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 3; dated to 2,050BC - 1,700BC.



The axe is near-complete but is heavily corroded with some peripheral loss (with a surviving length of 132.4mm and a weight of 295.4g). The butt is rounded (with a width of 31.1mm) and it is now uncertain how much rounding has resulted from corrosion. The sides of the axe are comparatively straight and gradually divergent to the blade. One side expands more sharply below the blade and suggests that the blade originally had at least a moderately expanded blade edge (with a surviving blade width of 56.2mm). The long profile of the axe is lenticular and the better preserved face has the suggestion of a median bevel (occurring approximately 60mm from the butt, where the axe has a maximum thickness of 12.0mm). A small fragment of the surface survives on the side of the face, just above the median bevel where a weak flange is discernible. A blade facet is evident on the better preserved face (13mm from the blade edge). The original blade edge has been lost and is now moderately rounded. Small remnant patches of the original surface survive which show that the axe was decorated with short linear and parallel marks or 'rain-pattern' decoration. A longer surviving strip of surface appears to show where the decoration ends (32mm from the blade) and the surface then exhibits striations running along the blade, probably from sharpening. The surface patina is dark-brown and elsewhere is heavily-pitted with a pale to mid-green corrosion.","Metallurgical analysis was attempted, where the axe was examined whole within the specimen chamber. Where possible, areas of metal exposed from under the surface corrosion were analysed and apart from very superficial surface swabbing of the artefacts there was no sample preparation. The results are semi-quantitative and overall totals taken from minimally prepared surfaces are usually affected to some degree by the surface geometry of the artefacts, including factors such as curvature, pitting and indentations etc. Other factors that can also affect the results include surface oxidation, surface enrichment or depletion of certain elements, contamination from closely adhering dirt, and preferential corrosion.



Three separate readings were taken and the majority of the overall totals acquired were slightly low due to the factors described above. The results were normalised to 100% to obtain consistency between the readings and to make the analyses comparable with other results the average compositions were: 79-86% copper, 14-20% tin with minimal amounts of lead detected (0.1-0.2%). Minor amounts of antimony (0.2-0.8%), sulphur (0.2%), nickel (0.3%) and arsenic (0.1-0.3%) were also detected.



This axe has been published Archaeology in Wales (Lodwick 2011).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,295.4,,,12,132.4,1,Matthew Knight,Matthew Knight,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Hirwaun,SN9610,From finder,51.77897017,-3.5089043,NMGW-61E56A,,Hirwaunaxe2010264.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/Hirwaunaxe2010264.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/633686.jpg
870386,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Early Bronze Age bronze ogival dagger of Camerton-Snowshill Type (following Gerloff 1975), or Series 5D (following Needham 2015) and of Needham's (1996)  Period 4-5, probably dating from c.1600 to 1400BC.



The dagger is incomplete, missing the tip and with peripheral damage (with a surviving length of 67.8mm and a weight of 32.2g). The butt end is eroded and of uncertain form but now with a straight top edge (with a surviving width of 25.6mm and a minimum thickness of 1.8mm), possibly suggesting it was originally of trapezoidal form. There appears to have been three rivet holes, for plug-rivets, two of which are evident, including a central rivet hole (of 6.2mm diameter). The side rivet is less well preserved (with a diameter of 5mm). The dagger widens and thickens to the top of the blade, incorporating the prominent midrib (giving the blade a maximum surviving width of 34.5mm and a maximum thickness of 6.5mm). The central midrib is widest at the hilt (at 19mm), with straight and convergent sides, gradually narrowing to the break (where it has a width of 9mm). Flanking the midrib on each side are three to four decorative rounded ridges, separated from each other by grooves. The decorative ridges are very slightly concave, extending from the butt to the break. There is the suggestion that the decorative ridges may continue as far as the better preserved side rivet hole. There is no convincing evidence of pointillé decoration on the midrib, or elsewhere on the blade. At the break (where the blade has a width of 16mm and a thickness of 4.5mm) the blade has a gentle bend, suggesting the tip was bent prior to breaking in antiquity. Both blade edges have been lost, but there are discernible sharpening striations running along both blade edges on both faces. The surface is partially preserved with a dark-brown patina and is heavily-pitted. The corrosion on both faces at the hilt has a V-shaped form, extending onto the midrib and may possibly suggest a V-shaped hilt handle, which would be unusual, and differs from the more common omega-shaped arrangement at the hilt.","Metallurgical analysis was conducted using X-ray fluorescence, demonstrating that the metal is an arsenical tin-bronze and is consistent with Early and Middle Bronze Age alloys.



The incomplete and corroded nature of the dagger makes precise typological identification difficult. The straight heel edge may be comparatively intact, which would tentatively suggest a trapezoidal butt arrangement, characteristic of the Camerton Type, as defined by Gerloff (1975, pp 104). Camerton-Snowshill daggers are generally deposited within burials and have a date range that is believed to span the Early to Middle Bronze Age transition, dated to c. 1600 - 1400. In Wales the dagger can be paralleled with an example recovered from Ystradyfodwg (Savory, 1980, pp 132, no. 335) , on the border of Glyncorrwg, Neath-Port Talbot and Treorchy, Rhondda Cynon Taff.



Needham (2015) has recently reanalysed the typology of British daggers and this falls within his Series 5D, which incorporates Gerloff's Camerton-Snowshill types.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.2,,,6.5,67.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Matthew Knight,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llanfair,ST0172,From finder,51.4383155,-3.42570992,NMGW-6216A4,,2011.jpg,Bronze Age dagger,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/2011.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/633687.jpg
870391,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Early Bronze Age bronze Wessex dagger of Camerton-Snowshill Series (following Gerloff 1975) or Series 5D (following Needham 2015), and of Needham's (1996)  Period 4-5, probably dating from c. 1600 to 1400BC



The dagger is incomplete, missing the hilt and is slightly distorted (with a surviving length of 112.1mm and a weight of 31.5g). The damaged butt is now of indeterminate form (with a maximum surviving width of 30.7mm and a thickness of 0.8mm) but there is the remains of a rivet hole or notch at the apex of the centre (of approximately 5.3mm diameter). The dagger thickens at its centre to form a prominent, rounded midrib (reaching a maximum thickness of 6.2mm, 30mm from the damaged butt), which narrows and becomes more angular towards the tip. The dagger is decorated with two prominent grooves, beginning at the butt and converging along the midrib (approximately 27mm from the tip). There is the suggestion of a third, outer groove at the butt, which goes on to define the edge of the midrib and start of the blade and continues to the tip. There is no evidence for punched-dot pointillé decoration on the dagger. The blade is flat sectioned (0.6mm - 1.2mm thick) and narrows slightly towards the tip (with a width of 4.5mm near the butt and 2mm near the tip). The original blade edge has largely been lost and the edge is near-straight and gradually convergent to the tip. There are no sharpening striations discernible on the small areas of surviving surface preserved along the blade. The dagger has received a blow to one face at its midpoint, probably in antiquity and resulting in slight distortion and surface damage, comprising a short diagonal groove on the midrib (approximately 2mm long and 0.7mm wide) and stress lines evident on the surface. The surface has a dark-brown patina with areas of pale brown corrosion with patches of bright-green surface loss. The patina may be preserved with an omega-like mark on one face, possibly suggesting the remains of a hilt.","The fragmentary condition of the dagger butt makes precise typological identification difficult. The central rivet hole or notch arrangement, characteristic of the Camerton Type, as defined by Gerloff (1975, pp 104) . Camerton-Snowshill daggers are generally deposited within burials with a largely Wiltshire and Dorset distribution and have a date range that is believed to span the Early to Middle Bronze Age transition, dated to c. 1600 - 1400. The wetland context for this findspot is unlikely to suggest that it accompanied a burial. In Wales the dagger can be paralleled with an example recovered from Ystradyfodwg (Savory, 1980, pp 132, no. 335) , on the border of Glyncorrwg, Neath-Port Talbot and Treorchy, Rhondda Cynon Taff. A similar fragmentary dagger with a slightly broader butt and also of Camerton - Snowshill Series was reported to PAS  and recovered from approximately 4Km to the south.



Needham (2015) has recently presented a revised classification and this falls within his Series 5D.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,31.5,,,6.2,112.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Matthew Knight,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9877,From finder,51.48272549,-3.47030002,NMGW-623A54,,daggercopycopy.jpg,Bronze Age dagger,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mknight21/daggercopycopy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/633688.jpg
870398,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy bracelet/arm ring possibly dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). Only half of the bracelet survives with both ends terminating in an old break. It is plain and circular in cross-section. The bracelet narrows to a slightly thinner end. One end is 10.9mm in diameter and the other end is 8.5mm in diameter. The bracelet has green and almost black patina with some brown patches. There are scratch marks which could possibly be due to over cleaning.



The bracelet is 77.4mm long, 11.1mm maximum thickness, and weighs 78g.



Similar bracelets can be seen in Rowlands 1976, BAR 31 (ii), plates 11 & 13.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,78,,,11.1,77.4,1,Helena Costas,Helena Costas,South East,East Sussex,Lewes,Ringmer,TQ3443,Generated from computer mapping software,51.17055138,-0.0846662,BUC-62754C,,BUC62754C.jpg,Mid Bronze Age Bracelet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hcostas/BUC62754C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/633783.jpg
871020,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
A Late Bronze Age copper-alloy blade fragment. The narrow end of the blade shows a number of transverse grooves next to the break, possibly evidence for scrapping.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.53,,,2.64,49.84,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Hurstbourne Priors,SU4147,GPS (from the finder),51.22073082,-1.41430842,SUR-C84C5C,,SURC84C5C.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURC84C5C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100505.jpg
871038,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A corroded fragment of a copper-alloy blade, possibly from a razor or knife of middle to late Bronze Age date. The blade has parallel sides and a lenticular cross section with rounded midrib. There is a break through a single circular rivet hole in the centre of one end.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11,,,3.9,38.73,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Woodcote,SU6382,GPS (from the finder),51.53340007,-1.093133,SUR-C91FA7,,SURC91FA7a.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURC91FA7a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1101016.jpg
871068,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-600,"
A possibly Bronze Age penannular object with one probable original terminal.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,61,,62.3,,,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bishops Sutton,SU6031,GPS (from the finder),51.07519782,-1.14493897,SUR-CA7A05,,SURCA7A05.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURCA7A05.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1102172.jpg
871079,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"A copper alloy tanged chisel, dating to the Late Bronze Age (c.900-700 BC). The blade is flared with a worn cutting edge. There is a collar comprising two projections and a rounded groove on one side of the tang.","Tanged and collared chisels typically date from the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age but most typically from the Ewart Park metalwork phase (c.900-700 BC). They have a broad distribution across northern France, Britain and Ireland.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-28T23:00:00Z,,,,16.42,,,4.37,55.93,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shackleford,SU9543,GPS (from the finder),51.17835249,-0.64231352,SUR-CDAF69,,SURCDAF69.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURCDAF69.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1102261.jpg
871496,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,-600,"
The extreme tip of the socket of a possibly Late Bronze Age copper-alloy spearhead with a sharply widening blade, flattened arms and sharp internal corners.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.77,,,6.3,38.1,1,Margaret Broomfield,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,East Peckham and Golden Green,TQ6348,From a paper map,51.20795142,0.33207709,SUR-F4D595,,DSCF0073.jpg,Bronze Age: Spear,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/margaretb/DSCF0073.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1003185.jpg
871501,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Bronze Age gold penannular ring formed from four D-sectioned strips of gold probably soldered together with straight, blunt terminals. Each of the D-sectioned strips has slightly raised edges internally.



Approx. measurementsw are: Width of band 11.36-13.16 mm. Height 6.54mm. Thickness 1.15mm. Weight 2.14g.



Composite penannular rings formed from C-sectioned, D-sectioned or sub-circular strips or bars, are a well known Middle Bronze Age artefact type as single finds or forming part of sets of linked rings. See for example NMS-ACBFA4.



​Other similar items: NMS-A1B392, SF-A6DEC7, PAS-DA09A3, SUSS-63B7A6, LIN-9F2713, LIN-D7E6D1, BERK-A5FFE5, ESS-CB3683 and a set of multiple linked rings from Norfolk (HER43133).",,4,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2017-10-21T23:00:00Z,,2017T997,,2.14,6.54,13,1.15,,1,Darren White,Darren White,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Twyford and Thorpe,SK7111,Generated from computer mapping software,52.69204014,-0.950953,PUBLIC-F4E0E7,,6.JPG,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dazz666/6.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/634475.jpg
871932,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete, copper cored, gold, Bronze Age, penannular ring, 1800-1000BC. The ring is is penannular with a small gap between the terminals, which are flat. The ring is circular in cross section. There is substantial copper alloy corrosion on the interior surface of the ring, suggesting that the ring has a copper alloy core, similar to other examples (SUSS-5EF5C1).



These rings are often erroneously referred to as 'ring money' though there is no evidence to suggest that they were used as currency. They are predominantly believed to have been used for personal adornment, such as earrings or nose rings, they have even been suggested as hair ornaments. A complete example can be found in HAMP-0F9AF6 and there are numerous others recorded on the database, some found as part of hoards.



Work on these rings can be found in (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008), See NMGW-04216C for full references.",,3,Gold,Copper alloy,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,2017T984,,3.96,,14.67,3.89,,1,Edwin Wood,Edwin Wood,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Stoughton,SU7911,Generated from computer mapping software,50.89308985,-0.87812443,SUSS-1CBAB0,,RingSUSS1CBAB0.jpg,"A complete, copper cored, gold, Bronze Age, penannular ring, 1800-1000BC",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/RingSUSS1CBAB0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/636201.jpg
871980,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Socketed tools 



1.Socketed axe fragment. Copper alloy, blade end fragment. Socket filled with soil, undecorated. Dark green patina, one corrosion welt on cutting edge. Faint horizontal and vertical striations on body. Indented near socket end (likely heated and broken up).  



Length: 54mm. Breadth: 37mm. Socket length: 27mm. Socket breadth: 15mm. Weight: 84.0g. 

 

2. Socketed hammer fragment. Copper alloy, dark green patina, corrosion welts on contact surface. Casting seam well-trimmed. Socket filled with soil. 4mm indent/notch on body. Undecorated. Two faces on contact surface, one substantially larger than the other and worn down into a V-shape through use.  

L: 40mm. B: 27mm. SL: 18mm. SB: 16mm. W: 98.8g. 

 

3. Socketed axe fragment. Copper alloy, dark green patina. Large casting seam/internal flash (check for similar in Turner). Soil adhering to surface. Damaged loop present. Undecorated. 

L: 35mm. B: 21mm. D: 3mm. W: 23.3g. 



Copper alloy ingots 



4. Complete bun ingot. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion. Plano-convex shape. 3mm diameter gas hole on one side. Red/copper colour visible on flat side (possibly mineral inclusion). 



Diameter: 116mm. Depth: 32mm. Weight: 1453.7g. 



5. Complete bun ingot. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion. Plano-convex shape. Void present possibly relating to melting of finished objects into a molten state. Oval shaped. 

L: 106mm. B: 95mm. D: 23mm. W: 804.1g.  

 

6. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment, one-fifth of original ingot. Three depressions in flat surface (8mm, 6mm and 4mm). 

L: 96mm. B: 132mm. D: 40mm. W: 1146g. 

 

7. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment.  

L: 101mm. B: 68mm. D: 42mm. W: 811.8g.  

 

8. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment. 

L: 70mm. B: 53mm. D: 25mm. W: 252.1g. 

 

9. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment. Corrosion welts. 

L: 92mm. B: 57mm. D: 25mm. W: 460.5g.  

 

10. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment. Corrosion welts. Voids possibly relating to melting of finished objects into a molten state. 

L: 84mm. B: 48mm. D: 20mm. W: 230g. 



11. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment. Oval void on flat face (18mm length), circular voids on curved face (6mm diameter). 

L: 79mm. B: 52mm. D: 27mm. W: 502.5g.  



12. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment. Copper colour visible beneath patina. 

L: 71mm. B: 66mm. D: 28mm. W: 432.5g. 

 

13. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment. Corrosion welts.  

L: 82mm. B: 50mm. D: 32mm. W: 513.5g. 



14. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment. Corrosion welts. Voids present possibly relating to the melting of finished objects into the molten metal. 

L: 78mm. B: 47mm. D: 25mm. W: 194.9g.  



15. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment. 

L: 58mm. B: 31mm. D: 32mm. W: 197.5g. 

 

16. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Centre fragment. 

L: 49mm. B: 45mm. D: 25mm. W: 217.3g.  



17. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Centre fragment. 

L: 54mm. B: 31mm. D: 26mm. W: 208.4g. 

 

18. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment. Circular voids. White inclusion (chalk?) 

L: 69mm. B: 32mm. D: 16mm. W: 132.7g. 



19. Bun ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, heavy corrosion, soil adhering to surface. Plano-convex shape. Edge fragment.  

L: 40mm. B: 24mm. D: 18mm. W: 66.1g. 



20. Ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, soil adhering to surface, heavy corrosion.  

L: 74mm. B: 42mm. D: 15mm. W: 214.2g. 

 

21. Ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, soil adhering to surface, heavy corrosion. 

L: 40mm. B: 36mm. D: 25mm. W: 133.2g. 

 

22. Ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, soil adhering to surface, heavy corrosion. 

L: 46mm. B: 31mm. D: 23mm. W: 119.0g. 

 

23. Ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, soil adhering to surface, heavy corrosion. Possible voids. 

L: 40mm. B: 38mm. D: 23mm. W: 198.7g. 

 

24. Ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, soil adhering to surface, heavy corrosion. Triangular possible void. 

L: 51mm. B: 36mm. D: 22mm. W: 192.5g. 

 

25. Ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, soil adhering to surface, heavy corrosion. Circular voids. 

L: 56mm. B: 37mm. D: 25mm. W: 134g. 

 

26. Ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, soil adhering to surface, heavy corrosion. 

L: 33mm. B: 30mm. D: 23mm. W: 138.6g. 



27. Ingot fragment. Copper alloy, green patina, soil adhering to surface, heavy corrosion. Possible void 



L: 57mm. B: 42mm. D: 24mm. W: 275.3g. 

 

Discussion: This hoard of three socketed tools, two complete bun ingots and 22 fragments of bun ingot is consistent with a Late Bronze Age date, especially with the Ewart Park phase (c.1000 – 800 BC) (cf. Needham 1990). Perhaps the most notable feature of the hoard is the relative paucity of socketed tools compare to ingot (fragments and complete). Complete (or near complete) bun ingots formed part of the Bexley Heath hoard, Essex (Turner 2010, 126-39, no. 15). Other relevant comparanda include the hoard from ‘Burnham on Crouch’, Essex, which contained socketed tools, weapons and fragments of copper alloy ingot (Treasure case 2010 T509), and the hoard from ‘East Colchester’, Essex, which contained socketed tools, complete and fragmentary ingot fragments (Treasure case 2004 T116).  



Bibliography  



Needham, S.P. 1990, The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork. An Analytical study of Thames Valley metalworking in its settlement context, London: British Museum Occasional Paper 70 



Turner, L. 2010, A Re-Interpretation of the Later Bronze Age Metalwork Hoards of Essex and Kent (2 vols.), Oxford: BAR British Series 507 



Authors 



Katie Sawyer, University of Durham 



Neil Wilkin, Curator, The British Museum","Conclusion: As a find of more than two pieces of copper alloy, this case qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).",4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2017T990,,,,,,,27,Neil Wilkin,Sophie Flynn,,,,,,,,,ESS-1E4FB6,,,,,,,
872387,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 800BC) socketed spearhead. The copper alloy spearhead consists of the central portion of the socketed spearhead. In section the spearhead is has a sub-circular, tapering cylinder with a broken upper and lower edges. The upper edge break has the patina covering the break. The break of the lower edge is more recent. On the exterior there are the remains of incomplete side loops, one on each side edge.



The surface of the spearhead has an incomplete well-developed mid brown patina.



The spearhead measures 60.64mm in length, 15.28mm in width, and weighs 18.17g.



It is likely that the spearhead can be attributed to the Middle Bronze Age; specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150BC). However, many of the diagnostic characteristics (such as loops, peg holes and blade shape) have been lost and so a wider date range is suggested above.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-01-01T00:00:00Z,2017-03-08T00:00:00Z,,,18.17,,,,60.64,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Upton-upon-Severn,SO8140,From a paper map,52.05805129,-2.27852735,WAW-74988D,,WAW74988D.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead (plan and profile).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW74988D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/635240.jpg
873066,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A complete though very worn copper-alloy flat axehead of early Bronze Age date, c.2150 - 1500 BC. The axehead is sub-trapezoidal with a curved blade tapering to a rounded cutting edge. The axehead is extremely worn and undecorated. No signs of ridges or flanges are present indicating that this is an early flat axe.



The metal has a heavily corroded dark green patina. The axehead is 66.3mm long, 28.6mm tapering to 19.8mm wide, 8.2mm thick and weighs 63g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,63,,,8.2,66.3,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Catton,SE7053,Generated from computer mapping software,53.96834601,-0.93441593,YORYM-C4F291,,KB0052.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/KB0052.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/636627.jpg
873117,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1150,"A conical copper alloy casting sprue of possible late Bronze Age date. It is 26mm long, 18mm wide, 11mm thick and weighs 11.53g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.53,,,11,26,1,Christine Porter,Christine Porter,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Stainfield,TF1173,From finder,53.24242912,-0.33811833,PUBLIC-C7DA23,,PUBLICC7DA23.jpg,Probable Bronze Age copper alloy casting waste,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/PUBLICC7DA23.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/638174.jpg
873275,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Cast bronze socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date (1000 - 800 BC). The axe is sub-rectangular in plan with a flared convex cutting edge and the socket is sub-rectangular in cross section. The axe measures 99.6mm length, 45.8mm in width at the blade, 35.8mm at the socket, it is 33.7mm thick and weighs 174.25 grams. The depth of the socket is 65.3mm.



The socket of the axe is sub-rectangular with patinated breaks around three sides which have removed the original end of the socket. The remaining complete section has a single swollen moulded collar up to 8.6mm wide. Only the inner stub of the loop survives the middle is missing to an old break and the other end has been lost with the mouth suggesting it was on or adjacent to the collar.



The two long sides of the axe are plain and expand slightly along the length of the socket and terminate with an expanded blade. The casting flashes on the sides of the axe have been hammered. The expanded blade has a curved convex (crescent shaped) cutting edge which is complete but has a corroded surface so it is not clear if it was prepared for use or suffered use damage.



The socketed axe head is a mid matt greenish brown colour with an even, well formed patina which covers most surfaces. There are several areas where this patina has been lost - probably through abrasion.



In general socketed axes are rarer in Somerset than palstaves. The axe appears similar to Savory (1980) no. 200 and 281-9. from Llanberis and Llantwich Major. It is probably of Type A1 and dates to the Ewart Park phase, 1000-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,174.25,,,33.7,99.6,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,South West,Somerset,Taunton Deane,Cheddon Fitzpaine,ST2327,Generated from computer mapping software,51.03717907,-3.09957665,SOM-079C7A,,SOM079C7A.JPG,Bronze Age socketed axehead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elburnett/SOM079C7A.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/636312.jpg
873955,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age razor, Piggott's (1946) Type I, although no close parallel . Flattened lozengiform section, a broken loop in the same plane as the blade springs from the broad rounded end, the body then tapers to a point and has a longitudinal median arris on both faces. There is a slightly obique transverse bend near the broad end. Extant length (unbent) 65mm. Width at break 28mm. Maximum surviving thickness 5mm. Weighs 19.33g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-10-06T23:00:00Z,2017-10-08T23:00:00Z,,,19.33,,,5,65,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Holme Hale,TF9007,,52.62749595,0.80583485,NMS-44D5CC,,62251_44D5CC_BA_Razor.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age razor,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/62251_44D5CC_BA_Razor.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1114375.jpg
874164,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An incomplete cast copper alloy axehead Bronze Age 2500-700BC. The object has a green patina with red iron corrosion. The cutting edge measures 22.74mm. There are grooves worn into the cutting edge. The axehead appears to have been socketed but the upper section, which would have met the handle, is missing. It weighs 40.13g. It is 36.49 mm long and tapers from 14.64mm thick at the socketed end to a thickness of 1.58 mm at the cutting edge. The width at the socketed end is 17mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,40.13,,,14.64,36.49,1,Helen Wickenden,Helen Wickenden,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Slapton,SP9319,,51.86184305,-0.65088219,BUC-5A1F1D,,AxeHead1.jpg,Bronze Age Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hwickenden/AxeHead1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/637527.jpg
874196,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A copper alloy rapier dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1400 - 1100 BC). The rapier is of the notched-butt type having a butt that is trapezoid in form with shoulders that curve inwards to the narrow blade. Two rivet holes through the butt show how the blade was secured into a wooden or bone handle; one of the notches still retains its copper alloy rivet which is cylindrical with an   expanded domed head at either terminal. The blade is mostly straight and only tapers towards the point. A prominant midrib can be seen down the length of the blade, which has been bent in antiquity. This rapier fits within Burgess and Gerloff's Group IV Type, see WILT-AD8D05 for a similar example and further discussion. A very similar rapier was discovered a few miles to the north of this example and is recorded on this database as GLO-036A39.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-22T23:00:00Z,,,,33.5,,,4,144.9,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From a paper map,51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-5B33A7,,2017299.jpg,Bronze Age rapier: Rapier,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017299.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/636662.jpg
875073,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1400,"Cast copper alloy socketed side-looped spearhead with a plain short kite-shaped blade with a lozenge cross section and slightly channelled blade faces (Matt Knight pers comm). The blade is 33 mm long and expands to a width of 20.5 mm, with a bevelled edge that is 3 mm wide at the widest point of the blade. Below the blade on each side of the socket there is a side loop for binding the spearhead to the spear shaft. The side loops are lozenge-shaped in profile and are 16 mm long, 8 mm wide and 2 mm thick. The socket is circular in section and has an internal diameter of 14 mm and an external diameter of 18 mm with the collar being 2 mm thick.



The spearhead is classified as a Type 4b plain kite-blade, short (Matt Knight pers comm) following Davis, R. 2012, pp.56-59, and dates from the Acton Park phase, c.1500-1400 BC, of the Middle Bronze Age.



Davis, R. 2012. The Early And Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain. Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung V, Band 5. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar side-looped spearhead with a short blade from Cheselbourne in Dorset on page 100, pl.27, no.222 (see DOR-30E216).",,3,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Metal detector,2014-01-01T00:00:00Z,2014-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,35.55,17,18,2,62,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Huntingdonshire,Wistow,TL2781,From finder,52.41226675,-0.13424738,CORN-D72EF2,,DSCN5927.JPG,kite-shaped spearhead (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN5927.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/643901.jpg
875076,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-700,"Cast copper alloy tanged bifid razor with six vertical grooves on one face and five grooves on the other which are unevenly spaced and extend below a circular perforation to the tang. The circular perforation is 3 mm in diameter and 4 mm in from the V-shaped notch above which is 19 mm long and 9 mm wide at the opening. The base of the blades on either side of the tang are slightly concave leading to heel-shaped corners which then curve outwards around the perforation and inwards again towards the notch. The blades are almost semi-circular in plan and are 60 mm long and together they are 54 mm wide towards the base. The tang is 35 mm long and 8 mm wide at the base of the blade and 2.7 mm thick and tapers to 5 mm wide and 2 mm thick at the tip.



This decorated bifid razor is classified as a Type Feltwell (Jockenhövel 1980) and dates from the Late Bronze Age from the Wilburton to the Ewart park phase, c.900-700 BC (Matt Knight pers comm).



Type Feltwell razors are common in Scotland and England, less so in Wales and Ireland. Rare examples can also be found on the Continent (Jockenhövel 1980; Plate 50, Map A).



Ref: Jockenhoevel, A. Die Rasiermesser in Westeuropa (Westdeutschland, Niederlande, Belgien, Luxemburg, Frankreich, Großbritannien und Irland). Prähistorische Bronzefunde VIII,3 (Verlag C.H. Beck, München [1980]) IX, 239 S., 104 Tafeln.



There is a similar Type Feltwell bifid razor (1998,0901.279) from the Salisbury Hoard at the British Museum which dates from Llyn Fawr phase of the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age, c.800-600 BC.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar tanged bifid razor with vertical grooves from Camerton in Somerset on page 85, pl.12, no.366c.",,3,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Metal detector,1992-01-01T00:00:00Z,1992-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,28.9,,,3,89,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,East Cambridgeshire,Ely,TL5578,From finder,52.37810917,0.27570603,CORN-D746F1,,DSCN5921.JPG,Feltwell bifid razor (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN5921.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/643898.jpg
875082,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"An incomplete copper-alloy, flanged axehead, dating from the final phase of the Early to the earliest Middle Bronze Age (c. 2000 - 1500 BC). Possibly of Arreton type dated to Early Bronze Age III, of metalworking stage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 BC or possibly of a Central European type known as a 'Randleistenbeil' dating to a similar period of time (Huegelgraeber-Bronzezeit Reinecke A/B)



Description: The axehead survives as the blade end and about a third of its original length. It has flanged parallel sides whcih runs along the back of the blades to the tip. The blade itself is a wide crescent shape with upturned corners. There is a very shallow stop ridge, now difficult to discern. Although not complete the flanges appear to narrow towards the body/butt end of the axehead. The axehead's surface is heavily patinated and pitted with some abrasion along the edges and the break is heavily abraded and likely having occured in antiquity.



Measurements: 53.43mm long, 53.05mm wide, 13.18mm thick and 127.8g in weight



Discussion: The superficially seems to fit with the Arreton type of long-flanged developed flat axes (cf Burgess and Schmidt: Axes of Northern Britain pp 65 - 75 specifically 415, 422 and 425). Burgess and Schmidt suggest from their study that the distribution of this Arreton type concentrates in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Their work though only looks directly at the axes of Scotland and Northern England. 



Similar examples have been found at Margam, Port Talbot (Savory 1980, No. 122) and Breach Farm, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, No. 338) associated with a cremation burial recently radiocarbon dated to c. 1750 - 1600 BC.



The very rounded blade shape and the flanges' meeting with the blade does however more closely resemble flanged axes / Randleistenbeile in use on the Continent during Bronzezeit A/B (Dot Boughton, pers. comms.)",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,127.8,,,13.18,53.43,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Whitfield,TR3145,GPS (from the finder),51.15759504,1.30213879,KENT-D77BF4,,flataxe.jpg,Fragmented Axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/flataxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/637292.jpg
875083,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Cast copper alloy socketed hammer, rectangular in plan and sub-rectangular in section below the raised collar, with three ribs on either face, that dates from the Late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC). The mid-rib is more pronounced than those on either side, measuring 3 mm in height. All of the ribs are 5 mm in thickness. There are pronounced casting seams down both sides of the hammer that are 1.5 mm in thickness, suggesting that the hammer was unfinished as these have not been filed down. There is no evidence of it having any side loop. The collar is 5 mm deep and protrudes 3 mm outwards from one face but it is only 3 mm deep and 1.5 mm thick on the oppposite face and uneven around the upper edge. The socket mouth is lozenge-shaped externally in plan and circular internally and is 25 mm wide and 22 mm deep externally and 14 mm in diameter internally. The body of the hammer is slightly waisted and tapers towards the middle and then expands towards the terminal to a flattened but slightly exapnded convex base that is 30 mm wide by 13 mm deep. This working face has been well used with the typical side protuberances from that use.



Socketed hammers became more widespread during the Penard phase (c.1200-950 BC). Hammers were produced in smaller numbers during the Ewart Park Phase (c.800-700 BC) which is characterised by a higher volume of leaded bronze artefacts. The production of bronze and in particular tin bronze depleted after 800 BC. Early examples tend to be plain with no collar, whereas later examples like this one have collars and moulding.



Whilst hammers are traditionally considered to have a higher tin content in the bronze (Evans 1881) compared to contemporary axes, a large number of records on this database note that based on the weight of the hammers a high lead content is also likely. It is therefore interesting to note that, whilst better preserved and slightly larger than many other examples, this hammer is also heavier than most.



Similar examples can be seen in records WAW-75FD95 and SOM-B048D1 on the database.



The Bronze Age Guide on the PAS website (https://finds.org.uk/guides/bronzeage/objects/hammers) comments that the ""socketed hammer is only rarely found in Middle Bronze Age contexts and is a more defined feature of Late Bronze Age hoards. Rowlands (1976, 45) states that, for this very reason, 'it would be unwise to date stray finds to the MBA'."" Dr Dot Boughton suggests a likely date range of c. 1000-800 BC, although noting that it could possibly later c. 900-700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Unknown,1930-01-01T00:00:00Z,1939-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,177.8,22,25,5,92.4,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Market Lavington,SU0154,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),51.2851372,-1.98704548,CORN-D77F3D,,DSCN6031.JPG,hammer (profile),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN6031.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/647127.jpg
875084,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"Cast copper alloy 'Hallstatt' razor of Type Unterstall or Poiseul (Matt Knight pers comm) that dates from the Lyn Fawr phase of the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, c.800-600 BC. The razor is trapezoidal in plan with two suspension loops above a row of four 'hanging triangles' or triangular openwork. The blade edge is only 2 mm in thickness. There is some damage to each side of the blade where it expands to a pointed apex, now missing. There is a small patch of green corrosion where one of these edges is folded, but apart from that, the razor is in an excellent and stable condition and has a dark brown patina.



Type Unterstall or Poiseul razors have trapezoidal shaped blades, a strengthening rib between the two rings and the blade and have, like Felkirch or Bernissart razors, decorative perforations in the upper part of the blade. However, while the perforations in Feldkirch or Bernissart razors are circular or rectangular, Unterstall or Poiseul razors have triangular ones. Jockenhövel lists their main distribution in southern France, southwest Bavaria and northern Germany, with finds from, for example: Magny-Lambert, Dép. Côte-d'Or and Poiseul-la-Ville-et-La-Perrière, Dép. Côte-d'Or (Jockenhövel 1980, 176-177). He suggests that, in general, their region of origin would have been somewhere in Western Europe where these razors of Type Unterstall or Poiseul, along with razors of Types Felkirch or Bernissart, Endingen and Flörsheim, represented the most typical group of Early Iron Age razors. Jockenhövel's suggested Western European distribution of this type can now be underlined with seven new finds from the southern half of England: Wickham Skeith, Suffolk; St Alban's, Hertfordshire; Salisbury/Netherhampton hoard, Wiltshire; Bowerchalke, Wiltshire; Royston, Cambridgeshire, recorded in LANCUM-DB7650; Attleborough, Norfolk, recorded in NMS-01D7D8, and this example from near Newbury in Berkshire. Early Iron Age razors like these are usually found singly or in hoards, and another individual one has come up recently from Milnthorpe, Cumbria, recorded in LANCUM-220D90 (Dot Boughton pers comm).



Ref: Jockenhoevel, A. Die Rasiermesser in Westeuropa (Westdeutschland, Niederlande, Belgien, Luxemburg, Frankreich, Großbritannien und Irland). Prähistorische Bronzefunde VIII,3 (Verlag C.H. Beck, München [1980]) IX, 239 S., 104 Tafeln.



Pearce (1983) illustrates fragments of Hallstatt Class 3 razors on pages 645 & 650, plates 84 & 89, nos.731i & 750e, from South Cadbury and Ham Hill in Somerset.",,3,Copper alloy,,"In a private collection, recorded for academic use",Metal detector,2010-01-01T00:00:00Z,2010-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,23,44,,2,44,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Greenham,SU5066,From finder,51.39084547,-1.28279152,CORN-D78C78,,DSCN5919.JPG,Type Unterstall or Poiseul razor,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN5919.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/643892.jpg
875130,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, round/sub-rectangular sectioned (6mm) pointed end and narrowed and tapering rectangular-sectioned tang. Length 70mm. Tang 5mm x 4.5mm in section. Weighs 9.21g. c.1000 - c.700 BC. 



Finder's no. AC905",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-09T23:00:00Z,2017-10-15T23:00:00Z,,,9.21,,6,4.5,70,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Deopham,TM0399,,52.55097491,0.99273419,NMS-D9E167,,60440_D9E167_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60440_D9E167_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156086.jpg
875191,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Cast copper-alloy Bronze Age socketed spear head fragment. Broken along the vertical plane through the centre of the socket and blade, the remaining spear fragment is compose of one half of the likely original artefact.



Dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age c. 1500 - 800 BC.



The blade and socket is roughly triangular in profile and tapers in thickness from socketed central portion to the thin blade edge. The shape of the item in plan also tapers slightly from a narrow pointed end, which would reflect the blade tip, to a wider portion on the opposite edge.



For a similar (complete) artefact, see WREX-E64E9C.



Dimensions: weight: 12.0g, length: 59.3mm, width: 11.8mm, thickness: 7.5mm",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-07-14T23:00:00Z,,,,12,,,7.5,59.3,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,,,,,,,,,ESS-DB51A6,,ESSDB51A6.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESSDB51A6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/637753.jpg
875357,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-950,410,"A copper alloy unidentified object, possibly a casting jet of possible Bronze Age date, circa 950-750 BC. May also date to the Roman period if it is not a casting jet, therefore a wider date is given from 950 BC to AD 410. 



The object is broadly rectangular in plan. The upper edge is flat and the underside has a 'U' shaped concave recess. Two circular-sectioned runners project from the upper edge of the object. The runners protrude beyond th eedges of the main body. The object has a mid-green patina with an abraded and pitted surface with areas of active corrosion.



Casting jets are waste products which form at the top of a two-piece clay mould when the molten metal has filled the object-shaped void below. An alternative suggestion by Dot Boughton is a very worn object with tubular fitting or socket. 



The object measures 41.54 mm in length, 26.90 mm in width, 18.98 mm in thickness and weighs 23.7 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.7,,,18.98,41.54,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,Wales,Isle of Anglesey,Isle of Anglesey,Trearddur,SH2480,From finder,53.28766282,-4.64177522,WMID-EFB938,,WMIDEFB938.jpg,"Bronze Age possible casting jet (plan view, front, reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMIDEFB938.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/637573.jpg
875381,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Fragment of a copper-alloy Bronze Age socketed axe head (c. 1100 - 800 BC). Only the cutting edge remains; the fragment is hollow and has a triangular section. Corrosion of the copper-alloy has resulted in a patchy pale green patina and the edges of the axe head fragment are worn and chipped. The edge of the break is rough and jagged. Unfortunately not enough remains of the axe head to be able to identity it more precisely or attribute a closer date. The length of the fragment is 33.88mm, its width is 45.77mm and the maximum thickness of the fragment is 13.69mm. The weight of the socketed axe head fragment is 64.00g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-08-14T23:00:00Z,,,,64,,,13.69,33.88,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Yapham,SE7950,Centred on field,53.94009431,-0.79802777,YORYM-F04668,,CWC0089.jpg,Bronze Age : axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/liddyprosser/CWC0089.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/641024.jpg
875521,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-300,"An incomplete copper alloy ""Moustache-shaped"" object probably of Middle Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age date (1500-300 BC). The object consists of two pointed drop-shaped elements (one point partially lost), D-shaped in cross-section and joined at their widest point, by a longitudinally recessed oval neck. There are multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper face on both domed sides of the object, the tapering lower parts are plain. The two moustache tips or prongs flare slightly outwards and terminate with a small rounded knop. The central neck section of the object is plain and undecorated but the underside (between the two prongs) has a sub-circular perforation, believed to facilitate the attachment of the object.

The metal is a mid-green in colour with a smooth patina.





Length: 23.50mm, Width: 21.57mm, Thickness: 13.03mm, Weight: 14.2g



Notes:

These moustache-like objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (Current Archaeology March 2012, Issue 264, 35). Some are 'single' examples while others are 'double' like this example, the drop-shaped elements often extending downwards rather more than outwards, for example YORYM-1AA0C5, SF-520513, HAMP-6F4C45, BERK-C3E5A3 and BH-AA1CBE.

The open area at the centre of the object suggests it was meant to top something that fitted into this gap. Descriptions of other moustache-like objects with similar perforations describe iron corrosion or wood mineralisation around the perforation. Although very similar to wing-shaped chapes, it seems unlikely they had a similar function, as the perforation (and size of the object) is comparably small.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.2,,,13.03,23.5,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Kettering,Dingley,SP7587,From finder,52.47578687,-0.89720905,NARC-2C32D7,,NARC2C32D7.jpg,NARC-2C32D7 : Moustache-shaped object : Bronze Age - Iron Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC2C32D7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/637676.jpg
875534,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age socketed axehead dating to the period c. 1500 - 1200 BC. Narrow-bodied with a square mouth and socket bordered by a deep, flat collar, now damaged. There is an irregular hole in one side of the body. Straight-sided, it remains uniform in width from just below the socket mouth until it expands into the flared cutting edge. It tapers in thickness from 18mm below the collar to 3mm at the cutting edge. The cutting edge itself is heavily chipped. A casting seam is visible along each side.



Apart from the tip of the blade, which exhibits a shiny, dark green patina, the surface is pitted and covered in corrosion product.



Similar in form to: WILT-C4C954 & IOW-C48CB1. 



Brendan O'Connor comments there is a small group of similar slender socketed axeheads from East Dorset (A Group of Middle Bronze Age Socketed Axes from East Dorset, Brendan O'Connor and Peter J. Woodward, PDNHAS 125, 2003, 144-6), and another in the Salisbury hoard. 



Length: 80mm, width of mouth: 27mm, minimum width: 21.5mm, width of blade: 28mm. Maximum thickness: 24mm, minimum thickness: 3mm. Depth of socket: 45mm. Wight: 93g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-06-03T23:00:00Z,2017-06-03T23:00:00Z,,"Hartpury, Lets Go Digging  June 2017",93,,,24,80,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Hartpury,SO7825,From finder,51.92308117,-2.32131415,NMS-2CA22C,,Gloucester_2CA22C_MBA_Axehead.jpg,Incomplete Middle Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/Gloucester_2CA22C_MBA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1150712.jpg
876028,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed and side looped spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1400-1250 BC). The spearhead has a short but slender kite-shaped blade with only the very tip missing. The socket is circular and tapers from the open mouth in to the shaft between the blade's wings. There are two lozenge-shaped undrilled 'loops' located nearly equidistant between the socket mouth and the balde. The mouth of the socket is ever-so-slightly recessed from the main socket. A small number of spearheads with undrilled loops have recently been recorded from across Oxfordshire; from Kingston Bagpuize (BERK-5BCE29), another from Cherwell (BERK-D20304) and another example was found in AD 1871 in Fyfield and is now in the Ashmolean Museum (accession number Ash.M 1927.2706).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-12T00:00:00Z,,,,89,,21.2,12.2,137,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Bampton,SP2902,From a paper map,51.71598429,-1.58163349,BERK-44F126,,2017340b.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Socketed spearhead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017340b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/638369.jpg
876080,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy palstave dating to the MIddle Bronze Age, c. 1500-1300 BC. The fragment consists of the butt end of the axe, showing the two pronounced side ridges characteristic of these tools.",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No 499,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-23T23:00:00Z,,,"Detecting for Veterans - Englefield, Berks 24.09.17",,,,,35.82,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Englefield,SU6272,From a paper map,51.44360665,-1.10930101,BERK-479CCD,,IMG_081315A.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/IMG_081315A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/638090.jpg
877085,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"TREASURE CASE : 2017 T1115.



A hoard of six Bronze Age copper-alloy axe heads, found in a stream. Five of the axe heads are socketed axes and one is a relatively rare example of a late palstave from a Ewart Park hoard (although other examples are known from East Yorkshire, see discussion, below). All six of the axe heads date to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (c. 1000 - 800 BC). Socketed axe specialist Dr Dot Boughton has suggested a very late 9th - early 8th century BC date (pers. comm.).



Note on condition: All axes have suffered the effects of being deposited in water, with patchy green and light brown copper-corrosion and some encrusting. One of the socketed axes (No. 2) was sand-blasted after discovery. This has markedly affected the condition of the axe.



Four of the axe heads are of the Yorkshire type typical of the area. It is possible that some of the Yorkshire types may be from the same mould.



(1) Complete copper-alloy socketed axe head with loop, Yorkshire type. The axe head is wedge-shaped with a square socket mouth of uneven thickness and single mouth-moulding forming a heavy collar. The loop sits below this; it is broadly lozenge-shaped in section and wide in plan, narrowing at the juncture towards the socketed end of the axe head. The cutting edge of the axe head is flared and still sharp. A casting seam is visible externally running longitudinally down both sides of the axe head and down the outer surface of the loop. Further casting seams are apparent running down all four faces internally and a small casting lip protrudes straight up from the middle of the edge of the socket mouth on the wide face (with the loop to the right). Of all the Yorkshire type axe heads within this hoard, this example has survived in the best condition; while there is a large degree of light brown and green copper-alloy corrosion, there are also smooth dark brown patches and the outline of the axe head is clear. The smooth brown surface is marked with shallow scratches and dents. Surface detail has been largely obscured by patches of corrosion at the socket end of the axe head, but three equally spaced ridges can just be made out running longitudinally down from below the socket collar on each face; these apparently terminate before the halfway point although it is not clear exactly where. The interior surface of the socket is covered with lumpy green and white accretions from being deposited in water.



Dimensions:



Length: 83.96mm. Socket Width: 38.03 x 39.35mm. Socket wall thickness: 6.63mm. Blade width: 51.63mm. Loop - exterior dimensions: 23.27 x 10.42mm; interior dimensions: 11.16 x 4.36mm. Weight: 226g.



(2) Complete copper-alloy socketed axe head with double-mouth moulding and loop, Yorkshire type. The axe head is wedge-shaped with a ridged sub-rectangular socket mouth of unequal thickness. There is a less prominent ridge running parallel below the socket mouth and three ridges running downwards from this at a right-angle can just be made out. Unfortunately, however, the original surface and much of the detail has been lost due to the axe head being sand-blasted after discovery. This may affect the measurements of the axe head. The surface of the axe head is now a dull grainy light brown. A loop protrudes from the less prominent ridge on one of the narrower faces of the axe head. The loop is broadly D-shaped in section and narrows at mid-point. The cutting edge of the axe head flares. There is a small lip protruding straight up from the long edge of the mouth socket (with the loop on the right), a relic of the casting process. A casting seam is also still visible running longitudinally down both of the narrow faces and down the outer surface of the loop. Sand-blasting has altered the top fifth of the inner surface of the axe head, but the bottom part retains a rough light-green patina from copper-alloy corrosion. There is an irregularly-shaped white stone wedged in the socket from the stream bed.



Dimensions:



Length: 84.03mm. Socket Width: 34.38 x 41.00mm. Socket wall thickness: 6.46mm. Blade width: 49.29mm. Loop - exterior dimensions: 18.97 x 6.78, narrowing to 3.95mm; interior dimensions: 9.17 x 6.13mm. Weight: 219g.



(3) Copper-alloy socketed axe head with loop, apparently deliberately crushed. The axe head is broadly sub-rectangular in shape with both of the short ends flaring, but only narrowing at the cutting edge. The socket mouth is now sub-rectangular in shape, with curved corners. The socket mouth is ridged and compression has caused fractures to appear. There is a less prominent ridge below the socket mouth, running parallel with it. A loop protrudes from this ridge to one side; it is broadly lozenge-shaped in section. A casting seam runs longitudinally down both narrow faces and the loop, visible externally. The surface of this axe head is very patchy, mainly rough light brown patches with some smooth dark brown areas and green copper-alloy corrosion. There is slight encrustation due to the deposition of the axe in water. Some of the roughness of the surface is caused from casting flashes that have not been filed away; this may suggest that the axe head was unfinished. The cutting edge of the axe head is bevelled, however, suggesting that it has been subject to sharpening. It is impossible to tell whether sharpening extended to the full length of the blade on both sides on account of the encrusted nature of the axe head.



Dimensions:



Length: 90.56mm. Socket Width: 25.39 x 47.78mm. Socket wall thickness: 6.97mm. Blade width: 52.64mm. Loop - exterior dimensions: 20.69 x 8.58mm; interior dimensions: 5.89 x 4.35mm. Weight: 239g.



(4) Complete copper-alloy socketed axe head with loop. The axe head is wedge-shaped with a square ridged socket mouth of uneven thickness. There is a section missing from the ridge at the corner between the wide face and the face with the loop (with the loop to the right). This probably occurred during manufacture. The loop is wide and rectangular in section, narrowing very slightly at the juncture towards the socket mouth. There is a casting seam visible running longitudinally down the opposite face and a seam running longitudinally between the socket mouth ridge and the loop, but not below it. The cutting edge of the axe head flares and is slightly notched. Within the socket is a sandy concretion of organic matter and white stone from the stream bed. Small white mineral deposits have also formed accretions on the exterior surface. Otherwise, the axe head has a rough light brown surface with light green patches of copper-corrosion and smooth dark brown patches.



Dimensions:



Length: 82.21mm. Socket Width: 37.85 x 38.32mm. Socket wall thickness: 7.54mm. Blade width: 51.83mm. Loop - exterior dimensions: 20.43 x 9.98mm; interior dimensions: 9.54 x 4.29mm. Weight: 218g.



(5) Complete copper-alloy faceted axe head of the Meldreth type. The axe head is long and slender with a convex cutting edge that flares and curves round into two sharp points. At the other end is a trumpet-shaped collar at the socket mouth. A ridge with central groove runs around the edge of the square-shaped socket mouth. The other side of the trumpet collar is demarcated by a parallel, although less prominent, ridge. There are four facets on each side of the blade. A loop projects to the side from the bottom of the trumpet collar; this is broadly lozenge-shaped in section with a casting seam running longitudinally down the middle of both sides. The casting seam on the outer side extends to the length of the axe head, with a matching seam on the opposite side of the axe head. These are not apparent internally. View of the socket is obscured by stone and organic detriment built up from the stream. Casting flashes remain on the outer surface of the axe head, giving it a bumpy outline. Otherwise, the axe head has a rough light brown patina with some smooth dark brown patches and areas of light green copper-alloy corrosion.



Dimensions:



Length: 105.75mm. Socket Width: 32.54 x 36.41mm. Socket wall thickness: 7.32mm. Blade width: 54.04mm. Loop - exterior dimensions: 23.70 x 7.57mm; interior dimensions: 7.57 x 4.98mm. Weight: 227g.



(6) Complete copper-alloy palstave with loop. The palstave belongs to the Late Palstave group (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 158-64), and can be placed within Type Isleham (Ibid., 161-2). The palstave is broadly rectangular in profile, widening towards the cutting edge. It is lozenge-shaped when viewed from the side, tapering to the sharp cutting edge and narrowing at the opposite end to a squared butt. It has a rectangular septum with a curved depression in the middle of the short outer edge that forms the butt end; the septum separates the straight-sided open flanges on either side which flare out from a point below the butt end to a stop ridge, forming the widest part of the lozenge-section. The flange on the side of the loop (when the loop is to the left) is missing a section, leaving a rectangular gap. The loop similarly protrudes from the widest point of the lozenge; the loop is pentagonal in section, having a wide, shallow ridge running longitudinally down the outer face and a sharper casting ridge running longitudinally down the inner face. Three ribs extend longitudinally down from the stop ridge on the two wider faces. The palstave has a rough patchy patina, with light brown and green corrosion and smooth dark brown patches. Stony white accretions from the water have built up in the juncture between the flanges and the septum and sandy organic material has built up in the loop.



Dimensions:



Length: 142.49mm. Length of blade (from cutting edge to stop ridge): 83.91mm. Blade width: 37.53mm. Length of septum: 52.87mm. Width of septum: 23.40mm. Loop - exterior dimensions: 24.77 x 9.80mm; interior dimensions: 12.16 x 4.99mm. Weight: 382g.



Discussion:



This hoard is notable for containing a range of axe types dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (c.1000 - 800 BC) (cf. Rohl & Needham 1998, 105-6). Some are very common in Northern England (e.g. Yorkshire types: Nos. 1 and 2, above) while others have stronger affinities with the south of England (e.g. Everthorpe and South-Eastern types: Nos. 3-5, above). The palstave axehead (No. 6, above) is a notable addition to a small number of late palstaves from Northern England (see Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 158-64; Burgess 1968, 14, f.n. 60). In this respect the hoard can be compared to the Sproutley hoard, East Riding, which contained a late palstave (of type Worthing) along with South-Eastern, Yorkshire and Everthorpe (and other) type socketed axes (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, pl. 66). The large hoards from Driffield, East Riding (Treasure cases 2016 T239 & 2016 T240), also contained a similar mixture of socketed axe types, although they did not include any late palstaves (see Huisman & Haldenby 2018 for full discussion). In short this hoard is consistent with what we know of depositional practices and hoard composition during the latest centuries of the Bronze Age in East Yorkshire (c.1000 - 800 BC).



It is interesting that one of the axe heads seems to have been deliberately damaged prior to deposition. While the stream in which these axe heads were found appears to be modern, it may follow the route of an original gully. A nearby road name contains the name 'mire' and the area looks to be on the margins of a small island which sits above an area of carr/moss. It seems, therefore, that these axe heads were deposited within the context of a liminal boundary between wet and dry land, potentially on the very edge of the wetland or within a stream which runs seasonally (Peter Reavill, pers. com.).



Conclusion: 



The hoard qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 regarding prehistoric metalwork assemblages.



Author and title: Date: 



Lydia Prosser 4th January 2018



FLA for North and East Yorkshire



Checked and updated:



Neil Wilkin



Curator, The British Museum



2nd March 2018



References:



Burgess, C. 1968. Bronze Age Metalwork in Northern England c.1000 to 700 BC. Newcastle: Oriel Press



Husiman, F. & Haldenby, D. 2018. 'Two late Bronze Age Hoards from the Yorkshire Wolds', Prehistoric Yorkshire 55, 2018, 75-96



Needham, S.P. 1990. The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork. An analytical study of Thames Valley metalworking in its settlement context. London: The British Museum, Occasional Paper 70



Rohl, B. & Needham, S. 1998. The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis. London: The British Museum, Occasional Paper 102



Schmidt, P.K. and Burgess, C.B. 1981, The axes of Scotland and northern England, München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.",,4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Building work,,,2017T1115,,,,,,,6,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Newbald,SE9136,Generated from computer mapping software,53.8123337,-0.61942814,YORYM-BEFC9F,,YORYMBEFC9F7.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/liddyprosser/YORYMBEFC9F7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/641187.jpg
877103,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A looped and socketed copper alloy spear head dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1250 BC. It seems to fit into Davis's Group 2 (2017). It has a triangular blade with ribs on each blade wing, and a prominent midrib, lozenge shaped in cross-section. The socket is circular in cross-section and the socket extends just into the base of the blade midrib. There is a side loop on each side of the socket, positioned very close to the end of the object, away from the blade. The spear head is 124.5mm long, 30.4mm wide and 20.6mm thick. It weighs 103.49gm. The internal diameter of the socket is 15.5mm. It has a smooth golden brown patina with only slight pitting and corrosion.



Davis (2017) notes that ""Spearheads from the earlier MBA were those with sockets extending into the blade, and with loops on the side of the socket. They date to the Acton Park and Taunton phases, 1550-1250 BC."" He describes his Group 2: ""Early socketed"" as ""Triangular blade. Socket with short shaft aperture extending only to base of the blade.""



Davis R (2017) Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.5; A Short Guide to Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-01T00:00:00Z,2017-02-28T00:00:00Z,,,103.49,,,20.6,124.5,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Thornton-le-Dale,SE8382,Generated from computer mapping software,54.22699979,-0.7283497,SWYOR-BF7F41,,SWYORBF7F41_AD.jpg,Middle Bronze Age spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/SWYORBF7F41_AD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/643350.jpg
877224,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Cast copper alloy unlooped palstave axe probably dating to the Middle Bronze Age palstave 1500 to 1150BC. The axe shares similarities with the Taunton metalwork assemblage and Hotham related to the palstaves of the Acton Park metalwork assemblage to which it bears some resemblance similar to Needham et al fig 140 (1985) and Read (1995: p.3 fig 9 ) Dated to 1200 BC. The axe is almost complete and is relatively long with a length of 150mm. The butt is slightly concave and has a width of 30mm. The flanges are flat, longiform in plan, straight and parallel as far as the stop but do not extend all the way to the butt, with a width at the stop of 30mm. The blade is flaring 72mm wide with a slightly bevelled facet possibly as a result of hammering. The septum is very small and hard to discern and the edge of the butt maybe slightly broken. The axe has a green patina with green colouration in patches and there are various nicks along the length The axe is 30mm wide and there are no traces of casting flashes on the flange facets which must have been filed away. The axe share similarities with, NMGW-D73AD4 and NMGW-FAACD2.

The palstave shares typological features with Group I and Group II palstaves, the primary forms introduced to Britain in the Middle Bronze Age (Schmidt and Burgess 1981). As there are no side loops or midrib, this palstave may be relatively early, probably a Group II type from the Acton Park phase of Bronze Age metalwork, c1450-1300BC.

Schmidt and Burgess tell us that the term 'palstave' is misleading, as it comes from the Icelandic 'Paalstab' meaning a digging tool, not a type of axe. The term is used in British archaeology to describe an axe where there is a stop and the flanges disappear into the stop. Palstaves are also thicker below the stop. They are usually decorated on the blade and, as time went on, developed loops. Group I palstaves have a shield-like decoration below the stop ridge and variable flanges.

The concentration of palstaves in the North West of England is explained by the proximity to the Acton Park province, the major production area in north Wales and the Marches

British Bronze Age metalwork. A1-6., Early Bronze Age hoards / by Stuart P. Needham, Andrew J. Lawson and H. Stephen Green. London : Published and distributed for the Trustees of the BritishMuseum by British Museum Publications, 1985. ISBN - 0714113808 (unbound)

Read, B. 1995. History Beneath Our Feet. Anglia Publishing, Ipswich

Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 119",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-10-14T23:00:00Z,2017-10-14T23:00:00Z,,,,,,28,146,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Cumbria,Copeland,Beckermet,NY0106,From finder,54.43973237,-3.52796182,LANCUM-C2B467,,LANCUMC2B467.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUMC2B467.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/639013.jpg
877243,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"Fragment of a copper-alloy ingot of probable late Bronze Age date, c. 1150 - 600BC.



Part of a plano-convex (bun) discoid ingot possibly suggesting the production in a bowl furnace rather than a mould. The upper is flat and the bottom is convex. Only a small section remains with a part of the original edge and very worn irregular breaks on the other sides. The section of the outside edge is too small to idenify the complete diameter. The ingot is pitted likely due to a mix of impurities in its matrix and the uneven natural material used to create the bowl in which it was cast.



The fragment is 65.4mm by 51.2mm and 23.8mm thick; it weighs 291g.



Bowl furnaces were developed during the Mediterranean Bronze Age, becoming popular in Britain in the Late Bronze Age and were used intermittently to the modern era for many types of metal.","This fragment was found in the same area as several hoards containing ingots, 2017 897, 898 and 901, however it is not clear which, if any it is assocated with. The very worn, patinated breaks sugest this has not recently been disturbed from a hoard. On the advice of the Kent FLO this has therefore not been reported under the Treasure Act 1996 as it is not certain it was original deposited with or in association with any of the other pieces.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-15T23:00:00Z,2017-09-16T23:00:00Z,,Lees Court Rally 2017 (Medway History Finders),291,,,23.8,65.4,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,South East,Kent,Swale,Badlesmere,TR0254,GPS (from the finder),51.2493853,0.89307981,SOM-C304F9,,SOMC304F9.JPG,Bronze Age ingot fragment,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elburnett/SOMC304F9.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/639856.jpg
877323,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy socketed axe head fragment, Length: 42 mm, width: 61 mm, thickness: 19 mm, weight: 127 grams. The fragment consists of the blade end and is sub- rectangular in form and cross section. It has a hollow rectangular core and the object tapers in width down towards its slightly flared rounded blade which is 3mm thick at its tip. It is very worn and has no diagnostic features present.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-02T00:00:00Z,2017-11-02T00:00:00Z,,,127,,,19,42,1,Wendy Scott,Elisabeth Janovsky,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Gaddesby,SK6813,Centred on field,52.71040094,-0.99491926,LEIC-D348D4,,LEICD348D4.jpg,"Bronze age socketed axe head fragment, 1000-800 BC",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ejkj1/LEICD348D4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/639110.jpg
877396,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-800,"A complete copper alloy possible flat axehead dating to the Bronze Age.



The axehead is sub-rectangular in shape, with rounded edges and tapers in width towards one end. In side view, the object is thickest in the centre and tapers in thickness towards each end, creating a pointed oval section.



The metal is pitted, very corroded and mid green in colour. The axe head is 71.2 mm long, 29.7 mm wide, and 7.4 mm thick. It weighs 55 g.



This object is relatively small compared to other Bronze Age flat axes and similar examples on the PAS database have been recorded under various types, including miniature object e.g. YORYM-CE8933 (59.01 mm), flat axe e.g. KENT-CF6F79 (80.6 mm), and chisel e.g. SUSS-9B7F13 (65.17 mm).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,55,,,4.5,71.2,1,Gail Hitchens,Gail Hitchens,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Goole Fields,SE7317,From finder,53.64442639,-0.8972149,YORYM-D53C89,,RRi0004.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe head or chisel or miniature object,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gehitchens/RRi0004.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/639207.jpg
877440,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,"








An undated copper alloy object, a fragment of casting debris (a casting jet) from metal working. The object is cone-shaped with a deep well in the centre and a thick stubby runner beneath, which would have flowed into the mould. The runner has several incised lines around it that may be tooling marks from when the jet was detatched from the mould, or may indeed be evidence of the tool working on the mould itself. The casting jet has a light green patina with much blackened material across and around it. Although it is not possible to identify the period with certainty, the patina suggests this casting jet is probably Bronze Age in date.








",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,24.8,14.9,27,,,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Stonesfield,SP4017,Centred on field,51.85016847,-1.42069536,BERK-D71CAB,,2017369.jpg,Bronze Age casting waste: Casting jet,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2017369.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/639226.jpg
877480,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An incomplete copper alloy Middle Bronze Age tanged knife. Tip of blade broken away, tang stubby with lenticular cross-section to blade. The midpoint of the blade is 1.97mm in thickness; upper edge of tang is 9.17mm in width.",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No W151,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2017,5.37,,,1.97,45.99,1,Alex Bliss as Finder,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP3014,From a paper map,51.82382138,-1.56612665,BERK-D82735,,DSCN4933.JPG,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/DSCN4933.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/639245.jpg
877566,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-850,"Incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead blade with a larger, heavy blade which suggests it was produced during the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age. The asymmetric casting with a misaligned core has caused one socket wall (11 mm thick) to be much thicker than the other (4 mm thick). This does not appear to have prevented the axehead from having been prepared and used. The socketed axe appears to have been deliberately broken in antiquity, most likely while hot from recent experimental research (Matt Knight pers comm). The blade has broken off below the socketed body of the axe where any decoration, probably in the form of longitudinal parallel ribs, would have terminated. There is a deep longitudinal groove on one face but this is more recent damage since deposition. The end of the socket is internally 28 mm long, 7 mm wide and 20 mm deep.



See CORN-37D710 for an axehead from the St Buryan hoard with a similar slightly expanded blade and three parallel ribs on each face with is part of the Ewart Park metalwork assemblage, dating from c.950-850 BC.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar example from St. Erth, that is in Penzance Museum, on page 565, plate 4, no.43a, which is classified as a Stogursey-type socketed axe, but is also referred to as a South Wales type, but without the complete axehead, it cannot be classified.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-10-27T23:00:00Z,2017-11-05T00:00:00Z,,,144.65,,,19,50,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Deviock,SX3355,Generated from computer mapping software,50.37113783,-4.34975321,CORN-E91A21,,DSCN5968.JPG,socketed axe blade (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN5968.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645054.jpg
877584,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"Incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead with a square socket and the remains of a side loop and decorated with three converging moulded ribs on both faces, dating from the Late Bronze Age. The axehead is missing most of its collar and only has two stubs where the integral side loop would have joined them together. The surface is corroded and pitted with patches of light green oxidisation, but most of the dark green surface patina remains on the blade. The longest surviving rib on the face of the axe is 56 mm long and 3 mm wide. The axehead is slender in form and bears features that are most directly comparable with the South Welsh type, such as the three converging ribs, square socket and side loop descending from the collar moulding, which date from the Ewart Park metalwork phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age. However, the axe most closely conforms with Schmidt and Burgess' (1981, 173-175) Gwithian type. This type is based on a mould for a slender socketed axe found in the occupation layers at Gwithian, Cornwall (Burgess 1976; Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 174). In the same occupational layer, two Continental bronze pins were also found, which broadly date to the Penard phase of the British Bronze Age (c.1300-1100 BC) (Needham 1981, 34). Thus Gwithian-type axes might predate the typical South Welsh type socketed axes from the Ewart Park phase and could date to the Penard or possible Wilburton phase (1300-1000 BC). Due to the uncertainty around dating these axes, it is perhaps best to give a broad date from 1200-800 BC, which equates to the Middle-Late Bronze Age in Britain. Other Gwithian type axes are known as single finds such as from near Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales (Burgess 1976, 71), and Sedgemoor and Loxton Hill, both Somerset (Pearce 1983, Nos. 673 and 678) (Matt Knight pers comm).



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar socketed axehead with parallel sides, a sub-rectangular section and three converging ribs on each face, from Kingsbridge in Devon, on page 95, pl.15, no.139.



References



Burgess, C.B. 1976. 'The Gwithian mould and the forerunners of South Welsh axes' in Burgess, C.B. and Miket, R. (eds) Settlement and Economy in the Third and Second Millenia BC. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Series 33, pp.69-79.



Needham, S.P. 1981. The Bulford-Helsbury Manufacturing Tradition. London: British Museum Occasional Paper No.13.



Pearce, S.M. 1983. The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Series 120i and ii.



Schmidt, P.K. and Burgess, C. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prähistoriche Bronzefunde Abeilung IX, Band 7. Munich: C.H. Beck.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1994-07-31T23:00:00Z,1995-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,185.5,33,,5,102,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Maker-with-Rame,SX4249,Generated from computer mapping software,50.31970636,-4.22077933,CORN-E98BB3,,DSCN5980.JPG,socketed axe (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN5980.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645058.jpg
877596,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-850,"Incomplete cast copper alloy socketed gouge, rectangular in plan, lozenge-shaped in profile with a circular socket in section, with faint vertical striations preserved in the groove which are probably remnants of use (Matt Knight pers comm). The circular socketed end is broken and partly missing, with an internal diameter of 13 mm at the broken edge, and the cutting edge is worn, partly through use, with its orginal surface missing. The gouge tapers in profile from the open end to a point at the cutting edge which is curved into a semi-circle so that it can gouge out sections of wood or other materials. The surface is corroded and pitted but most of the original patina remains on both sides of the gouge. Socketed gouges are first seen in the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar socketed gouges from St Keverne, Cornwall on page 570, plate 9, no.75, from Blandford, Dorset on page 607, plate 46, no.348f, from Lulworth, Dorset on page 623, plate 62, no.502m, and from Stogursey, Somerset on page 649, plate 88, no.746e, which are dated from the Ewart Park phase c.950-850 BC.



Rohl & Needham (1998) illustrate a similar socketed gouge on page 136, fig.38, no.323, which is dated from the Ewart Park metalwork phase of the Late Bronze Age, c.950-850 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1994-07-31T23:00:00Z,1995-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,38.5,16,13,2,56,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Maker-with-Rame,SX4250,Generated from computer mapping software,50.32869288,-4.22119839,CORN-E9D3F1,,DSCN5972.JPG,socketed gouge,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN5972.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645050.jpg
877598,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1950,-1500,"Incomplete cast copper alloy small low flanged axehead blade with the faint remains of low flanges extending to the blade expansion dating from the Early to Middle Bronze Age c.1950-1750 BC or possibly c.1750-1500 BC (Matt Knight pers comm). The blade is trapezoidal in plan, triangular in profile, tapering towards the cutting edge, and rectangular in section at the broken edge. The blade was originally crescentic with expanded pointed terminals but has been worn to rounded terminals. The blade narrows towards the broken end, which is below where the transverse stop ridge would have been, stopping the haft or handle from sliding down the blade when the axe was being used. The blade is too corroded and pitted to see if there was any decoration at the narrower broken end between the flanges.



Flanged axes with crescentic blades can be found during the Arreton metalwork phase of metalworking assemblage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996, 122) Period 3 (c.2000-1700 BC), such as the Class 5 axe illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 127, fig.28, no.89).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate a similar flanged axe with wide transverse grooves on the blade from Staxton in North Yorkshire in plate 33, no.411, which is classified as a Type Arreton long flanged axe and dated from the Arreton metalwork phase, which now dates from c.1700-1500 BC (Matt Knight pers comm).



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar low flanged axehead with crescentic blade from Christchurch in Dorset on page 88, pl.15, no.227.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1994-07-31T23:00:00Z,1995-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,56.35,,,9,45,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Maker-with-Rame,SX4250,Generated from computer mapping software,50.32869288,-4.22119839,CORN-E9F18E,,DSCN5976.JPG,small low flanged axe (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN5976.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645047.jpg
878316,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy pegged spear dating from about 1100 BC - 800 BC. Only part of the socket survives, but there is some preserved wood within the socket. The start of the blades are visible at the upper end, and the circular peg holes survive. The lower end is also incomplete. The breaks are patinated.



The fragmentary spear is 69.5mm long, 25.9mm wide at the peg hole, and 25.3mm thick at the lower end. 53g including the trapped wood and mud. The peg holes are 5.6mm diameter.



Late Bronze Age Spearheads are discussed in Davis (2016) Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.3; A Short Guide to Late Bronze Age Spearheads.",,3,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,2017-11-16T00:00:00Z,,,53,,,25.3,69.5,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Skipton,SD9950,Generated from computer mapping software,53.94610409,-2.0167229,SWYOR-542A23,,SWOR542A23BronzeAgeSpeara.jpg,Bronze Age Spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWOR542A23BronzeAgeSpeara.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/646655.jpg
878624,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy ring fragment from a bracelet or arm ring. It is sub oval in section. It appears undecorated but on one side there are two faint incised diagonal lines 7mm and 11mm from one end (the left end on the image) of the fragment. There is also a 3.5mm long horizontal incised line on the outer edge that starts at the break. The break itself is much cleaner than at the other end. There are three short horizontal scars on the inside of the bracelet. These look like they are either attempts to cut the bracelet with a chisel or where material has been removed to assist in producing the ring's curve. Probably dates to between c1600 and c800 BC.



The length is 36mm, diameter 4mm, and the weight 3.58g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-12-05T00:00:00Z,2017-12-05T00:00:00Z,,,3.58,,,,36,1,Alex Whitlock,Alex Whitlock,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Edenham,TF0524,GPS (from the finder),52.80334507,-0.44391672,LANCUM-701BB4,,LANCUM701BB4.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy ring fragment from a bracelet or arm ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/AlexIdris/LANCUM701BB4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/642269.jpg
878833,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a possible socketed axehead, possibly dating to the Late Bronze Age c.1000 - 800 BC). The fragment is triangular in shape and has a smooth rounded and curved edge which may have been part of the mouth of the socketed axehead. One rib is visible on the surface in the form of a moulded vertical line. The outer edges are jagged from where the fragment has broken off.



The fragment is 25.6mm in length, 18.9mm in width, 4.3mm maximum thickness, and weighs 5.60g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-21T23:00:00Z,2017-04-21T23:00:00Z,,,5.6,,,4.3,25.6,1,Helena Costas,Helena Costas,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Houghton,SU3333,GPS (from the finder),51.0953641,-1.53013441,BUC-82C753,,BUC82C753.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hcostas/BUC82C753.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/640176.jpg
879022,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
A Bronze Age copper alloy fragment of a blade, no further details, no photograph.
",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No. P202,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2017,,,,1.14,22.2,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP3014,From a paper map,51.82382138,-1.56612665,BERK-9847A5,,,,,,,
879047,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead of the Late Bronze Age, Ewart Park phase (c.900-800 cal BC))



The axe head has lost part of the socket and some of the body from the aperture towards the point. The apeture is sub rectangular where it can be seen. The blade of the axe has a very slight curve at both sides, and is 39.79mm wide,  and 27.42mm wide above the socket. The aperture measures 18.98 by 23.81mm. On both the front and reverse of the axe is a single rib. The body is slightly facetted towards the edges and both sides are sub triangular in shape: the apex of the triangle is at the point of the blade. As well as the structural damage to the axe there is some minor damage, wear and corrosion whether due to age more recent damage cannot be determined. Much of the original surface is missing.



Length 66.45mm, width 37.17mm, weight 113.2g



Based on comparison with a similar axe in Schmidt & Burgess (1981, pl. 89, no. 1369) the axae discusssed above is of the Yorkshire type, and dates to the Late Bronze Age (c.900-800BC). Yorkshire  Type axes have a wide distribution through East Anglia and northwards into central Sotland (Ibid, p223). The type was well represented in both the Bowes Moor hoards (DUR-308251 and DUR-1F5057).





Refs: Schmidt, P.K., Burgess, C., 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. C.H.Beck.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-23T00:00:00Z,,,,113.2,,,,66.45,1,Des Murphy,Des Murphy,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Brancepeth,NZ2438,From finder,54.73640608,-1.62878664,DUR-A6E0C2,,DURA6E0C2_smaller.jpg,DUR-A6E0C2,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DURA6E0C2_smaller.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1006166.jpg
879538,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axehead probably dating from the Ewart Park phase, 1000 - 800 BC. It consists of part of the blade and the cuttting edge. The blade is rectangular in cross-section, has a hollow, rectangular core (the end of the socket) and tapers to the slightly flared cutting edge which has flared blade tips. The sides of the blade at the tips is slightly concave. The fragment is in good condition, with a smooth, dark brown patina. It is 52mm long, 22.8mm wide and 12.1mm thick. It weighs 43.94gm.



WMID-DF1D02 notes that ""Almost all socketed axes are from the Ewart Park phase (1000-800 BC)."" This example is likely to be similar in dating.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-03-04T00:00:00Z,2016-03-04T00:00:00Z,,,43.94,,,12.1,52,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Dorrington,TF0851,Generated from computer mapping software,53.04536876,-0.39046139,SWYOR-FDA84D,,SWYORFDA84DBronzeAgeAxehead.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYORFDA84DBronzeAgeAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/644028.jpg
879556,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
~~Copper alloy socketed spearhead fragment that dates to the middle to late Bronze Age. This is the tip of the spearhead and has a pronounced spine running down its centre that is circular in cross-section, this is flanked by thin blades that taper to a fine point. The rear of the spear is truncated resulting in the loss of the socket and rear section of the blades.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-07-31T23:00:00Z,2017-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,5.52,,,6,35,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Stroud,Slimbridge,SO7304,From finder,51.73405446,-2.39237339,GLO-FDF733,,GLOFDF733.jpg,GLO-FDF733 Bronze Age spear tip,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOFDF733.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645073.jpg
879823,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"An incomplete copper-alloy tip from a spearhead, of probably Late Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1400 - 1100 BC). It is broadly triangular in plan and broadly lozenge shaped in cross section with a raised central mid-rib on both sides. The fragment has a rounded point at the top, which has sustained some damage. The sides of the spear head taper from the rounded point to a broken end. It has a mid-green surface patina which has been heavily abraded; the spear head has lost most of its diagnostic features and as a result further classification is difficult.



It measures 44.16mm in length, 11.86mm wide (base), 6.86mm wide (tip) and 7.81mm thick. It weighs 12.28grams.



Similar spearhead fragments have been recorded on the database, including one from Newark and Sherwood, Nottinghamshire (DENO-447EC6) and East Hampshire (HAMP-A3D039).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.28,,,7.81,44.16,1,Emily Freeman,Emily Freeman,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Wixford,SP0954,From finder,52.18417656,-1.86978155,WAW-15C31C,,WAW15C31C.jpg,Bronze Age: spearhead fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/efreemondo/WAW15C31C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/644216.jpg
879959,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A complete, but slightly bent, cast copper-alloy socketed and side looped spearhead of the Middle Bronze Age date, dating to the period of 1500-1150 BC. It measures 119.72mm in length and 18.62mm in width and weighs 49.72g. The patina is smooth, dark brown in colour with patches of light green. After the slightly bent tip, there is a kite-shaped blade with slightly rough and jagged edges, which measures 62.7mm long and 18.62mm at its widest point. The central ridge runs down the centre of the blade, and blends seamlessly into the shaft of the spearhead. Underneath the blade on either side is decoration in the form of hatching; approximately seven horizontal linear grooves, which end at the loops. The casting seams on either side of the edge appear to have been trimmed and hammered flat. Running down from the hatching can be found a lozenge shaped undrilled loop, one either side, measuring about 22mm in length and 16.67mm in width. They sit approximately in the middle of the spearhead, between the blade and the open socket mouth. As the loops are undrilled, it is difficult to say how they could have been used to help attach the wooden shaft to the spearhead, or whether they were used as suspension loops for tassels or other forms of decorations. The open socket mouth is circular, measuring 16.78mm in diameter, and has a slightly recessed and jagged edge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,49.72,,,,119.72,1,Nina Dierks,Nina Dierks,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Lacock,ST9468,,51.41098869,-2.08765783,WILT-2AAC2A,,WILT2AAC2Al.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/flojohnstone/WILT2AAC2Al.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/641825.jpg
880152,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-300,"~~An incomplete copper alloy moustache-like object probably dating from the Middle Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age (1500-300 BC).

This has a hollow bulbous body one end of which narrows to a fine point giving an overall tear drop shape. To the side of the wider end is a hole 9mm long by 5mm wide. The wider body of the object has fine latitudinal lines the run around its circumference with only the pointed tip remaining undecorated.


These moustache-like objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (Current Archaeology March 2012, Issue 264, 35). Some are 'single' examples such as this item while others are 'double' see YORYM-1AA0C5, SF-520513, HAMP-6F4C45 and BH-AA1CBE.



In the case of double examples there is normally an open area at the centre of the object suggesting it was meant to top something that fitted into this gap. Descriptions of other moustache-like objects with similar perforations describe iron corrosion or wood mineralisation around the perforation. Although very similar to wing-shaped chapes, it seems unlikely they had a similar function, as the perforation (and size of the object) is comparably small.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,2017-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,4.08,,,10,22,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Somerset,South Somerset,Barwick,ST5614,From finder,50.92376814,-2.62738266,GLO-3F7F09,,GLO3F7F09.jpg,GLO-3F7F09 Bronze Age moustache-like object,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO3F7F09.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/644927.jpg
880325,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy (bronze) blade, probably from a palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating (c. 1500 BC to c. 1150 BC).



The blade fragment is triangular in both shape and cross section. Only the lower portion of the blade is present, with a rectangular cross section, it has broken below the stop ridge. The sides are concave. A central ridge runs two thirds of the length of the front and back faces. The cutting edge is lost, but it still retains a convex form.



The palstave fragment measures 71.8 mm in length, 62.3 wide (at the blade), 23.8 mm wide (at the break), 15.7 mm thick (at the break) and 2.5 mm thick (at the blade). It weighs 182.0 g.



The palstave fragment is a mid brown to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of most of the original surface detail. All breaks are patinated.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,182,,,15.7,71.8,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard,SJ8212,Generated from computer mapping software,52.70536571,-2.26783461,WMID-7D44CA,,WMID7D44CA.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID7D44CA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/641502.jpg
880477,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"A complete copper-alloy probable chisel or wedge, of possible Bronze Age dating (c. 1150 BC to c. 600 BC).



The possible chisel is flat and rectangular, with a triangular cross section. The upper end is square, and exhibits signs of being struck. The lower end is rounded, with old breaks. It expands in width from the lower end up to the square upper end. There are slight concave depresions on each face below the square upper end. Both front and back faces are undecorated.



It measures 90.3 mm in length, 16.3 mm wide (top), 10.1 mm wide (lower end), 16.0 mm thick (top) and 5.2 mm thick (lower end). It weighs 94.0 g.



The possible chisel is a dark green to brown colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



A couple of similar possible chisels have been recorded on the PAS database, including: SUR-DFA787; LANCUM-17104C and NLM-5232B6. Chisels and awls have few diagnostic features and change little through time, making their dating and identification more difficult. The attention to detail with the decorative facets around the head, may be suggestive of a Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,94,,,16,90.3,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Mavesyn Ridware,SK0819,From finder,52.7685382,-1.8828698,WMID-9089DE,,WMID9089DE.jpg,Possible Bronze Age: Possible chisel or wedge,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID9089DE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/641656.jpg
880664,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"A complete copper alloy awl / leather working tool of uncertain date, possibly Bronze Age but conceivably Roman or medieval.



Description: The awl is in very good condition with a dark grey-brown mildly patinated surface. The awl has a square cross section. Both ends taper to a sharp point. One point is slightly longer than the others and each of the four faces is slightly indented. There are some scratches on the rounded end. Some awls may have been hafted in to a wooden or bone handle however this example was probably used in the hand without hafting as both ends of the awl are useful, practical tools.



Measurements: 27.08mm long, 4.59mm, 4.62mm and 1.56g in weight.



Description: From the PAS website: (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl) Awls are difficult to date but most copper-alloy examples are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and many were probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). They were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.56,,,4.59,27.08,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Shepway,Lyminge,TR1540,Generated from computer mapping software,51.11893097,1.07070705,KENT-A73509,,KENTA73509.jpg,probable bronze awl,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTA73509.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/641914.jpg
880670,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"A complete copper alloy awl / leather working tool of uncertain date, possibly Bronze Age but conceivably Roman or medieval.



Description: The awl is heavily patinated and has taken a lot of damage around the nib leaving it distorted and with several deep cuts across its surface. The awl has a circular cross section. With a long sharp tapering point. The opposite end to the point is significantly wider and and rounded. Some awls may have been hafted in to a wooden or bone handle however it is uncertain in this case which category it falls into.



Measurements:56.38mm long, 4mm, 5.19mm and 4.95g in weight.



Description: From the PAS website: (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl) Awls are difficult to date but most copper-alloy examples are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and many were probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). They were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.95,,,5.19,56.38,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Shepway,Lyminge,TR1540,Generated from computer mapping software,51.11893097,1.07070705,KENT-A762D7,,KENTA762D7.jpg,Bronze age awl?,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTA762D7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/641927.jpg
880691,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"A piece of copper alloy casting waste likely a 'casting jet' from a two piece mould. Uncertain date possibly Bronze Age.



Description: The object is circular in plan and sub-conical. Four circular-sectioned runners project from the body of the object at irregular points on the body. The upper surface is dished with a rough surface. The object has a mid-green patina.



Dimensions: 27.42mm in length, 31.46mm long, 26.24mm wide, 56.55g



Discussion: Casting jets are waste products which form at the top of a two-piece clay mould when the molten metal has filled the object-shaped void below. As they represent re-usable metal, they were often retained and regularly turn up in base metal hoards of the Bronze Age. C.f PAS record BH-8DDE6E. A similar casting jet albeit probably form a South-Wales type axe is recorded at LVPL-0C459C. A late Bronze Age date is therefore tentatively suggested.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,56.55,27.42,,,31.46,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Barham,TR2050,Generated from computer mapping software,51.20681886,1.148148,KENT-A8272B,,KENTA8272B.jpg,casting Jet of uncertain age,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTA8272B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/641949.jpg
880815,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-800,"
A fragment of a copper alloy Bronze Age axe blade, type uncertain.
",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No. P254,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-15T23:00:00Z,2017-09-15T23:00:00Z,,Detectival 2017,9.68,,,6.9,,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP3014,From a paper map,51.82382138,-1.56612665,BERK-BD3647,,254composite.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/254composite.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/642132.jpg
882075,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Palstave of middle to late Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The item consists of the butt end, of the socketed aspect of the object, designed to fit a wooden handle. The flanges are retained on both sides, tapering into the butt. At the break is transverse, old and abraded.





The metal is dark green in colour with areas of light green corrosion and pitting. The core of the object, as visible due to the break, is light green and shows signs of active copper corrosion.





Length: 28.18mm, Width: 26.97mm, Thickness: 7.61mm, Thickness (with flanges): 12.07mm, Weight: 32.6g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-10-05T23:00:00Z,,,,32.6,,,7.61,28.18,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Norton,SP5964,From finder,52.27099833,-1.13678195,NARC-3881A0,,NARC3881A0.jpg,NARC-3881A0 : Palstave : Middle-late Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC3881A0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/643387.jpg
882082,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An almost complete cast copper alloy, socketed spearhead of Davis Group 13, dating from the Late Bronze Age. The spearhead can be described as a pegged leaf-shaped socketed spearhead with lanceolet blade and circular sectioned mid-rib. It dates from c. BC 1000 - BC 800.



The spearhead has an elongated leaf-shaped blade, the edges of which are bevelled and still sharp. The very tip of the blade is damaged. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering (tip to base) lozenge shaped midrib. The midrib expands towards the base to form the socket, the socket has an internal diameter of 20.6 mm and the wall is 2.1 mm thick. Mid-way down the socket there are opposing circular peg holes, (measuring 5.4 mm in diameter). The blade is broadly leaf or flame shaped in plan, and in section the wings are triangular. The cutting edge is present and is bevelled. There doesn't appear to be evidence of use or sharpening on the surface. The wings taper in at the base towards the peg holes. There is a modern break situated about half way up the blade, and a piece missing from here on the reverse of the object. There is a triangular groove above the peg holes on the front face of the socket.



The tip part measures 86.3 mm in length and is 29.7 mm wide at base and 4.7 mm wide at tip. It has a thickness of 9.2 mm and weighs 41.0 g.



The socket part measures 117.5 mm in length and is 31.1 mm wide at top and 26.3 mm wide at base. It has a thickness of 14.5 mm and weighs 84.0 g.



The total length of the object is 196 mm. The maximum width is 31.3 mm and the maximum thickness is 14.5 mm. The total weight of the spear is 125.1 g.



The object is a mid green in colour with an uneven, but mostly shiny green patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail and some damage to the object. This object probably corresponds with examples from metal working phase I or II of the Late Bronze Age. Similar objects have also been recorded on the database including DENO-F70BF6, BUC-8CCAA3 and SF-161BF3.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-08-22T23:00:00Z,2017-08-22T23:00:00Z,,,125.1,,,14.5,196,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Claverley,SO8195,From finder,52.55250777,-2.28165046,WMID-38E295,,WMID38E295_base.jpg,WMID-38E295 - Base of Socketed Spear Head of the Late Bronze Age,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMID38E295_base.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1004494.jpg
882163,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-750,"2018 T111; Undergoing Valuation



Description: A Late Bronze Age gold penannular ring, dating to the period 1150-750 BC. It measures 16.02mm in diameter at its widest point and 14.67mm at its most narrow, making it slightly oval. It is 4.59mm thick and weighs 4.72g. It narrows towards the terminals to 3.95mm. The gap between the terminals measures 1.9mm.



Discussion and Date: The Penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Egan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange' (Mark Lodwick and Mary Davis in record NMGW-04216C; references therein). Similar examples to this object are found on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database including: DUR-EC189D, HAMP-F7B741, YORYM-0DD2F7.



Consequently, in terms of age and as the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal, it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.



Fiona Johnstone

Finds Liaison Assistant, Wiltshire",,3,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2018T111,,4.72,,16.02,4.59,,1,Fiona Johnstone,Nina Dierks,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Downton,SU1825,,51.02409174,-1.74472808,WILT-4AC4DE,,WILT4AC4DE.jpg,Bronze Age Penannular Ring,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/flojohnstone/WILT4AC4DE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/646544.jpg
882439,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1600,800,"A copper-alloy sword or dagger fragment dating to the middle to late Bronze Age (1600-800 BC). The fragment comprises a cast segment from a markedly tapering blade of lentoidal section. The fragment measures 48mm in length, 31mm in width and 6mm in thickness. It weighs 36.53g. See NLM-56F0CD for a parallel.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-29T00:00:00Z,,,,36.53,,,6,48,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Chalgrove,SU6496,From finder,51.65914989,-1.07616875,BH-613B41,,BronzeAgespear.jpg,Middle to late Bronze Age sword,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pwalton/BronzeAgespear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/643680.jpg
882460,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"The tip of a cast copper alloy blade, probably a rapier of Middle Bronze Age date (1600-1000 BC). The surviving fragment is sub-triangular in shape with the edges near the tip being concave. It has a broad central rib 6.2mm wide at the old, worn break narrowing to 2.0mm wide at the tip, which is rounded. The cross-section is pointed oval or lenticular, with a slight flattening to either side of the midrib on both faces. The metal is a mid-green in colour with a smooth and shiny patina.

The fragment is 31.6mm long and 12.4mm wide. It narrows from 3.2mm thick at the central rib to c.0.7mm thick at the edge and weighs 3.98g. The central rib is 2.9mm thick at the tip.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-07T23:00:00Z,2017-09-07T23:00:00Z,,,3.98,,,3.2,31.6,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kings Somborne,SU3731,From finder,51.07713729,-1.47322068,HAMP-6194BC,,HAMP6194BC.jpg,Middle Bronze Age rapier,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP6194BC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/643894.jpg
882552,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1300,1100,"A fragment of a copper-alloy dagger dating to the later Middle or earlier Late Bronze Age, probably 13th-12th century BC. The fragment comprises a small portion of the blade and the tang. The blade is missing its tip but is lentoidal in section. The edges of the blade are either missing or heavily corroded. The tang extends from the blade and is approximately trapezoidal in plan. The remains of a hemispherical section rib are visible on both the upper and lower surfaces of the tang. The fragment measures 49mm in length, a maximum of 25mm in width and a maximum of 7mm in thickness.



Two small fragments of copper-alloy waste/slag were found at the same findspot. They measure:



a) 22mm in length, 16mm in width, 8mm in thickness and weighing 7.4g.



b) 23mm in length, 21mm in width, 8mm in thickness and weighing 7.86g.



The dagger is similar to BH-2DF409 and LANCUM-EDDE97 which both date from 1300 to 1150BC. This fragment with its pronounced midrib resembles both daggers and might therefore belong to the Penard phase, too, dating to the earliest phase of the Late Bronze Age 1300-1150 BC. It would be a smaller bladed/pointy weapin, i.e. a Ballintober type dagger - the term 'Ballintober type' normally referring to swords. Most British Ballintober swords come from the Thames Valley and a small number was found in South West England and South Wales.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,7,49,3,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Gilston,TL4413,From finder,51.79711553,0.08679681,BH-63EBE7,,BH63EBE7B.jpg,Bronze Age spear fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH63EBE7B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/644011.jpg
883308,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1600,"A heavily worn and corroded middle Bronze Age flat axehead fragment. Dating to EBA III c. 1800-1600 BC.



Description: This approximately thumbnail size flake from a flat axehead is heavily worn and corroded. There is a slight raised ridge down the middle of the fragment. It's colour is almost black on one side and a mottled green finish on the other.



Measurements: Length: 0.836mm Width: 0.613mm Thickness: 0.096mm Weight: 3.31g



Discussion: The poor condition of this object makes determining its exact nature difficult but a number of Bronze Age Specialist agree that it is likely a fragment of EBA III axehead likely.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.31,,,0.096,0.836,1,Henry Weeds,Henry Weeds,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,Hadlow,TQ6249,GPS (from the finder),51.21722024,0.31822528,KENT-CBED06,,bladefragment.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/henrydw21/bladefragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/644357.jpg
883504,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-1700,"Early Bronze Age copper alloy developed flat axe, possibly Aylesford or Bandon type (Schmidt and Burgess, 1981, 65-7) probably dating to between c2300 to c1700 BC. The axe has a broad head, tapering to a narrow butt. There is no evidence of flanges or ridges along the sides of either face but it is heavily corroded. This implement is sub-rectangular in plan with an expanded crescent shaped blade. The butt, in plan, is complete with a rounded terminal. In cross section the body of the axe has lentoid profile. The axe appears to be undecorated. The length is 77mm, width 37mm, thickness 10mm, and the weight 25.54g.

The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age (EBA III) of metalworking stage IV-V (more likely V) specifically within the developed flat axe tradition which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL.BC. This axe is very similar to a number of examples specifically from the type: Brandon. These are described by Burgess and Schmidt in Catalogue of the Axes in Northern Britain as: being ""notably smaller than other advanced flat axes, usually under 130mm length. They have straight parallel or near parallel sides which curve out suddenly just above the blade to a widely expanded crescentic cutting edge.

Reference:

Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140

Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-13T00:00:00Z,2017-11-13T00:00:00Z,,,77.73,,,10,77,1,Alex Whitlock,Alex Whitlock,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Paythorne,SD8251,Centred on parish,53.9547759,-2.27578417,LANCUM-DE1B40,,LANCUMDE1B40c.jpg,Early Bronze Age copper alloy developed flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/AlexIdris/LANCUMDE1B40c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/644670.jpg
883512,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1150 - c. 800 BC). Only the tip of the axehead survives. The blade edge is mostly intact and has a convex curve. The fragment has a broadly rectangular cross-section at the break. The break reveals the very tip of the inside of the rectangular socket. The fragment is corroded and pitted, with an olive-brown patina and patches of green corrosion product. Overall, the object measures 20.7mm from the break to the cutting edge, 35.1 mm wide (length of cutting edge), and 9.7 mm thick. It weighs 22.9g. The internal measurements of the socket are 24.7 mm by 2.4 mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-06-10T23:00:00Z,,,,22.9,,,9.7,20.7,1,Phil Hughes,Phil Hughes,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Amber Valley,Crich,SK3455,GPS (from the finder),53.09113411,-1.49376791,DENO-DE3DDD,,DENODE3DDD.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENODE3DDD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1002861.jpg
883635,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"Bronze age copper alloy spearhead fragment of Davis Group 13. The fragment is sub rectangular in form, with a central circular cross sectioned, tapering shaft, flanked by incomplete blade projections. At one end there is a circular hollow forming the base of the shaft and the other (upper) edge there is a circular cross sectioned, solid centre with triangular cross sectioned projections. The fragment forms the lower part of the blade, where it joins its shaft and is in a very poor condition. Length: 42 mm, width: 20 mm, thickness: 11 mm, weight: 15.14 grams.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2017-12-13T00:00:00Z,,,15.14,,,11,42,1,Wendy Scott,Elisabeth Janovsky,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Swinderby,SK8763,Centred on parish,53.15703352,-0.70036489,LEIC-E0EF32,,LEICE0EF32.jpg,"Bronze age copper alloy spearhead fragment, 1400-800 BC",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ejkj1/LEICE0EF32.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/644600.jpg
883842,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,-800,A copper-alloy awl or punch of Late Bronze Age date. The awl possesses an oval-section body which tapers and terminates at each end in a point. The awl measures 78 mm in length and a maximum of 6 mm in diameter. It weighs 7.06g.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,7.06,,6,,78,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Stokenchurch,SU7797,GPS (from the finder),51.66651141,-0.88804648,BH-F57824,,BHF57824.jpg,Bronze Age awl or punch,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BHF57824.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645378.jpg
884168,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete socketed copper alloy spear head dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1250 BC. It probably can be assigned to Davis's Group 6 'Developed side looped' type (Davis 2017). It has a narrow blade measuring 45 mm in length. The tip is missing and the break is very worn and patinated suggesting it broke in antiquity. Only circa 12-15 mm of the tip appears to be missing. The blade wings are highly abraded and irregular, though much of this appears to have occurred post-deposition since the breaks are a different patina to the rest of the object. A maximum width of 7mm remains of the the blade wings. There is a hollow cylindrical socket at the blade base. The base of the socket is incomplete, and no side loops are visible.



The total length of the spearhead is 66 mm and the maximum width (from blade wing to wing) is 21 mm. The maximum thickness is 14 mm. The diameter of the socket at the base is 14 mm. The spearhead weighs 23.82g.



Davis (2017) notes that ""Spearheads from the earlier MBA were those with sockets extending into the blade, and with loops on the side of the socket. They date to the Acton Park and Taunton phases, 1550-1250 BC.""



Davis R (2017) Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.5; A Short Guide to Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.82,,,14,66,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Fiskerton,TF0671,From a paper map,53.22547899,-0.41367588,LIN-1CDF13,,LIN1CDF13.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy spear fragment,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN1CDF13.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1000697.jpg
884231,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Fragment of a probable Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unidentified (probably composite) object, half extant, 'moustache-shaped' with a central hollow. There are two opposed rivet-holes in the sides adjacent to the flat mouth of the internal hollow. The object is unbroken and must have comprised one of two separate parts of a composite moustache-shaped fitting, unlike most examples, which are complete or to be part of broken objects cast in one. Deep multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper part of the moustache the end plain where it tapers to a point. Height / length 25.5mm. Width 14.5mm. Thickness 14.5mm. Weight 9.69g. The date of this enigmatic object is uncertain. Examples occurred in the Salisbury Hoard, which contained Bronze Age material but was buried in the Iron Age (Stead 1998). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (see entry for HAMP-C04CC3). Other Norfolk examples have been found in Attleborough (NMS-54B54B, HER 33179), Gayton (HER 16121), Barton Bendish (HER 17600), Methwold (HER 5235), Runcton Holme (HER 33872), Shernborne (HER 24431), Shouldham Thorpe (HER 39265), Snettisham (HER 24432), Swaffham (HER 29208), see Rogerson and Ashley (2009), 556-7, figs.1-3.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2017-10-18T23:00:00Z,2017-11-15T00:00:00Z,,,9.69,,,14.5,25.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Lynford,TL8390,,52.47724089,0.69316816,NMS-1EEF62,,49881_1EEF62_MBA_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,Bronze Age moustache-like unidentified object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/49881_1EEF62_MBA_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/647047.jpg
884765,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1400,"A complete copper alloy unlooped palstave axehead, dating to the middle Bronze Age, 1500-1400 BC.



The palstave is rectangular in shape with a central stop ridge which is worn on both sides. In cross section from the top the axehead is H shaped. After the stop ridge the axehead flares out to form a wide curved blade which measures 72.9mm in width. In profile the blade is triangular and narrows to a sharp edge. There are a couple of small breaks and notches in the blade edge. In cross section from the side the axehead is composed of two ovals. On both sides there is a irregular casting seem running the length of the axehead. The axehead is similar to the shield-patterned pastaves from Acton, however there is no 'shield shaped' impression below the stop ridge.



The axhead is dark brown with orange and green patches. There are circular holes, both large and small, on both sides from casting. The axehead measures 165mm in length, 26.2mm in width across the body, and weighs 434g.



C.f. Rohl and Needham 2015, page 128, figure 29.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-16T00:00:00Z,,,,434,,,,165,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Haddenham,SP7207,GPS (from the finder),51.75706987,-0.95826598,BUC-722493,,BUC722493.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave Axe Head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC722493.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645935.jpg
884815,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-1000,"An incomplete copper alloy palstave axe head dating from the Mid Bronze Age, c.1250-1000 BC. The axe is rectangular is shape in the body, widening slightly towards the cutting edge, which is sub-circular and curved. A hammered and trimmed casting seam is visible along both sides.One side flares out slight more to the other. In cross section the cutting edge is triangular in shape. There is a worn break across the body of the palstave which is rectangular in cross section. The axe head has a dark red brown patina. Part of the upper surface has chipped away along the blade edge and along part of the worn break, revealing a light green patina underneath. There are also circular air holes across the surface from casting. The finder has put a thick layer of varnish coating across the surface of the axe head.



The palstave measures 28.2mm in length, 57.5mm in width, and weighs 70g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-16T00:00:00Z,,,,70,,,,28.2,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Quainton,SP7220,GPS (from the finder),51.8739332,-0.95556823,BUC-730A0F,,BUC730A0F.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave Axe Head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC730A0F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/645939.jpg
885361,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1250,"Fragment of a copper alloy spear head dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1250 BC. It probably can be assigned to Davis's Group 6 'Developed side looped' type (Davis 2017). It has a narrow blade measuring 44mm in length and 18mm in width. The tip is missing and the break is very worn and patinated suggesting it broke in antiquity; the base of the fragment also shares the same patina. Most of the spear head is missing.



Davis R (2017) Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.5; A Short Guide to Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads



Class: Davis Group 6",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.8,,,11,44,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Temple Bruer with Temple High Grange,TF0053,From finder,53.0648949,-0.50912783,LIN-9E4468,,LIN9E4468.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy spear,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN9E4468.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/646445.jpg
885628,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1750,410,"A complete copper alloy miniature flanged axe, dating to the late Early/ early Middle Bronze Age (c.1750 - 1550 BC).

The axe has expanding, straight sides, curving into the cutting edge. At this point there is a slight imitative stop ridge on both faces. The flanges are low (c.1mm high), extending from below the butt end and tapering out as the sides curve into the cutting edge. The butt end is narrow and thin (6.3x0.9mm) with a slight convex curve and possibly a small area of damage at one corner. The cutting edge has a more pronounced curve, is 14.8mm wide and 0.8mm thick at the very edge. In profile, the object is lenticular or an elongated pointed oval. The max. thickness is at the centre of the object, where it is 3.8mm thick. The sides expand to 10.7mm before curving into the cutting edge. There are vertical scratch marks along the body of the axe on both faces.

The object measures 49.2mm in length, 14.8mm in max.width, 3.8mm in max.thickness and weighs 7.91g.



This object is clearly modelled on the low-flanged axe, characteristic of the Arreton Park metalwork assemblage. Arreton types date to metalworking stage VI, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 4 circa 1750-1550 BC. It is uncertain whether this is a miniature axe intended for use (it seems rather small for axe-purpose) or perhaps had use as a votive object; it is larger though in its miniature form similar to miniature socketed axes (for eg.HAMP-657353) thought to have an amulet or votive function and believed to date between the Bronze Age to the Roman period (Robinson, P; 1995).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.91,,,3.8,49.2,1,Jordan Gamble,Jordan Gamble,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Nether Wallop,SU3238,Generated from computer mapping software,51.14037943,-1.54397191,HAMP-B3BE22,,HAMPB3BE22.jpg,Bronze Age - Roman miniature object,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMPB3BE22.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/647169.jpg
885709,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Cast copper alloy awl, sub-triangular in plan, rectangular in profile and ovate in section. The awl tapers in plan from the rounded spatulated end which is 14.6 mm wide, and sub-rectangular in section, to the pointed end which is 3 mm wide and circular in section. The awl is heavily patinated and has taken a lot of damage around the nib leaving it distorted and with several deep cuts across its surface. Some awls may have been hafted in to a wooden or bone handle and this flattened butt end may have made for better hafting. Plain copper-alloy awls are hard to date precisely, but ones of this form are known to have been introduced in the Bronze Age with most being later Middle to Late Bronze Age in date c.1150-800 BC. The form changes little throughout time, however, and post-Bronze Age examples are also known.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar awl with a chisel-like opposite end from Tarrant Rushton in Dorset on page 103, pl.30, no.314, recorded in DOR-6DF7F6 and dated from the Middle to Late Bronze Age, c.1500-800 BC.



Similar examples have been recorded on the PAS database, including SF-333182 from Suffolk, SWYOR-55A4B7 from Yorkshire, and WILT-97977D from Wiltshire.","From the PAS website: (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl) Awls are difficult to date but most copper alloy examples are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and many were probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117), they were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-12-31T00:00:00Z,2017-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,32.17,,,6.5,98,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Gwinear-Gwithian,SW6039,GPS (from the finder),50.20224624,-5.36454385,CORN-DC1D01,,DSCN6048.JPG,awl (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN6048.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/647311.jpg
886020,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,2200,1900,"Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe-chisel

The axe-chisel is near-complete but is heavily corroded with some damage to the blade and butt and is comparatively small (with a length of 46.7mm and a weight of 22.0g). The butt is straight and flat with a little damage (12mm wide and 2mm thick). The sides are near-straight and divergent for the entire length of the axe-chisel, reaching the maximum width at the blade (of 26.4mm and with a thickness of 1.5mm). Much of the original blade edge is lost, which is of curved form but was not recurved. Both faces are very gently convex across their lengths but reach a maximum thickness (of 5.7mm) approximately one-third of its length from the butt (15mm from the butt) and is near-flat across their widths. There is no discernible median bevel or blade facets, although the blade faces converge more sharply (beginning 9mm from the blade edge). The side has a lenticular profile and there are no 'developed' features evident on the axe-chisel. The original surface has nearly all been lost with small remnant patches evident on both faces with a mid-green patina, elsewhere the pitted surface has corroded bright-green to green brown.","Early Bronze Age axe-chisel implements are difficult to relate to established axe typologies with any confidence. This example has no 'developed' features, perhaps indicating an early date of the bronze implements from the Early Bronze Age but also possibly because of a restricted casting technology and limited subsequent working. It could be suggested that the axe displays features more similar to Needham's Type 2 axes with a lenticular profile, comparatively wide butt and straight sides (perhaps 2C /D), although visual examination suggests a bronze rather than copper metallurgy. It is possible to suggest therefore that the axe may belong to Metalworking Assemblage III, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 2 -3 and probably dating to c. 2,200 - 1,900BC.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,22,,,2,46.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Eirini Anagnostou,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Longtown,SO3430,GPS (from the finder),51.96454255,-2.9620237,NMGW-0670CA,,201619.jpg,Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe-chisel,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eanagnostou/201619.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/646959.jpg
886209,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,950,750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of South Wales (Stogursey) Type and of Ewart Park Metalworking Industry of Needham's (1997) Period 7, dated to c. 950 - 750BC

The socketed axe is complete (with a length of 100.6mm and a weight of 277.1g). The top of the mouth is flat (with external dimensions of 54.5mm x 41.7mm and internal dimensions of 33.6mm x 27.8mm) and the remnants of the four casting stubs are evident, positioned near the inner edge of the mouth. The socket is sub-rectangular and appears to retain some sediment (at a depth of 66mm). Beneath the mouth the collar is short (7mm - 8mm) and bevelled to the faces, somewhat rounded in areas. The arched loop (37mm long 12mm high externally and 16.9mm x 6.5mm internally) springs from the base of the collar moulding and is of D-shaped section (5mm wide and 4mm thick). The sides are near-straight, very gently concave (with a minimum body width of 41.7mm) before diverging a little more sharply at the blade. The casting seam is evident on both faces and is now corroded but was raised and carefully finished. The sides are bevelled towards the seam, producing a sub-hexagonal body profile. The blade edge has a slight expansion (with a blade width of 48.0mm) and is moderately rounded. Both faces are straight along their lengths before a subtle but discernible blade facet (27mm from the blade edge) and have a slight convexity across their widths. Both faces are decorated with three ribs, which are near-parallel on one face but convergent on the other. The ribs (52mm - 61mm long) descend from the collar moulding and end before the blade facet. Much of the surface has been lost on the blade but a fragment of original surface survives showing sharpening striations running along the blade. The surface has a variable patina of pale to dark-green with peripheral surface loss and active pale-green corrosion.",,4,Lead,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,277.1,,,,100.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Eirini Anagnostou,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,Myddfai,SN8127,From a paper map,51.92875483,-3.73209048,NMGW-1BA516,,2016271.jpg,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of South Wales (Stogursey) Type and of Ewart Park Metalworking Industry of Needham’s (1997) Period 7, dated to c. 950 – 750BC",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/eanagnostou/2016271.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/647108.jpg
886624,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Primary / Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy early palstave (1500-1300 BC): The blade of the palstave is sub-trapezoidal in plan with slightly concave sides, flared blade tips, and no side loop. The cutting edge is heavily abraded, as is the surface of the blade so not sure whether it is symmetrical or asymmetrical through use. The sides of the blade are concave in plan, and this curvature stops at the junction of the blade and flange side. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. There are no traces of a casting seam but this may be due to corrosion.



The palstave, on both faces, has a prominent straight stop-ridge which is rectangular in plan. There are no hollows or ribs before the stop-ridge. The flange sides are a sub oval in profile with a flattened surface along the centre which was probably due to the removal of a casting seam.



In plan the septrum is rectangular and the butt has an abraded edge. The flange tops lean inwards over the septrum forming a convex exterior surface of the flange. 



The palstave has a well-developed brown patina which is incomplete and abraded. 



The palstave measures 155.16mm long from the blade cutting edge to the butt, 61.33mm wide from one blade tip to the other, and 27.81mm thick across the apex of the flanges. It weighs 466g.



Similar to Figure 19, No. 129 in Savoury (1980). The palstave is an early/primary example dates to the Middle Bronze Age period, and can be narrowed down to c. 1500-1300 BC.



Savory, H.N. 1980 Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections National Museum of Wales: Cardiff",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-08-30T23:00:00Z,2017-10-03T23:00:00Z,,,466,,,27.81,155.16,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,Abergwili,SN4722,From finder,51.87552279,-4.22399228,WAW-44B22D,,WAW44B22D.jpg,"Bronze Age palstave (profile, plan, profile, plan and butt).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW44B22D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1000012.jpg
887228,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2250,-1900,"Incomplete copper alloy Early Bronze Age flat axehead dating to the period c. 2250 - 1900 BC. Trapezoidal in shape with a curved cutting edge. The butt end is incomplete due to an old break and now measures 21mm in width. The blade then expands along its length to the cutting edge and has a maximum width of 33.2mm.



It exhibits a mottled green brown patina.



51mm in length, 33.2mm maximum width, 21mm minimum width, 7.1mm maximum thickness, 0.6mm minimum thickness and weighs 51.1g.



Similar objects on the database include CORN-7E0A41, SOM-05539E & HESH-33EA4A",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-09T23:00:00Z,2017-09-28T23:00:00Z,,,51.1,,,7.1,51,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Horningtoft,TF9323,From finder,52.77009398,0.85947986,NMS-98F8AD,,32977_98F8AD_EBA_Axehead.jpg,Incomplete Early Bronze Age flat axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/32977_98F8AD_EBA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1159222.jpg
887256,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age pin. The flaring head has a slight chamfer at the upper edge and the top is very slightly concave. Below the head there is a band of multiple fine incised lines and three broad bands of multiple incised oblique lines (those in the central band are reversed), the lower edge of this decoration is damaged where the pin is slightly bent and the rest of the circular-sectioned shaft is undecorated with the terminal broken in antiquity and now worn smooth. Extant length (unbent) 49.5mm. Diameter of head 5.5mm. Weighs 2.85g.



Unlike the large 'Picardy' pins of the Middle Bronze Age, this small pin has no swelling on the shaft. However, as with Picardy pins, it is likely to belong to the 'Ornament horizon' phase of the late Taunton or early Penard phase of the later mid Bronze Age, approximately 1400-1250 BC.



(Finder's number DW7-97)",,3,Copper alloy,Other,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-12-12T00:00:00Z,2018-01-08T00:00:00Z,,,2.85,,5.5,,49.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Narborough,TF7310,,52.66011745,0.55651466,NMS-99743C,,51091_99743CMBA_Pin.jpg,Bronze Age pin,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/51091_99743CMBA_Pin.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1018168.jpg
887514,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,-700,"A complete cast and decorated socketed chisel head dating to the Late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age transitional period c.9th-8th century BC, Ewart Park Phase.



Description: The chisel has a wide flat crescent shaped blade at the end of a long cylindrical body. The blade heavily abraded. The socket end has an oval aperture 10.57mm by 7.97mm. Each edge has a pair of opposed diagonal lines incised on them, creating a feathered decorative affect. One of the thin edges has the feathering go all the way up to the blade while the other stops before the blade begins to fan out. A fifth line exists as a second collar prior to the collared socket. Despite some minor verdis gris around the abrasion on the blade edge the chisel remains in excellent condition albeit in a dull dark brown colour.



Measurements: 53.08mm long, 23.29mm wide (at blade end, 17.05mm at socket end), 15.91mm thick (at socket end, 2.05mm thick and blade edge) and 21.21g in weight. Socket is 10.46mm high, 8.27mm wide.



Discussion: Dr. Dot Boughton observes that while this chisel superficially looks like a socketed axe is rather an unlooped woodworking tool. She continues, that it is likely of LBA, Ewart Park (c.10th-8th centuries BC) as shown by the herring bone decoration which is mirrored on some specimens early Iron Age Sompting type axes but not on LBA examples, and it is much better executed than on EIA axes. we could make a case for this being transitional, ie LBA-EIA, 9th-8th century.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.21,,,15.91,53.08,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ9051,From a paper map,51.22656114,0.7197557,KENT-9E799C,,KENT9E799C.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Chisel,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT9E799C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1000777.jpg
887646,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy Bronze Age blade, dating to the period 1500-1150 BC. It measures 38.89mm in length and 17.8mm in width. It is 2.89mm thick and weighs 7.86g. The patina is smooth, the colour is dark green and brown. The blade is lozengeform in cross section.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.86,,,2.89,38.89,1,Nina Dierks,Nina Dierks,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Gussage St. Michael,SU0014,,50.92545492,-2.00137156,WILT-B03F7B,,WILTB03F7B.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hannahgrigson/WILTB03F7B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1001192.jpg
887651,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-701,"Incomplete copper alloy barbed and tanged arrowhead of probable Middle - Late Bronze Age date (c. 1600 - 701 BC). One barb is missing and the other is incomplete due to old damage. The tang is slightly fluted on both faces, although the fluting is slightly asymmetrical between the two faces. The notches between the barbs and tang are slightly indented on one face. Both faces exhibit a central longitudinal mid-rib, giving a lozengiform cross-section.



Stuart Needham, having examined a photograph of another Norfolk example (NMS-477E93), commented: ""It is interesting to learn of yet another of these arrowheads from British soil. Many years ago I would have ]...[ suspected a collector's loss. However, there are now sufficient (as well as the one secure context in the Penard hoard, Glamorgan) to suggest some currency of the type in this country. Despite the morphological similarity to flint versions, they by no means have to be Early Bronze Age. Bronze barbed-and-tanged arrowheads in one guise or another continue right through and my suspicion would be that most finds are Middle to Late BA. The Penard example proved to have an unusual metal composition suggestive of it being a foreigner.""



Similar in form to: SF-C931F4, SF-4014B0 & SWYOR-3A2CF7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-09T23:00:00Z,2017-09-28T23:00:00Z,,,4.2,,,4,30,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Mileham,TF9318,Centred on field,52.72520219,0.8565404,NMS-B061B6,,32098_B061B6_MBA_Arrowhead_Ill.jpg,Middle Bronze Age arrowhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/32098_B061B6_MBA_Arrowhead_Ill.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025020.jpg
887675,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-750,Incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead dating to the period c. 1100 - 750 BC. It commences in an old break at the base of the socket and tapers into the cutting edge. Lenticular in cross-section and triangular in profile.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-04-09T23:00:00Z,2017-09-28T23:00:00Z,,,12,,,7.5,15,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Mileham,TF9318,Centred on field,52.72520219,0.8565404,NMS-B0E26A,,32098_B0E26A_BA_Axehead.jpg,Incomplete Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/32098_B0E26A_BA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1159219.jpg
887848,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead tip. The blade edge narrows to a flat tip, still relatively sharp, and is curved in form with crescentic sides that narrow in towards the main section of the axe. In cross section the axe head is rectangular in plan and is hollow, showing the beginnings (or end) of a socket. This is a fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, possibly from the Ewart Park phase of metalwork c. 1000 - 800 BC.",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No: B452,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2017,46.32,,,14.5,27.1,1,Katie Hinds,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP3014,From a paper map,51.82382138,-1.56612665,BERK-C488AD,,452composite.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/452composite.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1000999.jpg
888012,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy dagger tip of Bronze Age date, c.2300 - 800 BC. The fragment is triangular with an ogival section. The surface is undecorated and no midrib can be determined.



The metal has a delaminated light green patina. The fragment is 38.9mm long, 14.5mm wide, 4.1mm thick and weighs 5.3g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.3,,,4.1,38.9,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,York,York,Fulford,SE6048,GPS (from the finder),53.92466775,-1.08781246,YORYM-D78623,,ACZ0018.jpg,Bronze Age : Dagger Tip,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/ACZ0018.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1003847.jpg
888075,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy 'Yorkshire Type' socketed axehead of Late Bronze Age date, 1000 - 800 BC. The axehead is wedge shaped with a sub-square socket, the mouth has been lost to old worn breaks. Internally the socket tapers and narrows to the cutting edge. Externally the axehead tapers and narrows along the body before expanding into the blade and cutting edge which flares towards each blade tip. Much of one surface is damaged, broken and worn. A D-shaped, ovate sectioned attachment loop is present to one side, below the mouth and casting flashes are present on both sides of the axehead including the loop. The surviving face appears to have faint traces of three worn short and narrow ribs.



The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The axehead is 83.3mm long, the remaining socket has an external diameter of 24mm x 27.2mm and is 3.5mm thick, the blade is 45.5mm wide. The axehead weighs 122g.



Three ribbed Yorkshire type axes are a well-known part of the Ewart Park metalwork assemblage of the British Late Bronze Age. In Yorkshire, many hundreds of these axes have been found as single finds as well as in hoards.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,122,,,3.5,83.3,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bilton,TA1434,GPS (from the finder),53.7898389,-0.27101477,YORYM-D9AD33,,RO0086.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/RO0086.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1003895.jpg
888150,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A Bronze Age copper alloy fragment of a socketed axe which comprises the blade cutting section, most of which is intact. The rest is broken away as a result of old damage. The socket is triangular in profile. Dates to the Ewart Park phase, c. 1000 - 800 BC. This axe cannot be typified more exactly due to the lack of more diagnostic features such as the socket mouth, mouldings and side-loop.",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No: B490,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-14T23:00:00Z,2017-09-14T23:00:00Z,,Detectival 2017,85.41,,,15.77,56.13,1,Alex Bliss as Recorder,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP3015,From a paper map,51.83281208,-1.56604031,BERK-ED0407,,490composite.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/490composite.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1001278.jpg
888169,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead tip fragment with some corrosion. The blade edge narrows to a flat tip, still relatively sharp, and is curved in form with crescentic sides that narrow in towards the main section of the axe. In cross section the axe head is rectangular in plan and is hollow, showing the beginnings (or end) of a socket. This is a fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, possibly from the Ewart Park phase of metalwork c. 1000 - 800 BC.",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No: P556,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2017,46.4,,,13.6,27.1,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP2914,From a paper map,51.82387398,-1.58063547,BERK-F2E2B2,,556composite.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/556composite.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1001295.jpg
888525,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1400,"An Early to Middle Bronze Age (1800 - 1400 BC) copper alloy dirk or dagger. Ogival blade expanded centrally. The butt is trapezoid in form with shoulders that curve inwards to the narrow blade. Two rivet holes to the bottom of either side would secure the hilt in place, both of which still retains its rivet; the rivet is 11.5mm long with a 7.4mm diameter and has a slightly expanded domed head at either terminal. The sides of the blade are straight and gradually taper to the point, running down the length of the blade on both sides is a very low central spine. Post depositional corrosion has resulted in shallow notches being removed from the side of the blade but otherwise this item is in very good condition with a light brown patina over most of the artefact.

Dirks, dagegrs and rapiers of this style are classified as the Wessex Culture (c.1800-1400 BC) by Read 2001, 76, no 625, fig 53 and as belonging to Group 2 in Burgess, C., and Gerloff, S. 1981, 'The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland'. Similar artefact on the database: GLO-7EFE1A",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-10T00:00:00Z,,,,53.2,,,3.8,169.8,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Blewbury,SU5485,,51.56130255,-1.22241106,BERK-2C1328,,BERK2C1328complete.jpg,Bronze Age: Dirk: Copper Alloy rivet dagger,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bertie123/BERK2C1328complete.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1007318.jpg
888599,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A nearly complete cast copper-alloy socketed side-looped spearhead of early Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1550-1250BC. Acton Park I-II Type, (Needham Period 5) - Burgess's Metal Working Stage VIII and IX. Davis Group 5, wide blade side looped.



The spearhead comprises a leaf shaped blade with chamfered edges and a conical socket with protruding, semi-circular side loops; one to either side of the socket which are positioned in line with the cutting edge of the blade. A protruding mid-rib is present to both surfaces of the blade where the socket tapers to the tip. The edges of the blade are worn with a small semi-circular break to the lower curved edge of one side. Slight casting flashes are visible to either side of the loop though have been removed and smoothed down along the socket. Two small worn circular perforations are present on the socket, one to either side midway between the blade and loops. It is possible that the spearhead's stability has been reinforced with the addition of pegholes. Pegged varieties were not exclusive to the Late Bronze Age; as Davis (2017) notes in discussing the early socketed groups, some 'may have peg holes'. A slight bend in the blade is present which may be the result of purposeful decommissioning of the object though may also be a result of depositional processes.



The metal has a dark brown patina, delaminated with powdery green patches in places. The spearhead is 125.2mm long; the blade is 36.8mm x 4.3mm; the socket is 22.1mm in diameter, 2.7mm thick, 73.4mm depth. The object weighs 89g.



Side-looped spearheads correspond to Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV which date to the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5, c. 1500-1150BC. A side-looped spearhead from the Thames at Mortlake (DoB 31) has been radio-carbon dated by Needham et al (1997) producing an early radiocarbon date of 3225+/- 65BP (OxA-5948) 1680-1400BC with a 95% confidence rating.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,89,,22.1,4.3,125.2,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Watton,TA0449,GPS (from the finder),53.92669734,-0.41766702,YORYM-2D7578,,ATF0001.jpg,Bronze Age : Spear,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/ATF0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1003835.jpg
888698,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe. Extant length 16mm. Extant width 18mm. Weight 5.08g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-12-13T00:00:00Z,2018-01-10T00:00:00Z,,,5.08,,,,16,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Upper Sheringham,TG1441,,52.92375008,1.18207761,NMS-2F73F9,,15602_2F73F9_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/15602_2F73F9_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154584.jpg
888699,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"A fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1150 to 750 BC). The fragment comprises the wedge-shaped blade and is approximately semi-circular in plan, with a small notch taken out of one corner. It measures 58mm in length, 26mm in width and a maximum of 9mm in thickness. It weighs 44.9g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-27T00:00:00Z,,,,44.9,,,9,58,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Podington,SP9261,From finder,52.23951112,-0.65410555,BH-2F7A87,,BH2F7A87.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH2F7A87.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1002141.jpg
888895,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1300,"A complete, cast copper alloy flanged axehead of middle Bronze Age date, c.1400-1250BC. The blade tapers in thickness to the edge with no edge bevel. The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan with a narrow, squared butt end. The flanges start a short way in from the butt corners and form a pointed oval shape in profile with the crest of the flange being the widest point. The exterior surfaces of the flanges are slightly concaved and no casting lines are visible. The flanges terminate approximately mid-way along the body. There is no obvious stop ridge for the handle to butt against although there is a not very pronounced curved stop on the main body just above the lower end of the wings. The blade is thicker than the septum and tapers in thickness to the crescent shaped blade with no edge bevel. The edge of the blade is slightly chipped on one side.



The axehead is undecorated and the metal has a brownish-green patina, with bronze showing in patches, on some edges and the blade.



It is 110.5mm long, 44.2mm wide at the blade, 18.9mm wide at the butt end, 35.1mm thick at flanges and 13.67mm at the middle and weighs 197g.



If compared with similar examples on this database, this axehead fits into the Middle Bronze Age phase specifically that associated with the Arreton and Acton Park metalwork assemblages. These examples can be found at SWYOR-BAA720, LANCUM-B39815, LANCUM-C126E6 and IOW-DC1AD8, all lacking the stop ridge characteristic of other axe types and with prominent cast flanges. Similar axes can be seen in Schmidt and Burgess (1981), specifically plates 36-38, Early Short Flanged Axes of Type Caverton and Type Cragg Wood.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-29T00:00:00Z,,,,197,,,35.1,110.5,1,Ann Lipscombe,Ann Lipscombe,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Husthwaite,SE5074,From finder,54.15938396,-1.23580226,DUR-41AE2E,,DUR41AE2E_smaller.jpg,DUR-41AE2E,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DUR41AE2E_smaller.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1007569.jpg
889273,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"
A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy sword. The piece has a straight, well-patinated cut at both the top and bottom ends, and a broadly lozenge-shaped cross section. The sides are parallel and slightly convex.
",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No: P647,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2017,8.06,,,5.72,30.46,1,David Williams,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP3116,From a paper map,51.84174835,-1.55143938,BERK-5993E7,,P647.jpg,Bronze Age sword (fragment),The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/P647.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1026376.jpg
889284,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"A fragment of a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper alloy axe, consisting of part of the blade and edge. c. 1200-800 BC. No photograph.",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No: P649B,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2017,1.46,,,3.37,16.76,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP3015,From a paper map,51.83281208,-1.56604031,BERK-59F273,,,,,,,
889537,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"
A copper-alloy butt of a palstave axe, dating to the Middle Bronze Age. From the break, at the base, the rectangular cross section tapers towards the wedge-shaped top. The surface of each of the side edges is decorated by a right-angled ridge.
",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No: P675,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2017,24.78,,,,23.11,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP2914,From a paper map,51.82387398,-1.58063547,BERK-6FE378,,P675.jpg,Bronze Age palstave (fragment),The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/P675.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1026362.jpg
889706,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-801,"An incomplete Bronze age palstave axe head,  c.1200-801 BC. No further details recorded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,153,28.81,,19.01,66.67,1,Edwin Wood,Edwin Wood,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Woodmancote,TQ2315,GPS (from the finder),50.92135809,-0.25142785,SUSS-ABE138,,,,,,,
890337,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy palstave axe, dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The fragment is the butt end of the palstave, with the raised flanges of the edges of the axe retained.",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No: P725,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2017,30.71,,,11.16,30.45,1,David Williams,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP3014,From a paper map,51.82382138,-1.56612665,BERK-C4E865,,725composite.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/725composite.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1002684.jpg
890415,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"A possible Bronze Age or Iron Age copper alloy bead, which has suffered corrosion. It is sub-lozenge-shaped in cross section. Has an internal measurement of 9mm.",Oxfordshire & West Berkshire PAS Record Sheet No: P739,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2017,,,17.7,5.2,,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP2914,From a paper map,51.82387398,-1.58063547,BERK-D56CDF,,P739.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/P739.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1026330.jpg
890785,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"An incomplete copper alloy palstave fragment of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1500-1200 BC). The fragment is approximately triangular in profile and rectangular in section. The blade end survives intact but has corroded surfaces with some encrustation and a  mid-brown to green patina. The sides of the palstave taper inwards from the ends of the blade, before terminating in an old break. This fragment is probably from a palstave, although it could potentially be from the tip of a socketed axe head or a small chisel. 



Similar examples recorded on the PAS database include: SF-AE99A4 and PUBLIC-0A5278.



The overall dimensions are as follows: 40.81mm in length, 29.77mm in width, 5.08mm in thickness and 29.33g in weight.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.33,,,5.08,40.81,1,Susheela Burford (LIN),Susheela Burford (LIN),,North East Lincolnshire,North East Lincolnshire,Wold Newton,TF2496,GPS (from the finder),53.44618518,-0.13441998,LIN-FED751,,LINFED751.jpg,A Middle Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/susheelacb/LINFED751.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1006784.jpg
890835,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"
Copper alloy probably Bronze Age awl/point that is a long thin rod with a sub-circular cross section. The forward half of the rod tapers to a fine off centre point; the rear portion of the rod is marked by a slight step at about the central point that leads to a narrow shaft that would form the tang of the artefact. The narrowed tang is truncated just after the step, the surface of the snap is uneven suggesting it was snapped.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-01T00:00:00Z,2017-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,1.72,,2.7,,42,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,South Gloucestershire,South Gloucestershire,Sodbury,ST7581,From finder,51.52735276,-2.36176321,GLO-00C512,,GLO00C512.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO00C512.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1033388.jpg
890889,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,-800,"Copper alloy Bronze Age knife fragment from a tanged knife consisting of the top of the tang and lower portion of the blade. The tang is a narrow rectangular tab 2mm thick and 11.5mm wide, the terminal of which is now truncated, one side of the tang has a small semi-circular notch where a rivet would have secured the handle, the other side has been damaged by corrosion which has removed any detail. The blade has a low flat central spine that runs down from the tang on both faces of the knife, this is flanked by double bevelled sides that create a narrow edge. The forward portion of the knife is truncated.



A number of similar objects are recorded on the PAS database as DOR-FAC625, WILT-83A428, SF-4CB1D2, and BERK-AB297D- the first two demonstrating a rivet hole in the tang, and the last two with notched sides for attachment.



Dot Boughton comments in reference to the DOR record cited above that; 'Burgess and Gerloff include a blade of similar shape and size in their Group II (Damaged Blades Modified for Rehafting), p. 36ff. Its their no. 248 from Marston Trussel, Northamptonshire which is c. 12.6cm long and 2.1cm wide. It is described as ""Tanged blade, either a knife made in this form or possibly a dirk with butt cut down for rehafting, in which case the torn rivet hole would have been secondary; rather won brown green surfaces with some patches of bright green corrosion; edges worn and chipped."" Plate 32, no 248.'",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-01T00:00:00Z,2017-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,6.33,,,3,47,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,South Gloucestershire,South Gloucestershire,Sodbury,ST7581,From finder,51.52735276,-2.36176321,GLO-02C5E4,,GLO02C5E4.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO02C5E4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1033626.jpg
890997,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"An incomplete developed flat axe with hammer raised flanges, of later Early Bronze Age dating (about 2000 BC to 1700 BC).



The axehead is broadly rectangular, with an incomplete expanded crescent shaped blade. The butt is narrow and incomplete and measures 21.8mm in width and is 3.8mm thick. In profile the axe is a sub pointed oval with both terminals tapering. In section the axe is slightly H-shaped as the side edges of the axe have been worked to form a slight raised collar rather than having cast flanges. The flanges extend 1.0 mm above the body of the axe head. The expanded blade measures 39.6mm in width and is 2.5 mm thick at the break.



The axehead measures 85.4mm in length, has a maximum width of 39.6mm (blade), a minimum width 21.8mm (butt), and has a width of 28.3mm in the centre. It is 10.8mm thick at the central point. It weighs 118.1g



The axehead is green, with a corroded and pitted surface.



This axehead is similar to those WMID-F20D62 and is consistent with that of the Arreton type axe, of Early Bronze Age III dating, metalworking stage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL BC.



The finder has had element analysis done on the axe. The results are Cu 38.79%, Sn 35.06%, Si 15.93%, Al 4.86%, Fe 3.87%, P 1.21% Zn 0.18% and Pb 0.101%.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-08-31T23:00:00Z,2017-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,118.1,,,10.8,85.4,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Selby,SE5933,Generated from computer mapping software,53.78998089,-1.10591573,SWYOR-3DAD49,,SWYOR3DAD49BronzeAgeAxe.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR3DAD49BronzeAgeAxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1004133.jpg
891354,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave chisel or slender palstave in quite fresh condition but with extensive recent scuffing including on the cutting edge. Surfaces are ferrous stained. A casting seam runs down both sides from the butt end onto the start of the blade. The latter expands very slightly before flaring out to the cutting edge, one end of which has been lost to a recent break. Weight 114.38g. Length 129.5mm. Extant width 27.2mm (estimated width at cutting edge 29mm). Thickness 17.7mm. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-01-01T00:00:00Z,2018-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,114.38,,,17.7,129.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Fransham,TF8913,From finder,52.68171874,0.79451423,NMS-56CD12,,20799_56CD12_MBA_Palstave_Ill.jpg,Bronze Age chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/20799_56CD12_MBA_Palstave_Ill.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1030192.jpg
891377,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Probably a fragment of a cast copper alloy (bronze) socketed axe. The fragment appears to consist of a portion of the cutting edge and lower blade of a late Bronze Age axe (1100 - 800 BC). The axe fragment is sub-rectangular in plan with a curved (convex) cutting edge. The sides, adjacent to the cutting edge, taper inwards towards the break. In profile the fragment is sub-triangular (wedge shaped). The patina is green. The length is 19mm, the width is 19mm and the weight 8.27g.



There are other examples on the database that have been discovered in Kingstone, Herefordshire (HESH-5AE5C8) and at Wixford, Warwickshire (WAW-2FC2AE).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-20T00:00:00Z,2018-02-20T00:00:00Z,,,8.27,,,,19,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Broughton,SD9451,From finder,53.95505688,-2.09292042,LANCUM-5743B9,,LANCUM5743B9.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM5743B9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1003918.jpg
891395,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2400,410,"A copper-alloy bead of uncertain date, although possibly dating from Bronze Age to Roman date (c. 2400 BC-c. AD 410). The bead is circular in plan and has a central sub-circular perforation. The outer surface of the bead is irregular due to corrosion. It measures 15mm in diameter and 8mm in thickness.



Similar beads are recorded on the PAS database with a variety of date ranges suggested, cf. LEIC-3641F5, SOM-DA2D9C, IOW-04D9D1.The patina of this object might suggest a Bronze Age date, however other comparisons date to the Roman and Iron Age period.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,15,8,,1,Philippa Walton,Philippa Walton,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Weston,TL2730,From finder,51.95399647,-0.15333146,BH-578953,,BH578953.jpg,Bronze Age bead (possibly),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH578953.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1005376.jpg
891913,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of a middle to late Bronze Age spearhead, dating to the period c.1550-800 BC. The fragment comprises a section of the upper part of the spearhead. It is trapezoidal in plan, the blade narrowing sharply towards the tip. A high rounded rib runs longitudinally down the centre of both sides. Each terminal ends in a worn break, and exhibits a lozengiform cross section with a pronounced buldge at the rib. At the lower terminal the cross section reveals the end section of the socket within the rib. A green patina is on the surface. The fragment has lost most of its diagnostic features and is therefore difficult to classify further, beyond a broad range of possible comparisons within Davis Groups 6-11.



The fragment measures 45.03mm in length, 27.99mm in width at its widest, 16.66mm in width at its narrowest, 11.23mm in thickness at the mid rib, and weighs 22.75g.



Cf. SWYOR-1F74C1 and SF-C557DC, which states that a high mid rib is more common on Middle Bronze Age spearheads.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,22.75,,,11.23,45.03,1,Denise Wilding,Denise Wilding,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Yapham,SE7950,From a paper map,53.94009431,-0.79802777,YORYM-9690AD,,CWC0107.jpg,Bronze age spear,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/denisewilding/CWC0107.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1004435.jpg
892106,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy flanged chisel of Middle Bronze Age date.



Description: It has a long rectangular blade original tapering to a curved splayed cutting edge. The blade however is broken bfore this point and is very worn. The butt end is flat and rectangular in form with prominent flanges to either side and transverse stop ridges on both front and back faces. Although this butt end is snapped a short way along the flanges and remains roughly jagged. Beneath the stop ridges the front and back faces have moulded shield-shaped decorative elements shown in counter-relief. No clear casting seam is visible down either side although this maybe due to the haeavy verdi gris corrosion. The one part of the edge visible appears to indicate some level of finishing. The surface of the chisel is heavily pitted in across much of its surface with a heavily verdigris presence. There is also substantial ware and the breaks are ragged.



Measurements: 114.63mm long, 20.72mm wide at the stop ridge, 15.22mm thick (at the flanges, 5.43mm thick at thinnest) and 115.55g in weight.



Discussion: This is a flanged chisel of Middle Bronze Age date. Similar examples are noted by Rowlands (1976: pp. 44-45, form iii, pl. 34 no. 1132), who notes that flanged chisels with shield shaped mouldings have a typological relationship with flanged axes and palstaves and are particularly concentrated in East Anglia ( a number of recent discovereies of palstaves with shield shaped mouldings in Kent may indicate a SW North-Sea zone for these types), as well as northern France. This dates the chisel to the Middle Bronze Age, c.1500-1150 BC. A more complete example from suffolk can be seen at SF-09D1D5.



Peter Reavill, FLO for Shropshire and Herefordshire comments further that ""this form of relative rare flanged (palstave-like) chisel are most probably aligned with the middle phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA II) c. 1500-1300 BC. The overall form of these chisels is very similar to the early palstaves albeit being much more slender. If this arguement is taken then they are probably contemporary to the primary phase palstaves, Group I which has a shield shaped or trident decoration directly below the fused stop ridge on the upper part of the blade. Theses palstave axe fits best with the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both assemblages fit within Burgess's Metal Working Stage VIII and IX. Although the construction / casting date fits within this period - it is highly probable that such specific and useful tools had a long life and so their deposition could potentially be many generations after casting (i.e. deposited in the period 1000-800 BC)"".",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,115.55,,,15.22,114.63,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Littlebourne,TR2058,GPS (from the finder),51.27864492,1.15305937,KENT-D5F626,,KENTD5F626.jpg,bronze age flanged chisel,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTD5F626.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1004628.jpg
892326,Palstave,Bronze Age,Neolithic,BRONZE AGE,1500,1150,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unlooped palstave dating to the period c. 1500 - 1150 BC. 



It has an expanded lenticular profile with faint traces of filed down longitudinal casting seams. The butt is slightly concave, possibly as a result of post-depositional damage. It exhibits a rectangular septum and straight-sided open flanges for hafting. The transverse stop ridge expands on both faces and forms the widest point of the palstave. Below, on both faces is a vertical rib which extends to the central point of the upper cutting edge. The blade has expanding sides and a convex cutting edge, now heavily worn. 



The palstave has a mottled dark grey patina largely obscured by green corrosion product and pitting. 



Early Midribbed Palstaves belongs to the Acton Park Phase II of the Middle Bronze Age, corresponding to the earlier part of Needham's (1996) Period 5, dated to 1500 - 1150BC. This example is similar to Group II - Early Midribbed Type Chepstow; similar to an example from Kilnoterie, Scotland (p127 cat no 794 plate 58, No. 789).



See: Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-08-18T23:00:00Z,2017-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,28,143,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Cawston,TG1424,Centred on field,52.77116531,1.17093051,NMS-E816B7,,33096_E816B7_MBA_Axehead.jpg,Middle Bronze Age unlooped palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/33096_E816B7_MBA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1115459.jpg
892438,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"Copper alloy socketed spearhead fragment that dates to the middle Bronze Age. The socket of the spearhead has a diameter of 17mm and an aperture of 12.5mm. From the base, the stem of the socket gently narrows to a 12mm diameter, at this point the stem connects with the head of the spear. Unfortunately the head is truncated resulting in only the vary base of the blades surviving, but enough survives to suggest the head would have been leaf-shaped. Halfway down the socket, on both sides, is a shallow convex projecting loop that has a very narrow rectangular aperture (currently infilled with corrosion and soil).



This artefact dates to 1500-1150BC, see WAW-DC8222 for further discussion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-01T00:00:00Z,2017-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,37.64,,17,,72,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,,,,,,,,,GLO-EA7229,,GLOEA7229.jpg,GLO-EA7229 Bronze age Spearhead,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOEA7229.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1004871.jpg
892464,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy looped palstave, only the stumps of the loop surviving. Surfaces are pockmarked and some patches are iron stained. Small parts of the flanges and the butt end are missing. Extant length 130mm. Width 55mm. Thickness 31.5mm. Weight 328g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-01-01T00:00:00Z,2018-02-07T00:00:00Z,,,328,,,31.5,130,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Blofield,TG3410,,52.637254,1.45689711,NMS-EABD84,,62565_EABD84_MBA_Palstave.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/62565_EABD84_MBA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1110565.jpg
892473,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,1150,"Incomplete Middle - Late Bronze Age socketed basal looped spearhead of Greenwell and Brewis' Class IV dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1150.



Heavily abraded and broken into two pieces, the larger is triangular with a broadly leaf or flame-shaped blade and a tapering central socketed mid-rib. The tip of the blade and the sides are heavily abraded, however, traces of the bevelled cutting edge remain. It exhibits a jagged break across the top of the socket. Conjoined at the base of the blade are two irregular off set oval shaped loops. The smaller fragment re-joins across the line of one of the loops. The break points, though re-joining are heavily abraded.



Similar to HESH-739CE4, the record for which states:



""Similar basal-looped spearheads have been classified by Richard Davis (2006) and dated to the Middle Bronze Age. Davis has sub-classified these into classes / Types. Due to the nature of this fragment it is difficult to define as this is based solely on blade shape. The findspot of this spearhead fits outside (although near the very edge) of Davis' Severn Estuary distribution pattern (33-34). He dates these by association and limited radiocarbon dates to the final phases of Acton Park (2), and Taunton (Cemmaes) metalworking traditions (pp 49-50). These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC) and make them contemporary with the more common side (string looped) spearheads Ehrenburg's Class IV.""



Length of main fragment: 100.5mm, maximum width: 43.5mm, minimum width: 3.4mm, surviving diameter of socket: 18.2mm, internal diameter:15mm, weight: 76.1g.



Length of secondary fragment: 34mm, width: 15mm, thickness: 11.55mm, weight: 6.6g.",Field ref: CAW17,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-08-18T23:00:00Z,2017-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,82.7,,,18.2,110.5,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Haveringland,TG1620,Centred on field,52.73446776,1.19789616,NMS-EAE5AA,,25308_EAE5AA_LBA_Spearhead.jpg,Incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age socketed basal looped spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/25308_EAE5AA_LBA_Spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1115457.jpg
892655,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"Copper-alloy fragment from a Bronze Age axehead (c. 2350 - 801 BC). The fragment is from the corner of the socket of an axehead and has a thick rounded rim along the top edge. The fragment is light green in colour. Unfortunately, not enough remains to be able to assign this axehead to a type or closer date range. The fragment is 19.18mm in length, 14.50mm in width and 5.99mm in thickness. It weighs 6.61g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.61,,,5.99,19.18,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Cottam,SE9766,Centred on field,54.08079308,-0.5188166,YORYM-FE43B3,,Dh0141.jpg,Bronze Age : axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/liddyprosser/Dh0141.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1007341.jpg
892661,Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"Three lumps of copper-alloy casting waste found in same area as two Bronze Age hoards and therefore possibly associated (YORYM-D2333A and YORYM-D028FE). Largest is 57.37mm in length, 44.33mm in width and weighs 31.14. Smallest is 24.99mm in length, 20.12mm in width and weighs 183g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,183,,,,57.37,3,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Cottam,SE9666,GPS (from the finder),54.08098022,-0.53409637,YORYM-FE6C13,,DH0146.jpg,Bronze Age : waste,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/liddyprosser/DH0146.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1007342.jpg
892715,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1250,"A complete copper-alloy early phase palstave dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500-1300 BC): The blade of the palstave is sub-trapezoidal in plan with slightly concave sides, flared blade tips, and no side loop. The cutting edge is slightly abraded on one edge although this appears to cut through the patina suggesting post-depositional damage. The sides of the blade are concave in plan, and this curvature stops at the junction of the blade and flange side. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The stop ridge has a small hole before it on one side, a probable casting flaw. There is a slight midrib down the centre of the blade on either side.



This palstave is particualrly similar to examples illustrated by Rowlands (1976: plate 29) all categoristed as his type 2 (side flanged) form dating to c. 1400-1150 cal BC. There are also good parallels illustrated by Schmidt and Burgess (1981: plate 58) which correspond to their Group 2 (early Mid ribbed). They suggest this form is one of the earlier tpyes dating to the Acton Park to Taunton Phase of the bronze Age c.1500-1250 cal BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-07-01T23:00:00Z,,,,509,,,27.5,170.3,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Stanton St. John,SP5909,From finder,51.77656771,-1.14624584,BERK-FFF2B5,,2018136.jpg,Bronze Age palstave: Palstave axe,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2018136.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1006882.jpg
892882,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Early - Middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged axehead of Needham's (1983) Type 5a dating to the period c. 1700 - 1500 BC. It exhibits a narrow butt (23mm in width, 3mm in thickness). The body is slender and expands along its length to a width of 51.8mm. The sides exhibit high, inward-curved flanges forming a lenticular profile (maximum thickness 20.5mm, tapering to 12.5mm at the top of the blade). Most of the surface is now heavily corroded and pitted, however, one flage retains traces of decoration in the form of a series of punched chevrons. It is probable that this decoration originally covered the extent of both flanges.



The blade expands obliquely from either side of the axehead at the point the flanges terminate, forming a crescentic cuttring edge (width: 97.5mm). This has been somewhat aberaded and is now obscured somewhat by corrosion product.



It has a curved bevel or ridge about halfway down the septum (c.52mm from the butt), which is marginally lower than the flanges, but indicates the beginnings of stop ridge technology as is seen on later flanged axes and palstaves. This is clearer on the better preserved face of the axehead. A second curved ridge has been hammered into both faces at the blade expansion.



See: Needham, S.P., 1983 The Early Bronze Age Axeheads Of Central and Southern England Cardiff : Unpublished Phd Thesis",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-04T00:00:00Z,2018-02-04T00:00:00Z,,,471,,,20.5,139,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Hanworth,TG2135,From finder,52.86707083,1.28195351,NMS-12CB29,,59748_12CB29_BA_Axehead.JPG,Early Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jshoemark5/59748_12CB29_BA_Axehead.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1039690.jpg
892940,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"Fragment of leaded bronze middle Bronze Age rapier. No original edges remain but there is a pronounced mid-rib along the full length, bar a short section towards the hilt where it feathers out. One fracture edge at the upper hilt end shows the half-round remains of a rivet hole, with a possible second on the adjacent edge. Mid green Patina. Extant length 70mm, width 20mm, thickness 4mm at mid-rib, weight 18g. Circa 1400 BC-1250 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-10-09T23:00:00Z,2017-10-09T23:00:00Z,,,18,,,4,70,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Haveringland,TG1620,From finder,52.73446776,1.19789616,NMS-148F35,,25308_148F35_BA_Rapier.jpg,Fragment of Middle Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/25308_148F35_BA_Rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1115456.jpg
893226,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-750,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed looped axehead fragment. Only the bottom part with the cutting edge remains. The fragment has no discernible decoration. Ewart Park phase attribution, probably a South Eastern type. Dates to between c900 to c750 BC.



The length is 35mm, width 35mm, thickness 13mm, and the weight 44.56g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-09T00:00:00Z,2018-03-09T00:00:00Z,,,44.56,,,13,35,1,Alex Whitlock,Alex Whitlock,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Londonthorpe and Harrowby Without,SK9536,From finder,52.91303653,-0.58870687,LANCUM-317235,,LANCUM317235.jpg,Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/AlexIdris/LANCUM317235.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1009651.jpg
893324,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"A complete copper-alloy annular bracelet/arm-ring probably of Bronze Age date 1400 - 1300 BC. The Liss-type bracelet is solid and oval in section and in good condition with brown patina. The body is decorated with incised or engraved panels which are relatively deep and have been applied with some degree of care. The complex decoration comprises of panels of lines or rows of stacked chevrons creating a herringbone pattern separated by 'dividing' sections of 10 or more lines of vertical bands (to the circumference of the bracelet-arming). The three central panels are comprised of 8 or 9 horizontal bands that widen to create an oval, the centre of which are decorated with 6 vertical bands.



As an oval, the external diameter is 95.5mm by 83.7mm with an internal diameter of 66.8mm by 52.1mm and a width of 12.9 mm. A comparison on the database is: SUR-590F5D no.1","Similar plain and incised (Liss-type) bracelets in copper alloy are not common finds. They are known from the Taunton phase (1,400 -1,200 BC) of the Bronze Age onwards, mainly from Southern Britain. These bracelets concentrate in the southern counties of Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset and West Sussex and examples are also known from Suffolk and Norfolk. Incised decorated bracelets form part of a North European tradition, which has led to the suggestion that the examples from southern England may be imported from northern France, although this theory has been questioned (O'Connor 1980). While some of the known bracelets come from hoards containing items such as torcs, pins, axes, palstaves and other mid-Bronze Age artefacts, no other objects were found in association with this example. See Recent Metalwork Discoveries in Hampshire for a comprehensive report, published by Sally Worrell in Hampshire Studies (2002, no.1). They are comparatively rarer than tools and weapons. Similar examples were found in the Ebbesbourne Wake hoard (Moore and Rowlands 1972:63-5, Plate XV) and a hoard from Norton Fitzwarren (Needham in Ellis 1989:31-31, 36).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,346.5,83.7,,12.9,,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Merton,SP5719,From finder,51.8666749,-1.17358811,BERK-7B524E,,BAbracelet.jpg,BA Bracelet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BAbracelet.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1006991.jpg
893369,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave, probably dating to c. 1500-1100 BC. The surviving fragment comprises of the upper portion of the blade, truncated below the stop ridge at the butt end and with the cutting edge also lost. Both breaks are worn and patinated. The fragment is sub-trapezoidal in plan, slightly flaring towards the cutting edge, and sub-triangular in cross section, measuring 21.5mm wide by 15.5mm thick at the butt end, and 37.3mm wide by 7.4mm thick at the cutting edge-end. The fragment is 47.3mm in length. There is the suggestion of a mid-rib on one face of the blade, but this is tentative due to abrasion.



Overall dimensions: length 47.3mm; width 37.3mm; thickness 15.5mm; weight 105.4g.



The fragment is too incomplete to be assigned to a typological group, and a broad middle Bronze Age date is suggested.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,105.4,,,15.5,47.3,1,Leah Moradi,Leah Moradi,South West,Devon,Exeter,Duryard,SX9195,GPS (from the finder),50.74434247,-3.54626209,DEV-7C73DE,,DEV7C73DE.JPG,Bronze Age palstave fragment,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridgedev/DEV7C73DE.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1005685.jpg
893594,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2500,410,"An incomplete cast copper alloy artefact, probably a bracelet or small arm ring, date uncertain.



Sub-circular in plan, the frame is a shallow D shape and tapers towards old breaks at both ends. One end has been bent inwards from an incomplete break at 23mm from the end. Both surfaces appear to be undecorated but there is good evidence of bronze gilding amongst the green-brown surface patination. The bracelet is 69.7mm at its widest and weighs 61.8g. The frame is 15.47mm at its widest, tapering to 8.89mm and 8.98mm at the breaks.



With no diagnostic style of terminals to assist in dating, only a broad range of Bronze Age to Roman can be ascribed, although it could equally of later date.



Similar examples can be found at LEIC-41C73D, BH-D11A31 and NARC-1C0E84.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-05T00:00:00Z,,,,61.8,,69.77,5.3,,1,Ann Lipscombe,Ann Lipscombe,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,High Worsall,NZ0703,From finder,54.42238949,-1.89362624,DUR-916168,,DUR916168.jpg,DUR-916168,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DUR916168.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1018966.jpg
894256,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An incomplete Bronze Age socketed axehead, probably dating to c. 1100-800 BC. The surviving fragment comprises only of the blade-end, only surviving between the cutting edge and the end of the internal socket. The fragment is rectangular in plan and sub-triangular when viewed in profile. The sides of the axe are broadly parallel, tapering very slightly from the cutting edge, although without flaring blade tips. The cutting edge is slightly convex. Either lateral face of the axe has a pronounced, longitudinal casting seem, creating an elongated sub-hexagonal cross section. The socket is an elongated, sub-oval in cross section and either broad face is plain.



Dimensions: length 45.3mm; width 38.9mm; thickness 13.6mm; weight 82.45g.



Although too fragmentary for a certain attribution, the fragment probably belongs to the Ewart park or Wilburton metal working groups, giving it a date of 1100-800 BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981: 119), a similar fragment of very similar form, also from the South Hams, has previously been recorded on this database: DEV-C9D5FD.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,82.45,,,13.6,45.3,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Devon,South Hams,Charleton,SX7542,Generated from computer mapping software,50.26471213,-3.75517237,DEV-FAC9D2,,DEVFAC9D2.JPG,Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridgedev/DEVFAC9D2.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1016842.jpg
895145,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1500,"A cast copper-alloy flat axehead of the Early Bronze Age, dating to the period of 2200-1500 BC. It measures 78.36mm in length and 48.24mm in width. It is 10.21mm thick and weighs 159.11g. The axehead is broadly trapezoidal in shape. Its thickest point is in the middle, from where it tapers to the sides. The blade gradually widens towards the cutting edge edge. Both ends curve outwards slightly.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,159.11,,,10.21,78.36,1,Nina Dierks,Nina Dierks,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Stinsford,SY7193,From finder,50.73588261,-2.4123093,WILT-5213F9,,WILT5213F9.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT5213F9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1007461.jpg
895169,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2150,410,"Miniature axe or axe-chisel of Bronze age to Roman date (2150 BC- 410 AD). The object is similar to solid flat axes with a tapering blade, resembling a miniature version of the earliest and simplest solid cast copper alloy axe-heads. The sides are slightly curved and the blades tappers to a rounded edge. The object is broken along the wider edge.



The object has a heavily pitted light green patina.



The broad date range has been given due to the form of the object most closely resembling early Bronze age axe heads, however there are numerous examples of Roman votive deposition of such minature axe heads.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-30T23:00:00Z,2016-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,19.9,,,6.41,33.6,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Patching,TQ0907,From finder,50.852257,-0.45290954,SUSS-63EAE7,,AxeSUSS63EAE7.jpg,Miniature axe or axe-chisel of Bronze age to Roman date (2150 BC- 410 AD),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/EdwinWood/AxeSUSS63EAE7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1008565.jpg
895338,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1250,400,"Bronze Age to Post Medieval (c. 1250 BC to 4th century) awl: The awl has a tang which is rectangular in section and tapers to a blunt edge. The tang is over half of the awl. The other half is square in section, tapering to a blunt, rounded point. The surface has traces of a mottled light grey-green patina.



It measures 51.61mm long, 5.98mm wide, 5.52mm thick and weighs 6.2g.



Awls can date from the Bronze Age, c. 1250 BC but as the design of awls has changed very little, it could also be much more recent. The patina perhaps suggests a Roman date, but this is not certain.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-07-31T23:00:00Z,2017-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,6.2,,,5.52,51.61,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,West Hendred,SU4485,From finder,51.56216935,-1.36665665,WAW-93F78D,,WAW93F78D.jpg,Bronze Age to Post Medieval awl (plan and profile).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW93F78D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1007207.jpg
895552,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Haft-end fragment of late Bronze Age socketed Axehead. Full width mouth fragment comprising nearly half of the circumference. Single mouth moulding. Insufficient survives for further classification. Circa 1000-800 BC. Dimensions; 32mm at widest point, 27mm long overall.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-25T00:00:00Z,2018-03-25T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,27,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Bradenham,TF9107,,52.62714535,0.82059052,NMS-AA275B,,LBAaxefragment.jpg,Fragment of late Bronze Age socketed Axe,Garry Crace,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/LBAaxefragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1007397.jpg
895607,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Probably Bronze Age (-1000 to -800) blade fragment: The cast copper alloy blade fragment is an elongated lozenge in cross-section with a convex surfaces. The breaks across the blade are old and rounded. The edges of the blade are slightly faceted.



The surface of the blade has an incomplete mottled dark green and brown patina which is then heavily abraded.



It measures 22.89mm long, 23.63mm wide, 7.74mm thick. It weighs 14.74 grams.



It is probably a fragment from a sword or rapier of the Late Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-08-05T23:00:00Z,2017-08-05T23:00:00Z,,,14.74,,,7.74,22.89,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,West Hendred,SU4485,From finder,51.56216935,-1.36665665,WAW-B7224A,,WAWB7224A.jpg,Bronze Age sword or rapier blade fragment (plan and profile).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWB7224A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1007456.jpg
896436,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A copper alloy lower blade fragment from a palstave dating to the Middle Bronze Age, circa 1500-1300 BC. 



The shape of the fragment is sub-triangular in plan and triangular in profile; the cross section at the break is sub-rectangular in form. The blade is broken below the stop ridge, due to this it is uncertain whether this fragment is from a looped - or unlooped palstave variant. The sides of the palstave gently taper from the break to the blade where the tips of the blade protrude markedly. The cutting edge is crescentic and relatively well defined, however it is very worn and the cutting edge is now abraded. Both faces of the axe have single central swollen ribs that extend to above the blade. 



The palstave fragment has a mid-green coloured slightly abraded patina. 



Burgess and Schmidt (1981) illustrate a number of similar palstaves in their catalogue. The closest parallels can be seen in the classification Primary shield Pattern Palstaves most probably associated with the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5). The palstave is an early example and is classified as a Group II type which has a mid rib decoration. These group of palstaves date to the Middle Bronze Age period, and can be narrowed down to 1500-1300 BC. There are parallels recorded on the PAS database; for example (WAW-3A6465) was discovered in the Malvern Hills area of Worcestershire. 



The palstave fragment measures 64.1 mm length, is 60.4 mm wide at the blade, 14.9 mm thick at the broken edge. It weighs 146.7 grams.



Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., (1981) The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 58-59",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,146.7,,,14.9,64.1,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,North Kilworth,SP6183,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),52.4415725,-1.10402944,WMID-6279E4,,WMID6279E4.jpg,"Bronze Age Palstave fragment (front, profile, back, plan view, blade view)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMID6279E4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1008307.jpg
896628,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A Late Bronze Age copper-alloy awl with a smooth and shiny patina.One half of the tool is square in cross section, measuring 45.26mm in length and tapers to a flattened end; the other half is circular in section, measures 46.60mm in length and tapers to a point.","
This find was recorded at a rally and therefore the identification and photograph may not be of our usual standard.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-09-17T23:00:00Z,2015-09-19T23:00:00Z,,Danebury Midweek Searchers Rally 18-20 Sept 2015,13.81,,,5.22,91.86,1,Arwen Wood,Margaret Broomfield,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Longstock,SU3337,Recorded at a rally,51.13133113,-1.52976973,HAMP-A38F8B,,HAMPA38F8B.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jhadleyhughes17/HAMPA38F8B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1092995.jpg
896747,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe dating to perhaps c. BC 1000 - 800. It consists of the side loop, a small section of the axe itself and a short section of the collar of the socket. A casting ridge is visible over the collar and along the length of the loop.



It is 33.22mm in length (from the top of the collar to the lower end of the loop, at which point the rest of the axe has broken away) and 26.58mm in width (two broken edges either side of the loop).The loop itself is 18.82mm in length, 6.55mm in width, with an oval opening (6.36mm x 4.04mm). It weighs 20.97g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.97,,,,33.22,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Downton,SU1421,,50.98823358,-1.80191336,WILT-B796A2,,WILTB796A2.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hannahgrigson/WILTB796A2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1014200.jpg
897365,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"A fragment of a small cast copper alloy socketed spearhead, probably of the side looped type and dating to the early Middle Bronze Age, c.1600-1400BC. Side-looped spearheads are Class IV and date from the early Middle Bronze Age. They are likely to belong to the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalwork assemblages, corresponding to Needham's (1997) Period 5 (1500-1150 BC).



Although the size of this object suggests a votive use this is not the case. Other examples of small spearheads are known including GLO-F69302, LANCUM-B72611, LANCUM-0433B7 and SWYOR-3D024E on this database.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-04T00:00:00Z,,,,9.5,,,8.9,34.5,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Northmoor,SP4101,From finder,51.70624727,-1.40806287,BERK-06AB93,,2018191.jpg,Bronze Age spear: MBA spear fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2018191.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1009079.jpg
897459,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze age copper alloy socketed axehead, dating from 1000 - 800 BC. The fragment consists of the tip of the axehead, and is trapezoid in shape. In cross section across the side of the axehead it is triangular in shape, narrowing towards the tip of the blade. Across the body of the axehead it is rectangular in cross section, and hollow up to where the blade starts to narrow. The edge is worn and broken, and has a large crack on one edge where more of the body is missing. Along the blade edge it is worn, and one of the corners is missing. The surface of the axehead is worn and pitted. It has a dark green patina, and there are projections of light green corrosion on one side. The fragment measures 32.4mm in length, 40.4mm in width, 11.6mm in maximum thickness, and weighs 45.22g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-10-07T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers Bucks Oct 2017 American Tour 2,45.22,,,11.6,32.4,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Thornton,SP7435,GPS (from the finder),52.00850986,-0.9232998,BUC-0BE9D4,,BUC0BE9D4.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC0BE9D4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1016109.jpg
897503,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete and slightly worn cast copper-alloy socketed axehead of Late Bronze Age date (c. 1000 - c.800 BC).



Description: The object has a narrow sub-rectangular body, slightly narrower in the middle flaring towards the blade end and slightly towards the haft end. In plan the blade is wide and flaring creating a crescentric cutting edge. What is left of the socket is socket is sub-rectangular in cross section. The socket of the axe is sub-rectangular with patinated breaks around all the sides which have removed the original end of the socket and no evidence of the original probable collar remain.The two long sides of the axe are plain and expand towards the blade end and are very slightly concave along the blade end. The casting seams on the sides of the axehead have been worked down either through hammering or filing/polishing. The blade edge has some wear but remains in good conditions. One of the wide faces has a slight decorative elongated 'H' shaped depression in it. The socketed axe head is a mid matt greenish brown colour with an even, well formed patina which covers most surfaces. There are several areas where corrosion has begun to effect the axehead.



Measurements: 66.96mm long, 51.36mm wide (27.35mm wide at the butt end), 25.66mm thick and 130.91g in weight.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,130.91,,,25.66,66.96,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Ashford,Smeeth,TR0739,GPS (from the finder),51.11289473,0.95598952,KENT-0DD8D3,,KENT0DD8D3.jpg,socketted axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT0DD8D3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1009159.jpg
897719,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A Middle Bronze Age ornament hoard, consisting of two Liss arm rings (one in three pieces), an unlooped palstave axe, a quoit-headed pin (in three pieces), a knife/ razor fragment and a fragment of spear tip. The two smaller fragments of arm ring were found c. 3 foot from the rest of the hoard, which was in situ; the two fragments have presumably been moved by the plough.



1) Complete Liss type arm-ring, measuring 83.7mm in diameter (internal diameter 62.1mm), 12.2mm in height and weighing 174g (to the nearest 2g). It is sub-circular/ oval in cross-section (having a width of c.11mm) with an undecorated inside surface. This edge retains much of the original patina which has a high shine, is dark green in colour and very smooth. Much of the rest of the surface is pitter with areas (of varying sizes) of much lighter green corrosion.

The top, bottom and outside surface of the ring has incised linear decoration. Along the top and bottom is a concentric ring of 'herringbone' decoration, comprising integrally stacked chevrons or V-shapes. These chevrons face in an opposite direction along the top to the bottom. The outside surface decoration can be divided into two sections, each occupying half of the arm-ring.

One section can be separated into three areas of decoration, transverse (and ever-so-slightly diagonal) linear incised lines at either end with a middle section of three-and-a half longitudinal lines of herringbone (incised chevron) decoration, the half line being a line of half-chevrons. The two end sections of transverse incised lines are each divided into four sections of roughly equal size (comprising c.10 transverse lines each, but ranging between 8 and 11 lines in some sections). The central divider is a pair of incised herringbone lines, pointing in the same direction (either outwards or inwards) on each face. The remaining two dividers are of 'ladder' decoration, a vertical section with short transverse lines between.

The second section extends from the transverse linear decoration (mentioned above) in the form of a group of larger and closely integrally-stacked chevrons, twenty one side and eighteen on the other. Between is a short zig-zag of four diagonal groups of incised lines in opposing directions (between 12 and 16 lines in each group).



2) Complete Liss type arm-ring, in three pieces. It measures 84.8mm in diameter (internal diameter 63.0mm), 12.1mm in height and weighs 182.81g. It is oval in cross-section (with a width of 10.9mm) and like no.1 is not decorated on the inside surface. This retains a dark brown, high-shine, smooth patina but has many small patches of active corrosion. Likewise the rest of the surface and the broken ends of the object have a large amount of light green corrosion. The decoration appears to take identical form to 1), each half being treated in the same way with similar numbers of incised lines. The three-and-a-half lines of additional herringbone and the ladder decoration also appear in the same places; there is no decorative difference. The surface is however rather obscured by the extensive corrosion.



3) Incomplete quoit-headed pin, in three pieces, including most of the ring-shaped head and two sections of the shank; it is not clear whether any of these pieces join with each other. Its reconstructed length is 241.2mm. The probable tip of the shank is a little bent and the head incomplete, suggesting an estimated original length for these three pieces together is c.250mm. The diameter of the head of the pin is 73.5mm (internal 53.4mm) and it is max.2.1mm thick. The pin shank measures from c.4-3mm in diameter and retains a very shiny, smooth, dark green patina; the head retains a mostly shiny, smooth dark green and coppery-coloured patina but with numerous small patches of light green corrosion. The three pieces weigh 31.33g collectively.

The head consists of a rim 1.6mm thick with a raised rim to either side, 2.1mm tall. Within the shallower area is an incised zig-zag decoration, with the alternate resulting triangles being filled with incised diagonals, parallel to the far-left edge (with the head place uppermost and shank extending downwards). The decorated triangles have their wider end at the outside edge and the undecorated triangles at the inside edge. There are 29 'pairs' of triangles on one side and 22 on the other. The edge of the ring widens from c.8mm where the shanks extends to 11.7mm at the furthest break and 9.9mm at the nearer break; all breaks are old.

The shank extends from the narrowest part of the ring, from a rectangular panel of incised line decoration. On one side this takes the form of a herringbone motif (point towards the internal edge) while the other has crossed diagonal lines extending from either side of the ring and extending into the top of the shank. The shank extends for c.13mm before the old break, where it has an oval cross-section and measures 4.3x3.8mm.

Both sections of shank are circular in cross-section. One narrows from 4.3mm to 3.8mm over 83.6mm while the other narrows from 3.7mm to 3.1mm, at which point much of the external surface of the metal is lost and a wire projection extends 1.8mm in diameter. This section is 74.9mm long.



4) Unlooped palstave belonging to the Norman type. These imports from across the Channel occur in other hoards near Fareham. It measures 154mm in length, 40.9mm wide at the cutting edge, 25.1mm wide and 29.8mm thick at the stop ridge, and weighs 340g (to the nearest 2g). The axehead is complete with some damage to the cutting edge. Where the original patina is visible, it is a silvery-copper colour, shiny and smooth. However the blade and butt end in particular have smaller and larger patches of active light green corrosion.

The blade of the palstave is a long isoceles triangle in shape with expanding sides and a curved cutting edge (where not damaged). In profile the blade is triangular with the widest section being below the stop ridge. Both faces have 'trident decoration' in the form of a triangular- or shield-shaped depression below the stop ridge with a vertical central rib extending from the stop ridge. This central ridge does not extend beyond the shield'.

The butt-end of the axehead is rectangular in shape and triangular in profile. On both faces, the flanges decrease in height from the stop ridge to the butt end.



5) An incomplete blade with no original edges surviving, perhaps from a knife or razor. It measures 28.7mm in incomplete length, 18.1mm in max.width, 2.6mm in max.thickness and weighs 5.09g. The object has a wide central mid-rib, extending in a Y-shape from the wider end (18.1mm wide and max.1.6mm thick) to the narrower end (12.8mm wide and 2.6mm thick). The cross-section at the narrower end is lenticular while it is rather flatter and more rectangular at the wider end. The object has a smooth, shiny, blue-green patina and the breaks, while jagged, are perhaps recentish.



6) A fragment of spearhead blade, measuring 15.9mm in length, max.12.6mm wide, 6.1mm in thickness and weighing 3.05g. It has a greyish-brown patina, silvery in places, smooth and lightly pitted. The object has a pronounced lozengiform cross-section with incurved long edges.","
With special thanks to Brenan O'Connor for recognising the palstave as a Norman type.
",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2018-04-03T23:00:00Z,2018-04-03T23:00:00Z,2018T222,,,,,,,6,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Fareham,Portchester West,SU6005,From finder,50.84142389,-1.14921757,HAMP-4B38A6,,HAMP4B38A6.jpg,Middle Bronze Age ornament hoard,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP4B38A6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1013648.jpg
897795,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Bronze Age copper alloy flat axe, Length: 94 mm, width: 43 mm, thickness: 11 mm, weight: 164 g.



The axe is complete but is pitted with corrosion and has a rectangular form and cross section. It has a very square butt end with tapering sides and it has largely parrallel, slightly flanged edges which only taper outwards slightly before becoming the curved edge to the blade. this tapers gently in width and has a rounded edge with slightly projecting sides. There is no sign of any decoration. Its form is consistent with the Arreton developed flat axehead type, of Early to Middle Bronze Age dating (c. 1700 to c. 1500 BC). See WMID-3941D2",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,164,,,11,94,1,Wendy Scott,Elisabeth Janovsky,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Somerby,SK8013,Centred on field,52.70876294,-0.81733649,LEIC-5BE6A3,,LEIC5BE6A3.jpg,"Bronze age copper alloy flat axe, 1700 - 1500 BC",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ejkj1/LEIC5BE6A3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1009425.jpg
897852,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1400,-500,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy disc- headed pin, Length: 27 mm, diameter: 11 mm, weight: 2.13 grams.



The pin is incomplete, missing its lower shaft. This is circular in cross section and widens as it reaches the head from 2mm to 3.5 mm in diameter. The head is 3 mm deep and 11 mm in diameter. It is circular in form and triangular in cross section, emerging from the shaft and widening to form a disc with a concave upper surface which contains a central circular depression. There is no decoration.



Pins of this type are hard to date as they are not often discovered within hoards. The artefact form is likely to be prevalent from the Ornament Horizon (1500 / 1400 BC) through into the Iron Age (at least until 500 BC). The form of the pin is similar to SF-509598, described as a Picardy type and dated to 1400-1250BC and is also similar to examples excavated from Flag Fen (Flag fen cat no 173-185 fig 10.9 pp274-275) these later examples have be dated through metalurgical anaylsis to the Wilburton phases of the later Bronze Age (Needham Period 6) c. 1150-1000 BC. This pin is also similar in form to SUR-3762E7, which is dated 900-600BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,,2.13,,11,,27,1,Wendy Scott,Elisabeth Janovsky,East Midlands,Rutland,Rutland,Leighfield,SK8203,GPS (from the finder),52.6185874,-0.79022511,LEIC-5D796B,,LEIC5D796B.jpg,"Late Bronze Age disc headed pin, 900 to 600 BC",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ejkj1/LEIC5D796B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1009511.jpg
898648,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-700,"A fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy axehead, dating from 2500-700 BC. The fragment consists of the tip of the axehead. It is oval in cross section across the body. It is triangular in cross section down the side of the axe head, narrowing to the cutting edge. It has a dark green patina, with patches of light green and light brown corrosion. It measures 29.7mm in length, 9.3mm in width, 5.8mm in thickness and 3.80g in weight.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-10-07T23:00:00Z,,,Weekend Wanderers Bucks Oct 2017 American Tour 2,3.8,,,5.8,29.7,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Thornton,SP7435,GPS (from the finder),52.00850986,-0.9232998,BUC-DD0B7C,,BUCDD0B7C.jpg,Bronze Age Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCDD0B7C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1016112.jpg
898676,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy Bronze Age socketed axe, c.1000-800BC



Description: The fragment represents part of the socket and loop of the axe but that is all. The breaks are jagged and partially worn suggesting they were broken  in antiquity. Due to its' incompleteness it is not possible to narrow the ID for this object.



Measurements: length: 24.37mm width: 15.37mm thickness: 3.41mm weight: 8g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,3.41,24.37,1,Henry Weeds,Henry Weeds,South East,Kent,Sevenoaks,Brasted,TQ4850,GPS (from the finder),51.23000359,0.11833175,KENT-DDA2B2,,SocketedAxeLoop.jpg,,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/henrydw21/SocketedAxeLoop.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1010503.jpg
899113,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete copper-alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date, c.1000 - 800 BC. South Wales (Stogursey) Type and of Ewart Park Metalworking Industry of Needham's (1997) Period 7.



The axehead is wedge-shaped with a square socket mouth and a moulded everted collar. The remains of four runners / casting jets in the form of raised ovate knops are present - being positioned at the mid-point of each side of the mouth. Internally the socket is wedge shaped - it tapers and narrows to the cutting edge. Externally the sides of the axehead are broadly parallel before expanding to form a crescentic shaped blade with distinct blade tips. On the upper part of the socket is a D-shaped, ovate sectioned attachment loop it is positioned directly below the swollen collar. Casting flashes are present on both sides of the axehead including the loop and a crack is present along one corner. The flashes have been trimmed and hammered flat. Likewise the blade is prepared and sharpened - suggesting the axe was in a condition where it would have been usable.Three distinct vertical ribs are present on the two widest surfaces of the axehead, these commence from the underside of the moulded collar and taper to blunt points on the lower blade before the cutting facet of the axe.



The metal has a largely shiny reddish/brown patina with some green patches on the blade. The area around the socket is slightly blackened while the ribs retain a brassy shine. Peter Reavill Finds Liaison Officer - Herefordshire & Shropshire comments that this is a common feature with the axes seemingly dipped or deliberately blackened, and the ribs then polished resulting in a shiny gold on black effect.



Dimensions:



Length: 112.9mm;



Socket (external): 53.4mm x 44.9mm;



Socket (internal): 30.7mm x 27.9mm;



Blade width: 59.5mm;



Loop: 30.5mm x 7.6mm x 5.4mm;



Internal depth: 80.1mm;



Weight: 403g.



NMGW-718725 states that South Wales axes and their variants are prolific in south east Wales with over 120 examples now known as single finds and from within hoards. Examples of both complete and damaged socketed axes in hoards within the National Collection of Wales include St.Mellons, Cardiff (Stanton 1984), Llantwit Major, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, no.281) and Penwyllt, Ystradgynlais, Powys (Savory 1980, no.284).



Recently, this phase has been radiocarbon dated to 1020-800 CAL BC (Needham et al. 1997; Needham 1996)",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,,,,,403,,,,112.9,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Monmouth,SO5014,From a paper map,51.82237311,-2.72684566,YORYM-057F37,,SWW0001.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/SWW0001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1010870.jpg
899509,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"An incomplete copper alloy spear tip from the Bronze Age circa 1700-1500BC. The spear tip is triangular in plan it is also curved and possibly missing a lower piece. The convex surface displays wear to the middle and the edges of the spear are nicked in places. Two of the nicks reveal a green patina underneath the redish brown surface of the spear.



A similar tanged spearhead can be found in (folder p73 -74). (MA VI c1700-1500BC) Weight:15.15g.



Length: 40.57 mm

Width: 21.47 mm

Thickness: 10.05 mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-21T00:00:00Z,,,,15.15,,,10.05,40.57,1,Helen Wickenden,Helen Wickenden,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Northmoor,SP4201,From finder,51.70617351,-1.3935921,BUC-2EC123,,SpearTipBUC2EC123.jpg,Spear Tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hwickenden/SpearTipBUC2EC123.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1011221.jpg
899611,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"A cast copper-alloy miniature flat axe head of the Early Bronze Age, c.2200-2000 BC. Sub-triangular in plan, lenticular in section and in profile. At 101 mm in length the axe is slightly over half the size of a standard Early Bronze Age axe from South-west England. It is 43.5 mm wide at the blade end, tapering to 20 mm near the damaged butt end; its maximum thickness is 9.5 mm and its weight 164.45 g. The sides are straight and do not flare outwards to meet the blade edge which is slightly curved in plan. Much of the original surface has been lost and the axe is pitted and abraded through corrosion and movement within the plough soil. One face is less corroded but there is no evidence of any form of incised decoration on the surface of the axe. The butt end has broken in antiquity to create a central projection which has subsequently worn to a smooth point. The break suggests that part of the axehead was left in the haft or handle which means that it was used.



Pearce (1983) describes a miniature Migdale (Sutherland, Scotland) type flat axe, with a slightly flared blade, from Banner Down, Somerset on page 502, which is illustrated in pl.69, no.587 and a wider, broader Migdale type flat axe with straight sides from Harlyn Bay, Cornwall on page 418, pl.12, no.98c, which are both associated with the Migdale metalworking tradition of the Early Bronze Age, c.2200-2000 BC.



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) discuss Migdale flat axes on pp.35-45 and the Biggar variants, with their straighter sides and less rounded cutting edges, on pp.46-48. These are illustrated in plates 5 to 19. A similar small flat axe with straight sides and a shallow curve to the blade, of the Biggar variant type, from Yorkshire, which is the same length, is illustrated in pl.19, no.241.



There are similar miniature Migdale type axes recorded on the database in WMID-58D2F4 and LVPL-DA4598, which is referred to as a 'Biggar' variant of the Migdale type of flat axe, but these have slightly crescentic blades.



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, Metalworking Stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996, p.122) Period 2 (c.2350-2050 cal BC). This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,164.45,,,9.5,101,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Advent,SX1082,GPS (from the finder),50.60670323,-4.68656202,CORN-3237B8,,DSCN0203.JPG,flat axe (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN0203.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1012112.jpg
899615,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-700,"Cast copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age socketed axe, sub-rectangular in plan and in section and triangular in profile. The fragment consists of the blade end of a socketed axe, 44.5 mm long, 29.5 mm wide at the blade end, 15 mm in height and 4 mm thick at the broken end, and 41.35 g in weight. The entire surface is oxidized to a pale green. The base of the sub-rectangular socket is slightly dished and would have expanded within the axehead as the blade developed into the body and the collar at the opposite terminal. The socket, when complete, would have held the wooden haft or handle of the axe.The almost parallel sides of the fragment are slightly convex, with a faint linear casting seam on each side. The blade is very slightly expanded from the sides of the axe at the cutting edge, which would have been the result of sharpening during use. The cutting edge is rounded and slightly damaged although this appears to be limited to the surface corrosion and is more likely the result of soil movement than of use. The narrow straight sides of the blade suggest that it is part of an Armorican socketed axe, which are also referred to as 'Breton axes', a type which are usually non-functional and may have been 'ingot-axes' at least in north west France. Outside north west France they are widespread but uncommon. They date from the Late Bronze Age, the Llyn Fawr phase (c.800-700 BC), and into the Early Iron Age, the Hallstatt C phase (c.800-650 BC).



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar Armorican socketed axes from Newlyn and Carn Brea, in Cornwall, on pages 421 & 424, plates 14 & 17, nos.115 & 129c.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-07T23:00:00Z,2018-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,41.35,15,,4,44.5,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Lewannick,SX2781,Generated from computer mapping software,50.60300985,-4.44608582,CORN-323F38,,DSCN6641.JPG,socketed axe blade (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN6641.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1026726.jpg
899617,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy blade, possibly the point from a Bronze Age sword, kite-shaped in plan and lozenge-shaped in profile. The broken end appears to have been deliberately cut to create a pointed apex which may have been to improve hafting if the fragment was re-used as some sort of perforating tool. This break is not typical of the deliberate breaking up of swords into fragments for deposition, which is often clean and perpendicular to the edge (Matt Knight pers comm). None of the original surface remains, as the fragment is so corroded and pitted from being in the sea, and there is no evidence of any mid rib which is common to Bronze Age swords. It is also very narrow for a sword blade but may come from a narrow Wilburton phase type sword or a blade that is stepped and narrowed in plan like the Carp's Tongue Complex sword, though the latter is not found in Cornwall.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a sword with a narrow blade and point from Weymouth, Dorset, on page 666, pl.105, no.476, which is dated from the Wilburton phase of the late Middle Bronze Age, c.1150-1000 BC.



Burgess (1968) illustrates a sword found in the River Thames on page 22, fig.13, no.1 which dates from the Carp's Tongue Complex of the Late Bronze Age, c.1000-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-01T23:00:00Z,2018-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,9.47,,,5,42,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Just,SW3830,From finder,50.11214148,-5.66600351,CORN-32473E,,DSCN0207.JPG,sword tip (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN0207.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1012107.jpg
899678,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a bent Bronze Age cast copper-alloy decorated socketed spearhead. The fragment broadly triangular in plan and lozengeiform in cross section. The spear fragment tapers towards the point which has been bent, the tip of the spear curves towards the fragment. At the break the socket is visible. The sides are decorated with vertical grooves.



The spear is 36.1mm in length, 10.65mm wide, 7.1mm thick and weighs 6.26 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.26,,,7.1,36.1,1,Richard Henry,Richard Henry,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Idmiston,SU1935,From finder,51.11398006,-1.72994783,WILT-344A4E,,WILT344A4E.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rhenry2/WILT344A4E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1011303.jpg
899841,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy Palstave, probably dating to c. 1,500-1,300 BC. The Palstave comprises of the blade only, the butt-end, including the entirety of the septum and flanges being lost to an old break at the stop ridge. The vestigial remains of loop are present, with a broken and abraded projection from one lateral face below the stop ridge. Each broad face features corroded rident or shield shaped decoration, cast in low relief below the stop ridge. In plan the blade flares widely into a crescentic cutting edge, but with no evidence for flanged blade tips, whilst in profile the blade narrows notably below the stop ridge, before tapering more gradually into the cutting edge.



Dimensions: length 75.4mm; width 42.4mm; thickness 26.4mm; weight 209.45g.



A comparable palstave, also found in Devon, can be seen recorded at DEV-8907FD. A Palstave featuring very similar ""trident"" decoration can be seen illustrated by Pearce (1984, no. 809), described as being of high-flanged South-Western type. Another comparable palstave, although with lower flanges is published by Knight, Omrod & Pearce (2015, no. 460), from a small hoard in Somerset. Comparable palstaves on this database include LVPL-135122 and WAW-B8887E. The axehead probably fits into Needham's group III and the Acton Park II or Taunton metal working phases, and probably dates to c. 1500-1300 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,209.45,,,26.4,75.4,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Devon,Teignbridge,Christow,SX8385,Generated from computer mapping software,50.65289463,-3.65642937,DEV-71E97B,,DEV71E97B.JPG,Bronze Age incomplete palstave,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridgedev/DEV71E97B.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1011652.jpg
900230,Mould,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"Middle Bronze Age bronze mould for casting palstaves of Group III, Low Flanged Type of Taunton Metalworking Industry and probably dated to c. 1400 - 1200BC

The mould is represented by one valve of the pair, with a fragment missing from its base (blade end) (with a length of 197mm and a weight of 510.8g). The mouth (with a thickness of 14mm) is flat on its top surface and is damaged on one side. The exterior of the mould was circular-sectioned at its apex (with a diameter of 43.0mm) becoming hexagonal-sectioned at the neck, which has near straight and parallel sides as far as the position of the loop, where the sides have a rounded swelling, pronounced on the loop side but also present, although subtle on the unlooped side (reaching a maximum width of 54.8mm). The front of the mould has a prominent central groove along the neck (with a maximum depth of 9mm) and corresponding with the septum between the flanges. The mould half reaches a maximum thickness (of 24mm) at the position of the stop. The lower part of the exterior was also hexagonally-sectioned, with straight sides diverging to the base. The basal edge has largely been lost (with a surviving maximum width of 75mm) but appears to have had a gentle curved edge and has a bevel from the face to the edge (9mm thick). The blade part of the exterior was decorated with three divergent ribs, which extended to the basal edge. The surviving part of the basal edge, above the bevel is also enhanced with a rib as is the top of the side bevels. There is a chevron moulding on one side, corresponding with position of the loop.

The interior of the mould has a rounded channel at the apex as a reservoir for the molten bronze (11mm diameter and 26mm deep) feeding into the butt of the palstave. The flat top, where the two mould halves meet is of variable width (from 8.2mm ay the butt and the blade tips and 14.5mm below the loop) and has four locating sockets, to engage with tenons from the missing mould valve. The sockets are of lentoid form (18mm long, 5mm wide and 3mm deep) and with a pair located flanking the butt and a pair beneath the top of the blade. The palstave negative has gently convex sides to the upper part (with a maximum width above the stop of 24.5mm) and the flanges appear to gradually deepen, reaching their maximum height at the stop (where the mould has a depth of 14.4mm). The loop (22mm long, 11 wide, with a mould depth of 5mm and where the palstave has a width of 19mm) is positioned immediately below the stop at its lower end. The stop has a slight curvature. The sides of the blade are curved and divergent to the blade tips, one of which is missing (with a maximum surviving width of 59mm, and the mould has a depth of 2.3mm at the blade edge).The sides of the blade are perpendicular to the blade face, which appear to be moderately flat across its length and width but gradually becomes shallower. There is the suggestion of a groove running along the edge of the blade, perhaps indicating a subtle rib running along the palstave blade edge. The palstave blade would have been decorated with midrib (with a length of 65mm), beginning at the stop. There is an oval casting flaw depression (7mm x 5mm and 1.6mm deep) on the blade, slightly above one of the blade tips.

The interior and exterior faces of the mould have differing corrosion deposits or patinas, the exterior face has a pale brown corrosion deposit which has a tendency to flake off, revealing a pale, 'olive-green' patina. The interior surface has the same or similar brown corrosion over one side and the jet reservoir but elsewhere has a darker-green to black patina. Most of the scratches and striations inside the mould appear to cut through the patina and are likely to be more recent. There is a crack extending from the break on the blade to the side edge, consolidated at Amgueddfa Cymru prior to recording. Palstave moulds are commonly broken across their base or basal corners and Adams (pers. Comm.) has speculated about the possibility of deliberate damage across this area of the mould but suggests that the base is more likely to be a weaker area more susceptible to damage.

The mould would appear to have cast palstaves of Group III, Low Flanged (broad blade) type with a midrib, possibly of Type Sleaford or Type Harlech. The suggested grooves along the sides of the blade may suggest flange extensions, characteristic of Type Sleaford (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p133) . Sleaford palstaves are seen as beginning early in the life of broad blade palstaves with an uncertain longevity (ibid.). Broad Blade palstaves are traditionally dated to the Taunton phase of the Middle Bronze Age in Britain, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 5, dated to c. 1500 - 1150BC.

Only one other bronze palstave mould find is know from Wales, recovered from Deansfield near Bangor, Gwynedd, which comprised two mould pairs for a looped and unlooped palstave of Middle Bronze Age date. Webley and Adams' (2016) study lists eleven palstave mould finds recorded from Britain, including two locations with associated sets of mould pairs (Deansfield and Hempnall, Norfolk) and nine of which include both valves. Five of the palstave mould finds (from four separate finds) are looped and of Middle Bronze Age date, recovered from London, Deansfield (Gwynedd), two pairs from Hepmall (Norfolk),) and South Wiltshire. Of these finds, only the London mould valve was not decorated on the exterior. An additional palstave mould was recovered from Marton in Shropshire but with no detail recorded. Webley and Adams (2016, p. 324) noted that Later Prehistoric mould finds were absent in South Wales at that time. There has been little recorded Middle Bronze Age activity in the area around the findspot and the suggestion of contemporary metalworking is a significant new addition to our understanding of the Bronze Age of the area.","Metallurgical Analysis of the mould

By Phil Parkes



The bronze palstave mould was analysed using SEM-EDX and XRF analysis to determine metal composition. XRF analysis on the interior and exterior of the mould showed the two surfaces to contain the same elements with slightly different proportions, most likely due to surface depletion / enrichment due to corrosion. SEM-EDX analysis was carried out on a sample taken from the broken edge of the mould using a small hand drill to remove surface corrosion and extract flakes of the uncorroded metal. The analysis showed a bronze (83% copper and 15% tin) with small amounts of lead (0.5%), arsenic (0.8%) and nickel (0.5%) present.



There are clear differences in the composition of the core metal and the interior patinated surface confirmed by both SEM and XRF analysis which are due to surface enrichment effects.



The bronze mould has a number of small areas where a white substance, thought to be a modern clay used to take a cast from the mould, remains. A sample of the modern clay was compared to a sample of the white material removed from the mould for analysis by SEM-EDX. The results show that the two substances are the same (Figure 6) and consist of a fibrous clay-based material with a calcium sulphate (CaSO4) filler.



Average    Range     Average           Range

Nickel        0.5%       0.5-0.5%          0.3% 0-0.5%

Copper      83.4%     78.4-86.3%      38.1% 28.9-44.6%

Arsenic      0.8%       0.6-0.9%          4.9% 4.0-5.9%

Tin             14.8%     12.2-19.5%      54.5% 48.9-62.8%

Lead          0.5%        0-0.7% 2.2%   2.0-2.4%

SEM-EDX analysis of core sample and surface of interior of mould.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-21T00:00:00Z,,,,510.8,,43,14,197,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Penderry,SS6497,From finder,51.65528776,-3.9674117,NMGW-9883F6,,mouldcopy.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age bronze mould for casting palstaves of Group III, Low Flanged Type",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/mouldcopy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1011825.jpg
900297,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-750,"
A copper alloy casting jet or sprue. The item is roughly oval in plan and plano-convex in section, and has an incomplete, irregular tab of copper alloy extending from the base. Probably Late Bronze Age.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.02,,,21,20,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Roxholm,TF0649,GPS (from the finder),53.0277971,-0.42093876,LIN-9B5103,,LIN9B5103.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy casting waste,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LIN9B5103.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1011871.jpg
900449,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"Copper alloy mount or fitting of uncertain function and date, probably of Late Bronze Age or Iron Age date and possibly a scabbard chape.



The possible cast mount is complete (with a length of 23.5mm, a height of 22.9mm and a weight of 18.0g). The mount is of bulbous bi-lobed form (21.5mm wide and 13.1mm thick) with a curving point projecting from each lobe. At the centre is a shallow rounded groove, widest at the base. Both lobes are decorated with prominent ribbing defined by grooves. The lobes terminate in gently curving points of rounded D-shaped section, slightly flattened on their interiors. The points are not decorated and the interior, near the centre is less finished than the rest of the mount. At the centre is an irregular, sub-circular depression or hollowing (6.6mm wide, 7.6long and 4.2mm deep). The interior is not finished and would not have been seen. The surface has a dark-brown patina with orange brown residue or corrosion surviving in the deeper grooves.



The object, often referred to as a 'moustache' is recognised object form but poorly understood in terms of its function and date. The object form is quite consistent, being bi-lobed and rounded, often with ribbed decoration and with projecting prongs. An example of the type was found with the Salisbury Hoard and indicates a Bronze or Iron Age date although the style would suggest a Late Bronze to Iron Age date. It has been suggested that the mount may have been used on Iron Age weapons and it seems possible that the pronged form may be consistent with its use as a scabbard chape, although this remains a conjectural identification.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-11T00:00:00Z,,,,18,22.9,,13.1,23.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llantilio Crossenny,SO3915,From a paper map,51.83026815,-2.88660062,NMGW-AF1FCC,,201725copy.jpg,"Copper alloy mount or fitting of uncertain function and date, probably of Late Bronze Age or Iron Age date and possibly a scabbard chape",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/201725copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1012032.jpg
900485,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age knife or razor probably of Late Bronze Age date

The knife or razor is of crescent form and appears to be near-complete but is perhaps missing a tang (with a length of 51.3mm, a height of 40.1mm and a weight of 43.9g). The blade edge is concave with a deep-arched back. The blade tips at both ends may have been elongated, as suggested shallowing to the curve at the back. One tip has a small semi-circular notch (3.3mm diameter), possibly the remnants of a rivet attachment hole and if correct, may suggest a slight tang on that side. There is an irregular long notch (12.5m long and 3.3mm deep) on the top edge, just below the apex and may also be the result of hafting. The blade is thickest at the centre (with a maximum thickness of 4.4mm) and thins at a blade facet on both edges and on both faces. The blade facet has a consistent length (of 7.4mm) along the edge. The surface is more corroded on one face and is dark-green brown with pale. The opposite face has a dark-green patina with a few striations evident running along the blade, possibly from sharpening.



The bronze blade is difficult to closely parallel with British archaeological finds but is perhaps best paralleled with Late Bronze Age Hog backed or triangular knives or Racloirs. The blade edge on these examples is usually comparatively straight rather than concave and perhaps suggests a specialised function. The possible rivet indent on one end and damage to the apex, perhaps suggest a tanged knife with handle on one end but covering the top of the blade.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-26T00:00:00Z,,,,43.9,40.1,,4.4,51.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Caerwent,ST4789,,51.59733773,-2.76655802,NMGW-B18276,,2017231copy.jpg,Bronze Age knife or razor probably of Late Bronze Age date,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2017231copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1012077.jpg
900624,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"Late Bronze Age date (c. 1150-600 BC) pegged spearhead. The copper alloy spearhead is almost complete with the edges of the blade being abraded and the rim of the socket is damaged recently. The blade is a slender leaf-shape and the edges of the blade are slightly bevelled. The midrib tapers towards the tip, which is missing and expands to the socket. The socket is still filled with soil, and is 17.36mm diameter on the interior and 22.03mm diameter on the exterior. The socket is decorated with three bands of triple stranded grooves. On the exterior edges of the outer grooves there is a very fine low-relief zig-zag design. The socket also has a circular perforation on one side, the perforation on the other side is not visible due to corrosion.



The surface of the spearhead has a well-developed shiny dark brown patina.



The spearhead measures 129.77mm in length, 22.03mm diameter at the socket, 27.44mm wide across the blade and weighs 74.45g with soil.



The spearhead is a pegged spearhead which date to the late Bronze Age (c. 1150-600 BC) and are usually found in the Thames Valley, Cambridge Fens and east Midlands.



This spearhead type can be attributed to Davis (2016: 2) Group 11, where he states that Group 11 'represents 72% of the corpus. Attributes are peg holes in the socket and various blade forms e.g. an even curve from blade/socket junction to the tip; a wide curving blade base with blade edges then leading straight to the tip. Overall spearhead length varies considerably from c.100mm to c.400mm. Several have incised decoration on the socket.'



Reference:



Davis, R. (2016) A Short Guide to Late Bronze Age Spearheads, Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.3.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-30T00:00:00Z,2018-02-22T00:00:00Z,,,74.45,,22.03,,129.77,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,North Warwickshire,Maxstoke,SP2386,From finder,52.47145454,-1.66283912,WAW-C65A09,,WAWC65A09.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead (plan and profile).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWC65A09.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1012331.jpg
900777,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"A complete Bronze Age copper alloy flat axe dating to the period circa BC 1700-1500. The object is a flanged axehead type. The object consists of a concave butt with tapering sides. It has parallel slightly flanged edges tapering outwards before becoming part of the curved edge of the blade. The blade then tapers gently on either side meeting forming the cutting edge. The object is undecorated though treating with renaissance wax has been attempted resulting in a purple patina. The original patina was brown with green corrosion, and there are traces of green indicating its copper alloy consititution. The blade has pitted badly on both sides and one side of the blade is also badly pitted along the septum and butt end. The object is consistent in form with the Arreton flanged axes, dating to the Metal Assemblage type VI, circa 1700-1500 corresponding to late Early Bronze Age and the early Middle Bronze Age.



Overall length: 94.2mm; blade width: 50mm; Thickness: 12.1mm; Butt width: 6.28mm; Septum length: 65.52mm; Weight: 133.44g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,133.44,,,12.1,94.2,1,Phil Hughes,Phil Hughes,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Halloughton,SK6851,Generated from computer mapping software,53.05194306,-0.98699223,DENO-177CFA,,DENO177CFA.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO177CFA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025902.jpg
900787,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Fragmentary copper-alloy palstave axe dating from the Middle Bronze Age c. 1500 - 1000 BC.



The axe retains part of the blade and stop-ridge. The blade is lentoid in section and sub-rectangular in shape, flaring outwards nearer the blade edge. The blade edge is now missing.



The stop-ridge is rectangular in shape, though the depression in one face is deeper than the other. The butt portion of the axe is also missing.



The thickest portion of the item is the junction between blade and stop-ridge where flanges rise to meet at the centre.



The surface is very worn and the axe appears to be heavily damaged. The patina is a dark green and dark brown mottled colour, with iron staining on the blade portion.



Dimensions: weight: 177.73g, length: 99mm, width: 38mm, thickness: 18mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,177.73,,,18,99,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Tendring,Elmstead,TM0525,From finder,51.88585181,0.97739227,ESS-17C46C,,ESS17C46C.jpg,Bronze age palstave axe,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESS17C46C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1012456.jpg
900918,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a Bronze Age spear head dating to 1500BC to 800BC. Only the tip of the spear head remains and is sub-triangular in plan and profile. The edges have sustained damage and the break appears not to be recent.



The item is triangular in shape. The mid portion of the spear is cylindrical in section, and there are two triangular sectioned flanges that protrude at each side to prodice the sharp blade edges. The spear tapers to a point, and the breakage is at the opposite end. The surface patina is a light brown with patches of green, and the inside (seen through the breakage) is a light orange/brown.



Dimensions: weight: 7.1g, length: 28.7mm, width: 15.9mm, thickness: 9.4mm","
A date of middle to late Bronze Age was decided by the cross sectional shape to similar items.
",4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.1,,,9.4,28.7,1,Sophie Flynn,Colin Rose,,,,,,,,,ESS-1A7A76,,ESS1A7A76.jpg,Bronze Age Spear head,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESS1A7A76.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1013405.jpg
901264,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy awl, dated to the Late Bronze Age. The object has a sub-circular shaft tapering to a straight point at one end. The other end has been hammered and flattened forming a sub-rectangular upper end.



Its use remains unclear despite its technical attribute.



The metal is a dark green in colour with a slightly pitted patina. Length: 65.74mm, Width: 4.13mm, Thickness: 4.58mm, Weight: 3.6g","
The form of the awl does not change much through time and similar objects are also noted in the Roman period and possibly later.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.6,,,4.58,65.74,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Norton,SP5964,From finder,52.27099833,-1.13678195,NARC-43CEF7,,NARC43CEF7.jpg,NARC-43CEF7 : Stylus : Roman to Medieval,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC43CEF7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1013001.jpg
901444,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A copper alloy Bronze Age flanged axehead, dating to the period c.2000-1700 BC. The axehead is broadly rectangular, with an incomplete expanded crescent shaped blade. The butt is narrow and incomplete and measures 12.72mm in width and is 3.28mm thick. In profile the axe is a sub pointed oval with both terminals tapering. In section the axe is slightly H-shaped as the side edges of the axe have been worked to form a slight raised collar rather than having cast flanges. The flanges extend 1.0 mm above the body of the axe head. The expanded blade measures 29.31mm in width and is 5mm thick. The axehead has a green patina, with a corroded and pitted surface.



The axehead measures 72.23mm in length, has a maximum width of 29.31mm (blade), a minimum width 12.72mm (butt), and has a width of 15.82mm in the centre. It is 8.20mm thick at the central point. It weighs 55.30g.



This axehead is similar to SWYOR-3DAD49 and DOR-28154A, and is consistent with that of the Arreton type axe, of Early Bronze Age III dating, metalworking stage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,55.3,,,15.82,72.23,1,Denise Wilding,Denise Wilding,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bainton,SE9753,GPS (from the finder),53.96399301,-0.52296067,YORYM-57D704,,CW0362.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/CW0362.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1013933.jpg
901450,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, dating to the period c. 1150-800 BC. Only the tip of the axehead survives. The blade edge is mostly intact and has a convex curve. The fragment has a broadly rectangular cross-section at the break and the socket is revealed inside the break. One edge is bent inwards due to post depositional damage, and the edges are uneven and jagged. The fragment is corroded and pitted, with a green-brown patina.



The axehead measures 24.25mm from the break to the cutting edge, 36.29mm wide (length of cutting edge), and 10.19mm thick at the break. It weighs 29.05g. The internal measurements of the socket are 28.02mm by 5.67mm.



Cf. DENO-DE3DDD on the database",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.05,,,,24.25,1,Denise Wilding,Denise Wilding,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bainton,SE9853,GPS (from the finder),53.96380474,-0.50772379,YORYM-583B27,,CW0360.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/CW0360.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1013931.jpg
901457,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-800,"A fragment of a bronze age weapon, possibly a dagger, dating to the period c.2300 - 800 BC. The fragment is triangular in plan and lenticular in cross section. A worn break is present at the lower edge. The edges are worn, and a brown-green patina is on the surface.



The fragment measures 26.68mm in length, 11.26mm in width, 2.53mm in thickness and weighs 2.89g.



Cf. YORYM-D78623 on the database



Due to the fragmentary nature of this object, it is not possible to say with certainty that it is a dagger, and may be the tip of a different bladed weapon.



The curve at the break suggests the weapon may have been broken prior to deposition, possibly by way of ritual decomissioning of the piece.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.89,,,,26.68,1,Denise Wilding,Denise Wilding,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bainton,SE9853,GPS (from the finder),53.96380474,-0.50772379,YORYM-586759,,CW0361.jpg,Bronze Age : Dagger,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/CW0361.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1013932.jpg
901828,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy axehead of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (c. 1400- c.800 BC).



A fragment of crescentric cutting edge axe blade from an uncertain type of axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-15T23:00:00Z,,,,2.8,,,3.6,26,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,GPS (from the finder),51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-AAC96F,,,,,,,
901832,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2100,100,"
Tapering rod of copper-alloy of uncertain date.  Possibly a tool or huge brooch pin rectangular in section rounding to a flat point.  Bronze Age or Iron Age date?
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-11-06T00:00:00Z,,,,10.9,,5,,97.8,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,GPS (from the finder),51.65244492,-1.43767284,BERK-AAEB6C,,,,,,,
901840,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"The tip of a cast copper-alloy blade, probably a rapier of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800BC). The surviving fragment is lozenge in cross-section.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-15T23:00:00Z,,,,2.8,,,3.2,19,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3996,GPS (from the finder),51.66143571,-1.4375616,BERK-AB3F9A,,,,,,,
902008,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1000,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy Bronze Age spearhead, dating to the period c. 2000 -1000 BC. The piece represents the tip of the spearhead and is triangular in plan, retaining the mid-rib, which is hollow and formed part of the socket. The spearhead has a light green patination.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.41,,,9.54,29.29,1,Edwin Wood,Edwin Wood,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Willingdon and Jevington,TQ5600,Generated from computer mapping software,50.77860157,0.21134974,SUSS-C0E7BB,,,,,,,
902076,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged chisel, probably dating to c. 1150-800 BC. The chisel survives complete, although the tang has been damaged, and is now bent at 45 degrees to the plane.



The tang is rectangular in cross section, tapering to a point in profile and with a sub-rectangular end in plan, with the remains of casting seems running down either lateral face, particularly prominent at the interstice with the collar. The latter is elaborated, and oval in cross section, with concave sides and an expanded upper edge. The blade projects from below the less pronounced lower edge of the collar, exapanding into a crescentic cutting edge in plan, whist tapering to a point in profile. The lateral faces are faceted, creating a shallow, sub-hexagonal cross section. The blade is undecorated.



Dimensions: length 85.9mm; width of tang at mid point c. 6.0mm; width of collar 11.4mm; width of cutting edge 27.9mm; maximum thickness (at collar) 9.6mm; weight 27.68g.



A similar tanged chisel was found in association with a large amount of Late Bronze Age material as part of a probable Early Iron Age hoard at Gussage St. Michael, Dorset (Knight, Ormrod & Pearce 2015: 51, no. 250b). Another similar example, from Kingston, Dorset, is published by Pearce (1984: 476, no. 416a), from a site which has also produced Late Bronze Age pottery. Numerous similar chisels are also recorded onto this database, but cf. WILT-CDB685, which is particularly similar.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,27.68,,,9.6,85.9,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Loders,SY4994,GPS (from the finder),50.74335493,-2.72417805,DEV-C3AD9B,,DEVC3AD9B.JPG,Late Bronze age copper alloy chisel,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridgedev/DEVC3AD9B.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1013653.jpg
902221,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-650,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed gouge, of Late Bronze Age dating circa AD 1100 BC to 650 BC.



The object consists of the tip only with the rest of the object missing. The tip has a 'U' shaped blade. The gouge has a circular cross section. The object has tapering sides. The upper edge is damaged an uneven. The tip is narrowed, rounded and slightly flattened. One of the long edges faces is flattened. The opposing side is convex. The gouge has a dark green coloured patina with significant abrasion and pitting on the surfaces.



An incomplete example is recorded on the PAS database which was discovered in Herefordshire (HESH-A48FE1) the description explains how 'Socketed gouges have been found associated with metalwork assemblages of Wilberton (eg. Guilsfield, Savory, 1980, No. 268. 64-65) through Ewart Park (eg Penwyllt, Savory 1980, No 284. 7-8) and Llyn Fawr (Savory 1980, No 291 9-11). Savory (ibid., p 55) suggests that the earliest examples have multiple mouth mouldings, while later examples have a plain or broad, flat collar. According to Pearce in the 1983 publication 'The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain Part I', page 43, socketed gouges 'appear to have begun in the Wilburton phase, and continued as part of the tool repertoire until the end of the Bronze Age', although she suggests that most socketed gouges can be dated to the Ewart phase between c. 1000 - c. 800 BC'. Another example has also been recorded as discovered in North Warwickshire WMID-41C97A and also SWYOR-FCB525 discovered in Yorkshire.



The gouge measures 46.9 mm in length, 14.2 mm wide, a thickness of 1.8 mm of the gouge walls. It weighs 12.6 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-31T23:00:00Z,2018-04-29T23:00:00Z,,,12.6,,,1.8,46.9,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Church Eaton,SJ8313,From finder,52.71438777,-2.25308699,WMID-D84EFB,,WMIDD84EFB.jpg,"Late Bronze Age socketed gouge (front, profile, reverse, profile, plan and underside view)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMIDD84EFB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1013829.jpg
902277,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A fragment of a copper alloy probable rapier blade, 1500-800 BC. A section of straight-sided double-edged blade with a low oval cross section. The surface is pitted and corroded and has an even green patina. It has a wide mid rib.

Date: Bronze Age - c. 1500 - 1200 BC

Length: 40.16 mm

Width: 16.86 mm

Thickness: 3.95 mm

Weight: 12.38 g



The piece could be a fragment of a Bronze Age rapier, representing the  blade just below the tip. The size and condition of the fragment make further identification difficult.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.38,,,3.95,40.16,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Rachel Mowbray,South West,Dorset,Purbeck,Bere Regis,SY8296,From finder,50.76330752,-2.25658361,DOR-E9D105,,DORE9D105a.jpg,Bronze Age rapier.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DORE9D105a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1033214.jpg
902283,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a copper alloy palstave axe, probably dating to 1500 BC to 1150 BC. The flared, crescentic cutting edge only remains. It has a rectangular cross section. The surface is lightly corroded and pitted.

Date: Middle Bronze Age

Length: 26.70 mm

Width: 34.37 mm

Thickness: 9.93 mm

Weight: 32.53 g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.53,,,9.93,26.7,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Rachel Mowbray,South West,Dorset,Purbeck,Bere Regis,SY8297,Centred on field,50.77230003,-2.25663285,DOR-EA2008,,DOREA2008a.jpg,Iron Age axe head.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOREA2008a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1033209.jpg
902424,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1200,"A complete miniature Palstave of the Middle Bronze Age, dating from c. 1, 300 B.C - 1,200 B.C.



The palstave is broadly rectangular in plan and is lentoid in profile. There are raised ridges on the outer edge of each side forming a H shape in profile at the butt end. The butt is slightly concave and tapers to a rounded rectangular end. Slightly off centre is a raised horizontal mid rib with a three pronged head decoration, forming a trident pattern and two oval depressions in the surface. The blade is triangular and flares out, the cutting edge is visible, and tapers to a sharp edge.



The axehead measures 53.2 mm in length. It is 16.9 mm wide at the blade, 11.7 mm wide at the midrib, and is 7.1 mm wide at the butt end. The object measures 8.6 mm thick at the midrib, the blade is 2.9 mm thick and the butt is 1.8 mm thick. The axhead weighs 17.4 g.



The axhead is a dark green in colour with an uneven patina. Abrasion caused by movment whilst within the plough soil has resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail.



This object seems to be echoing the style of the Early Palstave, Group III, Low flanged (Broad Bladed) axeheads and is very similar to the Wantage type and it's variants. This type has a broad blade and are decorated with a trident pattern, formed by short mouldings branching from the midrib out towards the corners of the stop. Schmidt (1981) writes that although broad bladed, unlooped palstaves are rare in the Marches and Wales there is enough with a trident pattern to view this area as a source for the type (p 133). He also mentions that unlooped, trident palstaves of Type Wantage are among the earliest broad bladed Palstaves to be produced (p 134). He gives a date for the Low flanged (broad blade) Palstaves beginning in the 14th century B.C and extending into the 13th, which puts it firmly in the Middle Bronze Age (1,600 B.C - 1000 B.C). Similar objects have been recorded in Schmidt (1981), Plate 59, Nos 801 - 808 and page 133. However these recorded examples are of larger Palstave axeheads. A direct comparison for a miniature Palstave of this type could not be found at the time of recording.



References



Schmidt, P.K., 1981 The Axes of Scotland and Northern England Munich : Prahistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-13T23:00:00Z,2017-09-13T23:00:00Z,,,17.4,,,8.6,53.2,1,Helen Glenn,Helen Glenn,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Pontesbury,SJ3905,From finder,52.6392994,-2.9028738,WMID-EFD2EE,,WMIDEFD2EE.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Minature Palstave (Wantage type - Early Palstave Group III)s,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hglenn/WMIDEFD2EE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1015268.jpg
902633,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A gold band with a narrow tang/fastening hook at one end and blunt rounded terminal at one end (with a roughly pierced hole to receive the fastening hook). Both sides of the ornament are folded over to create an overall [ shape (similar to other objects of this date and style, cf. the Binstead 'rings', discussed below). The object has been distorted and crumpled. It is not clear whether the damage occurred before or after deposition, but the latter is probable given the lack of clear or intentional breakage.



Dimensions:



In its current state the object has dimensions of 30mm by 23mm (length by breadth). Measure with a soft tape the object would have had a length of 70mm and a width of c.14-15mm.



Weight: 4.84g



Composition of the gold:



The composition of the gold was tested using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis. It indicated a surface composition of approximately 88-90% gold and 9-11% silver, the rest being copper.



Discussion:

The function of this band is uncertain. It could be a ring or an ornament with another function. It share features in common with goldwork of probable Middle Bronze Age date, including the substantially larger Capel Isaf (Dyfed, Wales) armlets (Savory 1977), two small interlocked gold 'rings' found at Binstead (West Sussex) (Varndell 1998-9, 10-11, fig. 3) and the Woolaston (Gloucestershire) goldwork hoard (Treasure case 2013 T805, now in the British Museum).



References:

Savory, H. 1977, 'A New Hoard of Bronze Age Gold Ornaments', Archaeologia Atlantica, 1977 (Vol. 2).

Varndell 1998-9, 'Binstead, West Sussex: Two Bronze Age gold rings linked together', Treasure Annual Report 1998-1999, DCMS, 10-11



Author



Neil Wilkin

Curator, The British Museum","As a find of a precious metal object of Bronze Age date, this object qualifies as Treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act (1996).



Reported via Mark Lodwick at National Museum Wales.",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2018T304,,4.84,,,,30,1,Neil Wilkin,Ian Richardson,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Garway,SO4521,From finder,51.88483259,-2.80049878,PAS-2D3218,,2018T304a.JPG,Bronze Age gold ring,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2018T304a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1014116.jpg
902638,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"An incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead, of South Wales type and dating to the Ewart Park metal working phase, c. 950-750BC. The axehead is largely complete, but with extensive damage to the mouth of the socket. The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan and tapers in profile towarss the cutting edge. A pronounced casting seam runs down either lateral face, creating a shallow sub-hexagonal cross section, The vestigial remains of a probable loop survive on the less complete lateral face. The less abraded broad face is decorated with a series of three slightly converging longitudinal ribs. The cutting edge is flat. The mouth of the socket is expanded into a slightly flaring collar, with two of what was originally four casting runner stubs present; one at the centre of each surviving side. The socket is sub-rectangular in cross-section, and is 50.8mm deep.



Dimensions: length 78.3mm; width 34.2mm; thickness 23.3mm; weight 74.56g.","Similar axeheads can be seen published by Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2014: nos. 54 & 432). A number of similar axeheads have been found in Late Bronze Age hoards now recorded on this database, cf. NMGW-1C435C, amongst others.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,74.56,,,23.3,78.3,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Devon,South Hams,Staverton,SX7963,Generated from computer mapping software,50.4543204,-3.70583176,DEV-2D45E6,,DEV2D45E6.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridgedev/DEV2D45E6.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1014366.jpg
903096,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1100,"Cast copper alloy unlooped palstave axe probably dating to the Middle Bronze Age palstave 1300 to 1150BC. The axe shares similarities with the Taunton metalwork assemblage and Hotham related to the palstaves of the Acton Park metalwork assemblage to which it bears some resemblance similar to Needham et al fig 140 (1985) and Read (1995: p.3 fig 9 ) Dated to 1200 BC. The axe is almost complete and is relatively long with a length of 150mm. The butt is slightly concave and has a width of 30mm. The flanges are flat, long in form in plan, straight and parallel as far as the stop but do not extend all the way to the butt, with a width at the stop of 30mm. The blade is flaring 72mm wide with a slightly bevelled facet possibly as a result of hammering. The septum is very small and hard to discern and the edge of the butt maybe slightly broken. The axe has a green patina with green colouration in patches and there are various nicks along the length The axe is 30mm wide and there are no traces of casting flashes on the flange facets which must have been filed away. The axe share similarities with, NMGW-D73AD4 and NMGW-FAACD2.



British Bronze Age metalwork. A1-6., Early Bronze Age hoards / by Stuart P. Needham, Andrew J. Lawson and H. Stephen Green. London : Published and distributed for the Trustees of the BritishMuseum by British Museum Publications, 1985. ISBN - 0714113808 (unbound)



Read, B. 1995. History Beneath Our Feet. Anglia Publishing, Ipswich.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-04T23:00:00Z,2018-04-04T23:00:00Z,,,293.51,,,37,150,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Blackburn with Darwen,Blackburn with Darwen,Pleasington,SD6426,Centred on parish,53.72914568,-2.5471316,LANCUM-561B06,,LANCUM561B06.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM561B06.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1014412.jpg
903154,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy small palstave axehead or chisel, probably dating to c. 1500-1100 BC. The palstave is 71.6mm long, with the butt end being rectangular in plan and of largely consistant width, 11.0mm at the stop ridge, the blade exands in width from the stop ridge reaching 18.0mm at the rounded cutting edge, with no wing tips. In profile the blade is of largely consistant thickness, 3.6mm at the midpoint, although tapering to a point at the cutting edge. The palstave flares outwards into the stop ridge, 12.0mm thick, before tapering into the butt, with sub-triangular flanges. a deeply incised slatire is engraved into the lateral face of one flange, with the cuts being patinated. The septum is sub-rectangular and 25.1mm deep, the blade is undecorated.



Overall dimensions: length 71.6mm; width at cutting edge 18.0mm, at butt 10.6mm; thickness 12.0mm; weight 28.65g.



Although extremely small, a great variation in terms of size is a noted feature of axes of the Bronze Age, with these smaller axes probably being used for lighter woodworking (Moore & Rowlands 1972:13). An incomplete palstave, probably originally around 100mm long and of comparable form is recorded in this database: DEV-669688. Nos. 817 & 874, amongst others, published by Pearce (1984) are similarly short in length, although proportionally they differ.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.65,,,12,71.6,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Codford,ST9841,Generated from computer mapping software,51.16823946,-2.02998525,DEV-577913,,DEV577913.JPG,Bronze age copper alloy palstave,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridgedev/DEV577913.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1014464.jpg
903335,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy sword fragment. Cast fragment of a long narrow leaf-shaped blade, from towards its tip. A flattened rhomboid section at the narrower end of the fragment is rendered lentoid at the wider end by the rubbing down in antiquity of the aris between the sides of the blade on both its sides. The cutting edges remain sharp. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800 BC.



Length: 30.6mm, Width: 18.3mm, Thickness: 3.7mm, Weight: 6.61gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-05-13T23:00:00Z,,,,6.61,,,3.7,30.6,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9417,From finder,53.64108035,-0.57964636,NLM-6C8397,,NLM39324.jpg,Bronze Age Sword Blade fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM39324.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1014664.jpg
903386,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1100,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age Transitional palstave axehead of Schmidt and Burgess Type Roundhay, Midribbed Variant (The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, 1981; plate 64 and 65, nos.883-99), and of Penard/Wallington metalworking phase, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Periods 5 -6 and probably dating to 1300 - 1100BC. The incomplete axehead consists of the blade, loop and roughly half the butt end.
The blade has incurved long edges and an expanded cutting edge (38.7mm wide and 2.3mm thick), which has suffered some slight damage and has a shallow curve. On both faces is a prominent central mid-rib extending vertically below the stop-ridge and expanding, shallowing-out, into the lower blade. On one face it is wider and shallower, on the other narrower and higher.

The loop extends in a C-shape to the side, measuring 28.9mm in length and 11.0mm in thickness and projecting c.15mm. The casting flash is apparent both above and below the loop (where it is slightly to one side of the loop) and has been smoothed down.

The stop ridge has squared-corners and a depth on either side of c.8mm. It is 27.1mm wide and 12.7mm thick at this point (inside the flanges 8.9mm thick). At the old break (which has an H-shaped cross-section) it measures 26.2mm wide and 10.3mm thick.
The axehead measures 115.6mm in length, 39.0mm in max.width (across the loop), 31.4mm in max.thickness and weighs 268g (to the nearest 2g). It has a greyish-green patina with brighter green corrosion at the butt end and some pitting towards the cutting edge.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,268,,,31.4,115.6,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5884,Generated from computer mapping software,51.55191577,-1.16487958,HAMP-6F007F,,HAMP6F007F.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP6F007F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1014763.jpg
903392,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,410,"A copper alloy possible horse harness ring of Late Bronze Age to Roman date (c. 1000 BC - AD 410). The ring weighs 15.51g, measures 25.7mm in diameter (21.1mm internal diameter) and is 7.9mm thick. It is circular in shape with a 2.2mm wide rib running around the circumference. The interior surface features a circumferential ridge, to give a lozenge-shaped cross-section. Both edges are flanked by a 1.3mm wide rib. The object has a very smooth, shiny dark brown patina.

A ring with similar decoration recorded on this database is WILT-1A5240, of which the author writes 'Similar rings have been discovered in a number of Bronze Age hoards and have been suggested as horse harness fittings, as being part of the handles of a sheet-metal cauldron of Class A1 (Type Tul-na-cross) and Class B1 (Types Llyn Fawr, Ballyshannon and Castlederg) (Gerloff 2010, Pl. 17, 7b; Pl.32, 14a; Pl. 33, 14f-h; Pl. 34, 15d, Pl. 54, 33c and Pl. 66, 37g), or part of a chain from which a cauldron or other vessel was suspended over a fire'.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.51,,25.7,7.9,,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Hurstbourne Priors,SU4147,From finder,51.22073082,-1.41430842,HAMP-6F9658,,HAMP6F9658.jpg,Late Bronze Age - Roman ring,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP6F9658.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1014767.jpg
903513,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1700,"An early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axe head dating to the period circa 2100-1700 BC. The axe has a narrow butt that gradually expands in width towards the cutting edge. The axe widens more sharply where the sides meet the cutting edge. The cutting edge is convex. The butt is rectangular in cross-section and the blade's cross-section is a pointed oval shape. The end iof the butt is at an angle rather than straight, indicating that the axe head was broken in antiquity.



The blade is pitted badly on both sides. The object is similar in shape to axes Brithdir and Willerby metalwork class 4 axes, which date to the period c. 2100 - c. 1700 BC.



Overall length: 85mm; blade width: 52.3mm; Thickness: 10.8mm; Weight: 154.35g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,154.35,,,10.8,85,1,Phil Hughes,Phil Hughes,East Midlands,Leicestershire,North West Leicestershire,Ravenstone with Snibstone,SK3912,From finder,52.70427225,-1.42425559,DENO-830FF8,,DENO830FF8.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe head,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO830FF8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1024086.jpg
903818,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1600,-401,"A copper-alloy biconical bead of sub-circular to oval shape dating to the Bronze Age, probably middle Bronze Age to early Iron Age. This bead weighs 6.78g. It measures 15.9mm x 14.7mm transversely across the perforation and has a 'height', on the same axis as the perforation, of 9.9mm. The external surfaces of the bead are smooth, polished and undecorated. One side has a small irregular shaped depression at the mid point in the height. This area measures 4.7mm x height 3.1mm and is probably most likely to be the result of a casting imperfection rather than post-production damage.



The perforation is circular in shape with a diameter of 4.9mm on one side. On the opposing side the perforation has a diameter of 5.6mm. Much of the internal perforation wall is cylindrical with relatively vertical sides. However, on the side where there is an external surface depression, the perforation wall is significantly concave. This considerably reduces the thickness of the bead's wall at this location. An area of approximately 1.3mm diameter is so thin that it must have almost broken through to form a hole.



The metal is a relatively dark colour. XRF anaylsis (uncalibrated) confirms the presence of: Tin - 39.5%, Copper - 33.4%, Antimony - 9.8%, Lead - 8.3%, Iron - 7.1%, Arsenic - 1.2%, Silver - 0.8%.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-05-12T23:00:00Z,2018-05-12T23:00:00Z,,,6.78,9.9,15.9,,,1,Helen Fowler,Helen Fowler,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Huntingdonshire,Great Gransden,TL2857,From a paper map,52.1963842,-0.12866928,CAM-DD9C51,,CAMDD9C51.jpg,A copper-alloy biconical bead of sub-circular to oval shape.,Cambridgeshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hfowler/CAMDD9C51.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1016388.jpg
903865,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"Mid to late Bronze Age blade fragment, 87mm long, 27mm wide and 6mm thick with a weight of 55.95g. The object is rectangular in form and pointed oval in cross section. It is incomplete on all sides but has a visible bevel c.2mm away from the present edge along one long edge (far right as shown) The cross section has a wide central section 6mm thick and then it gently thins down to c. 2mm at the present edges.","
Donated to Leicestershire Museums by the finders widow, Mrs C. Naylor.
",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,1990-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,55.95,,,6,87,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Rothley,SK5812,Centred on parish,52.70257418,-1.14309312,LEIC-E7112F,,LEICE7112F.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy blade fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEICE7112F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1015020.jpg
904085,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A (probably later) Bronze Age (c.1150-800 BC) copper alloy tanged awl, with both tang and pointed end slightly bent. The center of the awl is circular in cross-section, tapering to a rectangular-sectioned tang and circular-sectioned tip.

The total length of the awl is 75.3mm, with the circular cross-section 4.3mm in diameter and a weight of 6.02g. The tang measures 2.4mm in width and 0.6mm in thickness, and the pointed end 1.0mm in diameter. The patina is greeny-brown in colour and a little rough.
The form of the awl does not change much through time and similar objects are also noted in the Roman period and possibly later.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.02,,4.3,,75.3,1,Nicholas Mead,Nicholas Mead,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Cliddesden,SU6448,From finder,51.22761103,-1.08483314,HAMP-EC41E6,,HAMPEC41E6.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMPEC41E6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1019551.jpg
904134,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1150,"TREASURE CASE 2018 T373. Description: An incomplete strip of decorated gold, of probable Bronze Age dating (c. 2150 BC to c. 1150 BC). The strip is an oval/ellipse shaped band that tapers towards the possible terminals. The terminals have a corrugated appearance consisting of three or four peaks and troughs, each created length-ways for approximately one quarter of the object&#39;s length. The central section of the band is undecorated but, like the rest of the object, displays a number of scuffs and striations to both surfaces. There is evidence of a fold at either end of the corrugation and a third diagonal fold across the centre of the object. The finder reported that he unfolded the object himself, thinking at first that it was modern foil.

Dimensions: 53.3mm long, 13.3mm wide, 0.5mm thick, 3.5 grams.

Discussion: It is difficult to identify the object as a particular object type, although it may belong to a range of ribbon, or strip ornaments of Bronze Age date. A number of parallels have been recorded through the Portable Antiquities Scheme (Northfleet, Kent: Treasure Case 2004 T326, Brixton Deverill, Wiltshire: 2006 T250, Gussage-all-Saints, Dorset: 2013 T428, Roche, Corwall: 2014 T39 and Wantage, Oxon 2013 T674). As Dr S. Needham pointed out in the report for Brixton Deverill (2006 T250): &#39;a range of ribbon, or strip ornaments in gold are known from the British Bronze Age, including for torcs, bracelets and small fittings&#39;.

Conclusion: This fragment has a precious metal content of greater than 10% and is, on the balance of probabilities, of prehistoric date. It therefore qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996).",,3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2018-04-08T00:00:00Z,,2018T373,,3.5,,,0.5,53.3,1,,Anni Byard,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Whitchurch Canonicorum,SY3797,,50.76914904,-2.89474598,OXON-FC8972,,2018395.jpg,Bronze Age ribbon: Ribbon,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2018395.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1046811.jpg
904492,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"A very worn, cast copper-alloy possible awl dating from the middle Bronze-Age to Roman periods, c. 1500 BC - 410 AD. 



Description: The object is broadly a thin pointed oval shape in plan, wider in the centre and narrowing towards each end. One end is broken and the other end comes to a worn and rounded point. It is circular in section along most of its length, but flattening towards the pointed end to become oval in section.



Measurements: Length 52.93mm: Diameter at widest point 4.98mm: Weight 4.86g



Discussion: Very similar awls are recorded as PUBLIC-C02189, SUR-1DDDA9, WILT-776792 and NLM-146403",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-04T00:00:00Z,,,,4.86,,4.98,,52.93,1,Tom Redmayne,Tom Redmayne,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Fulstow,TF3496,GPS (from the finder),53.4437402,0.01604987,PUBLIC-523EE7,,2018_0209_130945AA.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy awl,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tomredmayne/2018_0209_130945AA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1015632.jpg
904623,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age socketed spearhead dating to the period c. 1500 - 900 BC. The mouth of the socket is broken around its circumference; all breaks heavily abraded. The majority of the blade is missing, also due to old breaks, as is the tip of the spearhead. The conical socket exhibits a single drilled peg or rivet hole on one side. The metal has a slivery sheen, indicating a high tin content.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-07-04T23:00:00Z,2018-03-07T00:00:00Z,,,14.3,,20.5,,43,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Northwold,TL7497,From finder,52.54304817,0.56445335,NMS-5624A2,,62791_5624A2_MBA_Spearhead.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/62791_5624A2_MBA_Spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1096422.jpg
904626,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,700,"A copper-alloy casting jet with the remains of a runner below probably dating to the Bronze-Age. 



Description: The jet is derived from casting in bronze. It is sub-oval in plan, unevenly concave on its upper surface and convex on its underside representing the depression in the clay or other mould material which was filled with molten metal. Projecting from the convex underside is the remaining short stub of an irregularly-shaped runner. There is possibly the remains of another runner, represented now by just a slight oval bump on the underside next to the existing runner. The jet has an uneven, irregular surface with an even, mid-green-brown patina.



Measurements: Length 16.34mm: Width 13.28mm: Thickness 9.56mm: Weight 6.38g



Discussion: Another casting jet dating to the Bronze-Age is also recorded from the same site LIN-0735F7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-04T00:00:00Z,,,,6.38,,,9.56,16.34,1,Tom Redmayne,Tom Redmayne,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Fulstow,TF3496,GPS (from the finder),53.4437402,0.01604987,PUBLIC-57BD52,,2018_0604_152623AA.jpg,Bronze-Age casting jet,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tomredmayne/2018_0604_152623AA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1015709.jpg
904784,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-750,"A fragment of cast copper-alloy spearhead, likely dating to the Middle Bronze Age (III) or Late Bronze Age - likely from the Wilburton, Blackmoor / Ewart Park phases. c.1200-750 BC.



Description: The fragment represents most of the spear's upper section and is missing only part of the point. It is long, tapering and narrowing, with a very high angular midrib flanked by moulded channels. The fragment is very warped and bent, typical of intentional 'killed' bronze age objects, leaving it almost S-shaped in profile. On one side of the edge there is another possible intentional bend. The break at the point and towards the butt end are both jagged but worn and patinated. At the butt end break it is shown to be hollow indicating it would have been socketed. The fragment is patinated a dark brown colour with very sparse tiny green speckles. There is a red concretion in parts of the moulded midrib channel.



Measurements: 95.96mm long, 20.35mm wide (at widest remaining), 9.86mm thick (at thickest remaining point) and 33.23g in weight.



Discussion: Peter Reavill (FLO Herefordshire & Shropshire) comments 'Most Bronze Age spearheads are classified by blade shape or socket arrangements - so without those [there will be some uncertainty in classifying this example]. The blade is very large - given that this is just the upper part - so [dating cannot be narrowed further] than very late MBA (III) or LBA - Wilburton, Blackmoor / Ewart Park. so 1200-750. The blade though is very narrow and has a high mid-rib as well as raised flanking mouldings so would guess it is either a Davis Group 9 (1100 -975) Group 16 Lunate blade opening (1100- 800) or a Group 17 channelled blade (950-750). [It is likely that this fragment represents] the top 1/3 of the spearhead, [so when complete would have been a] massive one.



Matt Knight (pers. comms.) from National Museum Scotland has pointed out that the deformation of this object is certainly intentional and occurred when the object was heated, becoming plastic and then struck with a hammer causing some breakage but also the aforementioned deformation. This heated damage also explains why the breaks are not as jagged as one would expect from a cold break.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,33.23,,,9.86,95.96,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,Great Yeldham,TL7439,Generated from computer mapping software,52.0221296,0.53454026,KENT-68BED7,,KENT68BED7.jpg,Fragment of huge Bronze Age spear,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT68BED7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1015821.jpg
904817,Adze,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Bronze age copper alloy palstave adze 1500 - 1150BC. The length is 125mm, the width of blade is 28mm thickness 20mm and the weight 138.02g. The object is rectangular in form and cross section and is intact, with slight damage to its butt end and some of its surface.



The butt end is rectangular in form and triangular in cross section, with each face having a rectangular shaped recess with a raised border to contain the handle. The blade, which has an elongated triangular cross section, tapers in width from the point it joins the butt. Overall it is 20mm wide and rectangular in form, then flares out to form a curved cutting edge 28mm wide at its flared tip. On each narrow side, just below the butt recess, is a small triangular recess with a slightly raised border. Further along the blade edge are diagonal ridges/ripples formed at casting. The object is otherwise plain.



These are very rare objects, other examples are LEIC-58C955,  WAW-FLB395 and Wiltshire WILT-DBCAF4 and on this example Brendan O'Connor commented: 'This is a type known to Evans (Ancient bronze implements, p 85, figs 70-1). One of these is illustrated by Rowlands, The production and distribution of metalworking the Middle Bronze Age in southern Britain, pl 34, 1110'. Two further examples have been found in Crosby Ravensworth, Cumbria LANCUM-5CE338 and Gisburn in Lancashire LANCUM-64B7A.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-04T23:00:00Z,2018-04-04T23:00:00Z,,,138.02,,,,125,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Horton,SD8550,Centred on parish,53.94588458,-2.23001903,LANCUM-697908,,LANCUM697908.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM697908.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1015837.jpg
905076,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"Bronze Age (c. 1600 to 800 BC) axe or chisel blade fragment: An incomplete blade portion of the copper alloy axe or chisel remains. The blade is triangular in section, has a straight side to the corner of the blade. The break behind the blade is not recent.   with the broken edge traversing the axe revealing a short portion of the socket. The blade has traces of a shiny brown patina with a pitted surface.



The fragment measures 18.56mm in length, 29.51mm in width and 6.8mm at the thickest point, and weighs 10.21g.



The fragment is possibly a Bronze Age chisel or axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-01T00:00:00Z,2018-02-18T00:00:00Z,,,10.21,,,6.8,18.56,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Pershore,SO9346,From a paper map,52.11227863,-2.10363329,WAW-7E655C,,WAW7E655C.jpg,Bronze Age chisel or axe fragment (profile and plan).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW7E655C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1016219.jpg
905404,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-900,"
An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spear, dating from the mid/late Bronze Age period. The spear is very worn, and would probably have been broader. The tip of the spear is blunt, as well as the blades. The blade wings are abraded and irregular, with the socket being broken, with small pieces of wood still inside. The damage to the socket may have occured before post-deposition, possibly from the result of action of some sort.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,10,18,1,Thomas Brown-Warr,Thomas Brown-Warr,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Threekingham,TF0736,Generated from computer mapping software,52.91078368,-0.41032641,PUBLIC-A8019C,,PUBLICA8019C.jpg,Late Bronze Age copper alloy spear,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/PUBLICA8019C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1016804.jpg
905630,Votive Model,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-500,"~~A complete Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age copper alloy votive model of a miniature wheel dated to c. 1000-500 BC. The wheel is circular in plan with a trapezoidal shaped 'axel' from which four spokes radiate before joining the outer rim. The rim of the wheel and the spokes are rectangular in cross section. There is a circular perforation in the centre of the axle which appears to have been drilled. The upper corners of the model are slightly rounded while the reverse are angular.



On the record for HESH-C53CF4, which is very similar to this example, Peter Reavill writes:



""This form of artefact is relatively rare and the PAS has only recorded one other example from Thimbleby, Lincolnshire (DENO-0BBA52). Images of this artefact were sent to Dr Adam Gwilt at NMGW, Cardiff. Dr Gwilt suggested that similar comparable artefacts had been recorded in the late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age assemblage from the votive site at Flag Fen, Peterborough, amongst the Iron Age Salisbury hoard, and also the Hounslow Hoard. ""



See KENT-9348EE, KENT-70F063, PUBLIC-7D1FFC and HESH-C53CF4 for similar examples.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,2018-01-07T00:00:00Z,,,1.49,,,1.2,18,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Milton-under-Wychwood,SP2516,From finder,51.842048,-1.63852732,GLO-E82DE1,,GLOE82DE1.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOE82DE1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1019241.jpg
905797,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1550,410,"An incomplete copper-alloy arrowhead or spearhead of unknown date, probably middle Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 1000 BC or possibly later into the Roman period. Only the tip of the spear remains which is triangular in plan and lozenge in section with mid-ribs. No socket is present. An insufficient portion of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-11T00:00:00Z,,,Wendlebury #1,2.9,,,,33.1,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Merton,SP5719,GPS (from the finder),51.8666749,-1.17358811,BERK-FABE5E,,436BERKFABE5EArrowtip.jpg,Roman: Arrow Tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bertie123/436BERKFABE5EArrowtip.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1016528.jpg
906167,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-700,"Fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy axe, cutting edge with ancient breaks, loss of surface and corrosion. Extant length 25mm. Extant width 35mm. Extant thickness 7mm. Weight 20.84g. c. 2350 - c.700 BC.



(Finder's number AD 496)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-20T00:00:00Z,2018-04-15T23:00:00Z,,,20.84,,,7,25,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Swannington,TG1418,,52.71731053,1.16702019,NMS-22A434,,62702_22A434_BA_AxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Bronze Age axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/62702_22A434_BA_AxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156110.jpg
906377,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Socketed Axehead of Late Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC). The object is a portion of the haft-end of a socketed axe.  The retained fragment is one of the sides of the mouth of the socket. The outer edge of the object has a raised lip with a longitudinal raised mid rib.





The metal is a mid-brown in colour with areas of green corrosion.





Length: 20.40mm, Width: 18.24mm, Thickness: 5.79mm, Weight: 7.5g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.5,,,5.79,20.4,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Little Houghton,SP8159,From finder,52.22326046,-0.81563604,NARC-397413,,NARC397413.jpg,NARC-397413 : Socketed Axehead : Bronze Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC397413.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017024.jpg
906379,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy axehead of Bronze Age. The retained portion of the object is the cutting edge of the axehead. The blade edge is mostly intact and has a convex curve. The fragment has a broadly rectangular cross-section at the break. The object tapers outward from the cutting edge.





The metal is a mid-green in colour with a predominantly smooth patina.





Length: 28.31mm, Width: 8.20mm, Thickness: 4.18mm, Weight: 3.0g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3,,,4.18,28.31,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Little Houghton,SP8159,From finder,52.22326046,-0.81563604,NARC-398382,,NARC398382.jpg,NARC-398382 : Axehead : Bronze Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC398382.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017025.jpg
906384,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier, of Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC). The object is rectangular in plan and a pointed oval in cross section. It is incomplete on all sides but has a visible bevel along the left and right hand edges away from the mid-rib. The cutting edges have been extensively broken and abraded.





The metal is a mid-green in colour with a slightly pitted patina.





Length: 42.00mm, Width: 16.01mm, Thickness: 4.97mm, Weight: 13.40g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.4,,,4.97,42,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Little Houghton,SP8159,From finder,52.22326046,-0.81563604,NARC-39935B,,NARC39935B.jpg,NARC-39935B : Blade : Bronze Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC39935B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017027.jpg
906386,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy Socketed Axehead of Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC). The object is rectangular in shape and it has an L-shaped cross section. The longer of the two retained sides retains the casting seam and a circumferential raised lip. The external shape and the internal mould suggest that the fragment comes from the socketed portion of the object.





The metal is green in colour with a pitted and corroded in patina.





Length: 28.43mm, Width: 21.90mm, Thickness: 6.29mm, Weight: 4.20g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.2,,,6.29,28.43,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Little Houghton,SP8159,From finder,52.22326046,-0.81563604,NARC-399F47,,NARC399F47.jpg,NARC-399F47 : Socketed Axehead : Bronze Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC399F47.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017028.jpg
906389,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-300,"An incomplete copper alloy ""Moustache-shaped"" object probably of Middle Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age date (1500-300 BC). The object consists of two pointed drop-shaped elements (both points partially lost), D-shaped in cross-section and joined at their widest point, by a longitudinally recessed oval neck. There are multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper face on both domed sides of the object, the tapering lower parts are plain. The two moustache tips or prongs flare slightly outwards and terminate with a small rounded knop. The central neck section of the object is plain and undecorated but the underside (between the two prongs) has a sub-circular perforation, believed to facilitate the attachment of the object.





The metal is a mid-green in colour with a smooth patina.





Length: 17.08mm, Width: 17.34mm, Thickness: 5.17mm, Weight: 9.30g.","These moustache-like objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (Current Archaeology March 2012, Issue 264, 35). Some are 'single' examples while others are 'double' like this example, the drop-shaped elements often extending downwards rather more than outwards, for example YORYM-1AA0C5, SF-520513, HAMP-6F4C45, BERK-C3E5A3 and BH-AA1CBE.

The open area at the centre of the object suggests it was meant to top something that fitted into this gap. Descriptions of other moustache-like objects with similar perforations describe iron corrosion or wood mineralisation around the perforation. Although very similar to wing-shaped chapes, it seems unlikely they had a similar function, as the perforation (and size of the object) is comparably small.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.3,,,5.17,17.08,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Little Houghton,SP8159,From finder,52.22326046,-0.81563604,NARC-39B60B,,NARC39B60B.jpg,NARC-39B60B : Moustace object : Bronze Age to Iron Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC39B60B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017029.jpg
906468,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1300,"An incomplete copper-alloy flanged Ulrome type axehead of middle Bronze Age date, c.AD 1600 - 1300 BC. Acton Park II / Taunton phase.



The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan with a rounded butt end which extends to a curved cutting edge with splayed crescentic blade.



Two integral lateral lozenge shaped flanges are present along either side, rising steadily from the butt, rounding off at the apex midway along the body, before sloping steadily back down to the blade.



Each tip of the flanges curve slight in toward the body of the axe, though one tip is lost to a worn break. The exterior surfaces of the flanges have been filed smooth leaving no visible casting lines.



A slight steepening to the profile of the axe is present where the flanges meet the body representing a very slight stop-ridge.



The metal has a dark brown patina with some bubbly green corrosion, possibly signs of bronze disease. The axehead is 106.5mm long, 45.9mm wide at the blade, 25.3mm wide at the butt end, 27.9mm thick at the widest point of the flanges, 13.3mm thick at the widest point of the main body and weighs 188g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,188,,,13.3,106.5,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Rillington,SE8475,From finder,54.16394138,-0.71496725,YORYM-3DE6DE,,DR0158.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/DR0158.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1018455.jpg
906617,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-800,"A complete, Bronze age copper-alloy tanged awl (c. 1250-800 BC). The tanged section has been flattened and tapers down to a squared, bent end with a rectangular cross-section. The awl which has six facets of uneven width, tapering down to a point. Length 96.1mm. Width 8.5mm, Thickness 7.5mm. Weight 18.15g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-05-05T23:00:00Z,,,,18.15,,,7.5,96.1,1,Catherine Falkner,Catherine Falkner,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Quainton,SP7421,Generated from computer mapping software,51.88266115,-0.92630854,DENO-799B6C,,DENO799B6C.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO799B6C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1020829.jpg
906779,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. Only the blade edge survives intact, the remainder now missing due to old breaks. The blade edge narrows to a flat tip, still relatively sharp, and is curved in form with expanded sides that narrow in towards the main section of the axe. In cross section the axe head is rectangular in plan and is hollow, showing the beginnings (or end) of a socket. The fragment has a light blue-green patina but much of this original surface is missing from one side of the blade. This is a fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, possibly from the Ewart Park phase of metalwork c. 1000 - 800 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.9,,,10.6,23.4,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Uffington,SU3085,From a paper map,51.56308501,-1.56861104,OXON-8DE7C8,,2018445.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe: Axe fragment,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2018445.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017443.jpg
906884,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1200,"Cast copper alloy unlooped palstave axe probably dating to the Middle Bronze Age palstave 1450 to 1200BC. The axe shares similarities with the Taunton metalwork assemblage and Hotham related to the palstaves of the Acton Park metalwork assemblage to which it bears some resemblance similar to Needham et al fig 140 (1985) and Read (1995: p.3 fig 9 ). The axe is almost complete with a length of 123mm. The butt is slightly concave and has a width of 20mm. The flanges are flat, longiform in plan, straight and parallel as far as the stop, with a width of 20mm. The blade is flaring 42mm wide with a slightly bevelled facet possibly as a result of hammering. The septum is pronounced with a central rib down the length of the blade and the edge of the butt maybe slightly broken. The axe has a green patina with green colouration in patches and there are various nicks along the length. The axe is 20mm wide and there are no traces of casting flashes on the flange facets which must have been filed away and the weight is 171.06g. The axe is warped and may have been miscast. The axe share similarities with, NMGW-D73AD4 and NMGW-FAACD2.

The palstave shares typological features with Group I and Group II palstaves, the primary forms introduced to Britain in the Middle Bronze Age (Schmidt and Burgess 1981). As there are no side loops but it has a midrib, this palstave may be relatively early, probably a Group I type from the Acton Park phase of Bronze Age metalwork, c1450-1300BC.

Schmidt and Burgess tell us that the term 'palstave' is misleading, as it comes from the Icelandic 'Paalstab' meaning a digging tool, not a type of axe. The term is used in British archaeology to describe an axe where there is a stop and the flanges disappear into the stop. Palstaves are also thicker below the stop. They are usually decorated on the blade and, as time went on, developed loops. Group I palstaves have a shield-like decoration below the stop ridge and variable flanges.

The concentration of palstaves in the North West of England is explained by the proximity to the Acton Park province, the major production area in north Wales and the Marches

British Bronze Age metalwork. A1-6., Early Bronze Age hoards / by Stuart P. Needham, Andrew J. Lawson and H. Stephen Green. London : Published and distributed for the Trustees of the BritishMuseum by British Museum Publications, 1985. ISBN - 0714113808 (unbound)

Read, B. 1995. History Beneath Our Feet. Anglia Publishing, Ipswich

Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 119",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-06T23:00:00Z,2018-06-06T23:00:00Z,,,14.41,,,,39,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Pendle,Salterforth,SD8845,From finder,53.9010249,-2.18411487,LANCUM-91247A,,LANCUM91247A.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM91247A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017444.jpg
906999,Slag,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1150,1750,"An amorphic piece of copper alloy Slag of Unknown date (1150 BC-AD 1750). The surface is characterised by lumps and hollows. The slag has a deep green and brown colour with a pitted patina. The back of the object is flatted while the front is convex. Scientific analysis of the elemental composition of the copper alloy would allow a more accurate date to be suggested.





Length: 39.86mm, Width: 34.54mm, Thickness: 5.69mm, Weight: 13.9g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.9,,,5.69,39.86,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Brigstock,SP9383,From finder,52.43707111,-0.63338378,NARC-A547BB,,NARCA547BB.jpg,NARC-A547BB : Slag : Bronze Age-Post-Medieval,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCA547BB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017557.jpg
907130,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of the lower part of a copper alloy socketed looped axe dating from the Late Bronze Age, i.e. c. 1000-800BC. Possibly of plain South Eastern Type.



Description:



The fragment survives only as the blade end. The sides curve inwards from the curved crescent blade-edge, flaring in section to a rectangle. The break across the body is irregular. The surface of the axe is heavily mottled dark to light green to dark brown in patina and is heavily pitted by corrosion across its entirety. It looks like it was not faceted or had a ribbed decoration.



Masurements: 32.87mm long, 45.8mm wide, 15.54mm thick and 80.65g in weight",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,80.65,,,15.54,32.87,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Eythorne,TR2749,GPS (from the finder),51.19510472,1.24755845,KENT-B5A3A6,,KENTB5A3A6.jpg,Socketed Axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTB5A3A6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017675.jpg
907132,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head, probably dating to 1100-800 BC.



Description: The fragment survives only as the cutting edge and part of the long rectangular socketed body. The cutting edge survives intact, albeit heavily worn and runs in a very shallow convex curve, the blade tips flare slightly outwards. The surviving cross section of the socket is sub-oval. The remaing body appears to be undecorrated although with such little remaining it is not possible to be sure althoguh part of a casting seam. The axhead is patinated a mid green and the breaks have lead to more extensive corrosion.



Measurements: Length: 30.5mm, Width: 28.45mm, Thickness: 13.31mm, Weight: 21.36g.



Discussion: Although the fragment is too small to be certain, it probably fits into the Ewart park or Wilburton metal working groups, giving it a date of 1100-800 BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981: 119).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.31,,,15.54,30.5,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Swale,Selling,TR0356,GPS (from the finder),51.26699102,0.90852308,KENT-B614D9,,KENTB614D9.jpg,Socketted axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTB614D9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017676.jpg
907145,Armlet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A copper alloy armlet or bracelet probably dating from the Later Bronze Age, about 1000 BC - 800 BC. It is a penannular loop with flared, expanding terminals. These are close together, leaving a gap of only about 4-6mm between them. Each terminal is circular and the ends are concave or hollow. The inner face of one terminal is rough and corroded and has gravel adhering to the concretion. The outer sides of the terminals are straight, flaring from the armlet hoop to the widest point of the terminals at the very end. The hoop is mainly D shaped in cross section and varies in diameter. It is c.12mm diameter immediately behind the terminals, swelling to c.18mm diameter at the side of the hoop opposite the terminals. The overall plan is D-shaped, the terminals being in the middle of the straight edge. It has been suggested that the original shape of the bracelet has been changed, as the terminals are unusually close to each other. There are some short shallow grooves on the inside of the hoop, near one of the terminals, and parallel to the end of the terminal. These are worn and patinated. The surface is mainly smooth and worn, with a few small pits, and has a turquoise green patina, with some areas of golden olive green. The armlet is 113.4mm long, 88.8mm wide (from terminals to the outer side of the hoop) and 24mm thick across the terminals. The internal measurements are 83.2mm long and 48.6mm wide from the terminal to the inner edge of the apex. 362g. The artefact was recovered from a quarry and has been through a washing plant where it would have been scrubbed with sand. This may account for the smooth, worn surface, but the fact that not all the patina has been removed suggests that it was a well developed patina originally. The small areas of olive green colouration may indicate the original colour.



This object could also be a Post Medieval to Modern West African manilla or currency bar such as WMID-22DE66, LANCUM-41B6C5 or LIN-E37002, but all of these previously recorded on the PAS database have solid, teardrop shaped terminals, and a more open, horseshoe like shape in plan. However, it remains a possibility that this is a manilla of different style. The depth and uniformity of the patina argues against this interpretation.



A good parallel but in gold rather than copper alloy is HAMP-5E48D1. Photographs of the copper alloy armlet were sent to several specialists. Adam Gwilt (National Museum of Wales) suggested that there is a tendancy for bronze versions of objects that are usually gold to be more common in Western and Northern Britain and provided a reference that touches on this: Gwilt et al (2005) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevalyn Farm, Rossett, Wrexham, with Some Obvervations on Hoarding Practice and Gold Bracelet Weights"" in Studia Celtica XXXIX (2005), pages 27 - 61. He also noted that the squashed oval form looked atypical and suggested that the terminals may have been pushed inwards, perhaps deliberately before deposition. He suggested that the shape of the terminals are possible for the Late Bronze Age, though this example has chunky proportions.



Julia Farley (British Museum) agreed that the patina was plausibly Bronze Age or Iron Age, and Neil Wilkin (British Museum) was also prepared to entertain a Late Bronze Age date, citing a pair of slightly more slender copper alloy pennannular bracelets with expanded terminals recovered in a cache of Late Bronze Age (Ewart Park / Carp's Tongue) metalwork at Minster in Thanet, Kent which were excavated in 2010 - 2011 (MOLA Excavation Report: 'Prehistoric and Roman settlement at Tothill Street, Minster in Thanet, Kent' downloaded from www.kentarchaeology.org.uk). He did point out that the terminals are closer together than the Thanet examples, and the shape is more kidney-shaped.



In conclusion, this object is likely to be a Late Bronze Age armlet that has been distorted, perhaps deliberately, and one that has been made in copper alloy rather than the more usual gold.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2018-05-21T23:00:00Z,2018-05-21T23:00:00Z,,,362,,,24,113.4,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,North Stainley with Sleningford,SE3076,From finder,54.17891154,-1.54186705,SWYOR-B6E981,,3171_Armlet_1.jpg,Late Bronze Age armlet,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/3171_Armlet_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1017687.jpg
907267,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"Copper-alloy cast chisel of probable Bronze Age date (c. 2350 - 801BC).



The item is composed of a waisted portion with a curved end comprising the chisel edge, and a tapering square sectioned length emerging from the opposite side.



The joint between the emergent square sectioned length and the chisel 'body' is the thickest part of the item.



Dimensions: weight: 9.5g, length: 41.9mm, width: 12.2mm, thickness: 9.8mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.5,,,9.8,41.9,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,White Notley,TL7918,From finder,51.83192819,0.59641978,ESS-BB59D5,,ESSBB59D5.jpg,Bronze Age miniature chisel,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESSBB59D5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1020753.jpg
907324,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2250,-1900,"A very worn and incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age date (c. 2200 - 2000 BC).



The flat axe is broadly sub triangular in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slightly tapering edges. In cross section the axe is rectangular. One long edge is curved and the opposite is relatively flat. 



The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through either abrasion or wear, as has the blade edge itself. A distinct blade facet is not present; it has been lost through abrasion. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on any surface of the axe. However, almost all of the original patina has been lost through laminating corrosion.  The axe is a mid green colour; where damage has occurred there is a light green active corrosion product present. The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge). Closest parallel is no 67, discovered at Hill of Finglenny. The axe is similar in size to HESH-ACD6C1 which is described as potentially small in length. 



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



The object measures 89.6 mm in length, 42.9 mm in width at the blade end, thickness is 5.7 mm and the object weighs 77.6 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Leintwardine,SO3875,From finder,52.36952266,-2.91204911,WMID-CC7526,,WMIDCC7526.jpg,A Bronze Age Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WMIDCC7526.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1022774.jpg
907665,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"A cast copper alloy, Bronze Age (c. 1500-1000 BC) looped (missing), palstave axe head. The axe head comprises a curved, fan shaped cutting edge, which has suffered damage and corrosion. This tapers back in a curve to the stop ridge, before levelling out to form the rest of the axe. There is a prominent vertical rib running down the centre of the blade on both faces, from the stop ridge, to within approximately 20mm from the blade's edge, this is mirrored by two slighter ribs running either side, along the blades edges. Casting seams are visible along both sides of the axe head. Just below the stop ridge are traces of where the loop would have been situated. Below the stop ridges, on either side, are very slight flanges, which taper and then disappear towards the butt of the object. The area between these flanges is slightly curved in profile, with trace of an unidentied material on one side. Areas of the axe head are delaminating, with flaking on parts of the surface.","
This object has been treated by the finder, by coating in olive oil. The object has been passed to the University of Lincoln for conservation.
",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2018-05-19T23:00:00Z,,,,215.7,,,27,122.26,1,Catherine Falkner,Catherine Falkner,East Midlands,Derbyshire,South Derbyshire,Hilton,SK2630,GPS (from the finder),52.86685713,-1.61521988,DENO-22E8C5,,DENO22E8C5.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO22E8C5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1020337.jpg
907678,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1150,1100,"An incomplete copper alloy possible awl of uncertain date, possibly dating to the Late Bronze Age - Medieval period, 1150 BC - AD.1100. The object is a single cast chisel with a flat bladed terminal that widens towards the middle of the piece before tapering down to a point which is now worn. There is no decoration on the object and it has an dark red brown patina. Small chisels and tools of this type were used for an extensive period of time, not simply in the Bronze age, but also in later periods for jewellery making and fine work. As such dating the object is difficult. The awl measures 50.3mm in length, 6.6mm in thickness, and weighs 7.14g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-27T23:00:00Z,,,,7.14,,,6.6,50.3,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Milton Keynes,Milton Keynes,Haversham-cum-Little Linford,SP8343,GPS (from the finder),52.07914794,-0.79026831,BUC-23F078,,BUC23F078.jpg,Bronze age to Medieval awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC23F078.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1018104.jpg
907944,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast copper alloy Unidentified object, possibly a fragment of metalworking debris dating to the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC). The object is sub-rectangular in shape with one vertical groove which runs the length of the upper face. The groove creates two rounded ovate ridges. The other side of the object is undecorated and slightly rounded. The object terminates in a transverse beak at either end.



The metal is light green in colour with areas of dark green and a predominantly smooth patina.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: KENT-A1C3D4



Length: 17.18mm, Width: 16.65mm, Thickness: 5.16mm, Weight: 5.1g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.1,,,5.16,17.18,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Leckhampstead,SP7338,From finder,52.03560941,-0.9372273,NARC-4B1D2C,,NARC4B1D2C.jpg,NARC-4B1D2C : Unidentified Object : Bronze Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC4B1D2C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1018331.jpg
907997,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe in fairly fresh condition with prominent casting seams, slightly asymmetrical cutting edge, V-shaped break in upper edge of socket. Greyish metal indicating a probable high tin content in the alloy. Length 81mm. Width of cutting edge 46mm. Weight 164.79g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-15T23:00:00Z,2018-04-16T23:00:00Z,,,164.79,,,,81,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Foulsham,TG0325,,52.78438563,1.00873576,NMS-4CCC22,,22972_4CCC22_LBA_Axehead.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/22972_4CCC22_LBA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1140557.jpg
908046,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Addendum to a previously known hoard find from the same site (ESS-F8865B / 2015 T113), known as the 'Blackwater Hoard'. This assemblage is comprised of 13 separate artefacts, all made of copper-alloy and very likely from the same deposit as the initial hoard and adds to the subsequent addenda found on the site since the initial discovery (ESS-D0E1B5 / 2017 T301).




	

		

			
 

			

			
Description

			

			

			
Dimensions

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
1

			

			

			
Incomplete copper-alloy socketed axe with flared blade edges. Two raised ridges are present on the upper and lower surface and a casting seam can be seen around the entire artefact. The socket rim is thicker and forms a collar around the socket hole. The patina is dark green to dark-brown, with patches of wear and unevenness.

			

			

			
Weight: 81.6g, length: 67.5mm, width: 40.3mm, height: 25.6mm, internal thickness: 1.8mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
2

			

			

			
Incomplete copper-alloy socketed axe blade tip. The blade tip is hollow and flares slightly at the edges. A casting seam is visible around the axe. The patina is dark green and worn in places.

			

			

			
Weight: 55.7g,


			
Length: 44.3mm, width: 34.8mm


			
Height: 18.0mm


			
Internal thickness:3.1mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
3

			

			

			
Fragment of a Later Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave or short-flanged axe. The fragment is from the butt portion of the axe and shows flanges that curve slightly inward on one edge. The cross section, if both flanges were intact, would be 'H'- shaped. There is a casting seam running down the centre of the remaining flange. The patina is dark green though the surface is heavily worn.

			

			

			
Weight: 70.2g,


			
Length: 68.3mm, width: 29.9mm,


			
Butt thickness: 6.8mm,


			
Flange width: 29.5mm, flange thickness: 4.1mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
4

			

			

			
Rectangular shaped fragment of copper-alloy, likely the side-wall of a large socketed axe. The patina is a light green and the surface is heavily eroded and worn.

			

			

			
Weight: 51.9g, length: 36.8mm, width: 37.5mm, thickness: 9.2mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
5

			

			

			
Fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axe. The fastening loop and part of the socket rim remains. The socket rim is thicker and forms a collar around the socket hole. There is also a moulded ridge delineating the socket rim portion from the rest of the butt, which ends just before the fastening loop. The patina is mostly light green with wear and abrasion particularly around the socket rim.

			

			

			
Weight: 21.7g, length: 41.8mm, width: 27.3mm, internal thickness: 3.8mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
6

			

			

			
Fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axe. Part of the fastening loop is still present, though much of the rim and butt portion are missing. There are at least three grooves present on the remaining surface of the butt. The patina is a dark green, and though worn in some places, is generally smooth

			

			

			
Weight: 14.3g, length: 34.4mm, width: 28.4mm, internal thickness: 3.2mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
7

			

			

			
Fragment of a rim portion from the butt of a copper-alloy socketed axe. There is a raised moulded ridge starting approx. 18mm from the socket rim edge. The patina is dark green and worn in places.

			

			

			
Weight: 11.1g, length: 24.3mm, width: 26.9mm, internal thickness: 3.5mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
8

			

			

			
Sub-rectangular copper-alloy sheet with three riveted holes spaced approximately 5.6-5.8mm apart from one another. It is likely that this item (along with no 9) forms part of a fitting, possibly a pommel fitting. There is one straight unbroken edge, and a curving edge which shows evidence of breakage on one side. The underside is worn and slightly concave, curving inward closer to the edges. The upper surface is smooth with a dark green patina. It was considered that this could be part of the shaft of a socketed knife, but the straight edge and the relative thinness of the artefact would suggest a plate fitting function, rather than being a fragment of a cylindrical item.

			

			

			
Weight: 3.4mm, length: 31.5mm, width: 14.0mm, thickness: 1.3mm, diameter of rivet holes: 2.8mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
9

			

			

			
Sub-rectangular copper-alloy sheet (similar to no 8). Like the above this item features an unbroken straight edge, the ends of which are connected to a curving edge. The edge of this item is slightly more damaged than that of no 8. There are three rivet holes, also spaced approx. 5.6 - 5.8mm apart from one another. It seems likely that this artefact was used in conjunction with number 8, probably as part of a pommel fitting. The underside is slightly concave and the surface is worn. The upper surface is smooth and has a dark green patina.

			

			

			
Weight: 3.1g, length: 33.8mm, width: 15.3mm, thickness: 1.0mm, diameter of rivet holes: 2.8mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
10

			

			

			
Copper-alloy blade tip, probably of a late Bronze Age rapier. The item is pointed oval in section, and tapers to a thin point. The opposite end terminated in a straight fracture. There is no evidence of a mid or side ribs on the blade tip. The patina is dark green and smooth.

			

			

			
Weight: 8.4g, length: 44.2mm, width: 12.2mm, thickness: 3.5mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
11

			

			

			
Fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axe. This is a small, sub-triangular shaped fragment of part of the socket rim portion of a socketed axe. The rim edge is the thickest part.

			

			

			
Weight: 5.6g, length: 17.1mm, width: 19.4mm, thickness (of rim): 5.3mm, internal thickness: 2.6mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
12

			

			

			
Copper-alloy socketed gouge or chisel of Late Bronze Age date. The tool is rounded at the butt portion though a rectangular shaped section is still visible, particularly when viewing the inside of the artefact. At the butt end the corners are much more rounded. Tapering toward the chisel point, the corners of the rectangular shaped tool become much more defined. The wider sides taper to a sharp triangular point, which meet the terminal of the shorter sides perpendicularly, forming a straight edge, creating a wedge like, sharp terminal. The socket rim is slightly flared and thicker on the edge. The external patina is dark green and generally smooth.

			

			

			
Weight: 32.6mm, length: 74.6mm, width (at rim): 16.1mm, thickness (at rim): 16.0mm, width (mid-section): 9.0mm, thickness (mid-section): 11.3mm

			

			
 

		

		

			

			
13

			

			

			
Copper-alloy casting waste. The surface is heavily abraded and worn

			

			

			
Weight: 1.2g, length: 18.6mm, width: 9.8mm, thickness: 5.3mm

			

			
 

		

	





All of the artefact exhibit features known to be present in later Bronze Age metal work hoard assemblages. Given the context of the finds, it is highly likely that they are part of the same deposit as the previously reported artefacts belonging to the 'Blackwater Hoard' and its subsequent addenda.","As the items are very likely part of a previously reported and declared hoard of Treasure items, these artefacts, too, should be considered Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996. They also qualify as Treasure in their own right, as a hoard or assemblage composed of two or more items of prehistoric date and of base metal composition. Verdict subject to Coroner's Inquest



Report by: Sophie Flynn, Essex FLO, 29.01.2019",3,Copper alloy,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2018T456,,,,,,,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Maldon,Langford,TL8409,From finder,51.74947351,0.66413152,ESS-4E0184,,2018T456image.jpg,Bronze Age hoard addenda,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/2018T456image.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1048765.jpg
908174,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"Cast copper alloy awl. The the awl is sub-circular in cross-section and is faceted longitudinally. It tapers to a point at both ends. One end is slightly thicker than the other and is damaged and corroded.
Date: Bronze Age - c. 2150 - 800 BC
Dimensions: 47.62 mm x 6.62 mm
Weight: 5.77g



Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but ones of this form are known to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.77,,6.96,,47.62,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Portesham,SY6486,From finder,50.67254313,-2.51081423,DOR-9C4AB8,,DOR9C4AB8.jpg,Copper alloy awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR9C4AB8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1018805.jpg
908730,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"Copper alloy axe head fragment. A tiny chip from the end of the cutting edge of a cast axe head, possibly parted from its matrix at the site of a casting flaw. The cutting edge was crescentic with abrupt ends, though too little remains to firmly ascribe this scrap to a particular type. Suggested date: Middle to Late Bronze Age, 1600-800 BC.



Height: 18.2mm, Width: 9.5mm, Thickness: 5mm, Weight: 2.59gms",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-05-19T23:00:00Z,,,,2.59,18.2,,5,,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Winterton,SE9318,Centred on field,53.65024426,-0.59446843,NLM-CD7254,,NLM39742.jpg,Bronze Age Axehead fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM39742.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1019004.jpg
908979,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed, side-looped spearhead, dating from the early Middle Bronze Age (c.1550-1250 BC). The spear can probably be assigned to Davis's Group 7 'Special Side Looped'. The object has a broken blade of indented quadrilateral section. There is a prominent longitudinal mid-rib on both sides of the spear blade and abraded cutting edges. Approximately one third of the blade has been broken off. The socketed end of the spear measures 15.76mm in diameter. The single side loop towards the base of the socketed end has since broken away. There is a hole on one face of the object in the centre of the of the blade wings at the base, which appears to have been formed through corrosion in antiquity. Much of the original surface has corroded and is lost; however, that which survives has a dark brown patina. The remainder of the object has a mottled dark-mid green patina.



Similar examples recorded on the PAS database include: LIN-1CDF13 and DUR-C7E2A6.



The overall dimensions are as follows: 86.42mm in length, 22.68mm in width, 18.55mm in thickness and 45.71g in weight.



Reference



Davis R (2017) Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.5; A Short Guide to Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,45.71,,,18.55,86.42,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Worfield,SO7697,From finder,52.57028854,-2.35553637,WMID-E3E184,,WMIDE3E184.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age socketed, side-looped spearhead (front, profile, reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMIDE3E184.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1019748.jpg
908981,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper alloy scabbard chape dating to the late Bronze Age, 1150 - 800 BC. The chape is sub triangular or ogival in shape, and lozenge shaped in cross section. At the open end the chape curves upwards into two convex arms, creating a crescent shape. The outside edges curve down gradually to half way down the chape, before narrowing at a more steep angle. The chape terminates with a rounded knop, at the end of which is a circular hole and rivet to attach the knop. Running down the centre of the chape on both sides is a raised ridge, this slopes gradually down to the edge of the chape, this is raised round the outside edge of the object. On both sides at half-length there is a circular perforation to the right of the raised central ridge. The inside of the chape is hollow. The chape has a light green patina, with patches of brown and bronze showing through. It measures 85.2mm in length, 40.9mm in width, 14.4mm in thickness, and weighs 48.02g.



Similar scabbard chapes can be seen in Savory 1980, page 185, figure 37, number 56. These chapes are part of the Guilsfield hoard, and have been dated to the late Bronze Age. Similar records on the database include GLO-7C86FA and SOMDOR-9ADF54.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-17T23:00:00Z,,,,48.02,,,14.4,85.2,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Slapton,SP9221,GPS (from the finder),51.87998552,-0.66486746,BUC-E3E35D,,BUCE3E35D.jpg,Bronze Age scabbard chape,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCE3E35D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1019188.jpg
910006,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy spear tip probably dating from the Bronze Age circa 1700-800BC. Only the tip of the spearhead remains, which is triangular in shape, and lozenge in cross section with a worn midrib. This is the tip of the spearhead only and has a pronounced spine running down its centre, this is flanked by thin blades that taper to a fine point. The rear of the spear is truncated resulting in the loss of the socket and rear section of the blades. The break is worn. An insufficient amount of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-11T00:00:00Z,,,Wendlebury #1,5.7,,7,,28.5,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Merton,SP5719,GPS (from the finder),51.8666749,-1.17358811,BERK-726B33,,424bBERK726B33Speartip.jpg,Bronze Age: Spear: tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bertie123/424bBERK726B33Speartip.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1019828.jpg
910010,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy palstave axe dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. BC 1600-1400). The palstave is near-complete with only part of the broken butt missing. The palstave is roughly sub-rectangular in shape and flattens and flares outwards to form a wide rounded blade, giving the object a slender elongated sub-oval shaped cross-section. The butt is H-shaped in section and terminates towards the centre of the axe with shallow rounded stop-ridge and a peltate-shaped recess on both sides at right angles to the septum. The flanges are flat, sub-oval in plan, straight and parallel and extend all the way to the butt, with a central longitudinal casting ridge, one with a flattened globular miscast patch towards the cutting edge. The blade gradually flattens and to form a wide cutting edge that is heavily worn and pitted. One side of the blade is heavily pitted and scratched and has patches of green patina and iron-corrosion across sections of the flange and especially the recessed section of the butt. The opposite side of the axe is less corroded but has a wide diagonal scratch extending from the cutting edge to the adjacent flange.



The palstave axe measures 142mm in length. The blade is 61mm wide and 2mm thick at the cutting edge and the butt 22mm wide and 10mm thick and its end, and 22mm wide and 26mm thick at the stop. The axe weighs 325.13 grams.



This palstave shares characteristics with Group 1 Primary Shield Pattern palstaves from the Acton Park 1 of Bronze Age metalwork (as of Schmidt & Burgess 1981).



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-29T23:00:00Z,,,,325.13,,,26,142,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,"Aston, Cote, Shifford and Chimney",SP3503,GPS (from the finder),51.72463397,-1.49468843,BH-7281C8,,BH7281C8.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH7281C8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1020150.jpg
910170,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier, of Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC). The object is rectangular in plan and a pointed oval in cross section. It is incomplete on all sides but has a visible bevel along the left and right hand edges away from the mid-rib. The upper end has been broken transversely resulting in the loss of the butt end. The lower end tapers to a rounded point. There are some breaks and abrasion to both left and right hand edges.





Length: 133.61mm, Width: 22.93mm, Thickness: 6.50mm, Weight: 64.7g.





The metal is a dark green in colour with a predominantly smooth patina and some areas of light green corrosion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,64.7,,,6.5,133.61,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Creslow,SP8022,From finder,51.89082282,-0.8389255,NARC-878504,,NARC878504.jpg,NARC-878504 : Dager or Rapier : Bronze Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC878504.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1020023.jpg
910443,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A small copper alloy, perhaps miniature or 'model', Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead of Schmidt and Burgess 'unclassified low-flanged palstave' type with broad blade (group III) and without side loop, belonging to the Taunton phase of metalworking and corresponding to Needham's period 5, 1500-1150 BC. The flanges are a little worn (old damage) but the object is otherwise complete.

From the central stop ridge (13.5mm wide, 13.3mm thick) the blade has gently expanding straight sides, curving into a broad but flattish cutting edge 19.8mm wide (with possible old damage to one corner). Directly below the stop ridge on one face is a small hole 1.7mm deep, probably a bubble from the casting process. Below and running to the cutting edge are faint traces of a worn and wideish mid-rib. There are possible traces of this to the other face but it is not certain.

Above the stop ridge the butt end widens a little and narrows to 14.9mm x 1.9mm at the end, which is worn. The stop ridge projects 3.7mm above the butt end on either side.

The object measures 74.5mm in length, 19.9mm in max.width, 13.2mm in max.thickness and weighs 46.96g. The metal is dark grey in colour with some green patches, and is pitted on both faces. No casting flashes are visible to the sides of the object.

It is uncertain whether this object is a miniature axe intended for use (it seems rather small for axe-purpose but could have functioned as a wood-working too perhaps) or perhaps had use as a votive object; it is larger though in its 'model' form similar to miniature socketed axes (for eg. HAMP-657353) thought to have an amulet or votive function and believed to date between the Bronze Age to the Roman period (Robinson, P; 1995).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,46.69,,,13.2,74.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Rowlands Castle,SU7212,From finder,50.90299451,-0.97743794,HAMP-C8A4F8,,HAMPC8A4F8.jpg,Middle Bronze Age miniature palstave,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMPC8A4F8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1020417.jpg
910838,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, or tracer/awl. The object has a sub-rectangular shaft tapering at either and with an expanded central shaft. One end tapers to a narrowed and flattened rectangular sectioned terminal. The other end retains a sub-rectangular section and tapers in towards a rounded terminal.



Awls are usually simple, pointed ended tools in use from the beginning to the end of the Bronze Age (and possibly beyond).



The metal is green in colour with a pitted patina. Length: 52.42mm, Width: 5.98mm, Thickness: 5.88mm, Weight: 5.8g.","
The form of the awl does not change much through time and similar objects are also noted in the Roman period and possibly later.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.8,,,5.88,52.42,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Titchmarsh,TL0180,From finder,52.40869212,-0.51664896,NARC-DFF75F,,NARCDFF75F.jpg,NARC-DFF75F : Stylus : Roman-Medieval,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCDFF75F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1020515.jpg
911129,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1450,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unlooped palstave axehead of Schmidt and Burgess' Group I (Primary Shield Pattern), with a small amount of damage to the butt end, cutting edge and flanges. One face and two sides of the axehead retain much of the original shiny, smooth olive green-brown soloured patina. Elsewhere, where the patina is lost, the metal is rough, heavily pitted, and a blueish-green in colour. 

The blade is triangular in shape, the long edges a little in-curved and the cutting edge expanded (51.2mm wide). Visible on the face retaining its original patina, the cutting edge is bevelled and above this are shallow hammer markings/ workings. There is a little damage to one end of the cutting edge.

The stop ridge measures 24.2mm wide and 32.3mm in depth. Below this, and continuing as a line from the flange edges above, a rib on either side converges in a point at the top of the blade to give a triangular shield-shape. Just below the stop ridge, the top of the blade is waisted and measures 22.5mm wide and 24.5mm thick.

Above the stop ridge the flange edges running along the butt end of the axe slope upwards to a point c. one third of the way along the butt end before sloping downwards again for another third of the length where the flange becomes level with the butt end. At their highest point, the flanges have a depth of 36.9mm; however only one of these points survives undamaged so it is likley the original depth was c.38mm. Originally, the flanges would have had a distinctive lozengiform shape. To one side of the axehead these are badly damaged and motly missing (old damage). The butt end is 19.4mm wide and 6.6mm thick. One corner is missing (old damage).

To the sides of the axehead the casting flashes are visible in places, worn smooth. To one side, a pair of longitudinal grooves are visible just below the butt end. It is uncertain whether these are decorative or the remant of a worn casting flash.

The length from the butt end to the stop ridge is c.61mm. It is max.14.1mm deep (behind the stop-ridge - there is also a deepish hole at this point, a possible casting flaw) and 15.8mm wide inside the flanges behind the stop.

The axehead measures 145.1mm in length, max. 51.2mm wide (cutting edge) and 36.9mm thick (stop ridge). It weighs 384g (to the nearest 2g).



Group I types are of Acton Park 1 metalworking industry corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 4 and probably dated to c. 1600 - 1450BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-28T23:00:00Z,2018-04-28T23:00:00Z,,,384,,,36.9,145.1,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Worldham,SU7635,From finder,51.10926697,-0.91575418,HAMP-064990,,HAMP064990.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP064990.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1020891.jpg
911143,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age cast copper alloy palstave (axehead) with one side loop dating to BC 1300 to 1150.



The palstave has an old, irregular break at the butt. The septum is gradually thickens from 3.0 mm at the butt to 7.4 mm before the stop. The septum is 54.2 mm in length and 24.4 mm in width. The flanges gradually widen from the butt to the stop to a maximum of 31.4 mm on one side and 29.6 mm on the other side, creating a triangular shape in profile. The stop is angled forwards slightly at its centre and is thicker than the flanges at the centre at 31.3 mm. An integral loop survives on one side and measure 21.9 mm in length. The loop starts before the widest part of the flange and continues towards the blade side. On the other side, diametrically opposite to the loop and near to the flange top, is a shallow hole. The hole measure 4.7 mm in the inner diameter.



The elongated, narrow blade is sub-rectangular in section with curved sides that widen gradually towards the blade, before curving out at the blade tips to meet the convex curve of the blade edge. The blade thins from the stop to the edge. The broad faces of the blade are noticeable convex with a central ridge projecting down the blade from the stop. The blade is 62.0 mm in length from the stop ridge to the cutting edge and 21.7 mm in width across the stop ridge. The cutting edge is 35.9 mm in width and 2.8 mm in thickness, it is chipped and any edge bevel is now unclear.



The palstave appears plain and with a green-brown patina all around. Traces of the original surface remains on the loop, on the stop ridge and on one side of the blade.



The palstave measures 123.8 mm in length and weights 245.9 g.



The palstave dates in general to the Middle Bronze Age. The side loop and a much narrower blade tending towards oval in cross section suggest a late dating, from BC 1300 to 1150. A similar example from Salcombe, Devon (Knight, Ormod, Pearce 2015, no. 163b) is dated along with other materials from AC 1300 to 1150. Another example is from Maentwrog, Gwynedd (Savory 1980, no.178).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,123.8,1,Sabrina Ruffino,Sabrina Ruffino,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Selwood,ST7841,,51.16781579,-2.31603378,SOM-06B194,,SOM06B194_.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sab91/SOM06B194_.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1020784.jpg
911277,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-600,"A small, broken, mouth fragment of a Late Bronze Age, cast, copper alloy-bronze socketed axe head. Probable rounded subrectangular mouth with moulded double bands around the rim. The bronze axe was far more effective than its stone counterpart and allowed large areas of ancient forest to be cleared for farmsteads and cultivation. This inturn lead to a rise in the population levels. There appears to be some wear, otherwise an attractive green patina with a few light scratches and one small spot pale green corrosion where the surface has chipped away. This is likely to date between 900-600BC. Ref. Bronze Age metalwork in the Norwich Castle Museum, Norfolk Museum Service 1977 2nd Edition 1997, page 23-25 No. 48-102, History Beneath Our Feet, Brian Read, Anglia Publishing Ipswich 1995, page 2-5 No. 12-19 and Detector Finds 5, Gordon Bailey, Greenlight Publishing 2002, page 54-58 Fig. 1,3, 4 & 5. The axe fragment's truncated dimensions are 19.94mm long, 17.95mm wide, 3.96mm thick and weighs 3.7g,",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,3.7,,,3.96,19.94,1,Geoff Burr,Geoff Burr,South East,Kent,Sevenoaks,Shoreham,TQ5262,GPS (from the finder),51.33677675,0.18067919,KENT-0BC403,,IMG_2615.JPG,Late Bronze Age. Fragment of socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gburr/IMG_2615.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1020835.jpg
911468,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,-700,1900,"A probable copper alloy casting sprue or manufacturing waste dating from the late Bronze Age to Modern period. The object is funnel shaped, round and flat on one side with an irregular shaped stem projecting from underneath. It has a dark green patina, with patches of red brown. It measures 21.8mm in length, 22.4mm in width, 17.7mm in thickness and weighs 19.13g.



Similar records on the database include SF-EE942E, IOW-B7A300 and NLM-0CAEB5.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-26T23:00:00Z,,,,19.13,,,17.7,21.8,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Deanshanger,SP7541,Generated from computer mapping software,52.06230988,-0.90741982,BUC-584369,,BUC584369.jpg,Manufacturing Waster,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC584369.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1021020.jpg
911629,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date (1000 - 800 BC). The object can be classified as the Ewart Park phase of metalwork.



The object is sub-rectangular in plan with the cutting edge expanding outwards to form a convex cutting edge.



The socket has a sub square mouth, is deep and the insides are smooth.



A moulded collar decorates the axe below the mouth on each face. Extending down from this are three raised ribs. The ribs have been abraded and damaged in recent times. The front and back faces of the axe are faceted at the socket end.



Along the centre of each side of the axe is a pronounced casting seam. The seams have not been filed down. One side of the axe has a large semi-circular moulded side loop. The object has a mid to dark brown patina which has chipped away around the cutting edge with evidence of corrosion. On one face of the object are deep cuts running at a diagonal to the object.



The object can be classified as the Ewart park phase of metal work which corresponds with metalworking phases X - XII, or Needham Periods 6-7, dating from about 1150-750 CAL BC.The length is 82mm, the width is 53mm thickness and the weight 134.80g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-04T23:00:00Z,2018-06-04T23:00:00Z,,,134.8,,,,82,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Rimington,SD8245,From finder,53.90084997,-2.27542858,LANCUM-5E2C89,,LANCUM5E2C89.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM5E2C89.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1021138.jpg
911631,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"An incomplete cast copper alloy dagger dating from the Early Bronze Age, c.2150-c.1500BC. The object is a butt riveted small blade dagger or knife with triangular blade. The blade would have been attached to the hilt by means of three large rivets, the top side one is still in place. The rivet is circular in cross-section and flat-hourglass-shaped in plan. The other two are missing and the other rivet holes are incomplete due to breaks or possibly corrosion. The object is quite damaged so it is difficult to ascertain the exact type, but it is similar to Needham's series 2 (id 1200 Carder Low Type 2B or 1204 Parsley Hay Type 2A) or a series 7 (ID 1260 Thomas Hardye School Type 1 B4/7A). The condition of the object is reasonably good. It is patinated dark green/brown with damage to the blade and the top is missing. The length is 50mm, the width is 28mm (photos from finder).



Similar in form to SF9298 though larger which itself is similar to examples from Shrewton, Wilts (associated with a pommel and a beaker) and Driffield, Yorks which was associated with a beaker, stone wristguard with gold rivet caps and two amber buttons.



EBA daggers are rare in the north (and very rare in the northwest) - and are high status EBA funerary artefacts usually found in barrows (Ben Roberts pers com 24.07.18).



Clarke, D.L., 1970 Beaker Pottery of Great Britain and Ireland Cambridge University: Cambridge University Press , figs 549 and 543



Needham, S.P., 1996 Chronology and periodisation in the British Bronze Age Copenhagen: Wiley",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-04T23:00:00Z,2018-06-04T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,50,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Horton,SD8550,From finder,53.94588458,-2.23001903,LANCUM-5E3C83,,LANCUM5E3C83.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM5E3C83.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1021139.jpg
911637,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1300,"Cast copper alloy complete unlooped palstave axe probably dating to the Middle Bronze Age palstave 1450 to 1300 BC. The axe is of shares similarities with the Taunton metalwork assemblage and Hotham related to the palstaves of the Acton Park metalwork assemblage to which it bears some resemblance similar to Needham et al fig 140 (1985) and Read (1995: p.3 fig 9 ). The butt is slightly concave and has a width of 55mm. The flanges are flat, longiform in plan, straight and parallel as far as the stop but do not extend all the way to the butt, with a width at the stop of 30mm. The blade is flaring 55mm wide with a slightly bevelled facet possibly as a result of hammering. The axe has a dark green patina. The axe in length is 148mm, the width is 55mm thickness 55mm wide and there are no traces of casting flashes on the flange facets which must have been filed away. The axe share similarities with, NMGW-D73AD4 and NMGW-FAACD2.

The palstave shares typological features with Group I and Group II palstaves, the primary forms introduced to Britain in the Middle Bronze Age (Schmidt and Burgess 1981). As there are no side loops or midrib, this palstave may be relatively early, probably a Group II type from the Acton Park phase of Bronze Age metalwork, c1450-1300BC.

Schmidt and Burgess tell us that the term 'palstave' is misleading, as it comes from the Icelandic 'Paalstab' meaning a digging tool, not a type of axe. The term is used in British archaeology to describe an axe where there is a stop and the flanges disappear into the stop. Palstaves are also thicker below the stop. They are usually decorated on the blade and, as time went on, developed loops. Group I palstaves have a shield-like decoration below the stop ridge and variable flanges.

The concentration of palstaves in the North West of England is explained by the proximity to the Acton Park province, the major production area in north Wales and the Marches

British Bronze Age metalwork. A1-6., Early Bronze Age hoards / by Stuart P. Needham, Andrew J. Lawson and H. Stephen Green. London : Published and distributed for the Trustees of the BritishMuseum by British Museum Publications, 1985. ISBN - 0714113808 (unbound)

Read, B. 1995. History Beneath Our Feet. Anglia Publishing, Ipswich

Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 119",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-04T23:00:00Z,2018-06-04T23:00:00Z,,,,,,38,148,1,Stuart Noon,Stuart Noon,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Sabden,SD7636,From finder,53.81971649,-2.36603397,LANCUM-5E49AA,,LANCUM5E49AA.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snoon/LANCUM5E49AA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1021141.jpg
911649,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Lower part of a copper alloy socketed looped axe dating from the Late Bronze Age, i.e. c. 1000-800BC. Possibly of plain South Eastern Type.



Description: The fragment survives only as the blade end. The sides begin to curve inwards from the curved crescent blade-edge, flaring in section to a rectangle. The broken edges are heavily worn likely indicate breakage in antiquity although the variation in patination may indicate it happen while in the ground. The break across the body is irregular. The surface of the axe is heavily mottled dark to light green to light brown in patina and is heavily pitted by corrosion across its entirety. It looks like it was not faceted or had a ribbed decoration.



Masurements: 20.36mm long, 43.22mm wide, 10.15mm thick and 23.78g in weight",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-03-11T00:00:00Z,,,,23.78,,,10.15,20.36,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,Little Maplestead,TL8234,GPS (from the finder),51.97465982,0.64835117,KENT-5E7C62,,KENT5E7C62.jpg,Socketed axe fragment,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT5E7C62.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1021143.jpg
911708,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-900,"Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, 97mm long, 28mm wide and 15mm thick, with a weight of 52.83g. (weight includes wet mud still present into the shaft).



The object has a large conical shaped socket with a sub-circular cross section, when recorded the socket was filled with damp mud. There is a circular hole, c.3mm in diameter, 8mm from the base. The socket is 28mm wide and 15mm thick at its base with an internal width of c.24mm. The socket continues as a midrib which terminates at the tip of the blade. The blade wings are quite small, 23mm at widest position, and gently curved with a very slight bevelled edge.



The object fits Davis Group 11 Generic Type 11 E Short splayed socket dated to both the Wilburton and early Ewart Park industries - 1200 - 900 BC Davis PBF V Band 7 Late Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain. Needham Period 6-7 (1100 -750 CAL BC) and Burgess metal working stages X-XII.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2018-05-28T23:00:00Z,,,52.83,,,15,97,1,Peter Reavill,Lewis Batchelor,,Rutland,Rutland,Whissendine,SK8313,From finder,52.70831189,-0.77294359,LEIC-6DDC3D,,LEIC6DDC3D.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy spear head,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lewisbatchelor96/LEIC6DDC3D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1021222.jpg
911801,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,,,"An incomplete copper alloy object, likely an awl or tool of uncertain date. It has a very sharp pointed tip and a worn break at the opposite end (probably the base of a missing tang). The surviving pointed element is trapezoidal in profile, 55.6mm in length with a maximum width of 8.6mm. The object has distinct flat faces, with longitudinal grooves down two sides.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.5,,,6.6,55.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chitterne,ST9844,From finder,51.19521533,-2.03000291,SUR-7147F6,,SUR7147F6.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR7147F6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1021685.jpg
911896,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"Bronze ingot or cake fragment, 42.7g in weight and 33.4mm long. The object has a rough and unfinished surface with a green to blue-green patina and a plano convex to trapezoidal profile. One end is rounded the other has a pronounced step or edge which may be a break or suggestive of casting. The break is worn and clearly made in antiquity. Probably Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,47.2,,,11.7,33.4,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Hardwick,SP8119,From finder,51.86371164,-0.82510077,-SUR 830904.00,,SUR830904.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR830904.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1021746.jpg
912563,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2350,42,"An unidentified cast copper-alloy object, possibly a miniature axe dating from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age (c. 2350 BC to 42 AD). The object is trapezoidal in shape and sub-rectangular in cross-section. One end of the plate consists of a narrow sub-rectangular shank with a broken terminal. From here the plate gradually widens and flattens with concave outer edges to form a wide terminal with a narrow rounded edge. The upper and lower surfaces are plain and undecorated, though the entire object is covered by a green patina. The object measures 26mm in length. The narrow terminal measures 7mm in width and 7mm in thickness, while the wider thinner end is 18mm in width and 4.5mm in thickness. The object weighs 15.29 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-24T00:00:00Z,2016-02-24T00:00:00Z,,,15.29,,,7,26,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Ashwell,TL2541,Centred on field,52.0532968,-0.17841006,BH-05ED38,,MiniAxe.jpg,Bronze Age or Iron Age object of uncertain function,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/MiniAxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1023934.jpg
912570,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2350,43,"An unidentified cast copper-alloy object, possibly dating from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age (c. 2350 BC to 43 AD). The object is sub-rectangular in shape and trapezoidal in cross-section. The inside edge of the object is concave and rounded, and extends, gradually thinning, to a thinner convex outside edge that is bevelled on one side and flat on the other. The object has a green patina. It measures 31mm in length and 17mm in width. The inside edge is 8mm thick, and the outside edge 2.5mm thick. The object weighs 14.30 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-02-24T00:00:00Z,2016-02-24T00:00:00Z,,,14.3,,,8,31,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Ashwell,TL2541,Centred on field,52.0532968,-0.17841006,BH-062193,,BH062193.jpg,Bronze or Iron Age bronze object of uncertain function,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH062193.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1023940.jpg
913146,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy late Bronze Age spearhead dating to c. 1000 - 801 BC. Only the tip end of the spear head remains. The fragment is sub triangular in shape, narrowing towards the tip of the spear, the tip of which is worn and broken. The fragment is lozenge shaped in cross section. Running down the centre of the fragment on both sides is a raised midrib. The blade edges have been worn and there are notches along both the edges. The blade has a dark green patina, and has patches of brown corrosion. The blade is 20.9mm in length, 12.9mm in width, and 2.8mm in maximum thickness. It weighs 1.69g.



The fragment is similar to spear blades shown in Needham 1990, page 55, dating to the Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-05-15T23:00:00Z,,,,1.69,,,2.8,20.9,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Ivinghoe,SP9617,GPS (from the finder),51.84335908,-0.60788537,BUC-819208,,BUC819208.jpg,Late Bronze Age Spear Tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC819208.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1023919.jpg
913189,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-801,"A copper-alloy awl of probable Late Bronze Age date. (c.1000-801 BC). The centre of the awl is rectangular in cross-section, tapering to a rectangular-sectioned tang and circular-sectioned tip.

The awl is 93.9mm long. In the middle section it is 5.3mm wide and 5.2mm thick. The circular cross-section is 6.3mm in diameter and it weighs 13.23 grams. It has a darkish green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-06T23:00:00Z,2018-04-06T23:00:00Z,,,13.23,,6.3,5.2,93.9,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Whitchurch,SU4950,GPS (from the finder),51.24707541,-1.2993565,SUSS-83C6D9,,,,,,,
913581,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete Late Bronze Age (c.1150-800 BC) copper alloy probable awl, with a square cross-section tapering into a flat rectangular sectioned tang at one end, and an oval cross section tapering to a rounded point at the other. 

Date: Late Bronze Age

Dimensions: 60.8mm x 3.9mm x 3.9mm

Weight: 3.55g



Similar to database record HAMP-10928A",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.55,,,3.9,60.8,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Lucy Bevan,South West,Dorset,Purbeck,Bere Regis,SY8296,Centred on field,50.76330752,-2.25658361,DOR-AD7774,,DOR019039.jpg,,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR019039.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1023777.jpg
913836,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a Bronze Age copper-alloy, possibly of a socketed axehead. This fragment is irregular in plan and is possibly part of the mouth of the axehead. The outer face has an upper linear moulding of 5.1 mm in maximus thickness that narrows to 2.1 mm. Then is the remain of a transverse lower moulding. The back of the fragment is flat.



The fragment has a dark green patina and the breaks are worn and old.



It measures 24.5 mm in length, 18.7 mm in width, 5.1 mm in thickness and weights 8.39 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-01T00:00:00Z,2018-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,8.39,,,5.1,24.5,1,Sabrina Ruffino,Sabrina Ruffino,South West,Somerset,Sedgemoor,Otterhampton,ST2542,From finder,51.17230145,-3.07417953,SOM-C6116B,,SOMC6116B.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead (possibly),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sab91/SOMC6116B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025378.jpg
914377,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Description: Middle to Late Bronze Age incomplete gold-plated copper-alloy penannular ring. It consists of a copper-alloy core forming an incomplete loop which tapers slightly towards the terminals. One terminal has been damaged, exposing the core. The sheet gold plating exhibits banded decoration in the form of alternating stripes of gold and silvery-coloured metal, probably electrum.



Discussion: The penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money'. ""Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange"" (Mark Lodwick and Mary Davis, in record NMGW-04216C / 2013 TW13; references therein).



A number of similar examples have been reported as Treasure and are recorded on the PAS database, including PAS-011055 (2016T920), HAMP-1248F2 (2017T1157), SUSS-1CBAB0 (2017T984), SUSS-5EF5C1 (2017T350) and NMS-183C7E (2016T190).



Date: c. 1150 - 800 BC.",Any prehistoric artefact with any precious metal content whatsoever qualifies as potential Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.,3,Copper alloy,Gold,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2018-07-29T23:00:00Z,2018-07-29T23:00:00Z,2018T562,,12.3,19,20.5,,,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Great Yarmouth,Martham,TG4416,From finder,52.68668556,1.60881354,NMS-3E8DD8,,XXX_3E8DD8_MBA_PenannularRing_small.jpg,Middle Bronze Age penannular ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jshoemark5/XXX_3E8DD8_MBA_PenannularRing_small.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025137.jpg
914397,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy facetted socketed axehead dating to 1000 BC - 800 BC. As we cannot see the collar the axehead can probably be classified as Meldreth type, Ewart Park phase of metalwork. The cutting edge is expanded and relatively undamaged. The sides are faceted, giving a six-sided cross section. The socket mouth is circular although the collar is missing. On the upper part of the axe is a D-shaped, oval sectioned (approx 8mm in depth) attachment loop, it is positioned unusually horizontally instead of vertically probably directly below the missing collar.

Date: Late Bronze Age.

Dimensions: 95.3mm x 47.1mm x 21.8mm

Weight: 123.12g


Dot Boughton (former FLO) has identified this as a Late Bronze Age facetted socketed axe of the Ewart Park Metalwork phase (1000 - 800 BC) and notes that the unusual form of the loop and thiness of the walls make it different from the generality of such axes.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,123.12,,,21.8,95.3,1,Lucy Bevan,Lucy Bevan,South West,Dorset,Purbeck,Affpuddle and Turnerspuddle,SY7992,From finder,50.72723606,-2.29889002,DOR-3F8141,,DOR3F8141a.jpg,Iron Age socketed axehead.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR3F8141a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1024098.jpg
914398,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy awl or gouge. The awl has an rectangular cross section. It tapers towards both ends from the centre. Both sides taper on all four faces and terminate in a sub circular sectioned point. One side is slightly bent upwards.

Reference: Read.B, 2016, pg.99, no.694.

Date: Possibly late Bronze Age 1150 to 800 BC.

Dimensions: 67.2mm 5mm 4.6mm

Weight: 7.42g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.42,,,4.6,67.2,1,Lucy Bevan,Lucy Bevan,South West,Dorset,Purbeck,Affpuddle and Turnerspuddle,SY7993,From finder,50.73622859,-2.2989473,DOR-3F8E48,,DOR3F8E48.jpg,Bronze Age awl.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR3F8E48.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1024074.jpg
914611,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy blade of Late Bronze Age date (c.1100-800 BC).



Description: The fragment represents a middle section of the blade, with the mid-rib and faceted blade edges remaining. The division of the blade facets from the mid-rib is highly distinctive. The breaks seem heavily worn and the object is patinated dark green where un damaged and lighter green where damaged or worn.



Measurements: Surviving length 34.13mm; surviving width 22.49mm; maximum thickness 8.3mm; surviving weight 23.62g.



Discussion: Possibly of Carp's tongue type or Ewart Park",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,,23.62,,,8.3,34.13,1,Wendy Thompson,Wendy Thompson,,Kent,Swale,Hartlip,TQ8364,Generated from computer mapping software,51.34561735,0.62627357,PUBLIC-57E5B4,,PUBLIC57E5B4.jpg,BA sword frag,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/PUBLIC57E5B4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025292.jpg
914655,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete socketed axehead of Bronze Age date (c. 1000-800 BC).



Description: The surviving fragment comprises most of the blade-end, only surviving between the cutting edge and the end of the internal socket, and the remaining portion is also broken off vertically and does not match the corresponding side. The fragment is sub rectangular in plan and sub-triangular when viewed in profile. One side of the axe is missing, but the remaining side tapers very slightly from the cutting edge. The cutting edge is slightly convex. The socket is half an elongated, sub-oval in cross section and the broad face is plain.



Dimensions: length 32.16mm; width 20.58mm; thickness 10.76mm; weight 25.13g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-10-13T23:00:00Z,,,,25.13,,,10.76,32.16,1,Wendy Thompson,Wendy Thompson,South East,Kent,Gravesham,Shorne,TQ7071,Generated from computer mapping software,51.4125357,0.4431451,PUBLIC-5A5757,,Highamaxfrag.jpg,PUBLIC - 5A5757,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ynwhsh7/Highamaxfrag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1024325.jpg
914656,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-1700,"Blade fragment of early Bronze Age flat axehead (c. 2400 - 1700 BC). The object is broadly triangular in form, widening and tapering slightly to a straight blade edge. It is very worn and pitted. The damage is predominantly abraded but there are some clean scrapes, possibly resulting from plough damage. The object is 54.55mm in length, 48.91mm at maximum width and 9.72mm in thickness. It weighs 70.78g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,70.78,,,9.72,54.55,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,North West,Cumbria,Copeland,Ulpha,NY2402,GPS (from the finder),54.40775639,-3.17239948,LANCUM-5A5A3B,,LANCUM5A5A3B.jpg,Copper-alloy flat axehead fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUM5A5A3B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1024340.jpg
915000,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A looped and socketed copper alloy spear head dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1250 BC. It seems to fit into Davis's Group 2 or Group 3 (2017). It has a triangular blade with ribs on each blade wing, and a prominent midrib, lozenge shaped in cross-section. The socket is circular in cross-section and the socket extends just into the base of the blade midrib. There is a side loop on each side of the socket, positioned very close to the end of the object, away from the blade. The spear has a smooth mid green with only slight pitting and corrosion.



The spear head is 101 mm long. The blade is 58 mm long and hmm wide, tapering from 17 mm thick at the point where it meets the shaft. The shaft is 43 mm long and has an exterior opening of 26 mm. The interior diameter is 21 mm. The depth of the interior of the socket is 51 mm. The loops measure 20 mm x 7 mm x 7 mm. It weighs 80.17g.



Reference



Davis R (2017) Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.5; A Short Guide to Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads","Davis (2017) notes that ""Spearheads from the earlier MBA were those with sockets extending into the blade, and with loops on the side of the socket. They date to the Acton Park and Taunton phases, 1550-1250 BC."" He describes his Group 2: ""Early socketed"" as ""Triangular blade. Socket with short shaft aperture extending only to base of the blade.""",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,80.17,,26,,101,1,Adam Daubney,Adam Daubney,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Temple Bruer with Temple High Grange,TF0053,From finder,53.0648949,-0.50912783,LIN-AD652B,,LINAD652B.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spear,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/LINAD652B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1024642.jpg
915021,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy Late Bronze Age awl dating to the period 1150 - 800 BC, measuring 63.4mm in length and 3.6mm in width. The object has a flattened and rounded sub rectangular cross sectional profile with flattened faces which taper into squared ends.","A similar awl is illustrated in Read B. (2001), p. 94, no. 694. Similar awls are also recorded on PAS database as WILT-97977D, SWYOR-220A7C, LEIC-1EA9CB and SUR-660898 and WILT-BBA285.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.4,,,2.9,63.4,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Laverstoke,SU4848,From finder,51.2291778,-1.31394987,SUR-BBF938,,SURBBF938.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURBBF938.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1024740.jpg
915022,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper alloy tool, 41.4mm in length and 8.4mm in width. The object is curved and narrows to a point, with a flattened and sub-rounded cross sectional profile. Each broad side has two deeply incised grooves running along it, creating a pronounced central spine and lateral shoulders. The flattened end has a worn break, possibly from a shank or tang to mount into a handle. Possibly Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.6,,,6.8,41.4,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Laverstoke,SU0743,From finder,51.18618583,-1.90122401,SUR-BC1978,,SURBC1978.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURBC1978.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025156.jpg
915023,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,,,"Copper alloy stylus or awl, 36.0mm in length and 6.9mm in diameter. The object has a triangular shape with a circular profile and narrows to a point. The top end has a shouldered collar and a broken stump of shank or tang to mount into a handle.",Similar to DOR-9C4AB8. Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but ones of this form are known to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.5,,6.9,,36,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0743,From finder,51.18618583,-1.90122401,SUR-BC31BC,,SURBC31BC.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURBC31BC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025158.jpg
915045,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"
Bronze age copper alloy palstave fragment, the object consists of the butt end and central portion of a palstave with a prominent stop ridge.
","
Pre PAS museum Identification
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,1998-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,1,Richard Knox,Lewis Batchelor,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Blaby,Thurlaston,SP4998,From finder,52.57761567,-1.27834522,LEIC-BE1915,,LEICBE1915a.JPG,bronze age Copper alloy palstave axe,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEICBE1915a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025302.jpg
915294,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Additions to a dispersed Late Bronze Age hoard (2016T470, NMS-6DAFAC).

1. Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axehead,&nbsp;found 25th January 2018

Description: Incomplete socketed axehead. Sub-rectangular mouth with prominent lip, shallow D-sectioned loop, the rectangular-sectioned body flaring to form the curved cutting edge which exhibits some superficial damage but is otherwise intact. Shallow groove running along each long edge on both faces. Part of the mouth is missing, the breaks corroded and worn. The surface has a smooth dark green patina. There is a small fragment of copper alloy, possibly a fragment of the axehead, sitting inside the bottom of the socket and corroded in place.

Dimensions: Length: 102mm, extant width of mouth: 35.5mm, width of blade: 53.8mm, weight: 193.35g.

Date: c. 900 to&nbsp;800 BC

Addendum 1: Seven further fragments were found between 18th and 25th November&nbsp;2018.

Catalogue:

2. Fragment of copper-alloy socketed axehead, just the closed end with cutting edge surviving together with a small part of the rectangular-section socket, about 7mm .in length.&nbsp;Very abraded, with no original surface and a pale matt green patina. All breaks worn very smooth. Surviving length 29.2mm, maximum width 41.4mm, width at break 36.9mm, maximum thickness 12.7mm, weight 39.4g.

3. Unidentified cast copper-alloy&nbsp;fragment, roughly flat and rectangular, broken at both short ends. The long edges are slightly concave, and are rounded in cross-section. Each face is flat, but one is slightly concave and the other slightly convex. The breaks are not fresh, but are not particularly worn. Surviving length 35mm, maximum width 30mm, thickness varies between c. 7 and c. 8.5mm; weight 40.3g.

4. Fragment of copper-alloy metalworking waste. Long, rounded lump with several bubbles and folds. Black matt surface with areas of pale green corrosion. Roughtly 40 x 15 x 14mm,&nbsp;weight 23.6g.

5. Rounded droplet of copper alloy with one side flat apart from a central hollow. 19 x 12 x 7.5mm,&nbsp;weight 5.93g.

6. Long droplet of copper alloy with roughly rounded cross-section and rounded ends. 22.5mm long, 5mm diameter cross-section, weight 3.24g.

7. Thick, flat sub-circular or sub-square copper-alloy droplet, rough on both faces. 13 x 14mm, 5mm thick, weight 3.21g.

8. Rounded, flattish oval piece of lead waste. Smooth and slightly convex on one face, lumpy on the other. 22.5 x 15.5mm, maximum thickness 5.5mm, weight 4.62g.

Date: The original batch of objects from this hoard was dated to the Late Bronze Age, 1000-700 BC, and the additions do not change the likely date.","The findspot and date of the objects strongly suggest that they&nbsp;represent&nbsp;additional elements of the scattered hoard previously reported as 2016T470 (NMS-6DAFAC). They&nbsp;therefore&nbsp;constitute&nbsp;an addendum to this case and qualify&nbsp;as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.

Update:&nbsp;Two objects found 18th October 2016 were subsequently realised to be part of this hoard, and have been recorded at NMS-141277 (2022T428).",4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2016-10-18T00:00:00Z,2018-11-25T00:00:00Z,2018T593,,351.28,,,,,10,,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Barton Turf,TG3323,,52.75433747,1.45134513,NMS-D74E8B,,60464_D74E8B_BA_Hoard_1_Axehead.jpg,Bronze Age Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60464_D74E8B_BA_Hoard_1_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1116231.jpg
915651,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,"A fragment of a copper alloy Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave axehead (c. 1500-900 BC). Only the end of the butt remains. The cross section is similar to an elongated H. The longitudinal section is wedge shaped, tapering up from the butt edge, the opposite end has been broken off. On either side of the main body the sides form flanges. Length 26.3mm, Width 26.2mm, Thickness at butt end, 2.6mm, thickness at broken end 6.0 mm. Weight 27.37g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2018-01-01T00:00:00Z,2018-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,27.43,,,6,26.3,1,Catherine Falkner,Catherine Falkner,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Long Bennington,SK8145,From finder,52.99621161,-0.7945987,DENO-53C2E6,,DENO53C2E6.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave axe,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO53C2E6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1042137.jpg
915682,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"A fragment of copper alloy palstave. The blade end only. The blade is rectangular in cross-section. The cutting edge is flared and curving. There is a slight curving ridge on both faces across the body of the axe, behind the cutting edge The blade thins gradually from the break to the cutting edge.

Date: Middle Bronze Age - 1600 BC to 1000 BC.

Dimensions:45.1mm x 50.8mm x 13.8mm.

Weight: 126.16g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,126.16,,,13.8,45.1,1,Lucy Bevan,Lucy Bevan,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Dewlish,SY7897,From finder,50.7721613,-2.31335795,DOR-54B989,,DOR54B989.jpg,Bronze Age  palstave axe.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR54B989.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1033424.jpg
915849,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,Fragment of the tip of a Bronze Age axe . The fragment has a curved edge and a triangular profile. It is 21.5mm in length and 5.8mm wide with a heavy blue-green patination.,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.1,,,3,21.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Stockbridge,SU3137,From finder,51.13144249,-1.55835116,SUR-6651AF,,SUR6651AF.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR6651AF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025768.jpg
915935,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper alloy fragment, 34.7mm in length and narrowing from 16.1mm to 11.9mm. The wide end is square and faceted; the remainded of the fragment has an asymetric trapezoidal profile, with a prominant ridge up to 4.6mm thick down one side of the front. The rear is flat and the object demonstrates a slight curve.



The flat back and asymetrical profile suggest this to possibly represent a fragment of a Bronze Age tool such as a sickle or knife blade.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8,,,4.6,34.7,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Waverley,Bramley,TQ0138,From finder,51.13237957,-0.55790775,SUR-6A7DDA,,SUR6A7DDA.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR6A7DDA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025697.jpg
916046,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy socketed axe head. Cast socketed single looped axe head, lightly flared towards its crescentic curved cutting edge. The plain narrower upper and lower sides each bear a clear central mould line; the other broader sides are flat and plain. At c.50mm in from the cutting edge, narrow grooves of width c.4.5mm appear at the arises where flat sides meet, and these continue until 5mm before the edge of the socket. This appears square with rounded corners externally, framing a rounded aperture measuring 27mm in both directions and with a thickened triangular section border. A single loop of length 17.5mm, width 6.5mm and height [i.e. protrusion] 7mm is set on one narrower side adjacent to the socket, with the mould line noted above continuing along it. Most of the object bears an appealing brownish patina; this has suffered only limited disruption by localised damage on one broader side, and is more extensively removed from the other, where a deeper dent also appears, presumably the result of plough strike. A chocolate brown material with an orange tinted stain where it is lost appears around the inner side of the mouth of the socket, and might even represent the otherwise decayed wood of a haft. The cutting edge remains sharp. The thickened socket mouth, which is amply reinforced at the point which would receive more stress than any other, adds to the general impression of a viable tool which remained fully functional at the time of its deposition. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800 BC.



Length: 101mm, Height (at cutting edge): 51.4mm, Width (at mouth of socket): 36.5mm, Thickness (at mouth of socket): 5.9mm, Weight: c.230gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-08-15T23:00:00Z,,,,230,51.4,,5.9,101,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Wrawby,TA0109,Generated from computer mapping software,53.56789737,-0.47639458,NLM-7CDDD3,,NLM40062.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axe Head,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM40062.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1025753.jpg
916429,Strap Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1600,-100,"A complete copper-alloy strap fitting of possible middle Bronze Age to Iron Age date, c. 1600 - 100 BC.



The object comprises a pointed ovate body with a D-shaped section which tapers in thickness from one end to the other. The upper terminal is swollen with a wide, rounded upper end which is decorated with two parallel incised D-shaped borders. The front of the swollen portion of the body has a central lozenge shaped recess extending from the point at which the two borders meet on the upper edge to midway along the front of the body. The recess is at its widest where the body bends from the rounded top to the front. The sides of the body curve inward slightly as they extend and narrow to form the rounded lower terminal.



An integral rectangular attachment loop is present to the reverse of the wide upper terminal and the reverse of the fitting is slightly concaved.



The metal has a dark green patina and is worn. The object is 25.3mm long, 16.3mm wide, 9.8mm thick (17.6mm with attachment loop) and weighs 11.6g.



This fitting has features in common with a fairly frequently found yet poorly understood object type currently known simply as 'moustache' or 'moustache-like' objects. See: YORYM-9432BB, LIN-9296A3, WMID-CA9D04 and BH-037A57. Such objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the early Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard. Dr JD Hill (British Museum) suggests that they are Iron Age objects, but this is yet to be confirmed by excavation of a stratified example.



SUR-29CED6 and SUR-4F8D51 are more similar to the current example. While both are described as 'a fragment of a moustache object' they appear to be complete.



A similar date range to that given for 'moustache-like' objects is likely for this object.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.6,,,9.8,25.3,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Stamford Bridge,SE7154,From finder,53.977196,-0.91894248,YORYM-D19DE3,,CW0428.jpg,Bronze Age to Iron Age : Strap Fitting,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/CW0428.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1030387.jpg
916904,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1140,"Complete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy barbed and tanged arrowhead. Finely cast with multiple fine file marks on both faces which have chamfered edges to the blade and a shallow mid-rib. There is a slight casting-flash one one side of the pointed-oval sectioned tang. Traces of iron-staining over all. Length 54.5mm. Width 22mm. 3mm thick. Weighs 7.63g. 1275-1140 BC.



A bronze arrowhead from the Penard hoard (a secure Bronze Age of c. 1275-1140 BC), was discussed in Archaeologica 71 (p. 138), where it was suggested that although the barbed and tanged form was used in flint from the Early Bronze Age to the Middle Bronze Age, copper alloy arrowheads did not come into fashion until later in the Middle Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-11T23:00:00Z,2018-07-08T23:00:00Z,,,7.63,,,3,54.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Methwold,TL7295,,52.52572089,0.53395722,NMS-105598,,PFd_23119_105598_KLMD072018_EBA_Arrowhead.jpg,Middle Bronze Age barbed and tanged arrowhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_23119_105598_KLMD072018_EBA_Arrowhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154877.jpg
916969,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-1500,"Bronze age copper alloy arrowhead 18mm long, 13mm wide and 2mm thick with a weight of 1.12g.



The object is sub triangular in form and ovoid in cross section. It is an almost complete barbed and tanged arrowhead, missing part of one tang. It appears to have been roughly cast and has a slightly bevelled edge on one face, suggesting one piece mould? Similar to WILT-807272 WMID-CE6A76 SF6680.



.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2018-06-08T23:00:00Z,,,1.12,,,2,18,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,,Leicestershire,Melton,Melton Dorian,SK7418,From finder,52.75455483,-0.90500051,LEIC-13A0FE,,LEIC13A0FE.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy arrowhead,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC13A0FE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1026540.jpg
917277,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1125,"A nearly complete cast copper alloy spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age (1400 BC - 1125 BC).



The spear blade is leaf shaped, with loops incorporated into the base. This is known as a basal-looped spearhead. The blade is now broken into two pieces, roughly half way down with a diagonal break. Most of the outer edge of the blade is abraded, except around the tip where it is complete. The centre of the blade is divided by an expanding (tip to base) lozenge sectioned midrib. This midrib expands into the socket of the spear. Conjoined at the base of the blade are two oval shaped loops. When viewed in profile, the outer edges of the loops (loop plates) are lozenge shaped. The socket is conical in shape, the lower edge of which is slightly damaged and missing a small section. There is remains of wood inside the socket.



The metal is dark brown in colour, with an uneven but polished patina. The tip is 98.6 mm long, 33.9 mm wide and 13.9 mm thick at the midrib. The second piece is 172.7 mm long and 39.4 mm wide. The base of the socket is 23.9 mm by 22.5 mm. The tip weighs 57.6 g and both pieces together weigh 191 g.



Middle Bronze Age spearheads have been categorised by Davis (2017) and this example falls into Group 8: Incorporated basal looped. He notes that spearheads of the later MBA were generally larger, as well as having loops at the base of the blade. They are dated by associated to the Taunton and Penard phases (1400 BC - 1125 BC).



Further examples have also been recorded on the PAS database, including BERK-AAB536, HESH-CB1BF7, SF-54C472 and DENO-DC8D26.



Reference:

Davis, R. 2017 A Short Guide to Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads Later Prehistoric Finds Group: Datasheet 5.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,191,,,,172.7,1,Gail Hitchens,Gail Hitchens,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Rylstone,SD9659,GPS (from the finder),54.02697792,-2.06255101,YORYM-7A5023,,PL0119.jpg,Bronze Age : Spearhead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/PL0119.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1028614.jpg
917627,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of cast copper alloy socketed axe, dating to the Late Bronze Age c. 1000 - 800 BC.



Description: The fragment represents part of the socketed end of the axe and is unevenly shaped. Part of the rimmed collar for the socket remains. Just after the rim there is a side loop to help secure the axe to its handle, which remains roughly to 50% to its original length. The fragment is dark green on the surfaces, its surface is also heavily pitted with some casting bubbles visible. All breaks are heavily worn suggesting they occured during antiquity.



Measurements: 21.04mm long, 28.63mm wide., 9.21mm thick and 23.38g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.38,,,9.21,21.04,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Thurnham,TQ8157,Generated from computer mapping software,51.28337966,0.59403749,KENT-9393A7,,KENT9393A7.jpg,Fragment of socketted axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT9393A7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1027275.jpg
917668,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Description: Incomplete gold artefact of possible Bronze Age date. It comprises a strip of sheet gold with a jagged transverse break across one end and folded horizontally so that the corners overlap. At one end are two small perforations, possibly rivet holes. 



Dimensions: Length (folded): 10.2mm, maximum width: 14mm, minimum width: 13mm, thickness: 1mm, weight: 1g. 



Discussion: A number of similar objects have been reported as potential Treasure and are recorded on the PAS database including: HAMP-B9814B (2018 T700), SUR-DE6DF2 (2017 T644), BH-1BE953 (2014 T901); this last states: “There is a range of gold strip and ribbon ornaments datable to the British Bronze Age. The less numerous types include arm and possibly ear ornaments fastening by means of a hook at each end, or a hook and eye (piercing)… There are also an increasing number of (often) thin gold strips and fragments with terminal piercings which on grounds of composition could fit into a Bronze Age context. Again, there are continental analogues, beginning within the Early Bronze Age sheet gold tradition.”



Date: c. 1500 – 800 BC.",The object appears to consist of over 10% precious metal and be over 300 years old at the time of finding and as such qualifies as potential Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.,3,Gold,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2018-08-24T23:00:00Z,2018-08-24T23:00:00Z,2018T642,,1,,,1,10.2,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Sustead,TG1836,From finder,52.87726826,1.2381296,NMS-A3603B,,39540_A3603B_UNK_Unidentified.jpg,Bronze Age sheet gold fragment,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellmcdonald/39540_A3603B_UNK_Unidentified.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1106863.jpg
917671,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Description: Incomplete gold artefact of probable Bronze Age date. It comprises a strip of sheet gold with a jagged transverse break across the wide end. The plate tapers along its length into a square-sectioned hook which curves under the plate. Just behind the hook is a circular perforation punched from the reverse of the strip to the front.



Dimensions: Length (bent): 26.7mm, maximum width: 15mm, minimum width: 1.5mm, thickness: 1.2mm, weight: 1.8g.



Discussion: A number of similar objects have been reported as potential Treasure and are recorded on the PAS database, including HAMP-B9814B (2018T700), SUR-DE6DF2 (2017T644) and BH-1BE953 (2014T901). This last states: “There is a range of gold strip and ribbon ornaments datable to the British Bronze Age. The less numerous types include arm and possibly ear ornaments fastening by means of a hook at each end, or a hook and eye (piercing)… There are also an increasing number of (often) thin gold strips and fragments with terminal piercings which on grounds of composition could fit into a Bronze Age context. Again, there are continental analogues, beginning within the Early Bronze Age sheet gold tradition.”



Date: c. 1500 – 800 BC.","The object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old. Consequently, in terms of both age and precious metal content, it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.



In addition, it seems likely that this find is part of the Bawdeswell hoard, originally reported as 2009T653 (NMS-30B786), containing a socketed knife and two socketed axeheads. Addenda to this hoard include 2016T503 (NMS-8E5122, a socketed axehead), 2018T638 (NMS-A215F7, a MBA to LBA sword fragment) and 2020T17 (NMS-5FF2B8, a socketed axehead). The Bawdeswell Bronze Age hoard now contains seven objects; fragments of four socketed axes, a socketed knife, a sword and a fragment of gold.",3,Gold,,"Donated to museum by all parties, hence disclaimed as Treasure",Metal detector,2018-08-27T23:00:00Z,2018-08-27T23:00:00Z,2018T643,,1.8,,,1.2,26.7,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Sparham,TG0620,From finder,52.7383663,1.05001292,NMS-A38BB2,,56476_A38BB2_BA_Unidentified.jpg,Bronze Age gold sheet,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ellmcdonald/56476_A38BB2_BA_Unidentified.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1106865.jpg
917802,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,Incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age copper alloy knife with triangular blade. The point of the blade and the butt of the tang missing. A very slender example. The breaks are not recent. Extant length 56.5mm. Width 17mm. Thickness 2.4mm. Weight 6.59g. c.1300 - c. 800 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-20T23:00:00Z,2018-07-17T23:00:00Z,,,6.59,,,2.4,56.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Attleborough,TM0394,,52.50608679,0.98968211,NMS-BA2DB8,,58363_BA2DB8_LBA_Knife_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age knife,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/58363_BA2DB8_LBA_Knife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156076.jpg
918088,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Fragment of the blade of a Middle Bronze Age rapier, both ends broken, heavily pitted and corroded. Extant length 46mm, width 16mm, thickness 5mm. Weighs 17.52g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-07-04T23:00:00Z,2018-09-04T23:00:00Z,,,17.52,,,5,46,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Salhouse,TG3114,,52.67443302,1.41544501,NMS-FAB975,,61264_FAB975_MBA_Rapier.jpg,Fragment of the blade of a Middle Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61264_FAB975_MBA_Rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1106782.jpg
918104,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete cast copper-alloy Late Bronze Age socketed spear dating to the period 1150-800 BC. The spear has a leaf-shaped blade that tapers towards the tip. The blade wings are bevelled, both of which are worn and damaged in places. The blade has a circular cross-section central rib running from tip to base, and wings that gradually expand before tapering inwards to connect to the socketed shaft. The shaft, which is circular in section, increases in diameter towards the open-ended terminal and has a loop halfway along each side made of a flat rhomboidal-shaped plate that sits in line with the cutting edges of the blade. The spear measures 116mm in length. The widest section of the blade is 25mm in width and 3mm thick, while the internal diameter of the socket is a maximum of 17mm. The spear weighs 68.76 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1982-01-01T00:00:00Z,1982-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,68.76,,17,3,116,1,Harvey Cross,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Cople,TL1047,Generated from computer mapping software,52.11039628,-0.39513836,BH-FB08EE,,BHFB08EE.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed spear,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BHFB08EE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1027705.jpg
918295,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-800,"A Late Bronze Age (Ewart park), c. 900-800 BC Hoard.

Catalogue: The find consists of 30 copper alloy, two of which refit to form a single object (no 18 &amp; 19 in the catalogue below, to form an axe). There 10 fragments of ingot , 2 winged-axe, 3 Needham&#39;s (1990) Class A1 one of Class D and 9 from socketed axes (where not possible to provide a more detailed typological description), one bracelet fragment, a fragment of a socketed gouge blade, one fragment of a socketed knife and 2 blade fragments.


	
		
			
			ID
			
			
			DESCRIPTION 
			
			
			TYPE
			
			
			DIMENSION
			
			
			WEIGHT
			
		
		
			
			1
			
			
			Half oval shape curved ingot with a half round mark in the center, earth still attached, smooth surface on the mark side, irregular on the opposite. Rounded edge
			
			
			Ingot
			
			
			110 mm by 147 mm by 17 mm
			
			
			1626 gr
			
		
		
			
			2
			
			
			Slice of a rounded ingot, quiet thick on the inside become sharper on the edge. Surface irregular, still earth attached. Rounded edge
			
			
			Ingot
			
			
			96 mm by 124 mm by 36mm
			
			
			1615 gr
			
		
		
			
			3
			
			
			Slice of a rounded ingot, quiet thick on the inside become sharper on the edge. Surface irregular, still earth attached. Rounded edge. White earth insertion in section. Surface looks flat on one side.
			
			
			Ingot
			
			
			61 mm by 83 mm by 30 mm
			
			
			450 gr
			
		
		
			
			4
			
			
			Ingot piece , green patina, not defined on the edge, earth attached, surface slight regular
			
			
			Ingot
			
			
			56 mm by 65 mm by 28 mm
			
			
			551 gr
			
		
		
			
			5
			
			
			Ingot piece , green patina, not defined on the edge, earth attached, surface slight regular
			
			
			Ingot
			
			
			41 mm by 55 mm by 32 mm
			
			
			344 gr
			
		
		
			
			6
			
			
			Ingot piece , green patina, not defined on the edge, earth attached, surface slight regular
			
			
			Ingot
			
			
			59 mm by 53 mm by 17 mm
			
			
			172 gr
			
		
		
			
			7
			
			
			Ingot piece , green patina, earth attached, surface irregular
			
			
			Ingot
			
			
			32 mm by 33 mm by 12 mm
			
			
			50 gr
			
		
		
			
			8
			
			
			Ingot piece , green patina, earth attached, surface irregular
			
			
			Ingot
			
			
			24 mm by 29 mm by 15 mm
			
			
			64 gr
			
		
		
			
			9
			
			
			Ingot piece , green patina, earth attached, surface irregular
			
			
			Ingot
			
			
			17 mm by 32 mm by 19 mm
			
			
			49 gr
			
		
		
			
			10
			
			
			Ingot piece , green patina, earth attached, surface irregular
			
			
			Ingot
			
			
			24 mm by 50 mm by 14 mm
			
			
			54 gr
			
		
		
			
			11
			
			
			Axe with blade and part of the stop, green patina, some earth attached, polished surface really smooth, broken quiet regular, blade sharp with some dent, Double T section, blade side deep, black shine colour
			
			
			Winged-axe
			
			
			Length 64 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 45 mm Mouth 23 mm X 12 mm
			
			
			168 gr
			
		
		
			
			12
			
			
			Blade axe, earth attached, some green patina, blade sharp with dent, struck mark on a side
			
			
			Winged-axe
			
			
			Length 51 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 41 mm Mouth 27 mm X 13 mm
			
			
			101 gr
			
		
		
			
			13
			
			
			Full socketed axe, earth attached, some green patina, core filled with earth and the inside of the loop. Both moulding present of which one quiet tick, casting seam along the side
			
			
			A1 Plain
			
			
			Length 83 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 33 mm Mouth 29 mm X 31 mm
			
			
			180 gr
			
		
		
			
			14
			
			
			Socketed axe without the blade, the cut seem regular, earth attached, core filled with earth and inside the loop, one moulding present green patina, casting seam along the side, line run around the body through the loop and two on each side perpendicular to it
			
			
			Class D
			
			
			Length 70 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 34 mm Mouth 28 mm X 32 mm
			
			
			118 gr
			
		
		
			
			15
			
			
			Full socketed axe, earth attached, some patina, core filled with earth and the inside of the loop. One moulding present, cast seam along the side and the moulding, blade sharp with some dents
			
			
			Socketed Axe
			
			
			Length 87 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 37 mm Mouth 31 mm X 33 mm
			
			
			169 gr
			
		
		
			
			16
			
			
			Full socketed axe, earth attached some green patina. Two moulding present, cast seam along the side and the moulding, blade sharp with one big dent
			
			
			A1 Plain
			
			
			Length 87 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 37 mm Mouth 32 mm X 33 mm
			
			
			188 gr
			
		
		
			
			17
			
			
			Part of a socketed axe, earth attached, green patina, earth in the core and inside the loop, regular cut by the loop, one moulding, cast seam along the side
			
			
			A1 Plain
			
			
			Length 45 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 43 mm Mouth 43 mm X 40 mm
			
			
			152 gr
			
		
		
			
			18
			
			
			Part of a socketed axe, earth attached and filling the inside, green patina and greenish surface, regular cut, Blade sharp with few dents, blade side deep
			
			
			A1 Plain
			
			
			Length 79 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 47 mm Mouth 32 mm X 28 mm
			
			
			189 gr
			
		
		
			
			19
			
			
			Blade of a socketed axe earth attached, polished shine dark surface, green patina, earth filling the inside, blade side slight deep, blade sharp, but curved on one side regular cut
			
			
			Socketed Axe
			
			
			Length 37 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 43 mm Mouth 17 mm X 28 mm
			
			
			77 gr
			
		
		
			
			20
			
			
			Part of a socketed axe, earth attached, green patina, regular cut
			
			
			Socketed axe
			
			
			Length 37 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 37 mm Mouth 16 mm X 29 mm
			
			
			83 gr
			
		
		
			
			21
			
			
			Blade of a socketed axe earth attached, green patina, earth attached, blade with two big dent, regular cut
			
			
			Socketed axe
			
			
			Length 39 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 40 mm Mouth 17 mm X 29 mm
			
			
			98 gr
			
		
		
			
			22
			
			
			Blade of a socketed axe earth attached and filling the inside, green patina, long cutting edge, sharp blade regular cut
			
			
			Socketed axe
			
			
			Length 30 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 58 mm Mouth 13 mm X 44 mm
			
			
			68 gr
			
		
		
			
			23
			
			
			Part of a blade of a socketed axe, earth on the surface and inside, green patina, square small mark, cast seam on the side, regular cut
			
			
			Socketed axe
			
			
			Length 56 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 34 mm Mouth 31 mm X 16 mm
			
			
			108 gr
			
		
		
			
			24
			
			
			Blade of a socketed axe, some earth attached, green patina, dark polished surface, irregular cut, sharp blade
			
			
			Socketed axe
			
			
			Length 62 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 47 mm Mouth 30 mm X 16 mm
			
			
			105 gr
			
		
		
			
			25
			
			
			Blade of a socketed axe, some earth attached, green patina, dark polished surface, sharp blade with few dent and a blade tip
			
			
			Socketed axe
			
			
			Length 35 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 46 mm Mouth 16 mm X 34 mm
			
			
			80 gr
			
		
		
			
			26
			
			
			Part of a blade , half perforated hole present, some earth attached, green patina, sharp edge, with few dent, regular cut
			
			
			N/A
			
			
			35 mm by 24 mm
			
			
			12 gr
			
		
		
			
			27
			
			
			Part of a socketed knife, four hole present, some earth attached, green patina, part of the sharp blade, regular cut
			
			
			Socketed Knife
			
			
			73 mm by 24 mm
			
			
			38 gr
			
		
		
			
			28
			
			
			Part of a blade, some earth attached, green patina, sharp edge, with few dent, regular cut
			
			
			N/A
			
			
			26 mm by 25 mm
			
			
			22 gr
			
		
		
			
			29
			
			
			Blade of a Gouge, earth attached, green patina, sharp blade with some dent.
			
			
			Gouge
			
			
			Length 53 mm Width ( Cutting edge) 30 mm Mouth 15 mm X 14 mm
			
			
			72 gr
			
		
		
			
			30
			
			
			Part of a bracelet, earth, patina, rounded on the outside
			
			
			Bracelet
			
			
			10 mm by 55 mm
			
			
			12 gr
			
		
	


Discussion:

The objects that make up this find are all typical of Ewart Park phase hoards (c. 900-800 BC) in the south-east of England. The composition of the hoard and the scrap-like (fragmentary) condition of the objects is comparable to others found in Kent (see Turner 2010 for fexamples). The shape and size of ingot (No. 1) is notable and relatively unusual, as is the presence of a bracelet fragment (No. 30), although it can be paralleled, for example, in the hoard from Minnis Bay, Isle of Thanet (Ibid.).

Conclusion: 

As a single find of more than two prehistoric objects of copper alloy, this find (consisting of objects Nos. 1-30) qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 (Designation Order 2002","Please note that soil adhered to many of the objects and the weights cannot be taken as final.&nbsp;

Images yet to come from the BM",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-08-01T00:00:00Z,,2018T660,,,,,,,31,,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Adisham,TR2354,,51.24156816,1.19351164,KENT-0FE83E,,,,,,,
918327,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Two fragments of a cast copper-alloy Late Bronze Age (c. 1000-800 BC) socketed axe of South Eastern Class A. The larger fragment comprising roughly a quarter of the upper shaft is broadly trapezoidal in plan and wedge-shaped in profile. The axe has a double mouth moulding which is very worn. The surviving body of the axe is broadly rectangular with gently tapering sides. On one face there is a semi-circular shaped loop with an oval perforation infilled with deposition residue. The fragment is broken along the upper casting seam but unevenly along the other sections of the body. The fragment measures 40mm in length, a maximum of 26mm in width at the socket end and is 5.5mm thick. It weighs 27.80 grams.



The smaller fragment is a broken section of the axe's sub-square shaped socketed body. The fragment is sub-rectangular in plan and broadly rectangular in section, and is angled at one end. The small fragment does not attatch in any obvious way to the larger fragment but the material and composition indicate that they are both from the same object. The fragment measures 25mm in length, 20mm in width and a maximum of 5.5mm in thickness. The fragment weighs 14.08 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-15T23:00:00Z,2018-06-15T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,2,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Chalgrove,SU6396,GPS (from the finder),51.65926267,-1.09062348,BH-110C09,,BH110C09.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH110C09.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1029318.jpg
918540,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1700,"A complete copper alloy miniature flat axe or possibly a chisel, 59.5mm in length and dating to the early to late early Bronze Age (2050 BC- 1700BC).



The axe has straight sides, expanding into a cutting edge, which is curved and 26mm across, with a cutting edge around 1mm thick. The butt end narrows to 15.1mm in width and is slightly convex. There are no flanges or other features. The profile of the axe is lenticular or an elongated pointed oval with a maximum thickness at the centre of 7.3mm. The surface is heavily pitted with the brownish-green patina of copper-alloy - suggesting a date after the very earliest period when axes were made of copper rather than bronze","This object's form is similar to full-sized, solid flat axes, resembling a smaller version of the earliest and simplest solid cast copper alloy axe-heads with tapering sides and rounded butts. It is uncertain whether it is a miniature axe or a chisel intended for fine working or was intended as a votive object; it is larger than other miniature axes (eg.HAMP-B3BE22, HAMP-657353) which have been proposed to have a votive function (Robinson, P; 1995).



Miniature flat axes such as this tend to fit in the chronology at the very end of the early Bronze Age when developed axes are starting out. It is likely that this example is dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II-III), of metalworking tradition phase IV-V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2050 - 1700 CAL. BC. Axes of this size and form are difficult to parallel, Schmidt & Burgess (1981) catalogue a number of small developed flat axes as Variant Swinton (p 67-8, nos. 375-380) but all examples are between 87mm and 92mm in length. Although this example is smaller it may have been used for a similar function.



See also LANCUM-B28EB0.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,37.8,,,7.3,59.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Kent,Tunbridge Wells,Hawkhurst,TQ7633,From finder,51.06934646,0.51067309,SUR-267CEF,,SUR267CEF.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR267CEF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1028078.jpg
918585,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper alloy fragment (tip section) of a socketed spearhead, dating from the mid to late Bronze Age c. 1500 - 800 BC. The socket is roughly sub oval in form and stops at 4 cm from the point. The side blades have been heavily abraded in the ground, loosing much of their shape and cutting edges. Now a dark black/green surface has been 'oiled', disguising the original patina.



Probably Davis Group 11 'Generic' - Object Datasheet No.3   A Short Guide to Late Bronze Age Spearheads",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,27.5,,,9.5,62.6,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Goring,SU6079,From finder,51.50675504,-1.13688793,BERK-359D1B,,BERK359D1B.jpg,Bronze Age Spear tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/BERK359D1B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1028028.jpg
918857,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"A fragment of a copper-alloy possible palstave of middle Bronze Age date (c. 1150-700 BC).



Description: The fragment, which appears to have been broken off in antiquity, consists of the extreme top piece of the implement's attachment end and appears to have been slightly twisted upon breakage. The width and thickness extend gradually from the irregular top edge to the point of the break. On both sides of the axe a ridge extends along each vertical edge, increasing in height towards the point of the break.The artefact has a mid green patina.



Measurements: The piece measures 27mm long, 13.04mm wide and 10.75mm thick. It weighs 17.18g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-08-07T23:00:00Z,,,,17.18,,,10.75,27,1,Wendy Thompson,Wendy Thompson,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,Blue Bell Hill and Walderslade,TQ7460,Generated from computer mapping software,51.31250897,0.49522751,PUBLIC-3CB266,,palisteraxeend.jpg,PUBLIC-3CB266 PALSTAVE FRAGMENT,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ynwhsh7/palisteraxeend.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1028242.jpg
918968,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A fragment of a copper alloy rapier or dagger blade of Bronze Age date. The fragment is rectangular in plan and eliptical to lozenge-shaped in cross-section, tapering out from a central rib. The edges are chipped and damaged but appear to have been straight. One end terminates in a diagonal break, the other in a straight break. There is green patina around the diagonal break, the rest of the object has a dark olive brown patina.



Similar objects on this database, for example WILT-9D21F1, SUR-750511, WILT-90C8FE are dated to the Middle Bronze Age, circa 1500 - 1200 BC.



The fragment is 42.4 mm long, 11.6 mm wide and 3.8 mm thick. Weight is 7.9 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-07-31T23:00:00Z,2018-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,7.9,,,3.8,42.4,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Cotham,SK8047,From finder,53.01433609,-0.80899998,DENO-4F8A6A,,DENO4F8A6A.jpg,Bronze Age Rapier,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/snicholson/DENO4F8A6A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1052328.jpg
918988,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"A gold-plated copper alloy penannular 'lock ring' of Late Bronze Age date. The ring consists of a central core in copper alloy covered by sheets of gold: one on the front and the back of the ring and one on the inner side. This inner sheet is now detached from the core and irregularly folded, whilst the edges of the first sheet on one side are lifted. The gold sheet is decorated on both surface with seven concentric incised lines following the shape of the ring.



The ring is C-shaped in plan with a gap of 2.7 mm. It is and triangular in cross-section, with a flat inner side, flat surfaces and a prominent external rim. It is worn with several blackened spots along the sheets of gold.



The ring measures 24.9 mm in diameter and weighs 5.01 g.



Gold or gold-on-base-metal rings and penannular rings are characteristic finds of the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC) and they could have been used as hair-rings or earrings and are often found in pairs. They are usually decorated with repousse' decoration or with fine concentric incised lines imitating fine wire works. More rarely, lock-rings are made from plates obtained from individual gold wires soldered together.



A close parallel is BERK-4A433E (2016 T106) dating to 1150-800 BC. Another similar parallel but without copper alloy core is no. W.20 in British Museum Collection, dating to BC 1150-750.","This item was found before 1996 and therefore as there is no evidence it was buried with the intention to recover it would not be classed as Treasure under the pre-1996 law (ie the law of Treasure Trove).



It was found in a heap of soil, some of which was brought in to make up ground during construction so it clear it originally came from the area.



Despite this uncertainty over findspot it has been recorded as this type of object is rare and it was felt important to add it to the corpus.",4,Copper alloy,Gold,Returned to finder,Building work,,,,,5.01,,24.9,,,1,Sabrina Ruffino,Sabrina Ruffino,South West,Devon,Exeter,St. Loyes,SX9692,Generated from computer mapping software,50.71829159,-3.4745737,SOM-50218D,,SOM50218D.jpg,Bronze Age penannular 'lock ring',The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sab91/SOM50218D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1028359.jpg
918994,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete lozenge-shaped portion of copper alloy spearhead dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1550 - 1250 BC. The surviving fragment is from the area near the tip. The fragment is slightly curved, which could indicate that it was intentionally broken in antiquity.



Circa 12-15mm of the tip apears to be missing. There are three central ribs running longitudinally on both aspects. The central ribbed area is 6mm thick and 8mm wide. The blade width narrows from 15mm-11mm. Weight 6.2g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.2,,,6,19,1,Anne Atkinson,Anne Atkinson,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Fiskerton,TF0671,From finder,53.22547899,-0.41367588,PUBLIC-5070A1,,PUBLIC5070A1.jpg,Late Bronze Age spear,Lincolnshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adaubney/PUBLIC5070A1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1036384.jpg
919570,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-600,"A complete copper alloy probable awl dating to the Bronze Age period (c. 900-600 BC). The object is circular in section at its upper most point, widening at the middle and then narrowing to a square-sectioned and sharply pointed lower end. The circular sectioned and square sectioned ends are separated by a ridge below the widened middle.



Comparable examples can be seen in Read (2001: 91) numbers 695 and 696. 696 in particular is closer in shape and has been suggested as a possible awl or a straw-splitter.



The overall dimensions are as follows: 41.39mm in length, 6.69mm in thickness and 4.31g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.31,,,6.69,41.39,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Brandon and Bretford,SP4377,Centred on field,52.3893444,-1.36958355,WMID-B6A4E7,,WMIDB6A4E7.jpg,A Bronze Age Awl,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WMIDB6A4E7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1028820.jpg
919864,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"Copper-alloy looped palstave dating to the middle Bronze Age (c. 1300 - 1150 BC). The object is broadly lozenge-shaped in section. It has a narrow, elongated blade which widens and narrows to the cutting edge, and a rectangular septum at the other end, with raised sides. There is a loop to one side at the juncture between blade and septum. The object has a worn, dark-brown surface with patches of green copper corrosion. It is 178.0mm in length, 53.4mm in width and 34.1mm in thickness.



This type of palstave is typically dated to the middle Bronze Age on analogy with excavated examples. Similar palstaves are recorded on the database, including: SOM-06B194.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,34.1,178,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Amber Valley,South Wingfield,SK3855,Centred on village (which isn't a parish),53.09086524,-1.43404332,LANCUM-E2C0A7,,PALSTAVE.jpg,Copper-alloy palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/PALSTAVE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1029065.jpg
920339,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Description: A dispersed hoard of 17 Plastaves, 30 Socketed Axesheads and 5 pieces of casting waste.



1 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is rectangular in form and cross section, small portions of the cutting edge are missing and abraded.



There is a stop-ridge halfway down the length of the palstave. The loop is integral and is situated on the surface between the two recessed portions. The flanges are recurved and the septum form an H shape. recurved flanges to contain the handle. The blade, which has an elongated flared triangular cross section, tapers in width from the point it joins the butt. Each narrow side, just below the butt recess, is a small triangular recess with a slightly raised border.



Length: 135.66mm, Width: 26.57mm, Thickness: 16.94mm, Weight: 282g



The metal is a dark greenish brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



2 A complete copper alloy Plastave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The cutting edge has flared edges which taper in toward the handle end. The cutting edge is has an uneven plan, probably due to wear. There is a stop-ridge halfway down the length of the palstave. The loop is integral and is situated on the surface between the two recessed portions. The flanges and septum form an H shape. The casting lines on the body have been ground down toward the blade end but are visible below the loop.



Length: 142.20mm, Width: 27.10mm, Thickness: 17.83mm, Weight: 311g



The metal is a dark greenish brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



3 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form and is missing a portion due to post-depositional processes. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. There is a small amount of one flange missing due to post-depositional processes. There are three ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There are two raised ridges extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges.



Length: 149.01mm, Width: 21.09mm, Thickness: 22.73mm, Weight: 388g



The metal is a dark greenish brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



4 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form and is missing a portions resulting in the edges undulating form. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. Portions of one flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There is a single, central raised ridge, extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges.



Length: 145.31mm, Width: 20.82mm, Thickness: 21.03mm, Weight: 370g



The metal is a dark greenish brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



5 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form and is flat at its terminating edge is flat. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There is a single, central raised ridge, extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges.



Length: 141.31mm, Width: 23.55mm, Thickness: 21.24mm, Weight: 341g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



6 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form and is flat at its terminating edge is flat. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. There is a small portion of one of the flanges is missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There is a single, central raised ridge, extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges.



Length: 146.27mm, Width: 24.20mm, Thickness: 21.83mm, Weight: 365g



The metal is a dark greenish brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



7 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a slightly flared triangular form. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. There is a small portion of one of the flanges is missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There is a single, central raised ridge, extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges. There is a small portion of the butt edge missing.



Length: 136.00mm, Width: 22.69mm, Thickness: 20.42mm, Weight: 338g



The metal is a dark greenish brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



8 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form and is flat at its terminating edge. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There is a single, central raised ridge, extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges.



Length: 146.86mm, Width: 24.46mm, Thickness: 22.78mm, Weight: 366g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



9 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form and is flat at its terminating edge. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There is a single, central raised ridge, extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges. The butt edge is irregular in plan.



Length: 146.54mm, Width: 24.11mm, Thickness: 23.52mm, Weight: 319g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



10 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500- 1150 BC). The object is a slender palstave. The cutting edge has a crescentic form with slightly flared tips. The edge is missing portions of side due to post-depositional processes. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The stopridge is flush with the flange. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. The flange ends at the stopridge resulting in a shield shape. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There is a single, central raised ridge, extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges. The butt edge is irregular in plan.



Length: 136.28mm, Width: 23.99mm, Thickness: 16.27mm, Weight: 252g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a pitted patina



11 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. One of the flanges is damaged and bent inward toward the septum. There is a single, central raised ridge, extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges.



Length: 142.21mm, Width: 22.05mm, Thickness: 21.38mm, Weight: 350g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



12 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular and flared form. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. There is a small portion of one flange missing due to post-depositional processes. There are three ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges.



Length: 144.85mm, Width: 24.95mm, Thickness: 22.87mm, Weight: 430g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



13 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form and is flat at its terminating edge with the exception of a small missing portion toward the centre of the edge. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There is a single, central raised ridge, extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges. The butt edge is irregular in plan.



Length: 143.46mm, Width: 22.99mm, Thickness: 21.81mm, Weight: 363g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



14 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular plan with a large portion of the blade missing due to an old abraded break. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. There is a small amount of one flange missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four, short, inverted ridges extending from the stopridge. The flanges and septum form an H shape. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges.



Length: 163.37mm, Width: 21.51mm, Thickness: 22.49mm, Weight: 445g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



15 A complete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There is a single, central raised ridge, extending from the stopridge to the butt end on both sides. The object retains a shallow partially removed casting seam around the upper and lower edges. The butt edge is irregular in plan.



Length: 141.46mm, Width: 21.90mm, Thickness: 20.63mm, Weight: 351g



The metal is a dark to mid green in colour with a slightly pitted patina



16 A complete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. The object retains a casting seam around the upper and lower edges. The butt edge is irregular in plan.



Length: 148.42mm, Width: 20.71mm, Thickness: 22.52mm, Weight: 346g



The metal is a dark greenish brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



17 A complete copper alloy Palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a slender looped palstave. The cutting edge has a triangular form with slightly flared edge and is missing a portion from the centre of the cutting edge due to an old abraded break. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. There are four ridges extending from the stopridge along a quarter of the length of the blade. The flanges and septum form an H shape. The object retains a casting seam around the upper and lower edges. The butt edge is irregular in plan.



Length: 145.87mm, Width: 20.77mm, Thickness: 22.38mm, Weight: 334g



The metal is a mid greenish brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



18 A complete copper alloy Socketed axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar. The object is rectangular and expands towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. There are five raised vertical ribs on both faces, running from the lower collar to half the length of the body. The sides taper towards the blade. There is a circumferentially running casting seam visible along the length of both the upper and lower sides. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. The socketed end is irregular in plan and is possibly miscast.



Length: 96.96mm, Width: 28.43mm, Thickness: 27.26mm, Weight: 240g



The metal is a mid greenish brown in colour with a pitted patina



19 A complete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. The socketed end has a small portion missing.



Length: 93.83mm, Width: 32.82mm, Thickness: 28.69mm, Weight: 227g



The metal is a dark green in colour with a smooth patina



20 A complete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object.



Length: 98.75mm, Width: 27.51mm, Thickness: 29.54mm, Weight: 233g



The metal is a dark to mid green in colour with a slightly pitted patina



21 An incomplete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. The outer edges of the flared portion of the cutting edge forms a raised chevron to either side of the blade. A small portion of the cutting edge is missing due to an old abraded break. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object.



Length: 94.10mm, Width: 29.64mm, Thickness: 29.82mm, Weight: 247g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



22 A complete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade which flares out slightly. Both outer edges of the blade are missing due to old abraded breaks. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. There is a single perforating, rectangular gouge below one side of the loop.



Length: 104.87mm, Width: 31.89mm, Thickness: 26.56mm, Weight: 267g



The metal is brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



23 A complete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. The socked end is irregular and possibly miscast.



Length: 100.24mm, Width: 29.59mm, Thickness: 28.24mm, Weight: 249g



The metal is mid greenish-brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



24 A complete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Late Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The object is part of the Ewart Park metalworking assemblage. The axehead is triangular in plan, tapering to the blade which is flared and so wider than the socket end. The central portion of the object is slightly waisted. The object has a round section socket and is undecorated except for a single moulded ridge around the socket apeture. There is a single integrally cast, D-shaped loop on the underside of the axehead and a casting seam that runs the length of the object from blade to socket on the upper side.



Length: 99.06mm, Width: 26.69mm, Thickness: 25.89mm, Weight: 155g



The metal is dark green in colour with a predominantly smooth patina



25 A complete copper-alloy socketed Axehead of Late Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The object is sub-rectangular in plan and triangular in profile. The mouth of the axe is in the form of a round-cornered square which is bordered by a pronounced rounded lip which forms a prominent ridge around the top of the axe. A second less pronounced ridge, running around the axe, is located below the first in a double mouth moulding. The axe has a single D-shaped loop. There is no decoration. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. The blade edge is at an angle possibly due to ware.



Length: 104.45mm, Width: 29.70mm, Thickness: 28.96mm, Weight: 199g



The metal is dark brown/green in colour with a predominantly smooth patina



26 A complete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Late Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The axehead is triangular in plan, tapering to the blade which is flared and so wider than the socket end. There are portions of the cutting edge missing due to old abraded breaks. The central portion of the object is narrower than the socket and cutting edge, giving it the appearance of being slightly waisted. The object has a round section socket and is undecorated except for a single moulded ridge around the socket aperture. There is a single integrally cast, D-shaped loop on the underside of the axehead and a casting seam that runs the circumferentially around the blade.



Length: 97.82mm, Width: 30.71mm, Thickness: 26.27mm, Weight: 240g



The metal is dark green and brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



27 An incomplete copper-alloy socketed Axehead of Late Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The object is wedge-shaped with a square double ridged socketed mouth. The object tapers out toward the cutting edge which is curved and flared at the sides. There are portions of the cutting edge missing due to old abraded breaks. The central portion of the object is narrower than the socket and cutting edge, giving it the appearance of being slightly waisted. There is a single integrally cast, D-shaped loop on the underside of the axehead and a casting seam that runs the circumferentially around the blade.



Length: 100.81mm, Width: 28.71mm, Thickness: 29.80mm, Weight: 266g



The metal is dark green in colour with a slightly pitted patina



28 An incomplete copper-alloy socketed Axehead of Late Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The object is wedge-shaped with a sub-rectangular, double ridged socketed mouth. The object tapers out toward the cutting edge which is curved and flared at the sides. There are portions of the cutting edge missing due to old abraded breaks. The central portion of the object is narrower than the socket and cutting edge, giving it the appearance of being slightly waisted. There is a single integrally cast, D-shaped loop on the underside of the axehead and a casting seam that runs the circumferentially around the blade. The socketed end has been struck on both upper and lower surfaces, resulting in breaks and the collapse of the socket.



Length: 103.91mm, Width: 32.04mm, Thickness: 23.10mm, Weight: 241g



The metal is dark brown in colour with a predominantly smooth patina



29 An incomplete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. The outer edges of the flared portion of the cutting edge forms a raised chevron to either side of the blade. A small portion of the cutting edge is missing due to an old abraded break. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object.



Length: 91.93mm, Width: 27.00mm, Thickness: 27.66mm, Weight: 231g



The metal is a dark greenish brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



30 An incomplete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a sub-rectangular mouth bordered by single moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. The outer edges of the flared portion of the cutting edge forms a raised chevron to either side of the blade. Small portions of the cutting edge is missing due to old abraded breaks. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. The socket has been struck on one side resulting in a longitudinal break and the partial collapse of the socket.



Length: 96.53mm, Width: 29.26mm, Thickness: 26.59mm, Weight: 273g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a pitted patina



31 An incomplete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a sub-rectangular mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. The outer edges of the flared portion of the cutting edge forms a raised chevron to either side of the blade. Small portions of the cutting edge is missing due to old abraded breaks. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object.



Length: 91.71mm, Width: 28.89mm, Thickness: 30.18mm, Weight: 234g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a pitted patina



32 An incomplete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a sub-rectangular mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. The outer edges of the flared portion of the cutting edge forms a raised chevron to either side of the blade. Small portions of the cutting edge is missing due to old abraded breaks. No decoration is visible on either face. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object.



Length: 89.93mm, Width: 29.84mm, Thickness: 28.52mm, Weight: 220g



The metal is a dark green and brown in colour with a pitted patina



33 An incomplete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a sub-rectangular mouth bordered by a double moulded ridge with a circumferential groove between. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. The outer edges of the flared portion of the cutting edge forms a raised chevron to either side of the blade. Small portions of the cutting edge is missing due to old abraded breaks. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. The socket has been struck on both sides, resulting in a longitudinal break on one side, a missing portion on the other and the partial collapse of the socket.



Length: 89.90mm, Width: 33.93mm, Thickness: 25.21mm, Weight: 222g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



34 A complete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. Small portions of the cutting edge are missing due to old and abraded breaks. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object.



Length: 107.00mm, Width: 26.56mm, Thickness: 31.20mm, Weight: 267g



The metal is mid greenish-brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



35 An incomplete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands towards the. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running along the side of the object without the loop. Small portions of the socket are missing due to old abraded breaks.



Length: 105.75mm, Width: 29.23mm, Thickness: 30.36mm, Weight: 275g



The metal is dark greenish-brown in colour with a pitted patina



36 A complete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar. The object is rectangular and expands towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. There are five raised vertical ribs on both faces, running from the lower collar to half the length of the body. The sides taper towards the blade. There is a circumferentially running casting seam visible along the length of both the upper and lower sides. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. The socketed end is irregular in plan and is possibly miscast.



Length: 105.42mm, Width: 33.03mm, Thickness: 32.18mm, Weight: 372g



The metal is a mid greenish brown in colour with a pitted patina



37 An incomplete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar. The object is rectangular and expands towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. There are five raised vertical ribs on one face, with two on the opposing face, running from the lower collar to half the length of the body. The sides taper towards the blade. Portions of the cutting edge are missing due to old abraded breaks. There is a circumferentially running casting seam visible along the length of both the upper and lower sides. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object.



Length: 102.93mm, Width: 29.56mm, Thickness: 31.99mm, Weight: 323g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a pitted patina



38 An incomplete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade end. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. A portion of the cutting edge is missing due to an old abraded break.



Length: 97.20mm, Width: 29.01mm, Thickness: 27.00mm, Weight: 227g



The metal is brown in colour with a pitted patina



39 An incomplete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade end. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object.



Length: 100.05mm, Width: 30.63mm, Thickness: 28.96mm, Weight: 205g



The metal is dark green in colour with a predominantly smooth patina



40 A complete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar. The object is rectangular and expands towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. There are five raised vertical ribs on both faces, running from the lower collar to half the length of the body. The sides taper towards the blade. There is a circumferentially running casting seam visible along the length of both the upper and lower sides. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. The socket is slightly irregular in plan and thickness.



Length: 98.22mm, Width: 28.64mm, Thickness: 29.96mm, Weight: 259g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a pitted patina



41 An incomplete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a rounded mouth bordered by a double collar. The object is rectangular and expands towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. There is minor abrasion to the cutting edge. There are six raised vertical ribs on both faces, running from the lower collar to half the length of the body. The sides taper towards the blade. There is a circumferentially running casting seam visible along the length of both the upper and lower sides. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop.



Length: 98.72mm, Width: 28.46mm, Thickness: 29.32mm, Weight: 250g



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a pitted patina



42 An incomplete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a rounded squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade end. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object.



Length: 100.96mm, Width: 30.04mm, Thickness: 29.91mm, Weight: 268g



The metal is brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



43 A complete copper-alloy socketed Axehead of Late Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The object is wedge-shaped with a square double ridged socketed mouth. The object tapers out toward the cutting edge which is curved and flared at the sides. There is a single integrally cast, D-shaped loop on the underside of the axehead and a casting seam that runs the circumferentially around the blade.



Length: 102.84mm, Width: 21.47mm, Thickness: 32.73mm, Weight: 226g



The metal is dark green in colour with a slightly pitted patina



44 An incomplete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a single moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade end. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. Portions of the cutting edge and socket are missing due to old abraded breaks.



Length: 83.25mm, Width: 25.93mm, Thickness: 27.43mm, Weight: 86g



The metal is brown in colour with a pitted patina



45 A complete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a squared mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade end. No decoration is visible on either face. The sides taper towards the blade. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running the length of the side without the loop.



Length: 76.69mm, Width: 24.84mm, Thickness: 24.75mm, Weight: 106g



The metal is green/brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



46 An incomplete copper alloy socketed Axehead of Late Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The object is composed of a rounded square mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. Each face has a pair of raised lines extending to below the cutting edge. The cutting edge is curved with flared edges. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade end. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object. Small portions of the cutting edge are missing due to old abraded breaks.



Length: 76.91mm, Width: 25.38mm, Thickness: 26.46mm, Weight: 157g



The metal is green/brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina



47 An incomplete socketed Axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is composed of a sub-rectangular mouth bordered by a double collar comprising a prominent moulded ridge above a shallow moulded ridge. The object is rectangular and expands slightly towards the blade which flares into the curved cutting edge. The outer edges of the flared portion of the cutting edge forms a raised chevron to either side of the blade. Small portions of the cutting edge is missing due to old abraded breaks. No decoration is visible on either face. On one side is a D-sectioned integral loop. There is a casting seam running circumferentially around the object.



Length: 52.01mm, Width: 22.30mm, Thickness: 21.52mm, Weight: 63g



The metal is a dark green and brown in colour with a pitted patina



48-52 Four piece of copper alloy 'cremation slag', 'clinker' or 'cramp' and a partial sub-circular copper plug.



48 Length: 39.39mm, Width: 38.20mm, Thickness: 16.08mm, Weight: 84g



49 Length: 72.74mm, Width: 40.01mm, Thickness: 27.80mm, Weight: 244g



50 Length: 98.44mm, Width: 75.40mm, Thickness: 33.06mm, Weight: 862g



51 Length: 68.53mm, Width: 42.56mm, Thickness: 34.92mm, Weight: 507g



52 Length: 107.76mm, Width: 95.20mm, Thickness: 33.66mm, Weight: 955g","The objects were found is close proximity and are associated, they are of prehistoric date and consequently qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",3,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2018T806,,,,,,,52,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Deanshanger,SP7540,From finder,52.05332091,-0.90763907,NARC-49AFF5,,GroupImage3NARC49AFF5.jpg,NARC-49AFF5 : Hoard : Bronze Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/GroupImage3NARC49AFF5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1029625.jpg
920359,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1300,"A complete cast copper-alloy flanged axehead, dating from the Early to Middle Bronze Age (c.1400-1250 BC). This object is probably a Schmidt and Burgess Type Ulrome, No. 542 (1981: plate 43).



The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan with a narrow, squared butt end which is wedge-shaped in section, tapering at the terminal. There are four individual flanges, on the front and back of the axehead and either side. The flanges start near the butt end, where they gradually curve upwards in profile and are thicker in section towards the crest. The crest of the flanges are a rounded point. After the crest, each flange becomes thicker in section and slopes downwards in profile, more abruptly compared to the other side of the crest. This side of each flange is curved inwards to the centre of the object, with a slight internal ridge. On the exterior profile of the flanges, on both sides of the axehead, there are two lengthwise ridges which run along the base of each flange, tapering towards the butt end. The flanges terminate approximately mid-way along the body of the axehead. Although there is a lack of a defined stop ridge to secure the handle, there is a slight ridge which starts at the end of the thicker, curved side of the flanges and it is curved towards the butt end. This curved ridge is more apparent on one side of the axehead than the other, due to the level or corrosion on this object. The side with the more clear curved ridge, also has two ridges which start at the end of the flanges and form a point, facing the blade end of the object. These ridges, along with the curved ridge, form a triangle with a curved base shape on the body of the axehead. After the flanges, the body of the axehead gradually widens in plan and curves outwards, relatively close to the terminal of the blade end. The section of the body gradually tapers towards the blade end. The plan of the blade is crescent shaped and is chipped in several places along the blade edge.



The axehead is in a fair condition, with most of the detail and dark green patina being visible. The surface of the object is pitted with evidence of active bronze disease and has some patches of orange-brown.



It is 132.81mm in length, 47.33mm in width at the blade end, 22.27mm in width at the butt end, 30.84mm thick at the flanges and 13.48mm thick at the mid-pont of the body.



Another flanged axehead which is similar to this object was recorded by the Durham Portable Antiquities Scheme: DUR-41AE2E. Other examples on the PAS database include: IOW-DC1AD8; LANCUM-B39815; SWYOR-BAA720; and DENO-D22101. This axehead is possibly Schmidt and Burgess Type Ulrome, with No. 542 being the closest parallel as it has the same profile shape and has similar ridges on the body, a triangle with a curved base, as well as the ridges on the side of the flanges match this object (1981: plate 43).



(Schmidt, P.K., Burgess, C., 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. C.H.Beck.)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,30.84,132.81,1,Rebecca Mansfield,Rebecca Mansfield,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Richmondshire,Hornby,SE2193,,54.33213787,-1.67856824,DUR-4A600B,,DUR4A600B.jpg,DUR-4A600B,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DUR4A600B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1065685.jpg
920403,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-800,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy Cherwell variant Ewart Park sword dating to the period c. 900 - 800 BC. Octagonal-sectioned socketed handle with two rivet holes positioned on the long axis on each face, now filled with corossion product. Within the socket is a fragment of wood, traces of a white substance, possibly adhesive (or wax) and a ring of corrosion product running around the mouth. The handle tapers slightly from a width of 25.5mm to 21.5mm before expanding into the shoulders to a maximum width of 42.1mm. The junction between the integrally cast blade and the hilt is stepped on both faces, with a central U-shaped cut out in the centre of the hilt. The blade tapers in width along its length from 41.2mm to 25mm, terminating in a transverse break. It has a lenticular cross-section with a pronounced median rib on both faces. The long edges are heavily abraded. The sword exhibits a smooth dark brown patina, with green patination along the edges, around the area of the break and areas which appear to have been abraded due to movement in the plough soil.



See: Colquhoun & Burgess 1988, The Swords of Britain, pl. 90, nos. 603 & 607.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-08-11T23:00:00Z,2018-08-11T23:00:00Z,,,136,,,21.5,111,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Great Moulton,TM1690,From finder,52.46519225,1.17832897,NMS-4DE0A9,,62979_4DE0A9_BA_Sword.jpg,Late Bronze Age Cherwell Variant Ewart Park Sword,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jshoemark5/62979_4DE0A9_BA_Sword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1029605.jpg
920496,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age socketed spear of Davis' (2012) Group 6 dating to the period c. 1550 - 1250 BC. The mouth of the socket is missing. It now commences in an old break just below the side loops. One loop is incomplete due to old damage; both are now filled with brown corrosion product. The socket tapers into the blade, creating a lozengiform mid-rib which extents beyond the socket. The tip of the blade is missing due to old breaks. The edges of the blade are broken and heavily abraded. The spear exhibits a heavily pitted dark green patina with smooth dark brown patches in places.



See: Davis, R. 2012. The Early and Middle Bronze Age spearheads of Britain. PBF V.5. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-08-11T23:00:00Z,2018-08-11T23:00:00Z,,,19.5,,14.5,10.5,58.9,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Great Moulton,TM1690,From finder,52.46519225,1.17832897,NMS-5E332E,,62979_5E332E_BA_Spear.jpg,Incomplete Middle Bronze Age socketed spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/62979_5E332E_BA_Spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1107147.jpg
920519,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-701,"Probable Bronze Age copper alloy casting jet. Oval, flat upper face (31mm x 25mm, height 21mm), obliquely anged lower face with the stumps of one runner. Weighs 35.79g. c.2,500-701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-13T23:00:00Z,2018-09-11T23:00:00Z,,,35.79,21,,,31,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Hevingham,TG2122,,52.75039921,1.27317066,NMS-5EDED4,,,,,,,
920613,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2000,-1100,"An incomplete copper alloy awl, possibly Bronze Age - Medieval in date, 2000 B.C. - AD.1100. The object is a single cast chisel with a flat terminal that widens towards the middle of the piece before tapering down to a point. The wider end terminates in a worn break, and is slightly bent inwards. The point is likely the tang of the object to be inserted into a wooden handle, and is roughly square in section. There is a slightly thicker collar below the tang. The object is undecorated, is mid to dark green in colour and has an uneven patina. Abrasion, caused by movement within the plough soil, has resulted in the loss of some original surface detail.



Small chisels and tools of this type were used for an extensive period of time, not simply in the Bronze Age, but also in later periods for jewellery making and fine work. As such dating the object is difficult.



The object is 74.75mm long, 14.11mm wide and 6.93mm thick. It weighs 17.4g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.4,,,6.93,74.75,1,Aimee Hinds,Aimee Hinds,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Stoke upon Tern,SJ6627,From finder,52.83943128,-2.50618692,WMID-628A80,,WMID628A80.jpg,"Bronze Age awl (profile, front, profile, reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ahinds/WMID628A80.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1029727.jpg
920690,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl comprising a rectangular-sectioned tang and a round-sectioned point, the end bent. Length (unbent) 39mm, width 6mm, weight 3.48g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-13T23:00:00Z,2018-09-11T23:00:00Z,,,3.48,,,,39,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Great Ellingham,TM0195,,52.515805,0.96085977,NMS-7399FC,,56901_7399FC_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/56901_7399FC_BA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155073.jpg
920865,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-600,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy leaf-shaped spearhead dating from the late Middle to late Bronze Age, 43.0mm in length and 13.8 maximum width, with a dark brown patina. The blade has a prominent mid-ridge, with a rounded trapezoidal cross section. There is a void, possibly a casting flaw, within the spine revealed at the break.



The spear was probably a socketed and pegged type as per WAW-C65A09. Circa 1100-600BC,",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.62,,,7.9,43,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Potterne,ST9857,From finder,51.31210928,-2.03007976,SUR-B18408,,SURB18408.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURB18408.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1030184.jpg
921227,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1200,410,"A small cast copper alloy fragment of probably Prehistoric to Roman date, possibly a fragment of a Bronze Age socketed tool, probably dating to c. 1200 BC - AD 410. A sub-rectangular fragment of copper alloy, with a grey-green patina and worn breaks on all sides. The fragment has an 'L'-Shaped cross section. 



Dimensions: length 15.4mm; width 9.3mm; thickness of fragment 5.6mm; thickness of wall 2.7mm; weight 1.91g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.91,,,5.6,15.4,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Rockbourne,SU0920,Centred on field,50.97934024,-1.87317343,WILT-CB7CBE,,WILTCB7CBE.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILTCB7CBE.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1032898.jpg
921319,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy sword blade probably dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1100BC - 800BC). The fragment is sub-rectuangular in plan and elongated lozenge-shaped in cross-section. The central mid-rib is defined on either side of the rib by a vertical line, occurring on both faces, before tapering towards the cutting edges. The cutting edges show signs of wear. The fragment is terminated by worn breaks at the top and bottom of the blade. The object has a dark green patina. 



The overall dimensions are as follows: 27.83mm in length, 37.58mm in width, 7.06mm in thickness and 26.15g in weight. 



Discussion



Similar examples recorded on the PAS database include: BERK-CCF74B; NMGW-FE5523; and BERK-CF2C22. 



Owing to the size of the fragment it in unclear what type of blade this object was attributed to and how long the original item would have been. However, as Domscheit (2014) discusses, 'Although swords have origins in the later part of the Middle Bronze Age of Taunton and Penard Metalworking Industries, occurrences of the types are comparatively unusual and leaf-shaped swords of Late Bronze Age date tend to be more commonly recovered'.



Reference:



Domscheit, W (2014) NMGW-FE5523: A BRONZE AGE BLADE



Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/643045



[Accessed: 10 Oct 2018 11:00:54]",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,26.15,,,7.06,27.83,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Compton,SU7615,GPS (from the finder),50.92945493,-0.91993923,WMID-DCF864,,WMIDDCF864.jpg,Bronze Age Blade Fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WMIDDCF864.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1030577.jpg
921356,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Fragment of Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, point missing, thin flat sectioned blade, the edge missing, the lower end broken just beyond where the hollow cast convex-sided blade begins to narrow towards the socket. Ancient breaks. The longitidinal median rib is of lozengiform section with a sharp arris on each face. Extant length 63mm. Extant width 21mm. Extant thickness 9mm. Weight 15.94g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-07-16T23:00:00Z,2018-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,15.94,,,9,63,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Old Buckenham,TM0791,,52.47765259,1.04666728,NMS-DE79B1,,40909_DE79B1_BA_Spear.jpg,Middle Bronze Age spearhead fragment,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/40909_DE79B1_BA_Spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1107970.jpg
921436,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age socket and looped spear head, now in two parts (see also: WILT-E14BAE) probably dating to 1550-1250 BC. This fragment comprises of the upper socket, circular in cross section and tapering towards the point, now lost, and with the wings of the blade projecting from either side. These are relatively flat in cross section, with the more complete tapering to a point at the edge. In plan the wings appear to have been relatively elongated, with a rounded base, although they are too incomplete to be certain of their form.



Dimensions: length 34.1mm; width 25.8mm; thickness 12.6mm; weight 12.1g.



The fragment fits with another (see: WILT-E14BAE), although the relative condition of the fragments and breaks would suggest that the breaks are due to more recent damage, rather than anything prior to or during deposition; thus, the fragments are not likely to constitute a hoard and do not qualify as treasure under the terms of the treasure act of 1996. The spear head fits into Davies' (2012, in 2017) Group 6, which he suggests accounts for almost half of EBA/MBA spear heads found in Britain and dates to the Acton Park and Taunton metal working phases.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.1,,,12.6,34.1,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chilmark,ST9634,GPS (from the finder),51.10528443,-2.05851037,WILT-E1266C,,WILTE1266C.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILTE1266C.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1032913.jpg
921441,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age socket and looped spear head, now in two parts (see also: WILT-E1266C) probably dating to 1550-1250 BC. This fragment comprises of the lower socket, circular in cross section and tapering towards the point, now lost, and with flattened attachment loops projecting from either side, these are sub oval when the spear head is viewed in profile.



Dimensions: length 41.7mm; width 19.8mm; diameter of mouth 16.4mm; weight 18.47g.



The fragment fits with another (see: WILT-E1266C), although the relative condition of the fragments and breaks would suggest that the breaks are due to more recent damage, rather than anything prior to or during deposition; thus, the fragments are not likely to constitute a hoard and do not qualify as treasure under the terms of the treasure act of 1996. The spear head fits into Davies' (2012, in 2017) form 6, which he suggests accounts for almost half of EBA/MBA spear heads found in Britiain and dates to the Acton Park and Taunton metal working phases.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.47,,16.4,,41.7,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chilmark,ST9634,GPS (from the finder),51.10528443,-2.05851037,WILT-E14BAE,,WILTE14BAE.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILTE14BAE.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1032915.jpg
921446,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy fragment of a blade, possibly a rapier, dating to the Bronze Age (c. 1500-1200 BC). The fragment is rectangular in plan and lozenge-shape in cross section - this being typical of the Bronze Age. The edges of the blade are narrow, rounded slightly and uneven, with minor patches of damage in places. The corners are also rounded. The shape of the blade is not quite parallel with one end being slightly wider than the other, but overall it has a relatively even profile. Both surfaces have a mid-brown patina while the edges are a mid-green. The blade measures 56mm in length. The narrower end is 18mm in width and 5mm thick, and the wider end 19mm wide and 5.5mm thick. It weighs 28.32 grams.



Several similar blades are recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database, all of which date to the Middle Bronze Age. This includes examples from Wiltshire (WILT-9D21F1, WILT-90C8FE) and West Sussex (SUR-750511).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-01-01T00:00:00Z,2018-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,28.32,,,5.5,56,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,Dacorum,Great Gaddesden,TL0510,GPS (from the finder),51.7788264,-0.47940934,BH-E1E7E6,,BHE1E7E6.jpg,Bronze Age blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BHE1E7E6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1032133.jpg
921483,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile. This fragment is square in plan, triangular in profile, and rectangular in section, as it comes from one edge of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The surface of the ingot is pitted where air bubbles formed during the casting process. There are dark green and coppery brown areas and light green patches of bronze disease. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers' hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2016 T20) from St Levan (CORN-E8DF11) and in another hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which were found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, no.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar plano-convex ingot from Marldon in Devon on page 79, pl.6, no.146a (see DEV-677584). Also see the ingots recorded in DEV-D9F1E2 (2011T441) which are dated from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-08T23:00:00Z,2018-09-08T23:00:00Z,,,261.15,,,19,57,1,Caroline Dudley,Caroline Dudley,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Gwinear-Gwithian,SW5840,From finder,50.21040947,-5.39315583,CORN-F1EEDC,,DSCN6819.JPG,ingot (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN6819.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1030743.jpg
921552,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy Bronze Age socketed axehead (c. 1100 - 800 BC). Only the cutting edge remains. The fragment is sub-rectangular in plan, sub-rectangular in profile, and triangular in section. The fragment is hollow with an internal triangular recess tapering to a point towards the cutting edge. The edges and faces of the axehead fragment are smooth and precise. The break is uneven and runs diagonally down the body of the axehead. Unfortunately not enough remains of the axehead to be able to identify it more precisely or attribute a closer date.



The metal has a green patina. The axehead fragment is 27.6mm in length, 44.0mm in width, 12.5mm thick, and weighs 39.9g.



Similar objects have been recorded on the database as YORYM-F04668, NLM-3CB08D, LVPL-653004, and YORYM-B41E65.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,39.9,,,12.5,27.6,1,Miss Emily Tilley,Miss Emily Tilley,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Market Weighton,SE8842,From finder,53.86676196,-0.66326058,YORYM-F4A2BC,,CW0453.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead.,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ertilley/CW0453.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1030605.jpg
921640,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1050,-950,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) palstave axe with side loop and three decorative ribs. It is most probably from the period 1050-950 BC which fits with Wilburton and Penard assemblages of the later Middle and earlier Late Bronze Age; this corresponds with Needham (1996) Period 5-6 fitting with Metalworking Assemblage X. The axe is relatively diminutive (small) when compared to most palstaves being broadly rectangular in plan and ovoid in profile. The blade of the palstave has straight sides that flare to form a crescent shaped cutting edge. The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile). The butt of the axe has been damaged and is incomplete; although only a small part has probably been lost. The two sides flare progressively from the butt to the raised and thickened stop. The flanges are fused to the stop and the septum of the axe is smooth and undecorated. The casting seams and associated flashes on either side (long edge) have been trimmed and hammered flat. An integrally cast side loop descends on one edge; it is positioned astride the stop. The loop is D-shaped in cross-section. Below the stop ridge of the axe on the upper blade are three ribs - a central one and two tapering ones; these descend from the thickened stop and taper to an undefined edge at the mid-part of the upper blade. The ribs are present on both faces - although are better defined on one. The palstave has a well-defined polished mid-green coloured surface patina which is relatively well preserved. A small amount of surface abrasion and corrosion is present - mostly limited to the external edges. The break across the butt is patinated with a slightly lighter green patina suggesting damage in antiquity but more recent than deposition. More recent plough damage is visible on each surface but especially on the cutting edge, the loop and one face of the blade.



The palstave axe fits well with those known from the later period - most specifically defined as 'later palstaves' due to its size it is difficult to align it with a sub type - although it does have the majority of the traits identified as Type Isleham or more probably Type Nettlesham (after Burgess & Schmidt). This type is relatively uncommon with only a few examples being recorded on the PAS database. Good parallels can be seen from Hockenhul, Cheshire (LVPL-B27017) and also a mixed hoard of Late palstaves and socketed axes from Amport, Hampshire (HAMP-4DE734 etc). The nature of this hoard suggests this form of decorated axe has a potentially long life (well into the Ewart Park phase of the later Bronze Age (1000-750 BC).



The palstave measures: 152.5mm length, is 44.3mm width across the blade, 20.5mm width across the butt, the axe is 36.4mm thick across the stop and the septum is 6.7mm thick at the butt. The side flanges raise to a height of 6.7mm above the septum and the stop is 11.7mm. The axehead weighs 462.21 grams",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,,462.21,,,36.4,152.5,1,Peter Reavill,Meghan King,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Bassetlaw,East Drayton,SK7676,From finder,53.27554622,-0.86174019,DENO-07C564,,DENO07C564.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO07C564.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1035754.jpg
921676,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of a Middle or late Bronze Age copper alloy spear head, probably dating to c. 1550-800 BC. The surviving fragment comprises of the mid-rib, circular in cross section and tapering from the top of the socket to the point, which is lost to abrasion. Vestigial remains of highly abraded wings project from either side of the rib.



Dimensions: length 34.5mm; width 14.4mm; thickness 9.7mm; weight 12.20g.



The presence of a midrib would suggest a date in the Middle or Late Bronze Age (Davis 2016; 2017).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.2,,,9.7,34.5,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Downton,SU1924,GPS (from the finder),51.01506765,-1.73052216,WILT-0A1E21,,WILT0A1E21.JPG,Bronze age spear head,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT0A1E21.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1035509.jpg
921681,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1550,"A cast copper alloy looped socketed spearhead dating to the Early Bronze Age, circa 1700 - 1550 BC. The blade tip is missing, the socket and base of the blade remain, the blade terminating in an old break 30.8 mm from the blade-socket junction. The midrib is lozenge-shaped in cross-section. On either side of the midrib are deep channels. The blade wings are broadly triangular in cross-section.. The ribs do not extend onto the socket. The socket is circular in cross-section, it tapers slightly from 22 mm at the base to 19 mm at the blade socket junction, where it becomes more eliptical in cross-section. Near the rim of the socket are the broken lugs for two loops placed roughly opposite each other, in line with the blade wings. The tip of the wooden shaft of the spear survives in the socket. The object has a pitted surface and a olive green/brown patina with light green and brown patches.



Overall length 92 mm, width 31 mm, thickness 10.5 mm, Weight 80.8 g.



Stylistically, the spearhead fits into Davis Group 2 Socketed Type B Looped. Richard Davis says: ""The key attributes ... are the V-shaped base to the blade as it merges with the socket. The midrib does not follow the line of the socket, but is narrower than the socket as it enters the V. There is a channel each side of the midrib as it leads to the raised blade wings. The loops are low on the socket. There is a characteristic inward curve of the profile from above the socket to the blade. ... These spearheads represent the first stage of combining the blade with the socket. They are dated to the Arreton Phase 1700-1550 BC based on hoard evidence. Finds of Group 2 spearheads are rare. [Davis'] PBF catalogue comprises 8 with pegholes and 22 with loops. The only local finds from the Group are one with a peghole, dredged from the River Trent at Colwick (Castle Museum collection): and one with loops purchased from a car boot sale and believed to have come from the Trent gravels (DENO-DC4C87)."" pers. comm. 31/10/2018.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,80.8,,,10.5,92,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Langford,SK8356,From finder,53.09476293,-0.7619784,DENO-0A5A41,,DENO0A5A41.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Ribbed Kite Blade spearhead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENO0A5A41.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1032415.jpg
921913,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete copper-alloy Annular Ring of Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The object is circular, with a sub-circular interior, which measures approximately 16.85mm in diameter. It is covered with dark brown patina and is very smooth and shiny apart from several small areas of corrosion. Similar objects have been found in hoards with socketed axes, such as they example of Balmashanner Fort, Angus (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, plate 152), and YORYM-15AA2D TREASURE CASE : 2014 T442 and LANCUM-6F9525 TREASURE CASE : 2010 T227



Diameter: 30.56mm, Thickness: 7.15mm, Weight: 21.7g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.7,,30.56,7.15,,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Hartwell,SP8051,From finder,52.15149812,-0.83215728,NARC-5B60BD,,NARC5B60BD.jpg,NARC-5B60BD  Ring : Bronze Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC5B60BD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1030944.jpg
921916,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete cast copper-alloy Socketed Hammer, of late Bronze Age date (1000-800BC). The object is rectangular in cross-section, and a tapering sub-rectangular in plan. The sides of the object are slightly bevelled. The hammer in section waisted, expanding into a flared undecorated collar at the socketed end. The socket mouth is sub-rectangular. The hammer tapers sharply from the socket toward the mid-point, before again flaring more gently toward the hammer face. The striking face of the hammer shows evidence of use-wear.



The metal has a smooth dark green patina with areas of lighter green corrosion.



Length: 61.48mm, Width: 18.07mm, Thickness: 13.11mm, Width (of socket): 16.85mm, Weight: 51.7g.



Discussion:



The earliest bronze hammers were created in the Middle Bronze Age Taunton metalwork phase, however hammer finds are more defined in Late Bronze Age hoard discoveries. Socketed hammers became more widespread in the Penard phase (c1200-950BC), and according to Burgess this tradition lasted longer in the North of Britain whereas the characteristics of the Wilburton Phase were prominent in southern Britain during the tenth century BC. Hammers were produced in smaller numbers during the Ewart-Park Phase which is characterised by a higher volume of leaded bronze artefacts. The production of bronze and in particular tin bronze depleted after 800BC. Burgess (1968) describes two socketed hammers from the Kilnhurst hoard in Yorkshire, one short and the other long which is similar to the example here. Early examples tend to be plain with no collar, whereas later examples have collars and moulding. The example described here is more likely a later example in the Penard Phase. Burgess also parallels Penard metalwork to continental examples and in particular western France.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,51.7,,,13.11,61.48,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Hartwell,SP8051,From finder,52.15149812,-0.83215728,NARC-5B738E,,NARC5B738E.jpg,NARC-5B738E : Hammer : Bronze Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC5B738E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1030945.jpg
922182,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"A complete gold or gold-plated cast penannular ring dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1150 - 750 BC). The ring is in the shape of a oval-sectioned loop which tapers slightly towards the terminals. One terminal has a shallow rectangular shaped recess in the centre of its face. The obect is otherwise plain and undecorated. The ring measures 17mm in diameter, while the bar itself is a maximum of 4.5mm in thickness. The ring weighs 9.68 grams



Such objects are often termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al. 2008; O'Connor et al. 2008). Their function is uncertain but they may have been personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange' (Mark Lodwick and Mary Davis in record NMGW-04216C / 2013 TW13; references therein).","Due to this object being of prehistoric, Bronze Age date, the presence of any precious metal would qualify this item as Treasure under the stipulations of The Treasure Act 1996. As this item is gold plated it qualifies as such under the Act.",4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2018-09-22T23:00:00Z,2018-09-22T23:00:00Z,2018T761,,9.68,,17,4.5,,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Swanbourne,SP7928,From finder,51.94489934,-0.85207885,BH-719492,,RingMoney.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age penannular ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/RingMoney.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1031171.jpg
922385,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1020,"Incomplete cast copper alloy side-looped Transitional Type Shelf, Plain Variant palstave, dating from the Penard (1275-1150 BC) to the Wilburton (1150-1020 BC) phases of the Middle Bronze Age. The palstave has a squared-off protruding stop ridge and rectangular aperture in plan and a narrow parallel-sided blade which is inset from the stop ridge in profile as well as plan, and starts to expand only slightly towards the blade edge after 40 mm but the rest of the blade is missing. The remains of the side loop project outwards 5 mm from the surface of one side of the palstave and the base of the other end of the loop is 2.5 mm proud of the surface. The surface of the blade is damaged and pitted but does not appear to have been decorated.



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate similar palstaves with squared-off stop ridges and narrow inset blades from Denwick and Wallington Demesne in Northumberland in plate 64, nos.880-881, which are classified as Transitional Palstaves, Type Shelf, Plain Variant and dated from the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age, and another from Keswick, Cumbria in plate 67, no.933, which is classified as a Late Palstave, Type Shelf and dated to the Wilburton phase of the Late Bronze Age.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate palstaves with side loops and narrow blades from Iwerne Minster in Dorset on p.91, pl.18, no.265 (see DOR-8D4C40) and from Christchurch, Dorset on p.93, pl.20, no.228, which are dated from the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,2018-09-12T23:00:00Z,2018-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,115.55,,,19,93,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Gweek,SW7025,Generated from computer mapping software,50.08050681,-5.21620138,CORN-84D4D4,,DSCN6846.JPG,Transitional palstave (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN6846.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1031301.jpg
922392,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"Middle Bronze Age pin. The head flares very slightly to a flat top. Immediately below the upper edge there is a band of seven incised grooves lines which almost encircle the circular to oval-sectioned shaft, leaving a narrow blank vertical band. The shank is a little irregular and tapers to a point at the lower end. Length 63mm. Diameter of head 3.5mm. Weighs 3.74g.



This small pin perhaps belongs to the 'Ornament horizon' phase of the late Taunton or early Penard phase of the later mid Bronze Age, approximately 1400-1250 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-07-25T23:00:00Z,2018-09-25T23:00:00Z,,,3.74,,3.5,,63,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Ickburgh,TL8195,,52.52280819,0.66647059,NMS-850454,,61708_850454_MBA_Pin.jpg,Bronze Age pin illustration,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/61708_850454_MBA_Pin.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1104112.jpg
922401,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Bronze Age penannular copper alloy ring, the outer face with an incised median line forming two ribs, the inner face is slightly flattened,. The straight ends of the band are butted together. Outer diameter 28mm. Width 6mm. 3.5mm thick. Weighs 10.53g. c.1600-1000 BC.



Gold penannular rings with c-sectioned ribs are a well-known Middle Bronze Age artefact type. For similar rings see LIN-D7E6D1 and ESS-E9CCB4 (two ribs), BERK-A5FFE5 and HER43133, Norfolk (multiple linked rings), ESS-CB3683 and IOW-0EAD26 (three ribs).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-07-25T23:00:00Z,2018-09-25T23:00:00Z,,,10.53,,,3.5,28,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Ickburgh,TL8195,,52.52280819,0.66647059,NMS-854E09,,PFd_61708_854E09_DDMD092018_BA_Ring.jpg,Bronze Age penannular ring,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_61708_854E09_DDMD092018_BA_Ring.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155146.jpg
922427,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A copper alloy casting jet of Late Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC). The object is composed of two conical sprues or flashes with an ovate in plan, the projections are triangular in profile.



Casting jets are waste products which form at the top of a two-piece clay mould when the molten metal has filled the object-shaped void below and around the gate piece which had two conical apertures. As they represent re-usable metal, they were often retained and regularly turn up in base metal hoards of the period; see, for example, Treasure case 2006 T36, from Devon.



Length: 36.56mm, Width: 44.19mm, Thickness: 24.47mm, Weight: 87.6g.



The metal is a dark green with some areas of pitting.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar casting jet with conical sprues from Lelant in Cornwall, which was found associated with swords fragments that are from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) on page 571, pl.10, no.82e.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a casting jet from Gussage All Saints in Dorset on page 82, pl.9, no.247f, which was found with a socketed axe mouth fragment.



Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: LVPL-0C459C, LANCUM-8A5846 and BH-8BDE6E",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,87.6,,,24.47,36.56,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Leamington Hastings,SP4565,From finder,52.28130908,-1.3418004,NARC-85E2F5,,NARC85E2F5.jpg,NARC-85E2F5 : Casting Spru : Bronze Age,Eleanore Cox,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC85E2F5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1031193.jpg
922515,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-701,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier or late Bronze Age riveted knife, remains of flat sides at shoulder of broken hilt,  blade with flattened lozengiform section tapers to break. Slight bend at mid-point, both ends broken in antiquity. Extant length (unbent) 64mm. Extant width 21mm. 4mm thick. Weighs 20.64g. c.1600-c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-24T23:00:00Z,2018-09-24T23:00:00Z,,,20.64,,,4,64,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Bradenham,TF9208,,52.63577162,0.83592673,NMS-88963B,,PFd_62996_88963B_DDMD092018_BA_Rapier.jpg,Fragment of a Bronze Age rapier or knife,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_62996_88963B_DDMD092018_BA_Rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156113.jpg
922787,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A complete flat copper alloy barbed and tanged arrowhead, 37.1mm in length, with a triangular shape, a flattened but slightly lozengiform profile and low central rib. The tang is 14.7mm in length. One barb is bent. Circa Middle to Late Bronze Age (1300 BC to 800 BC).","Bronze Age flat barbed and tanged copper-alloy arrowheads are known from Britain, though they are rare finds. Other examples on the database include SWYOR-3A2CF7, NMS-B061B6, NMS-F982A3, WMID-CE6A76, NARC-F9B223, NMS-477E93 and SF6680. This appears to be the fourth recorded example from Wiltshire.



In contrast there is only example known from a secure British Bronze Age archaeological context (the Penard hoard, Archaeologica 71, page 138). At the time of its discovery it was a unique find in Britain and was presumed to be an import on the basis of a range of previous finds of bronze arrowheads recorded from Northern France. PAS recorded finds have since demonstrated that these bronze arrowheads were also a British tradition. Though the barbed and tanged form was used in flint from the Early Bronze Age, the Penard find was dated to 1275-1140 BC, suggesting at least a Middle Bronze Age date for copper alloy examples such as this one.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,1.89,,,1.6,37.1,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Ogbourne St. George,SU2076,From finder,51.48260445,-1.7133777,SUR-D9AFD8,,SURD9AFD8a.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURD9AFD8a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1032188.jpg
922947,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A copper alloy Bronze Age (c.1500-800 BC) spear tip.



Description: The tip of a bronze spear broken at an historic break from the main part of the spear head. It is sub-triangular in plan, with a broad flat central longtitudinal rib on both surfaces. The tip is solid.and tapers to a point, the edges are intact and sharp. The surfaces have a typical green patina.



Measurements: length: 28.29mm, width at break: 15.24mm, at tip: 2.5mm, thickness on rib: 4.45mm, along the edge: 1.36mm, weight: 4.95g.



Discussion: Type or classification as well as narrow the date is not possible due to small fragment size. See similar on the PAS database: BERK-359D1B.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.95,,,4.45,28.29,1,Mags Erwin,Mags Erwin,South East,Kent,Dover,Shepherdswell with Coldred,TR2648,GPS (from the finder),51.18652316,1.23264163,KENT-EE8649,,KENTEE8649.jpg,Copper alloy spear tip,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smokedkelpie/KENTEE8649.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1031687.jpg
922963,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1150,800,"A Bronze Age, copper-alloy awl, dating to c.1150 - 800 BC. The end that would have been inserted into a handle is rectangular in cross-section and has a flat terminal, which has possibly been truncated by a break. The other end is pointed and has a circular cross-section. The surface is covered in an even patination. Length 70.1mm; Diameter 6.1mm; Weight 13.78g;",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-08T23:00:00Z,,,,13.78,,6.1,,70.1,1,Catherine Falkner,Catherine Falkner,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Kirk Ireton,SK2550,GPS (from the finder),53.04668514,-1.628538,DENO-EF28E9,,DENOEF28E9.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENOEF28E9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1037493.jpg
922976,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-701,"A Middle or Late Bronze Age copper alloy chisel dating to c.1600-701 BC. The blade is corroded, rectangular in section with a tapering pointed tang and bends towards the flaring sub-crescentic blade. Length 80mm. Width 22.2mm. 3.9mm thick. Cf. Inventaria Archaeologica (1954) G.B.6, no.5 and NMS-5EB338 on the database.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.3,,,3.9,80.7,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,St. Mary Bourne,SU4147,GPS (from the finder),51.22073082,-1.41430842,BERK-EFA185,,,,,,,
923081,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe collar fragment,  22mm in length, 20mm wide and 4mm thick with a weight of 6.08grams.



The object is sub rectangular in form and cross section and has a curved profile.  Its complete edge has a rounded D shaped cross sectioned collar on the outer surface, 2mm thhick and wide. Below this is a narrow linear depression. There is a second rounded collar 4mm wide, 11mm in  from the first. To the left of the object (as shown) is a distinct casting seam running the length of the fragment.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2017-02-19T00:00:00Z,,,6.08,,,4,22,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Hormead,TL4128,From finder,51.93265666,0.04944038,LEIC-F317D2,,LEICF317D2.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEICF317D2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1031780.jpg
923113,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile. This fragment is square in plan, triangular in profile, and rhomboidal in section, as it comes from one edge of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The surface of the ingot is pitted where air bubbles formed during the casting process. There are dark green and coppery brown areas and light green patches of bronze disease. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers' hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2016 T20) from St Levan (CORN-E8DF11) and in another hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which were found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, no.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar plano-convex ingot from Marldon in Devon on page 79, pl.6, no.146a (see DEV-677584). Also see the ingots recorded in DEV-D9F1E2 (2011T441) which are dated from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-17T23:00:00Z,2018-04-17T23:00:00Z,,,361.15,19,,19,70,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Breage,SW6226,GPS (from the finder),50.08633559,-5.32844843,CORN-F6B541,,DSCN6865.JPG,ingot (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN6865.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1031903.jpg
923133,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2150,410,"Prehistoric or Roman? copper alloy casting sprue, 17mm long, 16mm wide and weighing 4.71g. The object has a flat urregular circular terminal 17mmx14mm which has a rough upper surface. Below this is a rectangular shaped and sub rectangular cross sectioned projection which tapers in width at its base, terminating in a point. The object is similar in form to LEIC-E3FCA7 and LVPL-F0EBE9  and WILT-EE8A7B, all undated, but it bears a resemblance to both  Bronze age and Roman examples recorded here.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2018-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,,,,4,16,1,Wendy Scott,Lewis Batchelor,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Somerby,SK8012,From finder,52.69977524,-0.81757941,LEIC-02A485,,LEIC02A485.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy casting sprue,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lewisbatchelor96/LEIC02A485.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1031833.jpg
923356,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Bronze age? gold linear sheet, possibly a bracelet fragment? 27mm long, 13mm wide 8mm thick and weighing 8.40g.



The object is now sub rectangular in form and oval in cross section, it is a sheet that has been rolled around itself at least four times and appears to be incomplete. At the visible end it is 14mm wide and very thin less than 0.25mm thick. It is decorated with a series of seven raised rectangular cross sectioned ridges set within a plain flat border visible on one edge, 2mm wide. The sheet narrows and has probably been trimmed, as where it folds under itself it is 12mm wide and here it has six raised ridges present and the lower one disappears off the edge with no border.



The object is possibly a bracelet and is similar to SOM-62CE08 and SF3482 in decoration and its form is similar to IOW-8BBE91 and especially IOW-5A60F3 which has been folded as well. This record notes that sheet gold bracelets of comparable form and dimensions are found Britain and Ireland during the Late Bronze Age (1100-800 BC) as exemplified in the Saintjohns, C. Kildare and Derrinboy, Co. Offaly bracelets in Ireland (Eogan 1994, The Accomplished Art: gold and gold-working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c. 2300-650 BC). Oxford: Oxbow Monograph 42)",,4,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2018-10-20T23:00:00Z,2018-10-20T23:00:00Z,2018T794,,8.4,,,8,27,1,Wendy Scott,Wendy Scott,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Loughborough Garendon,SK4919,Generated from computer mapping software,52.76638358,-1.27522934,LEIC-171B50,,2018T794LEIC171B50.jpg,,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/2018T794LEIC171B50.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1036047.jpg
923405,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,-600,"A Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged chisel, probably dating to c. 1150-600 BC. The chisel is incomplete as the tang is missing. The blade is a elongated sub-triangle with concave sides and a convex blade edge. The corners of the blade are flared outwards and are abraded and therefore rounded. The blade as it tapers becomes rectangular in section. At the tip there is an integral rectangular sectioned collar with a fragment of the integral tang protruding from the upper edge. The break of the tang is not recent. There are no signs of decoratio.



The surface of the chisel has a incomplete well-developed mid green patina with some pitting and abrasion. 



Dimensions: length 46mm; width across the blade 28mm; 5mm maximum thickness (at collar) and weight not recorded.



Tanged and collared chisels typically date from the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (Llyn Fawr period). An example, dating to the Wilburton/Wallington phase, is known from Doncaster, Yorkshire (Burgess, Coombs and Davies, 1972, 217), though the main currency is during the Ewart Park phase (c.900-700 BC) probably continuing into the subsequent Llyn Fawr period (c.700-600 BC). A similar tanged chisel was found in association with a large amount of Late Bronze Age material as part of a probable Early Iron Age hoard at Gussage St. Michael, Dorset (Knight, Ormrod & Pearce 2015: 51, no. 250b). Another similar example, from Kingston, Dorset, is published by Pearce (1984: 476, no. 416a), from a site which has also produced Late Bronze Age pottery. Numerous similar chisels are also recorded onto this database, but cf. WILT-CDB685 and DEV-C3AD9B, are particularly similar.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-01T00:00:00Z,2018-05-11T23:00:00Z,,,,,,5,46,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Grandborough,SP4966,From a paper map,52.28995744,-1.28302718,WAW-199132,,WAW199132.jpg,Bronze Age chisel (plan and reverse).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW199132.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1032015.jpg
923464,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1100,"A fragment of copper-alloy Bronze Age axe, probably of the palstave type, dating to the period 1600-1100 BC. The fragment comprises part of the splayed blade and a rectangular portion of its body still in tact. The cutting edge is flared and curved, though one of the pointed tips is damaged. The fragment is rectangular in cross-section and triangular in profile. The blade thins gradually from the break to the cutting edge, within which is a sub-rectangular shaped hollow section exposed by the break. The object measures 46mm in length, 25mm in width and 12.5mm in maximum thickness. It weighs 42.26 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-07-31T23:00:00Z,2018-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,42.26,,,12.5,46,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,Three Rivers,Abbots Langley,TL1101,Centred on field,51.69678176,-0.39534197,BH-1BFA1F,,BHABFA1F.jpg,Bronze Age axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BHABFA1F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1032989.jpg
923990,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"An incomplete section of a cast copper-alloy palstave dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1500-1150 BC). The fragment is the butt end of the palstave. On either side of the main body the sides form raised flanges, consistent with a bronze age, palstave axehead (c.1500-1100BC).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-06-02T23:00:00Z,,,,13.4,,,6.3,26.1,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Welford,SU3974,GPS (from the finder),51.46363512,-1.4399954,BERK-84B42C,,,,,,,
924020,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"Fragment of Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier or dirk, blade with flat median rib, corroded and pitted with damaged edges, both ends missing. Extant length 47mm. Extant width 12mm. 3.5mm thick. Weight 9.97g. 1400-1200 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-24T23:00:00Z,2018-09-24T23:00:00Z,,,9.97,,,3.5,47,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Foulsham,TG0325,,52.78438563,1.00873576,NMS-85DB4D,,44087_85DB4D_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/44087_85DB4D_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156054.jpg
924044,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age copper alloy sickle, probably dating to c. 1500-800 BC. The surviving fragment comprises a sub-triangular, curving section of the blade, tapering into an abraded point at the tip. Both edges are similarly abraded. The blade is lenticular in cross section, with a central ridge on both faces, tapering into the edges. The blade is truncated by an old break.



Dimensions: length 49.7mm; width 19.2mm; thickness 3.5mm; weight 8.00g.



cf. a similar, but more complete sickle found at Edington Burtle (Pearce 1983: 512-513, no. 648). The fragment is too incomplete to be further classified.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,8,,,3.5,49.7,1,Alyson Tanner,Alyson Tanner,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Seend,ST9359,,51.33005218,-2.10185579,WILT-870D02,,WILT870D02.JPG,Bronze age sickle fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT870D02.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1035440.jpg
924154,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy socketed spear dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1500-800 BC). The object is lentoid in cross-section, with a central rib running vertically along both faces. One wing is fairly well preserved and the opposing wing shows some damage. The tip of the spear has broken away in antiquity. There is also a worn break at the opposite end exposing a hollowed centre. The spear has a dark to mid green patina.



Similar examples recorded on the PAS database include: SUR-A9688B; BH-D97683; and LIN-75113B.



The overall dimesnions are as follows: 30.64mm in length, 21.22mm in width, 8.17mm in thickness and 13.29g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-08-07T23:00:00Z,,,,13.29,,,8.17,30.64,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Claverley,SO8094,GPS (from the finder),52.543482,-2.29633801,WMID-98FD35,,WMID98FD35.jpg,A Bronze Age Spear,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WMID98FD35.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1033494.jpg
924406,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1200,400,"An incomplete miniature copper-alloy object, possibly an axe dating from the Late Bronze Age to Roman period (c. 1200 BC - AD 400). The axe is wedge shaped and sub-rectangular in cross-section with one wedge shaped end and the other end rounded. One face is flat while the other is concaved. One of the long edges is damaged in the form of an irregular triangular notch. There are no signs of decoration but there are small patches of a black coating on one of the edges. The rest of the object has a mid-green patina. The object measures 34.5mm in length, has a maximum width of 19mm and a maximum thickness of 6mm. It weighs 13.8 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-30T23:00:00Z,2018-08-22T23:00:00Z,,,13.8,,,6,34.5,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,St. Albans,St. Stephen,TL1003,Centred on parish,51.71495377,-0.40917454,BH-AED714,,BHAED714.jpg,Late Bronze Age to Roman miniature axe (possibly),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BHAED714.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1033003.jpg
924578,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Description: Incomplete gold artefact of possible middle to late Bronze Age date. It comprises a strip of sheet gold with worn transverse breaks at either end. Now bent approximately mid-way along its length at an obtuse angle, probably after deposition; the bend shows stress marks and there is a small tear at the apex. Both surfaces have traces of hammer marks, indicating that it was hammered flat from a thicker wire or bar. 



Dimensions: Length (bent): 49.5mm, approximate unbent length: 66.7 maximum width: 11.8mm, minimum width: 8.5mm, thickness: 0.8mm, weight: 3.8g. 



Discussion: Gold artefacts of sheet gold bearing similar hammered manufacturing marks include NMGW-09A1A5 (2008W8), described as an armlet, PAS-446915 (2013 T674), described as a ribbon and CORN-8EC344 (2014 T39), described as a mount. All three are described as being of probable Bronze Age date. BH-1BE953 (2014 T901), also described as an unidentified object states: “There is a range of gold strip and ribbon ornaments datable to the British Bronze Age. The less numerous types include arm and possibly ear ornaments fastening by means of a hook at each end, or a hook and eye (piercing)… There are also an increasing number of (often) thin gold strips and fragments with terminal piercings which on grounds of composition could fit into a Bronze Age context. Again, there are continental analogues, beginning within the Early Bronze Age sheet gold tradition.”



Date: c. 1500 – 800 BC.",The object appears to consist of over 10% precious metal and be over 300 years old at the time of finding and as such qualifies as potential Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.,3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2018-08-19T23:00:00Z,2018-08-19T23:00:00Z,2018T860,,3.8,,,0.8,49.5,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Mileham,TF9418,From finder,52.72484481,0.87132838,NMS-C2FF83,,64315_C2FF83_IND28102018JS_BA_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,Unidentified Bronze Age object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/64315_C2FF83_IND28102018JS_BA_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1161417.jpg
924592,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1000,700,"Incomplete, worn and corroded Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, with one small joining fragment, most of surface missing, cutting edge and part of body and most of mouth missing, stumps of missing side loop. Length 74mm. Extant width 33mm. Extant thickness 20mm. Weighs 64.62g. Dates from c.1000 - c.7000 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-10T23:00:00Z,2018-10-07T23:00:00Z,,,64.62,,,20,74,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Holme Hale,TF8905,,52.60988656,0.78993617,NMS-C35630,,63005_C35630_LBA_Axehead.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/63005_C35630_LBA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108720.jpg
924679,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave: No loops, butt damaged, much of the surface of the metal is missing. Both faces with stop ridge, blunt angular damaged edge. Length 38mm. Extant max. width 49mm. Thickness at ridge 29mm. Weight 158g. Middle Bronze Age, 1600 - 1000 BC.",ENF145337,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-19T23:00:00Z,2018-09-22T23:00:00Z,,,158,,,29,38,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Besthorpe,TM0895,,52.5131811,1.06386651,NMS-C68D47,,61292_C68D47_MBA_Palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61292_C68D47_MBA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108711.jpg
925505,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy spear tip dating to the Bronze Age (c. 1500-800 BC). The tip is sub-triangular in plan and pointed-oval in cross-section, with a broad flat central longitudinal rib on both surfaces from which the body tapers either side to form the sharp edges. The tip tapers to a point and is solid. The object has a patchy green patina, measures 30mm in length, 12.5mm in width, a maximum of 6mm thick and weighs 4.47 grams.



For similar Bronze Age broken spear tips recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme, see KENT-EE8649 and BERK-359D1B.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-10-11T23:00:00Z,2017-10-11T23:00:00Z,,,4.47,,,6,30,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Wallington,TL2934,GPS (from the finder),51.98948027,-0.12274292,BH-44CE08,,BH44CE08A.jpg,Bronze Age spear tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH44CE08A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1036514.jpg
925513,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy spear tip dating to the Bronze Age (c. 1500-800 BC). The tip is sub-triangular in plan and oval in cross-section. Both faces are bowed slightly and thin to form the slightly recessed edges. The tip tapers to a point. The surfaces have a mid-green patina. It measures 36mm in length, 16mm in width, a maximum of 3.5mm thick. It weighs 6.54 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-17T00:00:00Z,2017-11-17T00:00:00Z,,,6.54,,,3.5,36,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Wallington,TL2934,GPS (from the finder),51.98948027,-0.12274292,BH-450A72,,BH450A72A.jpg,Bronze Age spear tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH450A72A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1036517.jpg
926618,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Probable Middle Bronze Age cast copper alloy ring, convex outside edge, both faces concave, central perforation. External diameter 21mm. Internal diameter 5.5mm. Thickness 6.5mm. Weighs 12.05g. 1600 - 1000 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-17T23:00:00Z,2018-10-14T23:00:00Z,,,12.05,,21,6.5,,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,TF6705,,52.61709006,0.46536354,NMS-E8D159,,63018_E8D159_BA_Ring.jpg,Probable Middle Bronze Age ring,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/63018_E8D159_BA_Ring.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108815.jpg
926828,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1020,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy narrow rapier, rectangular in plan and lozenge-shaped in profile and section, with a raised broad mid-rib on both faces. The surface is heavily pitted and corroded on one side so that less of the dark brown patina survives. The cutting edges of the fragment are also jagged and damaged. The fragment dates from the Middle Bronze Age, but to be sure of its date, it will need more metallurgical analysis.



Rohl and Needham (1998) illustrate some similar rapiers with broad mid-ribs on p.132, fig.34, nos.189-190, which are Group IV rapiers, and date from the Penard phase of metalwork, c.1275-1150 BC. 



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate rapiers with narrow blades and broad mid-ribs from Sennen in Cornwall and Exmouth in Devon on p.98, pl.25, nos.71 & 134.



Dr Matt Knight's research has suggested that rapiers carried on in use over longer periods of time where early swords did not develop. This is true of Scotland, but also of the South West so it is possible to suggest that rapiers continued to be used in these areas into the Wilburton (c.1150-1020 BC) phase of the late Middle Bronze Age (Matt Knight pers comm).",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,2018-09-12T23:00:00Z,2018-09-12T23:00:00Z,,,31.39,,,5.5,75,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Gweek,SW7026,Generated from computer mapping software,50.08948628,-5.21680296,CORN-0A6EBC,,rapier.JPG,Group IV rapier fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/rapier.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1034885.jpg
926829,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1850,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy flat axehead, comprising part of the blade, trapezoidal in plan, triangular in profile and rectangular in section, at the narrow broken end, dating from the Early Bronze Age c.2200-1850 BC.. The opposite blade end tapers to a rounded and damaged edge in profile which may have expanded outwards to form the cutting edge. The blade is broad and straight sided but as it is worn and incomplete, may have expanded into a more crecentic cutting edge. The surface of the blade is covered with a brown patina and both faces are decorated with straight lines punched into the axe after casting, about 5mm in length, and about 1mm apart, in what is referred to as a 'rain pattern'. One face of the blade has a transverse gash where it has been damaged since deposition, which cuts through the outer layer, revealing the light green corroded surface beneath which is also exposed on parts of the edges. The blade may have been deliberately broken at the upper edge, before it thickens and potentially flanges outwards towards the butt end, as the break is straight and may have been struck with a chisel prior to deposition as it is now corroded and worn.



Comparable examples of decorated flat axeheads with more spaced out linear incisions from the Southwest can be found in Pearce (1983) on a Migdale flat axehead from Southleigh in Devon (pp.455 & 600, pl.39, no.297) and a low-flanged flat axehead from Mount Pleasant in Dorset (pp.468 & 609, pl.48, no.371). See also record CORN-C53643 where the decoration covers the whole axe and is more regular and evenly spaced like this example and the developed flat axehead from Preston Down, Weymouth (pp.487 & 621, pl.60, no.480).



Flat axes decorated with this 'rain pattern' without flanged sides can be found during the Mile Cross-Aylesford phase (c.2050-1850 BC) of the Early Bronze Age, such as the Class 3 axes illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, 124, fig.25, nos.47-48).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate similar flat axeheads with rain patterns from Colleonard Farm, Banffshire, Scotland in pl.16, nos.199 & 202 which are classified as Type Migdale, Decorated Variant, and dated from the Migdale metalworking tradition (c.2200-1950 BC), and a similar concentrated pattern on a developed flat axehead from Middleton-on-the-Wolds, Yorkshire in pl.27, no.310, which is classified as Type Aylesford and dated from the Mile Cross-Aylesford metalwork phase (c.2050-1850 BC) of the Early Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,2018-09-24T23:00:00Z,2018-09-24T23:00:00Z,,,75.36,,,9,47,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Erth,SW5732,Generated from computer mapping software,50.13817856,-5.40203551,CORN-0AB468,,DSCN6966.JPG,flat axehead (decoration),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN6966.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1035195.jpg
926830,Axehead Roughout,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"Incomplete cast copper alloy axehead roughout or blank, triangular in plan and lozenge-shaped in profile and section, dating from the Early Bronze Age. The sides of the axe were once straight but are now abraded and taper towards the narrow butt end which is worn to almost a point. The surface of the roughout has developed a dark brown patina and the sides have exposed the light green corrosion product beneath through wear and damage since deposition.



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate similar rough flat axes with narrow butt ends and straight sides from Birnie, Morayshire and Angus in Scotland in plate 21, nos.258-259, which are unclassified but close to Type Migdale associated with the Migdale metalworking tradition c.2200-2000 BC of the Early Bronze Age.



Needham (2017) illustrates a similar axe-like blank or ingot on page 61, no.119 which are found within the Irish flat axe corpus but are more crudely shaped ingots in the flat axe form, presumably created in an open mould but perhaps incomplete.","Material has been drilled out of the side of the axehead for analysis by the finder which was analysed by Dr Jens Andersen of Camborne School of Mines using the Scanning Electron Microscope. The analysis was carried out by electron-probe microanalysis using wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometers with a 20 nA electron beam accelerated to 15 kV focused to a 5 micron beam size. The metal contained:



90-92 wt% copper, 4.5-7 wt% arsenic, 2.1-2.8 wt% tin and traces of nickel (0.1 wt%) but no lead, zinc, silver, gold, antimony, cobalt or iron.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-07-14T23:00:00Z,2018-07-14T23:00:00Z,,,300,,,11,125,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Just,SW3734,GPS (from the finder),50.14759941,-5.6827182,CORN-0B05E7,,DSCN6973.JPG,axehead blank,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN6973.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1035191.jpg
927080,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a probable Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, probably dating to c. 1100-800 BC. The sub-rectangular fragment comprises of a sction of the mouth and socket wall; the mouth appears to have been flaring, with a moulded collar beneath, but with no other indication of decoration on the surviving fragment. The cross-section of the fragment suggests an original cross-section which was relatively pronouncedly sub-hexagonal. 



Dimensions: Length 38.9mm; width: 17.1mm; thickness at mouth 6.8mm; thickness at socket 4.9mm; weight: 16.46g. 



The cross section of the peice would suggest a late Bronze Age, rather than early Iron Age date; although it is too fragmentary for precise classification.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.46,,,,38.9,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,West Tisbury,ST9128,,51.05127417,-2.1297745,WILT-2D8B05,,WILT2D8B05.jpg,WILT-2D8B05,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILT2D8B05.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1051016.jpg
927189,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,800,"
Fragment of a copper-alloy cast blade, possibly from a rapier. The blade point is Bronze Age in date, though not enough of the artefact remains to more precisely date it to within this period. The item is an elongated triangular shape, with a narrowed end. There is a central midrib.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-12-23T00:00:00Z,,,Metal Detectives Xmas Dig 2017,7.1,,,4,33,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,"Aston, Cote, Shifford and Chimney",SP3702,Recorded at a rally,51.71551524,-1.46584068,BERK-3E8051,,BERK3E8051Rapiertipcopy.jpg,Bronze Age: Rapier tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bertie123/BERK3E8051Rapiertipcopy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1038731.jpg
927569,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A fragment of the tip of a late middle to late Bronze Age socketed spear, 75.2mm in length. The blade is narrow and was originally probably leaf shaped. It has a pronounced rib with lozengiform cross sectional profile 7.9mm thick. Possibly of pegged or looped type. Circa 1400 BC - 800 BC.","For more complete comparable examples see WILT-96D3A6, WILT-DAEC0E and NMS-ABA4C6.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-11-17T00:00:00Z,,,,19.17,,,7.9,75.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,,SU0744,From finder,51.19517776,-1.90120483,SUR-55F5B5,,SUR55F5B5.jpg,Late Bronze Age spear tip,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR55F5B5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1035299.jpg
927593,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"A complete copper alloy spear dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1600-1400 BC). The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with a sub-oval/leaf-shaped blade with a pronounced mid-rib on both faces. The socket is hollow and has cast side loops roughly half way up the socketed end on opposing sides. The spear head has broken across the near centre of the blade. The two pieces were found about 60cm apart. The blade edges are chipped and the mid-rib also shows signs of wear. The object has a smooth dark brown to olive green patina which is pitted in places.



This form of leaf-shaped spear with side-loops can be classified as Greenwell and Brewis Class IV. Similar objects recorded on the PAS database include: SWYOR-A609BB; LIN-0DDC06; and LANCUM-D63A53.



The overall dimensions are as follows: 118mm in length, 20mm in width and 17mm in depth.","
Photographs and dimensions kindly supplied by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-26T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,17,118,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Staffordshire,East Staffordshire,Tutbury,SK2126,GPS (from the finder),52.83111733,-1.68974858,WMID-56E2E4,,WMID56E2E4_1.jpg,A Bronze Age Spear,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WMID56E2E4_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1035300.jpg
927641,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A complete though worn copper-alloy awl of probable late Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 800 BC. The object is sub-square in section at the middle and widest point tapering to worn rounded points to either end. The object is undecorated.



The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The object is 51.6mm long, 6.2mm wide, 6.1mm thick and weighs 5.2g.



Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1500-800 BC).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.2,,,6.1,51.6,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Beetley,TF9717,From finder,52.71478368,0.91509137,YORYM-58688E,,LF0008.jpg,Bronze Age : Awl,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/LF0008.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1036850.jpg
927674,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1150,"Fragment of a cast copper alloy side-looped palstave, with just the upper butt end that would have been hafted remaining. The fragment is broken just above the stop ridge which would have stopped the wooden haft on both sides, and is missing its blade so it is difficult to classify, but from the shape and the side loop it likely dates from the Penard phase (c.1275-1150 BC) of the Middle Bronze Age. The broken edge is rectangular in section with the bases of the worn flanges, 4 mm in height, on both sides of the palstave and the butt is narrow and parallel-sided blade between these flanges in plan. The flanges taper as they move towards the butt end where they are flush with the surface. The blade would have expanded slightly below the missing stop ridge and terminated in a crescentic blade edge. The remains of half of the side loop project outwards 9 mm from the surface of one side of the palstave and the loop is 15 mm long. The surface of the blade is damaged and pitted but some smooth layers of mid-green patina have developed and there are patches of light green bronze disease.



If the stop ridge was squared off, perpendicular to the parallel-sided low flanges, then this butt end was probably part of a side-looped Transitional Type palstave, but we do not know if the blade was plain or decorated.



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate similar palstaves with low side flanges, parallel sides and squared-off stop ridges from Yorkshire and Denwick in Northumberland in plates 62 & 64, nos.859 & 880, which are classified as Transitional Palstaves and dated from the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a palstave with a side loop and a squared-off stop ridge from Christchurch, Dorset on p.93, pl.20, no.228, which is dated from the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-25T00:00:00Z,2018-03-25T00:00:00Z,,,83.17,,,16,44,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Endellion,SW9978,GPS (from the finder),50.56708904,-4.83965934,CORN-5E5944,,DSCN6981.JPG,side-looped palstave (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN6981.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1044482.jpg
928193,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date, c. 1000 - 800BC. The fragment is the blade end of the axehead which is trapezoidal in shape with a worn cutting edge and flared rounded corners. The cross-section is rectangular and the breaks are old and worn.



The metal has a dark green patina and is worn. The fragment is 49.9mm long, 35.8mm wide, 15.3mm thick and weighs 55.9g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1000 - 800BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,55.9,,,15.3,49.9,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Burton Fleming,TA0772,GPS (from the finder),54.13271802,-0.36390804,YORYM-82C3F7,,RJ0136.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/RJ0136.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1037051.jpg
928210,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A complete and hardly worn cast copper alloy socketed and side looped spearhead dating to the Taunton phase of the Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1400-1250 BC). The spearhead has a short but slender kite-shaped blade with rounded shoulders. The edges are bevelled and the blade is still very sharp. Fine filing or polishing striations can be seen all over both sides of the blade. The socket is circular and tapers from the open mouth in to the shaft between the blade's wings. There are two lozenge-shaped, undrilled 'loops' located equidistantly between the socket mouth and the blade. The mouth of the socket has slight damage in three areas, and a small hole (a casting flaw?) can be seen below one of the 'loops'. There are fine linear filing or finishing striations all over the length and circumference of the socket. These lines have been created by filing from opposing angles which has created triangular and cross-hatched patterns. Around the 'loops' are striations that follow the shape of each lozenge and overlies the cross-hatching, showing the filing of the loops was one of the last processes to be undertaken. Overall the spearhead is in extremely good condition. It appears to have no wear on it and it is possible it was made to be a votive deposit rather than a functional item.

A small number of similar spearheads with undrilled loops have recently been recorded from across Oxfordshire; from Kingston Bagpuize (BERK-5BCE29), from Cherwell (BERK-D20304), Bampton (BERK-44F126) and another example found in AD 1871 in Fyfield now in the Ashmolean Museum (accession number Ash.M 1927.2706). It would be interesting to compare these examples.

The socket diameter is 19.3mm with an internal diameter of 16.8mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,Wendlebury #1,72.1,,16.8,,158,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Wendlebury,SP5619,From finder,51.86677597,-1.18810963,OXON-838037,,2018655.jpg,Bronze Age spear: Socketed spearhead,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2018655.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1035907.jpg
928301,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A fragment of the tip of a late middle to late Bronze Age socketed spear, 39.9mm in length. The blade is narrow and was originally probably leaf shaped. It has a pronounced rib with lozengiform cross sectional profile 8.7mm thick. Possibly of pegged or looped type. Circa 1400 BC - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.3,,,8.7,39.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Pitstone,SP9316,From finder,51.83487775,-0.65168813,SUR-BB2595,,SURBB2595.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURBB2595.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1036084.jpg
928422,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,43,"A probable Late Bronze Age to Iron Age copper alloy button, dating to c. 900 BC - AD 43. The button is discoidal, with two concentric circular recessed bands and a pellet at the centre. The vestigial remains of a probable loop project from the reverse.



Dimensions: diameter: 19.2mm; thickness; 4.7mm; weight: 4.37g.



cf. BH-E9F0E9 and WMID-498A82 on this database. Read (2005: 1) no. 2, described as a button-like object.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.37,,19.2,4.7,,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,West Tisbury,ST9127,,51.04228202,-2.12974933,WILT-BF5B3E,,WILTBF5B3E.jpg,WILT-BF5B3E,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILTBF5B3E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1050692.jpg
928505,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete possible Bronze Age Awl, potentially dating to c 1150 - 800 BC. It consists of a metal rod, rectangular in cross section, with a wedge shaped, round ended, terminal at one end, and a pointed end at the other. The rod tapers towards each end.



Dimensions: 44.4mm in length; c 5mm x c 4mm across the section. It weighs 3.42g.



It is difficult to date such a non-diagnostic item, and although it might possibly be Bronze Age in date (as may be suggested by the patina) it could equally be later. cf. DOR-3F8E48 for similar object recorded on this database.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.42,,,,44.4,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,West Tisbury,ST9127,,51.04228202,-2.12974933,WILT-C19C91,,WILTC19C91.jpg,WILT-C19C91,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILTC19C91.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1051525.jpg
928573,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-800,"
Copper alloy Bronze Age blade fragment. This is the tip of the blade and has a low oval cross-section with tapered blades on either side. The front profile narrows to the tip where there is a rounded point. The back end is truncated making it making it difficult to be certain whether this item is from a spear of knife, although the latter is the most likely. This artefact dates to the middle to late Bronze Age.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-05-31T23:00:00Z,2018-09-27T23:00:00Z,,,6.38,,,4,26,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0843,From finder,51.18617291,-1.88691593,GLO-D1F7C5,,GLOD1F7C5.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOD1F7C5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1036406.jpg
928585,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe that consists of the blade and the base of the socket. The break is ancient and irregular. The blade has a very low curved forward edge which is heavily corroded. Behind the blade the surface of the axe is in excellent condition with a dark green patina that has a series of shallow striation that run up from the blade on the top and bottom edge that are probably formed from use or sharpening. The casting seam is visible but has been filed down. The socket at the rear is oval 33mm long by 5mm wide and 5mm deep,,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-30T23:00:00Z,2018-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,24.56,,,10,23,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,,,,,,,,,GLO-D25970,,GLOD25970.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOD25970.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1036403.jpg
928993,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age razor, of Piggott (1946) class 1, Leaf-shaped blade of very thin sub-lenticular section with a very slight mid-rib and chamfer for the cutting edges, a sub-rectangular sectioned shank or handle terminates in a flattened spatula. All surfaces appear to be hammered after casting (work hardening?) and smoothly finished, also cf. Watson, P.J. Catalogue of British and European Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums 1993 BAR British Series: 233, p. 10, no.76, although this example has a hooked tang.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-26T23:00:00Z,2018-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,13,,,2.25,97,1,Jason Gibbons,Jason Gibbons,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Carleton Rode,TM1093,From finder,52.49446133,1.092033,NMS-EAED71,,63017_EAED71_BA_Razor.jpg,Bronze Age Razor,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/63017_EAED71_BA_Razor.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1036526.jpg
929024,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A copper alloy razor of Middle to Late Bronze Age date. The blade is sub rectangular and tapers slightly to a truncated end. It has a low central mid-rib on both faces with a thinned cutting edge along the outer edge on both sides. At the opposite end to the break, the blade narrows into a trapeziodal pierced tang. The tang has a circular attachment hole with an incised framing line around it on one face. The end of the blade has been bent backwards.

Date: Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age: 1400 BC - 800 BC

Dimensions: 68.6 mm x 24.15 mm x 0.18 mm

Weight: 13.63 g



A similar object is recorded on the PAS database: SUR-E3AEB2",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.63,,,0.18,68.6,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Lucy Bevan,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Puddletown,SY7494,From finder,50.74501772,-2.36986969,DOR-EBFA4D,,DOREBFA4D.jpg,,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOREBFA4D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1036441.jpg
929203,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe, double mouth moulding, of which the upper is more prominent while the lower is little more than a low ridge from whic springs a loop on one side of the body. Descending from the lower moulding on both faces are four raised ribs in two groups of two separated by a central gap, and curved and tapering to follow the outer edge and die out just beyond the mid-point. The sides of the body flare gently to the axe's widest point at the cutting edge. Casting flashes are prominent along both sides and along the loop. Slight damage on the otherwise relatively sharp cutting edge. There is and irregular perforation near the mid-point on one face (secondary damage, 11 x 8mm). Length 103mm. Blade width 51mm. Weight 151.24g. 1000-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Chance find during metal detecting,2018-10-08T23:00:00Z,2018-11-12T00:00:00Z,,,151.24,,,,103,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Pentney,TF7312,,52.67807888,0.55756371,NMS-00FC20,,62903_00FC20_LBA_SocketedAxe_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/62903_00FC20_LBA_SocketedAxe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155165.jpg
929427,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged chisel dating to the period c. 1150 - 800 BC. The tapering rectangle-sectioned tang exhibits some damage at the tip, but appears to be intact. It expands from 2.5mm in width and 1.8mm in thickness at the tip to 7.5mm in width and 6.4mm in thickness just above the collar. The collar is sub-oval in cross-section and is 13mm in width and 10.8mm in thickness. Below, the blade tapers to a width of 9.4mm before flaring out to 26.1mm at the shallowly curved cutting edge which is now blunt, probably due to post-depositional damage. The chisel exhibits a smooth dark brown patina with patches of dark green.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-15T23:00:00Z,2018-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,16.9,,,10.8,75.2,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Ashwellthorpe and Fundenhall,TM1296,GPS (from the finder),52.52061806,1.12335729,NMS-5059F9,,60255_5059F9_BA_Chisel.jpg,Late Bronze Age tanged chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/60255_5059F9_BA_Chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1041863.jpg
929682,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Incomplete copper-alloy rapier dating to the middle Bronze Age (1500 - 1100 BC). The object has a lozenge-shaped sectioned narrow blade which widens at the haft end, narrowing at two semi-circular indents which are the remains of rivet holes, and terminating in a sub-rectangular extension. The object is extremely worn and the tip of the blade is missing, leaving an abraded broken edge. The object has a green patina. It is 152.24mm in length, 30.62mm at maximum width and 6.70mm in thickness. It weighs 47.34g.



Similar examples have been recorded on the database, including: SUR-B671B3, DENO-6E1928, DENO-1D2B92 and CPAT-633D63.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,47.34,,,6.7,152.24,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,,,,,,,,,LANCUM-6693B2,,LANCUM6693B2.jpg,Copper-alloy dagger,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUM6693B2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1037039.jpg
929684,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Incomplete copper alloy fragment of the tip of a Bronze Age axe dating to c. 1,500 - 800 BC . No further details recorded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-12-23T00:00:00Z,,,Metal Detectives Xmas Dig 2017,2.2,,,,,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,"Aston, Cote, Shifford and Chimney",SP3602,GPS (from the finder),51.71558011,-1.48031461,BERK-669BCE,,,,,,,
930320,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave. Straight-sided, damaged wedge-shaped butt end, with side flanges rising to form a stop-ridge with a small loop on one side. Very slightly waisted before expanding with almost straight sides to the slightly curved, damaged and corroded cutting edge. Below the stop-ridge on both faces is a slight longitudinal arris which dies out towards the blade. The casting seams are visible on both sides and most of the edges are damaged and corroded. Length 156mm. Width of cutting edge 57mm. Maximum thickness 35mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Chance find during metal detecting,2018-10-10T23:00:00Z,2018-11-14T00:00:00Z,,,,,,35,156,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Guestwick,TG0728,,52.80979769,1.06985486,NMS-A8D45E,,PFd_63163_A8D45E_AMD112018_MBA_Palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_63163_A8D45E_AMD112018_MBA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155195.jpg
930323,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy side-looped spear dating from about 1550 BC - 1250 BC. It fits into the Acton Park or Taunton phases. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC).



The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade with a pronounced mid-rib on both faces, triangular in cross-section, giving a lozenge shaped cross-section at the point. There is some damage to the edges of the blade and no edge bevels are discernable. The socket is oval in cross-section and is hollow, but is filled with possible mineralised wood. It has cast side loops roughly half way along the socket. The loops are a flat oval in cross-section, and one is blocked with a casting flange that has not been trimmed. The casting seams along the sides of the socket have been trimmed but are still proud. The spear has a smooth dark brown patina.



Compare WMID-56E2E4 and see also Davis, R (2017) A Short Guide to early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads. Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.5.



The spear is 116.8mm long, 19.9mm wide and 16.9mm thick. 46.3g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-08-28T23:00:00Z,2018-08-28T23:00:00Z,,,46.3,,,16.9,116.8,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Carthorpe,SE2981,Generated from computer mapping software,54.2239042,-1.55670712,SWYOR-A8FC69,,SWYORA8FC69BronzeAgeSpear.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Spear; side-looped,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYORA8FC69BronzeAgeSpear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1038404.jpg
930477,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1600,"An incomplete, cast copper alloy, riveted dagger dating from the Early Bronze Age c.2150 - 1600 BC. In plan it is broadly triangular with straight sides tapering to a rounded, but now abraded point. It is very flat in cross section. The hilt end is badly damaged with the outer corners and the central tang all broken. The break has occurred across the three circular rivet holes, approximately 8.5mm in diameter, one on each corner, and the other in the centre of the tang. This one is positioned slightly further down into the hilt than those on the outer corners. These positions suggest that the tang was slightly convex in shape. One of the side rivets remains in situ, with the other two found loose nearby.



The rivets are circular in cross section with expanded convex heads at either end, and vary in length from 14.4mm - 14.9mm, and in width from 9.8mm - 10.5mm. The weight of the two detached rivets, 5.60g and 5.15g.



Dagger, Length 125.0mm, Width 57.6mm, Thickness 1.8mm, Weight 62.28g.



The overall condition of the piece is fairly stable, with little sign of active corrosion. General patination of both surfaces normal for this type of metal, some areas of delamination.



Ref. Rohl.B, and Needham. S, British Museum Occasional Paper no.102. page 122 , figs. 222, 23, 26, 27.



See SOM-AC79FD.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-11-10T00:00:00Z,,,,62.28,,,1.8,125,1,Catherine Falkner,Catherine Falkner,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Thorpe,SK1650,Generated from computer mapping software,53.04702824,-1.76278497,DENO-E61A6B,,DENOE61A6B.jpg,Bronze Age dagger,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENOE61A6B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054258.jpg
930490,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,A heavily corroded copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age axe measuring 51.6mm by 30.9mm. The fragment is pelta-shaped and comprises the blade tip. The area behind the blade is fluted with three pronounced ribs perpendicular to the blade edge and has a rectangular cross section. The remaining surface has a dark green patina. Probably from a palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating (c. 1500 BC to c. 1150 BC). For a more complete example see WMID-7D44CA.,"Found in the same area as SUR-E72368, but no clear association is demonstrable due to a lack of accurate findspot being provided by the finder.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,52.82,,,10.1,51.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Horsley,TQ0751,From a paper map,51.24814476,-0.46831982,SUR-E6EBD6,,SURE6EBD6a.jpg,Bronze Age axe fragment,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURE6EBD6a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1038470.jpg
930497,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1100,"A fragment of copper-alloy Bronze Age axe or adze, 26.3mm in length and 38.7mm wide, comprising the blade tip. The edge of the blade is curved without flared tips and has a profile suggesting that this is possibly of the Middle Bronze Age palstave type. The patina is light green to brownish grey. The break reveals a casting void which approaches the surface on one side and may demonstrate a weakness which led to original break.","Found in the same area as SUR-E6EBD6, but no clear association is demonstrable due to a lack of accurate findspot being provided by the finder.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.57,,,9.3,26.3,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Horsley,TQ0751,From finder,51.24814476,-0.46831982,SUR-E72368,,SURE72368.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURE72368.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1038469.jpg
930784,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of the proximal end (partial butt and constriction for the blade) of a Group III rapier (Burgess,C. B and Gerloff, S,1981), with well defined triple arris to the blade, the central ridge flattens out as it reaches the handle, there is a faint wear impression of the omega shaped handle on the surface, the position of the rivet holes for the handle are not visible and the elongated, thin blade (possibly sub-type Lissane? although the blade is rather thin) is largely missing, The main surface of the rapier is patinated dark glossy brown (water patina?) and all the recently damaged areas are patinated mid-green. It is unusual to record a Group III from Norfolk, predominantly they are Group IV. Circa 1600-1001 BC.



Finder's Field Name: BR.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-11-13T00:00:00Z,2018-11-13T00:00:00Z,,,27,,,4,72.5,1,Jason Gibbons,Jason Gibbons,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1196,From finder,52.52100582,1.10864136,NMS-FD586A,,9924_FD586A_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Bronze Age rapier,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/9924_FD586A_MBA_RapierFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154556.jpg
931252,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1050,-800,"An incomplete worn cast copper alloy socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1050 - 800 BC). The blade end of the axe head survives and is trapezoidal in shape with a crescentic cutting edge. The corners are slightly flared and rounded. The socket of the axe is sub-rectangular measuring 24.3mm x 18.4mm. It has jagged breaks around all the sides which have removed the original end of the socket and no evidence of the original probable collar remaining. At one edge of the socket end of the axe head there is a small circular projection which was probably the remains of a loop that would have been attached to the socket. Casting seams are visible on the sides of the axe head. The blade edge has sporadic thick incised lines and indentations possibly from ware. The axe head has a mid-green patina.



The axe head is 52.7mm in length, 32.7mm in width, 20.4mm in maximum thickness, and weighs 67.51g.



Similar axe heads can be seen on the database such as: YORYM-82C3F7, NLM-7CDDD3, NLM-B70C26",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,67.51,,,20.4,52.7,1,Helena Costas,Helena Costas,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Waltham St. Lawrence,SU8377,GPS (from the finder),51.48587068,-0.80603102,BERK-28CD29,,BERK28CD29.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/helenacostas/BERK28CD29.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1040657.jpg
931290,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1900,"Complete copper-alloy miniature developed flat axe dating to the late Early/early Middle Bronze Age. The axe has a narrow butt with moderately concave sides. Initially the sides are only slightly flaring but in the last 20% of its length the width increases by another 50% to form the curved cutting edge. In profile, the axe is lenticular with the maximum thickness at the centre of its length.



Dimensions: 34.4mm in length, 12.0mm in max.width, 4.2mm in max.thickness and weighs 4.97g.



The axe appears to be modelled on the Class 3 non-flanged axe types of Period 2 circa 2100-1900 BC. It is too small to have functioned as an axe and current archaeological thinking believes they played a role in votive/ritual practices or functioned as amulets. Despite the obvious lack of contemporaneity, those modelled on later Bronze Age axe types, viz socketed and looped, have been found in secure Iron Age and Roman contexts.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-09T00:00:00Z,2018-12-09T00:00:00Z,,,4.97,,,4.2,34.4,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Litcham,TF8817,GPS (from the finder),52.71798245,0.78202405,NMS-4436A4,,NMS4436A4.jpg,Bronze Age miniature flat axe,Garry Crace,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/NMS4436A4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1038417.jpg
931869,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of cast copper alloy socketed axe, dating to the Late Bronze Age c. 1000 - 800 BC.



Description: The fragment represents part of the socketed end of the axe and is unevenly shaped. Part of the rimmed collar for the socket remains. Just after the rim there is a side loop to help secure the axe to its handle, which remains intact. The fragment is dark to light green on the surfaces, its surface is also heavily worn suggesting while the breaks are moderately worn suggesting they occurred  after deposition although not recently.



Measurements: 30.54mm long, 25.08mm wide., 11.32mm thick and 12.29g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.29,,,11.32,30.54,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Shepway,Lyminge,TR1639,Generated from computer mapping software,51.10957614,1.08437536,KENT-A83F63,,KENTA83F63.jpg,Socketed axe fragment,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTA83F63.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1038846.jpg
932122,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1400,"A fragment from a Bronze age copper-alloy artefact, probably a dirk (dagger/knife) of middle Bronze Age date. This fragment weighs 25.20g and is from the distal butt-end of the blade. The fragment has a pointed-oval to shallow lozenge shaped cross-section and all of the edges are worn. The fragment has an incomplete length of 38.6mm, maximum width of 35.1mm at approximately 20.6mm in from the butt-end and maximum thickness of 4.6mm. The butt-end is a relatively straight line with rounded corners and width of 29.5mm. The fragment's sides angle inwards, tapering towards, the now missing, blade tip. The blade has a, slightly diagonal, very worn transverse break and a width of 23.2mm. The break of slope on the change of angle along the edges, on both sides, of the blade is c.8.5mm in from the edges. Two circular rivet holes are present at the butt-end. One is positioned 4.5mm in from the butt-end and 1.9mm in from the side edge. This aperture has a diameter of 6.9mm. The other rivet hole is positioned 6.9mm in from the butt-end and 0.8mm in from the side edge. Being so close to the edge the metal between the aperture and edge has broken and the metal has pulled apart, one break above the other, creating a gap of 0.6mm. A rivet remains in place through this hole. The rivet has a sub-circular cross-section with a diameter of 6.5mm, which fits securely into the aperture, and length of 11.1mm. The rivet has a shallow domed head which expands slightly from the diameter of the shaft, probably due to being hammered on both sides to secure the rivet in place thus to hold the blade to the hilt. The head has a more oval diameter of 7.1mm x 6.4mm the head at the other end of the rivet measuring 7.1mm x 6.9mm. Peter Reavill suggests that the condition of the mushroom headed rivets is likely to indicate that the hilt was still attached to the blade when it went into the ground.



These types of artefact were made by casting in moulds. This artefact is too incomplete to be able to suggest a specific type of dirk. Compare with PAS record BERK-2C1328 see <https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/888525> .",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.2,,,4.6,38.6,1,Helen Fowler,Helen Fowler,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1095,From a paper map,52.51241496,1.09329406,CAM-CB2925,,CAMCB2925.jpg,"Bronze age copper-alloy artefact fragment, probably a rapier.",Cambridgeshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hfowler/CAMCB2925.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1039899.jpg
932333,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,,,"A copper alloy unidentified object of unknown date. The object is cylindrical but solid, at one end there are four triangular projections, two of which have rounded knops on the terminal end. Inside the projections is hollow, with traces of corrosion. In the body of one of the projections is a circular indentation, possibly a ring and dot decoration. Below this is a circular perforation, this is mirrored on the opposite side of the object. At the opposite end of the cylinder the object ends in a worn break. Either side of this is a half circular globular projection, projecting out like wings and running from the top edge to the lower edge of the object. The outside of the object has a mid green patina, on the inside of the broken end it is a dark red brown colour. It measures 29.1mm in length, 15.4mm in width, 10.1mm in thickness and weighs 10.02g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-24T23:00:00Z,,,,10.02,,,10.1,29.1,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,,Milton Keynes,Milton Keynes,Castlethorpe,SP8043,From finder,52.07958892,-0.83403465,BUC-4D21F2,,BUC4D21F2.jpg,Unidentified object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC4D21F2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1039253.jpg
932383,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A Fragment of a Middle or Late Bronze Age copper alloy spear head, probably dating to c. 1550-800 BC. The surviving fragment comprises of the point of the spear head, between the point and the internal socket end. The fragment is sub-triangular in plan, expanding from the point into an old break. The spearhead is cast with a central longitudinal midrib, from which the wings project tapering into the edge. The mid-rib and socket are both rounded in cross section. The fragment is bent, curving to one side in profile.



Dimensions: length 35.65mm; width 16.80mm; thickness 9.10mm; weight 11.15g.



Without the socket, the fragment cannot be more precisely dated. However the roundness of the central mid-rib may suggest a Middle Bronze Age date, cf. Davies 2017, nos. 5-7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.15,,,,35.65,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Downton,SU1824,,51.01509962,-1.7447774,WILT-648D9F,,WILT648D9F.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT648D9F.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098042.jpg
932434,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, dating to c BC 1100 - 800. The surviving fragment comprises of a section of the socket mouth; it is sub-trapezoidal in plan and slightly curved in profile. The base of the fragment is expanded in cross section, suggesting an expanded socket mouth, and with a second, less pronounced collar, parallel to the mouth, below the break. 



Dimensions: 19.45mm in length; 18.90mm in width; 6.29g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.29,,,,19.45,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,West Tisbury,ST9128,,51.05127417,-2.1297745,WILT-A25C31,,WILTA25C31.jpg,WILT-A25C31,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILTA25C31.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1056353.jpg
932559,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A copper alloy late Bronze Age socketed axehead dating from about 1000 BC - 800 BC. It is a South Eastern ribbed type. The axe has a square, collared socket, from which two faces angle inwards, widening at the point at which they meet to form a slightly curved cutting edge. The mouth has a double collar moulding, the upper one more pronounced. There is a D-shaped loop springing from the lower collar on one of the triangular side faces. There are three ribs spaced evenly but closely across the front, and three on the back face, extending approximately halfway down the face. A casting seam is visible along both side faces, and there are the stubs of four casting jets, one on each edge of the mouth, with internal casting seams down the centre of the front and back faces of the axe. The cutting edge is extensively chipped, showing light green metal beneath the smooth blueish green patina. It is 80.29mm long, 40.61mm high, 37.37mm wide and weighs 216g. The socket is 59.6mm deep, 27.8mm wide internally. 



This axe fits the Ewart Park phase, metalworking phases X - XII, or Needham Periods 6-7, dating from about 1150-750 CAL BC. This axe is likely to date from about 1000 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-11-08T00:00:00Z,2017-11-08T00:00:00Z,,,216,40.61,,,80.29,1,Chris Scriven,Chris Scriven,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Richmondshire,Patrick Brompton,SE2390,From finder,54.3050911,-1.64804311,SWYOR-CAB4F0,,SWYORCAB4F0BronzeAgeSocketedAxehead.jpg,Late Bronze Age Socketed Axehead; Yorkshire Type,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYORCAB4F0BronzeAgeSocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1040025.jpg
932608,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A Middle Bronze Age (1400-1100 BC) dirk or rapier, 142.6mm in length. The edges of the blade are straight and gradually taper to a rounded point. The butt is trapezoid with a flat rear and concave shoulders. Rivet holes to either side,of the butt, one of which is partially broken, would have secured the hilt. Both rivets are missing and one of the holes is filled with iron concretion. The blade is lozengiform in cross section and has a very low rounded spine. The rounded tip and uneven edge suggest re-sharpening and a prolonged lifetime of use. The surface of the object shows some damage and is covered by extensive iron concretion from ground water.",Dirks and rapiers of this type belong to Burgess and Gerloff's (1981) Group IV.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-11-17T00:00:00Z,,,,32.84,,,4.2,142.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Stratton Audley,SP6024,From finder,51.91131007,-1.12915597,SUR-CDFEEC,,SURCDFEEC.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURCDFEEC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1039772.jpg
932812,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy spearhead, dating to the middle or late Bronze Age (1200-800BC). Only the tip of the spearhead remains, which is triangular in shape, and lozenge in cross section. The break is worn. An insufficient amount of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed. The tip has a mid green/brown patina.



Weight: 3.92gms Length: 32.2mm Width: 9.7mm Thickness: 4.1mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2018,3.92,,,4.1,32.2,1,William Burleigh,William Burleigh,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Ascott-under-Wychwood,SP3117,From finder,51.850739,-1.55135005,PUBLIC-E8826D,,215218.jpg,PUBLIC-E8826D-copper alloy bronze age dagger tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/longcross/215218.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1039799.jpg
933006,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper alloy spear head, probably dating to c. 1550-800 BC. The fragment consists of the point of the blade; it is sub-triangular in plan, with a circular sectioned mid-rib and mid-rib aperture, from which project the wings of the blade. These taper in section into the point. Rest of the spearhead is lost to an old break.



Length: 32.1mm; Width: 16.5mm; Thickness: 7.6mm; Weight: 8.44g.



Precise typological classification is difficult considering the fragmentary nature of the object, however its form would suggest a Middle or Late Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.44,,,7.6,32.1,1,Sophie Hawke,Sophie Hawke,,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Coombe Bissett,SU0927,Generated from computer mapping software,51.04228563,-1.87300201,WILT-32D439,,WILT32D439.JPG,Middle to Later Bronze Age spear head,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT32D439.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1040447.jpg
933044,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A probable Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead fragment, probably dating to c. 1100-800 BC. A sub-rectangular fragment with a sub-triangular cross section, comprising of part of the cutting edge and internal socket end. Only one wall survives, leaving the socket open on one face, with all breaks being old. 



Dimensions: 28.8mm in length; 18mm in width; 6.31g in weight.



Although the fragment is too small to be certain, it probably fits into the Ewart park or Wilburton metal working groups, giving it a date of 1100-800 BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981: 119).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.31,,,,28.75,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Wimborne St. Giles,SU0018,,50.96142422,-2.00137282,WILT-337985,,WILT337985.JPG,Bronze Age socketed axehead fragment,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT337985.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1045069.jpg
933178,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. Only the blade edge survives intact, the remainder now missing due to old breaks. The fragment measures 8.94mm long, 30.97 wide and has a maximum thickness of 5.55m. It weighs 3.96g.



The fragment is 'D' or crescent shaped in plan with a curved cutting edge, and has a straight inner edge. In cross section this inner edge is a pointed oval. The blade edge thickens evenly either side from the cutting edge towards the main section of the axe. Internally the blade is solid at this point. The blade edge has one small chip likely to be post-depositional, the chip showing a clean break.



The fragment is light green in colour and much of its original surface is covered by dark brown well-formed patina.



Given the extent of the curve of the blade and the even thickening towards the centre in cross section, the fragment is likely to be from a Late Bronze Age (c.1150 - 800 cal BC) socketed axehead, although it is not possible to rule out that it was a Middle Bronze Age Palstave. (c.1600 - 1150 cal BC).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-02T23:00:00Z,2018-11-05T00:00:00Z,,Detectival 2018,3.96,,,5.6,8.9,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Leafield,SP3015,From finder,51.83281208,-1.56604031,SOM-36C4E7,,SOM36C4E7.JPG,Late Bronze Age socketed axe blade fragment,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elburnett/SOM36C4E7.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1040144.jpg
933223,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A small copper alloy barbed and tanged arrowhead, 20mm in length, of probable Middle - Late Bronze Age date (c. 1300 - 800 BC). The arrowhead has considerable abrasion and loss to the blade edges and tip, however it is clearly of triangular form. The cross sectional profile is flat, slightly elliptical but without a prominent midrib. The trapezoidal tang is splayed and relatively wide (6.5mm) compared to the overall width of the head (12.6mm).","The only example of this type of bronze arrowhead from a securely dated archaeological context comes from the Penard hoard (c. 1275-1140 BC) and was published in Archaeologica 71 (p. 138). At the time of its discovery it was a unique find in Britain and was presumed to be an import on the basis of a range of previous finds of bronze arrowheads recorded from Northern France. PAS recorded finds have since demonstrated that these bronze arrowheads were also a native British tradition, although they are very rare finds. Though the barbed and tanged form was used in flint from the Early Bronze Age, the Penard find suggests at least a Middle Bronze Age date for copper alloy examples such as this one which likely derive their shape from these earlier flint precursors.



Other examples on the database include SWYOR-3A2CF7, NMS-B061B6, NMS-F982A3, WMID-CE6A76, NARC-F9B223, NMS-477E93 and SF6680. This is the first recorded example from Surrey.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,,1.11,,,1.4,20,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,Merstham,TQ2753,From finder,51.26202098,-0.18119935,SUR-4655A8,,SUR4655A8.jpg,Bronze Age copper alloy arrowhead,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR4655A8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1040286.jpg
933328,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head, probably dating to 1100-800 BC.



Description: The fragment survives only as the cutting edge and part of the long rectangular socketed body. The cutting edge survives intact, albeit heavily worn. The blade runs in a very shallow convex curve and is heavily abraded, the blade tips flare slightly outwards. The surviving cross section of the socket is sub-oval. The remaining body appears to be undecorated although with such little remaining it is not possible to be sure although the casting seam is clearly visible . The axehead is patinated a mid green and the breaks have lead to more extensive corrosion.



Measurements: Length: 44.49mm, Width: 43.08mm, Thickness: 16.67mm, Weight: 88.92g.



Discussion: Although, due to completeness it is not certain but this axehead probably fits into the Ewart park or Wilburton metal working groups, giving it a date of 1100-800 BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981: 119).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,88.92,,,16.67,44.49,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,Hadlow,TQ6351,Generated from computer mapping software,51.23490473,0.33344,KENT-496FC6,,KENT496FC6.jpg,Socketed axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT496FC6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1040212.jpg
933737,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Unusually large Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl with circular-sectioned point and tapering square to rectangular-section tang, slight damage at end. Length 119.5mm. Maximum width 7.5mm. Weight 30.99g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",ENF-144937,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Chance find during metal detecting,2018-09-28T23:00:00Z,2018-09-28T23:00:00Z,,,30.99,,,,119.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Carleton Rode,TM1093,From finder,52.49446133,1.092033,NMS-72B0A4,,63017_72B0A4_LBA_Awl.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/63017_72B0A4_LBA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1109519.jpg
933886,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete copper-alloy side-looped spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1550 - 1125 BC. It fits into the Acton Park or Taunton phases. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). 



The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade with a pronounced triangular cross-sectioned mid-rib on both faces, giving a lozenge shaped cross-section at the point. The edges of the blade are irregular and highly fragmentary due to corrosion. Some trace of edge bevels are discernable along parts of the blade edge, but it is hard to distinguish these from areas of corrosion. At the base of the blade is a socket, which is rectangular in plan, circular in cross-section, and is hollow, with no trace of wood remaining inside. Corrosion has created several holes in the sides of the socket. The socket has cast side loops roughly half way along its length, which are fragmentary.



The spearhead is green and brown in colour and in poor condition. All surfaces of the object are pitted and have copper disease, and the edges of the object are very fragile. The spearhead is 154.1mm in length, 35.9mm in width, 22.3mm thickness, and weighs 102.2g. 



This object corresponds closely with Davis Group 6, 'developed side looped'. For this group, the most numerous of all Early and Middle Bronze Age spearheads, Davis suggests a chronology corresponding with the Acton Park and Taunton phases, about 1550 - 1250 BC. Similar objects have been recorded on the database as SWYOR-A8FC69, OXON-838037, and YORYM-2D7578",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,102.2,,,22.3,154.1,1,Miss Emily Tilley,Miss Emily Tilley,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Swine,TA1434,GPS (from the finder),53.7898389,-0.27101477,YORYM-767309,,RO0108.jpg,Bronze Age : Spear.,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ertilley/RO0108.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1042058.jpg
934018,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A complete copper alloy Middle Bronze Age socketed spearhead of Davis Group 6 type, dating from c. 1500 to 1300 BC, placing it in the Acton and Taunton phases. These phases correspond with Needham's period 5.



The spearhead has a leaf shaped blade, with a pronounced and rounded midrib ridge which runs to the tip of the spear. The tip is now worn and broken, as are the edges of the blade. The blade and midrib cross section is lozenge shaped. The socket is circular in cross section and hollow.



The loops are about half way down the socket of the spearhead, these are formed of a narrow rectangular loop plate on both sides. The loops are D shaped in cross section, with an oval perforation. Running along the edges close to the loops are raised casting seams. The socket flares out towards the terminal edge, which is now worn and broken. One part has been folded inwards, and another part is folded outwards.



The spearhead has a dark green patina, with small circular patches of light green on the surface. At the socket end there is traces of orange brown on the surface. The spearhead measures 101.3mm in length, 22.4mm in maximum width, 17.8mm in maximum thickness and weighs 57.51g.



See Davis 2017, page 2, figure 6.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-19T00:00:00Z,,,,57.51,,,17.8,101.3,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Quainton,SP7120,GPS (from the finder),51.87406119,-0.9700912,BUC-884358,,BUC884358.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC884358.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1040894.jpg
934089,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A complete Early Bronze Age cast copper-alloy undecorated developed flat axe dating from about 2000-1700 BC. The axe is sub-rectangular in plan with an expanded crescent shaped blade. The butt, in plan, is complete with a rounded terminal. The side view of the axe is a sub pointed oval with both terminals tapering. 



In cross section the body of the axe is H-shaped as the side edges of the axe have been raised by hand hammering to form slight flanges. The flanges appear to have been cast and probably augmented by hammering. On both faces of the axe there is a slight bump / rib / proto-stop ridge, where the butt and the blade meet and the face of the axe changes angle. The thickness of the axe across the flanges is 12.6mm and the septum is 10.2mm thick at the proto-stop-ridge. There is no decoration present and the casting flanges have been trimmed filled and hammered flat.



The blade tip flares outwards from the body. One edge is angled outward, and the other is a concave curve. There is no obvious cutting edge bevel towards the blade edge, although it does tapers giving a slightly blunt edge.



The surface of the axe has a well-developed dark green to dark grey patina. It is 92.8mm long, 43.1mm wide and 12.6mm thick. 108.1g.



The axehead is best described as coming from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age (EBA III), of metalworking stage IV-V (more likely V) specifically within the developed flat axe tradition which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL.BC.



The axe seems similar to some Brandon types. These are described by Burgess and Schmidt in Catalogue of the Axes in Northern Britain as: being ""notably smaller than other advanced flat axes, usually under 130mm length. They have straight parallel or near parallel sides which curve out suddenly just above the blade to a widely expanded crescentic cutting edge. This example does not have a particular flared cutting blade. 



Compare also WAW-2779F8, LANCUM-FF1A46, YORYM-57D704 and SWYOR-3DAD49.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-30T23:00:00Z,2018-10-17T23:00:00Z,,,108.1,,,12.6,92.8,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Rylstone,SD9756,Generated from computer mapping software,54.00002205,-2.04725522,SWYOR-8A8C71,,SWYOR8A8C71BronzeAgeAxe.jpg,Early Bronze Age Developed Flat Axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR8A8C71BronzeAgeAxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1042181.jpg
934338,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Middle Bronze Age palstave dating to the period c. 1600 - 1400 BC. The butt end exhibits a large notch and traces of damage. The socket is formed by a set of right angled flanges which flank the flat central area and increase in height towards the centre of the blade where they are joined by a horizontal stop ridge, forming an H in cross-section. The flanges are slightly damaged along the topmost edge on both sides, with pitting on the outward facing sides of each flange. Immediately below the stop ridge is a shield shaped depression. The blade has inward-bowing sides which flare towards the blade which terminates in a convex cutting edge, now heavily abraded. There is a vertical casting seam along each long edge, tool-marks indicating that this was filed down during finishing. The presence of a casting seam indicates the use of a two-piece mould in production. The surface has a smooth dark brown patina, heavily pitted and damaged by abrasion in places, showing as a dark green.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-08-11T23:00:00Z,2018-08-11T23:00:00Z,,,451,,,27,162,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wacton,TM1889,From finder,52.45542227,1.20706841,NMS-C9B2AD,,62974_C9B2AD_MBA_Palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/62974_C9B2AD_MBA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1041849.jpg
934339,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date, c. 1000 - 800BC. The fragment is the blade end of the axehead which is sub-rectangular with a worn cutting edge and rounded corners. The cross-section is rectangular and the breaks are old and worn.



The metal has a dark green delaminated patina and is worn. The fragment is 44.3mm long, 19.7mm wide, 9mm thick and weighs 25.1g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1000 - 800BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.1,,,9,44.3,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Luttons,SE9570,GPS (from the finder),54.11710388,-0.54812171,YORYM-C9B8F2,,SHo0341.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/SHo0341.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1043778.jpg
934388,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An incomplete, mid Bronze Age (1450 to 1200 BC), copper alloy, palstave. The fragment is very worn and missing the end that would have attached to a staff. The object is solid, not hollow. With the lack of evidence of a socket and the thickness at the break this is likely to be a palstave rather than a socketed or flat axe.



The shape of the axe is sub-triangular in plan and in profile, and the cross section of the break is rectangular.



Dimensions: length 66.59mm, thickness 18.63mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,147,,,18.63,66.59,1,Timothy Locke,Timothy Locke,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Henfield,TQ2316,GPS (from the finder),50.93034625,-0.25109083,SUSS-CBF9BA,,SUSSCBF9BA.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/carolina/SUSSCBF9BA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1041575.jpg
934484,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1200,800,"The tip of an incomplete cast copper alloy socketed spearhead, of Middle to Late Bronze Age dating (c. 1200-c. 800 cal BC).



The blade is narrow and triangular and has a pronounced mid rib on both sides extending to the tip of the spear, which remains pointed. In cross section the mid rib is lozenge shaped with a maximum thickness of 7.5mm. to either side of the mid rib are two smaller and subtler ridges probably indicating the presence of channels along much of the blade.



The spear head is covered in a thick dark green copper patina that is chipped/abraded in parts. underneath this patina the object is light green. The blade is mostly well preserved but has several chip along both edges these are not as patinated such that these chips look to have occurred after its deposition.



The fragment is narrow being 57.84m in length with a maximum width at its break of 15.8mm. It weighs 12.08 grams.



As this represents only a small fragment of the spear it is not possibly to classify the form of the complete object. It is probably of a later Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age (c. 1200-c. 800 cal BC).



Similar objects include: NLM-99D791, IOW-F3883D, SUR-BB2595",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-17T23:00:00Z,2018-09-17T23:00:00Z,,,12.08,,,7.5,57.8,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0743,From finder,51.18618583,-1.90122401,SOM-DD8385,,SOMDD8385.JPG,Bronze Age spear tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswell99/SOMDD8385.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1041461.jpg
934662,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Bronze age copper alloy axe fragment, 1500-1150 BC. Length: 39 mm, width: 49 mm, thickness: 14 mm, weight: 84 g.



Fragment of a probably palstave axe, consisting of the rounded, splayed blade and part of the solid rectangular shaped and cross sectioned body (29mm wide) which is decorated with a rounded ridge running down its centre towards the blade.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-11-08T00:00:00Z,2018-11-08T00:00:00Z,,,84,,,14,39,1,Wendy Scott,Elisabeth Janovsky,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Hinckley and Bosworth,Sheepy,SK3702,GPS (from the finder),52.61451945,-1.45497186,LEIC-F05700,,LEICF05700.jpg,"Bronze age copper alloy axe fragment, 1500-1150 BC",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ejkj1/LEICF05700.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1041648.jpg
934683,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A copper-alloy sword fragment dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c.1100-800 BC). The blade is trapezoidal in plan and lozenge-shaped in cross sections. The blade is thickest along the central axis and gradually thins towards the outside edges. There is some additional damage along the already broken edges, as well as minor abrasions and scratches across the surfaces of the blade. The fragment has a patchy dark-green and brown patina. It measures 32mm in length, 55mm in width and a maximum of 8mm thick. The blade weighs 50.38 grams.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-30T23:00:00Z,2018-11-18T00:00:00Z,,,50.38,,,8,32,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Longwick-cum-Ilmer,SP7805,GPS (from the finder),51.73828898,-0.8718034,BH-F0B9DA,,BHF0B9DA.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age sword fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BHF0B9DA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1042374.jpg
934943,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1200,"A complete, copper alloy, Later Short Flanged axehead of the Lisset Type, dating to the middle Bronze Age, BC 1300-1200.



The axe head is sub-rectangular in plan with a narrowed square butt end which has been slightly damaged with some jagged edges. The lozenge-shaped flanges start a short way in from the butt corners; all of the flanges have been slightly bent backwards. The flanges terminate approximately mid-way along the body. There is no obvious stop ridge for the handle to butt against although there is a not very pronounced curved stop on the main body just above the lower end of the wings. The blade is thicker than the septum and tapers in thickness to the crescent shaped blade with slightly upturned points. The edge of the blade is slightly chipped on one side. There are rough casting seams down the sides of the object from the pointed apex of the flanges to the points of the blade. There is no evidence of any decoration on the axe head. The patina is generally of a dark green colour with some dark brown patches.



Length: 129.5 mm

Width: 36.94 mm

Thickness: 14.4 mm

Weight: 305 g



Several examples of flanged axe heads can be found on the database although the types differ with small changes in shape, the closest parallel being LANCUM -F0B1FD which states that ""This is quite a large, common group and part of the Taunton Metalwork Assemblage, dating from c. 1300 - 1200 BC"". This axehead thus belongs to a group of Later Short Flanged axes, Lissett Type (Schmidt and Burgess, 1981,100;  plate 48, numbers 616-620).



Schmidt, P.K., Burgess, C., 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. C.H.Beck.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-19T00:00:00Z,2018-12-19T00:00:00Z,,,305,,,14.4,129.5,1,Des Murphy,Des Murphy,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Ford,NT9438,From finder,55.63552281,-2.0968675,DUR-05101C,,DUR05101C.jpg,DUR-05101C,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DUR05101C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1065701.jpg
935731,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A near complete copper alloy Middle Bronze Age dirk (small rapier) dating to the period c.1500 - 1150 BC found in 4 adjoining pieces.



The butt exhibits a series of old breaks along the lower edge which is convex curved and widens out to a maximum of 16.7 mm in width. It then tapers inwards to form two C-shaped notches on either side which are the remains of two broken rivets holes used as the attachment point for the missing handle. Both rivets are missing, and the holes are too fragmented to accurately estimate their diameter.



From these rivet holes the sides of the rapier expand into the shoulders of the blade. The maximum width of these shoulders is 27.1mm. From the shoulders the edge of the rapier narrows into the blade. From this point the blade itself tapers in width more gradually to almost have straight edges towards the end of the blade, the tip of which is missing. The blade is pointed oval in cross-section with no clearly defined mid-rib or edge bevels.



The object has a dark green patina which is particularly thick on the blade close to the rapier's shoulders. On the hilt area are concreted deposits which may be the remains or organic material preserved by copper salts. The majority of the blade's edge on all fragments shows chips, notches and damage but these may be due to post depositional damage. The maximum surviving width of the blade from midrib to edge is 17.1mm and it is maximum thickness is 7mm.



The longest fragment of the blade is bent so that it now forms a gentle curve when viewed in profile. The bending of the blade this way, and the snapping of it, into multiple fragments may have been deliberate although the fragments were found together and still fit together.



The total length of the rapier measures 184.9mm while the surviving portion of the blade is 157.9mm long. Both these figures would have been longer if the longest section of the blade were not bent. The blade has a maximum width of 4.7mm and a minimum width of 2.1mm. It minimum thickness is 1.96mm and its maximum thickness is 6.8mm. The rapier weighs 29.35g.



The object is likely a Group IV blade, with a comparable example no.864 from Undley, Suffolk (Burgess and Gerloff 1981, Plate 107). Close parallels include SOM-EECC89, a complete GLO-036A39 and pieces of two further such implements SUR-A18104/Treasure case 2015 T331. All of these rapiers are of similar form, being of Burgess and Gerloff's Group IV (1981) and dating to the period c. 1500-c. 1150 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-05T23:00:00Z,2018-12-06T00:00:00Z,,,29.35,,,6.8,184.9,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South West,Somerset,Sedgemoor,Middlezoy,ST3834,From finder,51.10193381,-2.88687454,SOM-71AABB,,SOM71AABBsection.jpg,Later Bronze Age rapier,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswell99/SOM71AABBsection.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1045077.jpg
935732,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1250,"An incomplete cast copper alloy leaf-shaped basal-looped spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500 - 1250 cal BC) probably Ehrenberg Class IIIa.



The spear has a sub-circular socket which tapers to a lozenge midrib with rounded ridges on the blade. The internal diameter of the socket is 17.9mm. The socket appears to be filled with concreted material, possibly organic 'fossils' imbuded with copper alloy salts..



The spear's blade is leaf-shaped (a stretched oval) and has narrow incorporated loops with flat plates, with no decoration, on either side at the base of the blade. A large proportion of the spear is covered in a green and brown copper corrosion and concreted material however enough of the blade is visible to discount the presence of channels along the spear. There also appear to be no defined edge bevels although the edges are sharp. The tip of the spear is broken off about 82.2mm from the base of the blade. The edges of the blade at the break are very chipped and fragmented. The break is unworn but patinated.



The concreted material on the surfaces appears to be organic material that was adjacent to the blade when deposited and has become concreted to it with the organics becoming imbuded with metal salts and preserved as 'fossils'.



Length 133.8mm, midpoint at 42.22mm from base of blade width 34.1mm, thickness 22.0. The midrib at the break at the tip end is 10.1mm thick and 6.6mm wide. The diameter of the socket mouth is between 20.3mm and 22.41. It weighs 91.58 grams.



The spear tip's poor preservation makes it difficult to precisely identify the length of the blade. If its tip was near the broken end of the spear the point of the blade's maximum width would lie between 40% and 50% of the blade as measured from its blade/socket junction. This would define the spear as a Davis type 2 (2006, 26). However, it is also possible that the blade extended further, or even became concave in form, which would change the classification of this blade to either the flame (type 3) or ogival (type 4) form respectively. The lozenge shaped midrib with its rounded corners would be consistent with these classes (Davis 2006, 33)



Regardless Davis's review of the dating evidence (ibid. p.49) concluded that, Type 2 and 3 'originated in the Acton park phase, and had its main period of use in the Taunton phase' (ibid. p.50), so around c.1500-1250 cal BC. However, there is also a limited amount of evidence to suggest that a few spearheads were in use beyond this period into the late Bronze Age, perhaps passed down from generation to generation as heirlooms (ibid.).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-05T23:00:00Z,2018-12-06T00:00:00Z,,,91.58,,,22,133.8,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South West,Somerset,Sedgemoor,Middlezoy,ST3834,From finder,51.10193381,-2.88687454,SOM-71B58D,,SOM71B58D.JPG,Bronze Age Basal looped spear head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswell99/SOM71B58D.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1045033.jpg
935811,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"A fragment of copper alloy blade, possibly from a Bronze Age rapier or dagger dating to 1500 - 1000BC. The fragment has a lenticular cross section and is trapezoidal in plan. There is heavy iron concretion and loss to the blade edges and surface. The portion of surviving surface on one side demonstrates a central rib formed by a tapering pair of ridges with an outer pair of ridges towards the edge of the blade.",The pattern of ridges on the blade may be suggestive of KENT-AEA581 or LANCUM-FF125F as examples of the original form of this fragment.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.04,,,8.3,20.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Waverley,Shamley Green and Cranleigh North,TQ0343,From finder,51.17696891,-0.52790468,SUR-7322D1,,SUR7322D1.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR7322D1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1042585.jpg
936244,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"An incomplete copper alloy dagger dating to the middle Bronze Age (c. 1500-1100BC). The object has a lozenge-sectioned narrow blade which widens at the haft end, narrowing at two semi-circular indents which are the remains of rivet holes, and terminating in a sub-rectangular extension. The object is extremely worn with the tip of the blade missing leaving a worn break and the cutting edges chipped. The blade has a very slight curve. The object has a pitted brown to mid-green patina. 



Similar objects recorded on the PAS database include:  LANCUM-6693B2; GLO-7EFE1A; and DUR-C9E965.   



The overall dimensions are as follows: 74.22mm in length, 23.04mm in width, 4.81mm in thickness and 29.82g in weight.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.82,,,4.81,74.22,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,Wales,Wrexham,Wrexham,Bronington,SJ4942,GPS (from the finder),52.97291435,-2.76089845,WMID-9A6CB5,,WMID9A6CB5.jpg,A Bronze Age Dagger,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WMID9A6CB5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1043000.jpg
936844,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete, Late Bronze Age penannular ring (or lock-ring) made from decorated gold sheet around a copper alloy core. The ring is oval in plan with a triangular cross-sectional profile. The face has a pronounced midrib and eight smaller concentric ribs running around either side of the face (17 ribs in total) suggesting construction from gold wire, in contrast to the gold sheeting of the inner surface and terminals which is flat and undecorated. The opening in the ring has been damaged, with the gold plate broken to reveal the corroded copper alloy core. One of the terminals has split and been pushed back inside the ring, with the sheeting ruptured; there is additional crushing damage to one side of the ring which has ruptured the sheeting on the inner surface.



Length: 19.6mm; width: 17.1mm; thickness: 5.2 mm; weight: 3.66g","These types of gold or gold-on-base-metal rings and penannular rings are characteristic finds of the Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC). They belong to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings', 'ring-money' or 'lock-rings' but whose function remains uncertain. They may have been personal adornments worn on the ears or nose, rather than items of exchange. A closely similar example in size and construction in the British Museum's Greenwell Collection (WG 20) was found at Cheeseburn Grange, Northumberland.



For comparable examples on the database which have been declared Treasure, see SOM-50218D, ESS-5ECCA2 (2016T592), BERK-4A433E (2016T106) and BH-8DC056 (2009T513).



Conclusion: The item comprises more than 10% precious metal and is dated at over 300 years old at the time of finding. Additionally it is of prehistoric date and contains a proportion of precious metal. On both counts it therefore qualifies as potential Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",3,Gold,Copper alloy,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-01-24T00:00:00Z,,2019T87,,3.66,6.8,,5.2,19.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Oving,SU8904,From finder,50.82870559,-0.73767642,SUR-EFB639,,SUREFB639.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUREFB639.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1045739.jpg
937125,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1000,800,"A gold lock-ring and three small fragments of gold. The lock-ring is decorated with a series of incised concentric lines. One edge of the lock-ring is broken in a ragged edge, the other follows a neat line that may represent the original edge or a cut mark. The lock-ring is in a moderate condition, with cuts and distortion across its faces. There is evidence of tubing holding the two faces together (this has lifted in one section to reveal this construction technique). Around 1 quarter of the object is now missing and it is unclear from the initial inspection whether the small gold fragments form part of the broken edge or whether they are remains of other elements within the lock-ring construction. More investigation of this piece is required. 

Dimensions: Weight 2.62g; Diameter: 29.6mm

Scientific Analysis

Analysis was carried out by the Department of Scientific Research at The British Museum. 

Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis indicated a surface composition of approximately 80-82% gold, 14-16% silver, the rest being copper. 

Discussion

This Late Bronze Age gold &lsquo;lock-ring&rsquo; dates to the Late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC). Lock-rings are known in relatively small numbers from Ireland, Britain and western France (Eogan 1969). A small number of examples are known from the North of England and the South of Scotland (see Eogan 1994, figure 41). Most of the finest examples have been found in Ireland. The find from &lsquo;Near Errington&rsquo; is a fine example of its kind and, despite its moderate condition, deserves to be acquired and studied in further detail. 

Conclusion

Due to the precious metal content of this object being over 10% gold, and it being over 300 years old, this object qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",,3,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-01-27T00:00:00Z,,2019T94,,2.62,,29.62,2.86,,1,,Andrew Agate,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Wall,NY9672,,55.04249122,-2.06412989,NCL-066786,,DDS_0017_1.jpg,,Tyne and Wear Museums,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/andyagate/DDS_0017_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1051669.jpg
937368,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"A fragment of a copper alloy ingot, possibly a late Bronze Age bun ingot. The lower surface is plano-convex, the upper is broken up and irregular. The plano-convex face suggests an origin in a bowl furnace rather than a mould; the irregular upper surface may suggest distortion from partial re-melting.Circa 1150 - 600 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,67.86,,,20,42.1,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Artington,SU9748,From finder,51.22296353,-0.61236079,SUR-1B3E2A,,SUR1B3E2A.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR1B3E2A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1044201.jpg
937373,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"A fragment of a copper alloy late Bronze Age bun ingot, 53.5mm in length and weighing 74.92g. As is typical for such finds, the surface is pitted and the sides of the fragment have cavities where air bubbles formed during the casting process. Circa 1150 - 600 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,74.92,,,17.6,53.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Compton,SU9747,From finder,51.21397427,-0.61263101,SUR-1B4D0C,,SUR1B4D0C.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR1B4D0C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1044181.jpg
937607,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,43,"A complete cast copper alloy heavy duty ring probably dating from the late Bronze Age to Late Iron Age (c. 1150 BC - AD 43). The ring is circular in plan sub-circular in section. The inside of the ring has what appears to be file marks or possibly scratches resulting from use, however these markings do not cover the entire inner surface. A couple of sections are smooth like the outside, which may suggest the presence of a strap. One area of the ring is slightly thinner than the rest; again a possible indication of use. The ring is undecorated but it has a beautiful green-brown patina which, when compared to other typologically and chronologically distinctive artefacts from the same area, suggests a Bronze Age or Iron Age date. It has an internal diameter of 27.6mm.



Similar rings have been discovered in a number of Bronze Age hoards and have been suggested to be horse harness fittings, part of the handles of a sheet-metal cauldron (Llyn Fawr, Ballyshannon and Castlederg types; Gerloff 2010, Pl. 17, 7b; Pl.32, 14a; Pl. 33, 14f-h; Pl. 34, 15d, Pl. 54, 33c and Pl. 66, 37g), or part of a chain from which a cauldron or other vessel was suspended over a fire. Several are recorded on the PAS database although dates vary: NLM-56D148 and  WAW-0255D3 (Roman), SUR-EDE94A and LANCUM-5BFE21 (Iron Age).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.7,,38.1,4.9,,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,Generated from computer mapping software,51.65244492,-1.43767284,OXON-2FAB47,,2019162.jpg,Bronze Age ring: Ring,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abyard/2019162.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1043974.jpg
937649,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-700,"Incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead dating from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (c.800-700 BC). The collar and the upper half of the axe is missing and there three fragments of more of the wall of the axe that also survive. The lower half that survives is sub-rectangular in plan, triangular in profile and the socket is almost square in section. The socket, when complete, would have held the wooden haft or handle of the axe. The sides of the axehead are straight and almost parallel but expand slightly towards the blade making the cutting edge a little crescentic, which is probably the result of sharpening during use. The cutting edge is also slightly damaged although this appears to be limited to the surface corrosion and is more likely the result of soil movement and of agricultural equipment since depostion than of use. A longitudinal linear casting seam is visible on one side but the other side is pitted and more worn. Most of the surface is oxidized to a pale green with a few patches of dark green patina.



The narrow straight sides of the blade suggest that it is part of an Armorican socketed axe, which are also referred to as 'Breton axes', a type which are usually non-functional and may have been 'ingot-axes' at least in north west France. Outside north west France they are widespread but uncommon. They date from the Late Bronze Age, the Llyn Fawr phase (c.800-700 BC), and into the Early Iron Age, the Hallstatt C phase (c.800-650 BC).



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar Armorican socketed axes from Carn Brea, in Cornwall, on page 424, plates 16-17, nos.129a & c.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate similar socketed axes from Cornwall on pages 38 & 97, plate 24, nos.100-101.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-14T23:00:00Z,2018-11-14T00:00:00Z,,,131.8,,,22,67.5,1,Caroline Dudley,Caroline Dudley,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Erth,SW5632,Generated from computer mapping software,50.13776804,-5.41600381,CORN-310297,,DSCN7295.JPG,Armorican socketed axe (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN7295.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1044082.jpg
937946,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"A copper-alloy unidentified object of probable Bronze Age date, c. 2350-801 BC. The rectangular object is lozenge shaped in cross-section with tapering edges along the longest sides and a raised central ridge.



The object measures 34.82 mm in length, 12.85 mm in width, 4.78 mm thick and weighs 12.67 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.67,,,4.78,34.82,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,,,,,,,,,LIN-82EF6D,,LIN82EF6D.jpg,LIN-82EF6D: Bronze Age unidentified object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lisabrundle/LIN82EF6D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1068581.jpg
938172,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Late Middle Bronze Age - Late Bronze Age socketed spear tip fragment. 27mm in length, 14mm wide and 8mm thick with a weight of 5.48g.



The object is sub rectangular in form and cross section and is badly damaged. It has a tapering cross section which terminates in a rounded point. This is flanked by one partial flat 'blade' It has a very slight rib on each surface and is very worn.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2018-12-12T00:00:00Z,,,5.48,,,8,27,1,Peter Reavill,Joyce Lee,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Bottesford,SK8238,Centred on field,52.93314943,-0.78147304,LEIC-97EA17,,LEIC97EA17.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy socketed spear fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEIC97EA17.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1044598.jpg
938447,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy spearhead probably of middle to late Bronze Age date (c.1550-800 BC).



The spearhead is fragmentary, missing the base of the socket, half the length of the midrib and the opposing blade; with only half the upper section surviving to the tip. The midrib is circular in section (approximately 8mm in diameter at the break) and extends into the blade to the tip. The surviving blade wing is very worn and abraded and widens from 5.5mm at the base to 9.0 mm before tapering to towards the tip.



The fragmentary condition of the object makes typological identification uncertain so a wide date range of Middle to Late Bronze Age is suggested. 



Measurements: length: 78.41mm; width: 17.98mm: thickness: 11.65mm and weight: 20.9g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.9,,,11.65,78.41,1,Timothy Locke,Timothy Locke,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Hunston,SU8601,GPS (from the finder),50.80218701,-0.78096455,SUSS-ADB62E,,SUSSADB62Ea.jpg,fragment of a copper alloy spearhead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSSADB62Ea.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1158540.jpg
938725,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1200,"An incomplete copper alloy palstave axe head dating to the Middle Bronze Age, circa 1450 - 1200 BC. The palstave is in good condition but broken behind the stopridge, most of the rectangular cross-sectioned butt is missing. It has a single, well formed side loop. The blade has a heavily curved faceted/bevelled cutting edge which shows marks of hammering. On both sides there is a thin median rib from the stop ridge to the blade facet.



The object is an early/primary looped palstave (group III) with a mid-rib, dating to the Acton Park II to Taunton to early Penard phase of metalwork (1450 - 1200 BC). The blade facet shows ripples from the metal being drawn down through hammering to sharpen the blade. The surface of the rest of the blade, on all four sides, has many small indents that appear to be decorative.



The patina of the axe is almost complete. One face of the axe has a distinctive light blue to turquoise colour while the other is a darker green. The break appears old and has developed a green patina. The surface of the break is pitted and has several deep indents, formed by air bubbles in the alloy as the object was being cast.



A similar object is illustrated in Rowlands 1976 Fig 3, Plate 54 (Eglesham Meadows hoard).



Overall length 95.4 mm. Width at butt 23.4 mm, at blade 63.7 mm. Thickness 31.3 mm at stopridge, tapering to 1.0 mm at blade edge. Weight 260 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-06T00:00:00Z,,,,260,,,31.3,95.4,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Bonsall,SK2757,Generated from computer mapping software,53.10951009,-1.59812064,DENO-C47B60,,DENOC47B60.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENOC47B60.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1046576.jpg
938850,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"A triangular fragment of copper alloy, possibly a late Bronze Age bun ingot, 45.5mm in length and weighing 138.51g. As is typical for such finds, the surface is pitted and the sides of the fragment have cavities where air bubbles formed during the casting process. Circa 1150 - 600 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,138.51,28.4,,,45.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Send,TQ0254,From a paper map,51.27602661,-0.53907811,SUR-D494CB,,SURD494CB.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURD494CB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1045887.jpg
939314,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A gold biconical bead of 8.4mm diameter, with slightly dished, concave faces and a central hole 2.5mm in diameter. The inner surface of the hole is rough and there is a visible casting flaw within the interior. The solidity of the bead and the rough cylindrical interior of the central hole suggests that the method of manufacture was casting rather than construction from sheet metal.



Diameter: 8.4mm, thickness / height: 6.3mm, weight: 1.88g.","This bead is likely to date to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1100 BC) based on comparanda from the database (NMS-AEC678 (2013T20), HAMP-72E451 (2011T526), PAS-65902F (2015T175) and GLO-46CA05 (2014T358)) and various other excavated examples from stratified contexts (as quoted in these PAS records). Such Middle Bronze Age gold beads are a relatively rare find (Murgia et al.) and can be contextualised with reference to the so-called 'ornament horizon(s)', which see a proliferation of bronze and gold ornaments in Southern England and Britain (respectively) during the period c.1400-1100 BC (Roberts, 2007).



Conclusion: The object contains more than 10% precious metal and is of prehistoric date. Consequently, it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 and the 2002 Treasure Designation Order, in terms of both age and precious metal content.",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2019-01-27T00:00:00Z,,2019T138,,1.88,,8.4,6.3,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Overton,SU5049,From finder,51.23799766,-1.28516994,SUR-165AC6,,SUR165AC6.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR165AC6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1049396.jpg
941113,Brooch,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Brooch of Central European, Bronze Age, type, c.1100-800 BC. It is made from a single length of 2.7mm diameter, copper alloy wire, one end of which is a tightly wound to form a six turn spiral. From this the wire is bent back on itself to form a hook-like catch plate. The wire is twisted back and forth to form five, figure of 8 loops on the end of which is an integral pin. The wire is cracked at this point. The brooch is in excellent condition with a mid-brown patination which contains some grains of sand. Length 99.3mm, Width 41.7mm, Height 26.2mm, Mass 30.31g.



This brooch is of Central European type and can be closely paralleled by two examples found in a hoard of gold jewellery on the bank of the Danube between Duna-Földvár and Paks in Hungary. This was dated to the 11th to 9th century BC (Hugh Tait, 7000 years of Jewellery, The British Museum, 2006, 51, plate 108). A further parallel is provided by an example in Merseyside Museums which is provenance as 'Northern Hungary' (Susan Nicholson, Catalogue of the Prehistoric Metalwork in the Merseyside County Museums, Merseyside County Council, Liverpool,, 1980, 70, No. 141.



While it is not impossible for this object to have found its way to England in antiquity its condition, and the fact that it was a surface find, suggest that it may be a recent import, perhaps coming from a European collection during the Second World War and, its significance unrecognised, subsequently lost.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1962-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,30.31,26.2,,,99.3,1,Kevin Leahy,Kevin Leahy,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Badsey,SP0744,Centred on parish,52.09430049,-1.89923645,WAW-FC5599,,Birm623.jpg,"Brooch, Bronze Age, Central Europe",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kaleahy/Birm623.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1046928.jpg
941131,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-800,400,"Two copper alloy discs, both roughly made, plain but with a low, flat, central boss. On the back of each of the discs are two lugs, both perforated for an attachment pin. These are linked by two, small ribs. Disc A: Diameter 22.6mm, 2.9mm thick, Mass 4.79g. Disc B: Diameter 20.6mm, Thickness 2.9mm, Mass 4.36g. These object are difficult to date but may be related to the 'double looped' buttons that occur in the Bronze Age although the holes through the loops appear, at 2.0mm to be unusually small. A wide date range must be proposed.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-09-21T23:00:00Z,,,,4.79,,22.6,2.9,,1,Kevin Leahy,Kevin Leahy,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Badsey,SP0842,From finder,52.07630606,-1.88468593,WAW-FCE6C6,,Birm629.jpg,Bronze Age buttons,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kaleahy/Birm629.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1046936.jpg
941150,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,"Fragment of a Bronze Age sickle. This consist of part of a blade, one edge of which is slightly incurved, suggesting that it represents a sickle rather than a sword or rapier. The fragement has a flat lozenge shaped section with indications of two arrises down each of its faces. Length 34.6mm, Width 22.3, Thickness 4.6mm, Mass 13.14mm, Bronze Age, c. 1200-700BC",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-08-11T23:00:00Z,,,,13.14,,,4.6,34.6,1,Kevin Leahy,Kevin Leahy,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Badsey,SP0643,From finder,52.08532149,-1.91385048,WAW-FD9B8F,,Birm636.jpg,Bronze Age sickle,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kaleahy/Birm636.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1046953.jpg
941177,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age, double edged, knife of 'Thorndon' type. All that survives is the end of the socket and the start of the blade which has a flattened lozenge section. The junction between the blade and the flattened oval socket is marked by a transverse step. Length 32.8mm, Width 19.6mm, Thickness 7.6mm, Mass 10.88g. This fragment can be compared to the complete Thorndon knife from North Somerset, GLO-B2DAA9. The type is dated to 950-750BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2011-07-26T23:00:00Z,,,10.88,,,7.6,32.8,1,Kevin Leahy,Kevin Leahy,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Badsey,SP0743,From finder,52.08530995,-1.89925664,WAW-FE6495,,Birm644.jpg,Bronze Age knife,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kaleahy/Birm644.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1046962.jpg
941639,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-801,"Bronze age copper alloy axe blade fragment,  27mm in length, 14mm wide and 6mm thick with a weight of 3.14g.



The object is sub triangular in form and cross section and consists of a corner of a blade of a probable socketed axe. It has a slightly curved and damaged blade, 1mm thick at its tip. The fragment then widens out and is solid, but in a very damaged state. It was found in the same location as other prehistoric metal fragments (see LEIC-544574 and LEIC-54F15A) suggesting it may have been gathered for re-working?",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2019-01-23T00:00:00Z,,,3.14,,,6,27,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Knapwell,TL3260,GPS (from the finder),52.2223978,-0.06901277,LEIC-542023,,LEIC542023a.jpg,Bronze age copper alloy axe fragment,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wscott/LEIC542023a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1047580.jpg
941678,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-801,"Prehistoric copper alloy object fragment? 15mm in length, 13mm wide and 4mm thick with a weight of 3.07grams. The object is sub rectangular in form and rectangular (rhomboid) in cross section, with each face having a rounded central ridge. The object has a tri-lobed form with three incomplete shafts, one of which is slightly longer,  all are broken off. The patina suggests a great age, but function is uncertain.



It was found in the same location as two prehistoric metal fragments,  (see LEIC-544574 and LEIC-542023) suggesting it may be this old and could have been gathered for re-working?",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2019-01-23T00:00:00Z,,,3.07,,,4,15,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Knapwell,TL3360,GPS (from the finder),52.22215748,-0.05438244,LEIC-54F15A,,LEIC54F15A.jpg,Prehistoric copper alloy fragment?,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEIC54F15A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1047254.jpg
941945,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-300,"An incomplete copper alloy ""Moustache-shaped"" object probably of Middle Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age date (1500-300 BC). The object consists of two pointed drop-shaped elements (one point is lost due to abrasion), D-shaped in cross-section and joined at their widest point, by a longitudinally recessed oval neck. There are multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper face on both domed sides of the object, the tapering lower parts are plain. The two moustache tips or prongs flare slightly outwards and the retained point terminates in a narrow point. The central neck section of the object is plain and undecorated but the underside (between the two prongs) has a sub-circular perforation, believed to facilitate the attachment of the object.





The metal has a dark green smooth patina with some areas of light green corrosion.





Height: 19.95mm, Width: 43.91mm, Thickness: 12.66mm, Weight: 21.2g","These moustache-like objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117).



Some are 'single' examples while others are 'double' like this example, the drop-shaped elements often extending downwards rather more than outwards, for example YORYM-1AA0C5, SF-520513, HAMP-6F4C45, BERK-C3E5A3 and BH-AA1CBE.

The open area at the centre of the object suggests it was meant to top something that fitted into this gap. Descriptions of other moustache-like objects with similar perforations describe iron corrosion or wood mineralisation around the perforation. Although very similar to wing-shaped chapes, it seems unlikely they had a similar function, as the perforation (and size of the object) is comparably small.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.2,19.95,,12.66,,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Wendover,SP8704,From finder,51.7279771,-0.74174699,NARC-6A4546,,NARC6A4546.jpg,NARC-6A4546 : Moustache : Bronze Age-Iron Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC6A4546.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1047401.jpg
942211,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper alloy sickle, probably dating to c. 1500-800 BC. The fragment consists of a sub-triangular, curving fragment of blade, with a central mid-rib tapering into the edges in cross section. The fragment is truncated by an old break, with all edges being abraded. 



Length: 20.3mm; width: 15.6mm; thickness: 2.1mm; weight: 1.83g.



cf. a similar, but more complete sickle found at Edington Burtle (Pearce 1983: 512-513, no. 648). The fragment is too incomplete to be further classified.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.83,,,2.1,20.3,1,Sophie Hawke,Sophie Hawke,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Gussage St. Michael,SU0014,From finder,50.92545492,-2.00137156,WILT-7F60F4,,WILT7F60F4.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT7F60F4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1097755.jpg
942318,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Early - Middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged axehead dating to the period c. 1700 - 1500 BC. It exhibits a narrow butt (31mm in width, 9.7mm in thickness). The body is slender and expands along its length to a width of 51.7mm. The sides exhibit high, inward-curved flanges forming a lenticular profile (maximum thickness 23.6mm, tapering to 12.1mm at the top of the blade). Most of the surface is now heavily corroded and pitted. 



The blade expands obliquely from either side of the axehead at the point the flanges terminate, forming a crescentic cutting edge (width: 83mm). This has been somewhat abraded and is now obscured by corrosion product.



It has a low bevel or ridge about halfway down the septum (c.39mm from the butt), which indicates the beginnings of stop ridge technology as is seen on later flanged axes and palstaves. This is clearer on the better preserved face of the axehead.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-15T00:00:00Z,2019-01-15T00:00:00Z,,,518,,,23.6,134.5,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Norfolk,Great Yarmouth,Filby,TG4813,From finder,52.65795714,1.66561107,NMS-91DAA7,,63217_91DAA7_MBA_FlangedAxehead.jpg,Early to Middle Bronze Age flanged axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/63217_91DAA7_MBA_FlangedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1105313.jpg
942611,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1100,"A fragment of a middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged or palstave axehead, comprising a 19.4mm long section of the butt end. The fragment is flat in profile, with the tapering ends of parallel ridges along each side. The butt end tapers and the end is asymetrical from wear. The break is patinated and looks ancient.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-26T23:00:00Z,,,,12.23,8.3,,,19.4,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Ludgershall,SU2650,From finder,51.24858313,-1.62886842,SUR-D248E1,,SURD248E1.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURD248E1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1047970.jpg
942673,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed leaf-shaped spearhead (c. 1600 BC-c. 800 BC). The fragment has a rounded socket through the wings, which are incomplete, worn and damaged. Patches of bronze disease is evident.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-27T23:00:00Z,,,,27.4,,,,51.3,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3896,GPS (from the finder),51.66150401,-1.45201823,OXON-D3BDC9,,OXOND3BDC9.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age spearhead fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXOND3BDC9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100227.jpg
942680,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed and side looped spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1550-1250 BC). The spearhead has a short but slender kite-shaped blade with rounded shoulders. The edges are bevelled but are now damaged and blunt. The socket is circular and tapers from the open mouth into the shaft between the blade's wings. There are two lozenge-shaped drilled 'loops' located between the socket mouth and the blade. Both of the spear wings have corrosion adhering to them, one side more so than the other. This is strongly indicative of deposition in a watery or saturated context. Slithers of what appears to be carbonised wood is visible in the socket.



The spear is 155.8mm long, 40.9mm wide, the blade is 14.9mm thick, the socket has a diameter of 18.9mm. The spear weighs 125.2 grams.



Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis'  (1909) Class IV which they date to the early Middle Bronze Age. Davis (2012) has recently provided a more thorough typology of Bronze Age spearheads in Britain in which he dates side looped forms to The Acton Park Phase (1550-1400 cal BC) (Davis 2012: 108) with the suggestion that in some areas this use may be extended slightly into the Taunton Phase (Davis 2012: 108) (1400-1250 cal BC) their exact position in these periods being dependent on the form of the blade. This spear blade most closely fits his Class 6b (Davis 2012: 82) including Nos.309, 311 and 313..





This portion of the spear being missing a date of c. 1550 to 1400 cal BC is most appropriate (following Needham et al. 1997).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-11-25T00:00:00Z,2018-11-25T00:00:00Z,,,125.2,,18.9,14.9,155.8,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Sandford-on-Thames,SP5300,GPS (from the finder),51.69625418,-1.23456981,OXON-D3E2F1,,OXOND3E2F1_new.jpg,Middle Bronze Age side looped spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXOND3E2F1_new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100249.jpg
942688,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-800,-1150,"A copper alloy fragment, possibly from a Bronze Age blade such as a rapier or dirk.



The fragment is trapezoidal in plan and broken on two edges. At the wider end, the item's width is 14.4mm From this end the original surviving edges of the item subtly curve outwards before curving in again to the second broken edge of the item which is also the point of its minimum width, 9.3mm. This broken end is now slightly concave. In cross section the artefact is a pointed oval with a maximum thickness of 2.2mm and, one one face, distinct carinations between the central part, representing about a third of the width and the edges. It has no clearly defined mid-rib or edge bevels.



The object is covered in a thick dark green patina which is only slightly abraded in places.



It is, 15.7mm long, and weighs 1.71



The regular form of the fragment and its size suggest this possibly represent a fragment of a Bronze Age tool, such as a rapier or knife, an example with similar dimensions albeit far better preserved is SOM-71AABB.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-06T23:00:00Z,2019-01-07T00:00:00Z,,,1.71,,21.3,2.2,15.7,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,West Knoyle,ST8433,From finder,51.09608065,-2.22986222,SOM-D40903,,SOMD40903.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswell99/SOMD40903.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1048314.jpg
942758,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"In September 2011 a Middle Bronze Age hoard comprising of six copper-alloy objects were excavated from the fill of a ditch during archaeological excavation conducted by Archaeological Solutions Ltd at Hopton-on-Sea, Norfolk. The find comprised of: two quoit-headed pins, three spiral twisted torcs, a spiral twisted armring/bracelet and a plain penannularbracelet.



Description



1. [ENF 127270 (1167).1] Complete copper alloy quoit-headed pin. The shank is roughly circular sectioned and has a marked bend near the tip.  The shank with the lower part of the head is broken away from the rest of the head with what appears to be a recent break. The edges of the oval head are raised into slight flanges.  The surface is covered with corrosion products but is probably undecorated. 



Weight: 86g, Max length: 317mm; Max width of oval head loop: 165mm, Max width of oval head/loop: 124mm; Max width of head/loop: 6mm



2. [ENF 127270 (1167).5] Complete copper alloy quoit-headed pin. The shank is roughly circular sectioned and has a marked bend near the tip.  The break on this pin appears to be older, but is probably relatively recent. The edges of the oval head are raised into distinct flanges. The surface is covered with corrosion products but is probably undecorated.



Weight: 117g, Max length: 376mm; Max width of oval head loop: 167mm; Max height of oval head: 153mm; Max width of head/loop: 10mm



3. [ENF 127270 (1176).2] Complete copper alloy spiral twisted torc (or 'neckring') with plain hooked terminals.  The surface is covered with corrosion products so it is not clear whether the torc is bar twisted or cast.  The breaks are recent.



Weight: 91g, Max diameter: (somewhat oval) c.175mm by 160mm; Max width: 7mm



4. [ENF 127270 (1176).3] Complete copper alloy spiral twisted torc (or 'neckring') with plain hooked terminals. The surface is covered with corrosion products so it is not clear whether the torc is bar twisted or cast.  The breaks appear ancient.



Weight: 94g, Max diameter: (approximately circular), c.182mm by 186mm; Max width: 7mm



5. [ENF 127270 (1176).4] Incomplete copper alloy spiral twisted armring/bracelet. The surface is covered with corrosion products so it is not clear whether the bracelet is bar twisted or cast.  Both terminals are missing and the breaks are ancient.



Weight: 42g, Max diameter: (approximately circular but slightly misshapen) c.77mm 



6. [ENF 127270 (1167).6] Incomplete copper alloy plain penannular bracelet. The surface is relatively un-corroded.  Sub-circular in profile with slightly flattened internal face. Both terminals missing although are squared on the surviving parts.  The breaks are ancient.



Weight: 46g, Max diameter: (approximately circular) c.75mm 



Note on condition: The objects have been superficially cleaned but are in need of x-ray (which may reveal further detail) and conservation.



Discussion



The 'Hopton-on-Sea' hoard can be dated typologically to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1100 BC). Their dating can be further narrowed down to type and metalwork phase. The quoit-headed pins, twisted torcs and bracelet are characteristic of the Middle Bronze Age 'ornament horizon' which has been dated to the Taunton and Penard metalwork phases (c.1400-1150 BC) (Roberts 2007, 139-41). 





There are several close parallels for 'ornament hoards' of this phase with a mixture of torcs, quoit-headed pins and bracelets/arm rings, for example the Barton Bendish hoard, Norfolk (Hawkes 1955, GB 7:2 (1-2); Rowlands 1976, 249, no. 93); the Monkswood hoard, Somerset (Smith 1959a, GB 42:2; Rowlands 1976, 257, no. 115) and the Taunton Union Workhouse hoard, Somerset (Smith 1959a, GB 43:2; Rowlands 1976, 258-9, no. 120).



Twisted neck-rings and bracelets have mostly been found in Southern England, especially in Wessex and East Anglia (Rowlands 1976, map 22; Roberts 2007, appendix). Four bronze spiral-twisted torcs from three sites are known from Norfolk (Ibid.), while only three spiral-twisted bracelet/armrings are known (Ibid.), all from the Barton Bendish hoard (Hawkes 1955, GB 7:2 (2)). Plain penannular bracelets are a relatively common feature of Middle Bronze Age hoards in Southern England and their Continental European parallels have been discussed by O'Connor (1980, 86-7, 467-8).



Quoit-headed pins are relatively rare: less than 60 are known (Pendleton, personal dataset; cf. Rowlands 1976, 86-7, map 21). Prior to the Hopton-on-Sea find, only nine quoit-headed pins were known from eight sites in Norfolk (Roberts 2007, Appendix; Robbins 2008; Crawford 2009). The Hopton-on-Sea examples are some of the largest, being the 5th and 7th longest recorded (C. Pendleton, personal dataset; cf. Rowlands 1976, 86). The largest are those from the Boughton Fen hoard, Norfolk at 435 mm; from the Pentney Hoard, Norfolk at 400mm; one of the Taunton Union Workhouse pins is c.400mm; the Newhaven area hoard, Sussex example is c.555mm and an unprovenanced pin in the British Museum is c.348mm long.  The recently excavated fragment from Lambourne, West Berkshire may also approach this size.  The Hopton pins also have the 3rd and 4th largest heads, only the Boughton Fen and Newhaven area pin heads are larger (C. Pendleton, personal dataset).



The two Hopton-on-Sea pins both have their tips bent.  This is a common feature on the larger pins suggesting it was deliberate and probably functional.  The flat section heads with flanges are also commonly found on both larger and smaller pins.  There are a range of other significant traits on quoit-headed pins.  Their form and size varies considerably yet there does not appear to be any identifiable regional traits, with examples of all types being found in the different regions of southern England (they occur mainly in East Anglia, the south coast and south-west).





It is notable that some of the objects in the hoard display ancient breaks, others are utilised or incomplete (though still usable) indicating this group is likely to be of a functional and personal nature, a common feature on most Middle Bronze Age hoards in the region. The torcs and quoit-headed pins appeared to have been deposited in the ditch fill as pairs of objects and there may therefore be some intentional grouping in the way the hoard was deposited.



Ornament hoards are a feature of the period in Continental Europe, particularly in NW France. Indeed, twisted torcs have close parallels in Continental Europe, especially the Nordic area (Smith 1959b, 149; O'Connor 1980, 79-80). However, quoit-headed pins are unique to southern England, the most northerly known so far coming from Ranby, Lincolnshire (Rowlands 1976, 86, map 21; cf. Roberts 2007, 143, fig. 4). The find therefore represents a collection of ornaments with both local (Southern English) and European parallels.



References 



Crawford, B. 2009. NMS-DD75D4 A BRONZE AGE PIN Webpage available at: http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/261892 [Accessed: 14 Jan 2013 12:22:01]



Hawkes, C.F. 1955. Grave-groups and Hoards of the British Bronze Age, Inventaria Archaeologica. 7, 1-8



O'Connor, B. 1980. Cross-Channel Relations in the Later Bronze Age. Relations between Britain, North-Eastern France and the Low Countries during the Later Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, with particular reference to the metalwork, British Archaeological Reports 91 (2 vols)



Robbins, K. 2008. NMS-A369A6 A BRONZE AGE PIN Webpage available at: http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/241652 [Accessed: 14 Jan 2013 12:22:43]



Roberts, B. 2007. Adorning the Living but Not the Dead: Understanding Ornaments in Britain c. 1400-1100 cal BC, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 73 (2007), 135-67



Rowlands, M. J 1976. The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain. British Archaeological Reports 31 (2 vols)



Smith, M.A. (ed.) 1959a. Middle Bronze Age hoards from Southern England. Inventaria Archaeologica. 7, 42-47



Smith, M.A. 1959b. Some Somerset hoards and their place in the Bronze Age of Southern Britain, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 25 (1959), 144-87



Author: Dr Colin Pendleton, 14/10/11



Amended: Neil Wilkin, British Museum, 11/1/13","In terms of their age and the grouping of at least two prehistoric base-metal finds, this find qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).",3,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum after being disclaimed as Treasure,Controlled archaeological investigation,2011-08-31T23:00:00Z,,2012T73,,,,,,,6,Neil Wilkin,Ian Richardson,Eastern,Norfolk,Great Yarmouth,Hopton-on-Sea,TG5101,From finder,52.54892664,1.70077388,PAS-E40226,,2012T73_SF1.jpg,Copper-alloy quoit-headed pin,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2012T73_SF1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1048093.jpg
942948,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy ribbed socketed axe head dating to the later Bronze Age (c. 950-750 BC). The surviving axe consists of part of the broken body and blade, with missing loop and collar. The body of the axe is sub-rectangular in plan with a flared convex cutting edge. The cast longitudinal moulding consisting of four parallel ribs extends partially along both the front and rear faces, terminating at what would approximately have been the mid-point of each face. The moulding is incomplete where the axe is broken, and very worn on one side. The sides of the axe are lentoidal in plan and the trimmed central longitudinal casting seams are clearly visible. The body of the axe narrows towards the expanded blade. The blade edge is rounded and damaged in several areas through abrasion and corrosion and is missing one tip. The inside of the axe is hollow and sub-rectangular in cross-section and contains small traces of depositional residual on the interior surfaces. As well as being unevenly broken at one end, the axe also has several areas of lamination and scratches on its outside surfaces, all of which are patinated, like all of the exterior surfaces, in a mid-green colour. The interior surfaces of the axe have a similar coloured patina with additional patches of brown.



The axe measures 73.5mm in length, 39.6mm in width and 3.8mm thick at the blade, 29.2mm in width and 28.8mm thick at the broken socketed end, 3.9mm in maximum wall thickness, and weighs 147.30 grams.



The axehead is comparable to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, c.950-750 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-30T23:00:00Z,2018-11-05T00:00:00Z,,,147.3,29.9,,3.9,73.5,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Nuthampstead,TL4034,GPS (from the finder),51.98681931,0.03734835,BH-F9B6DB,,BHF9B6DBa.jpg,Late Bronze Age ribbed socketed axe head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BHF9B6DBa.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1049736.jpg
943257,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1400,"A copper alloy incomplete rapier or dirk of Middle Bronze Age date, from the Arreton or Acton Park I phases, about 1500 -1400 BC. It is probably a Group II blade of Taplow Type.



The blade has a trapezoidal hilt with the surviving shoulder rounded and containing a single rivet hole. The other shoulder is missing, with an old patinated break across its rivet hole. The top edge is slightly concave between the shoulders, but this is probably owing to damage. The blade narrows from the shoulders to the break, the edges being slightly concave. The blade is elliptical in cross-section, with a slightly thicker centre, but no central rib or any decoration on the blade. The tip of the blade is missing, with an old break running across it at a slight diagonal. It is not possible to estimate the original length of the rapier or dirk. The blade has a mottled green and brown patina on both sides. It is 93.2mm long, 41.4mm wide and 2.4mm thick. It weighs 35.68g.



Taplow Type dirks (less than 30cm long) and rapiers often have four rivet holes (unlike this example), and rounded shoulders as this one does. Some have very flat blades, like this one, and many of the blades are plain (Burgess and Gerloff, Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain cited by Dr Dot Boughton, pers comm 28th March 2019). Though there is a concentration of Taplow type rapiers and dirks in the Thames area and in Cambridgeshire, they are known from across England.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-07T23:00:00Z,2019-01-08T00:00:00Z,,,35.68,,,2.4,93.2,1,Chris Scriven,Julie Scriven,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Coniston Cold,SD8955,GPS (from the finder),53.99092424,-2.16925987,SWYOR-107F44,,SWYOR107F44Rapier.jpg,Middle Bronze Age rapier or dirk,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/SWYOR107F44Rapier.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1051631.jpg
943259,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A (probably later) Bronze Age (c.1150-800 BC) copper alloy probable awl, with a flattish cross-section along its entire length. It is slightly bent or kinked at the centre, where it measures 5.5x3.3mm and is an elongated oval in cross-section. It narrows and thins to the tanged end, where it measures 4.7x1.9mm and has a rectangular cross-section.It narrows to a worn flattish point at the other end, 1.9x1.5mm and oval in cross-section.

The patina is a dark green in colour with some light pitting and some areas of larger surface loss. The awl measures 68.9mm in length, 5.5mm in max.width, 3.3mm in max.thickness and weighs 5.34g.","
The form of the awl does not change much through time and similar objects are also noted in the Roman period and possibly later.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-18T00:00:00Z,2019-01-18T00:00:00Z,,,5.34,,,3.3,68.9,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Harting,SU7616,From finder,50.93844567,-0.91973099,HAMP-10928A,,HAMP10928A.jpg,Bronze Age awl (possibly),Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP10928A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1048675.jpg
943587,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A Bronze Age copper alloy gouge dating to 1500-800 BC, Middle to Late Bronze Age. The chisel is sub rectangular in plan, tapering slightly into the cutting edge and is circular in cross section, becoming crescentic towards the cutting edge. The opposite end is socketed with a circular mouth and an expanded collar on the outside. A prominent longitudinal casting seam is extant on either lateral edge. The chisel has signs of pitting damage in places.



Length: 70.0mm; length of blade: 31.30mm; width: 16.0mm; internal aperture of socketed end: 14.0mm; thickness: 2.90mm; weight: 44.70g.



Similar examples of socketed chisels are illustrated in the Archaeological Journal Vol VI (1849), page 382, found at Westow, Yorkshire, and in the Archaeological Journal IX (1852), pages 302-3, found at Romford, Essex. Evans (1881) also describes other socketed chisels found at Heathery Burn Cave, Durham; Roseberry Topping, Yorkshire; Meldreth, Cambridgeshire, as well as examples from France, Switzerland and Italy. Similar examples on the PAS database include: GLO-3435C7; WMID-E1B777; WMID-E1B777;",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,44.7,,,2.9,70,1,Sophie Hawke,Sophie Hawke,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Hilmarton,SU0174,From finder,51.46497033,-1.98699567,WILT-282B3B,,WILT282B3B.JPG,Bronze Age copper alloy chisel,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT282B3B.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1059977.jpg
943824,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,-2350,2000,"A fragment of copper alloy casting waste of unknown date, from Bronze Age to modern period. The fragment is sub triangular in shape, and rectangular in cross section. The fragment consists of layers of copper alloy that have been fused together, and there are air bubbles and circular indentatons throughout from manufacture. It has a dark green patina with patches of light green. It measures 127.16mm in length, 65.16mm in width, 29.2mm in thickness and weighs 844g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-19T00:00:00Z,,,,844,,,29.2,127.2,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Wendover,SP8509,GPS (from the finder),51.77322849,-0.76947665,BUC-662BE2,,BUC662BE2.jpg,Casting waste,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC662BE2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1048937.jpg
943924,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy socketed spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500 to 1150 BC). The spearhead has a leaf shaped, lozenge-sectioned blade with a raised rounded mid-rib ridge extending to the tip that has areas of worn damage either side. The tip of the blade is broken and the edges are worn. The socket is also broken, the surviving hollow part being circular in section. The entire object has a dark green patina. The spearhead measures 64.2mm in length, a maximum of 25mm in width and a maximum of 11.6mm diameter at the socketed end. The blade is 2mm thick. The spearhead weighs 32.41 grams.



The spearhead appears to be part of the Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking tradition, phases that correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500-1150 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-30T23:00:00Z,2018-11-09T00:00:00Z,,,32.41,,11.6,2,64.2,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,St. Albans,Redbourn,TL1011,Centred on field,51.7868546,-0.40664642,BH-78A7FC,,BH78A7FC.jpg,Middle Bronze Age socketed spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH78A7FC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1050673.jpg
943946,Harness Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An artefact often grouped under the term of harness fittings of Late Bronze Age date, and probably of Ewart Park (c. 950 - 750 BC) or Llyn Fawr (c. 750 - 500BC) metalworking tradition.



In plan the artefact is slightly oval measuring 23.0mm by 20.3mm in diameter. Placed at the centre of the object on each side mirroring each other are two circular concave depressions measuring 8.2mm in diameter that are each approximately 1.5mm deep. However, the object is 4.8mm thick such that these depressions do not pierce through from one side to the other.



The artefact has a terminal knop projecting 6.2mm from the wider side of this item. This knop is pierced by a hole c.4mm in diameter. In cross section the knop is rectangular, however, the majority of the object, barring the concave depressions, is a pointed oval in cross section.



The object appears to be solid and has a light green patina and shows a little abrasion.



From the knop to its far end the artefact measure 26.8mm long, it is 4.8mm thick and it weighs10.28g.



If the concave depressions were pierced through the the object would be very similar in form to items found from a hoard at Parc-Y-Meirch, known as the Dinorben hoard (Savory 1980, 187). These are seen as the inner pieces of composite strap fittings. The Dinorben hoard is dated to c.9th century BC (ibid, 59) a time within the Late Bronze Age (c. 1150 - 800 cal BC). Similar items on the database such as LIN-34D2A3, NMGW-A0EC15 have also been dated to this period although there are now suggestions that these should be placed in the Iron Age (see CAM-6A8D1B, WAW-03C3E2)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-01T23:00:00Z,2019-01-02T00:00:00Z,,,10.28,,8.2,4.8,,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0744,From finder,51.19517776,-1.90120483,SOM-797D49,,SOM797D49.jpg,Bronze Age harness fitting,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswell99/SOM797D49.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1049110.jpg
944031,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1125,"An near complete cast copper-alloy basal-looped spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1400 to 1125 BC). The spearhead has a leaf shaped, lozenge-sectioned blade with a raised rounded mid-rib ridge extending to the tip of the blade. There are two sub-circular/rectangular loops incorporated into the base of the blade, one either side of the central rib. The mid-rib extends and expands to form the hollow circular-sectioned socket. Both edges of the blade are abraded. The base of the socket is compressed and damaged, and there is deposition residue inside the hollow cavity. The spearhead measures 153.2mm in length, 31mm in maximum width and a maximum of 20mm diameter at the socketed end. The blade is 2mm thick. The spearhead weighs 104.69 grams.



This is an example of a Group 8 Middle Bronze Age spearhead as defined by Davis (2017), with characteristic incorporated basal loops, and are associated with the Taunton and Penard phases (1400-1125 BC).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,104.69,,20,2,153.2,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Brickendon Liberty,TL3309,Centred on field,51.7638934,-0.07414839,BH-7C283C,,BH7C283C.jpg,Late Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH7C283C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1051415.jpg
944120,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A complete copper alloy socketed axehead dating to the Middle Bronze Age and the Taunton/Penard phase (c.1400-1150 BC).



The socket end is square in shape, measuring 30.4mm by 30.5mm. All four internal surfaces are intact and in good condition. On the upper and lower surface there is a raised casting flash, following a seam along the length of the object. On all four sides a raised pattern of three lines wraps around the object, taking up the space between the end and the small, shallow handle. The internal space is a condensed circle measuring 7.1mm in diameter, while the handle surface itself is tapered, from a narrow triangle at the proximal end to a wide flare at the distal end. The object itself narrows from 30.5mm to 21.8mm in width, before flaring sharply to a small, neat blade that measures 27.8mm across and is 3.1mm thick at the cutting edge. The blade is a convex curve.



The surface is covered with a mid-green patina with large areas of a darker corrosion. There is one patch where this darker corrosion has caused deeper damage to the metal, approximately 3/4 of the way down the shaft, where there is also a sharper linear nick in the surface.



Similar examples include SOM-AE4024, the record for which records that Taunton-Hademarschen axes were previously thought to date to the Ewart Park phase (1000-800BC) but the finding of an example on the Isle of Wight in a hoard of Taunton phase palstaves (Treasure Annual Reoprt 2003, p. 197), confirming the Middle Bronze Age date and distribution suggesting a date of 1400 to 1150 BC. These characteristically long thin axes are relatively rare but other examples are known from Somerset including from Norton Fitzwarren (see Needham et al, Archaeological Journal 154, 1997, 87, fig 18,5 and the corroded example from Norton Fitzwarren Needham, Somerset Archaeology & Natural History 133, 1989, 37-8, fig 17,11). There are also examples from Wiltshire recorded on the database (WILT-C4C954).","A number of examples of this type of axehead have been found associated with watery contexts suggesting structured deposition, however this example notably comes from a coastal area within 500m of a cliff edge.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-10T23:00:00Z,,,,185.78,,,30.5,121.55,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,South West,Devon,East Devon,Otterton,SY0884,From finder,50.64839446,-3.30264451,DEV-8D4931,,DEV8D4931.jpg,Middle Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV8D4931.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1049279.jpg
944552,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"TREASURE CASE : 2019 T274.



Description: 



A decorated sheet of gold of probable Bronze Age date, c.1000 - 800 BC.



The object is formed of a thin sub-rectangular sheet of gold, folded over at one end. It is not possible to determine if the object is complete or cut down though the latter is likely. The front surface of the sheet is decorated by a series of sub-parallel indented grooves running along its length.



Dimensions:



Length: 10.4mm; Width: 9.6mm; Thickness: 0.3mm; Weight: 0.4g.



Discussion:



Similar objects have been recorded as 2019 T316 (LEIC-47D0C2), 2018 T650 (HAMP-F792A5), 2010 T664 (LVPL-83FE92) and 2013 T471 (WMID-3CBCF0). The latter record states that similar multi-grooved strips of Bronze Age date are known from throughout Britain including in the British Museum collection from Flixton, Yorkshire (2004,0904.1a-b, Treasure Annual Report 2003, 16. no. 2) and Ravencliff Cave, Derbyshire (British Museum 1906,1224.1-2) as well as recent finds such as Ansley, Warwickshire and West Acre Norfolk (Treasure Annual Report 2007, 47-48).



2017 T882 (SOM-62CE08) states that several similar pieces have also been found bent into cylindrical beads and it is unclear if this was their original purpose or if this was a common reuse for parts of larger ribbon ornaments.



Conclusion: 



In terms of age and as the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",,4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2019T274,,0.4,,,0.3,10.4,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Brayton,SE5930,GPS (from the finder),53.76302021,-1.10648841,YORYM-AC3574,,2019T274.jpg,Bronze Age : Bead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/2019T274.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054213.jpg
944832,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,1150,410,"An unfinished cast copper alloy miniature socketed axehead, dating to c.1150 BC-410 AD. The axe has the remains of the irregular globule of casting sprue at the cutting edge. Broadly sub-triangular with tapering parallel sides. The socket opening is oval. One face of the axe demonstrates a casting flaw which slightly distorts the profile of the object, though there are no casting seams visible anywhere on the object. A prominent sub-circular groove is visible on one edge of the axe, this is probably a failed attempt at creating a loop which may have served to suspend the piece, this is probably the reason why the object was not completed.

Reference: similar examples of completed miniature axe heads can be seen on the PAS database: PUBLIC-83FCAD, WMID-6F570A, PUBLIC-83C3D1

Date: Late Bronze Age to Roman

Dimensions: 31.57 mm x 11.55 mm x 7.92 mm

Weight: 9.12 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-11-28T00:00:00Z,,,,9.12,,,7.92,31.57,1,Lucy Bevan,Lucy Bevan,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,East Knoyle,ST8732,From finder,51.08716507,-2.18698531,DOR-F74A8E,,DORF74A8Ea.jpg,Late Bronze Age to Roman miniature socketed axehead.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DORF74A8Ea.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1051017.jpg
945340,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged or palstave axehead, comprising a 26.1mm long section of the butt end. The fragment is flat in profile, with the tapering ends of parallel ridges along each side. The butt end tapers and the end is heavily worn. The break is patinated and looks ancient.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-02-04T00:00:00Z,,,,19.13,,,8.3,26.1,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Dummer,SU5745,From finder,51.20137869,-1.18554504,SUR-2463D9,,SUR246D9.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR246D9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1050434.jpg
945773,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment from the tip of a Middle to Late Bronze Age spearhead c.1500-800 BC. The fragment comprises the extreme tip and is relatively well preserved. The piece is sub-triangular in plan with a distinctive bi-convex profile. The break is old and patinated but the artefact is relatively unabraded. The cutting edges are slightly rolled and the central rib extends to the tip making a strong puncturing point. The surface patina is a brown colour with a well formed surface longitudinal patinated scratches are present on either edge suggesting that the spear had been used and sharpened. A direct parallel or narrower date cannot be suggested due to the fragmentary nature of the artefact.



The spear tip measures 41.2mm length, is 12.8mm wide at the break and 6.2mm tick. It weighs 5.85 grams",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.85,,,6.2,41.2,1,Peter Reavill,Peter Reavill,South West,Gloucestershire,Cheltenham,Charlton Kings,,,,,HESH-4CB175,,HESH4CB175.jpg,Bronze Age: Spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/yviea/HESH4CB175.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1055036.jpg
946113,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy  spearhead, of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1200-800 BC).



The blade is narrow and triangular with a pronounced mid rib on both sides extending to the tip of the spear which tapers in to a point. In cross section the object is lozenge. The edges narrow and flare out from the mid-rib. There are multiple abrasions and missing portions of the edges. The fragment terminated in an old abraded transverse break. The socketed lower portion of the object is missing and the retained portions has a shallow concave aspect expose by the break.



The metal is a mid-green in colour with a pitted and corroded patina.



As this represents only a small fragment of the spear it is not possibly to classify the form of the complete object. It is probably of a later Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age (c. 1200-c. 800 cal BC).



Similar objects can be found on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: NLM-99D791, IOW-F3883D, SUR-BB2595



Length: 46.67mm, Width: 13.02mm, Thickness: 12.44mm, Thickness (tip): 7.54mm, Weight: 9.6g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.6,,,12.44,46.67,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Biggleswade,TL1946,From finder,52.09954861,-0.26412757,NARC-8E2968,,NARC8E2968.jpg,NARC-8E2968 : Spear : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC8E2968.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1051119.jpg
946409,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of copper alloy blade, probably from a rapier or dirk. The tip only of the blade remains. The blade is double-edged and thin with a low mid-rib creating a narrow lentiod cross section at the break. The blade tapers from the horizontal break to the rounded end where it is damaged.

Date: Bronze Age -

Dimensions: 34.94 mm x 12.94 mm x 1.83 mm

Weight: 3.08 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.08,,,1.83,34.94,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Charlton Marshall,ST8903,Centred on field,50.8264315,-2.15754463,DOR-A4BDE2,,DORA4BDE2.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age  blade, from a rapier or dirk fragment (probably)",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DORA4BDE2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1051625.jpg
946529,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A cast copper alloy unlooped palstave axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (circa 1500 to circa 1300 BC). The axehead is broken at the butt end with a ragged, but ancient, break. It has two longitudinal flanges which extend from the butt end beyond the curving stop ridge. Viewed from the side, these ridges are lozenge shaped. The attributes on the palstave are very worn. It is likely that there was a shield-shaped moulding below the stop ridge and a rib down the centre of the blade on both faces. The blade is narrow and without the usual prominent splayed tips of other early palstaves. The axehead is heavily worn and corroded, with a pitted grey-green patina. There are areas of a glossy olive green patina on either side of the stop ridge, on both faces of the axe. This palstave axehead belongs to the Taunton Phase of Bronze Age metalwork, dating circa 1400-1250 BC. It is similar to no. 809 in Schmidt and Burgess 1981, described as a low flanged palstave Type Wantage Variant Blackrock.



The object measures 119.2mm in length and is 38.3mm at the widest point of the blade. It is 21.1mm wide at the butt end. It is 18.7mm thick across the stop ridge and only 5.7mm thick at the thinnest part of the blade.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-20T00:00:00Z,2019-03-20T00:00:00Z,,,,,,18.7,119.2,1,Natasha Harlow,Natasha Harlow,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Tanworth-in-Arden,SP1073,Generated from computer mapping software,52.35497432,-1.85459865,DENO-B68BB2,,DENOB68BB2.jpg,Bronze Age palstave axe,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awillis/DENOB68BB2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1056716.jpg
947201,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1000,"Description: Rectangular piece of gold sheet with repoussé and punched decoration, of early to middle Bronze Age date. The decoration consists of three longitudinal panels, each one made from a pair of relief lines or creases with  corresponding grooves on the reverse, so either pushed out from the reverse (the repoussé technique) or hammered over a  shaped former or patrix.  Each of the panels is filled with two longitudinal rows of punched dots, some set in pairs and others offset to give a zig-zag effect. The punch used was circular and round-ended.



Each short edge is broken, but each straight long edge has about 2mm in width neatly folded over to the reverse; the fold runs along the outermost of the relief lines. The entire object is now crumpled.



Dimensions: Maximum surviving length 40mm. The width varies due to the crumpled condition, from a minimum of 13mm in the centre to a maximum of 17mm at one end. The sheet is perhaps 0.25mm thick and the folded areas are a maximum of 1.5mm thick. It weighs 3.0g.



Discussion and Date: Rectangular gold strips with dot or pointillé decoration have been recorded on the PAS database at BUC-4313C7, PAS-35C8A8 and WAW-FF1E9A, and longitudinal creases have been recorded at WILT-34D958. This example has relatively complex decoration, but otherwise fits well into a group of ribbon or strip ornaments of early to middle Bronze Age date, c. 2350 to 1000 BC.","As the object is made of more than 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old, it constitutes potential Treasure under the Treasure Act 1996.



ENF145877



Drawing by Jason Gibbons",3,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-03-02T00:00:00Z,2019-03-02T00:00:00Z,2019T383,,3,,,1.5,40,1,Helen Geake,Adrian Marsden,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Salle,TG1124,GPS (from the finder),52.77234469,1.12653068,NMS-342C53,,PFd_29231_342C53_AMD042019_BA_Diadem.jpg,Bronze Age diadem,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/PFd_29231_342C53_AMD042019_BA_Diadem.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1110144.jpg
947285,Adze,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A copper alloy palstave adze that is rectangular in form and cross-section with a narrow curved blade. The rear half has flanged sides on both the top and bottom faces that project vertically creating a U-shaped channel that terminate at the stop ridge that is position in the middle of the item. A small triangular indentation sits in front to the stop ridge.  



The sides on the front half have a shallow concave arc that expands out to either tip of the blade. The forward edge of the blade has a short bevel (2mm long) on both sides, although one side is steeper than the other and maybe an indication that this item was sharpened in antiquity. 





This item is in excellent condition with much of the original patina remaining in the form of a smooth brown layer, this has been chipped of in places leaving a dark green surface behind.





Middle Bronze Age 1500 BC - 1150",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-05-31T23:00:00Z,2018-09-21T23:00:00Z,,,186,,,17,142,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,,,,,,,,,GLO-36A377,,GLO36A377.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO36A377.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1052350.jpg
947323,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"A complete although broken Late Bronze Age copper alloy sword of the Ewart Park Metalworking Industry (c. 950 - 750 BC). The hilt of the sword is formed from a straight bar (45mm long), the forward side of which tapers into the narrow grip. The grip is 75mm long and has slightly convex sides, bring at the thickest two thirds along its length. There is a line of three rivet holes in the centre of the grip. The grip leads onto the hilt of the sword that expands outwards with straight angled edges and two rivet holes on each side. Form the hilt the sides curve down to the leaf shaped blade which is 29mm wide near its base and gently expands to 39mm wide at the final quarter before rapidly narrowing to the pointed tip. In cross-section the blade has a low oval shape with pointed tips that have bevelled edges.





This item has been broken into seven separate parts, at each of the breaks the sword has been bent by between 30-40 degrees in order to achieve the break. This is not post-depositional damage but a premeditated act prior to loss/burial. Similar post-depositional ritualistic acts can also be seen on Bronze Age items LVPL-55FB97, HAMP-24C69E and GLO-7EFE1A.",,4,Copper alloy,,Informed finder that the object should be submitted as Treasure,Metal detector,2018-01-17T00:00:00Z,,,,572,,,6,587,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Madley,SO4039,From finder,52.04613044,-2.87628591,GLO-37B31F,,GLO37B31F.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO37B31F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1058922.jpg
947446,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,-2350,1900,"A fragment of copper alloy casting waste of unknown date, from Bronze Age to modern period. The fragment is sub triangular in shape, and oval in cross section. The fragment consists of layers of copper alloy that have been fused together, and there are air bubbles and circular indentatons and projections throughout from manufacture. It has a light green patina with patches of light brown. It measures 27.7mm in length, 25.2mm in width, 15.9mm in thickness and weighs 18.07g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-21T00:00:00Z,,,,18.07,,,15.9,27.7,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,,Milton Keynes,Milton Keynes,Clifton Reynes,SP9150,GPS (from the finder),52.14080935,-0.67169559,BUC-4957C3,,BUC4957C3.jpg,Casting waste,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC4957C3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1052251.jpg
947589,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-100,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy rounded moustache-shaped object of late Bronze Age or Iron Age date.



Description: The object has been cast in one and survives as half of its original crescentric shape. The remaining half tapers to a damaged point from a bulbous body down to a point with cast alternating ridges and grooves running up to the point. The alternating pattern is not present on the inside edge of the object and consists of 22 lines in total. The object appears to have snapped just pst the grooved body as seen on KENT-77A0BF. The point has also been blunted and splayed. The breaks seems to be heavily worn 



Measurements: 41.7mm wide, 35.27mm high. 14.56mm thick. 20.36g



Discussion: A good number of these so called 'moustache' shaped objects of have now been recovered and several are recorded on the PAS database. Examples with a shape very similar to this example include PAS reference numbers KENT-77A0BF, NARC-925E14,  HAMP-6F4C45 and BERK-719DA8. One example was found in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117).



They are thought to date from the middle Bronze Age to the late Iron Age. Their function is uncertain, although the lozenge shaped recess at the bottom of this example (and in many of the others known) suggests that they were mounted on or below something. This was possibly something such as a dagger handle, although the absence of evidence makes this conjectural. Another suggestion has been a Scabbard Chape, in which case the object would be the other way up. Dr JD Hill at the British Museum suggests that they are Iron Age rather than Bronze Age, but this is yet to be confirmed by excavation of a stratified example.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.36,35.27,,14.56,41.7,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Lenham,TQ9051,Centred on field,51.22656114,0.7197557,KENT-4C615E,,KENT4C615E.jpg,fragment of Moustache shaped object,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT4C615E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1052257.jpg
947694,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A cast copper-alloy tanged chisel dating to the middle to late Bronze Age (c. 1150-800 BC). The object is broadly flat, triangular in shape and rectangular in cross section. The 'tang' is narrow and gradually widens before flaring outward to form a slightly convexly rounded flat blade. One surface of the tang is corroded and has a white residue while the edge of the blade is uneven and damaged slightly but worn. The entire object has a patchy light and mid-green patina. The chisel measures 39mm in length. The pointed terminal of the tang is a maximum width of 1.5mm in width and thickness. The blade is 16.8mm at its widest and 1.2mm thick. It weighs 7.53 grams.



A number of similar objects are recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database, all dating from the middle to late Bronze age (e.g. IOW-C695CB SUR-6751DB, SOM-589161, NMS-5EB338 and LEIC-90F47D).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-10T23:00:00Z,2018-10-10T23:00:00Z,,,7.53,,,1.2,39,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Upton Grey,SU6948,GPS (from the finder),51.22702945,-1.01323871,BH-5D8656,,BH5D8656.jpg,Bronze Age tanged chisel,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH5D8656.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054311.jpg
947726,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy axehead fragment, probably a ribbed socketed type, dating to the later Bronze Age (c. 950-750 BC). The surviving axe consists of the blade and part of the broken hollow body. The body of the axe is sub-trapezoidal in plan and rectangular in cross-section. A short section of the offset longitudinal casting seam is visible on each side. The body extends while gradually thinning to a flared convex cutting edge with broken and worn corners that expand slightly wider than the body. The blade edge is worn and damaged, while the breaks on the body are also old and worn. The exterior surfaces of the axehead have a mid-green patina with patches of brown deposition residue. There are several areas of lamination on the surfaces of the body and blade that have a light-green patina as well, as do the breaks on the body and the interior surfaces of the hollow.



The axe head measures a maximum of 29.9mm in length, 43.4mm in maximum width, 13.3mm in body thickness at the break and 4.2mm thick at the blade edge. The entire object weighs 49.18 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-20T23:00:00Z,2018-10-20T23:00:00Z,,,49.18,,,13.3,29.9,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,Welwyn Hatfield,Ayot St. Lawrence,TL2017,GPS (from the finder),51.8387224,-0.25966163,BH-5E1600,,BH5E1600.jpg,Late Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH5E1600.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1055410.jpg
947739,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy blade dated to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1000-800 BC). The fragment is sub-oval in section and rectangular in plan. The fragment appears to represent the mid-section of a small rapier or dagger. The remains of the section appear to be slightly wider at one end than the opposite, thus representing a section further up towards the hilt. The cutting edges are chipped and worn. There is a central mid-rib apparent on both faces of the blade. The object has a brownish-green patina and shows signs of corrosion.



The overall dimensions are as follows: 65.11mm in length, 22.12mm in width, 4.97mm in thickness and 21.65g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-28T23:00:00Z,,,,21.65,,,4.97,65.11,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wyre Forest,Offmore and Comberton,SO8576,GPS (from the finder),52.38182525,-2.2217963,WMID-5E615B,,bronzeagedagger.jpg,A Bronze Age Blade Fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/bronzeagedagger.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1052622.jpg
947833,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,900,600,Fragment of a Middle - Late Bronze Age copper alloy axehead dating to the period c. 900 - 600 BC. Corner fragment with old breaks on all edges. Casting seam visible on the outer face. Mottled dark green patina with slight greyish sheen.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-01T00:00:00Z,2019-01-15T00:00:00Z,,,,,,3.2,26.3,1,Julie Shoemark,Julie Shoemark,Eastern,Suffolk,Forest Heath,Exning,TL6167,From finder,52.27757201,0.35851052,NMS-60D75C,,,,,,,
947894,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-500,43,"An incomplete copper alloy Awl of Bronze Age to Roman date (AD 500 BC - AD 410). The main shaft of the object is a tapering sub0rectacular in section. The lower end tapers in towards a curved point, the upper end tapers in maintaining the same section and terminates in an old abraded break. 



The metal is a dark green in colour with a predominantly smooth patina.



Length: 66.06mm, Width: 6.97mm, Thickness: 4.90mm, Weight: 8.5g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.5,,,4.9,66.06,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,South West,Swindon,Swindon,Liddington,SU1981,From finder,51.5275955,-1.72751046,NARC-628EA9,,NARC628EA9.jpg,NARC-628EA9 : Awl : Bronze Age to Roman,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC628EA9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1052478.jpg
948127,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age, c. 1,500-1,150 BC, side looped spearhead, the weapon has suffered some damage, its loops are broken but it appears that its tiny head is substantially intact. It consisted of a central, ogival section flanked by two flukes. With the spearhead are fragments of wood which probably represent part of its shaft preserved by contact with copper. The small head seen on this weapon can be compared to an example from Lakenheath, Suffolk (Evans,1881, 322-323, fig. 395). Evans refers to an example from Cumberland with a still smaller blade but, at 124mm, it was still larger than this find. It is, however, of comparable proportions to the spearhead from Tidmarsh, Berkshire, BERK-9C5258. Length 91.4mm, Width (blade) 12.2mm, (socket) 16.7mm, Mass 28.91g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-02-18T00:00:00Z,,,,28.91,,16.7,,91.4,1,Kevin Leahy,Kevin Leahy,West Midlands,Telford and Wrekin,Telford and Wrekin,Chetwynd,SJ7121,GPS (from the finder),52.78578954,-2.43142766,FAKL-A1D1F3,,Birm735.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kleahy/Birm735.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1052749.jpg
948167,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC) gold-plated copper alloy penannular ring, D-shaped in cross-section and missing an area of gold-plating revealing the (corroding) copper alloy interior. Both 'faces' of the object are slightly flattened, as is the interior edge; the outside edge is convex. The terminals are cut in parallel alignment with each other and measure 4.1x5.0mm and 4.3x5.0mm. The object is slightly thicker at the edge opposite the terminals, where it measure 5.1mm in max.thickness. It measures 15.3mm between this edge and the terminals, and 15.7mm perpendicular to this. The internal area is oval in shape and measures 6.8x7.1mm. The object weighs 4.68g.","'The penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange' (Mark Lodwick and Mary Davis in record NMGW-04216C; references therein).",3,Copper alloy,Gold,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-03-31T00:00:00Z,2019-03-31T00:00:00Z,2019T348,,4.68,,,5.1,15.7,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Stoughton,SU7412,From finder,50.90274203,-0.94900041,HAMP-B1B263,,HAMPB1B263.jpg,Bronze Age penannular ring,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMPB1B263.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1057297.jpg
948587,Torc,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1100,"A fragment of Middle Bronze Age (probably Penard phase, c. 1300 - 1100 BC) flange- or bar-twisted gold torc bent almost in half on itself longitudinally, with breaks at either end. The torc has a cruciform (x-shaped) cross-section with four flanges, although they twist in such a way as to give a circular cross-section around the flanges. The breaks are quite sharp, suggesting they could be quite recent. The bend is not quite at the centre of the object.

The ends, both slightly squashed, measure 8.2x6.2mm and 8.4x7.3mm. At these breaks the flanges are c.0.6-0.8mm thick, with a thickened rim (slightly flattened to the outside surface) 0.9-1.0mm thick. At the deepest, the depth between the flanges is c.2.5mm deep. The width/ diameter of the object is relatively parallel and c.9mm.

The fragment measures 41.6mm in bent length (unbent it would be c.75mm), 26.8mm in max width and 8.9mm in max.thickness. It weighs 18.24g.","Its cross-section is very similar to another (terminal) fragment, 2015 T983, found in a neighbouring parish.",3,Gold,,Declared Treasure but returned to Finder as Museum unable to acquire,Metal detector,2019-04-06T23:00:00Z,2019-04-06T23:00:00Z,2019T356,,18.24,,8.9,8.9,41.6,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Swanmore,SU5817,GPS (from the finder),50.94952508,-1.17571747,HAMP-DBAD3A,,HAMPDBAD3A.jpg,Bronze Age armlet,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMPDBAD3A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054620.jpg
948753,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1200,"Copper-alloy flanged axehead dating to the middle Bronze Age (c. 1300 - 1200 BC). The axehead is a Later Short Flanged axehead of Type Lissett. The axehead has a narrow rectangular-sectioned body that widens and flattens at one end into a curved cutting edge. The other end flattens into a blunt edge. A pair of lozenge-shaped flanges are present on either side of the butt end. The object is light brown in colour with a patchy green patina. It is 156.0mm in length, 66.5mm in width and 36.5mm in thickness. It weighs 474g.



This type of axehead is common in East Yorkshire but have been found in the Fylde, so the findspot is in keeping with the general distribution. This is quite a large, common group and part of the Taunton Metalwork Assemblage, dating from c. 1300 - 1200 BC.



Schmidt, P.K. and Burgess, C. 1981, nos. 605-666, especially nos. 616-620.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,474,,,36.5,156,1,Dot Boughton,Miss. Lydia Prosser,North West,Lancashire,Wyre,Forton,SD4751,GPS (from the finder),53.95236679,-2.80909897,LANCUM-F0B1FD,,LANCUMF0B1FD.jpg,Copper-alloy flanged axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUMF0B1FD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1053418.jpg
948789,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1700,"An incomplete early Bronze Age bronze Developed flat axe, c.2050BC - 1700BC.



Description: The axe is missing about half its cheek/butt end. The sides of the axe are slightly concaving narrowing rapidly form the back fo the wide expanded curved blade straight and gradually divergent to the blade. One side expands more sharply below the blade and suggests that the blade originally had at least a moderately expanded blade edge. In in cross-section the butt end is sub-rectangular. The axe is heavily corroded and pitted with none of the original surface remaining.



Measurements: 62.01mm long, 62.41mm wide, 13.42mm thick and 170g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,170,,,13.42,62.01,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Bucklebury,SU5170,Generated from computer mapping software,51.42672016,-1.26784689,KENT-F1AF54,,KENTF1AF54.jpg,Flat Axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTF1AF54.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1053179.jpg
949180,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1700,"A fragment of a thin cast copper alloy Bronze Age axehead, of flat type and dating from the Early Bronze Age (c. 2200-1700 BC). The axehead has curved, diverging sides with a curved and splayed cutting edge. The axe has a rectangular profile and is 16.4mm wide at the break. There is a slight curve to the side profile of the body of the axe which suggests it had become slightly bent, perhaps in use and perhaps leading to the breakage.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,44.77,,,9.1,46.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Surrey,Waverley,Cranleigh,TQ0837,From finder,51.12211491,-0.45820206,SUR-0A7938,,SUR0A7938.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR0A7938.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1053399.jpg
949478,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"A fragment of a cast, copper-alloy socketed axe head dating to the later Bronze Age (c. 950-750 BC). The surviving axe consists of part of the broken blade and body. The body of the axe is sub-rectangular in plan with a flared convex cutting edge. The sides of the axe are triangular, and the body of the axe narrows towards the expanded blade. The blade edge is rounded and damaged in several areas through abrasion and corrosion. The inside of the axe is hollow and sub-rectangular in cross-section. The blade has been roughly evenly broken off at one end, the axe also has several areas of lamination and scratches on its outside surfaces, all of which are patinated, like all of the exterior surfaces, in a mid-green colour. The interior surfaces of the axe have a similar coloured patina.



Found within the same findspot as metalworking debris (PAS no. LIN-5A04A4). 



The axe measures 45.11 mm in length, 22.04 mm in width and 5.69 mm thick at the blade, 15.50 mm thick at the broken socketed end, 3.08 mm in maximum wall thickness, and weighs 34.78g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,34.78,,,5.69,45.11,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Pointon and Sempringham,TF1231,,52.86483825,-0.33772806,LIN-59D8B1,,,,,,,
949486,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-950,1800,"Two pieces of copper metalworking debris. Both are small irregularly shaped fragments of solidified copper slag with uneven surfaces with bubbles and air holes. Both fragments are corroded with patches of green verdigris, and red corrosion is generally present.



Height: 26.19 mm; Width: 30.90 mm; Thickness: 21.93 mm; Weight: 62.44g



Length 36.58: mm; Width: 26.23 mm; Thickness: 15.38 mm; Weight: 35.53g



The smelting of copper in rural locations is likely to be indicative of Bronze Age activity, a late Bronze age socketed axehead and metalworking debris were found within the same findspot (PAS no. LIN-59D8B1 and LIN-5A202F), although casting might be an occasional rural activity up to the centralisation of manufacturing in post-medieval times, so the suggested date range for these is anywhere from the Bronze age to post medieval, 2500 BC - AD1800.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Pointon and Sempringham,TF1231,,52.86483825,-0.33772806,LIN-5A04A4,,Lin5A04A4.jpg,Lin-5A04A4: Bronze age metal working debris,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/guisachan/Lin5A04A4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1119738.jpg
949489,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-950,1800,"A single piece of copper-alloy metalworking debris, probably dating to the late Bronze Age. The piece is sub-rectangular in form and cross-section. It is curved with a rectilinear band running longitudinally across the outer surface of the object. The fragment is corroded with patches of green verdigris, and red corrosion is generally present.



Length: 40.91 mm; Width: 33.86 mm; Thickness: 6.18 mm, Weight: 30.24g



The smelting of copper in rural locations is likely to be indicative of Bronze Age activity, other metalworking debris and a late Bronze age socketed axehead was found within the same findspot (PAS no. LIN-59D8B1 and LIN-5A04A4), although casting might be an occasional rural activity up to the centralisation of manufacturing in post-medieval times, so the suggested date range for these is anywhere from the Bronze age to post-medieval, 2500 BC - AD 1800.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.24,,,6.18,40.91,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Pointon and Sempringham,TF1231,,52.86483825,-0.33772806,LIN-5A202F,,LIN5A202F.jpg,"Copper-alloy metalworking debris, possibly Bronze Age",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lisabrundle/LIN5A202F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1113999.jpg
949823,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,-800,"Copper-alloy Late Bronze Age miniature socketed axehead (c. 1000 - 800 BC). The objects imitates a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead of the Ewart Park phase (c. 1000 - 800 BC), in miniature (see for instance, SOM-7B35AD). It has a collared, square socket with a D-shaped loop to one side, and a wide, curved blade. The blade edge is worn and fragmentary and there are some worn patches to the surface of the object. Otherwise, the object has a smooth, brown patina. It is 55.15mm in length, 26.18mm in width and 14.60mm in thickness. It weighs 19.99g.



Miniature socketed axeheads that imitate functional Bronze Age type axeheads are known from contexts ranging in date from the Bronze Age to the early Roman period. Examples include: WILT-33B468 and YORYM-9A3076. These objects are believed to have had a votive function. Many of the Roman examples are highly derivative and simplified in form, however, and the detailed form of this example indicates a date within the Late Bronze Age or early Iron Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.99,,,14.6,55.15,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,North West,Cumbria,Allerdale,Ireby and Uldale,NY2338,GPS (from the finder),54.73106037,-3.19724679,LANCUM-70715D,,LANCUM70715D.jpg,Copper-alloy miniature socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUM70715D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1053945.jpg
949922,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Copper-alloy fragment from a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead (c. 1100 - 800 BC). The fragment consists of the cutting edge and part of the body of the axehead. The blade edge is slightly flared. The object has a patchy dark brown and green patina and the broken edges are worn. It is 41.85mm in length, 40.44mm in width and 18.10mm at maximum thickness. It weighs 61.37g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,61.37,,,18.1,41.85,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,North West,Cumbria,Allerdale,Holme Abbey,NY1751,GPS (from the finder),54.84689893,-3.29412055,LANCUM-737EC3,,LANCUM737EC3.jpg,Fragment of copper-alloy socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUM737EC3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1053962.jpg
950113,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy possible unusually looped socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age (c.1000-800BC ), , probably of Ewart Park Metalwork assemblage (pers.comm Dot Boughton 2019).



The socket end is square in shape, measuring 25mm by 29mm. On the upper and lower surface there is a raised casting flash, following a seam along the length of the object. The object narrows from 30.7mm to 18.6mm in width where it terminates in a rectangular break measuring 18.6mm x 11.5mm. To one of the sides, just below the mouth, is a 22.1mm long loop. The object has a dark green patina with a lighter green pitted surface, and a small patch of original patina survives around the loop.



The axehead is 86.6mm in length, 30.7mm in width, 29.5 thickness, and weighs 127.68g.



It could possibly be a MBA axe of Taunton Hademarschen type:



On record WILT-C4C954 Brendan O'Connor comments there is a small group of similar slender socketed axeheads from East Dorset (A Group of Middle Bronze Age Socketed Axes from East Dorset, Brendan O'Connor and Peter J. Woodward, PDNHAS 125, 2003, 144-6), and another in the Salisbury hoard. More recently one has turned up on the Isle of Wight in a hoard of Taunton phase palstaves (Treasure Annual Reoprt 2003, p. 197), confirming the Middle Bronze Age date and distribution. The Marlborough example is a little further north.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,127.68,,,29.5,86.6,1,Helena Costas,Helena Costas,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Cliddesden,SU6448,GPS (from the finder),51.22761103,-1.08483314,BERK-897467,,BERK897467.jpg,Broze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/helenacostas/BERK897467.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054269.jpg
950136,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-750,"Fragment of a Bronze Age, c. 1,100-750 BC socketed axe. Only the end of the blade survives making specific identification difficult. Cutting edge expanded and crescentic. The body of the axe has a rectangular section, 25.9 x 18.0mm with rounded corners and a 4.7mm thick wall section It was broken in antiquity and shows a hackly fracture. Length 41.4mm, Width (cutting edge) 35.9mm, Thickness 18.0mm, Mass 61.77g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-02T00:00:00Z,,,,61.77,,,18,41.4,1,Kevin Leahy,Kevin Leahy,West Midlands,Warwickshire,North Warwickshire,Seckington,SK2607,GPS (from the finder),52.6601027,-1.61703671,WAW-B1BF43,,Birm774.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kaleahy/Birm774.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054236.jpg
950308,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1150,1100,"An incomplete copper alloy possible awl of uncertain date, possibly dating to the Late Bronze Age - Medieval period, 1150 BC - AD 1100. The object has two parts, with the first part a single cast chisel with a flat bladed terminal that tapers down to a point which is now worn and square. The other side is circular in cross section. There is no decoration on the object and it has an dark green patina. Small chisels and tools of this type were used for an extensive period of time, not simply in the Bronze age, but also in later periods for jewellery making and fine work. As such dating the object is difficult. The awl measures 59.3mm in length, 4.5mm in thickness, and weighs 5.39g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-19T00:00:00Z,,,,5.39,,,4.5,59.3,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Fleet Marston,SP7714,GPS (from the finder),51.81933103,-0.88428912,BUC-EECF90,,BUCEECF90.jpg,Awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCEECF90.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054549.jpg
950316,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1150,1100,"An incomplete copper alloy possible awl of uncertain date, possibly dating to the Late Bronze Age - Medieval period, 1150 BC - AD 1100. The object has two parts, with the first part a possible chisel shape with a flat bladed terminal that tapers down to a point which is now worn and rounded. The other side is circular in cross section. There is no decoration on the object which is very worn, and it has an dark brown patina. Small chisels and tools of this type were used for an extensive period of time, not simply in the Bronze age, but also in later periods for jewellery making and fine work. As such dating the object is difficult. The awl measures 42.2mm in length, 4.3mm in thickness, and weighs 2.82g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-19T00:00:00Z,,,,2.82,,,4.3,42.2,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Fleet Marston,SP7714,GPS (from the finder),51.81933103,-0.88428912,BUC-EEF37B,,BUCEEF37B.jpg,Awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCEEF37B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054546.jpg
950521,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete copper alloy awl / leather working tool of uncertain date, possibly Bronze Age but conceivably Roman or medieval.



Description: The awl is in very good condition with a dark grey-brown mildly patinated surface. The awl has a square cross-section. Both ends taper to a sharp point. One point is slightly longer than the others and each of the four faces is slightly indented. There are some scratches on the rounded end. Some awls may have been hafted in to a wooden or bone handle however this example was probably used in the hand without hafting as both ends of the awl are useful, practical tools.



Measurements: 37.76mm long, 3.7mm thick and 2g in weight.



Description: From the PAS website: (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl) Awls are difficult to date but most copper-alloy examples are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and many were probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). They were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,3.7,7.76,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Barham,TR2049,Generated from computer mapping software,51.19784052,1.1475355,KENT-F2CFBC,,KENTF2CFBC.jpg,Awl,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTF2CFBC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054394.jpg
950689,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy probable palstave axe dating to the Middle Bronze age. . The axe is sub-rectangular in profile and is 14.92 mm wide at the break. The body of the axehead has a sub-rectangular cross section. The body flares to an expanded, asymmetrical, crescentic cutting edge. The axe has a dark green patina with patches of a lighter green along the edge of the blade. At the break there is an area of reddish, copper-rich corrosion.

Date: Middle Bronze Age - c. 1600 - 1000 BC

Dimensions: 40.51 mm x 17.56 mm x 15.11 mm

Weight: 55.98 g



Similar to a fragment described in record SUSS-CC1CE5 on the database",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,55.98,,,15.11,40.51,1,Sarah Kelman,Sarah Kelman,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Hindon,ST9032,From finder,51.08722583,-2.14415285,DOR-055EA4,,055EA4.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sarahk/055EA4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1062043.jpg
950822,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1275,"Incomplete cast copper alloy high-flanged, side-looped, mid-ribbed, South-western palstave dating from the Taunton phase (c.1400-1275 BC) of the Middle Bronze Age. The palstave has worn high side flanges with long extensions, their highest point being above the stop ridge, with the base circles of the side-loop on either side of the stop ridge, and a broad blade that is triangular in plan. The squared-off protruding stop ridge produces a rectangular aperture in plan and the worn down side flanges are lozenge-shaped in profile.The stop is 11 mm wide and 9 mm deep on both sides and the thickness of the worn side flanges together, front and back, is 23 mm. Below the stop ridge the narrow blade is parallel to the exterior in plan, at 20 mm wide, and inset from the stop ridge in profile and 10 mm thick, and starts to expand into the triangular blade after 10 mm towards the cutting edge which is 55 mm wide and 2 mm thick. The blade has a central mid rib which is 4 mm wide and 68 mm long, and two raised edges, 4 mm thick, following the slightly curved edge of the blade to a length of 80 mm. The two bases of the side loop project outwards 1 mm from the surface of one side of the palstave and are 5 mm in diameter and 8 mm apart. The casting seam below the loop as been chiselled away, but there is still a raised seam above it, and another seam on the opposite side of the hafting end of the palstave. The entire surface of the palstave is corroded and pitted and the cutting edge of the blade is damaged and subsequently corroded so it is difficult to determine how much the edge was used and resharpened.



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate similar narrow side-looped palstaves with mid-ribs and side ribs and triangular blades from Keighley, Yorkshire and Greyfriar's Church, Dumfries in plate 61, no.836, which is unclassified as it is just a blade but possibly South-western, and no.841, which is referred to as a South-western type of palstave and compared to items produced during the Ornament Horizon of the later Middle Bronze Age such as a palstave in the Taunton hoard (c.1400-1275 BC) on pp.141-143.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate palstaves with side loops, squared-off stop ridges and side and central ribs on the blade from Shapwick, Dorset and Dorset county on p.93, pl.20, nos.290 & 340 which are referred to as early types of palstaves with midribs.



Savory (1980) illustrates two similar side-looped, broad-bladed palstaves, missing their flanges, from the Cemmaes hoard found in Montgomeryshire in Wales, on p.179, fig.31, nos.2 & 5, which are referred to as South-western palstaves and named the Cemmaes phase of metalwork in Wales which is the same as the Taunton phase (c.1400-1275 BC) of the Middle Bronze Age in the South West.



Moore and Rowlands (1972) illustrate two similar side-looped, broad-bladed, high-flanged palstaves found near Salisbury and at Carlton, Dowton, Wiltshire on page 53, plate VIII, nos.23-24.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-24T00:00:00Z,2019-02-24T00:00:00Z,,,183.35,,,23,133,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Tintagel,SX0887,Generated from computer mapping software,50.65096175,-4.71738347,CORN-08673C,,DSCN7496.JPG,South-western palstave (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN7496.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054694.jpg
950888,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A cast copper alloy palstave axehead of ""Early midribbed Palstaves of Type Chepstow"" type dating to c.1500 -1300 BC. The butt is rounded and the septum is thinner then the blade. The side flanges are low and increase in height from the butt to the stop ridges. On both faces the stop ridges are higher than the flanges. From the stop extends the rectangular cross sectioned blade. The blade tapers in the horizontal plane and is flaring in transverse plane. It termiates in a flared and curving cutting edge. It has a pronounced midrib running from the stop ridge to just before the edge on one face. Details of any edge bevel and casting lines are lost to corrosion. The palstave is heavily corroded, with some losses at its extremities.

Reference: Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 58,

Date: Middle Bronze Age

Dimensions: 141.58 mm x 47.94 mm x 28.74 mm

Weight: 3.36 g



Dot Boughton comments that this is an ""Early midribbed Palstaves of Type Chepstow"" but that it is too worn to be any more precise. Such axes are are part of the very late Arreton and then, Acton MW assemblage, that is the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1500-1300BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.36,,,28.74,141.58,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Lucy Bevan,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Pulham,ST7109,From finder,50.87975943,-2.4135785,DOR-18B605,,DOR18B605a.jpg,,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR18B605a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1054950.jpg
951376,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"Fragment of a copper-alloy Bronze Age socketed spearhead. The handle socket is entirely missing from an old brittle-break at the point where it would have originally joined the blade. The pronounced midrib continues for the full length of the blade with an internally round socket extending just over halfway towards the tip. Externally the midrib contours smoothly to form the wings of the spearhead blade, the profile of which has a sub-lozengiform shape, reaching a maximum width at the approximate halfway point. The profile of the blade wings from the socket to the widest point has a slight curve suggesting more of a leaf-shape profile, but the forward profile to the tip is much more of a linear taper with one flange stepping-in slightly suggesting material loss at this point, either through post deposition damage or perhaps more likely in-use modification such as sharpening. There is no extant evidence of edge bevelling around any of the blade periphery. Unfortunately due to the missing socket it is not possible to determine the means of attachment to the shaft, either with Middle Bronze Age loops, or pegs associated with the later Bronze Age. Assessment of all of the features suggests a date from the later part of the Middle Bronze Age through into the later period, albeit an accurate Davis group typology cannot be assigned; circa 1200-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-04-01T23:00:00Z,2019-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,,,,16.8,85.4,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Swaffham,TF7909,,52.64919164,0.64458631,NMS-71B5E0,,63362_71B5E0_BA_Spearhead.jpg,Incomplete Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/63362_71B5E0_BA_Spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1060226.jpg
951482,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Broken copper-alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date (c. 1100 - 800 BC). Only the blade end of the axehead remains. The object widens from a diagonal broken edge to a curved cutting edge. The broken edges are worn. The break reveals that the body of the object is hollow. The axehead has a patchy green and brown patina. It is 40.83mm in length, 30.76mm in width and 12.69mm in thickness. It weighs 43.35g.



This object was donated to Craven Museum and Art Gallery by the finder.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,43.35,,,12.69,40.83,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Martons Both,SD8950,GPS (from the finder),53.94598594,-2.1690776,LANCUM-833787,,LANCUM833787edit.jpg,Copper-alloy socketed axehead fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUM833787edit.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1056595.jpg
951483,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Description: A group of four Bronze Age copper-alloy tool fragments all found within a small area over a period of several months. Two additional amorphous copper-alloy fragments were also found in the immediate vicinity. Total weight 125g.



1. Small butt-end fragment of a flanged palstave. Oblique brittle fracture, pitted dark brown patination with green around eroded edges. Extant length 35mm, width 18mm, weight 35g.



2. Triangular tip fragment of a spearhead. Sharp midrib giving a star-like cross section. Transverse brittle fracture. Dark brown patination. Length 41mm, width 17.7mm, thickness 7.6mm, weight 9g.



3. Crescent-shaped cutting edge fragment probably from a palstave. Blade width almost complete, with one side truncated just short of the full width. Curved brittle and broadly transverse fracture across the crescentic edge (maximum width in centre of fragment 15mm) Dark brown pitted patination very similar to 1, and could be opposite ends of the same object. Length 59mm, thickness 6.5mm, weight 18g.



4. Blade fragment of a socketed chisel, flaring from 15mm to 27mm over its 41mm extant length. Broken towards the butt end with the thin-walled socket (0.9mm) pushed in from one side causing a crease down towards the blade end. The socket neck at the point of fracture was originally oval, extending to a maximum depth of 33mm into the 41mm extant length of the chisel. Weight 14.72g. 



5. Amorphous sub-ovoid globule with matching patination and colouration to other objects. Maximum length 18mm, maximum thickness 9.2mm, weight 10g.



6. Unidentified fragment with exposed uncorroded scraped bare metal on both faces, probably as a result of recent cultivation damage. The object has some form, with what appear to be original edges, but the parent object cannot be determined. Length 58mm, maximum width 18mm, weight 38g.



Discussion and Date: Objects 1 to 3 are possibly Middle Bronze Age in date, but as fragments the diagnostic features that position them more precisely in the period are missing. Socketed chisels (object 4) are known in the late Middle Bronze Age and are transitional into the late Bronze Age. Items 5 and 6 cannot be identified, but although these are largely amorphous and cannot be identified in isolation as part of the hoard, the proximity within the group and the nature of the material strongly suggests they are an integral part of the deposition made in the late Middle Bronze Age. It is possible, however, that they were gathered together at a later date.","The finds are all of Bronze Age date and as they represent a single find of two or more copper-alloy finds of prehistoric date, they qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-02-22T00:00:00Z,2019-04-03T23:00:00Z,2019T434,,125,,,,,6,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0782,,52.39685663,1.04109525,NMS-833D15,,63363_833D15_MBA_Palstave1.jpg,Butt End fragment of a middle BA palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/63363_833D15_MBA_Palstave1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1055627.jpg
951655,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"
A copper alloy palstave axe fragment consisting of the forward half of the axe, that has a wide curved blade that has a bevelled forward edge on both faces. The sides of the blade are concave and taper to the middle of the axe where the stop ridge would be, however, the item is truncated at the forward base of this ridge. On both faces is a single low rib that runs down half the length of the blade from the middle of the stop ridge.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-31T23:00:00Z,2018-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,,,,17,65,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,,,,,,,,,GLO-8793F7,,GLO8793F7.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO8793F7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1055329.jpg
951707,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl of probable late Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 800 BC. The object is sub-square in section at the widest point tapering with a circular section to one end which terminates in a worn point, the opposite end has a tapering square section again terminating in a worn point. The object is undecorated.



The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The object is 86.2mm long, 10.7mm wide, 9.1mm thick and weighs 17.9g.



Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1500-800 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.9,,,9.1,86.2,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bainton,SE9552,From finder,53.95537891,-0.55374596,YORYM-9764E7,,ASC0029.jpg,Bronze Age : Awl,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/ASC0029.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1056155.jpg
952134,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A complete cast copper-alloy, plain socketed axe of the late Bronze Age (Wilburton/Ewart Park phase) dating c.1100-800BC.



Description: The axehead has a narrow sub-rectangular body, slightly narrower in the middle, with two concave faces flaring towards the blade end and slightly towards the haft end. In plan the blade is wide and flaring creating a crescentic cutting edge. The socket of the axehead is sub-rectangular with curving corners. It is proceed by a double raised collar. The casting seams on the sides of the axehead have been worked down either through hammering or filing/polishing, but remain fairly prominant particularly towards the collar end. The blade edge has some wear but remains in good conditions. The side loop remains on one side. The axehead has a dark greenish well formed patina with some slightly lighter mottling in places, but is fairly restricted although may be areas where corrosion has begun to effect the axehead.



Measurements: Length of 91mm, with a width (at widest) 39.8mm wide, thickness 31.5mm and a weight: 164g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,1998-02-28T00:00:00Z,,,,164,,,31.5,91,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Kingston,TR2051,GPS (from the finder),51.21579719,1.14876081,KENT-C1D0F3,,KENTC1D0F3.jpg,Socketted axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTC1D0F3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1055658.jpg
952151,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Very slender and bent probably Late Bronze Age copper alloy probable tanged chisel. The tang tapers and thins out to its terminal, while the blade runs parallel-sided and thins out to its incomplete cutting edge. Length 63mm. Width 5.3mm. Thickness 4.1mm. Weight 8g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-26T23:00:00Z,2018-10-26T23:00:00Z,,,,,,4.1,63,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,TF6705,From finder,52.61709006,0.46536354,NMS-C26E04,,63018_C26E04_LBA_Chisel.jpg,Probable Late Bronze Age tanged chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/63018_C26E04_LBA_Chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1102595.jpg
952223,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A fragment of copper-alloy middle Bronze Age bladed artefact, probably a dirk or rapier, or possibly a spearhead..



This fragment weighs 10.72g, has an incomplete length of 24.6mm and width of 17.4mm. This fragment has a pointed sub-oval shaped cross-section that is slightly faceted, with a central longitudinal ridge flanked to either side by another longitudinal ridge, on both sides of the blade. The fragment has a maximum thickness of 6.2mm. The fragment is slightly curved suggestive of having been deliberately broken.



Thanks to P. Reavill & D. Boughton for their comments on this fragment.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.72,,,6.2,24.6,1,Helen Fowler,Helen Fowler,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Steventon,SU4491,Centred on field,51.616114,-1.3659064,CAM-C60F3C,,FinalCAMC60F3C.jpg,"A fragment of middle Bronze Age copper-alloy bladed weapon, probably a dirk or rapier.",Cambridgeshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/hfowler/FinalCAMC60F3C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1059326.jpg
952386,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A fragment of cast copper-alloy axehead, probably a palstave axehead dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1400-1150 BC). The surviving fragment, comprising the butt and part of the haft end, is sub-trapezoidal in shape and slightly concave at the point the flanges begin to expand and the haft increases in thickness towards the break. The surfaces have a mottled mid and dark green patina, as well as several small patches of old lamination that have a light-green patina. The fragment measures 21.2mm in length, 21mm in width and 2.2mm thick at the butt, 28.2mm wide and a maximum of 8.8mm thick at the flanges, and weighs 15.56 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-31T00:00:00Z,2018-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,15.56,,,8.8,21.2,1,Harvey Cross,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Weston,TL2730,Centred on field,51.95399647,-0.15333146,BH-16E417,,BH16E417.jpg,Middle Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH16E417.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1059974.jpg
952409,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age hollow cast copper alloy spearhead, broken at both ends, the point and most of the blade and much of the socket are missing and the surviving edges of the blade damaged, both faces of socket with transverse hammer marks. Extant length 33mm, extant width 22mm, extant thickness 16mm. Weight 14.19g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-12T00:00:00Z,2019-02-12T00:00:00Z,,,14.19,,,16,33,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Foulsham,TG0325,,52.78438563,1.00873576,NMS-17CE57,,44087_17CE57_LBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/44087_17CE57_LBA_Spearhead_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156053.jpg
952487,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,801,"A fragment of a copper alloy axehead, probably dating to c. AD 2400-800. The fragment consists of part of the cutting edge only, with the rest of the artefact lost to old breaks. The fragment is sub-lenticular in cross section, and sub-triangular in plan. It has a curved cutting edge without flaring wing tips. 



The blade measures 39.8 mm in length,16.6 mm in width, maximum thickness is 8 mm and it weighs 17.59 grams.



Due to the fragmentary nature of the object, a more precise identification is difficult.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.59,,,8,39.8,1,Claire Goodey,Claire Goodey,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Pewsey,SU1856,From finder,51.30284046,-1.74318649,WILT-1939F5,,WILT1939F5.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT1939F5.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1058128.jpg
952606,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"Copper-alloy miniature flat axehead of early Bronze Age date (c. BC 2000 - 1700). The axehead is broadly rectangular, with a flared and curved cutting edge at one end. It is lozenge-shaped when viewed from the side, with a rectangular section. Both ends of the object are chipped and worn. The object has a green patina. It is 53.97mm in length, 20.30mm in width and 7.09mm in thickness. It weighs 28.83g.



This object parallels in miniature axeheads from the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II-III) of metalworking tradition phase IV-V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2050 - 1700 CAL. BC. A number of similar miniature axeheads are recorded on the database, including: SUR-267CEF and DEV-B0516A. The small size of the object suggests that it may have had a votive function.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.83,,,7.09,53.97,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,North West,Cumbria,South Lakeland,Sedbergh,SD6793,Generated from computer mapping software,54.33149082,-2.5089671,LANCUM-2B03AE,,LANCUM2B03AE.jpg,Copper-alloy miniature flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUM2B03AE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1056197.jpg
953252,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"A group of twelve palstaves in varying states of completeness (two are in two fragments) but all in a poor condition, possibly owing to their findspot environment being saline. The expanded and corroded nature of the finds in their current condition means that the measurements given below are at a considerable remove from their original condition/form and cannot be used in detailed metric analyses without extreme caution.



Note: Thickness measurements are across the widest point (i.e. from bar stop to bar stop).



1. Looped palstave with narrow blade. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection.



Type:Looped Norman type



Dimensions: Length: 144mm; Width (cutting blade): 42mm; Width (butt): 17mm; Width (max, across septum): 30mm; Breadth (max at stop): 33mm; Weight: 324g



2. Looped palstave with narrow blade. Missing its loop and the butt end of the palstave. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection.



Type:Looped Norman type



Dimensions: Length: 135mm (incomplete); Width (cutting blade): 40mm; Width (butt/broken end): 33; Width (max, across septum): 35mm; Breadth (max at stop): 30.5mm; Weight: 351.4g



3. ?Looped palstave with narrow blade. Missing its loop and butt end of the palstave. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection.



Dimensions: Length: 145mm (incomplete); Width (cutting blade): 28mm; Width (butt/broken end): 25mm; Width (max, across septum): 35mm; Breadth (max at stop, incomplete): 25mm; Weight: 210.87g



Type: ?Looped Norman type



4. Palstave with narrow blade. Apparently loopless but the palstave is in too poor a condition to be certain. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection.



Type: Breton type



Dimensions: Length: 158mm; Width (cutting blade): 38mm; Width (butt/broken end): 25mm; Width (max, across septum): 36mm; Breadth (max at stop): 33mm



5. Palstave with narrow blade. Apparently loopless but the palstave is in too poor a condition to be certain. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection.



Type: ?Breton type



Dimensions: Length: 150mm; Width (blade): too damaged; Width (butt): too damaged; Width (max, across septum): 37mm; Breadth (max at stop): 33mm



6. Palstave with narrow blade. Apparently loopless but the palstave is in too poor a condition to be certain. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Untreated and covered in bronze disease that gives the surface a bright green colouring. The palstave was broken in antiquity and is missing the butt end but has also been broken in recent times and is in two re-fitting fragments (a-b, below).



Type: Breton type



Dimensions: Length (fragments a and b refitted): 127mm; Width (blade): 24.5mm; Width (butt): 24; Width (max, across septum): 22mm; Breadth (max at stop): 20.5mm; Weight: (fragment a, blade end): 75.91g; (fragment b, butt end): 116.78g



7. Palstave with narrow blade. Apparently loopless but the palstave is in too poor a condition to be certain. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection.



Type: Breton type



Dimensions: Length: 149mm; Width (cutting blade): 29mm; Width (butt): 24mm; Width (max, across septum): 24mm; Breadth (max at stop): 26mm; Weight: 250.71g



8. Palstave with mid-rib. Apparently loopless but the palstave is in too poor a condition to be certain. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection.



Type: British



Dimensions: Length: 152mm; Width (cutting blade): 47mm; Width (butt end/break): 18.5mm; Width (max, across septum, broken/partial): 31mm; Breadth (max at stop): 30mm; Weight: 356g



9. Palstave fragment. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection. Only the blade section survives and is in poor condition/broken. In two fragments (a and b, below).



Type: Uncertain



Dimensions: Length: 90mm; Width: 35mm, otherwise too broken and corroded to take useful measurements; Weight: 45.83g (fragment a); 38.88g (fragment b)



10. Palstave fragment. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection. May refit with No. 11.



Type: Uncertain



Dimensions: Length: 93mm; Width: 36mm, otherwise too broken and corroded to take useful measurements; Weight: 211.97g



11. Palstave fragment. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection. May refit with No. 10.



Type: Uncertain



Dimensions: Length: 64mm; otherwise too broken and corroded to take useful measurements; Weight:62.71g



12. Palstave fragment. Poor, corroded, condition, dark brown patina with green patches. Treated/consolidated (including wax) prior to inspection.



Type: Uncertain



Dimensions: Length: 57mm; otherwise too broken and corroded to take useful measurements; Weight: 59.45g



Discussion: This group of palstaves represents an important addition to the Middle Bronze Age hoards from coastal areas in Britain and the near Continent (see Needham et al. 2013, Ch. 4). Three or four of the palstaves are of Breton type and two or three are of Norman type, with only one recognisable as a British type. The closest parallel for this find is the Marnhull hoard, Dorset, where 90 palstaves were recovered (25 of Breton type and the majority of the remainder of Norman type) (Lawson & Farwell 1991; cf. O'Connor 2009, 274-5). O'Connor suggests that these palstaves originated in Lower Normandy (Ibid., 274). Breton and Norman type palstaves were also found together at Hayling Beach, Hampshire in gravel (and therefore possibly redeposited from elsewhere; see Ibid. for details and references) and from Easton, Hampshire (Ibid.). It is likely that the Continental palstave types from the 'Portsmouth area' hoard were also imports and therefore form an important additional find.



The uncertain origins of this hoard make it difficult to establish how the objects were deposited. However, the unusually degraded condition and quality of the patina of the palstaves described above (Nos. 1-12), combined with their unusual typology (primarily imports of Breton and Normandy types from France) make it highly probable that they were deposited together as a single deposit.



Conclusion: As a find of two or more objects of copper alloy, this find qualifies a Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002).



Bibliography



Lawson, A.J. & Farwell, D.E. 1991. 'Archaeological Investigation Following the Discovery of a Hoard of Palstaves Near new Inn Farmhouse, Marnhull, Dorset', Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 112, 131-8



Needham, S., Parham, D., & Frieman, C. 2013. Claimed by the Sea: Salcombe, Langdon Bay, and other marine finds of the Bronze Age. CBA Research Report 173, Council for British Archaeology



O'Connor, B. 2009. 'Bronze Age Metalwork' In Ladle, L. and Woodward, A. (eds.) Excavations at Bestwall Quarry, Wareham 1992 - 2005, Volume 1: The Prehistoric Landscape, 272-5



Neil Wilkin, Curator 



The British Museum



24.1.17 



Updated: 14.6.18",,4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2015T762,,,,,,,12,Neil Wilkin,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,,City of Portsmouth,City of Portsmouth,,,,,,DOR-92F9B4,,2015T762.jpg,Middle bronze Age axe hoard (sample of finds),Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/2015T762.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1056846.jpg
953256,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"Two complete gold-plated cast penannular rings dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c.1150-750 BC), and a probable Bronze Age (c. 1000 BC-750 BC) awl. 



The penannular rings are in the shape of an oval-sectioned loop that tapers slightly towards the terminals. One of the rings is plain. The other is heavily corroded on the surfaces but appears to have ribbed decoration.



The uncorroded ring is 16.9mm in diameter, with a thickness of 5.7mm and a weight of 8.14 grans. The corroded ring is 19mm in diameter, 7mm thick and weighs 11.41 grams.



The probable Bronze Age awl is circular in section and tapers to a blunt point at one end and a rounder point at the other. The surface has a dark green patina with some small areas of fine pitting. 



The awl measures 85.2mm in length, a maximum of 4.2mm in diameter and weighs 6.88 grams.



Awls are difficult to date but most are probably the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117), they were presumably used for perforating leather.



As a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002). They note that although most awls are associated with leather working, some would have been used in woodworking, bone working and other crafts.","Conclusion:  As the penannular rings are Bronze Age in date and made of gold, they qualify as treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996. Being found close to them and of similar date, it is possible that the awl is associated with them and qualifies as treasure as part of this case.



Bibliography



Coles, J.M. (1964). 'Scottish Middle Bronze Age Metalwork', Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 97 (1963-4).



Ottaway, P. and Rogers, N. (2002). Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds From Medieval York York: York Archaeological Trust and CBA.



Rowlands, M.J. (1976). The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain: Part ii'. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.



The rings and awl were discovered within a few feet of each other.",4,Gold,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2017-03-16T00:00:00Z,2019-05-01T23:00:00Z,2019T492,,,,,,,3,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Royston,TL3639,GPS (from the finder),52.03273862,-0.0188803,BH-9326BA,,BH9326BA1.jpg,Bronze Age penannular ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH9326BA1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1057235.jpg
953258,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A nearly complete copper alloy dirk, dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500-1300 BC) and 153.8mm in length The butt is trapezoidal with two rivet holes partially preserved. The original mushroom rivets are lost. The dirk is 43.5mm wide across the butt and narrows to 14.5mm at the blade tip, which has been lost. The blade has bevelled edges and a flattened lozengiform / lentoid cross section with a distinctive central rib which extends all the way from butt to the tip. This thickened rib adds strength to the blade and is a diagnostic feature of this type of short sword or dirk which is thought to be used for thrusting and piercing rather than cutting and slashing. The blade is slightly bent midway along although it is unclear as to whether this demonstrates an intentional pre-depositional act. The edges of the blade and the surface demonstrate post depositional damage and loss from corrosion.","This dirk is perhaps best attributed to a Taplow or Keelogue Type of the Acton Park industry. Cf. Burgess, C. and Gerloff, S. 1981, Plates 14 and 15.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-04-11T23:00:00Z,,,,113.77,,,5.8,153.8,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Buriton,SU7417,From finder,50.94769622,-0.94798718,SUR-932ECC,,SUR932ECC.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR932ECC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1056847.jpg
953349,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age (c1150 to c800 BC) gold penannular ring (or 'lock ring') formed from gold sheets; the weight of the object suggests that these are probably wrapped around a copper-alloy core. The ring is bi-conical in form, with flat triangular terminals. There is a prominent ridge running around the outer edge. Both faces are decorated by transverse, parallel striations. There is some damage to the inner edge of one of the faces, where the two sheets have come apart slightly.



Diameter: 28.69mm, thickness: 8.86mm, weight: 7.25g



There are a number of similar examples recorded on the database, including: NCL-066786 (2019 T94), SUSS-5EA230 (2017 T349), ESS-5ECCA2 (2016 T592) and SUR-EFB639 (2019 T87). This type of object is well-represented from late Bronze Age contexts, although the precise function of these rings remains unclear.



As the object is an item of prehistoric precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",,4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-05-01T23:00:00Z,2019-05-01T23:00:00Z,2019T464,,7.25,,28.69,8.86,,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,North West,Cumbria,Barrow-in-Furness,Roosecote,SD2471,GPS (from the finder),54.12920974,-3.1645186,LANCUM-968995,,LANCUM965995.jpg,Gold penannular ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUM965995.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1057593.jpg
953780,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed leather working knife made from copper alloy. At it's widest point it is 28.24mm and 55.68mm long.



The item has a socketed shaft, with two aligned perforations near the top of the shaft on either side. The socketed shaft tapers to a band and then flares into a sub triangular head that gradually thins to a cutting edge. The object is in good condition and is largely brown with a Verdigris patina. A small piece of wood was found inside the socket; it is very small and fits into the base of the shaft. It is roughly triangular in shape with a rounded tip and mainly green in colour. A tiny copper alloy pin was also discovered in the perforation hole. 



A similar example has been recorded on this database under record SF-F59C95. Also, similar to one shown in Nicholson's Catalogue of the Prehistoric Metalwork in Merseyside County Museum (1980: 47) no. 78.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-27T00:00:00Z,,,,14.09,,,12.52,55.68,1,Rebecca Harrold,Rebecca Harrold,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Montford,SJ4117,,52.74738396,-2.87547802,WMID-C17B89,,WMIDC17B89.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/harrbec68/WMIDC17B89.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1057286.jpg
953978,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy tanged chisel dating to the late Bronze Age (c. 1150 - 800 BC). The chisel has a tang with a rectangular cross section which has broken 5.3mm from a transverse collar. This collar is sub-oval in cross-section and is 10.8mm wide. The blade itself expands from 8.1mm wide at the collar to 21.3mm wide at the cutting edge, which is noticeably asymmetrical, possibly from wear during use or post depositional corrosion.","Tanged chisels of this type are uncommon finds; examples recorded on the database include BH-49EAD8, NMS-5059F9 and BERK-52E8C3.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-21T23:00:00Z,,,,17.08,,,9.3,58.4,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,St. Mary Bourne,SU4052,From finder,51.26575863,-1.42806949,SUR-E710D7,,SURE710D7.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURE710D7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1057485.jpg
954279,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete copper alloy side-looped spear of Middle Bronze Age dating (c. 1550 BC to c. 1250 BC). It fits into the Acton Park or Taunton phases. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC).



The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade with a pronounced mid-rib on both faces, triangular in cross-section, giving a lozenge shaped cross-section at the point. There is some damage to the edges of the blade and no edge bevels are discernable. The socket is oval in cross-section and is hollow. The socket is 50.8 mm deep. It has cast side loops roughly half way along the socket. The loops are a flat oval in cross-section, and one is blocked with a casting flange that has not been trimmed. The casting seams along the sides of the socket have been trimmed.



It measures 120.2 mm in length. a maximum blade width of 23.5 mm, a minimum blade width of 8.0 mm. The edges of the blades are 1.7 mm thick. At the base of the wings, the socket has an external diameter of 12.8 mm and at the base of the socket, it measures 18.2 mm. The socket is 2.3 mm thick. The side loops measure 14.4 mm long and 5.4 mm wide. They are 3.3 mm above the surface of the socket. It weighs 63.13 g.



The spear has a smooth dark brown patina.



Several similar spears have been recorded on the PAS database, including WMID-56E2E4 and SWYOR-A8FC69. See also Davis, R (2017) A Short Guide to early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads. Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.5.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,63.13,,,18.2,120.2,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Atcham,SJ5209,From finder,52.6765638,-2.71136581,WMID-2B1489,,WMID2B1489.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Side looped Spear,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID2B1489.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1057671.jpg
954440,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"An incomplete copper alloy flanged axehead, of middle Bronze Age dating (c. 1600 BC to c. 1400 BC).



The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan with a narrow and thin butt end which extends to a curved cutting edge with splayed blade. Raised flanges are present along the edges of both sides of the axehead each showing signs of heavy wear. No casting flashes are visible. No sign of a proto stop.



It measures 103.0 mm long, 28.2 mm wide at the blade, 16.5 mm wide at the butt end. 7.2 mm thick in the centre, 11.0 mm thick including the flanges. It weighs 91.78 g. The flanges are 52.7 mm long, extending from the butt end to midway along the body. They extend a maximum of 2.4 mm above the body.



The axehead is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. The surface is heavily pitted, either as a result of poor casting or due to soil conditions whilst buried.



Similar flanged axeheads have been recorded on the PAS database, including: YORYM-D5C7D6. The lack of a proto stop ridge is suggestive that this flanged axehead may fall within the Acton Park I phase, possibly dating to between c. 1600 BC to c. 1400 BC. However due to the surface condition, it is hard to confirm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,91.78,,,11,103,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Mavesyn Ridware,SK0618,From finder,52.75957418,-1.91253021,WMID-3D23A2,,WMID3D23A2.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete Flanged Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID3D23A2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1057769.jpg
954456,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"Incomplete cast copper alloy Quoit-Headed pin. The shank tapers and changes from oval to circular sectioned with a marked bend near the point. The slightly bent lozenge-sectioned looped head has two granular and possibly recent breaks where around a third of the loop is missing. The surface has some wear and corrosion but appears to be undecorated. Weight 22.09g. Extant length 208mm. Width of head loop: 77mm. c.1400-1250 BC.



Quoit-headed pins are characteristic of the Middle Bronze Age 'ornament horizon' which has been dated to the Taunton and Penard metalwork phases (Roberts 2007, 139-41). Quoit-headed pins are relatively rare, with c. 80 known examples. The bent tip is a common feature on the larger pins suggesting it was deliberate and probably functional. The form and size of pins varies considerably, with examples of all types found mainly in East Anglia, the south coast and south-west.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-12T00:00:00Z,2019-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,22.09,,,,208,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7010,,52.66106548,0.51220395,NMS-3D6677,,58496_3D6677_MBA_Pin.jpg,Middle Bronze Age quoit -headed pin,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/58496_3D6677_MBA_Pin.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1058064.jpg
954562,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age razor, probably Piggott's (1946) Class II, although too damaged to find a close parallel. Flat-sectioned, broken across a perforation at the end of the handle, slight concavities at the springing of the blade, the remainder of which has an irregular broken edge. Extant length 62.5mm. Extant width 33mm. Thickness 1.5mm. Weighs 6.05g. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-12T00:00:00Z,2019-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,6.05,,,1.5,62.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Pentney,TF7312,,52.67807888,0.55756371,NMS-3FD035,,PFd_62903_3FD035_KLMD042019_BA_Razor.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age razor,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_62903_3FD035_KLMD042019_BA_Razor.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155166.jpg
954588,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete, cast, copper alloy annular ring dating to the late Bronze Age (c.1000-800BC)



The ring has a solid round cross section, with a thicker section (8.25mm) bearing three slightly swollen areas facing outward, possibly as decoration. The object is otherwise undecorated.



The metal has a dark brown patina. The surface is moderately pitted. particularly in the thicker area, possibly damaged in use.



23.85mm diameter (external), 10.23 mm internal diameter. Thickness 8.25 mm at thickest part to 6mm at narrowest. 20.2g



Similar rings have been discovered as part of late Bronze Age hoards (see for example: (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, plate 152; YORYM-15AA2D/2014-T442, the latter noting the possibility ""that the ring was a fitting on the haft of a socketed axe"" perhaps explaining why these rings are often found as part of socketed axe assemblages). The PAS database record for for WILT-1A5240 includes the suggestion that rings of this form may have been part of a chain from which a cauldron or other vessel was suspended, or part of the handles of a sheet-metal cauldron (citing: Gerloff 2010, Pl. 17, 7b; Pl.32, 14a; Pl. 33, 14f-h; Pl. 34, 15d, Pl. 54, 33c and Pl. 66, 37g). This record also notes that the ring may be a form of harness ring (see Note below). Other examples recorded on the PAS database include: LIN-4EE61E; HAMP-6F9658; NARC-5B60BD; WILT-30BB4B; LANCUM-D8A073 etc.



(Note: The possibility that this ring may have been an early Lewis (2015, 77:) form of Type (i) Plain round Terret ring (excavated examples from secure contexts dating from the 5th century BC to the mid-2nd century BC) was considered. However, Lewis states that this Type is usually made of iron, or iron with a copper-alloy sheath (ibid, 87) thus, and given the relatively small size, an earlier form of Bronze age ring was the preferred interpretation.)



References:

Gerloff, S., Northover, J.P., 2010. Atlantic cauldrons and buckets of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Western Europe: with a review of comparable vessels from Central Europe and Italy, Prähistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung II. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart.

Lewis, A.S.G., 2015. Iron age and Roman-era vehicle terrets from western and central Britain: an interpretive study. School of Archaeology and Ancient History - University of Leicester. (PhD thesis)

Schmidt, P.K., Burgess, C., 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. C.H.Beck.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-20T00:00:00Z,2019-01-20T00:00:00Z,,,20.2,,23.85,8.25,,1,Sara Gibson,Sara Gibson,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Wall,NY9671,From finder,55.03350513,-2.06411549,DUR-404CEB,,DUR404CEB.jpg,"complete, cast, Roman copper alloy harness ring (terret ring)",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/saragibson/DUR404CEB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1072969.jpg
954719,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1400,1100,"A cast copper alloy palstave dating to the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1400 BC - 1150 BC.



The palstave is slender in form, tapering from the broad and low stop to the flared cutting edge. The butt is relatively long and slim, and would once have had ridges on either side, although these have been damaged post depositionally and are now reduced to slight raised areas on either side of the butt. Similarly, on one side the base of a loop is just visible, but the loop is now destroyed. On both faces, at the point where where the butt meets the stop there is a small horizontal groove, but it is not clear whether this is part of the design or the result of damage. The object is covered in a dark green patina, although some areas of the original brownish colour survive with pocks and scores in the surface indicative of damage.



It is similar to IOW-8A6D18, but NMS-1719F0 is a better parallel which is in far superior condition and has the loop surviving.



Measurements: 129.2mm length 38.9mm width,15.8mm thickness.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-01T00:00:00Z,2019-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,15.2,129.2,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,Devon,Mid Devon,Clayhidon,ST1615,From finder,50.92831346,-3.19661323,DEV-529E52,,DEV529E52.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV529E52.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1070293.jpg
954867,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy Bronze Age spearhead (c. 1500-800 BC). The fragment is a small part of the head towards the now missing tip, with a pronounced midrib. The fragment is very slender, lozenge-form in cross-section and tapers slightly towards one of the broken ends. All of the edges are damaged and abraded, and there are several patches of corrosion and lamination on the main surfaces. The fragment measures 22.1mm in length, a maximum of 9.8mm in width and 5mm in thickness, and weighs 2.68 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-18T00:00:00Z,2018-12-18T00:00:00Z,,,2.68,,,5,22.1,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Graveley,TL2327,Centred on field,51.92793541,-0.21257945,BH-6551FE,,BH6551FE.jpg,Bronze Age spear head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH6551FE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1059201.jpg
955664,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC) small gold penannular ring, circular in cross-section with cut terminals, the gap between them measuring 1.8mm wide. The circular cross-section measures 3.1mm, narrowing at the terminals to 2.8mm.

The object is oval in overall shape, measuring 14.0mm in length, 12.5mm in width, 3.1mm in max.thickness and weighs 3.56g.","'The penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange' (Mark Lodwick and Mary Davis in record NMGW-04216C; references therein).",3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-05-18T23:00:00Z,2019-05-18T23:00:00Z,2019T504,,3.56,,3.1,3.1,14,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Overton,SU5050,From finder,51.24698882,-1.28503061,HAMP-E74001,,HAMPE74001.jpg,Late Bronze Age penannular ring,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMPE74001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1073020.jpg
955721,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete copper alloy awl / leather working tool of uncertain date, possibly Bronze Age but conceivably Roman or medieval.



Description: The awl is worn and pitted. It tapers from a flat top to a long point. It is circular in cross-section



Measurements: 51.05mm long, 4.37mm thick and 3.4g in weight.



Description: From the PAS website: (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl) Awls are difficult to date but most copper-alloy examples are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and many were probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). They were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.4,,,4.37,51.05,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Shepway,Lympne,TR1235,GPS (from the finder),51.07515028,1.02497179,KENT-E93BF5,,KENTE93BF5.jpg,Awl,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTE93BF5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1058999.jpg
955992,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"A fragment of a probable copper alloy chisel dating to the late Bronze Age (c. 1000-700 BC). The object has a flared, sub-triangular terminal which appears to have been the working end. From here the object tapers to the handle, which flattens out and widens adjacent to the chisel end of the tool. The object then terminates in a worn break. The tool has no decorative features and has a mid to light green patina.



Comparable objects can be seen in Leahy and Lewis (2018: 221-222), where more complete examples from Barnham in Kent and Swinfen and Packington in Staffordshire have been cited. On the PAS database the following tools are also comparable in form: WMID-9089DE; LANCUM-17104C; SOMDOR-C4C660.



The overall dimensions are as follows: 38.46mm in length, 10.89mm in width, 9.95mm in thickness and 9.2g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.2,,,9.95,38.46,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Little Ness,SJ4019,Centred on parish,52.76525057,-2.89065704,WMID-FC7D07,,WMIDFC7D07.jpg,A Bronze Age Chisel,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WMIDFC7D07.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1061173.jpg
956003,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy early palstave (1500-1300 BC): The blade of the palstave is sub-trapezoidal in plan with straight sides and very flared blade tips. The blade edge is abraded, slightly blunt where complete and has notches. Both faces of the blade are decorated with a single rib. The sides of the blade are triangular with a casting seam which has been smoothed, but still forms a slight ridge. There is no loop on the palstave.



The sides of the septum have a more prominent cast seam ridge, and the sides taper towards the butt of the palstave. There is a deep stop on both faces of the septum with a flange running down the sides on each face. The flanges on the side view taper in depth towards the butt. One face at the butt has a deeper possible air hole. The butt is abraded.



The palstave has an incomplete well-developed mottled dark grey patina which is pitted. Where there is a more recent scrape the metal is a shiny grey colour.



The palstave measures 153.44mm long from the blade cutting edge to the butt, 57.46mm wide from blade tip to blade tip, and 27.87mm thick across the stops. It weighs 362g.



The palstave is similar to Figure 21, No. 154 in Savoury (1980). The palstave is an early/primary Group II example which dates to the Middle Bronze Age period, and can be narrowed down to c. 1500-1300 BC.



Savory, H.N. 1980 Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections National Museum of Wales: Cardiff",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-18T23:00:00Z,2019-05-18T23:00:00Z,,,362,,,27.87,153.44,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Fulbrook,SP2613,From finder,51.81503024,-1.62423691,WAW-FCE34D,,WAWFCE34D.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age palstave (profile,plan and profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWFCE34D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1081613.jpg
956058,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy bag-shaped chape dating to the late Bronze Age (c. 1000-800BC). The chape has an oval opening, concave sides and a rounded base. The opening is chipped along one edge and broken away into the body id the chape on the opposing side. The surface is corroded, with a double-ribbed collar running circumferentially just below the opening, and possible inscised circular decoration on the more degraded face of the object.



A similar, more complete, example can be seen is Leahy and Lewis (2018: 332) from Rockbourne in Hampshire. Other comparable chapes recorded on the PAS database include: HAMP-095061; NARC-5DEF37; and DOR-BD9AED. Webley (2005) states that this type of chape is associated with the 'carp's tongue complex' of south-east England and dates to the Ewart Park metalworking phase.



The overall dimensions are as follows: 22.58mm in length, 31.86mm in width, 9.53mm in thickness and 12.43g in weight.



Reference:



Webley, R (2005) NARC-5DEF37: A BRONZE AGE SCABBARD



Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/97000



[Accessed: 30 May 2019 14:53:27]",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.43,,,9.53,22.58,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Trysull and Seisdon,SO8395,From finder,52.55257432,-2.25215405,WMID-FE1BCA,,WMIDFE1BCA.jpg,A Bronze Age Scabbard Chape,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WMIDFE1BCA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1061172.jpg
956747,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-1000,"A complete and hardly worn cast copper alloy late Middle Bronze Age/early Late Bronze Age palstave axehead of unlooped type. There is not much difference in width between septum and blade; the particular narrowness of the blade suggests an ancillary use as a chisel. The low flanges are slightly abraded with a small dent in one side. Just beyond the stop ridge on either side is plano-convex indentation. The blade end of the palstave widens from the stop ridge towards the cutting edge while reducing in thickness. The cutting edge is crescentic with slightly expanded and curved tips; the blade edge itself is bevelled on each side and narrow to a thin, sharp cutting edge. The casting seams along the edge of the palstave have been filed; pitting along the seam appears to have been filled with a molten bronze. Hammer-marks are visible along both sides.

The palstave dates to the late Middle Bronze Age or early Late Bronze Age, most likely within the late Taunton or possibly Penard metalwork assemblages, that is c. 1250-1000 BC, corresponding with Needham Period 5-6, Burgess metalworking phase IX - X. It can be compared with narrow bladed palstaves from the Sidlesham hoard, now in Chichester Museum (Rowlands 1976, Vol. 2, p. 269/pl. 8; ref. 148, especially 148.3); Rowlands classifies them as Class 1 narrow bladed palstaves. In discussing the form (ibid., Vol. 1, pp. 36-38), Rowlands notes they are common in early Late Bronze Age hoards in Southern Britain. At the time, the origin of these palstaves was thought to be Northern France.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,196,,,19.4,160,1,Anni Byard,Anni Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Wendlebury,SP5619,From a paper map,51.86677597,-1.18810963,OXON-67519D,,,,,,,
956988,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,450,"A possible copper alloy bead, probably Bronze Age - Roman in date, 1200 BC- AD.450. The object comprises a penannular ring formed by bending a strip of copper alloy round on itself until the ends meet. The band is D shaped in cross section. There is no visible exterior decoration and the surface is green an pitted. The object has been made by bending the strip but not around a former as the interior is not a uniform shape. Beads such as this have a number of uses, from hair ornaments, nose or earrings to simple suspended beads.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-19T23:00:00Z,,,,2.28,,14.09,3.06,,1,Edwin C Wood,Edwin C Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Leckhampstead,SP7336,GPS (from the finder),52.01763119,-0.93765331,BUC-7C0975,,BUC7C0975.jpg,Bronze Age to Roman bead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC7C0975.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1069770.jpg
957031,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A perhaps incomplete Middle Bronze Age (1500-1150 BC) palstave with extensive surface loss and perhaps missing an original loop, or perhaps of an unlooped variety.

The butt end is narrow (perhaps through wear), measuring 13.6mm wide and 6.1mm thick, expanding to the stop ridge (25.4mm wide and 23.5mm thick) which appears to overhang slightly on each face. The line of the butt end meets in a gentle curve at this point.

Below the blade flares from the stop ridge to the cutting edge, 32.1mm wide, perhaps curving outwards slightly just above.

The object has a thick light green crust largely lost in places to reveal a dark grey colour beneath. It measures 134.7mm in length, 32.1mm in max.width (at the cutting edge), 23.5mm in max.thickness (at the stop ridge) and weighs 152g (to nearest 2g).","When originally discovered the finder reports that the axhead was in sulphurous-smelling wet salt-water mud. He kept it in a sealed, wet environment which lead a month later to severe deterioration of the surface crust. Claire Woodhead, Conservator, Hampshire Cultural Trust, comments '[The] surface crust is unusual; brittle and porous. It is unclear how much metal remains in core. There is a possibility that copper sulphides have reacted with the water to form sulphates (i.e. sulphuric acid) which may have contributed to decay' (June 2019). The object has been air-dried and the flakes of crust reattached wherever possible, as evidenced in the 'after' photos attached to this record.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-01T23:00:00Z,2019-05-01T23:00:00Z,,,152,,,23.5,134.7,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Havant,Bedhampton,SU6905,GPS (from the finder),50.84042241,-1.02141351,HAMP-7DAF44,,HAMP7DAF44d.JPG,Middle Bronze Age palstave (after conservation),Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP7DAF44d.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1062074.jpg
957913,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Incomplete and unusually large Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl with probable pointed end missing and tapering square to rectangular-section tang, slight damage at end. Extant length 73.5mm. Maximum width 7mm. Weighs 7.51g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-19T00:00:00Z,2019-04-14T23:00:00Z,,,7.51,,,,73.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7303,From a paper map,52.59725193,0.5528517,NMS-FB5C83,,21647_FB5C83_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/21647_FB5C83_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154599.jpg
958018,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"A fragment of a large cast copper alloy Bronze Age axehead, probably of flat type and dating to the Early Bronze Age (c. 2200-1900 BC). The axehead is 57.8mm in length and flares out from 31.5mm to 42.7mm with a lenticular to sub rectangular cross section 9.2mm thick. Much of the surface as well as the cutting edge has been lost to corrosion; the butt has broken off in antiquity.","Possibly a broad butt 'Migdale' type (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-44). For a more complete example on the database see KENT-D7B811.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,100.75,,,9.2,57.8,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Fernhurst,SU9127,From finder,51.03516617,-0.70355117,SUR-0C722F,,SUR0C722F.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR0C722F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1061122.jpg
958113,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy tanged chisel dating to the late Bronze Age (c. 1150 - 800 BC). The chisel has a tang with a rectangular cross section which has broken 13.4mm from a transverse collar. This collar is sub-oval in cross-section and is 10.2mm wide. The blade itself expands from 6.0mm wide at the collar to 11.9mm wide at the cutting edge which has lost one side. The side profile of the blade is slightly curved, although it is not possible to tell if this is an original feature.","Tanged chisels of this type are uncommon finds; examples recorded on the database include BH-49EAD8, NMS-5059F9, SUR-E710D7 and BERK-52E8C3.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-04-13T23:00:00Z,,,,9.87,,,8.8,50.7,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Surrey,Mole Valley,Bookham South,TQ1253,From finder,51.26516247,-0.39608533,SUR-101EF6,,SUR101EF6.jpg,Tanged chisel,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR101EF6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1061260.jpg
958213,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"
A complete copper-alloy awl of probable late Bronze Age date. The object is undecorated, round in cross section in the middle and tapers to points at either end.
",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-09T00:00:00Z,,,,2.58,,,,63.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Tidcombe and Fosbury,SU3056,From finder,51.3023369,-1.57105832,SUR-21D676,,SUR21D676.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR21D676.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1061166.jpg
958443,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1650,"A complete cast copper alloy flat axehead of Early to Middle Bronze Age date, 2150-1150 BC. The axehead has a flanged edge and a rounded butt. Its body is of equal width until it flares abruptly outwards to create the wide crescentric cutting edge. There is a fair amount of pitted corrosion at the blade and butt of the axehead where it has become abraded and worn. The axehead has a green to brown patina.



The axehead is 95mm in length, 50mm maximum width, 15mm maximum thickness, and weighs 129g.



Similar axeheads can be seen on the PAS database including LVPL-613611 and LVPL-60EFC4.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-20T23:00:00Z,,,,129,,,15,95,1,Guido Cordoni,Guido Cordoni,,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Enborne,SU4364,,51.37343547,-1.38362977,PUBLIC-392A56,,ascia.jpg,FLAT AXEHEAD,Guido Cordoni,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/guidocordoni/ascia.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1061480.jpg
958543,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-750,"A complete late Bronze Age gold penannular C-section bracelet with expanded terminals (c. 1000 BC-c. 750 BC). Treasure case no. 2019 T588.



This bracelet is in good condition but is slightly misshapen and has some modern scuff marks. There is an old fracture on one edge of the band.



Length: 86.8mm; width: 51.7mm; width of band: 9.3mm; width of terminals: 11.4mm; thickness of band: 2.4mm. Weight: 43.23g.



Similar bracelets have been found throughout southern England, Taylor 1980; Eogan 1994). Eogan (1994) has noted nine different varieties in the British group and this bracelet, with its C-shaped body and expanded terminals, coincides with Eogan's (1994) Type no. 3. Two bracelets from the Tisbury Hoard, Wiltshire, are similar to this Isle of Wight example. (Eogan 1994, 85, fig. 38, pl. 11, no. 4 and 5).



Compare with similar bracelets from Freshwater, Isle of Wight: IOW-FA17F8 (2007 T490) and Foxley civil parish, Norfolk: NMS-1FE356 (2005 T347).



Taylor, J.J., 1981 Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.



Eogan, G. (1994). 'The Accomplished Art: gold and gold-working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c. 2300-650 BC)'. Oxford: Oxbow Monograph 42.",In terms of age and as the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.,3,Gold,,Declared Treasure but returned to Finder as Museum unable to acquire,Metal detector,2019-05-25T23:00:00Z,2019-05-25T23:00:00Z,2019T588,,43.23,,,2.4,86.8,1,Frank Basford,Frank Basford,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Shalfleet,SZ4087,GPS (from the finder),50.68128931,-1.43520031,IOW-65AD93,,2019T588.jpg,Bronze Age: Gold Penannular C-Section Bracelet. Treasure case no. 2019 T588,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fbasford/2019T588.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063162.jpg
958650,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead with non-ancient breaks and recent scuffing. A casting seam runs the full extant length, 20mm. Extant width 24.7mm. Weight 6.97g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-30T23:00:00Z,2017-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,6.97,,,,20,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Loddon,TM3497,Centred on field,52.52059877,1.44772303,NMS-76988E,,21872_76988E_LBA_Axehead.jpg,Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/21872_76988E_LBA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1082274.jpg
958727,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2100,410,"A copper alloy artefact, probably an awl of Bronze Age to Roman date, about 2100 BC - AD 410. It is sub-cylindrical, tapering to a broken point at both ends, and has a cross-section which is octagonal. One half is of larger diameter than the other. The narrower end may be of more square cross-section, but is obscured by corrosion concretion. It is 59.5mm long and 5.5mm in diameter. It weighs 6.25g. Compare BH-50C527.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-09-24T23:00:00Z,2016-09-24T23:00:00Z,,,6.25,,5.5,,59.5,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Messingham,SE8903,Generated from computer mapping software,53.51615199,-0.65923827,SWYOR-78E13F,,SWYOR78E13FBronzeAgeAwl.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR78E13FBronzeAgeAwl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063788.jpg
958770,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of cast Bronze Age object, probably from a spear of Mid-Late Bronze Age date.



Description: The fragment is irregularly shaped with very worn breaks. It has a vertically running central rib. The surface and breaks are heavily patainted and pitted from corrosion making its' exact features uncertain



Measurements: 20.68mm long, 19.78mm wide, 6.41mm thick (including rib, 5.05mm without) 8.81g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.81,,,6.41,20.68,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Medway,Medway,Cliffe and Cliffe Woods,TQ7474,Generated from computer mapping software,51.43827237,0.50207738,KENT-7ADF28,,KENT7ADF28.jpg,Bronze Age weapon fragment,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT7ADF28.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1061755.jpg
958831,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl comprising a sub-rectangular-sectioned tang and blade. The point is blunt, perhaps through wear rather than post-loss abrasion. Length 47.7mm, width 6.2mm, weight 6.14g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-21T00:00:00Z,2019-04-16T23:00:00Z,,,6.14,,,,47.7,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,Breckland,Roudham and Larling,TL9789,Centred on field,52.46339365,0.89844545,NMS-8B1DA3,,60474_8B1DA3_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60474_8B1DA3_LBA_Awl_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156088.jpg
958897,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Bronze Age spearhead, dating to C. 1600-800 BC.



The fragment is subrectangular in shape and lozenge shaped in cross section, slightly narrowing towards the tip, although the tip is missing, having been cut off in antiquity. The centre has a raised, longitudinal midrib on both faces, the exterior of a hollowed socket running through the blade. The blade edges are worn, the rest of the spear has been broken, possibly by hammering, towards the socketed end. Corrosion is light and the surfaces have a dark green patina.



Measurements: Length: 28.02 mm , Width: 27.19 mm, Thickness: 8.17 mm and Weight: 10.83 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-21T00:00:00Z,,,,10.83,,,8.17,28.02,1,Carol Bibby,Carol Bibby,South East,Kent,Sevenoaks,Farningham,TQ5567,From finder,51.38089198,0.22588884,KENT-8C3123,,KENT8C3123.jpg,Bronze Age Spear fragment,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT8C3123.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1062268.jpg
958938,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,Incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age copper alloy knife with triangular blade. All bar a slight stump of the tang is missing. A very slender flat-sectioned example (1.5mm thick). The break is not recent. Extant length 52.5mm. Width 19.5mm. Weight 5.18g. c.1300 - c. 800 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-21T00:00:00Z,2019-04-19T23:00:00Z,,,5.18,,,1.5,52.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Roudham and Larling,TL9789,From a paper map,52.46339365,0.89844545,NMS-8D09D1,,19933_8D09D1_MBA_Knife_ILL.jpg,Incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age knife,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/19933_8D09D1_MBA_Knife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154592.jpg
958961,Chape,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy tongue-shaped chape, 39mm in length, 16mm wide, 6mm thick with a weight of 8.71g.



The object is sub rectangular in form and cross section and represents the lower part of a scabbard chape.  It has a rounded , swollen lower edge and its only decoration is a central linear ridge running up each face and terminating in a horizontal projection running along its base. Its upper edge is very damaged and in places it is very thin. 



The object belongs to the Wilburton phase (1150-800BC)  and similar scabbard chapes can be seen in Savory 1980, page 185, figure 37, number 56. These chapes are part of the Guilsfield hoard, and have been dated to the late Bronze Age. Similar records on the database include GLO-7C86FA, SOMDOR-9ADF54, BERK-1D8A6E and BUC-E3E35D.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2019-05-01T23:00:00Z,,,8.71,,,6,39,1,Wendy Scott,Joyce Lee,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Sileby,SK6014,Centred on field,52.72033371,-1.11313448,LEIC-8DC4E1,,LEIC8DC4E1.jpg,Late Bronze Age Wilburton copper alloy tongue-shaped chape,Leicestershire County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jmlarch84/LEIC8DC4E1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1061887.jpg
959151,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1150,"Copper-alloy fragment from a dagger of early to middle Bronze Age date (c. 2150 - 1150 BC). The fragment is the pointed end from a lenticular-sectioned blade. The broken end is abraded. It has a very slight mid-rib and bevelled edges. The edges are worn and chipped and it has a green patina. The object is 79.27mm in length, 26.73mm in width and 3.03mm in thickness. It weighs 24.89g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,24.89,,,3.03,79.27,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,,Cumbria,South Lakeland,Ulverston,SD2878,Centred on parish,54.19268653,-3.10499478,LANCUM-A013FC,,LANCUMA013FC.jpg,Copper-alloy dagger fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUMA013FC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1062229.jpg
959547,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500 BC to c. 1150 BC) cast copper alloy side looped socketed spearhead. The spearhead socket is broadly an elongated sub-triangular in plan and profile with a leaf-shaped blade. The socket is almost complete and is circular at the base and tapers towards the blade. At the lower edge of the socket, on the exterior the surface is slightly off-set, therefore the external diameter of the socket becomes slightly smaller.



On the exterior edge of the socket, on either side, there is an integral loop which has oval perforations. A trace of a casting seam is visible on one side of the socket only.



The blade of the spear is leaf-shaped which has a pronounced midrib on both faces. One midrib has a slight recent scrape revealing fresh metal. The edges of the blade are slightly abraded thereby losing some of their cutting edge. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead.



The surface of the spearhead has an incomplete mid brown patina, which is lighter on the blade than the socket.



The spearhead measures 148.87mm in length, has a maximum width (across the blade) 25.78mm and maximum thickness of 17.76mm (across the socket). The depth of the socket is not know as still partially filled with soil. With the soil insert, the spearhead weighs 56.49g. There is no evidence for the preservation of organic material within the socket.



Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). Two similar examples of the overall style of spearhead are illustrated in Savory: Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections ref: 337:2 Nantcwnlle, Cards which was discovered in an excavation of a burial mound in association with a Pygmy Cup. The metal of this example has been analysed and found to be of Cemmaes metal dated to the period 1400-1200 BC.



The loops on socketed spearheads would have originally been used to help attach and secure the spearhead to the wooden shaft. They also may have been used as suspension loops for some form of tassel or decoration.",See also Davis Group 6 (2017: 2).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-01T00:00:00Z,2019-05-30T23:00:00Z,,,56.49,,,17.76,148.87,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Little Ness,SJ4019,Centred on parish,52.76525057,-2.89065704,WAW-C9E8FD,,WAWC9E8FD.jpg,"Bronze Age spearhead (plan, profile, plan and profile).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAWC9E8FD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1062388.jpg
959613,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1700,"Fragment of Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axe, the lower end and blade missing. Most of the surface missing with a patch surviving on one face (49 x 25mm), decorated with transverse rows of multiple oblique lines forming a crude and somewhat botched attempt at a herringbone pattern, and with traces or ghosts of the same on the other, very worn and corroded, face . The break is worn and ancient. Megaw and Hardy 1938, Type I. Extant length 75mm. Extant width 31mm. Thickness 10mm. Weight 107.45g. c. 2150 to - c. 1700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-27T00:00:00Z,2019-04-23T23:00:00Z,,,107.45,,,10,75,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Beeston with Bittering,TF9116,From a paper map,52.70795411,0.82580202,NMS-CCB807,,61387_CCB807_BA_Axehead.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/61387_CCB807_BA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1092834.jpg
959763,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"An incomplete Brinze Age copper alloy palstave, probably dating to c. 1500-1100 BC.  The butt end of the palstave is missing, with only the blade surviving between the stop ridge and cutting edge. The sides of the blade are roughly concave, flairing outwards towards the cutting edge, which is fairly straight and does not have flaring wing tips. The stop ridge is sub-square in cross section, measuring 22.3mm by 20.6mm, transitioning into a sub-rectangular cross section at the blade. There is a shield shaped depression on either face of the blade, with a central reserved rib, which is continuous with a midrib running down the centre of the blade. There is a possible scar from a lost loop on one side below the stop ridge, however due to abrasion this is tentative. 



Length: 80.6mm; Maximum width of blade: 41.4mm; Minimum width: 22.4mm; Maximum thickness: 20.6mm; Minimum thickness: 6.8mm; weight 177.62g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,177.62,,,20.6,80.6,1,Alix Smith,Alix Smith,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Bramshaw,SU2214,From finder,50.9250398,-1.6883584,WILT-0AB651,,WILT0AB651.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT0AB651.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1072186.jpg
959832,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"A Bronze Age copper-alloy blade fragment, probably dating to c. 2,400-800 BC. The fragment is sub-triangular in plan, tapering to a worn point at one end and truncated by an old break at the other. The framgent is roughly flat in cross section, tapering slightly into the edges but with a distinct central longitudinal ridge. 



Dimensions: 43.4mm long, 21.9mm at its widest point, 3.5mm thick. Weight 10.6g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.6,,,3.5,43.4,1,Alix Smith,Alix Smith,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Whiteparish,SU2123,From finder,51.00600639,-1.70206932,WILT-0C799A,,WILT0C799A.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT0C799A.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1072183.jpg
959868,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-800,"A fragment an unidentified object of possible Bronze Age date, 2350 BC - 800 BC. It is a flat sub-rectangular piece of copper alloy, with tapering sides at the long edges and probable breaks for the short edges.It tapers in thickness, and there is a slight hint of a thickened mid-rib on one face. The long edges are chamfered, but have no surface patina surviving, making it impossible to know if they were original edges. The plate is too thick and the edges too abrupt to be part of a blade. The short edges are more uneven, and again, have no surface patina surviving, apart from one small speck in the middle of the shortest edge. They appear to be broken edges, and the patina which has mostly flaked off, could have developed since the breakage.



On both faces, there are patches of a more reflective grey material, perhaps a white metal rich alloy. The rest of the metal is dark grey where the patina survives, and light green and textured like fine sandpaper where is does not survive. It is 43.5mm long, 34.9mm wide and 6.6mm thick. It weighs 29.55g.



The possible Bronze Age date is given because it comes from the same field as SWYOR-107F44, a Taplow rapier. However, a prehistoric date is by no means certain. The object has similarities to Medieval cooking vessel legs, though it is more worn, thinner and has no evidence of sooting. There are several Medieval finds from the same square kilometer.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-01T00:00:00Z,2019-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,29.55,,,6.6,43.5,1,Jack Coulthard,Jack Coulthard,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Coniston Cold,SD9055,From finder,53.99094478,-2.15400806,SWYOR-0D5DC3,,PAS_3377_OD53C_BA.jpg,Possible Bronze Age unidentified object,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/PAS_3377_OD53C_BA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063555.jpg
959877,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,43,"A probable Late Bronze Age to Iron Age copper alloy button, dating to c. 900 BC - AD 43. The object is discoidal, with two concentric circular recessed bands and a pellet at the centre. A short, downward curving hook projects from the reverse, this being rectangular in cross section. Small worn knops project from the edge of the plate at 2 and 4 o'clock, aligned with the hook pointing toward 6. 



Dimensions: diameter: 20.1mm; thickness; 1.9mm (7.5mm inc. loop); weight: 3g.



cf. BH-E9F0E9 and WMID-498A82 on this database. Read (2005: 1) no. 2, described as a button-like object.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,20.1,1.9,,1,Alix Smith,Alix Smith,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Downton,SU2123,From finder,51.00600639,-1.70206932,WILT-0DE04E,,WILT0DE04E.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT0DE04E.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1072178.jpg
960130,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy early palstave (1500-1300 BC): The blade of the palstave is sub-trapezoidal in plan with slightly concave sides, and very flared blade tips. The blade edge is abraded, and slightly blunt where complete. The cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical probably occurring due to use not corrosion. Both faces of the blade are decorated with a trident motif whose single ridge which tapers towards the cutting edge. The sides of the blade are triangular with a casting seam which has been smoothed, but still forms a slight ridge. On one side face, at the junction of the blade and septum there is an integral loop.



The sides of the septum have a more prominent cast seam ridge, and the sides taper towards the butt of the palstave. There is a deep stop on both faces of the septum with a flange running down the sides on each face. The flanges on the side view taper in depth towards the butt. The butt is a slightly broken edge and obliquely angled therefore, but the break is not too recent. The floor of the rib-stop is corroded, on both side, which does not match the patina covering the remaining surface of the palstave.



The palstave has an incomplete well-developed shiny blue-green coloured patina.



The palstave measures 142.15mm long from the blade cutting edge to the butt, 59.90mm wide from blade tip to blade tip, and 30.26mm thick across the stops. It weighs 370g.



The palstave is similar to Figure 22, No. 166 in Savoury (1980). The palstave is an early/primary Group III example which dates to the Middle Bronze Age period, and can be narrowed down to c. 1500-1300 BC.



Savory, H.N. 1980 Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections National Museum of Wales: Cardiff","
The landowners are very kindly donating the palstave to Museums Worcestershire.
",3,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2018-01-01T00:00:00Z,2018-12-05T00:00:00Z,,,370,,,30.26,142.15,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Hartlebury,SO8469,From finder,52.31886619,-2.23615162,WAW-33F1B7,,WAW33F1B7.jpg,"Bronze Age palstave (profile, plan, profile, plan and x2 terminals).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW33F1B7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1062965.jpg
960305,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1725,-1500,"Early Bronze Age flanged axehead



The cast axehead is complete (with a length of 87.2mm and a weight of 129.3g) but has lost much of the original surface. The butt is straight and thin (with a width of 17mm and a thickness of 0.8mm). The sides are near-straight and parallel as far as the position of the bevel on the faces (where the axe has a width of 21.6mm, a thickness of 11.5mm and a maximum depth, including flanges of 14.9mm). The sides are decorated with diagonal ridges and are slightly convex and gently rounded across their depths. Below the stop the sides widen gradually before the recurved blade tips (with a blade width of 50.3mm and a blade depth of 21.2mm). The blade edge is crescentic but slightly straightened around its centre, possibly because of wear. The flanges begin just below the butt and have a regular curve before returning to the on the blade. The flanges are comparatively shallow (reaching a maximum height above the septum of 2.6mm). The septum gradually thickens linearly to the position of the bevel (66mm below the butt), which has a slight curve. Beneath the bevel, decorative ridges echo the bevel at the top of the blade. The decoration is only now partially preserved where there is surface preservation but the decoration is likely to have been contained between the flanges on the top of the blade (for 18mm below the stop). The faces of the blade gradually converge towards the edge and slightly convex across their lengths. The surface has patches with a dark-brown patina, with pale-brown areas of surface loss with some both green and blue corrosion.



The height of the flanges (above 1.5mm) and overall form of the axe means it can be confidently classed as a low-flanged axe, datable to the Arreton assemblage (c.1725-1500 cal. BC)/Period 4 of the Early Bronze Age (Needham 1996; Needham et al. 1997). The axe can be classed as Type Arreton (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 72-75) or Class 5 (following Needham 1983; forthcoming



Needham (1983, 198) lists 179 Class 5 axes from southern Britain, indicating the broad currency of this axe type. In Wales, approximately 26 examples are currently known from both hoards and isolated contexts, with recent discoveries rapidly changing the image of how these axes were circulated. Class 5 axes are present in hoards from Menai Bridge, Anglesey (Savory 1980, 115, No.259), Llanover, Monmouthshire (NMGW-3F3BBC) and Wenvoe, Vale of Glamorgan (NMGW-0B9997). Single finds are also known from Margam, Neath Port Talbot (Savory 1976; 1980, 102, No.122), Bangor Is-y-coed, Wrexham (CPAT-9DFD01) and Llanbradach Pwllypant, Caerphilly (NMGW-CD7412) and Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan (NMGW-C21D78)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-05-23T23:00:00Z,,,,129.3,14.9,,11.5,87.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Powys,Powys,Felin-Fach,SO1031,,51.97015892,-3.31151476,NMGW-47B802,,EBAflangedaxe.jpg,Early Bronze Age flanged axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/EBAflangedaxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063201.jpg
960310,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Small butt-end fragment of a Middle Bronze Age flanged palstave. Worn oblique fracture, pitted dark green patination, damaged edges. Extant length 32mm. Extant width 25mm. Weight 24.60g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-04-25T23:00:00Z,2019-04-25T23:00:00Z,,,24.6,,,,32,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Dereham,TF9914,From a paper map,52.68711934,0.94284499,NMS-480C5A,,44763_480C5A_MBA_PalstaveAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Small butt-end fragment of a Middle Bronze Age flanged palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/44763_480C5A_MBA_PalstaveAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156058.jpg
960311,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1000,"Late Bronze Age dirk of Penard or Wallington metalworking Industry, dated to c. 1300 - 1000BC



The cast dirk is complete but now distorted across the mid blade (with a distorted length of 282mm, a straightened length of approximately 288mm and a weight of 94.4g). The butt is flat-topped, slightly angled (23.0mm wide and 1.8mm thick). There are two rivet notches beneath the butt and on the sides (of 8.5mm diameter, with their midpoints 9.6mm beneath the butt and giving a minimum butt width of 17.5mm). There is no clear hilt mark but there is the suggestion of a curving mark from the top of the blade on the sides and arcing down onto the midrib. Beneath the rivet notches, the sides of the butt are straight and near parallel (with a width of 10.2mm where the butt has a thickness of 4.6mm), before converging at the top of the blade (with a width of 17mm and where the dirk has a maximum thickness of 5.0mm). The sides of the blade are near-straight and gradually convergent before narrowing to the tip. The blade has a flattened mid-section rib (6.5mm wide). The blade facets are concave (4mm - 6mm wide) and the original blade edge is eroded and now lost. There is differential wear on one side, above the tip (for approximately 10cm above the tip). The dirk has a black patina, well preserved over much of the blade but lost at the position of the interior bend, perhaps suggesting the damage to the blade occurred post-deposition. Otherwise the blade has a grey-green to pale-brown corrosion.



The weapon is of Group IV and the hilt form and blade profile would suggest a Type Appleby dirk, as defined by Burgess and Gerloff (1981, p. 74)[1]. The rectangular form to the butt with upright sides would further suggest 'Variant Barnes' (ibid. p 76-7) of Type Appleby. However it is unclear whether the notches are cast into the hilt or the weapon was damaged and reworked from rivet holes. If the notches were original, then it may suggest a slightly later weapon of Type Stuntey, or similar, although these types often have more trapezoidal butt forms.







[1] Burgess C.B. & Gerloff S., 1981; The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IV. Band 7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-06-17T23:00:00Z,,,,94.4,,,1.8,282,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Castle,SS6491,,51.60137197,-3.96507973,NMGW-4811C9,,dirk_up.jpg,Late Bronze Age bronze dirk of Penard or Wallington metalworking,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/dirk_up.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063193.jpg
960315,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1000,"Middle to Late Bronze Age Group IV dirk, possibly of Burgess & Gerloff's (1981)[1] Group IV, possibly of Type Stuntney and of Penard or Wallington metalworking Industry, dated to c. 1300 - 1000BC



The cast dirk is near-complete, with some peripheral damage (with a length of 258mm and a weight of 77.5g). The top of the butt is flat and thin, with curved corners (with a butt width of 27.5mm and a thickness of 0.7mm). Beneath the butt the rivet-notches are a little irregular and of V-shaped profile (with a depth of 4.0mm - 4.4mm, a width of 7mm and are 18.8mm apart). Beneath the rivet-notches the sides widen to the shoulders, with some damage (with a width of 34.0mm, where the butt is 4.1mm thick). The edge at the top of the blade has a convex curve (for 13mm) before the near-straight edge, which gradually converges towards the tip (with a width of 18mm below the curved sides). The blade is thickest at the top of the blade (with a thickness of 5.0mm) and has a flat-topped midrib, curving from the shoulder and gradually narrowing until it defines a rib and produces a lozengic section to the blade (c. 35mm above the tip). There is no vertical hilt ridge but there is a hilt mark evident on one face, which has a slight convex curve from just below the shoulders. The blade has a gentle concave profile, each side of the midrib and sections of the blade edge are preserved. Much of the damage to the blade edge damage appears to be more recent although a few of the notches are patinated. Subtle striations are discernible, mostly running along the blade edge. The surface has a dark-brown patina with some pitting and bright-green corrosion. The top of the butt has rounded hammering ridges from working and thinning and the butt has considerably less surface finishing than the blade.





[1] Burgess C.B. & Gerloff S., 1981; The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IV. Band 7.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-10-27T23:00:00Z,,,,77.5,,,0.7,258,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Powys,Powys,,,,,,NMGW-4833FE,,dirk.jpg,Late Bronze Age bronze dirk of Penard or Wallington metalworking,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/dirk.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063190.jpg
960333,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, vertical casting seam. Extant length 18mm. Extant width 25.5mm. Weight 6.53g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-04-07T23:00:00Z,2019-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,6.53,,,,18,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Foulsham,TG0325,From a paper map,52.78438563,1.00873576,NMS-49E053,,22972_49E053_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/22972_49E053_LBA_SocketedAxeFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154875.jpg
960344,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Fragment of a cast Bronze Age spear tip, likely dating from c. 1500 - 800 BC. Both the terminal tip and the base are now missing, though some of the mid-portion remains. The fragment is circular in section at the centre, with flanges extending to either side to form the flattened edges of the spear. The centre of the spear appears to be hollow, but is now filled with material that has been heavily compacted. The circular section gives the fragment a distinctive raised mid-rib.



The surface patina is dark green and abraded in places.



Dimensions: weight: 8.43g, length: 25.9mm, width: 20.7, thickness: 8.6mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.43,,,8.6,25.9,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Epping Forest,Matching,TL4910,From finder,51.7688531,0.15796238,ESS-4A5641,,ESS4A5641.jpg,Fragment of a cast Bronze Age spear tip,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESS4A5641.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063207.jpg
960683,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"A fragment of a copper alloy axehead, possibly of early Bronze Age date (c 2200-1900 BC). The fragment is the butt end of the axehead and seems to have been of flat type, with no side flanges. The axehead would have had a long body with lenticular side profile and rectangular cross section and would probably have widened into a curved, splayed cutting edge.","For an example of a complete object of this type, see LANCUM-2BBD52.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-29T23:00:00Z,,,,34.92,,,,28.7,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Heytesbury,ST9037,From finder,51.13218602,-2.14429304,SUR-9EF342,,SUR9EF342.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR9EF342.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063670.jpg
960706,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast copper alloy casting jet or ""gate"" with two stumps of sprue with sub-circular cross section. This type of object is the result of casting into a two piece mould and represents waste where molten bronze solidifies at the entrance of the mould around the gate and the two casting channels. Casting waste is difficult to date, but fragments with this shape are characteristic of the casting of  socketed axes of late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC) type.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-28T00:00:00Z,,,,22.03,16,,,27.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Greywell,SU7150,From finder,51.24476547,-0.98420582,SUR-9F774B,,SUR9F774B.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR9F774B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063676.jpg
960754,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,2500,1200,"An incomplete copper-alloy arrowhead or spearhead of the Bronze Age date (2500-1200 BC).  The tip and socket of the object are missing and the retained portion consists of the central body. There is a central ventral and dorsal rib. An insufficient portion of the arrowhead/spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed.





The metal is a dark brown in colour with a pitted patina.





Length: 15.02mm, Width: 13.78mm, Thickness: 6.03mm, Weight: 3.6g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.6,,,6.03,15.02,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Clipston,SP7183,From finder,52.44036698,-0.95693966,NARC-A08C27,,NARCA08C27.jpg,NARC-A08C27 : Aroowhead : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCA08C27.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1069560.jpg
960788,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Iron Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-100,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy rounded moustache-shaped object of late Bronze Age or Iron Age date.



Description: The object is cast in one piece comprising a narrowed body with two sweeping swollen drop shaped arms which tapers towards pointed terminals. The upper centre of the body has a recess.  The object is decorated with grooves, running top to botom of each arm creating a ribbed effect. It has a mottled light grey brown and light green patination. Part of the central body has some advanced green verdigris.



Measurements: 20.63mm long, 18.23mm wide, 10.58mm thick and 10.2g in weight.



Discussion: A number of these so called 'moustache' shaped objects of have now been recovered, with distinct variants identifiable. Examples with a shape very similar to this example have been recorded on the PAS at NARC-39B60B, NARC-2C32D7 and BERK-C3E5A3, with One example was found in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117).



They are thought to date from the middle Bronze Age to the late Iron Age. Their function is uncertain, although recess in the body of this example (and in many of the others known) suggests that they were mounted on or below something. This was possibly something such as a dagger handle, although the absence of evidence makes this conjectural. Another suggestion has been a Scabbard Chape, in which case the object would be the other way up. Dr JD Hill formerly of the British Museum suggests that they are Iron Age rather than Bronze Age, but this is yet to be confirmed by excavation of a stratified example.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.2,,,10.58,20.63,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Swale,Selling,TR0357,GPS (from the finder),51.27597124,0.9090905,KENT-A12C41,,KENTA12C41.jpg,Moustache,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTA12C41.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063479.jpg
960997,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-800,1550,"A complete copper alloy Awl or Chisel of Bronze Age to Medieval date (800 BC - AD 1550). The object is sub-rectangular in section and tapers in toward the flattened end. The upper end has a transverse abraded break.



From the PAS website: (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl) Awls are difficult to date but most copper-alloy examples are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and many were probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). 'Awl' is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117).



The metal is dark green in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



Length: 44.14mm, Width: 5.52mm, Thickness: 5.22mm, Weight: 7.2g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.2,,,5.22,44.14,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Leckhampstead,SP7238,From finder,52.03573994,-0.95180252,NARC-B5A721,,NARCB5A721.jpg,NARC-B5A721 : Awl/Chisel : Bronze Age to Medieval,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCB5A721.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063713.jpg
961011,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Plain Pegged Spearhead with flame-shaped blade of Type 11 A - largely complete, two fragments (metal-detector find, number 9)

	




Dimensions: Surviving length approx. 195.0mm; max. blade width 46.6mm; max. blade length approx. 154.0mm; surviving socket length approx. 41.0mm; surviving external diameter of socket at break 25.9mm; depth of socket - unknown, as obscured by concretion; diameter of surviving peg hole approx. 5.7mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 190.2g. 



Dimensions of small socket fragment: max. surviving length 10.3mm; surviving width 7.5mm; thickness 1.5mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 0.4g. 



Combined weight (prior to conservation) 190.6g. 



This is a largely complete Plain Pegged spearhead of bronze, with a flame-shaped blade, which is now missing its lower socket and tip-end. Originally, the spearhead was probably around 220-230mm long. The point of maximum width on this blade is low and the blade edges follow a smooth curve from the blade/socket junction to the spear tip. The spearhead mid-rib is angled, providing a sub-lozengic cross-section. The mid-rib sides have very slightly concave profiles on the lower blade and near where the midrib merges into the top of the socket. The blade has a bevel which is a maximum of 3.5-4.0mm wide, surviving best on the lower blade sides. On one side of the socket, half of a peg-hole survives at the lower break, being approximately 5.7mm in diameter. A small socket wall fragment was detached and embedded within soil remaining inside the socket when reported and this was separated as the excess soil was removed in the conservation laboratory. The spearhead shows evidence of deliberate narrow blade damage in antiquity. On one face and mid-way down the mid-rib, there is an angled narrow blade impact. This has revealed the cavity down the hollow centre of the rib, also causing the whole spearhead blade to have been bent in side-section. Secondly, on the socket, there is evidence of one, possibly two, similar angled impacts with a narrow-bladed weapon or tool, causing a break and distortion in the socket wall. Finally, on one upper blade edge, there is a deep nick in the blade bevel, approximately 1.5mm deep and 1.5-2.0mm wide, which looks to have been made in antiquity. On both sides, there are areas of surface scraping, as if by glancing blows. One of these has revealed fresh bronze, suggesting this damage may be recent. The spearhead has a dark green patina on the blade, merging to brown on the socket. The upper blade surfaces are part covered with green and blue surface corrosion concretions.




Sword blade of Carp's Tongue Type - fragment (metal-detector find 3)



Dimensions: Maximum surviving length 133.2mm; max. blade width 45.5mm; blade width near break 1 42.8mm; blade width near break 2 42.5mm; max. blade thickness 8.7mm; width mid-ridge 14.0-15.0mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 160.0g. 



This is a blade fragment of a bronze straight-sided sword. The sword has a rounded midrib, precisely defined by single grooves, 0.2-0.3mm wide, which follow the outline of the blade. The blade edges are defined by blade bevels, approximately 3.5mm wide. In places, there are striations along the blade bevel, indicating the blade edges were prepared for use. Original blade edges survive in short sections, however the edges and bevels are damaged through fragility and corrosion. Near one of the blade breaks, there is local distortion of the blade, the blade being distinctly bent in side view. This suggests the bending was caused, as pressure was being applied to snap the sword. The blade has a grey-green patina, with areas of blue corrosion surface concretions evident. The concretions are particularly marked and thick on one face (approximately 2.5mm thick), suggesting the blade may have been in direct contact with another bronze artefact in the hoard, as buried.




South Wales Type socketed axe - complete (metal-detector find 8)



Dimensions: Length 101.9mm; blade width 53.4mm; width body below loop 41.6mm; external mouth dimensions 49.1mm (side to side) by 39.4mm (front to back); internal mouth dimensions 34.7mm (side to side) by 26.6mm (front to back); dimensions runner stub (1) 7.2 by 3.7mm, height 0.3mm; dimensions runner scar (1) 6.4mm by 3.2mm; depth of socket approx. 68.0mm; width loop 6.1-6.9mm; weight (prior to conservation) 388.8g. 



A complete, bronze socketed axe with a prominent and out-splayed mouth moulding and a near rectangular shaped body in cross-section. The axe has slightly concave and slightly divergent sides, splaying slightly towards the blade end. The loop descends from the underside of the mouth moulding and is narrow. The runner stubs and scars are barely visible around the mouth, however slight ridges on the front and back sides, and a slight scar on the loop side, suggest that this axe was probably cast using a four-runner casting technology. The exterior outline of the mouth is sub-rectangular and the interior outline is slightly more curved and approaching sub-oval in shape. On one side, on the upper mouth moulding beneath the mouth, there is a slight indent, as if the bronze has been cast slightly above a defined edge in the mould part. Three longitudinal and near parallel ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face, though now partly obscured by surface corrosion deposits. The casting seams are prominent but blunt, suggesting rapid hammering after casting. The blade bevel is largely obscured by corrosion deposits, however there are slight striations both parallel and at right-angles to the blade edge in one small area, suggesting that the axe may have been sharpened for use. On both sides of the axe, there are green and blue patches of corrosion products, while the original surfaces have a grey-green patina. On one lower blade face, there are two small areas of thick blue-green concretions with flattened top surfaces, which may once have attached to the flat face of another artefact placed immediately above or below this axe in the hoard group.




South Wales Type socketed axe - complete (small find number 7)



Dimensions: Length 120.1mm; blade width 55.1mm; width body below loop (including flashes) 47.0mm; width body below loop (excluding flashes) approx. 42.0mm; external mouth dimensions (including flashes) 61.2mm (side to side) by 47.3mm (front to back); internal mouth dimensions 37.0mm (side to side) by 31.6mm (front to back); dimensions runner stubs (1) 9.0 by 3.6mm; height 0.1mm; (2) 8.0 by 4.0mm; height 0.5mm; (3) 9.2 by 4.4mm; height 0.3mm; (4) 9.6 by 3.4mm; height 0.1mm; width loop 4.8-5.2mm; depth of socket approx. 79.0mm; weight (prior to conservation) 458.5g. 



This is a complete and long, slender bronze socketed axe with a prominent out-splayed mouth moulding and a rectangular shaped body in cross-section. This heavy axe has slightly concave and slightly divergent sides and there is no splaying or recurving near the blade edges. The loop is high and narrow, and descends from the mouth moulding. The axe has a four-runner casting technology, the four runner-stubs spaced approximately 90 degree apart around the four sides of the mouth. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are sub-rectangular shaped in plan. Three prominent and longitudinal ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face, extending nearly two-thirds of the way down the axe faces. Though near parallel to each other, they are not quite straight with very slight meanders evident. It is evident that this axe was never prepared for use and in just out of the mould state. The casting flashes down both sides are prominent and very sharp and the loop was never used. The blade edge was never hammered or sharpened for use and there is excess around the mouth top, which was never filed or hammered down. Large areas of the axe's surfaces are covered with blue corrosion products, suggesting that the axe may have been burnt immediately before burial. On one upper face, there is a particularly prominent area of corrosion with flattened upper surfaces, which may once have attached to the flat faces of another artefact placed immediately above or below this axe in the hoard group. The original surfaces of this axe have a grey-green patina.




South Wales Type socketed axe - fragment (metal-detector find 6)



Dimensions: Surviving length 65.6mm; width body below loop 41.7mm; external mouth dimensions 50.2mm (side to side) by 42.4mm (front to back); internal mouth dimensions 35.3mm (side to side) by 29.5mm (front to back); dimensions runner stubs (1) 13.4 by 4.8mm; height 1.3mm; (2) 11.7 by 6.1mm; height 1.5mm; (3) 12.3 by 3.0mm; height 0.2mm; (4) 10.7 by 3.5mm; height 0.1mm; width loop 5.1-6.6mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 135.9g. 



This is a mouth and upper body fragment of a bronze socketed axe with a prominent and out-splayed mouth moulding and a rectangular shaped body in cross-section. The axe has straight but slightly divergent sides, but the lower body and blade end is missing. The high loop descends from the under-side of the mouth-moulding and is narrow. The axe has a four-runner casting technology, the four runner-stubs spaced approximately 90 degrees apart around the four sides of the mouth. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are sub-rectangular in plan. Three prominent, longitudinal and near parallel ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face, while the face edges are slightly curved, rather than angular. The lower break edge, in plan, indicates there was a misalignment in the placing of the internal mould-piece relative to the outer mould pair during casting, with one face-wall being notably thicker than the other. On the non-loop side of the axe, near the break edge and in the area of particular wall thinning, there is a crack or split in the metal, which meanders upwards onto one of the faces. This suggests that the axe may have failed and broken during use. The casting seams are prominent but blunt, suggesting rapid hammering of the excess after casting. The axe has a grey-green patina and there are small localised encrustations of green and blue corrosion products on the faces and mouth moulding.




South Wales Type socketed axe - fragment (small find number 6)



Dimensions: Surviving length 60.8mm; width body below loop 37.7mm; external mouth dimensions 48.0mm (side to side) by 40.8mm (front to back); internal mouth dimensions 31.0mm (side to side) by 25.7mm (front to back); dimensions runner stubs (1) 8.5 by 2.8mm; height 0.7mm; (2) 8.0 by 2.6mm; height 0.5mm; (3) 8.5 by 4.0mm; height 1.0mm; (4) 8.1 by 2.8mm; height 0.5mm; width loop 4.1-5.2mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 179.2g. 



This is a mouth and upper body fragment of a bronze socketed axe with a prominent and out-splayed mouth moulding and a rectangular shaped body in cross-section. The upper sides are slightly concave and slightly divergent. The loop is narrow and low, emerging significantly below the underside of the mouth moulding. The axe has a four-runner casting technology, the four prominent runner-stubs spaced approximately 90 degrees apart around the four sides of the mouth. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are sub-rectangular shaped in plan. Three weakly defined and slightly divergent, longitudinal ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face. The casting flashes down both sides are prominent but blunted, indicating that they were hammered or filed down when the axe was prepared for use. On one face, near the break edge, there is a concave distortion and narrowing of the socket aperture, suggesting that this axe may have been struck with a blunt tool before being buried in the ground although no clear impact scar is visible on the surface remaining. The axe surfaces have extensive patches of blue corrosion products over upper faces, sides and mouth, suggesting that this axe may have been burnt immediately before burial. The original surfaces of the axe have a grey-green patina.




South Wales Variant Type socketed axe - complete (metal-detector find 2)



Dimensions: Length 80.9mm; blade width 49.2mm; width body below loop 37.2mm; external mouth dimensions 46.2mm (side to side) by 40.1mm (front to back); internal mouth dimensions 28.5mm (side to side) by 23.8mm (front to back); dimensions runner stubs (1) 8.8 by 5.2mm; height 0.5mm; (2) 8.6 by 5.9mm; height 0.5mm; (3) 10.5 by 5.7mm; height 0.8mm; (4) 7.5 by 4.5mm; height 0.2mm; width loop 4.8-5.6mm; depth of socket approx. 62.0mm; weight (prior to conservation) 255.2g. 



This is a complete and small bronze socketed axe with a prominent out-splayed mouth moulding and a rectangular-shaped body in cross-section. The axe has slightly straight and divergent sides, which splay outwards markedly near the blade edge. The loop descends from the underside of the mouth moulding and is narrow. The axe has a four-runner casting technology, the four runner-stubs spaced approximately 90 degrees apart around the four sides of the mouth. The exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are sub-rectangular shaped in plan. Five very prominent, longitudinal and ribs descend from the mouth moulding on each face, extending a little over half way down the length of the axe faces. The central three ribs are parallel, while the outer ribs define and follow the face edges and are slightly divergent. The casting seams are visible though not prominent, suggesting hammering or filing as preparation of the axe. Striations on the blade-bevel, mostly running parallel with the blade-edge indicate that the axe was sharpened for use. Thick and prominent patches of blue corrosion products are evident on the faces and loop-side of the axe and suggest that the axe may have been burnt immediately before burial. It is possible that the flat topped surfaces on the thick corrosion products present on one face of the axe may once have attached to the flat faces of another artefact placed immediately above or below this axe in the hoard group. The original surfaces of this axe have a green patina.




Ribbed socketed axe of South Wales Variant, with similarities to Type Sompting, Variant Roseberry Topping - complete (metal-detector find 4)



Dimensions: Length 114.5mm; blade width 50.5mm; width body below loop 37.2mm; external mouth dimensions 47.5mm (side to side) by 45.4mm (front to back); internal mouth dimensions 32.1mm (side to side) by 30.5mm (front to back); depth of socket approx. 84.0mm; width loop 9.6-11.0mm; weight (prior to conservation) 400.0g. 



This is a complete, large and heavy bronze socketed axe of blocky but slender proportions, with a pronounced, curved and onset collar, and an angular rectangular cross-section. The sides are slightly concave and divergent, giving a slightly flared form and with slight, but even widening near the blade ends. A wide and thick loop descends from the underside of the mouth moulding. The external and internal outlines of the mouth are sub-square in plan and the axe has a deep front to back mouth. There are no clear runner stubs or scars evident around the mouth top. Five longitudinal and very pronounced ribs descend from the underside of the mouth moulding on each face, extending down two thirds of the length of the faces. The central three ribs are near parallel, while the outer ribs define and follow the face edges and are slightly divergent. On one face, there is a linear projecting ridge, between two ribs on the lower loop side, suggesting a flaw in the surface of the mould, from which the axe was cast. In side view, one of the faces has a marked 'bulge' or convex curvature half way down the face, suggesting an oddly shaped mould-half. The casting seams down each side of the axe are prominent but blunted, suggesting the seams were rapidly hammered down as the axe was prepared for use. On the blade bevel, there are striations parallel with the blade edge, indicating the axe was prepared for use. There are areas of concreted corrosion products on the sides and faces of the axe, of both green and blue colour, suggesting that the axe may have been burnt immediately before being buried. On one blade facet and on the lower loop side there are areas of concretion with markedly smooth upper surfaces, suggesting that this axe may have been placed immediately beside, and above or below other artefacts within the hoard group. The original surfaces of the axe have a grey-green patina.




Croxton Type socketed axe - fragment (small find number 8) 



Dimensions: Surviving length 52.7mm; width body below loop 35.7mm; external mouth dimensions 40.7 mm (side to side) by 36.6mm (front to back); internal mouth dimensions 30.5mm (side to side) by 25.1mm (front to back); width loop 6.8-7.8mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 114.8g. 



This is a mouth and upper body fragment of a bronze socketed axe with a deep and onset collar and a sub-rectangular shaped body in cross- section. The upper sides are straight and slightly divergent. The loop is relatively high and wide, descending from within the lower part of the mouth moulding. The mouth moulding is slightly concave and everted in side profile, with no thickening or globularity evident near the mouth. The mouth top is flat but slightly angled with a raised inner edge and the exterior and interior outlines of the mouth are sub-rectangular shaped in plan. No runner scars or stubs are visible on the mouth. On one face, three longitudinal, narrow and strongly convergent ribs are visible, descending from the lower margin of the collar. These are poorly spaced at their origin, with one rib on the loop-side much more widely spaced away from the other two, descending from far over onto the non-loop side. On the reverse side, the ribs are largely obscured by surface corrosion products, though the upper section of one convergent rib on the loop-side is visible. The casting seams are visible down each side of the axe, but have been carefully filed down. One side and mouth of the axe is heavily encrusted with blue corrosion products, suggesting the axe was burnt immediately before burial. The original surfaces of the axe have a grey-green patina.





	

Slender socketed axe - largely complete, two conjoining fragments (small find numbers 2 - small mouth fragment, and 5 - near complete axe)

	




Dimensions of largely complete axe (small find 5) : length 114.1mm; blade width 46.6mm; width body below loop 19.7mm; external front to back mouth dimensions (distorted) 36.0mm; internal front to back mouth dimensions (distorted) 29.2mm; thickness top of mouth 3.0-3.5mm; width loop 4.7-5.3mm; depth of socket (approx.) 62.0mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 171.4g. 



Dimensions small mouth fragment (small find 2): surviving length mouth top to base 13.1mm; surviving width of mouth top 13.0mm; mouth thickness at top 2.9-3.5mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 1.1g. 



Combined weight (prior to conservation) 172.5g. 



This is an unusual, largely complete and slender, bronze socketed axe, with a tear and distortion down the non-loop side, from the mouth and along the casting seam. The axe has an everted mouth with a trumpet form and a deep onset collar. The mouth is damaged and distorted, but appears to have been near circular in external plan, though slightly sub-rectangular in its internal shape, and the mouth looks to have once had a deep front-to-back mouth. The mouth dimensions cannot now be accurately measured due to later damage and distortion. A low-set and slender loop, with a markedly rectangular shaped bar, descends from beneath the collar.



The upper socket is straight-sided the sides converging slightly. Half way down the axe, there is a distinct step and change of angle in the side profile, where the lower blade widens on both sides to give a step-waist effect. The slender lower blade has concave sides, widening to give a flaring blade form. This appears to be a composite socketed axe, where a socket has been cast on to a re-worked Winged Axe (or just possibly a Late Palstave). The upper face margins of the socket are defined by distinct single linear grooves ending in line with a square-ended ledge-stop across each mid-face. This is located 8-9mm below the point of the widening step visible on each side, thereby creating an overlapping join between the winged-axe blade-end and the cast on socket. The casting seams are prominent, but flattened indicating rapid filing or hammering down and the seams on the socket and blade end are in exact alignment.



The socket and mouth was split down its non-loop side along the casting seam, suggesting an outward pushing force, causing a split and distortion. Towards the base of the side split are lateral tears extending round to each face. A small mouth fragment from the non-loop side has conjoins with both mouth breaks, indicating that the axe is complete, but damaged. The original surfaces of the axe have a grey-green patina, though with areas of thick blue concretions on upper faces, one lower blade and side and inside the socket, suggesting the axe was burnt immediately before burial. At the base of the tapering sub-rectangular shaped socket, there is a green corroded concretion down one side.




Slender faceted axe of Type Meldreth, Variant Westow / Class D - complete (metal-detector find 5)



Dimensions: Length 107.7mm; surviving blade width 44.8mm; width body below loop 27.3mm; external mouth dimensions 32.7mm (side to side) by 31.6mm (front to back); internal mouth dimensions 23.4mm (side to side) by 23.0mm (front to back); dimensions of probable runner stub 6.7 by 3.5mm; height 0.7mm; dimensions of probable runner scar 6.0 by 3.0mm; depth 1.0mm; depth of socket approx. 73.0mm; width loop 5.2-5.6mm; weight (prior to conservation) 204.5g. 



This is a complete and slender bronze socketed axe with six facets and a deep, double mouth moulding. The sides are straight and slightly divergent with pronounced splaying and recurving at the blade-ends. The low and slender loop descends from the underside of the mouth moulding. The upper margin of the mouth moulding is defined by two curved horizontal ridges separated by a narrow groove and likewise, the lower margin also has a pair of curved horizontal ridges separated by a narrow groove. The two pairs of ridges are themselves separated by a wider, slightly recessed and concave band, making for a complex and unusual mouth moulding in combination. The external and internal outlines of the mouth are circular in plan shape. On one face side of the mouth top, there is a noticeable projection and on the opposing side, at 180 degrees to this, there is a corresponding scar, suggesting the existence of one runner-stub and one runner-scar and the use of a two-runner casting technology. The facet edges on the axe have rounded edges. The casting seams down each side are prominent but blunted, suggesting they were only rapidly hammered or filed when prepared for use. On the blade bevel there are striations running both parallel and at right angles to the blade edge, indicating that the blade was prepared for use. The faces, sides and mouth moulding of the axe are covered with blue corrosion products, suggesting that the axe was burnt immediately before burial. On one upper face, an area of blue corrosion product has a markedly flat top surface, which may once have attached to the flat face of another artefact placed immediately above or below this axe in the hoard group. On the blade end, the original surfaces have a green patina, while on the upper faces and mouth, the original surfaces have a grey-green patina.




Small plain socketed axe similar to Type Portree / Eogan Class 2A - complete



(metal-detector find 7) 



Dimensions: Length 74.3mm; blade width 47.8mm; width body below loop 32.3mm; external mouth dimensions 39.3mm (side to side) by 32.4mm (front to back); internal mouth dimensions 30.1mm (side to side) by 25.3mm (front to back); depth of socket approx. 59.0mm; width loop 5.3-6.0mm; weight (prior to conservation ) 150.5g. 



This is a complete small, plain socketed axe of bronze, with a relatively broad body. The axe has a sub-rectangular sectioned body and mouth. The axe has a deep onset collar, which is flaring or trumpet shaped in profile. A low set and narrow loop emerges from the underside of the collar. The sides of the axe are slightly concave and diverge slightly, with marked expansion and recurving of the blade edge. There are no runner scars or stubs evident around the mouth top. The casting seams down each side of the axe are visible, but have been hammered or filed down before use. On the upper blade faces, there are blunt hammer mark depressions, indicating the expanded blade was worked before use. Striations running parallel with the blade-edge also indicate the blade was sharpened for use. The axe has a grey-green patina, with thick blue and green surface concretions evident in patches on the collar and blade surfaces. The blue concretions suggest that the axe may have been burnt immediately before being buried. On one blade bevel, there is a particularly thick area of blue surface concretion, with a markedly smooth and flat upper surface, suggesting this axe may have been placed immediately beside and above or below other artefacts in the hoard group.




Curved socket wall, undiagnostic - small fragment (small find number 1)



Dimensions: max. surviving length 11.0mm; max. surviving width 6.1mm; thickness 1.3mm; surviving weight 0.3g. 



This is a small bronze curved socket wall fragment of undiagnostic form. Although probably once part of one of the artefacts in the hoard, no conjoin may now be discerned, the breaks being sub-rounded and not fresh looking. The curvature of the fragment is consistent with a socket wall. The original surfaces of the fragment have a grey-green patina, thought the breaks have powdery light green edges.",,3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2015-04-10T23:00:00Z,2015-04-16T23:00:00Z,2015TW07,,,,,,,1,Mark Lodwick,Adam Gwilt,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Grosmont,SO3515,GPS (From FLO),51.82981621,-2.94463804,NMGW-B5E854,,73798.jpg,Late Bronze Age Hoard,National Museum Wales ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/73798.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063720.jpg
961029,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1300,"2019 T608; undergoing valuation



Description: A group of three Bronze Age copper alloy arm bracelets/armrings. 




	
A copper alloy bracelet/armring, consisting of a copper alloy bar bent around into a loop with slightly overlapping terminals. Undecorated and lozengiform in cross section, tapering at either end into unelaborated terminals.

	

	Diameter 80.8mm; width 7.2mm; thickness 5.6mm; weight 46.06g.

	 

	
A fragment of a copper alloy bracelet/armring, representing one terminal and part of the loop. The fragment consists of a bar of copper alloy, curved in profile, truncated by a fresh break at one end. Undecorated and plano-convex in cross section, with a prominent casting seam on the interior face and on the terminal. The terminal is unelaborated and sub-rectangular.





Length 60.8mm; width 10.1mm; thickness 6.6mm; weight 28.32g.




	
A copper alloy bracelet/armring, consisting of a copper alloy bar bent around into a loop, now sub-oval in plan and bent out of shape. Undecorated with a lozengiform cross section, with slightly expanded pad-like terminals. 





Width across loop 93.9mm; width 7.8mm; thickness 6.8mm; weight 44.31g. 



Discussion: 



The bracelets/armrings described above can be best paralleled by objects from Ornament Horizon hoards of the Taunton phase (c.1400-1300 BC). During this phase many bracelets are more elaborate in the form or decoration (e.g. Rowlands 1971), and the Rockbourne examples are plain. They are, nevertheless, well paralleled by finds from the Monkswood hoard, Somerset (Smith 1959, Inv Arch GB. 42 2(1) & 2(2), see nos. 3-7), the Brading Marsh hoard (Isle of Wight), Hampshire (Rowlands 1976, 238), and Ebbesbourne Wake hoard, Wiltshire (Rowlands 1976, 271-21). For wider discussion of the ornament horizon and deposition of bracelets/armrings see Roberts (2007) and Wilkin (2017). 



Only fragments 1 & 2 have precise find spots, with these being very widely dispersed within the same field. Despite this, it is unlikely that three bronze age armlets of similar form would be separately deposited within such a small area, and on the balance of probability the group either represent a hoard disturbed by later cultivation, or were deposited as part of the same process. 



Conclusion:



As a find of three copper alloy objects of prehistoric  date, objects Nos. 1-3 qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 (Designation Order 2002)



Wil Partridge

Finds Liaison Officer for Wiltshire

July 2019



Checked and edited:

Neil Wilkin, Curator, British Museum

August 2019","References:

Roberts, B. 2007. Adorning the living but not the dead: a reassessment of Middle Bronze Age ornaments in Britain. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73, 135-67



Rowlands, M.J. 1971. ‘A Group of Incised Decoration Armrings and their Significance for the Middle Bronze Age of Southern Britain’, The British Museum Quarterly, XXXV (Nos. 1-4), 183-99



Rowlands, M. J, 1976. The Production and Distribution of Metalwork in the Middle Bronze Age in Southern Britain, BAR 3 I (i&ii)



Wilkin, N. 2017. ‘Combination, Composition and Context: Readdressing British Middle Bronze Age Ornament Hoards (c.1400-1100 cal. BC)’ In Martin, T.F & Weetch, R. (eds.), Dress and Society: Contributions from Archaeology, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 14-47",3,Copper alloy,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,3,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Rockbourne,SU1022,GPS (from the finder),50.9973084,-1.85887461,WILT-B61F78,,2019T608a.jpg,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/2019T608a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098115.jpg
961122,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A copper alloy fragment from the central part of the blade of a dirk or rapier of Middle Bronze Age (c 1500-1100 BC) date. The fragment is 26.5mm in length and 21.7mm in width, with a lenticular cross section with a slightly thicker centre to give strength, but no central rib or any decoration on the blade. The edges of the blade have been lost to post depositional abrasion; the remaining surface has an even green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.58,,,5.1,26.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Westcott,TQ1449,From finder,51.22881356,-0.3687042,SUR-C64B4E,,SURC64B4E.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURC64B4E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1064344.jpg
961222,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A section of copper alloy rapier or dirk blade. The object appears broken at both ends. The breaks are abraded and probably old. The blade is parallel sided with a tapered cutting edge on both sides. There is a high central rib on both faces giving a shallow lozengiform cross section.

Date: Middle bronze Age - c. 1500 - 1150 BC

Dimensions: 93.09 mm x 16.87 mm x 5.56 mm

Weight: 35.60 g



Peter Reavill (pers comm) has dated this to  c 1500 - 1150 BC and suggests that it is from the lower part of the blade where the lozengiform cross section would give greater strength and rigidity.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,35.6,,,5.56,93.09,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,South Perrott,ST4707,Centred on field,50.86006836,-2.75440167,DOR-CA6F71,,CA6F71.jpg,Middle bronze Age blade fragment,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/CA6F71.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1063955.jpg
961418,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date, c. 1000 - 800 BC. The fragment is the blade end of the axehead which is trapezoidal in shape with a worn cutting edge and rounded corners. The cross-section is rectangular and the breaks are old and worn. The interior is hollow.



The metal has a dark green delaminated patina and is worn. The fragment is 47.5mm long, 37.2mm wide, 15.4mm thick and weighs 57.3g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1000 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,57.3,,,15.4,47.5,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Kirkbymoorside,SE7185,From finder,54.25575779,-0.91167063,YORYM-DFEEAB,,GOC0003.jpg,Bronze Age : Socketed Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/GOC0003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1064250.jpg
961492,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast copper-alloy Late Bronze Age 'bag-shaped' dagger scabbard chape associated with the Carp's Tongue complex. On close examination, the chape is formed from a single sheet of copper alloy, beaten and folded over to form the bulbus crescent shape. A section of the back has been lost in antiquity, the front, which remains intact, has three rivet fixing holes. There is the remnant of one hole, to the broken rear of the chape. The surface has a mid-green roughened patina.



Dimensions. 30.84mm wide, 20.39mm deep and the metal is 0.54mm thick, weighing 6.6gm.



Similar bag-shaped chapes on the database include: NARC-5DEF37, NMS-99FB70, HAMP-095061, WILT-D4F151, SUSS-C65251, and DOR-BD9AED. The latter example explains:



A similar, although undecorated, chape is recorded in WILT-D4F151 and another in a Bronze Age Hoard (SUSS-C65251) where Neil Wilkin notes The two bag-shaped chapes (Nos. 3-4) are of a type present in several hoards in South-east England. They are primarily distributed in South-east England and in Northern France, with a small number of outliers in Ireland (O'Connor 1980: 190; List 161; Gerloff 2004, fig. 17.9, 3). Parallels for the bag-shaped chapes can be found in the Mininis Bay hoard, Kent (Ibid., fig.59, no. 12), and a similar bag-shaped chape with two peg holes is part of the Salisbury hoard (British Museum: 1961,006.7; 1998,0901.149). Bag-shaped chapes are often associated with the Carp's Tongue (CT) complex/horizon (O'Connor 1980, 190-91), although Gerloff (2004, 146) notes that their distribution is somewhat peripheral to their principal distribution areas. It is possible that the blade tip (No. 5) belongs to either a Ewart Park or a Carp's Tongue sword, both are types that are closely associated with hoards and deposits that also include bag-shaped chapes (Ibid.).



Thanks to Peter Reavill for providing more information on this type of chape.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.6,,,0.54,30.84,1,Helena Costas,Rod Trevaskus,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Rotherfield Peppard,SU7180,From finder,51.5144723,-0.9782194,BERK-EF7823,,BERKEF7823.jpg,Chape,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rodt/BERKEF7823.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1064076.jpg
961742,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2350 BC to c. 2050 BC).



The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in shape with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. The butt is relatively thin having a narrow rounded profile; the width at the butt is 17.1 mm (thickness: 2.0 mm). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are gently curved. The axe is thickest at the mid point (8.6 mm), with no traces of a proto stop ridge present. Potential decoration is present on one side as four circular depressions around the mid point. The sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge with an abraded width of 34.3 mm (2.6 mm thick). The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through either abrasion or wear, as has the blade edge itself. 



It measures 80.7 mm in length, maximum width at the blade is 34.3 mm, width at the butt is 17.1 mm and it has a maximum thickness of 8.6 mm. It weighs 77.7 grams.



The axe is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge).



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-24T00:00:00Z,2019-03-24T00:00:00Z,,,77.7,,,8.6,80.7,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Eccleshall,SJ8032,From finder,52.88508218,-2.29866388,WMID-349A3E,,WMID349A3E.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Incomplete Migdale type flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID349A3E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1064285.jpg
961746,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Descriptions 




Socketed axe fragment



Dimensions: surviving length 24.5mm; surviving width 50.8mm; width at break 42.0mm; thickness at break 12mm; weight 54.8g.



This is the lower blade and cutting edge of a socketed axe, broken across the internal socket aperture in antiquity. The cutting edge is worn and damaged so the original edge no longer survives, but curved shape and the curved expanding nature of the sides suggest it may have originally possessed slightly flared tips. The incomplete nature of this axe means it cannot be definitely assigned a type.



The break has occurred at the point that the socket opening began, though only about 3mm of the socket wall survives above this. This is nonetheless sufficient to demonstrate that the axe was cast with a misaligned core, as indicated by the differential thickness of the socket walls on each face (5.4mm and 2.4mm); this may have influenced the breakage. There is a slightly bowing inwards on the face with the thinner socket wall, which may represent an impact blow.



The fragment is heavily pitted with green corrosion, though retains a patchy bronze patina particularly around the edges.




Socketed axe or palstave fragment



Dimensions: surviving length 21.8mm; surviving width 44.2mm; thickness 10.4-14mm; weight 59.6g.



This is a thick copper alloy fragment, roughly sub-rectangular in plan and elliptical in section, tapering in side profile to one edge. The object has broken across both the long edges in antiquity, but the shorter sides appear to be largely original. The overall form is suggestive of the lower blade of an axe, which is supported by the remains of a casting seam on one side, though the fragment lacks any diagnostic features that might allow it to be assigned to a specific type. In the thicker break there are possible faint remnants of a socket aperture, though this feature is not conclusive. Alternatively, the thick nature of the fragment could infer a palstave.



The fragment is covered by a combination of smooth silvery patina and green corrosion pitting. There are also patches of bronze patina particularly around the edges.




Jet - one runner



Dimensions: top surface length 26.0mm; top surface width 21.5mm; maximum height 36.5mm; weight 48.0g.



This is a roughly oval-shaped conical jet with a thick single runner extending from the pouring reservoir. The upper surface is rough and uneven, representing the dross created by metal as it cools while the runner is smooth. The upper surface is largely level, but the sides around the reservoir are slightly raised; this is a natural result of the cooling process. There is no distinction in the transition between the reservoir and the runner, suggesting the metal was poured into a mould with a wide conical opening. The runner tapers to a thick point with slightly concave sides from the reservoir.



The jet is pitted with green corrosion, though largely retains a bronze patina.




Incomplete jet



Dimensions: top surface length 22.8mm; top surface width 19.9mm; maximum height 16.8mm; weight 21.5g.



This is the pouring reservoir of a broadly oval jet, with a rough, uneven upper surface, representing metal dross, and a dip in the metal towards the centre. The reservoir narrows with slightly



convex sides towards the runner, creating an overall 'bowl' shape, indicating the shape of the mould opening. However, the jet has broken at the transition from the reservoir to the runner(s). It is thus unclear whether this would form one or two runners.



The jet is covered in a rough grey patina, intermitted with patches of bright green corrosion or bronze disease.




Probable rapier fragment



Dimensions: surviving length 49.6mm; hilt width 24.1mm; hilt thickness 5.2mm; butt width 15.8; butt thickness 4.4mm; width at break 14.3mm; thickness at break 4.2mm; weight 27.0g.



This is a small copper alloy fragment of a probable hilt from a blade, broken across the upper blade. The fragment is quite worn, making diagnostic features difficult to ascertain. However, the fragment shows signs of rounded asymmetrical hilt shoulders that taper down to a narrow blade with a biconvex section, which is characteristic of a rapier. Additionally, above the shoulders the fragment tapers inwards to two possible notches before projecting to a rounded butt. It is thus likely this piece once belonged to a rapier.



The object has broken across the upper blade in antiquity and the break is now worn. There are no associated marks or casting flaws.



The fragment is worn and pitted with green corrosion, though retains a patchy bronze patina particularly around the edges.","This hoard of objects can certainly be dated to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC) and probably to the Late Bronze Age (1100-800BC), however in its fragmentary state, the artefacts lack closely diagnostic elements to allow conclusive dating to a particular period within this broader frame. Many fragmentary hoards were deposited during the Ewart Park phase (c.920-800 BC) of the Late Bronze Age and it is likely, on a balance of probability, the hoard dates to this period.



Broken socketed axes (such as No.1 above) are a feature of Late Bronze Age hoards, typically dating to the Ewart Park phase (c.920-800 cal. BC) (Needham et al. 1997). It is common for axes to be broken across the point of the internal socket aperture and examples of similar breakage patterns can be seen on four examples in the St. Nicholas hoard, Vale of Glamorgan (Gwilt n.d.). The slight bowing on one face may indicate this piece was deliberately broken before deposition.



The second axe fragment (No.2 above) is harder to interpret because while it is likely to have belonged to a socketed axe, the thick nature of the fragment, and lack of any additional features, means one cannot rule out the possibility that it once belonged to a palstave. This might be further supported by the narrow nature of the blade, which is a feature of both Transitional and Late palstaves (Smith 1959). Transitional palstave have been dated to the Penard-Wilburton phases (c.1300-1000 BC), while Late palstaves held currency in the Wilburton to Ewart Park phases (c.1100-800 BC) (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 145-163; Needham et al. 1997). Given the other associations in this hoard, it is most likely that this fragment once belonged either to a socketed axe or to a Late palstave, both types circulating during the Late Bronze Age. Complete examples of Late palstaves were found in Late Bronze Age hoards from Colwinston and Tal y garn 1, while two palstave butt fragments were present in the Penllyn hoard, all Vale of Glamorgan (Gwilt and Lodwick 2003; Gwilt et al. 2012a; Gwilt et al. 2015). In total, about 60 examples of Late palstaves are known from Wales in hoards and as single finds.



The jets (Nos 3, 4) represent the excess reservoirs of metal at the top of moulds and are a by-product of the casting process. Jets are commonly incorporated into hoards during the Late Bronze Age, yet are rarely present within hoards of Early and Middle Bronze Age date. The generic nature of these two jets means the objects they produced cannot be determined. An early association of a single runner jet within a hoard may be found within the Guilsfield hoard (Savory 1965, Fig. 7.24; 1980, 117-8, Cat. 268 & Fig. 38), dating to the Blackmoor phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1020-920BC (Needham et al 1997, 82). However, casting jets are more typically represented in hoard associations dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (c.920-800 BC). They are now known from numerous Ewart Park phase hoards in Wales including the St Ishmael (Carmarthenshire), Manorbier (Pembrokeshire), Cowbridge (Vale of Glamorgan) and Glascoed (Monmouthshire) hoards (Gwilt and Lodwick 2002; Lodwick and Gwilt 2002; Gwilt et al. 2011; 2012b).



The final object in the hoard, the possible rapier (No.5), is an interesting element. Rapiers hold their main currency in the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1100 BC), with the last phase of their production ending in the Penard phase (1300-1150 BC), when they were superseded by developments in sword-making (Burgess and Gerloff 1981, 113). Although worn, enough survives of this fragment to suggest it belonged to a Group IV rapier, as indicated by the side notches, slender shoulders and small butt (ibid., 62). Group IV rapiers belong to the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age but continued in use into the Wilburton phase at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, spanning the centuries from 1300 to 1000 BC (ibid., 106-109). These are the most common of the British rapier forms and they were also commonly reworked later during their use lives, often being found as broken and undiagnostic fragments, suggesting that some remained in use and circulation over a long time period. It is entirely feasible therefore, that a rapier made towards the end of the Middle Bronze Age could remain in use and circulation into the Late Bronze Age, only being deposited in a hoard then. In Wales, a possible Group IV rapier fragment was deposited with fragments of two Late palstaves, a spearhead and a flat plate at Penllyn, Vale of Glamorgan (Gwilt et al. 2015).



The consistent patina and corrosion of the components in this hoard suggest they all entered the ground at around the same time. These were then likely dispersed by historical and modern agricultural processes. The majority of the objects (Nos 1-4) are consistent with a Late Bronze Age date, probably the Ewart Park phase (c.920-800 BC), when the burial of fragmentary hoards was a common practice. Examples from Wales include hoards from Tal-y-garn 1 and 2, Colwinston (all Vale of Glamorgan), and Glascoed (Monmouthsire) (Lodwick and Gwilt 2002; Gwilt and Lodwick 2003a; 2003b; Gwilt et al. 2012a). The rapier fragment predates the other objects in the hoard, in its manufacture, by up to 300 years, but it is likely it represents an old object that remained in circulation use and re-use, or perhaps as a piece of scrap metal, until the Late Bronze Age. Alternatively, it may represent the rediscovery of an older deposit that was then reburied. The proximity of the rapier to the other finds within a three metre square area, coupled with the lack of contemporary deposits in the surrounding area and the consistent condition of the artefacts means that on the balance of probability the rapier can be considered associated with the other material. In terms of size and composition, the Mawr hoard is most closely comparable with the Penllyn hoard, Vale of Glamorgan (Gwilt et al. 2015).



The find-spot is located on a north-facing promontory about 163m above sea level and overlooking the River Cathan to the north-east, which feeds westwards into the larger River Loughor. A preliminary search of the Historic Environment Record revealed no other Bronze Age or prehistoric features recorded from the immediate area



Bibliography



Burgess, C.B. & Gerloff, S. (1981) The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Prähistorische Bronzefunde. Abt IV.7; München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



DCMS (2002) The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales, London: Department of Culture, Media and Sport.



Gwilt, A. (n.d.) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from St. Nicholas, Vale of Glamorgan. Unpublished hoard manuscript.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. (2002) The Cowbridge Hoard, unpublished hoard manuscript.



Gwilt and Lodwick (2003a) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Tal-y-garn 1, Vale of Glamorgan. Unpublished hoard manuscript.



Gwilt and Lodwick (2003b) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Tal-y-garn 2, Vale of Glamorgan. Unpublished hoard manuscript.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M., Schlee, D. Poucher, P. & Davis, M. (2011) A Late Bronze Age hoard from Manorbier, Pembrokeshire (Treasure Case 10.12 Wales), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M., Sell, S. & Davis, M. (2012a) A Late Bronze Age hoard from Colwinston, Vale of Galmorgan (Treasure Case 12.07), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Johnson, S.L., Lodwick, M. & Davis, M. (2012b) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from St Ishmael, Carmarthenshire (Treasure Case 11.10 Wales), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. and Davis, M. 2015. A probable Late Bronze Age hoard from Penllyn, Vale of Glamorgan (Treasure Case 14.09 Wales), unpublished treasure report.



Lodwick, M. & Gwilt, A. (2002) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Glacoed, Monmouthsire. Unpublished hoard manuscript.



Needham, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Coombs, D., Cartwight, C. & Pettitt, P. (1997) An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme, Archaeological Journal 154, 55-107.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. IX.7; München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Smith, M.A. (1959) Somerset hoards and their place in the Bronze Age of Southern Britain, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 25, 144-187.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2015-12-01T00:00:00Z,2015-12-31T00:00:00Z,2016TW14,,,,,,,5,Adam Gwilt,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Mawr,SN6309,From finder,51.76287367,-3.98657857,NMGW-34C32C,,73799red.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/73799red.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1073913.jpg
961873,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"1. Gold penannular bar bracelet fragment - Type 4B 



Dimensions: surviving length 25.7mm; bar width 5.7mm; bar thickness 4mm; head width 9.8mm; head thickness 8.3mm; weight 7.36g.



This is a terminal fragment of a gold bar bracelet with a D-shape section. The bar expands abruptly to a solid, outwardly expanding flat terminal, also with a D-section. On the flat terminal face there is a slight penannular shaped hollow 0.5-1.0mm wide running around the sides and outer margins of the terminal. This is inset parallel with and approximately 0.5mm from the outer edge of the terminal face. The bar has been deliberately broken pre-deposition with a 'pinched' break, suggesting it was chiselled or cut, rather than bent and snapped. There is also one chisel mark on the flat face of the bar, which is close to the break and likely represents a failed impact mark. There are numerous and pronounced dents and impressed tool marks on the surface of the bracelet, which appear to be ancient, linked either with the forming of the bracelet or representing deliberate damage to the bracelet immediately prior to burial of the hoard.



2. Copper alloy pin head or bracelet terminal fragment



Dimensions: surviving length 20.2mm; shaft diameter (below head) 4.8 x 5.2mm; shaft diameter (at break) 3.6 x 3.2mm; surviving head depth 11.5mm; surviving head width 10.2mm; weight 2.33g.



This is a fragment of a circular-section bar of bronze that expands at one end to an incomplete terminal or head. The head/terminal is concave with a convex underside and was probably originally circular. Below the head/terminal the shaft is appears to have been decorated with at least three horizontal ribs, which are now very worn and shallow, and separated by at least two shallow grooves. The shaft appears to taper slightly, but degradation to the surface makes this difficult to discern.



Fragmentation has occurred around the circumference of the head/terminal so no original edge survives, and the object has broken across the bar/shaft in prehistory. This breakage is coupled with damage to the surface of the bronze, which is consistently patinated. The object is covered in an uneven brown patina that is delaminated in patches, particularly around the edges.



3. Copper alloy penannular bracelet terminal fragment (possibly once part of bracelet fragment 4)



Dimensions: surviving curved length 35.2mm; shaft diameter (at break) 3.4 x 2.7mm; surviving head diameter 9.3x8.1mm; weight 3.23g.



This is a fragment of a bracelet with a circular-section bar, gently expanding to a roughly oval terminal. The terminal is incomplete, and there is a prominent lateral ridge down the otherwise flat terminal. This ridge may be casting flash. The overall piece is curved, indicating it once formed part of a bracelet. As this fragment was found associated with possible bracelet fragment No. 4, below, it is possible that these fragments were once part of the same single bracelet, although no conjoin can now be established, as the break points on both fragments are worn and eroded.



There are small patches of an uneven brown patina surviving, particularly around the terminal, but much of the original surface has delaminated, revealing green corrosion.



4. Copper alloy incomplete possible bracelet (possibly once part of bracelet fragment 3)



Dimensions: bent length 45mm; maximum bar diameter 4.3x5mm; min. bar diameter 3.6x1.8mm; weight 7.6g.



This is a bronze bar, bent into a rough U-shape, with a rounded section, now heavily eroded so as to be inconsistent in diameter and section shape along the length. Where original surfaces survive, there is an angular, slightly projecting casting flash evident on both interior and exterior sides of the hoop. Both ends are broken, though one expands slightly, which might indicate this was approaching a terminal end. At one point, the bar has been deliberately and differentially bent out of shape, compressing the surviving ends out of shape and towards each other. At the point of bending, the bar is thin and compressed. The breakages at each end are worn and abraded. As this fragment was found associated with possible bracelet fragment No. 3, above, it is possible that these fragments were once part of the same single bracelet, although no conjoin can now be established.



There are small patches of an uneven brown patina surviving, but much of the original surface has delaminated, revealing green corrosion.



5. Copper alloy socketed axe - Slender faceted axe of Type Meldreth, Variant Aylsham / Class D 



Dimensions: maximum surviving length 91.2mm; maximum width cutting edge 51.1mm; external socket diameter (width x depth) 31.5 x 28.2mm; internal socket diameter (width x depth) 22.8 x 20.6mm; depth of collar 16.2mm; width of body below loop 27.2mm; depth of socket 62.6mm; weight 110.8g.



This is a near complete copper alloy socketed axe with an oval shaped socket mouth and a slender upper body that flares to a broad cutting edge. The body is roughly hexagonal in section, with two narrow and not particularly defined facets down each face margin. The socket mouth is flat and the collar is plain and flared. The base of the collar is defined by a prominent raised horizontal rib moulding, flanked by a shallow, poorly formed groove above and below. On the lower side, there is a second and poorly defined rib moulding, showing as a parallel raised ridge, beneath which the narrow facets originate. The rib moulding is straight on one face, but curved and irregular on the opposite face. The loop emerges below the collar and is of modest width. The faces of the axe are undecorated, with the exception of the facets, defined by grooves on each side of each face, starting from below the collar and following the shape of the axe. These grooves are shallow and poorly formed, stopping as the blade is expanding; the longest extends for 42.6mm.



The sides of the axe diverge greatly towards the cutting edge, creating a broad edge. The original cutting edge no longer survives and has fragmented unevenly, but was probably originally straight. One face of the axe has been worked to approximately 4.5mm above the surviving edge, though the opposite face shows limited signs of preparation. The blade appears to have been hammered out on the worked face, so the shape of the lower blade is asymmetrical; one half is almost crinoline in form, while the other simply flares out. This could be the result of hammering or a fault in the mould. There are numerous short horizontal striation marks across the worked face of the lower blade, which likely relate to sharpening or working activities, and in sections there are also vertical striations. The opposite face has a few macroscopic horizontal striations.



The molten bronze appears to have been cast in around the interior of the socket mouth, with two slightly raised lumps on the mouth identifiable as possible runner stumps. The casting seams down either side of the axe survive as raised, blunt ridges, but seem to have been hammered down. The slightly off-centre line of these seams indicates the axe was cast in slightly mismatched mould halves. On the no-loop side, there is a linear groove running beside the casting seam, suggesting an imperfection in the shaping of the mould. There are also three holes in the upper body and collar of the axe, which are casting defects where the metal has not filled the mould completely. An oval hole (7.7 x 5.4mm) is present in the flared section of the collar on the opposite side of the axe to the side loop. On the opposite face of the axe are two linearly aligned oval holes, one in the gap by the loop (c.4.5 x 7.7mm), and one about 5mm above it (4.1 x 6mm).



The axe is largely covered in an even dark brown patina, mottled with tan and orange patches. The socket mouth has suffered some minor material loss, which shows a small patch of green corrosion product forming, as does the fragmentary cutting edge.



6. 7. and 8. Copper alloy socketed axe fragments - Type Croxton (conjoining fragments)



Dimensions: surviving length of No.6 54.9mm; surviving length of No.7 42.3mm; surviving length of No.8 24.8mm; external socket width 48.5mm; internal socket width 38.5mm; maximum collar depth 12.7mm; width of body below loop 38.2mm; width of No.7 18.8mm; width of No.8 24.4mm; weight No.6 76.7g; weight No.7 11.3g; weight No.8 9.2g; combined weight 97.1g.



These are three refitting fragments of an incomplete upper body of a ribbed socketed axe. The larger fragment (No.6) consists of one face of the upper body of a socketed axe, including the socket and collar, side loop, and upper part of the body bearing three vertical ribs. The second fragment (No.7) is much smaller and refits on the non-loop side, bearing part of the opposite face with two of the three ribs. The third fragment (No.8) is a small part of the socket mouth and moulding on the loop side, that forms an imperfect but probable refit with No. 6 and with very closely similar characteristics (e.g. the form and width of the collar, the same patina and unworn break edges), so that it can be concluded it was once part of the same axe. The area of refit between Nos. 6 and 8 indicates that there was some material loss during the breakage (e.g. a small section of metal) which would explain why these two fragments do not refit perfectly. The axe has split vertically down the socket, as well as across the body about 16.4mm below the side loop. 



The socket end (visible on fragments 6 & 8) is defined by a flat-topped mouth, with a wide and plain onset collar with straight and slightly everted sides. Three parallel lateral raised ribs extend from the base of the collar (fragment 6) and terminate below the point of breakage, though do not converge. Two of these have worn down or damaged. The surviving socket indicates it was originally sub-rectangular with rounded corners and the body was broadly hexagonal, with angular face edges. A narrow loop descends from the base of the collar, with the external casting seam on the loop placed off centre. Prominent raised casting seams are present on both sides of the axe fragment, though are blunt, suggesting they have been hammered down.



Fragment No.7 represents the corner of the upper body of the axe and part of the face with two lateral raised ribs. Fragment No.8 represents the corner of a flat-topped socket mouth,



with a deep onset collar moulding of identical proportions to No.6. The possible remains of a worn runner stump are visible on the mouth of fragment No. 8. This fragment has broken unevenly along three sides.



All fragments are largely covered in a dark brown patina, but this has delaminated in patches around the socket collar and along the ribs, leaving tan and pale green corrosion. All of the breakages along the sides, socket and body are soil covered, but not significantly eroded and retaining localised angularities along the breaks, suggesting that the breaks occurred while buried, rather than during retrieval.



9. Probable small face wall fragment of a ribbed socketed axe (probably part of Croxton Type socketed axe No. 6-8)



Dimensions: length 16.1mm; width 9.0mm; thickness 2.1mm; weight 1.27g.



This is a small, thin fragment of bronze, broken along all edges in antiquity. On one face, adjacent to a break line, there is a straight linear ridge, consistent with a decorative rib from the face of a ribbed socketed axe. The wall thickness of 2.1mm evident on this fragment is also consistent with the range of wall thicknesses seen on bronze socketed axes. One corner of this bronze fragment has been distorted, suggesting impact damage at some point, either in antiquity or more recent times.



There is a small patch of dark brown patina surviving on both faces at one end, though the original surface has delaminated from the rest of the object revealing pale green corrosion.



10. Copper alloy spearhead fragment - probably Group 11



Dimensions: surviving length 47.7mm; width at breakage 22.3mm; depth at breakage (across midrib) 7mm; thickness at tip 6.2mm; weight 14.5g.



This is a tip fragment of a socketed spearhead, broken unevenly in antiquity. It has a low, rounded midrib, and thick narrow blade wings, creating a pointed ovate section. The edge is abraded, making it difficult to determine the original form of the blade, but the slender nature of the tip indicates it may have been flame-shaped. The surviving tip is thick and blunt.



The spearhead seems to have broken pre-deposition across the upper blade, below the internal socket aperture. There is still material embedded in the socket, making it unclear how much further the socket extends. The break is uneven as one blade wing survives more than the other.



The fragment is largely covered in an even dark brown patina, with patches of surface delamination, particularly on the midrib, revealing green corrosion.



11. Copper alloy blade fragment - probable sword



Dimensions: surviving length 76.7mm; width at breaks 19.6 and 28.7mm; thickness at breaks 5.6 and 7.5mm; weight 66.3g.



This is a narrow fragment of a blade, broken at both ends. The blade tapers to one end, suggesting it is from the lower blade, towards the tip. It has a curved midrib, creating a biconvex section. The blade edges are abraded and there are no signs of bevels.



The breaks are consistently patinated and rough, suggesting the breakages occurred shortly before deposition. The breaks have occurred largely straight across the blade and show no signs of casting flaws, inclusions or porosity. The narrower end has a very slight transverse bend (c.3/4 degrees) associated with the break, though there are no other associated marks.



The fragment is largely covered in an uneven dark brown patina, with patches of surface delamination, revealing pale brown degradation.



12. Copper alloy casting jet - four runner form



Dimensions: top surface length 43.8mm; top surface width 21.4mm; maximum height 32.8mm; depth of pouring reservoir 17.5mm; weight 74.7g.



This is an oval-shaped jet with four runners, offset from the centre of the pouring reservoir. The reservoir is quite deep and has a rough, uneven upper surface. The underside of one end tapers in with straight sides towards the runners, while the other has more upright and straight sides leading down, shaped by the top of the mould. There is also a small bronze protrusion at the tapering end of the reservoir, while four runners extend from the base. These runners occur as two sets of two. Two are short (c.11mm) and rounded, with a slight split between them. The second pair are longer (17.7mm) and flatter, diverging more greatly, tapering from thick, broad protrusions to narrow stumps.



The jet is covered in an uneven brown patina that is delaminated in patches, particularly around the edges, revealing green corrosion.



13. Copper alloy casting jet - two runner form



Dimensions: top surface length 27.7mm; top surface width 21mm; maximum height 32.9mm; depth of pouring reservoir 14.1mm; weight 53.5g. 



This a semi-rectangular shaped jet in plan with two runners. The upper surface, of rectangular shape, is straight at the short ends, but tapers slightly in along the longer sides, shaped by the top of the mould. One runner is shorter (7.8mm) with an oval-section. The other runner is broad (17.3mm) and long (19mm) with a D-shaped section.



The jet is covered in an uneven brown patina that is delaminated in patches, particularly around the edges, revealing green corrosion.



14. Copper alloy annular ring



Dimensions: external diameter 30 x 29.1mm; internal diameter 22 x 22.4mm; bar diameter 3.8 - 4.0mm; weight 4.8g.



This is a complete circular, annular bronze ring with a circular section.



The ring is largely covered in a dark brown patina, but the surface has delaminated in patches revealing pale green corrosion.



15. Copper alloy complex circular object - possible vehicle wheel axle fitting or turning cap



Dimensions: diameter 52.3mm; height 30mm; height of cylinder c.21mm; internal diameter 25mm; thickness (of base) 9mm; weight 123.7g.



This is a cast, circular and hollow cylindrical object with a thick outer face and a circular perforation through the centre, with an inset projecting cylinder on the inner face. The margins of the disc, around both external diameter and internal perforation are bevelled, to give a presentable finish. The outer face is thick, heavy and wide, while the walls of the narrower internal cylinder are thinner. Part of the cylinder has broken away on one side. The cylinder tapers in at the centre of the body, before expanding again to a biconical moulding. There is a cast oval perforation through the narrow cylinder wall, while there is an aligning and corresponding curved groove across the underside of the outer disc. This appears to have once held a pin in place, to attach the casting to a larger composite object. The underside surface of the outer disc has diagonally aligned and parallel file or tool marks adjacent to the outer margins, while towards the interior the surface is covered with concentric linear striations, hinting at modern machine finishing.



The object is covered in a dark green patina.



This object was included in the report and for analysis (see below) as a precautionary measure, as superficially reminiscent of known chariot or cart fittings of Late Bronze Age and Iron Age date. 



16. Copper alloy casting waste - possibly slag



Dimensions: length 34.2mm; width 29.0mm; maximum thickness 17.0mm; min thickness 3.0mm; weight 15.4g.



This is a small, rough piece of casting waste, probably slag, with an uneven surface, caused by the cooling of the metal. The piece is irregularly-shaped and thicker at one end than the other.



This piece is covered in green corrosion.



This slag fragment was included in the report and for analysis (see below) as a precautionary measure, as consistent in general characteristics with bronze slag and casting waste associated elsewhere with Late Bronze Age hoards.","Bibliography



Audouze, F. & Courtois, J.-C. (1970) Les Epingles du Sud-Est de la France, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. XIII.1, München: C.H.Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Barnwell, E.L. (1864) Bronze Implements, Archaeologia Cambrensis 10(3rd series), 212-31.



Britton, D. (1968) Inventaria Archaeologica 9th Set GB.55. London: The Trustees of the British Museum.



Burgess, C., Coombs, D. & Davies, D.G. (1972) The Broadward Complex and Barbed Spearheads, In F. Lynch & C. Burgess (eds.), Prehistoric Man in Wales and the West; Essays in honour of Lily F. Chitty, Bath: Adams & Dart, 211-83.



Coles, J.M. (1959-60) Scottish Late Bronze Age metalwork: typology, distributions and chronology. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 93, 16-134.



Coombs, D. (2001) Metalwork. In F. Pryor The Flag Fen Basin. Archaeology of a Fenland landscape. Swindon: English Heritage, 255-98.



Coombs, D., Northover, P. and Maskell, J. (2003) The Tower Hill Axe hoard. In D. Miles, S. Palmer, S. Lock, C. Gosden, A. M. Cromarty (eds.) Uffington White Horse and its Landscape. Investigations at White Horse Hill Uffington, 1989-95 and Tower Hill Ashbury, 1993-4. Oxford: Oxford Archaeological Unit, 203-223.



Davis, R. (2015) The Late Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain. Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. V.7; Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.



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Davies, A. (2012) Beyond the Horizon: Ornaments in the British Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. Unpublished Masters thesis. Cardiff University.



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Fox, C. (1926) Note: A Bronze Hoard from Monmouthshire, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, 3(II), 155.



Eogan, G. (1974) Pins of the Irish Late Bronze Age. The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 104, 74-119.



Eogan, G. (1994) The Accomplished Art; Gold and Gold-Working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c. 2300-650BC), Oxbow Monograph 42, Oxford: Oxbow Books.



Gardner, W. & Savory, H.N. (1964) Dinorben; A Hill-fort Occupied in Early Iron Age and Roman Times, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



GGAT (1977-78) Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Annual Report, 31-2 & Fig. 8.



Green, H.S.R. (1983) Note: a Late Bronze Age gold hoard from Llanarmon-yn-Iâl, Clwvd. Antiquaries Journal 63, 384-7.



Green, H.S., Guilbert, G. & Cowell, M. (1983) Two gold bracelets from Maesmelan Farm, Powys. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 30(3/4), 394-398.



Griffiths, W.E. (1957) The Pant-y-Maen Bronze Hoard, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 17(II), 118-24.



Gwilt, A. (2004) Late Bronze Age Societies (1150-600BC); Tools and Weapons, In M. Aldhouse-Green & R. Howell (eds.), The Gwent County History Volume I; Gwent in Prehistory and Early History, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 111-39.



Gwilt, A. (n.d.) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from St. Nicholas, Vale of Glamorgan. Unpublished hoard manuscript.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. (2002) The Cowbridge Hoard, unpublished hoard manuscript.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. (2012) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Llantarnam, Torfaen (Treasure Case 11.16), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. (2016) A second Late Bronze Age hoard from Llantilio Crossenny Community, Monmouthshire (Treasure Case 15.06), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Kucharski, K., Silvester, R. & Davis, M. (2005) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevalyn Farm, Rossett, Wrexham, Studia Celtica 39, 27-61.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M., Schlee, D. Poucher, P. & Davis, M. (2011) A Late Bronze Age hoard from Manorbier, Pembrokeshire (Treasure Case 10.12 Wales), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M., Sell, S. & Davis, M. (2012a) A Late Bronze Age hoard from Colwinston, Vale of Galmorgan (Treasure Case 12.07), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Johnson, S.L., Lodwick, M. & Davis, M. (2012b) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from St Ishmael, Carmarthenshire (Treasure Case 11.10), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Worrell, S. (2013) Reporting finds, sharing treasures: Bronze Age metalwork discoveries from Wales, PAST 75, 10-12.



Gwilt, A., Flook, R. & Davis, M. (2014) A probable Late Bronze Age hoard from Cwm Cadnant Community, Anglesey (Treasure Case 13.13), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Davis, M. (2015a) A probable Late Bronze Age hoard from Penllyn, Vale of Glamorgan (Treasure Case 14.09),unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M., Davis, M, Chapman, E. & Daly, T. (2015b) A Late Bronze Age hoard from Trevethin, Torfaen (Treasure Case 14.24), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Sell, S. (2016) A probable Late Bronze Age hoard from Llanharan Community, Rhondda Cynon Taf (Treasure Case 15.04), unpublished treasure report.



Halstead, J. (2005) Bronze Age Settlement in the Welsh Marches, BAR British Series 384, Oxford: Archaeopress.



Hook D.R. & Needham, S.P. (1989) A comparison of recent analyses of British Late Bronze Age goldwork with Irish parallels, Jewellery Studies 3, 15-24.



Jones, W.D. (1861) Early British Remains - Newcastle-Emlyn, Archaeologia Cambrensis 7 (3rd series), 313.



Knight, M.G. (2017) NMGW-609095: A BRONZE AGE PALSTAVE Web page available at https://finds.org.uk/database/artefact/record/id/856345 [Accessed: 7 Nov 2017 08:24:12].



Knight, M.G., Ormrod, T. & Pearce, S.M. (2015) The Bronze Age Metalwork of South-Western Britain. A corpus of material found between 1983 and 2014. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Series 610.



Kubach, W. (1977) Die Nadeln in Hessen und Rheinhessen, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abt. XIII.3, München: C.H.Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Laux, F. (1976) Die Nadeln in Niedersachen, Prähistorische Bronzefunde Abt. XIII.4, München: C.H.Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Lodwick, M. & Gwilt, A. (2002) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Glascoed, Monmouthshire. Unpublished hoard manuscript.



Lodwick, M. & Gwilt, A. (2007) 486. Wick, the Vale of Glamorgan; Late Bronze Age base-metal hoard (04.7), Treasure Annual Report 2004, London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 200 & 319.



Lynch, F. (1991) Prehistoric Anglesey (2nd Edition). Llangefni: The Anglesey Antiquarian Society.



Metcalf, V. & Lambert, I.G. (1979) Note: Peterston-super-Ely (ST 07567547), Archaeology in Wales, 19, 17.



Murphy, K. (unpublished) Freshwater West, Dyfed; Bronze Age Hoard. Dyfed Archaeological Trust record number 14393.



Musson, C.R. (1991) The Breiddin Hillfort. A later prehistoric settlement in the Welsh Marches. Oxford: CBA Research Report No.76.



Needham, S. (1981) The Bulford-Helsbury Manufacturing Tradition; The production of Stogursey socketed axes during the later Bronze Age in Southern Britain, British Museum Occasional Paper No 13.



Needham, S.P. (1990) The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork; An analytical study of Thames Valley metalworking in its settlement context, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 70.



Needham, S. Ramsey, C.B., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C. & Pettitt, P. (1997) An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme, Archaeological Journal 154, 55-107.



Northover, J.P. (1980) Appendix: The Analysis of Welsh Bronze Age Metalwork, In H.N. Savory, 1980, Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, 229-43.



Northover, J.P. unpublished a, Bronze Age Metalwork from Wales and The Marches. Unpublished manuscript and catalogue.



Northover, J.P. unpublished b, The Analyses of Welsh Bronze Age Metalwork, listing of metallurgical compositions of sampled Bronze Age artefacts from Wales.



Pearce, S.M. (1970-1) A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Glentanar, Aberdeenshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 103, 57-64.



Pearce, S.M. (1983) The Bronze Age Metalwork of South-Western Britain. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports British Series 120.



RCAHMW (1997) Brecknock: Later Prehistoric Monuments and Unenclosed Settlements to 1000 A.D. Stroud: Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales.



Savory, H.N. (1971) Excavations at Dinorben, 1965-9, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



Savory, H.N. (1976) Welsh Hillforts: A Reappraisal of Recent Research, In D.W. Harding (ed.), Hillforts; Later Prehistoric Earthworks in Britain and Ireland, Academic Press: London, 237-91.



Savory, H.N. (1977) A new hoard of Bronze Age gold ornaments from Wales. Archaeologia Atlantica 2, 37-53.



Savory, H.N. (1980) Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. (1981) The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. IX.7; München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.",3,Copper alloy,Gold,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2016-08-26T23:00:00Z,,2016TW18,,,,,,,1,Adam Gwilt,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Powys,Powys,Llanfrynach,SO0625,From finder,51.91556676,-3.36808188,NMGW-47D2BB,,73814.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/73814.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1073153.jpg
962074,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy non-looped palstave in very poor condition, with surfaces badly pockmaked and blistered by bronze disease. The breaks are ancient. Almost all of the blade is missing with just a short length beyond the stop ridge present. The side flanges are largely intact but the butt end is damaged. Extant length and width 68 and 26mm. Thickness 20.5mm. Weight 135.13g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-04-15T23:00:00Z,2019-06-16T23:00:00Z,,,135.13,,,20.5,68,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Barton Turf,TG3522,Centred on field,52.7444993,1.48020758,NMS-5C8318,,60415_5C8318_MBA_PalstaveFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age non-looped palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60415_5C8318_MBA_PalstaveFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155090.jpg
962140,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"complete cast copper-alloy, plain socketed axe of the late Bronze Age (Wilburton/Ewart Park phase) dating c.1100-800BC.



Description: The axehead has a narrow sub-rectangular body, slightly narrower in the middle, with two concave faces flaring towards the blade end and slightly towards the haft end. In plan the blade is wide and flaring creating a crescentic cutting edge. The socket of the axehead is sub-rectangular with curving corners. It is proceed by a double raised collar. The casting seams on the sides of the axehead have not been worked down and remain fairly prominent, particularly towards the collar end. The blade edge has some wear but remains in good conditions. The side loop remains on one side. The axehead has a dark greenish well formed patina with some slightly lighter mottling in places, but is fairly restricted although may be areas where corrosion has begun to effect the axehead.



Measurements: Length of 73.84mm, with a width (at widest including loop) 42.65mm wide, thickness 34.16mm and a weight: 131.34g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-11-18T00:00:00Z,,,,131.34,,,34.16,73.8,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Lindsell,TL6327,GPS (from the finder),51.91767139,0.3686823,KENT-5E6C9F,,KENT5E6C9F.jpg,Socketted axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT5E6C9F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1064686.jpg
962265,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2250,-1900,"An Early Bronze Age (c. 2250 - c. 1900 BC) copper alloy developed flat axe of Type Aylesford with a slight stop ridge on both faces. It has a lenticular longitudinal cross-section and rectangular horizontal cross-section. The tang end is flat and measures 13.5x1.7mm. It expands to 18.7mm wide (and 8.5mm thick) at the stop-ridge, beyond which the edges of the blade below flare to a cutting edge 29.9mm wide (and 2.3mm thick). The cutting edge is slightly curved and the very edge is chamfered to both faces. Otherwise the edges of the object are sharp and c.90 degrees.

The patina is bluey-green in colour and smooth to touch. The chisel measures 96.4mm in length, 29.9mm in max.width, 8.5mm in max.thickness and weighs 84.55g.","Dr Dot Boughton comments, 'Developed flat axes .... are very early - Migdale and Aylesford metalworking tradition, that is Early Bronze Age period, probably dating from c. BC 2250 - c. BC 1900. This fits with Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II / III), of metalworking stage IV-VI, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2-3 circa 2250 - 1900 CAL. BC. There are parallels on the database:  WMID-4175F6; and possibly  NMGW-4FCA62 There are parallels in Schmidt and Burgess: nos. 312A and 312B (plates 26 and 27). These are plain - most other developed flat axes seem to be decorated' (pers. comm. July 2019).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,84.55,,,8.5,96.4,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chitterne,ST9842,From finder,51.17723143,-2.02999113,HAMP-710DC5,,HAMP710DC5.jpg,,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP710DC5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1065057.jpg
962528,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy socketed spearhead probably dating from the late Bronze Age, about 1100 – 800 BC. Only the tip of the spear remains which is triangular in plan and lozenge in section. The base of the socket can be seen at the broken end of the spear.



The metal has a dark green/brown patina and is worn. The spear is 57.9mm long, 22.7mm wide, 9.7mm thick and weighs 24g.



As this object represents only a small fragment of the spearhead it is not possible to classify the form of the complete object with complete confidence. However, the object's apparent lack of a pronounced midrib might be indicative of the 'hollow blade' type, Davis Group 12, and it is this classification which is tentatively suggested.



Similar objects have been recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database including NARC-8E2968, IOW-F3883D, and SUR-BB2595.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,24,,,9.7,57.9,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Buckden,SD9378,GPS (from the finder),54.19770712,-2.10879335,YORYM-8638A7,,NHY0003.jpg,Bronze Age : Spearhead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/NHY0003.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1065824.jpg
962778,Torc,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Solid gold armring with punched decoration. The armring is circular in section and curves in an oval shape, with overlapping terminals. Shallow punched dots cover the outer three quarters of the object. These measure approximately 1.44mm in diameter and are tightly clustered, with some overlap. There is noticeable wear to the outer edge of the object as the surface is smoother and the punched dots are much shallower.



Length: 82.09mm



Width: 68.57mm



Diameter: 11.55mm



Weight: 311g





Discussion:



The armring is similar in form to those of the Tullydonnell hoard from County Donegal, which were dated to c. 1200 - 800 BC. A direct parallel with punched decoration is known from Trimblestown Castle, County Meath, which is now in the collections of the National Museum of Ireland (Armstrong, E. C. R. (1920) Guide to the Collection of Irish Antiquities, p. 94, no. 412, pl. XVIII, no. 392). This was dated to c. 800 - 700 BC. The object is also paralleled by a larger example from The Lee, Buckinghamshire, recorded as a bracelet (Treasure Trove case no. 315 from 199/4, now in Buckinghamshire County Museum, Wendover). A small scale excavation at the findspot of the bracelet recovered no evidence of a feature or container but it was noted that the object came from the ploughsoil and may have been disturbed (Treasure Trove file, British Museum archive). Unlike the object under discussion, the punched dotted decoration on The Leeexample extended across the terminals. Similar punched decoration also appears on gold plated base metal late Bronze Age penannular rings (sometimes called bullae) of Lough Gara type (Ibid., p. 93, nos 404 - 406). Given the paucity of examples known, it is unclear whether this armring is an Irish or British type.





Authors:                                                                                                         



Lydia Prosser

FLO for Lancashire and Cumbria



Neil Wilkin

The British Museum



Mary Cahill​​​​​​​

National Museum of Ireland Galway","In terms of the date and precious metal content of this object, it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",3,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2019T645,,,,,,,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,North West,Cumbria,Copeland,St. Bees,NX9514,Generated from computer mapping software,54.5103938,-3.62327836,LANCUM-C6B5FC,,LANCUMC6B5FC.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUMC6B5FC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1065609.jpg
963082,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1700,"A complete copper alloy miniature flat axe or possibly a chisel, 67.2 mm in length and dating to the early to late early Bronze Age (2050 BC- 1700BC).



The axe has straight sides, expanding into a cutting edge, which is curved and 36.6 mm across, with a cutting edge around 3 mm thick. The butt end narrows to 26.9 mm in width and is slightly convex. There are flanges on both sides of the shaft. The profile of the axe is lenticular or an elongated pointed oval with a maximum thickness at the centre of 13.2 mm. Weight 130.45 gsm



The surface is heavily pitted with the brownish-green patina of copper-alloy.



Notes:



This object's form is similar to full-sized, solid flat axes, resembling a smaller version of the earliest and simplest solid cast copper alloy axe-heads with tapering sides and rounded butts. It is uncertain whether it is a miniature axe or a chisel intended for fine working or was intended as a votive object; it is larger than other miniature axes (eg.HAMP-B3BE22, HAMP-657353) which have been proposed to have a votive function (Robinson, P; 1995).



Miniature flat axes such as this tend to fit in the chronology at the very end of the early Bronze Age when developed axes are starting out. It is likely that this example is dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II-III), of metalworking tradition phase IV-V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2050 - 1700 CAL. BC. Axes of this size and form are difficult to parallel, Schmidt & Burgess (1981) catalogue a number of small developed flat axes as Variant Swinton (p 67-8, nos. 375-380) but all examples are between 87mm and 92mm in length. Although this example is smaller it may have been used for a similar function.



See also LANCUM-B28EB0.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,130.45,,,13.2,67.2,1,Paul Whiteside,Paul Whiteside,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Eagle and Swinethorpe,SK8966,From finder,53.18366297,-0.66962992,PUBLIC-E10708,,PublicE10708.jpg,PUBLIC-E10708: Bronze age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lisabrundle/PublicE10708.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1075122.jpg
963177,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-700,"A fragment of a Bronze Age dagger blade, (1150-700 BC.) The object is a sub-rectangular fragment of copper alloy, with a straight, horizontal break or cut at both the top and bottom ends. The blade has a convex-surfaced on either face which gradually tappers towards the cutting edges. It has a mid green patina.



The fragment measures 18.2mm long, 29.3mm wide, 5.6mm thick and weighs 12.3 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-30T23:00:00Z,2018-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,12.3,,,5.6,18.2,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Patching,TQ0807,From finder,50.85244438,-0.46711013,SUSS-F1E8E5,,F1E8E5.jpg,,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/carolina/F1E8E5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1067131.jpg
963729,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-900,"An incomplete copper alloy tanged chisel of Middle to Late Bronze Age dating (1600 BC to 900 BC).



Around 50% of the tanged chisel is present, consisting of the top part of the chisel blade and most of the tang. The tang is rectangular in shape, with a rectangular cross section. The top displays an old patinated break. The sides taper down to a point. No stop ridge is present at the junction between the tang and the chisel. The top of the chisel blade is present, with a narrow edge, but incomplete. Stamped circular hammer marks are present as decoration on the front of the tanged chisel.



It measures 85.5 mm in length, 18.3 mm wide at the top of the tang, 18.9 mm wide at the chisel end. 8.7 mm thick at the top of the tang, 6.4 mm thick at the centre point between tang and chisel and 1.8 mm thick at the chisel end. It weighs 65.9 g.



The tanged chisel is dark green colour with an even surface patina. The surface is slightly pitted, due to soil conditions.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,65.9,,,8.7,85.5,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Montford,SJ4218,From finder,52.75648092,-2.86084286,WMID-6E0421,,WMID6E0421.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age: Incomplete tanged chisel,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID6E0421.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1066137.jpg
963966,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-800,"A fragment of Bronze Age axehead dating to c. 2350-800 BC. The find is the tip of the corner of a blade. It is sub-triangular in plan and triangular in cross section. The extant edge comes around in a right angle, which ends in an old break.



Length: 15.70mm; width: 12.20mm; thickness: 5.0mm; weight: 3.16g.","
Found by eye during geophysical survey of possible Roman site
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Controlled archaeological investigation (unstratified),2018-08-14T23:00:00Z,,,,3.16,,,5,15.7,1,Sophie Hawke,Sophie Hawke,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,South Wraxall,ST8163,From finder,51.36574179,-2.27430325,WILT-83450D,,WILT83450D.jpg,Bronze age axehead,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/denisewilding/WILT83450D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1114105.jpg
964016,Finger Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,180,"An incomplete copper alloy spiral finger-ring. It is circular and formed by two coils of an oval cross-sectioned metal wire; both ends taper and flatten slightly. The patina is corroded in patches of dark and pale green. The outside surface is very abraded and heavily pitted, while the inside of the ring is smoother.



It is difficult or impossible to tell Bronze Age from Iron Age from Roman spiral finger-rings. It is possible that earlier examples of prehistoric finger-rings may have more turns around the finger and be thicker than later examples. It is therefore a possibility that this finger-ring can be dated to the Bronze Age period.



Similar objects has been recorded on the PAS database as HAMP-7556B3, SF-4497E7 and SF-761FF6 , see also examples of spiral finger-rings in the Near Lewes hoard (SUSS-C5D042) and the Ockham hoard (SUR-B41DB6), both Middle Bronze Age in date.



Diameter: 29.37 mm, Thickness: 2.5mm, Weight: 3.4g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.4,,29.3,2.5,,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Lyford,SU3994,Centred on field,51.64345412,-1.43778401,OXON-84A7BD,,OXON84A7BDSpiralRing.jpg,Bronze Age: Ring: Finger Ring spiral,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bertie123/OXON84A7BDSpiralRing.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1072776.jpg
964415,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1000,1900,"A Cast copper alloy bead, dating from the Bronze Age to Post medieval period.  The bead is circular and D shaped in cross section, with a raised ridge running around the centre of the outer bead hoop. It has a mid green patina and measures 11.2mm in external diameter, 7.4mm internally, 7.5mm wide, 1.0mm thick and weighs 1.08g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-16T00:00:00Z,,,,1.08,,11.2,1,,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Milton Keynes,Milton Keynes,Haversham-cum-Little Linford,SP8343,GPS (from the finder),52.07914794,-0.79026831,BUC-AD3C04,,BUCAD3C04.jpg,Copper alloy bead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCAD3C04.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1066494.jpg
964529,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of cast and decorated possible socket gouge, dating Middle - Late Bronze Age, possibly Wilburton-Ewart Park phase c.1000-800BC.



Description: The fragment is irregularly shaped heavily worn and patinated. It represents part of the body and socket of the object and is crescentic in cross-section. The rim is raised and triangular in cross-section, it has incised herringbone decoration. The breaks are relatively worn likely indicating archaic damage. It has an even bright green patination.



Measurements: 33.95mm long, 27.3mm wide, 12.13mm thick and 23.57g in weight.



Discussion: This fragment is very limited in size and makes exact identification difficult. From the form of the fragment it seems likely that the object is a socket gauge of some description although this would make a very large example. In regards size it seems more in line with socketed axes but the only group with similar, albeit cast decoration are Axes with Rope Moulded Mouth type which are known from Scotland (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, nos. 1033-1037) with one known from Northern England LANCUM-D99FD1 so this link is tenuous.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.57,,,12.13,33.95,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Swale,Sheldwich,TR0055,Generated from computer mapping software,51.25907021,0.86501887,KENT-EAC37E,,KENTEAC37E.jpg,Ba fragment,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTEAC37E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1066683.jpg
964811,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC) socketed axehead, consisting of the cutting edge only and broken possibly at the very end of the socket. The cutting edge has a pronounced curve and both faces retain much of the dark, smooth original patina. One face shows numerous light tooling marks. The break is worn and has a lentoid or pointed-oval cross-section, measuring 54.2x7.9mm. The fragment is 18.8mm long, 54.2mm in max.width, 7.9mm in max.thickness, 1.2mm in min.thickness (at the cutting edge) and weighs 21.01g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.01,,,7.9,18.8,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Wylye,SU0040,Generated from computer mapping software,51.15925138,-2.00137982,HAMP-025CBF,,HAMP025CBF.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP025CBF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1070733.jpg
964861,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"A Late Bronze Age (1150-750 BC) copper alloy penannular ring, or core of a penannular ring. The object is circular in cross-section (c.5.4mm diameter) with abutting terminals, a 0.9mm wide gap between. The cross section narrows at the terminals to c.4.4mm in diameter. The surface of the metal is very pitted and no original patina remains.

The ring measures 16.6mm in length, 14.9mm in height, 5.4mm in max.thickness and weighs 5.01g. The circular opening at the centre measures c.5.7mm in diameter.","'The penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange' (Mark Lodwick and Mary Davis in record NMGW-04216C; references therein).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-23T00:00:00Z,2019-02-23T00:00:00Z,,,5.01,,,5.4,16.6,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Houghton,SU3433,Generated from computer mapping software,51.09530587,-1.51585486,HAMP-03E054,,HAMP03E054.jpg,Bronze Age penannular ring,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP03E054.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1070728.jpg
964862,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete Late Bronze Age (c.1150-800 BC) copper alloy probable awl, with a square cross-section tapering into a flat rectangular sectioned tang at one end, and an oval cross section tapering to a rounded point at the other. The point has been bent out of shape.

Date: Late Bronze Age  - AD 1150 - 800 BC

Dimensions: 54.33 mm x 4.13 mm x 3.71 mm

Weight: 3.24 g



Similar to database record HAMP-10928A and DOR-AD77774",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.24,,,3.71,54.33,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Hinton St. Mary,ST7916,From finder,50.94305292,-2.30027287,DOR-03E430,,DOR03E430.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl (probably),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR03E430.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1067645.jpg
964996,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-800,"Complete copper-alloy Late Bronze Age (c. 950-800 BC) socketed axehead. The axe is sub rectangular in plan and has a flared crescent shaped cutting blade edge. The sides are triangular in shape. The socket is sub-square in section.



The axe is 101.2mm in length. The blade is 44.4mm wide. The internal wall of the axe is approx 6.4mm thick. The external width of the socket is 40.7mm, whilst the internal width is 30.6mm. The width of the axe inclusing the loop is 40.6mm. The weight is 307.0g



The socket features a moulded bevelled collar which is immediately above a similar moulded band of lower relief. It is from this band that the top of the loop emerges. The loop has an external diameter of 22.7mm and in internal diameter of 10.6mm. It extends approx. 11.7mm from the side of the axe.



Both triangular shaped sides of the axe have the remains of a prominent casting seam still visible. The sub-rectangular faces of the axe are plan and undecorated. The axe widens towards the curving blade edge.



The axe is a dark green colour and the surface patina is relatively intact; being smooth with some abrasion, particular on the blade edge.



The diagnostic feature of this axe are prominent collar above a rib and plain decoration on the axe's body. This is characteristic of South-Eastern type socketed axeheads first defined by Butler (1963: 82-3). O’Connor (1980: 161) and Schmidt and Burgess (1981: 212, 216-7) date these to Ewart Park phase (950-800 cal BC following Roberts et al 2013)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-07-28T23:00:00Z,,,,307,,,,101.2,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Braintree,,TL7625,From finder,51.89575441,0.55649143,ESS-17E797,,ESS17E797.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESS17E797.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1067151.jpg
965080,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Incomplete cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this ingot is sub-rectangular in plan, triangular in profile, and square in section, as it comes from one edge of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1000-700 BC. The surface of the ingot is pitted where air bubbles formed during the casting process and the sides of the fragment have cavities typically seen in these bun ingots. There is a large rectangular rim and recess at the outer edge which could potentially represent a socket from a socketed tool that has been melted into the ingot. There are dark green and coppery brown areas and light green patches of bronze disease. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2016 T20) from St Levan (CORN-E8DF11) and in another hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which were found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, no.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar plano-convex ingot from Churston Ferrers in Devon on page 79, pl.6, no.123b recorded in DEV-D9F1E2 (2011T441) which are dated from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-06-01T23:00:00Z,2019-06-01T23:00:00Z,,,296.25,29,,29,60,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Breage,SW6231,GPS (from the finder),50.13122767,-5.33156497,CORN-1C444C,,DSCN7762.JPG,ingot (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN7762.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1067274.jpg
965252,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1450,80,"An incomplete fragment most probably part of a copper alloy ""Moustache-shaped"" object probably of Middle Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age date (1500-300 BC). The artefact is heavily rolled resulting in abrasion to all surfaces. What remains is globular in form (teardrop shaped) with an oval cross section. It is probably one of a pair of pointed drop-shaped elements conjoined by an integrally cast bar. The remains of a heavily eroded rectangular bar is present on one side of the droplet. The external edges are all decorated with multiple longitudinal grooves The metal is a mid-green in colour with a smooth patina.



Notes:

These moustache-like objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (Current Archaeology March 2012, Issue 264, 35). Some are 'single' examples while others are 'double' like this example, the drop-shaped elements often extending downwards rather more than outwards, for example YORYM-1AA0C5, SF-520513, HAMP-6F4C45, BERK-C3E5A3 and BH-AA1CBE. Descriptions of other moustache-like objects with similar perforations describe iron corrosion or wood mineralisation around the perforation. Although very similar to wing-shaped chapes, it seems unlikely they had a similar function, as the perforation (and size of the object) is comparably small.



The object measures: 8.36mm thick, 17.36mm in length, 10.76mm in width and weighs 4.6 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.6,,,8.36,17.36,1,Jake Benjamin Dolphin,Jake Benjamin Dolphin,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Eardisland,SO4258,,52.2171443,-2.85037379,HESH-40BA7C,,HESH40BA7C.jpg,Roman: Brooch,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dolphin/HESH40BA7C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1072527.jpg
965279,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"A cast copper alloy fragment from the mouth and corner of a late Bronze Age (1150-750 BC) socketed axehead. There is little or no decoration present although one edge is thickened as it rises to form the mouth of the axe. The fragment is a mid grey green colour with a well formed surface patina. A direct parallel or sub-type is difficult to provide due to the small nature of the artefact.



The axe fragment measures:



40.36mm in length, the width ranges from 28.38 to 9.60, 7.93 in thickness and weighs 30.9 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.9,,,7.93,40.36,1,Peter Reavill,Jake Benjamin Dolphin,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Eardisland,SO4358,,52.21724888,-2.83573833,HESH-41C86D,,HESH41C86D.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dolphin/HESH41C86D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1072532.jpg
965281,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"A small fragment from the body of a late bronze age socketed axehead. The fragment is a mid-grey green colour with a well formed surface patina. A direct parallel or sub-type has not been found due to the small nature of the surviving fragment 



The object measures:



36.97mm in length, the width is 31.72, the thickness is 8.55mm and weighs 27.6 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,27.6,,,8.55,36.97,1,Jake Benjamin Dolphin,Jake Benjamin Dolphin,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Eardisland,SO4358,,52.21724888,-2.83573833,HESH-41D60B,,HESH41D60B.jpg,Bronze Age: Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dolphin/HESH41D60B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1072534.jpg
965441,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Ribbed socketed axe fragment, probable South Wales type



Dimensions: Maximum surviving length 48.6mm; maximum surviving width at mouth 40.9mm; thickness of mouth 5.3-7.2mm; width of upper loop 4.0mm; dimensions runner-stubs (1) near loop 8.3 by 2.9mm; height 0.1mm; (2) face 6.6 by 2.9mm; height 0.1mm; surviving weight 39.4g. 



This is an upper face and partial mouth fragment of a ribbed bronze socketed axe. The axe has a collar, which in profile is vertical rather than everted, with a slightly convex shape and slight rounding at the upper and lower edge margins. A narrow upper loop-stub is present, which is high-set and descends from the collar. The mouth is wide and flat, with two runner-stubs evident beside the loop-stub and at the centre of the axe face. The external and internal plan shape of the mouth was once sub-rectangular with rounded corners. Two poorly defined decorative ribs may be seen on this small fragment, descending from the collar down the upper face of the axe and near parallel with each other. The axe fragment has been bent and distorted in antiquity, probably through hammering and bending to break the axe up. The mouth corner has been bent slightly inwards, making the internal angle around 70 degrees, rather than the expected 90 degrees. On the non-loop side of the mouth, there is bending near the break, giving the mouth and collar a concave outer surface. Near the break across the face, there is also distortion of the wall profile, giving the external face a concave profile and this was probably created through hammer impact. On the loop-side of the face there is a flattened impact facet, which has partly obscured one of the decorative ribs, although it is not certain as to whether this was damage caused in antiquity or during the recent retrieval of the axe from the ground. The axe fragment has a dark grey-green patina, with mouth top and break-edges showing areas of light-green and powdery surfaces. On the non-loop side, the collar break-edge shows a small area of unstable cracking within an area of light green and powdery corrosion deposit. 




Ribbed socketed axe fragment, probable South Wales type



Dimensions: Maximum surviving length 76.0mm; maximum surviving width at mouth 34.2mm; thickness of mouth 5.6-6.7mm; dimensions runner stub - face 8.5 by 5.0mm; height 0.1mm; surviving weight 43.1g. 



This is an upper face, partial mouth and side fragment on the non-loop side of a ribbed bronze socketed axe. The axe has a narrow, well-defined collar, which in profile is straight and vertical rather than everted. The mouth was once near flat-topped, but has become distorted and slightly angled by later damage. The traces of two runner stubs may be detected, a complete one near the centre of a face side and a very small remnant stub trace on the non-loop side, just evident as a remaining slight protuberance on the mouth surface near the break. The external and internal plan of the mouth of the axe was once sub-rectangular with rounded corners. Two well defined decorative ribs may be seen on this small axe fragment descending from the collar down the upper face of the axe. The diagonal break across the face has removed all but the upper short section of the central rib, however the surviving side rib is straight, suggesting these two ribs were straight and parallel. The axe fragment has been bent and distorted in antiquity, probably through hammering while heated, to break the axe up. In plan, the mouth corner angle is around 120 degrees, rather than the expected 90 degrees and there is also a hammer impact mark on the collar, causing the mouth top to invert and distort. Along the diagonal face break, there is outward bending of the axe wall along the break margin and it is likely that the axe side has been distorted, as evidenced by a concave and splaying side-profile. On the interior wall surface, on the lower face, there is a localised tear in the metal, extending 5mm up the face. The break surfaces are markedly irregular, their patination indicating the axe was broken in antiquity. The axe surfaces have a dark grey-green patination. There are small localised areas of light-green and powdery corrosion products along breaks. At the tapering lower face and side tip of the fragment, there is an area of visible and unstable cracking within an area of light green and powdery corrosion deposit.




Plain socketed axe fragment



Dimensions: Maximum surviving length 49.1mm; maximum surviving width at mouth 28.5mm; maximum surviving width at lower loop insertion 37.2mm; thickness of mouth 5.1-7.1mm; width of lower loop 5.0mm; surviving weight 39.2g. 



This is an upper face, side and partial mouth fragment of a plain bronze socketed axe. The axe has a narrow everted mouth moulding, defined on its lower margin by a wide concave shaped and inset moulding. A lower loop-stub is present on the axe side, indicating a narrow loop, the break having removed the upper stub. The mouth was once near flat-topped, but has become distorted through later damage. There are no runner-stubs or scars evident on this partial mouth fragment. The external and internal plan of the mouth of the axe was once sub-rectangular with rounded corners. The face of the axe is plain. Part of the casting seam down the upper loop side survives, indicating the seam was hammered or filed down as the axe was prepared for use. The axe fragment has been bent and distorted in antiquity, probably through hammering and bending to break the axe up. In plan, the mouth corner is around 120 degrees rather than the 90 degrees expected, while near the break on the non-loop mouth, the mouth top has been distorted inwards, possibly through a hammer blow. On the lower face side, there is pronounced denting of the axe surface, giving a marked concavity in the face surface. A localised point of impact with a blunt ended tool with a round head may be observed, while the even patination indicates this occurred in antiquity. The break surfaces are markedly irregular in places. The axe fragment has a dark grey-green patination. Around the mouth top and along break-edges there are areas of light-green and powdery corrosion deposits.




Cast copper-alloy pot or cauldron leg fragment



Dimensions: Maximum width 38.2mm; maximum surviving length 31.5mm; maximum surviving length of inner faceted 17.3mm; surface maximum thickness 20.5mm; surviving weight 70.1g. 



This is a wedge-shaped and tapering bronze artefact fragment, with one flat side, one convex faceted side and two break surfaces, one upper and one lower. The upper part of this object is both widest and thickest, the object tapering and thinning towards it foot. The front face is shaped flat, while the reverse has a narrow flattened top with a side facet on each side, giving a raised angular convex profile. The break along the upper surface has a diagonal downward angle, making the inner faceted face markedly narrower than the front and flat face. The surfaces are all heavily worn and corroded with a light-green and powdery patina, to the extent that the facets on the reverse surface are now poorly defined. The lower break is irregular while the upper break is particularly uneven and corroded, indicating the breaks occurred in antiquity. In one small area along the lower break, there is an area of exposed bronze metal, which has been recently scraped or filed.","References 



Briggs, C.S. & Williams, G.H. 1995. The Late Bronze Age Hoard from Allt Gelli Felen, Myddfai,



Carmarthenshire, and other recent finds of South Wales axes, Archaeologia Cambrensis 144,



37-51.



Burgess C. 2012. South Welsh socketed axes and other carp's tongue conundrums, In W.J. Britnell &



R.J. Silvester (eds.), Reflections on the Past; Essays in honour of Frances Lynch, Cambrian



Archaeological Association, 237-53.



DCMS 2002. The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales, London:



Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



GGAT 1977-78. Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Annual Report, 31-2 & Fig. 8.



Gwilt, A. 2004. Late Bronze Age Societies (1150-600BC); Tools and Weapons, In M. Aldhouse-



Green & R. Howell (eds.), The Gwent County History Volume I; Gwent in Prehistory and Early History, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 111-39.



Gwilt, A., Johnson, S.L., Lodwick, M. & Davis, M. 2011. Treasure Act 1996 (Case 11.10 Wales); A 



Late Bronze Age Hoard from St. Ishmael, Carmarthenshire, unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Worrell, S. 2013. Reporting Finds, sharing treasures: Bronze Age



metalwork discoveries from Wales, PAST 75, 10-12.



McNeil, R. 1973. A Report on the Bronze Age Hoard from Wick Park, Stogursey, Somerset,



Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 117, 46-64.



Metcalf, V. & Lambert, I.G. 1979. Note: Peterston-super-Ely (ST 07567547), Archaeology 



in Wales, 19, 17.



Moore, C.N. 1978. The South Welsh Axe: Its Origins and Distribution, Archaeological Journal 135,



57-66.



Needham, S. 1981. The Bulford-Helsbury Manufacturing Tradition; The production of Stogursey 



socketed axes during the later Bronze Age in Southern Britain, British Museum Occasional



Paper No 13.



Needham, S.P. 1990. The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork; An analytical study of Thames Valley 



metalworking in its settlement context, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 70.



Northover, J.P. unpublished. Bronze Age Metalwork from Wales and The Marches. Unpublished



manuscript and catalogue.



Savory, H.N. 1980. Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of



Wales.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische



Bronzefunde, Abt IX.7; München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Storrie, J. 1887. Interesting Discovery at Llantwit Major, Archaeologia Cambrensis



4 (5th series), 151-55.



Wear, S.L. unpublished Recent Finds of Bronze and Iron Age Metalwork from Margam Beach; with



contributions on metal analysis and axe typology by Dr. P. Northover, unpublished draft



manuscript.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2016-08-22T23:00:00Z,,2016TW27,,,,,,,1,Adam Gwilt,Mark Lodwick,,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,,SN3907,,51.73851691,-4.33313225,NMGW-8173CF,,73853.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/73853.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1073133.jpg
965601,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy, tip from a spearhead, probably of Middle Bronze Age period, dating from c. BC 1500 to c. BC 1150.



The object is broadly triangular in plan and broadly lozenge shaped in cross section. The object has a rounded point at the top, which seems to have sustained some damage. From the point the sides of the object taper out, ensuring the object is wider at the base. There is a central raised ridge running vertically down the middle of the spear head, this appears on both sides. There is an old horizontal break at the base of the object, probably indicating the spear was broken in antiquity. There is damage to both edges of the blade.



It measures 37.2 mm in length, 12.5 mm wide (base), 7.2 mm wide (tip) and 6.6 mm thick. It weighs 7.7 g.



The spear head is a mid green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail. This object has lost most of it's diagnostic features and as a result further classification is difficult. However similar spearhead fragments have been recorded on the database, including SWYOR-1F74C1, SF-C557DC and WMID-270D2F. All have been dated to the Middle Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-18T23:00:00Z,2019-05-18T23:00:00Z,,,7.7,,,6.6,37.2,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,East Midlands,Leicestershire,North West Leicestershire,Appleby Magna,SK3009,From finder,52.67787579,-1.55771883,WMID-95EB72,,WMID95EB72.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete spear head,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID95EB72.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1067636.jpg
965657,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2350,1500,"A copper alloy casting sprue, probably dating to 2000 BC - AD 1500. The waste is sub-hemispherical in form, oval in plan and with three sprues projecting from the rounded apex of the hemisphere.



The waste measures 15.2mm in height - the three ""fingers"" project about 7 mm above this height, the length is 45.7 mm and the width is 35.5 mm. The waste weighs 87.69 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,87.67,15.2,,,45.7,1,Claire Goodey,Claire Goodey,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,From finder,51.01537053,-1.95860828,WILT-9968A6,,WILT9968A6.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT9968A6.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100815.jpg
965669,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Descriptions 




Type Meldreth, Variant Aylsham faceted axe (Class D) - socket mouth and loop fragment



Dimensions: Maximum surviving length 44.6mm; maximum surviving width at mouth 34.5mm; depth of collar to upper moulding margin 17.6mm; width of loop 5.3-5.5mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 20.9g. 



This is a partial mouth, upper face and loop-side fragment of a bronze slender socketed axe. The axe has a deep and trumpet shaped collar, whose lower margins are defined by three horizontal grooves, with a combined maximum width of approximately 4mm. The mouth top is flat, but the original shape of the mouth in plan is now unknown, due to distortion and bending of the fragment. The loop is slender and its upper arm descends from within the lower collar zone. The upper surviving face-edge on the loop-side has been emphasised by a vertical rib descending from the grooved collar lower margin. A facet is also visible on the upper face, running in near parallel with the ribbed face-edge, the facet edge also descending from the grooved collar margin. The axe fragment has been severely bent out of shape in the upper collar area, possibly in antiquity and prior to the burial of the artefact. The artefact has a brown patina and the break-edges look to be ancient. The axe fragment has suffered a modern glancing scrape along the upstanding and ribbed face-edge and on the collar, revealing areas of green patina and surface shine, where the original surfaces have been damaged. It is likely that this surface damage occurred during the recent discovery and retrieval of the socketed axe by the finder, or by through impact with agricultural machinery, when the axe was disturbed and dispersed from its original burial context.




Small ribbed socketed axe (undiagnostic to type) - blade fragment



Dimensions: maximum surviving length 27.4mm; width at upper break 36.6mm; blade width 42.8mm; max. surviving depth of socket approx. 11mm; surviving weight (prior to conservation) 40.6g. 



This is a blade-end fragment of a small bronze socketed axe, with just the base of the socket present and surviving. Near the blade, the sides flare out with concave curves to provide a modestly expanded blade edge. The ends of ribbed decoration is evident on both faces, four ribs present on one face, and one, possibly two ribs surviving on the opposite face. The ribs extend far down the face of the axe, their ends being between 12-18mm from the blade edge. Prominent casting seams are evident down each side, however appear to have been rapidly hammered down. Striations parallel with the blade edge suggest it was prepared for use after casting. The socket mould part was misaligned during casting, resulting in an extremely thin face wall on one side (0.7mm thick) and a thickened wall on the other (3.8-4.3mm thick). The axe fragment has a brown surface patina. There are localised patches near the blade edge where original surfaces have not survived and these have a green patina.



Identification & Discussion 



One of the artefact fragments (Cat. 1, above) may be identified as a Type Meldreth, Variant Aylsham or Class D slender faceted axe. The deep and trumpet shaped collar, slender form and facet on the surviving upper face are all diagnostic of Class D / Type Meldreth axes, while the lower horizontal grooved moulding typifies the Type Aylsham Variant (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 204-7; Needham 1990, 41-3; Gwilt et al 2005, 37-8). Type Meldreth axes are generally regarded as of British type, although they do occur in Ireland and France (O' Connor 1980, 166-7; Needham 1990, 43; Eogan 2000, 53-62, Cats. 296-392). Nearly all of the known hoard associations containing these axes are securely of Late Bronze Age date and belonging to the Ewart Park phase between 1000-800 BC (e.g. Needham 1990, 43; Eogan 2000, 61), although a few examples have been found in slightly earlier Late Bronze Age hoards dating to 1150-1000 BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, 210-1; Needham 1990, 43; Eogan 2000, 61). In Wales, approaching 40 examples of slender faceted axes of Meldreth or Class D type are now known, being most common across south-east Wales (e.g. Savory 1980, 120-2, Cats. 278 & 282; Gwilt 2004; Northover unpublished, 257-8, 267-9 & Cats. 583-610). Examples of these axes have been found in recently reported hoards from Rossett Community (Wrexham), Llanfrynach Community (Powys), Grosmont Community (Monmouthshire) and Llanharan Community (Rhondda Cynon Taf), all belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (Gwilt et al 2005; 2016; 2018; Knight et al 2017).



The second socketed axe blade fragment (Cat. 2, above) belonged to a small ribbed socketed axe, however this blade end fragment is not diagnostic to precise type. Various forms of ribbed axes are common components of hoards from south-east Wales and belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC). For example, ribbed axes of South Wales Type and their Variant forms are a frequent and dominating element within Ewart Park hoards of Late Bronze Age date across south-east Wales (e.g. McNeil 1973, Fig. 9; Moore 1978; Savory 1980, 49, 120-2; Needham 1981; Gwilt 2004). Here, over 40 hoards now contain at least 150 examples, making it the core area within Britain for their burial within hoards. In addition, ribbed socketed axes, variously known as Southern English/Welby Type ribbed axes, Yorkshire Type axes, Croxton Type axes, Breiddin Type axes and Llanarth Type axes have been found beside South Wales type axes in around a dozen known hoards of Ewart Park date from south-east Wales (e.g. Storrie 1887; Metcalf & Lambert 1979; Savory 1980, 120-1, Cats. 273, 280, 281; Gwilt 2004, 132-4, Appendix 1.1, 1.3, 1.10; Gwilt & Lodwick 2005; 2006; 2013; Lodwick & Gwilt 2007; Gwilt 2008; Northover unpublished, Hoards 74, 79, 85, 124). Therefore, this presence is entirely consistent with a Late Bronze Age hoard association from this region.



The two reported artefacts were discovered approximately 80m apart and within the same field. Given their contemporary Late Bronze Age date, probably within the Ewart Park phase and dating to 1000-800 BC, it is probable that these two artefacts were once part of a directly associated hoard group and buried in the ground at the same time. It is probable that the ancient hoard group was disturbed and dispersed during recent agricultural activity, such as ploughing, harrowing or during earth movement events in the field.



A preliminary search of the Heritage Environment Record (HER) for the area (via www.archwilio.org.uk) revealed no Bronze Age features or sites in the adjacent fields. Some prehistoric activity is known to the east on Mynydd Llangors and Cefn Moel, in the form of hut settlements, a putative burnt mound and burial chamber and occasional flint tool finds. It is potentially significant that the landscape location selected for the deposition of this small hoard was in the vicinity of Cwm Nantyfelin stream. This watercourse has its origins in multiple springs draining off the slopes of Cefn Moel, located 1-2km to the east-north-east. It flows westwards and converges with Afon Llynfi, 0.5-1km to the west, before draining into Llangors Lake to the north. This specific watery landscape locality is likely to have been deliberately selected for the deposition of the hoard as a gift to the gods (Gwilt 2004, 121; Gwilt et al 2013, 11). This pattern is repeated with the siting of a number of Late Bronze Age hoards across south-east Wales, adding strength to this observation.","References 



British Museum 2008. Treasure Annual Report 2005/6, London: The British Museum.



DCMS 2002. The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (Revised); England & Wales, London:



Department for Culture, Media and Sport.



Eogan, G. 2000. The Socketed Bronze Axes of Ireland, Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abt. IX.22,



Stuttgart; Franz Steiner Verlag.



Gwilt, A. 2004. Late Bronze Age Societies (1150-600BC); Tools and Weapons, In M. Aldhouse-



Green & R. Howell (eds.), The Gwent County History Volume I; Gwent in Prehistory and Early History, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 111-39.



Gwilt, A. 2008. 1223. Llancarfan, Vale of Glamorgan, Late Bronze Age hoard (05.15), In British



Museum 2008, 221.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. 2005. Note: Wick (SS 92 72), Archaeology in Wales 45, 154.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. 2006. Archaeological Note: A Late Bronze Age Metalwork Hoard from



Llancarfan, Vale of Glamorgan, Morgannwg 50, 186.



Gwilt, A. & Lodwick, M. 2013. Archaeological Note: A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Colwinston,



Vale of Glamorgan, Morgannwg 57, 162-5.



Gwilt, A., Kucharski, K., Silvester, R. & Davis, M. 2005. A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevalyn



Farm, Rossett, Wrexham, Studia Celtica 39, 27-61.



Gwilt, A.. Lodwick, M. & Dennis, I. 2018. The Llanddewi Skirrid hoard: A Late Bronze Age hoard 



from Grosmont Community, Monmouthshire (Treasure Case 15.07), unpublished treasure



report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Sell, S. 2016. A Late Bronze Age hoard from Llanharan Community, 



Rhondda Cynon Taf (Treasure Case 15.10), unpublished treasure report.



Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Worrell, S. 2013. Reporting Finds, sharing treasures: Bronze Age



metalwork discoveries from Wales, PAST 75, 10-12.



Knight, M.G., Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Davis, M. 2017. A Late Bronze Age hoard from Llanfrynach 



Community, Powys (Treasure Case 16.18), unpublished treasure report.



Lodwick, M. & Gwilt, A. 2007. 486. Wick, the Vale of Glamorgan; Late Bronze Age base-



metal hoard (04.7), Treasure Annual Report 2004, London: Department for Culture,



Media and Sport, 200 & 319.



McNeil, R. 1973. A Report on the Bronze Age Hoard from Wick Park, Stogursey, Somerset,



Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 117, 46-64.



Metcalf, V. & Lambert, I.G. 1979. Note: Peterston-super-Ely (ST 07567547), Archaeology 



in Wales, 19, 17.



Moore, C.N. 1978. The South Welsh Axe: Its Origins and Distribution, Archaeological Journal 135,



57-66.



Needham, S. 1981. The Bulford-Helsbury Manufacturing Tradition; The production of Stogursey 



socketed axes during the later Bronze Age in Southern Britain, British Museum Occasional



Paper No 13.



Needham, S.P. 1990. The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork; An analytical study of Thames Valley 



metalworking in its settlement context, British Museum Occasional Paper No. 70



Northover, J.P. unpublished. Bronze Age Metalwork from Wales and The Marches. Unpublished



manuscript and catalogue.



O'Connor, B. 1980. Cross-Channel Relations in the Later Bronze Age, Oxford: BAR International



Series 91 (2 vols.).



Savory, H.N. 1980. Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections, Cardiff: National Museum of



Wales.



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Prähistorische



Bronzefunde, Abt IX.7; München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.



Storrie, J. 1887. Interesting Discovery at Llantwit Major, Archaeologia Cambrensis 4 (5th series),



151-55.",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,2017-06-29T23:00:00Z,2018TW01,,,,,,,1,Adam Gwilt,Mark Lodwick,,Powys,Powys,,SO1424,From finder,51.90787258,-3.25155055,NMGW-9A3A33,,,,,,,
965677,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1500,"A copper alloy long flanged axehead /developed flat axe.



This axehead has a rounded arched butt and slightly diverging sides that abruptly expand to a broad crescentic blade and cutting edge, with the blade tips at right angles to the sides, but not recurving. Cast flanges extend along the sides, rising very gradually from the butt towards the middle of the axe and sloping down again to the blade expansion. This gives the axe a very shallow lenticular side profile. The flanges are slightly triple-faceted, so are slightly angled inwards on both face.



The axe has a very low ridge about two thirds of the way along the septum (c.45 mm from the butt), which may indicate the beginnings of stop ridge technology as is seen on later flanged axes and palstaves. A second curved ridge has been hammered into both faces at the blade expansion, . The blade is18.66 mm deep and has an even crescentic cutting edge,.

The surface is slightly pitted in some areas, but otherwise quite smooth and an even dark green-brown



Date: Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze Age - c. 1800 - 1500 BC



Peter Reavill suggests that the axe dates to an Aylesford or Arreton metal working phase with a date in the final early Bronze age (EBA III) or the first part of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA I).



Dimensions: 84.19 mm x 42.45 mm x 11.50 mm

Weight: 103.77 mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,103.77,11.37,84.19,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Portesham,SY6485,From finder,50.66355073,-2.51071662,DOR-A727D7,,DORA727D7.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DORA727D7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1067778.jpg
965707,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A section of copper alloy rapier or dirk blade. The object appears broken at both ends. The breaks are abraded and probably old. The blade tapers to a broken tip and has a tapered cutting edge on both sides. There is a high central rib on both faces for much of the length of the rermaining blade, giving a shallow lozengiform cross section. The break on the upper part of the blade appears to have been flattened and shaped into a curve and also lacks the midrib present lower down. possibly in reuse of the broken blade. 

Date: Middle Bronze Age - c. 1500 - 1150 BC

Dimensions: 84.52 mm x 12.41 mm x 3.29 mm

Weight: 12.35 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.35,,,3.29,84.52,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Portesham,SY6386,From finder,50.67248022,-2.52496504,DOR-AA4A9E,,DORAA4A9E.jpg,Bronze Age rapier or dirk blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DORAA4A9E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1067910.jpg
965866,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A cast copper-alloy leaf shaped razor of the Middle or Late Bronze Age, dating to c. 1500 BC - 800 BC. The razor is near complete, retaining the leaf-shape blade and a narrow, rectangular tang; at the edge of which it is broken. The edges of the blade are chipped and corroded away, leaving an irregular, jagged edge to both sides of the blade.



The metal has a well developed dark green patina, abraded on all surfaces. It has a prominent bend laterally across the blade, at approximately the mid-point. 



Length: 81.5mm, width (at blade): 22.2mm, width (at tang): 6.5mm, thickness: 1.5mm, weight: 8.5g.  



For other examples recorded by the PAS, see SWYOR-A48EE1 and NCL-71EF23.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.5,,,1.5,81.5,1,Mr Adam Parker,Mr Adam Parker,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Kirkbymoorside,SE7185,From finder,54.25575779,-0.91167063,YORYM-AED81E,,YORYMAED81E.jpg,Bronze age razor,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adamparker26/YORYMAED81E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074486.jpg
965867,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A cast copper alloy palstave of South Western type dating to the Taunton/Penard phase (c. 1400 - 1100 BC).



The palstave is in good condition, with the copper alloy surface faded to a dark brown-ish orange with small patches of green patinisation and even smaller patches where the original shiny golden colour of the copper alloy persists. This survival, even to a small extent, is probably due to its deposition in a semi-waterlogged context. The butt is broad and the septum is relatively thick at 9.7mm. On either side of the septem the outer edges gradually rise upwards, creating a symmetrical curve on each side when viewed from above. The single loop, which is flattened in cross section. extends for 21mm on the upper surface, and there is a suggestion of a decorative cast line directly above this, extending along the side of the septum on this surface only. These broad edges narrow to the stop, which is rectilinear and measures 36.4 x 24.9mm. The blade extends in a linear fashion, only very gradually widening to the flared cutting edge. There is a central midrib on both sides of the blade, and it is further decorated with three deliberately incised grooves on the lower surface. The flared cutting edge remains relatively sharp, and measures 45.3mm in width and is 1.7mm thick at the cutting edge.



Matt Knight has commented on a similar example: ""Palstaves of this type are typically found across Cornwall, Devon and Somerset, as well as further eastwards in Dorset and Wiltshire. Pearce (1983: 450 no. 279b, see also Plate 34) presents a very similar example from North Bovey. DEV-01DDC5 is a not dissimilar example from further east in the county.



Measurements: 107.5mm length, 24.9mm width, 36.4mm thick and weight over 200g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,36.4,107.5,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,City of Plymouth,City of Plymouth,Plymstock Dunstone,SX5354,From finder,50.36749146,-4.06832477,DEV-AEDD76,,DEVAEDD76.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEVAEDD76.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1067774.jpg
965911,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-700,"A possible fragment of a cast copper alloy blade of Bronze Age date (2500-700 BC), only a small part of the object remains. The fragment has lost all its diagnostic features and so the classification cannot be further refined. The fragment consists of the body of the blade with a rounded circular midrib ridge which narrows either side to form the blade. The ridge measures 9.8mm in width and 10.2mm in thickness. The edges of the blade are worn and broken, and it is unclear what the shape the original blade would have been. The piece is lozenge in cross section and has a shiny mid green patina. The fragment is 24.7mm in width, 20.7mm in length, and is 5.5mm thick. The fragment weighs 12.11g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-28T23:00:00Z,,,,12.11,,,5.5,20.7,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Hurstbourne Priors,SU4347,Centred on field,51.22058407,-1.38567241,BUC-BF8EBF,,BUCBF8EBF.jpg,Bronze Age blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCBF8EBF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1067802.jpg
965953,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1100,-600,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age to early Iron Age date. (c 1100 - 600 BC)



The blade, cutting edge and part of the body survive. The blade is a shallow crescent slightly flared from the body, the socket is rectangular, and the body walls are thin cast (1.8 mm). The side view shows a wedge-shaped profile with a casting seam. There is a blunt projecting spur on one side 55 mm from the blade; this could be an abraded stump of a loop or casting flash.



The obverse shows the beginning of three ribs, without pellets, at 47 mm from the blade. The body terminates in jagged breaks 62 mm to 69 mm from the blade.



The axehead bears some resemblance to transitional and early Iron Age axes illustrated in Fig 4, Object Datasheet 2 of the LPFG, but due to the break, the collar, loop and final form of the socket cannot be identified.



Overall length is 69 mm, width at cutting edge 36 mm, 28 mm at break. Weight: 73.3 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-22T00:00:00Z,,,,73.3,,,16,69,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Derbyshire,North East Derbyshire,Ashover,SK3561,Generated from computer mapping software,53.14500137,-1.47818436,DENO-C01596,,DENOC01596v2JPG.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead (possibly),Derby Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mariakneafsey/DENOC01596v2JPG.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1068484.jpg
966420,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy spearhead dating to the late Bronze Age (1500-800 BC). The spearhead is sub-rectangular in shape and lozenge in cross-section with a thickened longitudinal axial ridge from which the surfaces slope and narrow to form the edges. The tip is broken and missing. The opposite unevenly rounded terminal is intact but very corroded. The surfaces are heavily pitted and abraded with a mottled light to mid green patina, occasionally with brownish patches.



The spearhead measures 47.5mm in length, 16.5mm in width, a maximum of 6mm thick at the ridge and 3.5mm thick at the edges, and weighs 12.89 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-29T00:00:00Z,2018-12-29T00:00:00Z,,,12.89,,,6,47.5,1,Maria Musto,Maria Musto,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Brigstock,SP9185,From finder,52.45538242,-0.66225087,PUBLIC-15CB97,,PUBLIC15CB97.jpg,Late Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/PUBLIC15CB97.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1070554.jpg
966482,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of copper alloy Bronze Age palstave dating to 1500-1100BC. The fragment consists of the butt end only. The fragment is sub-rectangualr in plan and triangular in profile, with the flanges tapering into the butt. There is a casting flaw below the butt on one face. truncated by an old break.



Maximum dimensions 33mm x 26.6mm x 9mm; weight: 46.9g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,46.9,,,9,33,1,Alix Smith,Alix Smith,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Steeple Langford,SU0239,GPS (from the finder),51.15025629,-1.97278551,WILT-181E42,,WILT181E42.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT181E42.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100803.jpg
966699,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A Middle Bronze Age probable hoard of three items, an armlet/ bracelet, an incomplete socketed hammer (these found 10cm apart) and a piece of metalworking debris found 4-5m away, all within an unploughed field. The first two finds were c.30cm below the surface and the soil around them dark in colour. Archaeological advice has been sought.



1) The copper alloy arm-ring has lost all of its original surface patina. It currently measures max.79.5mm in diameter (internal 54.6mm) and weighs 99.08g. It has an apparently circular cross-section.



2) The copper alloy socketed hammer is missing most of its socket but retains the blade. The socket has a circular cross-section (26.5mm diameter), the walls of which are 4.5mm wide, and the solid blade below has a rectangular cross-section, 23.5x23.3mm below the socket and thinning to 23.5x14.7mm at the hammering end. It is missing all of its original patina. The incomplete object measures 83.4mm in length and weighs 162g (to the nearest 2g). The finder reports this object was lying flat to one face when found.



3) The piece of metalworking debris is apparently copper alloy but is rather light (13.89g) with several popped air bubbles visible on the surface. The surface is otherwise quite lumpy. It measures 25.9x19.2x(max.)16.1mm.



Discussion

Given the close proximity of the first two finds, it is highly likely these are part of an undisturbed hoard and date to the 'Ornament Horizon' of the Taunton metalworking phase of the Middle Bronze Age (c.1400-1250 BC). A larger hoard from Hampshire (2017 T160 / SUR-590F5D) features three Liss type arm-rings (with herringbone decoration) alongside several other ornaments, a palstave axehead and a socketed hammer. Unfortunately it is impossible to tell whether the arm-ring in this hoard was originally decorated.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-08-03T23:00:00Z,2019-08-03T23:00:00Z,2019T717,,,,,,,3,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Elsted and Treyford,SU8320,From finder,50.97344355,-0.81921691,HAMP-3CFD2D,,HAMP3CFD2Da.jpg,Middle Bronze Age hoard,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP3CFD2Da.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074051.jpg
966858,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Incomplete copper-alloy unlooped palstave or flanged axehead of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). The blade end of the object has been removed in a straight cut. The cut face is patinated and abraded. The body of the object is rectangular in section. There is a median stop ridge from which the butt end tapers to a point, with curved flanges either side. The surface displays patches of green copper corrosion. The object is 105.24mm in length, 35.27mm in width and 29.02mm in thickness. It weighs 262g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,262,,,29.02,105.24,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Middop,SD8345,GPS (from the finder),53.90088395,-2.2602097,LANCUM-4291F9,,LANCUM4291F9.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUM4291F9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1068555.jpg
966940,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"Incomplete cast copper alloy miniature flat axehead, ovate in plan, and slightly lozenge-shaped in profile, with an undeveloped, straight-sided blade that has worn to a curve and has a broken edge on one side. From the blade the axe tapers to a narrow rounded butt end, that is 14 mm wide. The sides of the blade do not expand but meet the curved blade edge with an abraded width of 29 mm. The curve of the blade suggests that it was not probably used as an axehead but instead perhaps buried as a representation of a larger functional axehead at a time when bronze was too valuable to bury. The length of the flat axe is only 83 mm so it less than half the size of a standard Early Bronze Age flat axe from South-west England. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on any surface of the axe, but much of the original surface is missing, due to corrosion and abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil. The surface is now pitted and there is active light green powdering from bronze disease within some of the pits.



See CORN-7ACDD7 for a similar miniature flat axehead that is dated from 2200-2000 BC.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar example of a slender miniature Migdale type flat axehead on page 502, plate 69, no.587, from Banner Down in Somerset, which is associated with the Migdale metalworking tradition of the Early Bronze Age, c.2200-2000 BC.



Cowie & O'Connor, Some Early Bronze Age stone moulds from Scotland, in Kienlin & Roberts, Metals and Societies (2009) illustrate a similar miniature flat axehead with straight sides from Broomhill, Penicuik, Midlothian, on page 325, fig.10, which is dated from the Early Bronze Age.



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate similar unclassified miniature flat axeheads with worn blades in pl.22, nos.266 & 283.



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, Metalworking Stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 (c.2350-2050 cal BC). This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-07-14T23:00:00Z,2019-07-14T23:00:00Z,,,48.2,,,,83,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Hayle,SW5736,GPS (from the finder),50.17408923,-5.40458784,CORN-5491C3,,DSCN7806.JPG,flat axehead (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN7806.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1068633.jpg
967435,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A copper alloy Late Bronze Age (1000-800BC) socketed spearhead with bevelled edges and some filing on the socket. Although the size of this object suggests a votive use, this is not the case. Other examples of small spearheads are known including GLO-F69302, LANCUM-B72611, LANCUM-0433B7 and especially SWYOR-3D024E on this database.",Oxfordshire PAS record Sheet No 813,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-23T00:00:00Z,,,"Metal Detectives Christmas Rally 2018 Merton, Oxon",4.4,,7.6,,38.2,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Merton,SP5818,From a paper map,51.8575821,-1.15923423,OXON-AC3FB9,,813.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/813.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1069222.jpg
967568,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Extremely worn copper-alloy socketed spearhead, dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1500 - 800 BC). The socket of the spearhead retains some wood, including a piece that runs through two circular piercings positioned towards the socket mouth. The socket mouth is worn and fragmentary. Two ridges linear ridges at the top of the object are all that remains of the blade: these have been worn down almost to nothing and the object terminates in a sharp point. The sheer level of wear suggests that this may have been intentional, possibly to rework the spearhead into another object such as a ferrule. Only a patch of the original dark brown surface remains. The object is 113.50mm in length, 21.70mm in diameter and weighs 54.08g.",,4,Copper alloy,Wood,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,54.08,,21.7,,113.5,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Gisburn,SD8348,GPS (from the finder),53.92784701,-2.26037754,LANCUM-BEAA39,,LANCUMBEAA39.jpg,Copper-alloy spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUMBEAA39.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1069607.jpg
968348,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete but relatively well preserved fragment of a Middle Bronze Age (1500-1000 cal BC) blade and its hilt from a rapier or dirk.



Part of the blade and hilt survive of the original weapon.The blade projects from the hilt with a width of 32.3mm after which its sides narrow to c18.7mm from in an even curve. After this point it continues to narrow but with straighter sides to a width of 13.9mm at the break. it terminates in a clean diagonal break across the blade which is patinated and covered in brown concreted material. The blade is a pointed oval shape in cross section with a wide (c.9.4mm at the break) oval cross section midrib to either side of which it narrows more sharply to an that now has many chips along it.



The hilt is sub-rectangular in cross section. It narrows with straight angled sides from its maximum with of 32.3mm, where the blade projects, to an irregular break measuresc 17.7mm wide. The form of the hilt below this break is not clear.



The object has a dark green patina which is chipped away revealing a lighter green patina. The dark green patina sections are very smooth and quite reflective.



The fragment of the object is 51.7mm long, 32.3mm wide, and is 4.3mm thick. It weighs 21.24 grams.



Without the entirety of the blade the type of weapon must be general. The object is similar in form to Gerloff's (1981) Group IV rapiers many examples of which exist on the database e.g. SOM-EECC89, HAMP-99875D and SOM-71AABB.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-06T23:00:00Z,2019-08-06T23:00:00Z,,,21.24,,,4.3,51.7,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Great Bedwyn,SU2663,Centred on parish,51.36547358,-1.62792506,SOM-516912,,SOM516912.jpg,Middle Bronze Age rapier,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswell99/SOM516912.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1070941.jpg
968371,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead, of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1200-800 BC).



The blade is narrow and triangular with a pronounced mid rib on both sides extending to the tip of the spear which tapers in to a point. In cross section the object is lozenge shaped. The edges narrow and flare out from the mid-rib. There are multiple abrasions and missing portions of the edges. The fragment terminates in an old abraded transverse break. The socketed lower portion of the object is missing and the retained portions has a shallow concave aspect expose by the break.



The metal is a dark-green in colour with a pitted and corroded patina.



As this represents only a small fragment of the spear it is not possibly to classify the form of the complete object. It is probably of a later Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age (c. 1200-c. 800 cal BC).



Similar objects can be found on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: NLM-99D791, IOW-F3883D, SUR-BB2595



Length: 47.87mm, Width: 13.78mm, Thickness: 6.86mm, Thickness (tip): 3.67mm, Weight: 6.6g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.6,,,6.86,47.87,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,South East,Milton Keynes,Milton Keynes,Olney,SP8754,From finder,52.17740587,-0.72910538,NARC-53133F,,NARC53133F.jpg,NARC-53133F : Spear : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC53133F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1070187.jpg
968628,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A fragment of the tip of a blade from a Middle Bronze Age (1400-1100 BC) dirk or rapier. The edges of the blade gradually taper to a point which has been rounded, possibly from use. The cross section is lozengiform with broad and rounded midrib suggesting that it may correspond to Burgess and Gerloff's (1981) Group IV. There are small patches of post depositional iron concretion on the blade.","These types of blades date to the Middle Bronze Age (1400-1100 BC); fragments also sometimes turn up in Late Bronze Age hoards, suggesting their continued use.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.49,,,4.1,82,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Rowlands Castle,SU7212,From finder,50.90299451,-0.97743794,SUR-7A3A52,,SUR7A3A52.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR7A3A52.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1070459.jpg
968655,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1500,"Extremely worn copper-alloy Bronze Age flanged axehead (c. 2100 - 1500 BC). The object thickens towards the middle, where it is transected by a ridge on both sides. It widens at one end into a blade. The object is much more worn along one side than the other, giving it a crescent-shaped aspect and heavily obscuring its original form. It has a patchy light green patina. The object is 134.29mm in length, 40.71mm in width and 12.63mm in thickness. It weighs 206.16g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,206.16,,,12.63,134.29,1,Miss. Lydia Prosser,Miss. Lydia Prosser,North West,Cumbria,Eden,Crosby Ravensworth,NY6211,GPS (from the finder),54.49289995,-2.588163,LANCUM-7BB25D,,LANCUM7BB25D.jpg,Extremely worn copper-alloy flanged axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lydiaprosser/LANCUM7BB25D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1070997.jpg
968774,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC) gold or gold-plated copper alloy penannular ring, oval in cross-section with cut or burred-over edges at the terminals (measuring c.6.3x5.5mm). The edge opposite the terminal has a cross-section measuring 6.6x5.6mm. A paler gold strip or wire (possibly silvery-gold with traces of tarnishing) winds around the brighter gold surface of the object to give striped bands of equal size, c. 1mm wide.

The object measures 17.0mm in length, 15.7mm in width, 6.6mm in max.thickness (the side opposite the terminal) and weighs 9.06g.","'The penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange' (Mark Lodwick and Mary Davis in record NMGW-04216C; references therein).",4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-08-17T23:00:00Z,2019-08-17T23:00:00Z,2019T749,,9.06,,,6.6,17,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Downton,SU1820,From finder,50.97913101,-1.74497443,HAMP-90A3E2,,HAMP90A3E2.jpg,Late Bronze Age penannular ring,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP90A3E2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1072058.jpg
968920,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2350 BC to c. 2050 BC).



The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in shape with an incomplete rounded shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with tapering edges. The butt is relatively thin having a narrow rounded profile; the width at the butt is 12.0 mm (thickness: 2.4 mm). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively straight. The axe is thickest at the mid point (6.0 mm), with no sign of a proto stop ridge. The sides of the blade expand to produce a rounded blade edge with an abraded width of 34.4 mm (thickness 3.6 mm). 



The axe is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



It measures 72.5 mm in length, maximum width at the blade is 34.4 mm, width at the butt is 12.0 mm and it has a maximum thickness of 6.0 mm. It weighs 48.6 grams.



The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge).



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2016-04-14T23:00:00Z,2016-04-15T23:00:00Z,,,48.6,,,6,72.5,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,,Nottinghamshire,Newark and Sherwood,Halam,SK6653,From finder,53.07016877,-1.01641512,WMID-CF81FB,,WMIDCF81FB.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Migdale type flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDCF81FB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1070722.jpg
968953,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1500,"An incomplete, flat copper alloy blade, possibly a rapier or dirk (c.1600 - 1500 BC). The tip is missing, with tapering of the edges suggesting that it would have ended in a point, suggesting approximately 5cms of the original missing. Each edge has damage and corrosion along their lengths. The butt end is corroded and rounded in shape with peripheral damage, it is also thinner in thickness, suggesting that this may have been done deliberately to accommodate the hilt. The blade is very slightly concave in cross section. Part of the original surface survives on one face, and it is possible to make out a regular pattern of stamped dot decoration. This would appear to have originally covered the whole side in a series of triangles, made up of lines of dot decoration coming in from one edge, the areas in between are undecorated and because of that form a series of blank triangular shapes coming in from the opposite edge to complement the decorated ones. The other side in much more heavily pitting with little of the original surface remaining, but it is still possible to discern some stamped dot decoration. There is no evidence of a central rib on either side. See WMID-D54E37.



Length 173.0mm, Width at butt 39.7mm, Width at tip 13.0mm, Thickness 4.5mm across the mid-section, Thickness across the butt 2.5mm, Weight 108.9g.","
Found by Aaron B. Walley.
",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,2019-05-11T23:00:00Z,,,,108.9,,,4.5,173,1,Catherine Falkner,Catherine Falkner,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Flagg,SK1269,GPS (from the finder),53.21792158,-1.82174669,DENO-D07E32,,D07E32.jpg,Bronze Age blade,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mariakneafsey/D07E32.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1097674.jpg
969032,Mount,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,43,"A probable Late Bronze Age or Iron Age copper alloy mount or applique, probably dating to 900 BC - AD 43. The mount consists of a cast plate of copper alloy, moulded into to concentric circular bands separated by a ridge and with a raised border around the circumference. There is a circular perforation at the centre, with a second smaller perforation near the rim; the latter is probably due to a casting flaw. The bands are concave in cross section, and the reverse is flat. 



Diameter 24.9mm, of central aperture 3.6mm; Thickness 1.7mm; Weight 2.5g. 



cf. WILT-0DE04E and WILT-BF5B3E, amongst others on this database, although this example lacks a lug or similar method of attachment on the reverse. It was presumably affixed with a central rivet.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.5,,24.9,1.7,,1,Alix Smith,Alix Smith,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,GPS (from the finder),51.01537053,-1.95860828,WILT-D33D42,,WILTD33D42.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILTD33D42.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1087112.jpg
969152,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A complete copper alloy spearhead of late Bronze Age date, c.1100 - 800 BC. Davis Group 11, 'generic pegged'. The spearhead comprises a leaf shaped blade with a chamfered edge and two circular peg holes on both sides of the socket which are positioned in the upper portion in line with the blade. The socket is conical extending into a raised oval sectioned mid-rib that extends to the tip. The blade is leaf shaped having a maximum width in the lower 1/3 of the blade. The blade is not heavily eroded, though the edge is abraded throughout.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,127.6,,22.7,,170,1,Mr Adam Parker,Mr Adam Parker,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Rylstone,SD9660,From finder,54.03596552,-2.06256455,YORYM-E5C837,,PL0182.jpg,Bronze Age : Spearhead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/PL0182.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1076877.jpg
969468,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A fragment of a copper alloy bladed object, probably a rapier or dirk, but possibly a spearhead, of middle Bronze Age date, c 1500 - 1200 BC.



The blade  fragment tapers in width from 26 mm to 20 mm, both ends terminating in old breaks, the blade has a lenticular cross section, with a longitudinal central ridge, slightly flattened.



There is a slight curvature to fragment which may be suggestive of deliberate damage.



Overall length 50 mm, thickness 3.7 mm at centre, tapering to 0.9 mm at the edge. Weight 16.8g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-04-23T23:00:00Z,,,,16.8,,,3.7,50,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Kniveton,SK2050,Generated from computer mapping software,53.04689445,-1.70311932,DENO-0EAF9A,,DENO0EAF9A.jpg,Bronze Age blade,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mariakneafsey/DENO0EAF9A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1078332.jpg
969784,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-650,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axe head dating from the Late Bronze age.



The axe head's socket, and an undeterminable amount of its face have been lost to an old break. The break is such that one side of the face is up to 18.1mm longer than the other. The lower half of the object and the blade survive more intact, however it is clear that the axe once had a thick brown patina which has only remained on a minority of the object. As this has worn away we are unable to see the axe's original surface, and as such, some diagnostic elements are difficult to make a decisive judgement about. The patina which has survived has probably done so due to being sat in water, with the patinaed parts sat in soil in the bed of the body of water.



The axe's body is sub-triangular in profile and sub-rectangular in plan, its sides expanding only very slightly, being almost straight, down the length of the axe from its socket towards the blade. Longitudinal linear casting seams are visible on both of the narrow sides of the axe head running from the socket of the axe down towards the blade, however it is difficult to see how far down these lines run due to the level of preservation. There is no surviving evidence for an attachment loop on the object. No decoration survives on the object, and it is likely that the axe's face has always been plain.



The hollow socket in the axe which remains is rectangular in plan which implies that the original socket was also this shape.



The blade edge is curved in profile and does not flare out at the blade corners. There is no evidence of sharpening on the blade, however, as the surviving surface is not the originals surface, this does not tell us whether this is the case. There are also no clear chips from use.



The surface is oxidized to a variety of colours ranging from dark brown to green in colour. The hollow interior of the object is devoid of any matter.



The axehead is 78.2mm long along its longest edge, 40.9mm wide at the blade, which then thins to c.35.9mm closer to the socket. The socket measures to 28.8mm long and 20.8mm wide. The metal is 4.9mm where the patina remains, and 2.5mm where it has been lost. The blade edge is c.4.7mm thick. The axe head weighs 107.64



grams.



The narrow straight sides of the blade suggest that it is part of an Armorican socketed axe, which are also referred to as 'Breton axes', a type which are usually non-functional and may have been 'ingot-axes' at least in north west France. Outside north west France they are widespread but uncommon. They date from the Late Bronze Age, the Llyn Fawr phase (c.800-700 BC), and into the Early Iron Age, the Hallstatt C phase (c.800-650 BC).



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar Armorican socketed axes from Carn Brea, in Cornwall, on page 566, plate 5, nos.60a & b. Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015, 97, plate 24, nos.100-101) illustrate similar socketed axes from Cornwall and a similarly formed example also from the South-West is recorded on the database CORN-310297. Savory (1980, 173, FIG 25, no. 192) also illustrates a similar example found in Wales.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-04-26T23:00:00Z,2019-07-26T23:00:00Z,,,107.64,,,4.7,78.2,1,Phoebe Brice,Phoebe Brice,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Wanstrow,ST7343,From finder,51.18558411,-2.38769528,SOM-27F2A6,,SOM27F2A6.jpg,Late Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/SOM27F2A6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098981.jpg
970682,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Abraded fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed knife comprising small parts of the double-edged blade and of the oval-sectioned socket, the latter with a rivet hole. Thorndon type, see NMGW-6F3FF3, SUR-5680D4 and SF-B29386. Extant length, width and thickness 27, 9.2 and 6.3mm. Weight 7.94g. c.950 - c.750 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-06-24T23:00:00Z,2019-07-23T23:00:00Z,,,7.94,,,6.3,27,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,Broadland,Beighton,TG3809,From finder,52.62654335,1.51517385,NMS-B974CC,,42649_B974CC_LBA_SocketedKnife_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed knife,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/42649_B974CC_LBA_SocketedKnife_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156048.jpg
970914,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed side-looped spearhead of Bronze age date, consisting of only the shaft of the spearhead. The side loops are semi circular in shape, the outer edges are worn and broken. The midrib section is lozenge shaped. The shaft is broken and worn at both ends, it narrows towards the blade end, the tip is missing. The socket is circular in shape. Similar spearheads on the database have been dated to the Middle to Late Bronze Age, 1550-1250 BC. It measures 67.4mm in length,13.9mm at maximum width, 1.2mm in thickness, and weighs 15.00g.



Similar records on the database are DOR-DC23F5, LIN-A90E8A, WILT-0276AC and BUC-1431A2.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-07-10T23:00:00Z,2019-07-10T23:00:00Z,,,15,,,1.2,67.4,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Wootton,SP4521,GPS (from the finder),51.88575007,-1.34759157,BUC-F6C825,,BUCF6C825.jpg,Bronze Age Spear head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCF6C825.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1072846.jpg
971661,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"Incomplete cast copper alloy miniature flat axehead, sub-triangular in plan, and slightly lozenge-shaped in profile, with an undeveloped, straight-sided blade that has worn to a curve on one side. From the blade the axe tapers to a narrow rounded butt end, that is 14 mm wide. The sides of the blade expand slightly and meet the curved blade edge with an abraded width of 27 mm. The curve of the blade suggests that it was not probably used as an axehead but instead perhaps buried as a representation of a larger functional axehead at a time when bronze was too valuable to bury. The length of the flat axe is only 76 mm so it less than half the size of a standard Early Bronze Age flat axe from South-west England. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on any surface of the axe, but much of the original surface is missing, due to corrosion and abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil. The surface is now pitted and there is active light green powdering from bronze disease within some of the pits.



See CORN-7ACDD7 for a similar miniature flat axehead that is dated from 2200-2000 BC.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar example of a slender miniature Migdale type flat axehead on page 502, plate 69, no.587, from Banner Down in Somerset, which is associated with the Migdale metalworking tradition of the Early Bronze Age, c.2200-2000 BC.



Cowie & O'Connor, Some Early Bronze Age stone moulds from Scotland, in Kienlin & Roberts, Metals and Societies (2009) illustrate a similar miniature flat axehead with straight sides from Broomhill, Penicuik, Midlothian, on page 325, fig.10, which is dated from the Early Bronze Age.



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate similar unclassified miniature flat axeheads with worn blades in pl.22, nos.266 & 283.



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, Metalworking Stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 (c.2350-2050 cal BC). This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp.121-140.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-03T23:00:00Z,2019-05-03T23:00:00Z,,,43.5,,,5,76,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Sithney,SW6330,Generated from computer mapping software,50.1226495,-5.31697603,CORN-38B306,,DSCN7955.JPG,miniature flat axehead (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN7955.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1073628.jpg
971684,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a copper alloy Middle Bronze Age dirk (small rapier) dating to the period c.1500 - 1150 BC found in 2 adjoining pieces. The break between the two pieces is probably recent and reveals a slightly purple crystalline matrix with many air bubbles. The edges of the breaks are not abraded but crisp. The butt is a slender trapezoidal with two rivet holes across the lower edge. There is a copper alloy rivet within each rivet hole. From these rivet holes the sides of the rapier expand into the shoulders of the blade. The maximum width of these shoulders is 31.03mm. From the shoulders the edge of the rapier narrows into the blade. From this point the blade itself tapers in width more gradually to almost have straight edges towards a broken edge. This break also feels fresh with crisp edges.  The blade is an elongated lozenge in cross-section with no clearly defined mid-rib or edge bevels.



The object has a matte mid-dark green-brown patina.



The length of the rapier measures 82.58mm, 31.03mm wide, 13.05mm thick at the rivets, 4.81mm thick at the blade break and together they weigh 35.3g. its maximum thickness is 6.8mm. 



The object is likely a Burgess and Gerloff's Group IV (1981) and dating to the period c. 1500-c. 1150 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-31T23:00:00Z,2019-06-27T23:00:00Z,,,35.3,,,13.05,82.58,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Dunchurch,SP4672,From finder,52.34415366,-1.32618873,WAW-3B927C,,WAW3B927C.jpg,Bronze Age rapier or dirk (plan and return).,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW3B927C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1073663.jpg
971851,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"Tip from a Middle Bronze Age, c. 1500-1200BC, spearhead, Central longitudinal rib on both faces flanked by small flukes, representing a slender, rapier-like, blade. Only the tip is present, there is no sign of the central socket. Length 23.9mm, Width 8.9mm, Thickness 7.4mm, Mass 3.94g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.94,,,7.4,23.9,1,Kevin Leahy,Kevin Leahy,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,"Aston, Cote, Shifford and Chimney",SP3302,GPS (from the finder),51.71576402,-1.52373669,FAKL-772B6A,,Birm876.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kleahy/Birm876.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074310.jpg
971852,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-700,"Edge from a Middle to Late Bronze Age, c. 1200-700BC, palstave or socketed axe, Only the tip is present, probably broken off during use. Length 29.4mm, Width 8.2mm, Thickness 3.9mm, Mass 3.59g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.59,,,3.9,29.4,1,Kevin Leahy,Kevin Leahy,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,"Aston, Cote, Shifford and Chimney",SP3302,GPS (from the finder),51.71576402,-1.52373669,FAKL-7794B3,,Birm877.jpg,Bronze Age axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kleahy/Birm877.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074311.jpg
972490,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"An incomplete leaf-shaped copper alloy blade, 39.7mm in length, of mid to late Bronze Age date (1400 BC - 800 BC). The blade is broken at both ends and has a single centrally pierced hole mid-way across at one end. The blade is flat with a very thin lenticular cross section a slight mid-rib and cutting edges on either side. The patina is even and dark green.



The single hole and very thin section allow an interpretation as a razor or perhaps a small knife rather than part of a dirk or other type of larger bladed implement.","See DOR-EBFA4D, SUR-E3AEB2 or SF-25A20A for comparable objects on the database.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.38,,,1.8,39.7,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Hurstbourne Priors,SU4147,From finder,51.22073082,-1.41430842,SUR-B3BDBB,,SURB3BDBB.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURB3BDBB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074468.jpg
972656,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of the blade of a cast copper alloy axehead of Bronze Age date. The fragment is triangular in plan and profile with a curved cutting edge and a straight inner edge. Given the curve of the blade and the even thickening towards the centre in cross section, the fragment is likely to be from a Late Bronze Age (c.1150 - 800 BC) socketed axehead, although an earlier date and form cannot be ruled out entirely.



Length: 25.7mm, Width: 10.2mm, Thickness: 4.6mm, Weight: 4.19gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2019,4.19,,,4.6,25.7,1,Bill Burleigh,Bill Burleigh,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Chilson,SP3119,From finder,51.86872027,-1.55117127,PUBLIC-C8D9FF,,140a1.jpg,PUBLIC-C8D9FF,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/clethill/140a1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074539.jpg
972909,Finger Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"A copper-alloy spiral ring suspected to be of middle Bronze Age date, dating to c. 1500 to 1150 BC and attributable to the 'ornament horizon' of the Taunton and Penard metalwork phases. The spiral is circular in plan and formed of three coils of an oval cross-sectioned metal wire with rounded ends. The spiral has an internal diameter of 20.5mm. The exterior surface is heavily pitted; the interior has a smooth dark green patina.","See also SF-4497E7, HAMP-7556B3 and SF-761FF6. There are also examples of comparable spiraloid rings in the Near Lewes hoard (SUSS-C5D042) and the Ockham hoard (SUR-B41DB6), both Middle Bronze Age in date.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.61,,29.7,4.1,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Boldre,SZ3098,,50.78080534,-1.57584444,SUR-DF2863,,SURDF2863.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURDF2863.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074747.jpg
972925,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A complete though worn copper-alloy awl of probable late Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 800 BC. The object is sub-rectangular in section at the middle and widest point tapering on both planes to worn rounded points at either end. The object is undecorated but the outer four edges all have a slightly raised ridge. The metal has a mid-brown patina with small patches of bronze disease.



Length: 37.54mm, Width: 5.60mm, Thickness: 2.48mm, Weight: 2.28gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2019,2.28,,,2.48,37.54,1,Bill Burleigh,Bill Burleigh,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Ascott-under-Wychwood,SP3018,From finder,51.8597841,-1.56578102,PUBLIC-DFFCA5,,8b1.jpg,PUBLIC-DFFCA5-copper alloy awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/clethill/8b1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074737.jpg
972968,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,400,"A copper alloy awl, or leather working tool probably from bronze age to Roman. The centre has two parallel incised lines running around the circumference. To one side it is circular in section and tapers to a point and to the other it is square in section and flattens to chisel shape. Much of the surface has a bronze patina, but there is some delamination leaving a blue green patina.



Length: 54.96mm, Thickness at mid point 4.01mm, Weight: 4.17gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-14T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2019,4.17,,,4.01,54.96,1,Bill Burleigh,Bill Burleigh,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Chilson,SP3118,From finder,51.85972964,-1.55126069,PUBLIC-E1E3A8,,3401.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/clethill/3401.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074776.jpg
973220,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A Primary / Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy early palstave dating from the Middle Bronze AGe, about 1500-1300 BC.



The blade of the palstave is sub-trapezoidal in plan with slightly concave sides, flared blade tips, a convex cutting edge and no side loop. There is a ridge along the centre of each face of the blade. The palstave, on both faces, has a prominent straight stop-ridge. In plan the septum is rectangular and the butt has an abraded edge. There is a casting cavity behind the stop ridge. The palstave has a well-developed brown patina which only survives in a few places, and the rest of the palstave is bright green. It is 132.6mm long, 39.8mm wide and 19.7mm thick. 244g.



The implement belongs to the Primary / Early un-looped Palstave Group I which fits into Acton Park II - Taunton industries and dates c. 1500-1300 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-01-01T00:00:00Z,2018-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,244,,,19.7,132.6,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Sheffield,Sheffield,Stocksbridge,SK2497,Centred on field,53.46919478,-1.63992621,SWYOR-20D9D4,,SWYOR88467DBronzeAgePalstaveikw.jpg,Early Bronze Age palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/SWYOR88467DBronzeAgePalstaveikw.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074996.jpg
973238,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-950,"A Transitional to late Bronze Age copper-alloy palstave dating from 1150 - 950 BC. It is incomplete, with most of the hafting end missing, and half of the blade. 



The surviving part of the blade has slightly concave sides. The break is pointed and patinated. The palstave, on both faces, has a prominent straight stop-ridge. In plan the septum is rectangular and the butt break is patinated. There are the two stubs of a side loop on one side. The palstave has a well-developed smooth green  patina. It is 73.7mm long, 27.2mm wide and 25.9mm thick. 166g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-06-29T23:00:00Z,2019-06-29T23:00:00Z,,,166,,,25.9,73.7,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Sheffield,Sheffield,Stocksbridge,SK2497,Centred on field,53.46919478,-1.63992621,SWYOR-216933,,SWYOR88541CBronzeAgePalstaveikw1.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/acooper/SWYOR88541CBronzeAgePalstaveikw1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1074999.jpg
973253,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2150,410,"A possible copper alloy bracelet, dating from the Bronze Age to the Roman period, 2150 BC to AD 410. The object consists of around half of the bracelet, and is semi circular in shape. There is a worn break at both ends. The bracelet narrows towards one end (7.2mm), and is circular in cross section. The wider end measures 9.9mm in width. The bracelet is slightly flatter on the inside. It has a mid green patina on the surface, where the surface has worn away there are patches of light and bright green. It measures 75.2mm in length, 44.9mm in width, and weighs 68g.



Similar records on the database include LVPL-D89372, BUC-62754C,BUC-FFD1F1 and LVPL-0A6181",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-05T23:00:00Z,,,,68,,,,75.2,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Waterperry with Thomley,SP6208,GPS (from the finder),51.76725409,-1.10294712,BUC-21B038,,BUC21B038.jpg,Bronze age bracelet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC21B038.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1075017.jpg
973486,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-1500,"Folded gold strip or diadem. Soil remains wedged between layers. The object has been folded up and consists of 5-6 layers. The tapering tip of one end of the strip is visible on the outside of the folded bundle. Lines of pointillé decoration run along both edges of the strip and meet at the terminal. There are three perforations visible on a terminal of the band that tapers inwards forming a triangle with the single perforation at the tip of the taper en



Dimensions (in folded condition):



Length: 28.23mm

Width: 19.93mm

Thickness (with soil): 5.33mm



Thickness (sheet): 0.18mm

Weight (with soil): 8.55g



Metal composition: Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the strip (undertaken at the British Museum) indicated a surface composition of approximately 92-94% gold and 6-8% silver, the rest (less than 1%) being copper. (See appended report).



Curators note: this is a very similar composition to the very similar band from Berinsfield, South Oxfordshire (Treasure case 2016 T521).



Discussion: Of Early Bronze Age date (c.2500 - 1500 BC), and now in two pieces, this is only the fifth or sixth example of this type of object from Britain. These objects are rare and are not yet fully understood; it is likely to date from the earliest Bronze Age / Chacolithic period, c. 2500-2200 BC and as such is part of a select group of objects that represent the earliest gold objects in Britain.



The function or what object this mount decorated is not certain; suggestions include scabbard fittings, diadem or neck choker/band, or perhaps a decorative strip attached to leather. A similar object was reported as Treasure in 2005, case number 2005T21 (from 'near Winchester' - the provenance is vague - acquired by the British Museum: 2008, 8019.1) (Needham & Sheridan 2014, 908-9). The 'near Winchester' find also has three perforations set within the terminals in a similar fashion to a recently reported item from Stratford-Upon-Avon (Treasure case 2016 T209), and Berinsfield, South Oxfordshire (Treasure case 2016 T521).","Consequently, in terms of age and as the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2017-08-06T23:00:00Z,,2017T798,,8.55,,,,,1,Mafalda Raposo,Ian Richardson,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Nuneaton and Bedworth,Exhall,,,,,PAS-35C8A8,,2017T798a.jpg,Bronze Age gold strip,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ianr/2017T798a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1075196.jpg
973517,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-800,"An unidentified sheet-gold bag-shaped object, with one closed, rounded end and a narrower open end with a piercing to one face only (apparently). The object is perhaps of Bronze Age date (2,500-800 BC) and related to gold ornaments/ strips known from the Bronze Age of Southern England.

Both faces of the object retain traces of decoration in the form of numerous longitudinally-arranged raised ridges of rectangular section, parallel to each other. It isn't possible to determine what the reverse of the sheet-gold looks like.

To one edge of the object the sheet is unbroken/ undamaged on the rounded part, while the other edge is damaged. The narrower part above has jagged edges that are not joined.

The rounded end has a max.width of 10.4mm and a max.thickness of 2.1mm. The narrower strip above is max.6.8mm wide, narrowing to 4.8mm at the open end (both faces of the object are folded over at the very end). The piercing visible in one face only is 0.8mm in diameter and pierced from front to the reverse. It is possible there may be a matching piercing on the other face of the object and that this is now concealed by the fold.

The object measures 14.9mm in length, 10.4mm in max.width, 2.9mm in max.thickness (at the jagged edges of the narrower section) and weighs 0.76g. The sheet gold is 0.2mm thick.",,3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2018-10-10T23:00:00Z,2018-10-10T23:00:00Z,2019T866,,0.76,,,2.9,14.9,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Upton Grey,SU6948,From finder,51.22702945,-1.01323871,HAMP-37143A,,HAMP37143A.jpg,Bronze Age unidentified object,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP37143A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1078933.jpg
973773,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy, Middle to Late Bronze Age (1500-800 BC) Socketed Spearhead.



Description: The spearhead is narrow and triangular with a pronounced mid rib on both sides extending to the tip of the spear which tapers into a blunt point. In cross section the object is lozenge. The edges narrow and flare out from the mid-rib, with multiple abrasions and missing portions along the edges. The fragment terminates in an old abraded, irregular transverse break, across the socket. The metal is pitted and corroded.



Measurements: length:43.87mm, width: 10.66mm, thickness: 7.48mm, weight.18g.



As this represents only a small fragment of the spear it is not possibly to classify the form of the complete object. It is probably of a later Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age (c. 1500-c. 800 cal BC).



Similar objects can be found on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: NLM-99D791, IOW-F3883D, SUR-BB2595",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.18,,,7.48,43.87,1,Mags Erwin,Mags Erwin,South East,Kent,Shepway,Dymchurch,TR1131,GPS (from the finder),51.03959961,1.00838731,KENT-5CC997,,KENT5CC997.jpg,Copper alloy spear head,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smokedkelpie/KENT5CC997.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1075472.jpg
973831,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An almost complete copper alloy unlooped palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1500-1300 BC) with shield shaped hollow below the stop ridge. Early or primary palstave of Group I - shield patterned type.



The palstave has a triangular shaped blade in plan. The palstave has a rectangular septum and straight-sided open flanges for hafting. The butt of the object is incomplete and measures 28.7 mm in width and 8.1 mm thick.



Beneath the stop-ridge descends a shield shaped hollow, this is visible but worn on both faces.



The blade of the palstave has expanding sides, and a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical and shows wear. The cutting edge measures 64.7 mm in width and is 9.6 mm thick.



The palstave is a mid green to brown colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of most of the original surface.



This form and style of palstave fits can be classified as an early palstave / primary group I - shield patterned and dates to the first phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA I) 1450-1250 BC specifically within the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both assemblages fit within Burgess Metal Working Stage VIII and IX. A close comparison to this palstave has been recorded from the Albrighton Area, Shropshire (HESH-D05FE3) and (WMID-755304) discovered in the Staffordshire Moorlands. Schmidt and Burgess (1981) have parallels for this type on plate 57.



Peter Reavill adds that the Palstave is heavier than normal, it was in this period that the makers were experimenting with adding more lead in to the composition. This was because by adding more lead it helped fill all corners of the mould.



Overall the palstave measures 152 mm in length, a maximum width of 64.7 mm at the cutting edge, and a maximum thickness near the stop ridge of 28.8 mm. It weighs 468.7 g.



Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981. The axes of Scotland and Northern England Munchen : C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,468.7,,,28.8,152,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Armitage with Handsacre,SK1016,Centred on field,52.74153677,-1.85331785,WMID-605EBF,,WMID605EBF.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age unlooped palstave (front, profile, reverse, profile, plan and underside)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMID605EBF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1075688.jpg
973911,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Middle Bronze Age unlooped palstave, the surface with patches of corrosion, much of which is concentrated between the flanges on both faces. Below the stop ridge a low rib defines a rounded shield-shaped motif. Chipped cutting edge. Both sides have a longitudinal casting seam. Weight 389g. Length 151mm. Width 60mm. Thickness 28mm. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.","'Found at depth of 18""'",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-07-10T23:00:00Z,2019-09-10T23:00:00Z,,,,,,28,151,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Horsford,TG1915,From a paper map,52.68838619,1.23892627,NMS-73207A,,PFd_3734_73207A_AMD092019_BA_Palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_3734_73207A_AMD092019_BA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155823.jpg
973914,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1500,"Early Bronze Age flat axe, very worn and corroded with corroded scraps of original surface surviving. Both faces of rectangular section slightly convex, tapering to thin rounded butt end and cutting edge. Length 86.5mm. Width 44mm. 9mm thick. Weighs 150g. c. 2000-1500 BC.","'Found at depth of 17""'",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-07-10T23:00:00Z,2019-09-10T23:00:00Z,,,150,,,9,86.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Broadland,Horsford,TG1915,From a paper map,52.68838619,1.23892627,NMS-735C99,,PFd_63734_735C99_AMD092019_BA_Axe.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_63734_735C99_AMD092019_BA_Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155805.jpg
974515,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,"A copper alloy blade fragment, probably from a Bronze Age axehead or other tool of uncertain type. The fragment is triangular, 26.2mm in length with a curved blade edge and two other broken edges. The relatively flat profile of the fragment suggests that it may come from a flat or palstave axehead or perhaps from another form of tool such as a chisel.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.84,,,4,26.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Amport,SU2844,From finder,51.19453879,-1.60068092,SUR-DDB222,,SURDDB222.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURDDB222.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1076285.jpg
974763,Punch,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-750,"A copper alloy tanged punch or graver of  Middle to Late Bronze Age date c. 1500 - 750 BC.  At one end is a long, tapered tang with a sub-angular cross section. The tang extends to approximately one third of the overall length of the implement. From here the it expands into a faceted hexagonal profile. This then tapers to a rounded point forming a conical awl.

Length: 105.39 mm

Diameter: 7.47 mm

Weight: 20.1 g

Small tools of this type were used for an extensive period of time, not simply in the Bronze age, but also in later periods for jewellery making and fine work. Peter Reavill (pers comm) suggests a Middle to late Bronze Age date and comments that whilst such tools are also found in later periods, this is is less likely to be Roman or later as iron would be preferable at that date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.1,,7.47,,105.39,1,Megan Gard,Rachel Mowbray,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Portesham,SY6486,From finder,50.67254313,-2.51081423,DOR-053F4A,,053F4A.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/053F4A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1079958.jpg
974926,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1700,"Part of an undecorated flat axe of Early Bronze Age date (about 2200 - 1700 BC). Only the cutting blade end survives, probably less than half of the whole axehead. The axehead is 58mm long, 68.2mm wide tapering to 48.4mm, 11mm thick and weighs 216g.



The axe probably best fits within the Migdale metalworking tradition Type: Migdale - undecorated variant. These are dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II - VI), of metalworking stage IV-VI, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2-3 circa 2200 - 1700 CAL. BC.



The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in plan with evenly expanding sides that extend to a splayed crescent shaped blade. The butt end is broken. In profile the axe is broadly lentoid with the blade end tapering. In cross section the axe is rectangular with all four faces only very slightly convex.



The sides of the axe gently expand evenly in width to a point just above the cutting edge where they become distinctly out-turned / splayed. The long edges of the axe have not been raised to form flanges; there is also no evidence of a median bevel (proto stop ridge) on either face of the axe. The tips of the blade are in good condition and there are indistinct blade facets on both faces of the cutting edge.



The axe has large patches of light green patina surviving, but is a red colour where the patina is missing. The surface is smooth and solid. Although there has been some surface loss there is no evidence of applied incised or hammered decoration. The break is patinated and irregular.



The axe can be compared to DENO-830FF8 and HESH-83416C.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-10T23:00:00Z,2019-08-10T23:00:00Z,,,216,,,11,58,1,Julie Scriven,Julie Scriven,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Stapleton,SE5018,From finder,53.65611198,-1.2449311,SWYOR-444489,,SWYOR444489BronzeAgeAxehead.jpg,SWYOR-444489 Bronze Age Axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR444489BronzeAgeAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1077949.jpg
975058,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1150,"A section of a copper alloy Middle Bronze Age rapier or dirk blade dating from about 1550-1150 BC.  The object is broken at both ends; the breaks are abraded and patinated and probably old. The blade tapers to a broken tip and has a tapered cutting edge on both sides. There is a faint central rib on both faces for much of the length of the rermaining blade, giving a shallow lozengiform cross section. It has a patchy green brown patina. The blade is 117mm long, 16.2mm wide and 2.7mm thick. It weighs 17.7g. See https://finds.org.uk/guides/bronzeage/objects/rapiers-and-dirks.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-07T23:00:00Z,2019-08-14T23:00:00Z,,,17.7,,,2.7,117,1,Julie Scriven,Julie Scriven,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Nidd,SE3060,From finder,54.03511629,-1.54344853,SWYOR-47F96C,,SWYOR47F96C.jpg,Bronze Age,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/phil17/SWYOR47F96C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1079366.jpg
975111,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1300,1150,"Middle Bronze Age bronze Transitional palstave, probably of Type Roundhay, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p. 149)[1], Ribbed Variant and of Penard or Wallington metalworking industry, of Needham's Periods 5 -6, dated to c. 1300 - 1150BC



The palstave is near-complete, missing the loop but is heavily-corroded and is comparatively small (with a length of 108.6mm and a weight of 194.6g). The butt is straight, now worn to a slight angle (with a width of 18mm and a thickness of 5mm). The sides are near parallel, very gently convex (reaching a width of 23.5mm above the loop and a width of 20.8mm at the stop). The loop has been lost but the stubs indicate that it was positioned either side of the stop (with a length of 25mm and internal length of 9mm). The sides of the blade are gently curved and divergent, producing a moderately expanded blade edge with prominent curve (with a blade width of 37.4mm). The casting seams are raised and discernible on both sides but were neatly finished. The sides are appear to have been flat across the depths above the stop but convex on the blade. The flanges have been truncated but the better preserved flange appears to have been straight, gradually rising from the butt to the stop (with a maximum surviving thickness at the stop of 24.0mm. The stop has a gentle curve and near-vertical sides, perpendicular to the septum. The septum is moderately concave across its width and flat across its length. Both faces are ribbed, with a prominent midrib, flanked on each side with weaker ribs, positioned near but not at the sides. The ribs appear to have extended all the way along the blade to a blade facet. A single blade facet is evident on the blade. The surface is corroded but has mid to dark-green patina where it survives.



The palstave has a number of unusual features; Type Roundhay palstaves are generally smaller but this example is unusually small and also the three-rib decoration arrangement is difficult to parallel. The form is broadly consistent with Transitional Palstaves and specifically of Type Roundhay.



[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,194.6,,,,108.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,,Caerphilly,Caerphilly,Nelson,ST1092,,51.61960083,-3.30138121,NMGW-58F2B5,,2016961.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mlodwick/2016961.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1076836.jpg
975635,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-800,"
Copper alloy Bronze Age knife fragment that is truncated at both ends but most likely the lower to middle portion of the blade.  The blade has a low flat central spine that runs down the length of both faces; this is flanked by double bevelled sides that create a narrow cutting edge. The cutting edge on both sides is heavily damaged by corrosion resulting the in loss of almost all of their surface area so it is impossible to be certain of the original width. 
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-01T00:00:00Z,2019-04-30T23:00:00Z,,,23.02,,,3,67,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,South Gloucestershire,South Gloucestershire,Sodbury,ST7582,From finder,51.536344,-2.36183453,GLO-87FC3B,,GLO87FC3B.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO87FC3B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1077344.jpg
975991,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"An almost complete, copper alloy spearhead dating to the middle Bronze Age (c. 1600&nbsp;- 1400 BC). The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile, with a sub-oval/leaf-shaped blade that has a pronounced mid-rib on both faces. The socket is hollow and has the remains of cast side loops, roughly half way up the socketed end on opposing sides.The blade edges are chipped and the mid-rib also shows signs of wear. The object has a smooth dark brown to olive green patina which is pitted in places.

Length 157.0 mm, width across blade 25.3 mm, thickness 2.6 mm and weight 80.34 g.

This form of leaf-shaped spear with side-loops can be classified as Greenwell and Brewis Class IV. Similar objects recorded on the PAS database include: SWYOR-A609BB; LIN-0DDC06; and LANCUM-D63A53.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,80.34,,,2.6,157,1,,Catherine Falkner,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Mansfield,Holly,SK5663,,53.16118867,-1.16390282,DENO-DBE72C,,DENODBE72C.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meghank/DENODBE72C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1197725.jpg
976040,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date, c. 1000 - 800 BC. The fragment is the blade end of the axehead which is trapezoidal with a worn cutting edge and rounded corners. The cross-section is rectangular and the breaks are old and worn. The tip of an off-center socket can be seen to the broken end.



The metal has a dark brown patina and is worn. The fragment is 35.2mm long, 46.5mm wide, 15.7mm thick and weighs 72g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1000 - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,72,,,15.7,35.2,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Yapham,SE7851,GPS (from the finder),53.94923153,-0.81300274,YORYM-DD279E,,PS0861.jpg,Bronze Age : Axehead,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/PS0861.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1077742.jpg
976131,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A Late Bronze Age gold-plated copper alloy penannular ring dating from 1300-800BC. The ring is oval in shape and the terminals are flat ended. The ring is cracked and chipped in several places where the inner copper alloy core has corroded underneath, and the terminals have become joined by corroded metal. 



Dimensions: Diameter: 15.3mm, thickness: 4.1mm, weight: 3.48g



Discussion: A gold-plated lock ring of a similar style on the database (LANCUM-C2543F) that is Bronze Age in date was submitted for consideration as treasure (Treasure case tracking number: 2017T810) and includes the discussion: ‘This penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange. Relatively few examples have been dated through associated finds, archaeological investigation or radiocarbon dating, however burials in Belgium, northeast France and The Netherlands and secondly, Scottish and Irish hoard associations, have suggested a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800BC (e.g. Eogan 1997).



However, in recent years, the evidence for their earlier currency has been growing. A number of simple 'hair-rings' of solid gold rod construction have been found within a gold hoard near Cirencester (Needham 2007, 26-33, Figs. 17.3-4). These were directly associated with twisted torc and bracelet fragments also belonging to the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age. In Ireland, 'hair-rings' have been discovered at excavated sites at Rathgall, Co. Wicklow and Ballypriorbeg, Co. Tyrone have also recently been radiocarbon dated to 1290-1040 cal BC and 1373-1019 cal BC respectively (Dunne 2003; Suddaby 2003, 82-4, 88; Raftery 2004, 87-8). Therefore, on current evidence, the penannular ring may be dated to the Middle or Late Bronze Age (1300-800BC).



'Hair-rings' are discovered in significant numbers across Ireland and England, with approaching 130 known in Ireland (Raftery 2004, 87) and approaching 100 known in England, 40 new examples of which have been reported over the past ten years alone, usually by metal detectorists (O'Connor et al 2008; DCMS 2008, 21-2, Nos. 17-25; British Museum 2009, 50, Nos. 44-7). A significant scatter is known, especially from burials across Belgium, northeast France and The Netherlands (Eluère 1982, 52-3; Eogan 1997) with a small but growing number also from Scotland (O'Connor et al 2008). There are a number of examples known from Wales, Brynmill and Port Eynon, Swansea, 'Carmarthenshire', Ty Mawr, Anglesey and Graianog, Gwynedd (Gwilt 2000; 2004; 2009; Gwilt et al 2005, 40, Fig. 5, Nos. 2, 14 & 15).



LANCUM-C2543F is the first complete example from Cumbria and the only other complete example known from the North West is from Wrenbury practically on the Welsh border. There is another broken example from West Cumbria manufactured from gold sheet rolled into a tube with a single seam running along the inner edge of the ring. Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface indicated a gold content of 80-82%, silver content of 14-15%, with at least 4% copper. The ring is formed from gold sheet rolled into a curved tube, with a single seam running along the inner edge of the ring. According to Gillian Varndell Curator, Department of Prehistory and Europe, British Museum. It is probably part of a well-known Bronze Age ornament type (composite ring) dating to c.1300-1100 BC. This find is also close to other gold finds from West Cumbria from a similar period consisting of a penannular bracelet and three lock rings. These finds are very significant for the North West in terms of high status Late Bronze Age activity.



The complex technology and compositions of a range of penannular rings within the British Museum collections has recently been studied in a systematic and considered manner (Meeks et al 2008). The St. Donats discovery appears to be most similar to their striped Group 3 examples, where silvery gold wire has been inlaid circumferentially into a gold core or gold foil. It most closely correlates with their Group 3d rings, defined as being gold foil plated copper alloy rings with silvery gold wire inlaid into the gold foil (Meeks et al 2008, 20 & Fig. 1x). However, closer comparison of the characteristics exhibited by examples from Wales (St. Donats, Port Eynon, Brynmill and Graianog) suggests further variations, not entirely captured within the British Museum study sample. For example, the St. Donats and Port Eynon examples appear to have wider stripes and copper cores, rather than the narrow stripes and copper alloy cores of the closest British Museum parallels. The three penannular rings from south Wales (St. Donats, Port Eynon and Brynmill) appear to be closely similar in size and construction. All are small with diameters of 15.5-17.1mm, with gold foil over copper cores and similar weights of 6.85-7.31g. By comparison, the Graianog example, though striped, is slightly larger at 17-19mm diameter, thicker and appreciably heavier at 11.22g, while the gold foil is over a bronze rather than copper core. At the time of the reporting of the Port Eynon penannular ring, in 1999, analytical testing led to an interpretation of an electrum plated copper core, with a gold tape or foil wound spirally around the ring to give the striped effect (Northover unpublished; Gwilt 2000). The recent British Museum study is instead suggesting that strips of silvery gold were inlaid around a gold core or alternatively a base metal core covered in gold foil. Further consideration and analysis will be required, before the precise technique for the decoration on the St. Donats example can be absolutely confirmed.","As the object is over 300 years old and contains more than 10% precious metal, it fulfils the requirements of the Treasure Act.



Lori Rogerson, Database Volunteer, Essex",3,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2019T1068,,3.48,,15.3,4.1,,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Woodham Ferrers and Bicknacre,TQ8099,From finder,51.66095334,0.60109157,ESS-EDCA69,,2019T1068.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lisapittjones/2019T1068.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1161332.jpg
976353,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper alloy Awl, or tracer/awl of Late Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC). The object has a sub-rectangular shaft tapering at either and with an expanded central shaft. One end tapers to a narrowed and flattened rectangular sectioned terminal. The other end retains a sub-rectangular section and tapers in towards a rounded terminal.



Awls are usually simple, pointed ended tools in use from the beginning to the end of the Bronze Age (and possibly beyond).



The metal is brown and green in colour with a pitted patina.



Length: 54.23mm, Width: 6.49mm, Thickness: 6.04mm, Weight: 6.0g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6,,,6.04,54.23,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Kettering,Cransley,SP8176,From finder,52.37606165,-0.81155299,NARC-02EFF5,,NARC02EFF5.jpg,NARC-02EFF5 : Awl : Late Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC02EFF5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1078010.jpg
976354,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier, of Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC). The object is rectangular in plan and a pointed oval in cross section. It is incomplete on all sides but has a visible bevel along the left and right hand edges away from the mid-rib. The cutting edges have been extensively broken and abraded.



The metal is a mid-green in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



Length: 40.64mm, Width: 12.39mm, Thickness: 4.60mm, Weight: 8.2g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.2,,,4.6,40.64,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Kettering,Cransley,SP8176,From finder,52.37606165,-0.81155299,NARC-03000F,,NARC03000F.jpg,NARC-03000F : Blade : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC03000F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1078013.jpg
976449,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Butt end of a copper alloy possible Late Bronze Age awl in quite fresh condition. At the ancient break the cross-section is irregularly hexagonal, i.e. four-sided but with chamfers at two opposite corners. Two of the broad sides taper to a wedge-shaped terminal. Weight 1.59g. Extant length 18.1mm. Width 4.3mm. perhaps c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-19T23:00:00Z,2019-09-19T23:00:00Z,,,1.59,,,,18.1,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,Breckland,Cranwich,TL7894,From finder,52.51481508,0.62176704,NMS-051A09,,63352_051A09_BA_Awl.jpg,Incomplete possible Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/63352_051A09_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1104012.jpg
977365,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy, possible tip from a spear head, of probable Middle Bronze Age dating (1500 BC to 1150 BC).



Around 5% of the spear head is present, consisting only of the possible tip. It is sub triangular in shape, with a lentoid cross section. Traces of side blades are present to either side.



It measures 19.7 mm in length, 7.9 mm wide (base), 3.3 mm wide (tip) and 4.6 mm thick. It weighs 2.2 g.



The possible spear head is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.2,,,4.6,19.7,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Bidford-on-Avon,SP1150,Centred on field,52.1481791,-1.84065755,WMID-842671,,WMID842671.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Possible Spear tip,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID842671.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1078625.jpg
977511,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 800 BC) socketed spearhead. The copper alloy spearhead consists of the upper portion of the spear, being broken above the socket. The tip is also damaged and abraded. In plan the spearhead is an elongated sub-triangle with the blade facets and tip all being abraded. The spear blades cutting edges have therefore been lost, however, the overall shape of the blade can be probably be ascribed to being leaf-shaped. The spearhead has a bi-convex shaped cross section. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead.



The surface of the spearhead has a dark grey/green coloured patina which is incomplete. It measures 36.82mm long, 13mm wide, 7.6mm thick and weighs 9.04g.



It is likely that the style of this type of spearhead can be attributed to the Middle Bronze Age; specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC). However, many of the diagnostic characteristics (such as loops, peg holes and blade shape) have been lost and so a wider date range is suggested above.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-01T00:00:00Z,2018-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,9.04,,,7.6,36.82,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Morton Bagot,SP1163,From finder,52.26505355,-1.84023963,WAW-93DAFB,,WAW93DAFB.jpg,"Middle or Late Bronze Age date (1500 - 800 BC) socketed spearhead (plan, profile and reverse).",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abolton/WAW93DAFB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1078726.jpg
977888,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1000,"Incomplete cast copper alloy side-looped Transitional Type Shelf, Midribbed Variant palstave, missing its stop ridge and butt end, dating from the Penard (c.1275-1150 BC) phase or perhaps a Late Palstave, Type Silsden, dating from the Wilburton phase (c.1150-1020 BC) of the Middle Bronze Age. The palstave has a straight sided blade with the sides almost parallel and very little expansion towards the cutting edge which is 29 mm in width, with one corner of edge missing. There is a wide central rib on each face of the blade that is about 47 mm in length on both sides and 11 mm in width, just below the stop ridge, and tapers to 9 mm towards the end of blade. The base of the stop ridge remains on both sides, creating a T-shape in profile, so that the depth of the broken edge is 30 mm. On one side of the palstave the base of the side-loop survives below stop ridge, but the loop and its upper attachment are missing with the rest of the hafting end of the palstave, which would have held the handle. The surface of the blade is damaged, corroded and pitted and the original edge is missing down one side of the blade.



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate similar palstaves with wide midribs and narrow inset blades from Aldwick-le-Street and Saddleworth, West Yorkshire in plates 62-63, nos.851 & 864, which are classified as Transitional Palstaves, Type Shelf, Midribbed Variant and dated from the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age; and Late Palstaves illlustrated in plates 66-67, nos.907 & 924, from Wallington, Northumberland and Silsden West Yorkshire, Type Penrith and Type Silsden (like Type Shelf) which date from the Wilburton / Wallington phase of the Middle Bronze Age.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a slender palstave with a wide mid-rib and narrow blade from Cornwall (but unlocated and in the Royal Ontario Museum) on p.93, pl.20, no.88.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-10T23:00:00Z,2019-08-10T23:00:00Z,,,162.4,,,30,80,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Grade-Ruan,SW7215,GPS (from the finder),49.99147926,-5.18234485,CORN-B19EC0,,DSCN8105a.JPG,palstave blade,Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN8105a.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1079060.jpg
978612,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete Bronze Age socketed axehead dating to the period c. 1000-800BC. The fragment is the blade end of a socketed axehead, which is trapezoidal in it's surviving shape with a worn cutting edge and rounded corners. The cross-section is rectangular, bulging slightly at the waist, and the breaks are old and worn. There is no trace of the socket at the broken end.



The metal has a pale green patina for the internal metal; at the surface it is a darker green-brown in colour and is delaminating. The fragment is 39.7mm long, 24.4mm wide, 11.8mm thick and weighs 38.3g.



Due to the incomplete nature of the axehead it is not possible to ascribe it to a particular type series and it has therefore been dated broadly as late Bronze Age in date circa 1000 - 800 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-24T23:00:00Z,,,,38.3,,,11.8,39.7,1,Mr Adam Parker,Mr Adam Parker,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Bishop Burton,SE9538,From finder,53.82958952,-0.55808244,YORYM-178F62,,YORYM_178F62.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/adamparker26/YORYM_178F62.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1083253.jpg
978765,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-800,"A probably incomplete and bent pointed-oval shaped piece of sheet gold 0.4mm thick, of possible Bronze Age date (2,500-800 BC). The long edges are both jagged and circa one third is folded transversely back on/ under itself. The terminal at the shorter end appears complete. It narrows to a point which is again folded back on itself, perhaps incidentally or perhaps intentionally - it could be interpreted as a hook. The terminal at the opposite end also narrows to a point and is intentionally cut in a straight diagonal on one edge. This terminal is also folded back on itself. As the object presents now both terminals bend in the same direction, but without the transverse bend of the object they would bend in opposite directions.

At the centre of the object it measures max.7.4mm wide. This narrows to 2.6mm and 2.7mm at the terminal folds. The object has a length of 18.5mm and weighs 0.51g. Its estimated length without the transverse fold is c.28mm.","
The object is perhaps related to gold ornaments/ strips known from the Bronze Age of Southern England.
",3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-11-03T00:00:00Z,2019-11-03T00:00:00Z,2019T1019,,0.51,,,0.4,18.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Havant,Hayling East,SU7202,From finder,50.81308425,-0.97940201,HAMP-1AE2BD,,HAMP1AE2BD.jpg,Bronze Age (possibly) unidentified object,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP1AE2BD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1088766.jpg
978789,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,700,"Fragment of a possible cast copper alloy ingot, probably originally circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this fragment is rectangular in plan, square in profile and triangular in section, as it likely comes from the centre of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1150-700 BC. The upper face and base of the ingot are smooth with some dark green patches of patina, and the sides of the fragment have ridges and cavities typically seen in the sections of these bun ingots.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, PLate 36, Nos.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork, and an ingot fragment from Churston Ferrers, Torbay on page 457, Plate 40, No.306b, which was found with a larger plano-convex ingot.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-19T23:00:00Z,,,,246,36.01,,,46.52,1,Emma Youell,Emma Youell,South East,Kent,Dover,Eythorne,TR2649,GPS (from the finder),51.19550078,1.23327042,PUBLIC-1D6B28,,bronzebun.jpg,PUBLIC-1D6B28,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ehmahh/bronzebun.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1079824.jpg
978831,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,400,"An incomplete copper alloy tanged awl, punch or engraving tool, probably Bronze Age to Roman in date. It has a sharp pointed tip and a worn break at the opposite end at a stepped base of a missing tang. The surviving pointed element is pentagonal in profile, with five distinct flat faces and tapers from 10.4mm to 1.7mm at the point.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.53,,,,54.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Over Wallop,SU2839,From finder,51.14958003,-1.60106877,SUR-29F92C,,SUR29F92C.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR29F92C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1079992.jpg
978835,Palstave,Bronze Age,Post Medieval,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Butt-end fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axe. The break is oblique and ancient.  The flanges are especially worn and there has been some damage and loss of surface at the very tip of the butt. It has a dark brown patina with green revealed along the eroded edges. c. 1600-1000 BC



Length: 54.4mm. Width: 25.8mm. Thickness: 18.5mm. Weight: 58.5g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-24T23:00:00Z,2019-10-30T00:00:00Z,,,58.5,,,18.5,54.4,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Carleton Rode,TM1091,From finder,52.47650761,1.09077326,NMS-2A5439,,61391_2A5439_MBA_Palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/61391_2A5439_MBA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1080068.jpg
979939,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead, of Late Bronze Age dating (1150 BC to 800 BC).



Less than 25% of the socketed axehead is present, consisting of the base of the socket and the blade edge. The fragment is sub rectangular in shape, and triangular in cross section. The socket is rectangular in shape. Casting ridges are present along one of the sides. The blade edge is rounded and expands out at the sides. The blade edge is damaged.



The socketed axehead fragment measures 22.7 mm in length, 53.0 mm wide (at the blade), 43.2 mm wide (at the body), 10.0 mm thick (at the body), 2.9 mm thick (at the blade edge). The remnants of the socket is 4.5 mm deep. It weighs 35.6 g.



The socketed axehead is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.



Peter Reavill (Herefordshire & Shropshire FLO) commented on a similar socketed axehead fragment (WMID-EB5248) that it is late BA rather than Middle - as in post Wilburton - Llyn Fawr phase (1150-750 BC). Almost all socketed axes are from the Ewart Park phase (1000-800 BC). This example is likely to be similar in dating.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,35.6,,,10,22.7,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Adbaston,SJ7827,From finder,52.84005753,-2.32804591,WMID-AA5943,,wmidaa5943.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete socketed axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/wmidaa5943.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1099411.jpg
979985,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,1500,100,"A complete cast copper-alloy rounded moustache-shaped object of late Bronze Age or Iron Age date. The object is cast in one piece comprising a narrowed body with two sweeping swollen drop shaped arms which taper towards pointed terminals. The upper centre of the body has a recess. The object is decorated with grooves, running top to botom of each arm creating a ribbed effect. It has a mottled light grey brown and light green patination.



Measurements: length: 22.1mm, width: 22mm, thickness:10.9mm, weight: 11.85g



Similar examples recorded on the database inlcude KENT-A12C41; NARC-39B60B and LVPL-B000C6",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-24T23:00:00Z,,,,11.85,,,10.9,22.1,1,Lori Rogerson,Lori Rogerson,,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,High Wych,TL4616,From finder,51.82355203,0.11704127,ESS-AB9EA7,,ESSAB9EA7.jpg,Unidentified copper-alloy Bronze Age artefact,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESSAB9EA7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1081001.jpg
980099,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy arrowhead or spearhead of unknown date, possibly middle Bronze Age date, c. 1500 - 1000 BC or possibly later into the Roman period. Only the tip of the spear remains which is triangular in plan and lozenge in section with mid-ribs. No socket is present. An insufficient portion of the spear remains to prove diagnostic, therefore a specific type cannot be attributed.



The arrowhead is 39mm in length, 16.4mm maximum width, 7mm maximum thickness, and weighs 8.93g.



The object was first classified as an arrowhead however the prominent lozenge midrib is diagnostic for spearheads, arrowheads being very rare and more oval shaped in cross section. Not enough of the spearhead has remained to be able to date this fragment to a more precise range, although the circular section, the angle of the blade, and the midrib extending to the to the tip suggest comparisons with spearheads in Davis Groups 6-11. See also BERK-FABE5E also found in Oxfordshire, and YORYM-DDBFB8, YORYM-1AAAE5 as possibly parallels.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-05T23:00:00Z,2019-10-05T23:00:00Z,,,8.93,,,7,39,1,Helena Costas,Helena Costas,,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Chilton,SU4884,GPS (from the finder),51.55285318,-1.30909374,BERK-AF0855,,BERKAF0855.jpg,Bronze Age arrowhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/helenacostas/BERKAF0855.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1081714.jpg
980116,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-850,"Incomplete cast copper alloy ingot which would have originally been circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this ingot is triangular in plan, trapezoidal in profile, and rectangular in section, as it comes from one edge of the original ingot. Plano-convex ingots like this one were used during the Late Bronze Age, c.1000-700 BC. The surface of the ingot is pitted where air bubbles formed during the casting process and the exposed sides of the fragment have worn cavities typically seen in these bun ingots. There are dark green and coppery brown areas and a few lighter green patches of bronze disease. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards in Cornwall dating from the Late Bronze Age, most recently in a hoard (2016 T20) from St Levan (CORN-E8DF11) and in another hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), which were found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.



Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular profiles from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, plate 36, no.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar plano-convex ingot from Churston Ferrers in Devon on page 79, pl.6, no.123b recorded in DEV-D9F1E2 (2011T441) which are dated from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-04-30T23:00:00Z,2018-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,514.05,34,120,34,66,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Erth,SW5632,Centred on field,50.13776804,-5.41600381,CORN-B36EA0,,DSCN8175.JPG,plano-convex ingot fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN8175.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1081242.jpg
980117,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-850,"Cast copper alloy casting jet with two sprues which is left over waste from casting a Late Bronze Age socketed tool. Casting jets are the excess reservoirs of metal created in the cavity at the top of the mould during the casting process. The survival of such casting waste is relatively rare in hoards dating to earlier phases of the Bronze Age, but the inclusion of casting jet and other metal casting waste in hoards becomes more common during the Late Bronze Age (cf. Bradley 2013, 128-9). These finds are most common as associations within hoards dating from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC), such as the hoard from St Levan recorded in CORN-E8DF11, which were found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age. (cf. Treasure Case 2011 W10, PAS ID: NMGW-BA6184 for more examples). Examples of Bronze Age casting jets with multiple sprues are recorded in: LANCUM-8A5846, ESS-E04151, BH-4D6780 and LIN-A52465.



Pearce (1983, p.571, pl.10, no.82e) illustrates a similar casting jet with several conical sprues from a hoard from Lelant in Cornwall, which was found associated with swords fragments that resemble those from the Ewart Park phase. Knight et al. (2015, p.82, pl.9, no.247f) illustrate a casting jet from Gussage All Saints in Dorset which was found with a socketed axe mouth fragment.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-01T00:00:00Z,2018-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,23.15,29,,21,36,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Erth,SW5732,Generated from computer mapping software,50.13817856,-5.40203551,CORN-B372C3,,DSCN8173.JPG,casting jet (profile),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN8173.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1081239.jpg
980389,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Fragment of a Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axe, probably dating to the late Bronze Age, c. 1100-800 BC.



The fragment is partially rounded on one edge and features a collar at the socketed edge. There are ribs visible on the surface. The inside of the fragment is plain. The patina is mostly red/brown with areas that have worn away to reveal green colouring. The red/brown colouring attests to the likely inclusion of a significant amount of iron in the alloy.



The fragment has a weight of 17.6g, a length of 33.2mm, a width of 30.3mm and a  maximum thickness of 6.1mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.6,,,6.1,33.2,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Great Dunmow,TL6018,From finder,51.8376893,0.3209317,ESS-D41BDF,,ESSD41BDF.jpg,Copper-alloy socketed axe fragment,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESSD41BDF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1081093.jpg
980527,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A triangular copper alloy fragment of the tip of blade, probably from a rapier or dirk, but possibly a spearhead, of middle Bronze Age date, c 1500 - 1200 BC. The fragment is 40mm in length with a lenticular cross section and has been bent into an S-shape, possibly intentionally.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5,,,2.8,40,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chitterne,ST9944,From finder,51.19521815,-2.015692,SUR-E7A00E,,SURE7A00E.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURE7A00E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1081273.jpg
980586,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Early-Middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged axehead of Needham's (1983) Type 5a. Narrow butt (width 15mm, 3mm thick). The body is slender and expands to form a blade with a crescentic cutting edge (width 52mm). The sides are flanged and have a lenticular profile (maximum thickness 13mm). The surface has some pitting and corrosion. Length 91.5mm. 128.12g. See Needham 1983. c. 1700 - 1500 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-06T23:00:00Z,2019-09-06T23:00:00Z,,,128.12,,,13,91.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wacton,TM1889,,52.45542227,1.20706841,NMS-EA30C8,,PFd_62974_EA30C8_NHRG102019_BA_Axehead.jpg,Early-Middle Bronze Age flanged axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_62974_EA30C8_NHRG102019_BA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155172.jpg
981389,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,410,"Copper-alloy ring with dark green polished surface. It is 20mm in diameter externally and with a central hole 11mm in diameter. The ring is 5mm thick where best preserved; in other places, corrosion has removed some of the surface. In cross-section it is kite-shaped, with an acutely pointed arris around the exterior and a more gentle angle in the central hole. It weighs 6.21g.



Rings of these proportions have been dated to the late Bronze Age (e.g. WILT-7BCF7B, with references), or Iron Age to Roman periods (e.g. SOM-7EDF21, WILT-CDE753, HAMP-E3F5BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-06-18T23:00:00Z,2019-10-15T23:00:00Z,,,6.21,,20,5,,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,Eastern,Suffolk,Mid Suffolk,Fressingfield,TM2677,From finder,52.34447433,1.31650731,NMS-54E13B,,Suffolk_54E13B_BA_Ring.jpg,Bronze Age to Roman copper alloy ring,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/Suffolk_54E13B_BA_Ring.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1082178.jpg
981509,Rivet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1950,-1150,"A small (14.6mm in length) cylindrical cast copper alloy rivet of Bronze Age date, with angled and burred or domed ends of 7.8mm diameter. The patina is dark green and even.","Probaby from a dagger, dirk or other bladed weapon of EBA II - MBA III date range (1950-1150 BC). Similar examples found in isolation include SF-1CBC42, SF-868ED2, SF7554 and CAM-8EEE54. See SOM-AC79FD or HESH-4CD185 for examples found with blades.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.76,,7.8,,14.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,West Meon,SU6422,From finder,50.99384702,-1.08943745,SUR-67FF1C,,SUR67FF1C.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR67FF1C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1082149.jpg
981638,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy tanged chisel probably dating to the late Bronze Age (c. 1150 - 800 BC). The chisel has a tang with a rectangular to square cross section, 4mm thick, which meets the blade at a rectangular transverse collar. The blade expands slightly from 7.0mm wide below the collar to 8.5mm wide at the cutting edge and is bent, although it is not possible to tell if this is from an intentional act.","Recorded from details emailed by the finder.



Tanged chisels of this type are uncommon finds; examples recorded on the database include BH-49EAD8, NMS-5059F9, SUR-E710D7 and BERK-52E8C3.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.3,,,4,40.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Chilcomb,SU5030,,51.0671629,-1.2878036,SUR-79EE05,,SUR79EE05a.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR79EE05a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1082226.jpg
981711,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of late Bronze Age copper-alloy tapering blade, perhaps a rapier, spearhead or arrowhead. The lower break is across a rounded oval midrib measuring perhaps 5 x 5.5mm in cross-section. The midrib then runs up the fragment and is flanked by incomplete cutting edges. All breaks are worn. Surviving length 27.5mm, surviving width 13mm, weight 4.7g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-11-04T00:00:00Z,2019-11-04T00:00:00Z,,,4.7,,,5,27.5,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Dereham,TG0113,GPS (from the finder),52.67740404,0.97178274,NMS-7DFA29,,61838_7DFA29_BA_BLADE.jpg,Bronze Age blade,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/61838_7DFA29_BA_BLADE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1086069.jpg
982043,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-700,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy axehead, dating from the Bronze Age, about 2500 BC - 700 BC. The surviving part consists of the blade tip, however the body is missing. The axe fragment is sub-trapezoidal in plan and rectangular with convex faces in cross-section. The body extends while gradually thinning to a flared convex cutting edge with broken and worn corners that expand slightly wider than the body. The blade edge is worn and damaged, while the breaks on the body are also old, patinated and worn. The exterior surfaces of the axehead have a mid-green patina with patches of brown deposition residue.



The axe head measures a maximum of 25.8mm in length, 39.0mm in maximum width, 12.6mm in body thickness at the break and 3.4mm thick at the blade edge and weighs 40.49g.



The fragment is largely undiagnostic and so a date is hard to achieve. The fragment may have belonged to a flat axe, a palstave or a socketed axe and so its date of manufacture could range from anywhere between about 2500 BC (with the introduction of bronze flat axes) and 700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-01T23:00:00Z,2019-05-01T23:00:00Z,,,40.49,,,12.6,25.8,1,Joan Tozer,Joan Tozer,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Stirton with Thorlby,SD9554,From finder,53.9820308,-2.07773199,SWYOR-BD7125,,SWYORBD7125.jpg,Bronze Age axe head,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/phil17/SWYORBD7125.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1086000.jpg
982070,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC) gold or gold-plated copper alloy penannular ring, oval in cross-section with cut or burred-over edges at the terminals. The edge opposite the terminal has a cross-section measuring 7.5 x 7.9mm. A paler gold strip or wire (possibly silvery-gold with some evidence of tarnishing, mostly on the inside of the ring) winds around the brighter gold surface of the object to give striped bands of equal size, c. 1mm wide.

The object measures 18.5mm in length, 19.8mm in width, 7.9mm in max.thickness (the side opposite to the terminal) and weighs 13.14g.","'The penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange' (Mark Lodwick and Mary Davis in record NMGW-04216C; references therein).",3,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-11-23T00:00:00Z,2019-11-23T00:00:00Z,2019T1091,,13.14,,,7.9,18.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Stockbridge,SU3634,From finder,51.10417592,-1.48719648,HAMP-BE4072,,HAMPBE4072.jpg,Bronze Age penannular ring,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMPBE4072.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1088748.jpg
982536,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Socketed Spearhead, of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1200-800 BC).



The object is the tip of a socketed spearhead, the blade is narrow and triangular with a pronounced mid rib on both sides extending to the tip of the spear which tapers in to a point. In cross section the object is lozenge shaped. The edges narrow and flare out from the mid-rib. There are multiple abrasions and missing portions of the edges. The fragment terminates in an old abraded transverse break. The socketed lower portion of the object is missing and the retained portions has a shallow concave aspect expose by the break.



The metal is a dark-green in colour with a pitted and corroded patina.



As this represents only a small fragment of the spear it is not possibly to classify the form of the complete object. It is probably of a later Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age (c. 1200-c. 800 cal BC).



Similar objects can be found on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: NLM-99D791, IOW-F3883D, SUR-BB2595



Length: 20.04mm, Width: 11.33mm, Thickness: 7.03mm, Weight: 2.6g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.6,,,7.03,20.04,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Evenley,SP5835,From finder,52.0104091,-1.1563738,NARC-E9109C,,NARCE9109C.jpg,NARC-E9109C : Spearhead : Bronze-Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCE9109C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1083038.jpg
982649,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1275,"Incomplete cast copper alloy palstave or axehead, dating from the Acton Park (1500-1400 BC) to the Taunton (1400-1275 BC) phases of the Middle Bronze Age. The palstave is missing its butt end which was hafted to the handle and likely broke at this point during use with the rest of the palstave still attached to the handle. The palstave has the remains of a rounded protruding stop ridge on both sides, 27 mm in total thickness, with recessed apertures within, 7 mm deep, which would have originally held the end of the haft or handle for the axehead. Below the stop ridge, which is 26 mm wide, the front and the back of the blade are recessed, 20 mm in thickness, and the sides are slightly inset and parallel to begin with, at 25 mm in width, but expand towards the cutting edge, 44 mm in width, to form a triangular-shaped blade in plan. The blade end is damaged and 9 mm in thickness, but there are no signs of it expanding to a crescentic edge. The surface of the blade is damaged and pitted but does not appear to have been decorated. The sides are also pitted and corroded but there is no evidence of the remains of the bottom of a side loop.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a slender palstave with no mouldings on the blade from the hoard of mainly shield-patterned palstaves found at St Tudy, Cornwall, on p.78, pl.5, no.78d.



Palstaves with shield-shaped decoration and expanded blades can be found during the Acton Park II metalwork phase (c.1500-1400 BC) of the Middle Bronze, such as the palstave illustrated in 'The Circulation of Metal in the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis' (Rohl & Needham 1998, p.128, fig.29, no.96).



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate similar palstaves with low flanges, rounded stops and plain, triangular blades from the south of Scotland and Churwell, West Yorkshire in plate 61, nos.839 & 844, which are un-classified, but grouped with the South-western palstaves, and related to continental examples, respectively, but the latter is due to its decoration and not the form which is similar to this example. These South-western type palstaves are compared to items produced during the Ornament Horizon of the later Middle Bronze Age such as a palstave in the Taunton hoard (c.1400-1275 BC) on pp.141-143.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-30T23:00:00Z,2019-10-07T23:00:00Z,,,267.27,,,27,100,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Gunwalloe,SW6522,Generated from computer mapping software,50.05161413,-5.28412727,CORN-F06806,,DSCN8299.JPG,palstave blade (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN8299.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1084261.jpg
983484,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,410,"Copper-alloy ring with dark green polished surface. It is 20.7mm in diameter externally and with a central hole 10.7mm in diameter. The ring is 5.7mm thick where best preserved; in other places, corrosion has removed some of the surface. In cross-section it is kite-shaped, with an acutely pointed arris around the exterior and a more gentle angle in the central hole. It weighs 7.29g.



Rings of these proportions have been dated to the late Bronze Age (e.g. WILT-7BCF7B, with references), or Iron Age to Roman periods (e.g. SOM-7EDF21, WILT-CDE753, HAMP-E3F5BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.29,,20.7,5.7,,1,Paul Whiteside,Paul Whiteside,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Nettleton,TF1097,From finder,53.45827455,-0.34476364,PUBLIC-655243,,Public655243.jpg,Public-655243: Bronze age ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/guisachan/Public655243.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1087396.jpg
983740,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"A highly corroded cast copper alloy fragment, possibly part of a late Bronze Age bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex and broken evenly across the middle. The shape suggests an origin in a bowl furnace rather than a mould. Circa 1150 - 600 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,65.04,,,15.6,33.4,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Wokingham,Wokingham,Arborfield and Newland,SU7467,From finder,51.39721814,-0.93771032,SUR-792F5C,,SUR792F5C.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR792F5C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1085897.jpg
983787,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1140,"Description: An incomplete cast copper-alloy rapier, in two intentionally broken sections, dating to the middle Bronze Age (c.1275-1140BC).



Both parts of the blade are broken at both ends; the breaks are abraded and old. One section blade tapers to a broken tip with broadly parallel edges. The other section is wider and bent at one end. Each has a tapered cutting edge on both sides. There is a flattened central rib on both faces the length of the blade, measuring approximately 9.81mm, giving a shallow lentoid cross section. Examination of the break sections, particularly the break at which the two sections join, show casting flaws in the form of hollows (or bubbles). 



The blade has a patchy green brown patina.



Dimensions: One section measures 128.35mm in length, is 17.70mm wide, 4.81mm thick and weighs 52.2g. The other is 101.45mm long, tapers from 17.37mm to 10.29mm in width, is 4.86mm thick and weighs 28.5g.



Discussion: The blade is comparable in some respects to Bronze Age blades, such as those described BERK-227481 and KENT-FE8716, but the central ridge on this find seems less prominent and the blade is thicker throughout. The bend and break shows similarities to rapier DOR-2A928E, which was also broken in antiquity prior to deposition. Following the blade cross-section scheme of classification set out by Burgess & Gerloff 1981 (in O'Connor et al. 1995, 347)  the blade under discussion here (2020-T354 / DUR-7A57CC) is a Group IV rapier, with slightly rounded cross-section characteristic of the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age ""with a floruit around the 13th/12th centuries cal BC (c.1275-1140BC)



Author: Benjamin Westwood, Finds Liaison Officer for Durham, Darlington & Teesside



Date: 24/06/2020



References:        



O’Connor, B., Cowie, T., O’Neil, M., 1995. Middle Bronze Age dirks and rapiers from Scotland: some finds old and new. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 125, 345–367.","Conclusion: As the rapier has been broken prior to deposition, and was discovered in two parts, this object meets the definition of Treasure as set out in the  Treasure (Designation) Order (2002) and preceding Treasure Act (1996) as it comprises a group of two or more metallic objects of any composition of prehistoric date that come from the same find.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-10-10T23:00:00Z,2019-10-10T23:00:00Z,2020T354,,80.7,,,4.86,229.8,2,Ann Lipscombe,Ann Lipscombe,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,North Kilvington,SE4186,From finder,54.26802084,-1.37198383,DUR-7A57CC,,DUR7A57CC.jpg,DUR-7A57CC,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DUR7A57CC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089362.jpg
984078,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy dagger, the tip of the blade, pointed oval in cross-section, with an ancient break. Extant length, width and thickness 35.5, 13 and 4.2mm.Weight 6.14g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-14T23:00:00Z,2019-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,,,,4.2,35.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,TF6904,GPS (from the finder),52.60749068,0.49436506,NMS-8F6484,,25462_8F6484_MBA_DaggerFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age dagger,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/25462_8F6484_MBA_DaggerFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155027.jpg
984177,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Fragment of late Bronze Age sword blade. It is 28mm wide, with worn edges. The cross-section is pointed-oval, a maximum of 5mm thick, in the centre. The fragment is 26mm long and all breaks are worn. it weighs 17.12g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-14T23:00:00Z,2019-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,17.12,,,5,26,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Shouldham,TF6708,From finder,52.64403424,0.46687909,NMS-91C2C0,,63736_91C2C0_BA_Sword.jpg,Bronze Age sword,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/63736_91C2C0_BA_Sword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1088172.jpg
984241,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-701,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age or Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, less than half of the width extant, split longitudinally along the socket and broken at both ends. Some reduced fired clay remains within the socket. All breaks are recent except that nearest to the base of the blade. Extant length and width 39.5 and 17mm. Weight 43.72g. c.1600 - c.800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-14T23:00:00Z,2019-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,43.72,,,,39.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Shouldham,TF6808,From finder,52.64372579,0.48164437,NMS-93C80A,,35713_93C80A_MBA_SpearheadFragment_ILL.jpg,Fragment of a Middle or Late Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/35713_93C80A_MBA_SpearheadFragment_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156002.jpg
984304,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
A lump of Bronze Age copper alloy casting waste or jet which is oval at the base and pointed at the end. It has an even green patina.
",Oxfordshire PAS Rally Record Sheet No: Y240,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-13T23:00:00Z,,,Detectival 2019,87.6,,,,49.83,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Cornbury and Wychwood,SP3118,From a paper map,51.85972964,-1.55126069,OXON-A84A0A,,Y240.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/Y240.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1084374.jpg
984616,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed axehead of the southern ribbed axe type, dating to 800-1000 BC.



The object comprises of the broken cutting edge and part of the axehead body. It is trapezoidal in plan, triangular in profile and rectangular in cross-section with a slightly crescentic cutting edge. The front and reverse faces are marginally convex with some indentations and pitting. The top and bottom faces are flat with a small horizontal casting ridge. Extensive surface pitting is present on the interior of the axehead. A green patina covers both internal and external faces of the object. Rohl and Needham (1998), p.136, no.335.



Length: 42.1mm, width: 38 x 29.2mm, thickness: 2.9mm, weight: 52.01g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-02-13T00:00:00Z,2015-02-13T00:00:00Z,,,52.01,,,2.9,42.1,1,Alexandra Cobby,Alexandra Cobby,Eastern,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Barkway,TL3835,From finder,51.99630447,0.0086448,BH-F848F1,,BHF848F1.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sashamarie/BHF848F1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1087016.jpg
984670,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"Probably Middle Bronze Age copper alloy 'moustache-shaped' unidentified object There are multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper part on both sides of the moustache, and the tapering lower parts are plain. Height 14.3mm. Width 15mm. Thickness 8mm. Weight 4.67g. The date of this enigmatic object is uncertain. Examples occurred in the Salisbury Hoard, which contained Bronze Age material but was buried in the Iron Age (Stead 1998). An example was found in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (see entry for HAMP-C04CC3). The present piece is the fifteenth example recorded from Norfolk and the smallest.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-14T23:00:00Z,2019-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,4.67,14.3,,8,,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,TF6906,GPS (from the finder),52.62545313,0.49538668,NMS-FA9141,,39647_FA9141_BA_Unidentified.jpg,Bronze Age to Iron Age moustache object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/39647_FA9141_BA_Unidentified.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1087077.jpg
984691,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Pitted and corroded fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, cutting edge and the end of the socket containing some corrosion. The breaks are ancient. Extant length 33mm. Width 37mm. Extant thickness 12mm. Weighs 38.84g. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-12T23:00:00Z,2019-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,38.84,,,12,33,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Wendling,TF9212,,52.67168628,0.83825318,NMS-FAF019,,35105_FAF019_LBA_SocketedAxe_ILL.jpg,Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/35105_FAF019_LBA_SocketedAxe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156001.jpg
984693,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,Middle Bronze Age copper alloy looped palstave with trapezoidal blade. Single side loop and haft with deep flanges. Traces of casting seam running the full length of both sides. Below the stop ridge on both faces there is a trident moulding at the top of a median rib which extends as far as the start of the cutting edge. Length 177mm. Width of blade 40mm. Thickness at stop ridge 32mm. Weight 538g. c.1400 - c.1200 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-12T23:00:00Z,2019-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,,,,32,177,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,Breckland,Scarning,TF9612,,52.67025586,0.89733189,NMS-FB09AD,,63816_FB09AD_MBA_PalstaveAxe_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/63816_FB09AD_MBA_PalstaveAxe_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156120.jpg
984922,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of a gold penannular bracelet of Late Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC). The object is circular sectioned and slightly curved in plan with transverse cuts at both ends. One of the cuts in not clean and the object appears to have ben initially cut, with the remaining 50% of the bar being broken off. There are some minor shallow gouges in the surface of the object. 



Length: 58.42mm, Diameter: 5.02mm, Weight: 17.0g 



The original form would likely have been similar to LEIC-A3A9AE.



Several similar fragments of goldwork have been recovered from hoards containing diagnostically Bronze Age objects (e.g. Poulton, Gloucestershire: Treasure case 2004 T17 and the Fitzleroi Farm, West Sussex, hoard: BM accession nos. 1996, 0902.1-42). Those hoards, and several others recorded in recent years, contain fragments of gold that has been snipped with a pincer like instrument, similar to the Calbourne fragment. The shape of the terminal is relatively universal but can be compared to other round section bar bracelets of Bronze Age date (e.g, with 2011 T926 (CAM-08B4E0) cf. Taylor 1980. Furthermore, the composition of the gold does not disagree with a Later Bronze Age date.



Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis shows a composition of 78.07% gold, 15.47% silver and 5.67% copper.",The object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old. Consequently it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 in terms of both age and precious metal content.,3,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2019T1165,,17,,5.02,,58.42,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Little Houghton,SP8059,From finder,52.2234064,-0.83027201,NARC-10B4B1,,2019T1165.jpg,NARC-10B4B1 : 2019-T1165 : Bracelet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/2019T1165.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1087020.jpg
985139,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-2350,1539,"Fragment of Bronze Age to medieval copper alloy casting waste, or possibly a poor-quality bun ingot. It has two convex faces which meet each other at a curved edge. The rest of surfaces appear to be irregularly-shaped breaks, which are not recent.



The object is heavy for its size, and this may suggest some lead content. It has three holes on one of the broken sides, and several smaller ones on one of the convex sides, probably caused by escaping gas. There are other shallower holes on one of the convex sides, which may be the imprints of grit or small stone pebbles that the molten metal dropped onto. There is one small pebble remaining in one of these holes.



Length: 49.5mm. Width: 40.5mm. Height: 24.0mm. Weight: 132g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-05-31T23:00:00Z,2018-07-30T23:00:00Z,,,132,,,24,49.5,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,,Hertfordshire,North Hertfordshire,Reed,TL3635,From finder,51.99679743,-0.0204675,NMS-25A349,,Hertfordshire_25A349_BA_CastingWaste.jpg,Fragment of Bronze Age to medieval copper alloy casting waste,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/Hertfordshire_25A349_BA_CastingWaste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1085663.jpg
985454,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A Middle Bronze Age copper- alloy blade fragment, dating to c 1500 - 1200 BC. It is triangular in shape and lozengiform in cross section. There are traces of a central midrib extending to the tip on both faces. It is possibly from a rapier or sword.

Length: 24.97 mm

Width: 13.88 mm

Thickness: 2.41 mm

Weight: 2.15 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.15,,,2.41,24.97,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Winterbourne,SU1636,GPS (from the finder),51.12306306,-1.77276081,DOR-772FCD,,772FCD.jpg,Bronze Age sword tip,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/772FCD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1085380.jpg
985513,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-700,"A probable fragment of copper alloy Bronze Age socketed implement, probably a hammer, dating from about 1400 BC - 700 BC. Only the middle part of the hammer survives. One end is an incomplete socket os rounded rectangular cross-section. The socket tapers from the broken outer end where it is 32.9mm wide and 16mm thick to 29.4mm wide and 22.8mm thick at the end of the socket. One face of the socket is missing, showing the internal end to be rounded. The solid head of the hammer is irregular and uneven, and may have been mis-cast. It is broadly rectangular in cross-section, but with pieces missing from the edge. It terminates in an old break across a void or bubble in the metal. At the broken end, it is 25.4mm wide and 15.9mm thick. The solid head of th hammer is on a slightly different angle to the socket end. The metal has a light green patina, with a surface layer overlying it in places, of dark grey. The breaks are all patinated and worn. Length 71.0mm, weight 138.05g.



The PAS Bronze Age artefact guide (https://finds.org.uk/guides/bronzeage/objects/hammers) notes that socketed axes date from 1400 BC - 750 BC, but this one is similar to LANCUM-5AC798 which has been attributed to the Ewart Park phase, 1000 BC - 700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-17T23:00:00Z,2019-09-17T23:00:00Z,,,138.05,,,22.8,71,1,Andy Heath,Andy Heath,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Coniston Cold,SD9054,From finder,53.98195714,-2.15397485,SWYOR-7886F2,,SWYOR7886F2.jpg,Bronze Age socketed hammer (probably),West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/phil17/SWYOR7886F2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089604.jpg
985547,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A fragment of the blade end of a copper alloy Bronze Age socketed axehead dating from 1300 BC - 800 BC, type unknown. Only the convex cutting edge survives, with concave sides tapering to a very worn break. The end of the socket is visible across the break. The axe has a pale green patina, with much of the original surface haveing flaked off.

It measures: Length 62.3mm, width 26.7mm, thickness 11.5mm, weight 74.62g. It is probably a Northern type of socketed axe.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-15T23:00:00Z,2019-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,74.62,,,11.5,62.3,1,Andy Heath,Andy Heath,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Wigglesworth,SD8156,From finder,53.99967776,-2.29133628,SWYOR-798592,,SWYOR798592.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/phil17/SWYOR798592.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089603.jpg
985675,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A corroded cast copper alloy casting jet or ""gate"" of flattened conical form with two scars from abraded (and now lost) sprue projections at the narrowest point. This type of object is the result of casting into a two piece mould and represents waste where molten bronze solidifies at the entrance of the mould around the gate and the two casting channels. Casting waste is difficult to date, but fragments with this shape are characteristic of the casting of socketed axes of late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC) type.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.15,16.1,,,30.8,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Waverley,Shamley Green and Cranleigh North,TQ0343,From finder,51.17696891,-0.52790468,SUR-8C72EE,,SUR8C72EE.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR8C72EE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1086103.jpg
985676,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"An incomplete copper alloy palstave fragment, of Middle Bronze Age dating (1600 BC to 1000 BC).



Around 25% of the palstave is present, consisting of the butt of the axe. The fragment is rectangular with an H shaped cross section. Both front and reverse faces have raised flanges, which taper out towards the butt. No traces of decoration are visible. Air bubbles from the casting process are visible in the break.



It measures 29.5 mm in length, 26.4 mm wide and 10.3 mm thick (including flanges), 6.0 mm thick (not including flanges). The butt is 4.1 mm thick. It weighs 23.1 g.



The palstave is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.



A couple of similar palstave butt fragments have been recorded on the PASdatabase, including WMID-B04587; NMS-86C152; LIN-A5DA60 and NMGW-FC4B96.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-23T23:00:00Z,2019-08-23T23:00:00Z,,,23.1,,,10.3,29.5,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Norton and Lenchwick,SP0346,From finder,52.11231687,-1.95760664,WMID-8C75C9,,WMID8C75C9.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID8C75C9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1085558.jpg
985800,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-800,"A Bronze Age axe fragment that possibly dates to c.1150-800 cal BC.



The fragment represent the blade of an axehead. The blade edge is convex with a crescent blade and a pointed oval (vesica) in cross section. It narrows from this blade before terminating in a horizontal regular break that is now very abraded. 



The axehead has a thick layer of light brown green patination chipped away in places to reveal a medium green colour beneath.



The axehead is 31.5mm wide, 9.6mm long, 4.78mm thick and weighs 4.5 grams.



The fragment represents part of the blade end possibly of a rectangular bodied socketed axe dating to the Late Bronze Age, however the lack of diagnostic feature means that an the potential for this to have come from a flat, flanged or Palstave axe cannot be excluded.",Oxfordshire PAS Rally Record Sheet No: Y335,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-13T23:00:00Z,2019-09-13T23:00:00Z,,Detectival 2019,4.5,,,4.78,31.52,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Cornbury and Wychwood,SP3117,From a paper map,51.850739,-1.55135005,OXON-90982C,,Y335.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/Y335.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1085608.jpg
985858,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A fragment of Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy blade dating to c 1500 - 1200 BC. The fragment is tapering to an old break. It has a low, wide mid-rib, creating a shallow lozengiform in cross section. It is possibly from a rapier.

Length: 49.59 mm

Width: 19.76 mm

Thickness: 3.64 mm

Weight: 7.85 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.85,,,0.64,49.59,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Megan Gard,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Bradford Peverell,SY6392,GPS (from the finder),50.72643417,-2.52556803,DOR-A0C483,,A0C483.jpg,Bronze age Blade fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/A0C483.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1085662.jpg
985859,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1600,40,"Copper alloy 'moustache-shaped' object, cast in one piece, of probable middle Bronze Age to Iron Age date. It has a central narrowed constriction, undecorated and with a vertical step down to it, which is curved on the top and has a rounded hollow on the underneath, c. 5mm in diameter. The constriction measures c. 5mm in thickness and 8mm in width. To either side is a thicker, tapering, drooping element, D-shaped in cross-section although slightly rounded rather than completely flat on the underside. The strongly curved upper surface of each half is decorated with worn ridges and grooves, which continue almost to the pointed ends; just before the end, they stop and the end is a little concave. In side view the object is widely angled, with the two halves extending outwards rather than downwards and joining each other at an angle of about a hundred degrees.



The whole object is worn and detail is hard to see. It is 32mm from end to end, 9.5mm wide when viewed from the top, and measures 14mm from top to bottom when viewed from the side. It weighs 10.96g. There is little dating evidence available for these enigmatic objects. An example was found with the Salisbury Hoard, indicating a Bronze or Iron Age date; the style might suggest an Iron Age date.



Compare NARC-6A4546, LVPL-B000C6, HAMP-6F4C45, PUBLIC-E9E1C5, NARC-925E14, WILT-616785, KENT-77A0BF and SF-722CF5.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-12T23:00:00Z,2019-11-11T00:00:00Z,,,10.96,,,14,32,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Dereham,TF9914,From finder,52.68711934,0.94284499,NMS-A0C513,,56899_A0C513_BA_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,Bronze Age unidentified object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/56899_A0C513_BA_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1086036.jpg
985872,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1150,800,"A Bronze Age fragment of a copper alloy sword which is lozenge shaped in cross section. The central or midrib part of the sword is circular with the blade extending out on each side; also on each side there are two deeply spaced lines, which would have extended the full length of the sword.



The fragment is a medium green colour and its edges are both chipped and worn.



The blade is 33.8mm long, 36.2mm wide, 8.2mm thick and weighs 30.21 grams.



Owing to the size of the fragment it in unclear what type of blade this object was attributed to and how long the original item would have been. However, as Domscheit (2014) discusses, 'Although swords have origins in the later part of the Middle Bronze Age of Taunton and Penard Metalworking Industries, occurrences of the types are comparatively unusual and leaf-shaped swords of Late Bronze Age date tend to be more commonly recovered'.",Oxfordshire PAS Rally Record Sheet No: Y345,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-13T23:00:00Z,2019-09-13T23:00:00Z,,Detectival 2019,30.21,,,8.21,33.77,1,Anni Byard,Michael Byard,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Cornbury and Wychwood,SP3117,From a paper map,51.850739,-1.55135005,OXON-A1ED4D,,Y345.jpg,,The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/maritime/Y345.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1085671.jpg
986123,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A Late bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead, probably dating to 1100-800BC. Only the upper section of the socket and mouth survives, the cutting edge lost to an old break. The axhead has an expanded socket mouth, with a less pronounced moulded collar below. The sopcket is sub-square in cross section. An integral loop projects from one edge, both lateral faces have pronounced casting seams. Neither face exhibits decoration.



Length 59.0mm; Width 41.0mm; Thickness 38.7mm; Thickness (including loop) 43.3mm; weight 138.21g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,138.21,,,43.3,59,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Coombe Bissett,SU1026,From a paper map,51.03327714,-1.8587656,WILT-BA94B2,,WILTBA94B2.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILTBA94B2.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1085884.jpg
986353,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A small Late Bronze Age hoard: two complete gold penannular rings and a fragment of gold, possibly the remains of a bracelet. Treasure case no. 2020 T2. Addenda to 2018 T5.



1. (2020 T2-1) A complete gold penannular ring, circular in cross-section with flat terminals.15.0mm (outer diameter); 5.6mm (diameter in section); 2.0mm (maximum distance between the gap). Weight: 5.22g.



2. (2020 T2-2) A fragment of a possible bracelet in use as an ingot, curved in profile and circular in cross-section. One end has been chopped twice obliquely producing a splayed 'V' shape. The other end has a single oblique chop. 16.9mm (length); 4.7mm (diameter); 6.5mm (width at larger end). Weight: 3.65g.



3. (2020 T2-3) A complete copper-alloy gold plated penannular ring, circular in cross-section with flat terminals. 13.7mm (diameter); 3.9mm (diameter in section); 2.6mm (maximum distance between the gap). Weight: 5.62g.



'The penannular rings belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange' (Mark Lodwick and Mary Davis in record NMGW-04216C; references therein).



Taylor, JJ. (1980) Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Green, H.S. (1988) A Find of Bronze Age 'Ring Money' from Graianog, Llanllyfni, Gwynedd, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 35(1).



Eogan, G. (1997) 'Hair-rings' and European Late Bronze Age Society, Antiquity, 71.



Varndell, G. (2001) Ringing the changes: when terminology matters, Antiquity 75. 



Hobbs, R. (2003) Treasure: Finding our past, London: The British Museum Press.



Meeks, N.D., Craddock, P. & Needham, S.P. (2008) Bronze Age Penannular Gold Rings from the British Isles: Technology and Composition, Jewellery Studies 11. 



O'Connor, B., Cowie, T. & Worrell, S. (2008) Ring money: dernières nouvelles d,outré- manche, Bulletin de l'Association pour la Promotion des Reserches sur l'Age du Bronze 5.",In terms of age and as the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.,3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2019-12-22T00:00:00Z,2019-12-22T00:00:00Z,2020T2,,,,,,,3,Frank Basford,Frank Basford,South East,Isle of Wight,Isle of Wight,Calbourne,SZ4388,GPS (from the finder),50.69006816,-1.39262452,IOW-9F0C84,,2020T2.jpg,Bronze Age: Hoard. Treasure Case no. 2020 T2. Addenda to 2018 T5,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/fbasford/2020T2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094843.jpg
986495,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier, of Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC). The object is rectangular in plan and a pointed oval in cross section. It is incomplete on all sides but has come visible bevel along the left and right hand edges away from the mid-rib. The cutting edges have been extensively broken and abraded.



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a heavily pitted and corroded patina.



Length: 18.37mm, Width: 13.98mm, Thickness: 2.5mm, Weight: 2.6g",,4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.6,,,2.5,18.37,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Kettering,Loddington,SP8076,From finder,52.37620839,-0.8262394,NARC-DFA5EB,,NARCDFA5EB.jpg,NARC-DFA5EB : Dagger : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCDFA5EB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1086440.jpg
986501,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Flat Axe of Early Bronze Age date (2200-1800 BC). The object is a fragment of an uncertain type of Flat or Developed Axe form. The object is composed of the butt end which is broken toward the blade end by an old, abraded and irregular break. The retained butt end is abraded but is rectangular in plan and section and tapers out toward the body of the object both in plan and section.  The sides are straight and slightly divergent for their short lengths to the break. There is no indication of flanges retained within the fragment.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The butt form, absence of flanges and the presumed bronze composition would be consistent with axes of Needham's type 3 and in relation to Schmidt and Burgess (1981) typology may have been of Migdale, Aylesford or allied types. Axes of these types are likely to be date to the Early Bronze Age, perhaps between c. 2200 - 1800BC.



The metal is dark to mid green in colour with some original smooth surface patina and large areas of pitting and abrasion.



Length: 34.35mm, Width: 27.52mm, Thickness: 10.09mm, Weight: 31.6g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,31.6,,,10.09,34.35,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Kettering,Cransley,SP8079,From finder,52.40317302,-0.825524,NARC-DFE7B7,,NARCDFE7B7.jpg,NARC-DFE7B7 : Flat Axe : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCDFE7B7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1086449.jpg
986506,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier, of Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC). The object is rectangular in plan and ovate in cross section. It is incomplete on all sides but has a visible bevel along the left and right hand edges away from the mid-rib. The cutting edges have been extensively broken and abraded.



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



Length: 95.25mm, Width: 11.91mm, Thickness: 4.53mm, Weight: 18.8g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.8,,,4.53,95.25,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Kettering,Cransley,SP8276,From finder,52.37591309,-0.79686671,NARC-E0195E,,NARCE0195Ea.jpg,NARC-E0195E : Blade : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCE0195Ea.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1086456.jpg
986507,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy Socketed Spearhead, of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1200-800 BC).



The blade is narrow and sub-triangular with a pronounced mid rib on both sides extending to both ends of the spear. In cross section the object is lozenge. The edges narrow and flare out from the mid-rib. All of the edges are broken and abraded. The fragment terminates in an old abraded transverse break at both ends. The socketed lower portion of the object is missing.



The metal is dark green in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



As this represents only a small fragment of the spear it is not possibly to classify the form of the complete object. It is probably of a later Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age (c. 1200-c. 800 cal BC).



Similar objects can be found on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: NLM-99D791, IOW-F3883D, SUR-BB2595



Length: 72.44mm, Width: 10.84mm, Thickness (at base): 8.05mm, Thickness (tip): 4.76mm, Weight: 13.3g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.3,,,8.05,72.44,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Kettering,Cransley,SP8276,From finder,52.37591309,-0.79686671,NARC-E02C2A,,NARCE02C2Aa.jpg,NARC-E02C2A : Spearhead : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCE02C2Aa.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1086941.jpg
987274,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2350,409,"Copper-alloy ring, very corroded, scuffed and battered externally so that little if any of the external surface survives. The cross-section is D-shaped, at most 5mm thick and 7mm wide. The inner face is much better preserved and appears very slightly convex. The internal diameter is very regular and 24mm in diameter. The external diameter was at least 33mm, but as so little of the surface now survives it may originally have been 35mm in external diameter or more. It weighs 16.69g. The patina is a pale green, characteristic of a Bronze Age to Roman date. Compare LIN-79D787.","
Poorly located.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2007-03-19T00:00:00Z,2018-10-25T23:00:00Z,,,16.69,,33,,,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Trimingham,,,,,NMS-723CE5,,63834_723CE5_BA_Ring.jpg,Bronze Age to Roman copper-alloy ring,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/63834_723CE5_BA_Ring.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089934.jpg
987308,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"A complete, cast, socketed copper alloy hammer dating to the Late Bronze Age (1000-700 BC).



Description: The body of the hammer has been relatively crudely finished with the casting seems very prominent and unworn.  The socket is sub-square in cross-section at the mouth with a double moulding on the exterior. The main body of the hammer is narrow below the moulded collar and flares slightly to the working face. The face and body are as one unlike modern hammers so the bell/poll is from the socket to the working face. The face has a convex surface and is a rounded square in plan, with convex sides and smooth, rounded edges. The face is relatively smooth and its edges are marked by a range of numerous irregular and differently aligned indentations, some of which could be recent agricultural damage, but most of which are probably use wear.



The surface condition of the hammer is good, though there are several patches of surface loss where pale green corrosive products are visible. Otherwise the surface is patinated dark green.



Measurements:  55.16mm in length, 31.38mm wide, at the bell/poll; 29.75mm thick, and weight of 166.75g in weight.



Discussion: Socketed hammers are a rare find, especially when compared to socketed axeheads with, at the date of writing less than 60 examples reported to the PAS Database and only a small number of examples found in Kent;  KENT-FDBC44 and another in Crundale Hoard KENT-7C3863. The Bronze Age Guide on the PAS website comments that the ""socketed (hammers are) only rarely found in Middle Bronze Age contexts and is a more defined feature of Late Bronze Age hoards. Rowlands (1976: 45) states that, for this very reason, 'it would be unwise to date stray finds to the MBA' With regard to decoration, they are found with or without a single rib band, and in the case of a few hoards in Brittany, some hammers were found with chevron decoration."" Another example on the PAS database with decoration similar to this example is NMGW-475C27.



The YORYM-ABCCE1 record for another hammer discusses the dating of socketed hammers stating that 'early examples tend to be plain with no collar, whereas later examples have collars and moulding'. with this in mind this example appears to date to the Late Bronze Age. Other similar examples on the PAS database include: WAW-762B82; YORYM-86F1B4; and SF-B89096.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,166.75,,,29.75,55.16,1,,,South East,Kent,Maidstone,Barming,TQ7154,From a paper map,51.2595163,0.44935482,KENT-73D8B4,,KENT73D8B4.jpg,Copper-Alloy Socketed Hammer,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68/KENT73D8B4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1087333.jpg
987657,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age spearhead



L. 10 (blade 6.5, socket part 3.5); w. blade 4.0 cm. Loop 2.2x0.75 cm, not actually perforated. Socket opening 1.9x1.5 cm. Y shaped socket, oval side-loops, convex in section. Patina; black, somewhat glossy on one side; well preserved, except for somewhat ragged blade edges; some reddish-brown deposit on face and inside socket.","
This object has not been seen by the FLO. Information and illustrations kindly provided by Stijn Arnoldussen & Hannie Steegstra. 
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,,,,,,,LIN-C68366,,11.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lisabrundle/11.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1087700.jpg
987659,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-801,"Small copper-alloy blade, perhaps a small knife (as SOM-BCDC68) or possibly a fragment of rapier. It is very worn and corroded, with all edges worn away and a lot of corrosion bubbles on the pitted surface. It is a long oval in shape, with both ends broken and/or worn so that they run straight across. The cross-section is pointed-oval, a maximum of 3.5mm thick in the centre where there is a very slight bulge to a barely-visible midrib. It flattens away from the centre, with one end 3mm thick and the other 2.5mm thick. The surviving width, with all edges worn, is 14mm and the surviving length 43mm. It weighs 7.23g. The corroded areas are light green and the small areas of surviving surface have a mid grey patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-21T23:00:00Z,2019-11-18T00:00:00Z,,,7.23,,,3.5,43,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Beeston St. Andrew,TG2513,,52.66798053,1.32617754,NMS-C6A634,,PFd_37316_C6A634_NMD112019_BA_Knife_a.jpg,"Bronze Age blade, perhaps a small knife",Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_37316_C6A634_NMD112019_BA_Knife_a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1186933.jpg
987894,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A fragment comprising the mid part of the blade from a late middle to late Bronze Age socketed spear, 21.3mm in length. The blade is narrow and was originally probably leaf shaped. It has a pronounced rib with lozengiform cross sectioned profile 8.4mm thick. The centre is hollow at the break on the lower part of the blade. Possibly of pegged or looped type. Circa 1400 BC - 800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,2019-03-26T00:00:00Z,,,,5.11,,,8.4,21.3,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Crawley,SU4334,From finder,51.10369496,-1.38722238,SUR-DB6049,,SURDB6049.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURDB6049.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1087879.jpg
987985,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1140,"Copper alloy arrowhead, of barbed and tanged form, now missing a barb and much of the outer edges, the tip is slightly bent, this is probably recent damage from agricultural machinery as it has lost some of its surface and a small patch of bare metal is just visible to one side. Both faces have a median ridge (some are cast with a ridge only on one side and are flat on the other side), this broadens out to a tang with a sub-rectangular section, both lateral edges are bevelled to sharpen the edges.



This example is part of a growing corpus of copper-alloy Bronze Age arrowheads from the UK, see PAS records: ESS-A41D75 WILT-8171F0  WILT-807272 SF-4014B0 SF-C931F4 SUR-4655A8 SWYOR-3A2CF7, another on the database is LIN-D95544  is certainly a razor, not and arrowhead, cf. Feltwell hoard, GB. 35 fig. 13 Inventaria Archeaologia 1958.



Previously very few had been recorded, but metal detecting has increased the number slowly over the years, once they were thought to be of Early Bronze Age date as a straight evolution from the flint barbed and tanged arrowheads. Another theory was that these could have come from abroad but no parallel has been noted from the continent of this distinct form, though there are variations on the barbed and tanged type.



Only one has come from a datable context, from the Penard hoard, type site for the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age: 



PENARD, GOWER, SWANSEA (SS 56 89)



Found in 1827 by a quarryman at Llangrove, Pennard. Comprises one Early



slender socketed axe, one plain pegged spearhead, three Ballintober Type sword



fragments, and one barbed and tanged bronze arrowhead.



Dillwyn 1840; Crawford & Wheeler 1920-1; Burgess 1962-4; 1968;



Jockenhovel 1975; Savory 1980; GCH; Schmidt & Burgess O'Connor 1980;



Northover in prep



NMGW 15.277/1-6



Acton Park –Wilburton



Sourced from: A Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales



Key Sites, Southeast Wales, 22/12/2003



So a secure date range can now be assigned to these arrowheads 1275-1140 BCcal.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-09-15T23:00:00Z,2018-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,8,,,3,22,1,Jason Gibbons,Jason Gibbons,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Bradenham,TF9608,From finder,52.63434305,0.89495717,NMS-DDFF5A,,63315_DDFF5A_BA_Arrowhead.jpg,Bronze Age copper-alloy barbed and tanged arrowhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/63315_DDFF5A_BA_Arrowhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089574.jpg
988096,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An incomplete and worn cast copper-alloy, plain socketed axe of the late Bronze Age (Wilburton/Ewart Park phase) dating c.1100-800BC.



Description: The axehead has a narrow sub-rectangular body, slightly narrower in the middle, with two concave faces flaring towards the blade end and slightly towards the haft end. In plan the blade remains very narrow for the type and the flaring a crescentic cutting edge appears to have been worn down. The socket of the axehead is sub-rectangular with curving corners . It has a raised double collar, the outer band of whcih is mostly worn or broken away, what remains is obscured by wear and corrosion as is the lower band. The casting seams on the sides of the axehead have been worked down either through hammering or filing/polishing, particularly towards the blade end perhaps suggesting extensive sharpening of the blade, perhaps indicating why the blade is so short. Part of side of the axehead is broken away and the axe has some advanced corrosion particularly towards the butt end of one of the faces. It has a more even patination towards the blade edge.



Measurements: Length of 73.62mm, with a width (at widest) 31.35mm wide, thickness 31.05mm and a weight: 75.9g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,75.9,,,31.05,73.62,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Eythorne,TR2648,Generated from computer mapping software,51.18652316,1.23264163,KENT-F054AC,,KENTF054AC.jpg,Incomplete socketed axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTF054AC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1088065.jpg
988142,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A heavily worn fragment of cast Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head, probably dating to 1100-800 BC.



Description: The fragment represents part of the blade end of the long rectangular socketed body of the axehead. No edge remains in tact so over all shape is based on known more complete examples. The blade runs in a very shallow convex curve and is heavily abraded, the blade tips likely flared slightly outwards. The surviving cross section of the socket is sub-oval. The remaining body appears to be undecorated although with such little remaining it is not possible to be sure although the casting seam is clearly visible . The axehead is patinated a mottled mid-light green and the breaks have led to more extensive corrosion and most surfaces are heavily pitted.



Measurements: Length: 34.49mm, Width: 37.92mm, Thickness: 15.03mm, Weight: 68.16g.



Discussion: Although, due to completeness it is not certain but this axehead probably fits into the Ewart park or Wilburton metal working groups, giving it a date of 1100-800 BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981: 119).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,68.16,,,15,34.49,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Denny Lodge,SU3807,Generated from computer mapping software,50.86126688,-1.461447,KENT-F19059,,KENTF19059.jpg,Socketed axe fragment,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTF19059.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1088087.jpg
988358,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead, of Late Bronze Age dating (1150 BC to 800 BC).



The blade portion of axehead is present, consisting of the base of the socket and the blade edge. The fragment is sub rectangular in plan with curved ends to the blade, and triangular in section. The blade edge is worn and rough, and both sides are heavily corroded, with only a portion of the original surface intact on one side.  The remnants of the socket are rectangular in shape to a depth of 8.53 mm, 27.80 mm long and 5.57 mm in width.



The socketed axehead fragment measures 20.83 mm in length, 41.92 mm wide (at the blade), 27.80 mm wide (at the body), 10.60 mm thick (at the body), 2.21 mm thick (at the blade edge). It weighs 26.1 g.



The socketed axehead is a dark green to grey colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface. There is insufficient remnant to give a full identification.



Similar WMID-D9A2D5",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,26.1,,,10.6,20.83,1,Jane Jones,Jane Jones,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Essington,SJ9402,From finder,52.61573756,-2.09005142,WMID-05E43E,,WMID05E43Ejpg.jpg,Socketed axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janevolunteer/WMID05E43Ejpg.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089389.jpg
988776,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A cast copper-alloy flanged axe dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1400-1250 BC. It is probably from Metalwork Stage IX, Needham Period 5; Taunton metalwork assemblage. There is a lozenge shaped flange on each side of the butt end. The blade tip is crescent shaped with a bevel on both faces of the cutting edge. The sides of the blade flare towards the currint edge, but are not curved. There is no obvious stop ridge for the handle to butt against, but the blade is thicker than the septum. There is a ridge between the blade and the butt on the external side faces, and along the centre line of each flange on the external faces. There may be slight damage to the butt. The axe has a brown patina, flaked off in places, greener on the cutting edge, and is in very good condition.



The object has a length of 164.29mm, a width of 69.54mm (across the blade) and a thickness of 35.95mm (across the apexes of the lozenge-shaped flanges). It weighs 434g. The butt is 22.7mm wide at the terminal and the axe is 29.1mm wide across the central ridges. The flanges extend along the full length of the butt end.



Compare LANCUM-B39815, LVPL-C9CBCE and SWYOR-036213. Winged axes of the Taunton assemblage are more common in Northern England.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-07-06T23:00:00Z,2019-07-06T23:00:00Z,,,434,,,35.95,164.29,1,Chris Scriven,Graham Rawson,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Rylstone,SD9656,GPS (from the finder),54.00001505,-2.06251041,SWYOR-596EEA,,SWYOR596EEABronzeAgePalstave.jpg,SWYOR-596EEA Bronze Age Palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR596EEABronzeAgePalstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089437.jpg
988903,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC) socketed axehead, consisting of the cutting edge only and broken at the very end of the socket. The cutting edge is curved and the 'corners' of it splayed. Both faces are heavily pitted and a bluey-green in colour. The base of the socket measures 28.6mm in length and 1.5mm in width at the worn break, which shows a lentoid or elongated pointed-oval cross-section. The fragment measures 19.8mm in length, 49.8mm in max.width, 8.9mm in max.thickness (at the break), 1.3mm in min.thickness (at the cutting edge) and weighs 29.38g.","The socketed form of the axe suggests a Late Bronze Age date c.1150-800 BC, likely of the Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking tradition. Without further diagnostic features it is difficult to assign the fragment to a specific type.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.38,,,8.9,19.8,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Fawley,SU4602,From finder,50.81572781,-1.34841247,HAMP-5DDA0D,,HAMP5DDA0D.jpg,Late Bronze Age axehead,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP5DDA0D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1088777.jpg
989020,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Bronze Age awl. One end is flat in cross-section, and gradually thickens to a circular cross-section of diameter 3mm about halfway down the object. It is slightly bent here, causing stress to the metal and loss of the surface. From here it tapers to a point. Where the surface is lost, the colour is a matt green; where the surface survives it is a polished dark brown. Length (as bent) 52mm, maximum width (at flat end) 5mm, maximum thickness 3mm, weight 3.17g.



Similar awls were made throughout the middle and late Bronze Age, but the dark brown patina suggests a middle Bronze Age date for this one. Parallels on the PAS database include PUBLIC-E1E3A8 and WMID-7999D4.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-11-06T00:00:00Z,2020-01-09T00:00:00Z,,,3.17,,,3,52,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,Eastern,Suffolk,Mid Suffolk,Shelland,TM0060,,52.2019308,0.92530238,NMS-6FB233,,Suffolk_6FB233_BA_Awl.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/Suffolk_6FB233_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1095066.jpg
989039,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy Late Bronze Age awl dating to the period 1150 - 800 BC. The awl is elongated and has four broadly rectangular facets tapering slightly to both ends. It is almost square in cross section and its widest point is approximately at the centre of it. One of the end has a pointed tip, circular in cross-section and probably used to pierce leather and similar materials. The other end is flat and sub-rectangular in cross section. The awl is smooth, udecorated and covered with a green patina. It measures 47.15 mm in length, 6.43 mm in width, 3.02  mm thick and weighs 4.88g.



A similar awl is illustrated in Read B. (2001), p. 94, no. 694. Similar awls are also recorded on PAS database as SWYOR-220A7C, LEIC-1EA9CB and SUR-660898 and WILT-BBA285.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.88,,,3.02,47.15,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Ruskington,TF0651,From finder,53.04576849,-0.42028202,LIN-703BD7,,27.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lisabrundle/27.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1088869.jpg
989237,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1550,450,"A fragment of copper alloy casting waste, probably a jet or mould, probably dating from the late Bronze Age but possibly dating from as late as the Roman period, c. 1500 BC to 450 AD.



The object is formed of a thick central bar which isbroadly rectilinear in plann, but which rises to an off centre ridge. At each end of the central bar, the object flares outwards creating two loosely triangular terminals. These are the result of two circular apertures, of different sizes, which give the impression of an overall hourglass shape. The larger of these is 35mm in width and the smaller is 25.4mm in width. The central bar narrows on the reverse, tapering from 13.7mm wide and ending as a slender rectilinear base of 7mm in width.The upper surface, while pitted and marked, is relatively regular, while on the reverse, there are depressions which hollow out a flaring rectilinear shape in the centre, and a further less regularly shaped semi triangular depression on the underside of the upper wide area. 



Casting waste is difficult to date in isolation but the patina and form are suggestive of a Bronze Age - Roman date.  The survival of casting waste is relatively rare as it is usually recycled swiftly as a bi-product of casting. The depressions are likely to have been caused by the product moulded cooling and contracting during casting (Reavill pers.comm). Like the first of the named examples below, it may have been from the neck (funnel / well) of a composite probably two part mould.



Relevant similar examples on the PAS database include LVPL-F7963B,  LVPL-3AAD50 and HESH-B55DB1. 



Measurements:  39.2mm length, 35mm width, 21mm thickness, weight 82.2g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-11-02T00:00:00Z,,,,82.2,,,21,39.2,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,Devon,Mid Devon,Crediton Hamlets,SS7901,From finder,50.79589476,-3.71824034,DEV-8467F2,,DEV8467F2.jpg,Bronze Age casting waste,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV8467F2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1091851.jpg
989779,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-700,"An incomplete copper-alloy looped, socketed axehead dating from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age c. 800 - 700 BC. The mouth of the axe-head has a prominent collar and indicates a rectangular shape with rounded edges, however only half the mouth remains, in addition to the single loop. To the side of the loop runs a longitudinal ridge with a darker green fill; this appears to be a casting fault, and a possible attempt at fixing the break: though this appears to be an old mend, it has not been established whether or not this feature is the result of recent intervention. With the exception of the collar, the edges of the highly fragmentary axehead are worn and all demonstrate an even, green patina, suggesting the breaks are old. Worn ridges on the surface of the front of the axehead suggest there may originally have been one or several ribs running from the collar towards the (now missing) blade. 



Weight: 25.05g, total object length: 39.96mm, width of extant mouth: 39.95mm, thickness of collar: 3.21mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-20T23:00:00Z,,,,25.05,,,3.21,39.36,1,Maria Kneafsey,Maria Kneafsey,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Brassington,SK2255,Generated from computer mapping software,53.0917609,-1.67294665,DENO-AF3087,,DENOAF3087.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meghank/DENOAF3087.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154366.jpg
989802,Button,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-900,43,"A probable Late Bronze Age to Iron Age cast copper alloy button, dating to c. 900 BC - AD 43. The button is discoidal and convex, with a central boss surrounded by a circular recessed band and three concentric circular ridges. The reverse is concave and spanned by an intact curved fixing loop.","See also WILT-BF5B3E, BH-E9F0E9 and WMID-498A82. As Read (2005) p1, no. 2.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,2.51,5.9,15.8,,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Buriton,SU7519,From finder,50.96554866,-0.93334336,SUR-B025A8,,SURB025A8.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURB025A8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089554.jpg
989820,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"Copper-alloy palstave of type Carleton, middle Bronze Age date, Taunton phase (c. 1400-1100 BC), complete except for much of the cutting edge. When viewed from the side, the flanges are rounded. Down one side is a narrow casting seam with hammer marks across it; in the centre of the opposite side is a side-loop.



Viewed from the front or back, the butt and the septum are rectangular. One face has a small casting flaw, a hole in one side of the septum by the stop.On both of the main faces there is a trident moulding just below the stop; this consists of three relief lines, one vertical and two curving from the edge of the stop ridge to meet the end of the vertical line, together forming a shield shape. Below the stop, the sides curve out in concave curves to meet the convex curve of the cutting edge. 



It has a dark brown patina, worn away in places (notably on the stop ridge) to show the bright metal beneath; the breaks at the edge of the blade are not very worn and vary between a brown and a green patina. Length 155mm, width of blade 56mm, thickness at stop 32mm, weight c. 420g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-01-01T00:00:00Z,2019-02-28T00:00:00Z,,,420,,,32,155,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Hindolveston,TG0329,From finder,52.82029385,1.01121716,NMS-B0C7AA,,41334_MBA_Palstave_B0C7AA_ILL.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/41334_MBA_Palstave_B0C7AA_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156046.jpg
989998,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An incomplete copper-alloy spearhead of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (c.1200-800BC). The spearhead has a prominent mid-rib extending to the tip. The blade extends either side of the mid-rib, terminating in abraded edges. The inner portion of the spear is hollow, into which a wooden shaft would have been fitted. The socket profile is circular at the bottom, becoming lozenge shape at the tip. The abrasions and missing portions of the edges have, in places, revealed the metal core. The metal has a green patina. 



In length it measures 79.06mm, in width 20.47mm, in thickness 9.13mm, and weighs 20.15g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.5,,,9.13,70.06,1,Ian Bass,Ian Bass,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Giggleswick,SD8064,From finder,54.07153953,-2.30712105,LANCUM-EB24D5,,LANCUMEB24D5.jpg,Copper-alloy spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ibass/LANCUMEB24D5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1097961.jpg
990257,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-850,"Incomplete cast copper alloy tanged chisel dating from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age. The chisel measures 52 mm in length, 19 mm in width and 14 mm in thickness at the collar. Only 8 mm of the length of the tang remains which is square in section, 6 mm x 6 mm, above a transverse spheroid collar which is circular in plan, 14 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height, which separates the tang from the flattened blade, which is triangular in plan and in profile, and expands in width from 10 mm, below the collar, to 19 mm at the broken edge and narrows in thickness from 9 mm below the collar to 3 mm at the broken edge. There is some active bronze disease on the edges of the blade and on the surface of the collar which also has vertical cracks equidistant around the circumference of the collar.



Savory (1980) illustrates a similar tanged chisel with a spheroid collar, supposedly found in a hoard in 1850, but since discovered that they were not associated, with a socketed gouge and a Hallstatt B sword from Brogyntyn, Selattyn near Oswestry in Shropshire, on p.123, fig.44, no.288.3, which is dated from the Late Bronze Age (c.1050-800 BC). 



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar complete tanged chisel from Kingston in Dorset on p.614, pl.53, no.416a which was found in association with a sword dating from the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age. 



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar complete tanged chisel found in a hoard associated with Ewart Park phase swords in Gussage St. Michael, Dorset, on p.82, pl.9, no.250b.



For similar examples recorded on the database see: DEV-C3AD9B; DOR-F18347; DUR-5BADA1; IOW-2182C4; IOW-376E53; KENT-77798C; NMS-5059F9; SUR-101EF6; WILT-5D7742.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-12-04T00:00:00Z,2019-12-04T00:00:00Z,,,18.14,,14,14,52,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Sennen,SW3626,GPS (from the finder),50.07535579,-5.69115386,CORN-F39374,,DSCN8449.JPG,tanged chisel (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN8449.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1093556.jpg
990379,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"A cast copper-alloy Bronze Age (early Iron Age) axe fragment c. BC 800 – 600. The fragment consists of a quadrant part of the mouth, the attachment loop and a part of the body, excluding the blade section. The mouth has a double mouth moulding with the feintest trace of a vertical ridge, extending down the front of the casting. The loop is skewed at a slight angle to the vertical and the casting seam has not been removed. The axe, bearing a close resemblance to the Quay Fen Hoard (Cambridgeshire) Sompting type, Cardiff II variant (nos. 79+80) as seen in ‘The Early Iron Age socketed axes in Britain’ Volume 1 by I Dorothee Boughton. It is possible that this example was a non-functional variation with the walls thinning from 4.6mm to 2.54mm. The surface is eroded with a dark to mid green patina. Dimensions – length = 64.57mm, width = 27.8mm, thickness = 2.54mm, weight = 47.1gm.



See - http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/14716/1/Boughton%20Dot%20Final%20e-Thesis%20%28Master%20Copy%29.pdf",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,47.1,,,2.54,64.57,1,Rod Trevaskus,Rod Trevaskus,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Welford,SU4075,GPS (from the finder),51.47255659,-1.42548856,BERK-031B9E,,BERK031B9E.jpg,Bronze Age (early Iron Age) axe fragment,Berkshire Archaeology,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rodt/BERK031B9E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089851.jpg
990381,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"A complete copper alloy flat axehead, probably dating from the Early Bronze Age period (c. BC 2350 - c. BC 2050). 

The axe is broadly rectangular in plan with a slightly splayed crescentric blade. In profile and in section the object is broadly lentoid.

The sides of the axe gently taper outwards with a shallow curve, from the rounded butt to the blade. The curve is less shallow towards the blade. The axehead has suffered significant loss from corrosion on all surfaces, particularly at the blade and the butt.

The axehead measures 67.4 mm in length, the butt is 18.1 mm wide and the blade measures 27.3 mm wide. The butt has a thickness of 3.8 mm, the ridge measures 10.9 mm thick and the blade is 2.1 mm thick. The axehead weighs 59 g.



The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge).



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-19T00:00:00Z,2020-01-19T00:00:00Z,,,59,,,10.9,67.4,1,Bob Stewart,Bob Stewart,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Nuneaton and Bedworth,Slough,SP3487,,52.47987222,-1.50080909,WMID-0328FD,,WMID0328FDcopy.jpg,Bronze flat axehead of Early Bronze Age dating,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bobsure/WMID0328FDcopy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089854.jpg
990452,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete (probably later) Bronze Age (c.1150-800 BC) copper alloy awl, broken across a squarish cross-section measuring 4.5x3.8mm (recentish break). This expands over c.11mm to 5.7x5.1mm, with the two opposing wider sides being completely flat while one of the other two sides haa a shallow longitudinal indentation and the other a slightly raised area (perhaps a worn casting flash). Just beyond the awl becomes circular in cross-section, measuring 5.9mm in diameter. This end of the awl then narrows over c.26mm to a rounded tip, 1.5mm in diameter.

The object has a smooth greyish-green patina. It measures 38.5mm in incomplete length, 5.9mm in max.width and thickness and weighs 4.57g.","
The form of the awl does not change much through time and similar objects are also noted in the Roman period and possibly later.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.57,,5.9,5.9,38.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Wylye,SU0141,Generated from computer mapping software,51.16824269,-1.98707758,HAMP-04EB96,,HAMP04EB96.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMP04EB96.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1089910.jpg
991223,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed Bronze Age axehead, probably dating from 1000 BC - 800 BC. The mouth of the axe is missing, the break is worn and patinated. The surviving opening is nearly square 26mm x 27mm. Part of the side loop survives. The axe has no decoration and the sides are only slightly flared, maintaining a steady and slight widening to the cutting edge. Dimensions: length 63.00 mm, width at blade 37.5 mm, width at socket including loop stub 29.6mm, internal width of socket  21.1mm and weight 103.48g.



It is possibly this is an Everthorpe type axe, the most commonly occuring plain socketed axe in the North, but it does not have any internal ribs.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-18T23:00:00Z,2019-10-18T23:00:00Z,,,103.48,,21.1,,63,1,Andy Benbow,Andy Benbow,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Belton,SE7706,GPS (from the finder),53.54500344,-0.83943263,SWYOR-7FAD2B,,SWYOR7FAD2B.jpg,Roman socket axe head,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/phil17/SWYOR7FAD2B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1091560.jpg
991249,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete strip of decorated gold, of probable Bronze Age dating (c. 1500 BC to c. 800 BC).



The strip of gold is sub rectangular in shape and has been folded into a sub triangular shape. The strip has been decorated with a series of embossed ridges along its length. One end has a relatively straight and smooth cut edge, the other end is hidden inside the folds. 



It measures 13.2 mm in length, 4.4. mm wide and 4.0 mm thick. It weighs 1.1 g.



Similar strips of gold with ribbed decoration have been recorded on the PASdatabase including WMID-fe3c28, ESS-C13B97, SUR-1B64F5, NMS-46A4D6, PAS-E9E2A1, SF-D30D10, LIN-946F12 and WAW-052196.



Similar multi-grooved strips of a Bronze Age date are known from throughout Britain including in the British Museum collection from Flixton, Yorkshire (2004,0904.1a-b, Treasure Annual Report 2003, 16. no. 2) and Ravencliff Cave, Derbyshire (British Museum 1906,1224.1-2) as well as recent finds such as Ansley, Warwickshire and West Acre Norfolk (Treasure Annual Report 2007, 47-48). A very similar strip from Sproxton, North Yorkshire is recorded on the PAS database as LVPL-83FE92. There is also a similar grooved strip from The Hamel, Oxford, Oxfordshire excavated from a layer which yielded Beaker pottery of the Early Bronze Age (Palmer 1980, 124-134). Similar narrow embossed strips are known from the pommels of daggers accompanying Early Bronze Age burials in Scotland (Henshall 1968, 173-95; Hardaker 1974, 21-23. fig 6.; Taylor 1980, fig 28a-f) but not however comparable to gold dagger fittings in contemporary burials southern England. Other Bronze Age gold strips found singly such as at Flixton, Yorkshire (British Museum 2004,0904.1a-b, Treasure Annual Report 2003, 16, no. 2) are broader and have more and narrower incised grooves. The annular ring from the Late Bronze Age hoard at Abia de la Obispalia, central Spain is comparable in form and dimensions but the grooves appear to have been incised rather than embossed (Almagro Gorbea 1974). Similarly, the Bronze Age annular ring from Armissan, southeast France may be comparable (Eluère 1981, 48-49, fig. 55).



As this fragment is older than 300 years in age, with a precious metal content of greater than 10%, it should be considered as potential Treasure under the Treasure Act 1996.



References



Alamagro Gorbea M. 1974, Orfebrería del Bronce Final en la Peninsula Ibérica. El Tesoro de Abia de la Obispalía, la orfebrería tipo Villena y los cuencos de Axtroki, Trabajos de Prehistoria, 31, 39 - 100



Case, H. 1980, 'Pottery, Flint and Metalwork' In Palmer, N. 1981, 'A Beaker Burial and Medieval Tenements in the Hamel, Oxford', Oxoniensia, XLV (1980), [Mircofiche], 1 A04



Eluère, C. 1982, Les Ors Prèhistoriques, Paris: Picard



Henshall, A.S. 1968, 'Scottish dagger graves', In Coles, J.M. & Simpson, D.D.A. (eds), Studies in Ancient Europe: Essays present to Stuart Piggott, Leicester: Leicester University Press



Palmer, N. 1980, 'A Beaker Burial and Medieval Tenements in the Hamel, Oxford', Oxoniensia, XLV (1980), 124-225",3D model has been generated using mobile phone scanning application Qlone.,4,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2020-01-23T00:00:00Z,2020-01-23T00:00:00Z,2020T107,,1.1,,,4,13.2,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Alrewas,SK1615,From finder,52.73240428,-1.76449437,WMID-807E6A,,wmid807e6a.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete ribbon fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/wmid807e6a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1091919.jpg
991348,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Cast copper-alloy bead of Bronze Age date. The bead is bi-conical in shape with a circular hole slightly off-centre. This circular hole is 6.0mm in diameter. The patina is smooth and dark brown in colour with some small areas of surface wear.



Similar in form to ESS-975247



Dimensions



weight: 13.24g, diameter: 18.4mm, thickness: 10.0mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,,13.24,,18.4,10,,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Barnston,TL6419,From finder,51.8455132,0.37941049,ESS-825B65,,ESS825B65.jpg,Copper-alloy bead,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESS825B65.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1103383.jpg
991433,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper alloy sickle dating to c 1500-800 BC. The fragment is sub trianglular in plan, and droops slightly towards the point. It is lenticular in cross section and still sharp. The sickle has a light green patina and is truncated by an old break. 



Dimensions: 31.27mm in length; 13.55mm in width (at the break); 1.55mm thick; 1.9g in weight.



cf. a similar, but more complete sickle found at Edington Burtle (Pearce 1983: 512-513, no. 648). The fragment is too incomplete to be further classified.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.9,,,,31.27,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0324,GPS (from the finder),51.01537053,-1.95860828,WILT-84B729,,WILT84B729.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT84B729.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098631.jpg
991484,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axehead, probably dating to c. 1500-1100 BC. The fragment comprises of the butt-end of the axe. The fragment is subrectangular in plan and cross section, with flanges projecting from the longitudinal edges of both faces. When viewed in profile these flanges are triangular, tapering towards the butt. The original edge of the butt and flanges are lost to abrasion, whilst the fragment is truncated prior to the stop-ridge by a soil encrusted break. 



Length 42.8mm; Width 25.0mm; Thickness 15.8mm; Weight 48.25g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,48.25,,,15.8,42.8,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Clarendon Park,SU1727,Generated from computer mapping software,51.0421062,-1.75889291,WILT-942D54,,WILT942D54.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILT942D54.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098652.jpg
991694,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy tanged chisel dating to the late Bronze Age (c. 1150 - 800 BC). The chisel has a tang with a rectangular cross section which has broken at a transverse collar. This collar is 14.3mm wide and circular in cross-section, tapering at either end to give it a barrel-shaped form. The blade itself expands from a narrow neck, 9.5mm wide, curving outwards to become 24.9mm wide to where it ends with concave breaks on either side. The side profile of the blade tapers towards these breaks.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.04,,,8.6,39.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Mole Valley,Betchworth,TQ2148,From finder,51.21838612,-0.26883692,SUR-A97A3C,,SURA97A3C.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURA97A3C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1091012.jpg
991872,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"An incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave axehead of Transitional or Late type, dating to the Penard or Wilburton phase (MBA III to LBA I; 1100 - 900 BC). Almost the entire butt end is missing (old break), making it difficult to determine its original length. It has the remains of one side loop (old break).

The long edges of the blade flare gently in a straight line, subtly expanding just above the curved cutting edge which has suffered some damage (now worn but leaving indents along the edge). The blade is 27.7mm wide just below the loop and increases to a width of 41.8mm at the cutting edge. Just above the loop is the stop ridge, deeper than it is wide (27.8mm wide x 33.7mm deep). From this and extending longitudinally at the centre of both faces, is a ridge-like moulding (rather than a defined mid-rib), which shallows-out towards the cutting edge.

The remains of the loop measure 10.6mm in length, 7.0mm in width and 8.2mm in thickness. It is oval in cross-section. Extending from the base of the loop to the cutting edge and slightly more towards one face than the other is the remains of a worn casting flash. This is also apparent to the opposite side of the axehead, again leaning slightly more to one face than the other.

The stop ridge is convex to front and back while its side edges are straight; in cross-section it forms an 'H'. The depth between ridge and face of the butt end is 10.8mm to one side and 12.8mm to the other. The flanges are of uneven thicknesses: with the loop facing left and looking at the stop ridge from above (in cross-section) the flange on the bottom right measures 5.9mm, the top right measures 4.5mm, the bottom left measures 5.1mm and the top left is missing. The remains of the face measures 9.7mm thick and c.6mm in length.

The incomplete palstave measures 98.0mm in length, 41.8mm in max.width, 33.7mm in max.thickness and weighs 304g (to the nearest 2g). Cf. Burgess and Schmidt (1981)Type Roundhay, Midribbed Variant (Transitional, pl.64-5) and Type Silsden (Late, pl.66-7).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-12-07T00:00:00Z,2019-12-07T00:00:00Z,,,304,,,33.7,98,1,Jasmine Hadley-Hughes,Jasmine Hadley-Hughes,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Appleshaw,SU3150,From finder,51.24833427,-1.55723311,HAMP-ADFEA9,,HAMPADFEA9.jpg,Middle / Late Bronze Age palstave,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/khindshamp/HAMPADFEA9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1091636.jpg
991929,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed spearhead in two refitting pieces. Possibly a pegged  type, although this feature does not remain due to the break. The spearhead is leaf-shaped with gently out curved blades. The mid-rib extends to the tip of the spearhead and tapers to a point. The hollow of the socket extends to 35 mm short of the tip of the mid-rib and is circular in cross section. At the base the socket is slightly flared to the break. This spearhead belongs to Davis LBA Group 11 (generic).

Date: Late Bronze Age 1100-800 BC 

Dimensions: 109.52 mm x 31.23 mm x 17.87 mm

Weight: 42.82 g



Reference: Davis, Richard, 2016, A Short Guide to Later Bronze Age Spearheads, Object Datasheet No. 3, Later Prehistoric Finds Group.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.82,,,17.87,109.52,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Batcombe,ST6104,GPS (from the finder),50.83420882,-2.55517881,DOR-BD0723,,BD0723.jpg,Middle to late Bronze Age spearhead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/BD0723.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1091065.jpg
992024,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Mouth fragment of a late Bronze Age socketed axe with ancient breaks, extant length 21mm, weight 12.39g, c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-08T00:00:00Z,2019-12-12T00:00:00Z,,,12.39,,,,21,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,West Dereham,TF6602,From a paper map,52.59045173,0.44910293,NMS-C2962C,,44106_C2962C_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/44106_C2962C_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1144370.jpg
992034,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a socketed axe of the late Bronze Age, dating c.1100-800 BC. The fragment comprises the cutting edge, blade, blade tips and just the lower portion (approx 11 mm) of the body.



The cutting edge is crescent shaped, the blade flares out to the tips. The casting seams on the sides of the axehead have not been worked down and remain fairly prominent, there is little sign of overall wear on the blade. The body is sub rectangular in section, as is the internal socket end. The whole object has a well formed, dark brown patina. Although it is difficult to determine from a fragment, the axehead  probably fits into the Ewart park or Wilburton metal working groups, giving it a date of 1100-800 BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981: 119).



Width blade tip to blade tip 50.2 mm, body width 34.9 mm, length  24.5 mm, thickness 13.3 mm. Weight 38.2",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,38.2,,,13.3,24.5,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Nottinghamshire,Rushcliffe,Car Colston,SK7143,Generated from computer mapping software,52.97965285,-0.94400136,DENO-C2DD94,,DENOC2DD94.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meghank/DENOC2DD94.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1160656.jpg
992170,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,100,"A cast copper-alloy ring with a circular cross section of probable late prehistoric (late Bronze Age to Roman) date. The ring is solid, with an external diameter of 28.9mm and internal diameter of 15.4mm. The hoop is 7.3mm thick and 7mm wide although varying in thickness around the ring, which may be the result of differential wear. Possibly a harness component; however such simple objects found in isolation are very difficult to attribute to a specific function or date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.08,,28.9,7.3,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Twyford,SU4927,From finder,51.04027448,-1.30247912,SUR-D4AB2B,,SURD4AB2B.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURD4AB2B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1091528.jpg
992524,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment from a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier, of Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC). The object is sub-rectangular in plan. The original cutting edges have been lost to post depositional abrasion; the remaining surface has an even dark green patina.. There is a central rib on both faces giving a shallow lozengiform cross section.



Length: 37.13mm, Width: 21.71mm, Thickness: 4.02mm, Weight: 13.2g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-02-10T00:00:00Z,,,,13.2,,,4.02,37.13,1,Graham Brandejs,Graham Brandejs,Eastern,Suffolk,Mid Suffolk,Little Blakenham,TM1048,GPS (from the finder),52.09048441,1.06400717,PUBLIC-16B97C,,DSC_3792.JPG,Mid-Late Bronze Age blade,Graham Brandejs,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/grahamb/DSC_3792.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1091672.jpg
992673,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age, c. 1300-700 BC.



The axehead consists of part of the hollowed blade. It appears truncated, so that a portion of blade and socket are missing. The blade itself is markedly thicker on the upper surface (8.53mm) than the lower surface (2.50mm), but both share the same profile, flaring from the rectangular socket to form a wider cutting edge. There are some signs of unfinished seams on the side surfaces. It is now a greenish patina with a notable area of damage in different places on both sides- diagonally across the blade and at the lower edge of the blade and side piece. 



The axehead is slightly reminiscent but neater and better produced than no. 176 in Pearce (1983: 431), which she describes as being from the Ashburton area. WILT-A8FADF is a closer example.



Measurements: 46.5mm length, 43.5mm width, 17.4mm thickness, weight 146g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,146,,,17.4,46.5,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,Devon,East Devon,Axminster,ST3207,From finder,50.85849592,-2.96749515,DEV-2A48F8,,DEV2A48F8.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV2A48F8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1091916.jpg
992863,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A fragment of the tip of a blade from a Middle Bronze Age (1400-1100 BC) dirk or rapier. The edges of the blade gradually taper to a point which has been rounded, possibly from use. The cross section is lozengiform with broad and rounded midrib suggesting that it may correspond to Burgess and Gerloff's (1981) Group IV.","These types of blades date to the Middle Bronze Age (1400-1100 BC); fragments also sometimes turn up in Late Bronze Age hoards, suggesting their continued use.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.32,,,1.9,33.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0742,From finder,51.17719389,-1.90124317,SUR-3C2D9D,,SUR3C2D9D.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR3C2D9D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1092166.jpg
992919,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A complete copper-alloy miniature flat axehead of early Bronze Age date, c.2150 - 1500 BC. The axehead is sub-trapezoidal with a curved blade tapering to a rounded cutting edge. The sides are slightly concaved and the axehead is undecorated. 



The metal has a dark green/brown patina and is worn. The axehead is 44.8mm long, 18.3mm tapering to 4.4mm wide, 4mm thick and weighs 9.4g.



This object is too small to have functioned as an axe and current archaeological thinking suggests they played a role in votive/ritual practices or functioned as amulets. Despite the obvious lack of contemporaneity, those modelled on later Bronze Age axe types, socketed and looped, have been found in secure Iron Age and Roman contexts.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.4,,,4.7,44.8,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Allerston,SE8882,From finder,54.22616646,-0.65167675,YORYM-3F6A11,,MLS0008.jpg,Bronze Age : Miniature Object,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/MLS0008.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1093262.jpg
993163,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Cast copper alloy fragment of a Late Bronze Age sword, sub-rectangular in plan and profile and 'flying saucer'-shaped (stepped lozenge) in section, from the Carp's Tongue complex, dating from c.1000-800 BC. The blade is incised on both faces with a pair of parallel longitudinal grooves, approximately 4.7mm in from the edge, at the junction of the oval-section midrib and the bevelled blade edges. The grooves taper as the blade edge does, towards the rounded broken edge, which is not the tip of the blade. The grooves border a central raised mid-rib which is 14 mm wide and 6 mm thick, measuring both faces of the blade together, but more pitted on one side. The wider broken end appears to have been deliberately  and cleanly cut perpendicular to the edge which is commonly seen in the breaking up of swords into fragments for deposition (Matt Knight pers comm). 



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate a similar fragment of a Carp's Tongue sword with two longitudinal grooves from West Knighton, Dorset, on p.99, pl.26, no.325.



Burgess (1968) illustrates a sword found in the River Thames on page 22, fig.13, no.1 which dates from the Carp's Tongue Complex of the Late Bronze Age, c.1000-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-31T23:00:00Z,2015-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,16.22,,,6.7,35.8,1,Anna Tyacke,Caroline Dudley,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Maker-with-Rame,SX4250,Generated from computer mapping software,50.32869288,-4.22119839,CORN-56AC86,,DSCN8491.JPG,Carps Tongue sword fragment (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN8491.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1092496.jpg
993498,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead fragment, probably dating to 1100-800 BC. The fragment consists of one corner of the blade, with traces of the internal terminal of the socket present on one side. It is sub-rectangular in plan and triangular in profile, tapering into the cutting edge.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Wilsford cum Lake,SU1340,GPS (from the finder),51.15910629,-1.81548325,WILT-A8FADF,,WILTA8FADF.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILTA8FADF.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1093363.jpg
993680,Finger Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A complete copper-alloy Finger Ring of probable Middle Bronze age date (1500-1150 BC). The object is a spiral ring and attributable to the 'ornament horizon' of the Taunton and Penard metalwork phases. The spiral is circular in plan and formed of one overlapping coil which is ovate in cross-section with both terminals tapering to a point. 



The exterior surface is heavily pitted; the interior has a smooth dark green patina.



Diameter: 19.81mm, Thickness: 2.85mm, Weight: 2.7g



See also SF-4497E7, HAMP-7556B3, ASHM-A4CAD2 and SF-761FF6. There are also examples of comparable spiraloid rings in the Near Lewes hoard (SUSS-C5D042) and the Ockham hoard (SUR-B41DB6), both Middle Bronze Age in date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.7,,19.81,2.85,,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,South East,Milton Keynes,Milton Keynes,Castlethorpe,SP8043,From finder,52.07958892,-0.83403465,NARC-BBBD74,,NARCBBBD74.jpg,NARC-BBBD74 : Finger Ring : Broze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCBBBD74.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1093030.jpg
993714,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1000,100,"A cast copper-alloy ring with a circular cross section of probable late prehistoric (late Bronze Age to Roman) date. The ring is solid, with an external diameter of 27.4mm and internal diameter of 14.7mm. The hoop is 5.5mm thick and 5.8mm wide. Possibly a harness component; however such simple objects found in isolation are very difficult to attribute to a specific function or date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,,,,,11.71,,27.4,5.5,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Crawley,SU4334,From finder,51.10369496,-1.38722238,SUR-BCB7AE,,SURBCB7AE.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURBCB7AE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1093477.jpg
993721,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1100,-700,A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe dating to the late Bronze Age to early Iron Age (800 BC -700 BC) comprising a corner of the socket rim. The rim is 5.2mm thick with a moulded collar on the outer surface which is 12.9mm wide. There is a prominent casting seam evident down the mid part of one side.,,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,,,,,14.45,,,5.2,33.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Crawley,SU4334,From finder,51.10369496,-1.38722238,SUR-BCD366,,SURBCD366.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURBCD366.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1093554.jpg
993727,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A copper alloy fragment from the tip end of the blade of a dirk or rapier of Middle Bronze Age (c 1500-1100 BC) date. The fragment is 20.4mm in length and 13.3mm in width, with a lenticular cross section. The fragment is heavilly corroded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,,,,,4.94,,,4.2,20.4,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Crawley,SU4334,From finder,51.10369496,-1.38722238,SUR-BCF0BA,,SURBCF0BA.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURBCF0BA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1093552.jpg
994060,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A complete copper-alloy flat axehead of early Bronze Age date, c.2150 - 1500 BC. 



The axehead is sub-trapezoidal with a lenticular long profile, thickest at the middle. The haft end terminates in a flat topped butt which is broken and worn. The sides of the axe expand gradually to the wide crescentic blade end with beveled cutting edge. The axehead is undecorated.



The metal has a mid-orange/brown patina and is worn. The object is 100.3mm long, 54mm to 19.2mm wide, 11.9mm thick and weighs 154g.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,154,,,11.9,100.3,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Silk Willoughby,TF0742,From finder,52.96469844,-0.40834925,YORYM-D50E56,,MJo0006.jpg,Bronze Age : Flat Axe,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/MJo0006.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094971.jpg
994155,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper-alloy awl, possibly for leather working. The head is rectangular in section and tapers into a cylinder before ending at a blunt point. Likely dating from the mid-late Bronze Age c. 1250 -800 BC



The item is dark brown and green with a generally smooth patina. 



weight: 3.28g, length: 51.1mm, width: 3.4mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,,,,,,,,,ESS-E8EA7E,,ESSE8EA7E.jpg,Copper-alloy bronze age awl,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESSE8EA7E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1093492.jpg
994204,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-800,"Circumstances: Found whilst using a metal detector in January 2020



Description: A group of four fragments of a range of objects, dating from the early to late Bronze Age (2350-800 BC).



1 Middle Bronze Age date (1500- 1100 BC).



2 Middle Bronze Age date from the period (1500- 1100 BC).



3 Early to Middle Bronze Age date from the period (2350-1500 BC). 



4 Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC).



1 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave The object is a slender palstave. The cutting edge has a crescentic form with slightly flared tips. The edge is missing portions of side due to post-depositional processes. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The stopridge is flush with the flange. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. There is a beak at the apex of the loop resulting in the loss of a small portion and the break is abraded. The flange ends at the stopridge resulting in a shield shape. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. The flanges and septum form an H shape. There is a slight central raised mid-rib, extending from the stopridge to the cutting end on both sides. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges. The butt edge is irregular in plan. The metal has a dark greenish brown, slightly pitted patina.  



Late/transitional palstave possibly of the Wilburton/Penard Phase.



2 An incomplete copper alloy Palstave The object is a slender palstave. The cutting edge has a crescentic form with slightly flared tips. The edge is missing portions of side due to post-depositional processes. There is a stopridge a little under halfway down the palstave. The stopridge is flush with the flange. The integral loop is centred just before the stopridge. The flange ends at the stopridge resulting in a shield shape. Portions of the outer edges of both flange are missing due to post-depositional processes. The flanges and septum form a U-shaped septum and straight-sided open flanges. There is a pronounced central raised mid-rib, extending from the stopridge to the cutting end on both sides, which expands and becomes more shallow towards the cutting edge. There is a semi-circular void in the centre of the butt end. The object retains casting seams around the upper and lower edges. The metal has a dark green, slightly pitted patina. 



Late/transitional palstave possibly of the Wilburton/Penard Phase.



3 A fragment of a copper alloy Flat Axehead. The retained portion is the cutting edge of a flat axehead, it is solid cast and the object flares out to the sides towards the butt end creating a wedge shape. The sides of the cutting edge are flared and the cutting edge tapers in to form a bevelled cutting edge. There is a casting seam visible on the upper and lower edges. The object terminates in a transverse break resulting in the loss of approximately 60% of the original form.  



4 A fragment of a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier. The object is rectangular in plan and ovate in cross section. It is incomplete being broken transversely on the upper and lower edges. There is visible bevelling along the left and right hand edges away from the mid-ribs. The central portion of the blade retains two longitudinal mid-ribs. The metal a dark green predominantly smooth patina.



Discussion: It is not possible to assign the more fragmentary pieces (no’s 3-4) to a particular typological grouping due to their fragmentary nature, however they fit within similar groups of middle to late Bronze Age hoards using those diagnostic features which are retained. The more complete objects (1-2) fit within the Wilburton/Penard Phase of Late/transitional middle Bronze Age date. 



Dimensions: 



1 Length: 169.27mm, Width: 43.89mm, Thickness: 34.91mm, Weight: 600g



2 Length: 141.65mm, Width: 42.80mm, Thickness: 30.53mm, Weight: 368.9g



3 Length: 34.60mm, Width: 71.88mm, Thickness: 14.78mm, Weight: 124.0g



4 Length: 28.87mm, Width: 27.34mm, Thickness: 3.25mm, Weight: 17.7g","The objects were found is close proximity and are associated, they are of prehistoric date and consequently qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",3,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2020T194,,,,,,,4,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Hinton-in-the-Hedges,SP5636,From finder,52.01960385,-1.18534655,NARC-E9B307,,NARCE9B3071.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCE9B3071.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094531.jpg
994463,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl of probable late Bronze Age date, 85.9mm in length. The object is undecorated, square in cross section in the middle and tapers to points at either end. One tip is bent and has suffered post-depositional damage to the surface.",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,2019-04-01T23:00:00Z,,,,8,,,5.1,85.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Bradley,SU6342,From finder,51.1737772,-1.1002036,SUR-398CA4,,SUR398CA4.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR398CA4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1093796.jpg
994720,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy spear head dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 BC. Only the tip of the spear remains which is triangular in shape and lozenge in section. A central rib is present on both faces of the spear extending from the pointed tip to the lozenge terminal end. The blade extends either side of the midrib terminating in abraded edges. The inner portion of the spear head is hollow, in which a wooden shaft would have been fitted. Although insufficient remains to have complete confidence in classifying this object, as the midrib extends to the tip, it is probably comparable with the range of spearheads in Davis Groups 5-11, while its section is possibly most indicative of the Late Bronze Age pegged types, Davis Group 11.



The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The spear head is 46.4mm long, 27.3mm wide, 9.2mm thick and weighs 16.1g.



Similar objects recorded on the database are: YORYM-17F9E2 and YORYM-A2E2F3.b",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.1,,,9.2,46.4,1,Miss. Rebecca Vickers,Miss. Rebecca Vickers,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Routh,TA1043,GPS (from the finder),53.87155541,-0.32848763,YORYM-4F8580,,E064866.jpg,Bronze Age spear head,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebvic/E064866.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094234.jpg
994726,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A copper alloy Middle Bronze Age side looped and socketed spearhead dating to the period c. 1600 - 1150 BC. The blade is leaf-shaped with a lozengiform sectioned midrib. It exhibits a hollow socket and cast side loops. It is complete apart from a small amount of damage to the base of the socket. The spearhead measures 126.9mm in length, 21.6mm maximum width, 9.3mm minimum thick on the blade, 18.3mm in diameter at the base of the socket and weighs 53.54g.



The tip of the blade has a slightly break to one side and the edges of the blade are chipped along their length. The sides widen towards the base but are straight or only very slightly convex. At the base is the widest point then a distinct carination then they angle downwards  into the socket. There seems to be some evidence of a sharpened blade edge but not clear bevel and this is mostly lost to chipping.  The blade measures 62.7mm in length,21.6mm maximum width. The edge of the blade is 0.9mm thick, tapering to a maximum thickness of 2.8mm by the midrib. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering lozenge shaped midrib which expands from a thickness of 2.7mm at the tip to 9.3mm at the base of the head.



The socket is oval in cross section at the top wider in line with the midrib, narrower in plane with the blade) 10.9mm by 9.3mm. It becomes circular in shape by the base where it measures 18.7mm in diameter. The mouth of the socket  has an old break to one side. The socket is at least 24.8mm deep but contains dry, copper stained material so was originally deeper. This is dust with no fibrous properties remaining but could be the remains of the wooden haft, or of later mud.



The loops are positioned on either side of the socket, about half way down, approximately opposite one another. The loops are curved, more elongated than a semi-circle and have slightly widened outer edges into slight loop plates . The loops measure 11mm in length, 3.5-4mm in width at the base, 4-4.5, at the centre and project 4.5-4.7mmmm from the outside of the socket. The holes are now filled with corrosion. Casting ribs are visible running along both sides of the body from the mouth to the point at which the blade commences.



The spearhead has a mottled dark green patina and the surface is heavily pitted.



HESH-CFC925, WAW-DC8222, HESH-CE6980 and SWYOR-BF67A6 are similar examples on the database. The record for the former states that: similar side looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,53.54,,,18.3,126.9,1,Laura Burnett,Laura Burnett,South West,Somerset,South Somerset,,ST4207,From finder,50.85958744,-2.82543492,SOM-4FBE8D,,SOM4FBE8D.JPG,Middle Bronze Age spearhead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elburnett/SOM4FBE8D.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1093991.jpg
994732,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1700,800,"A copper alloy fragment of a blade dating possibly to the Bronze Age period, about 1700-800 BC. The fragment is rectangular in plan and triangular, or wedge shaped, in section. The outer edge of the blade fragment flattens to a sharp edge, whilst the inner edge widens to a broken edge. Both the top and bottom of the blade fragment are broken. It seems likely this is a fragment of a triangular blade possibly from a spear head which would widen to a central prominent rib. 



The metal has a mid-green patina. The object is 39.6mm long, 12.5mm wide, 5.3mm thick and weighs 6.1g.



Although the object is relatively undiagnostic, its shape and association with other Bronze Age spear head fragments suggests it is of this date and type. Davis (2017) has classified spearheads of the Early to Late Bronze Age, and whilst this fragment does not suggest a type, if it is from a spearhead it would date from about 1700 - 800 BC. A complete example is recorded on the database: YORYM-748913.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.1,,,5.3,39.6,1,Miss. Rebecca Vickers,Miss. Rebecca Vickers,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Routh,TA1043,GPS (from the finder),53.87155541,-0.32848763,YORYM-4FE371,,E06468.jpg,Bronze Age possible spear head,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebvic/E06468.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094235.jpg
994753,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper alloy tanged chisel dating to the late Bronze Age (c. 1150 - 800 BC). The chisel has a tang with a rectangular cross section which tapers to a point. At the junction with the blade is an asymmetrical bulge; the blade itself is around 35mm in length and expands to 15.9mm wide at the curved cutting edge, which is slightly lopsided, possibly from use wear. The side profile of the blade is flat.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-16T23:00:00Z,,,,12.93,,,4.6,68.8,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Buttermere,SU3460,From finder,51.3380785,-1.51330327,SUR-505F93,,SUR505F93.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR505F93.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094031.jpg
994763,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1550,1150,"An incomplete copper alloy tanged knife of probable Bronze Age date (c. BC 1550-1150). The tip of the handle and most of the blade are missing. The portion of the blade remaining is rectangular in shape and lozenge in section, and has a central rib running longitudinally down the blade. The base of the blade widens into a ‘hipped’ expansion formed of two triangular shapes pointing outwards, after which the knife narrows again. The opposite end splits and is formed of two prongs which would have formed an attachment hole for a plug rivet when complete.  



The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The knife is 50.6mm long, 23.6mm wide, 5mm thick and weighs 20.1g. Similar examples on the database include SUR-D5A3E7 and SF-E21E0E.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.1,,,5,50.6,1,Miss. Rebecca Vickers,Miss. Rebecca Vickers,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Routh,TA1043,GPS (from the finder),53.87155541,-0.32848763,YORYM-508B4C,,E064865.jpg,Bronze Age knife,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rebvic/E064865.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094236.jpg
994850,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,"An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe dating to the period circa 1300-700 BC. The only surviving part of the object is the corner of the socket rim, which forms an L shape in section. The rim is 4mm thick consisting of a moulded central spine. On the surface of the object a prominent casting seam forming vertical and horizontal grooves. 



The fragmentary remains of the object preclude any further typological certainty but it socketed axes were in use from the middle Bronze Age through to the onset of the Iron Age, and use-wear analysis indicates they were used for a variety of activities subject to change throughout this period (Roberts and Ottaway 2004).



Length: 28.5mm; Width: 28mm; Body Thickness: 3.5mm; Weight: 18g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-19T23:00:00Z,2020-01-19T00:00:00Z,,,18,,,4,28.5,1,Phil Hughes,Phil Hughes,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0882,Generated from computer mapping software,52.39647789,1.05577079,NMS-525460,,60179_525460_BA_Axe.jpg,Incomplete Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/60179_525460_BA_Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1145443.jpg
995032,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-1600,"An incomplete, cast, copper-alloy, Early Bronze Age flat axehead (c.2500 to 1600 BC).



The axehead is sub-triangular in plan and profile, narrowing towards the butt creating a typical lentoid shape. The parallel sides are relatively straight, expanding towards a curved shaped blade that has a width of 30.28 mm. The rounded blade is slightly damaged along one side. Both faces of the object are heavily abraded and pitted with a light brown patina with patches of bright green. The edges are rough and have a green patina.



The axehead probably fits into the earliest phases of metalworking in Britain, metalworking stage I-II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 1-3 c.2500-2050 cal.BC, or slightly later.



Similar examples on the PAS database have been recorded under various types, including miniature object e.g. YORYM-CE8933 (59.01 mm), flat axe e.g. KENT-CF6F79 (80.6 mm) and YORYM-D53C89, chisel e.g. SUSS-9B7F13 (65.17 mm) and flat axehead e.g. LVPL-03D15C (61.5 mm).



Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



Dimensions:

Length: 73.29 mm

Width: 30.28 mm

Thickness: 7.18 mm (rounded edge) and 3.45 mm (butt end)

Weight: 123.39g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,123.39,,,7.18,73.29,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Walesby,TF1491,From finder,53.40351823,-0.28671837,LIN-65381C,,Lin65381C.jpg,Lin-65381C: Bronze age axe head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/guisachan/Lin65381C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1106352.jpg
995188,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"Cast, copper-alloy socketed spearhead dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age, c. 1600-800 BC



The spearhead takes the form of a regular cone with opposed flanges forming blades that extend from the pointed tip and mouth of the socket, although now heavily worn. The outer cutting edges of the blades are abraded, showing a green tint against an overall brown patina, on the other side there is heavy damage with a gaping sub-triangular shaped jagged hole. No decoration is visible. The patina on the ragged side indicates that this damage might have occurred in antiquity. 



An example of a similar spearhead in a better condition includes NLM-572E82 from Wrawby, North Lincolnshire. Suggested date: Middle to Late Bronze age, 1600-800 BC



Surviving length: 57.27 mm, Width (at tip): 4.09mm and (socket): 19.79mm, Thickness (wall, at mouth of socket): 12.14 mm, Weight: 16.61g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.61,,,12.14,57.27,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Rothwell,TF1499,From finder,53.47539398,-0.28382429,LIN-69FC01,,Lin69FC01.jpg,Lin-69FC01: Bronze age spear head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/guisachan/Lin69FC01.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1106275.jpg
995299,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,Fragment of copper alloy late Bronze Age socketed axehead. The fragment comprises the transversely-fractured cutting edge of the blade with just enough of the length surviving to indicate its socketed nature and betray the slightly flaring exterior profile towards the end of the blade. The inside of the socket is bright green with bronze disease whilst the exterior has surviving dark brown patina with underlying green corrosion where the patination has eroded. Circa 1300-700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2018-10-25T23:00:00Z,,,38.8,,,13.64,30,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Horningtoft,TF9322,From finder,52.76111566,0.85889134,NMS-7BD914,,64044_7BD914_LBA_Axehead.jpg,Fragment of Late Bronze Age Axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/64044_7BD914_LBA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1095009.jpg
995337,Hammer,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,Copper alloy late Bronze Age socketed hammer head. The socketed end has a single raised collar with broadly square-shaped (externally 23.7mm x 23.3mm) socket and tapers slightly to a more rectangular shaped head (17.7mm x 21.7mm) which has been slightly upset through use. The overall length of the head is 64 mm with a socket depth of approximately 44 mm providing a 20 mm long solid bronze striking section. Both casting seams have been removed and only a scant trace on one side is evident. The dark green to brown patina is largely complete save small eroded areas around the mouth of the socket that reveal an underlying light green colour. Similar types of hammer can be found at - IOW-8B13A7 & IOW-A05DE6 on this database. Circa 1000-700 BC.,"Note: This object was found in the same field as another possible Bronze Age artefact (NMS-7DE817 at around 250yd separation). However, it has not been possible to definitively date this other object to the same period and accordingly the two have not been declared as treasure. If further Bronze Age artefacts come to light in the immediate vicinity the new finds will have to be considered as potential treasure.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2018-10-25T23:00:00Z,,,114,,,,64,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Mileham,TF9318,From finder,52.72520219,0.8565404,NMS-7D35CC,,64045_7D35CC_LBA_Hammer.jpg,Late Bronze Age hammer head,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/64045_7D35CC_LBA_Hammer.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094985.jpg
995362,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,1700,"Incomplete copper alloy fragment of an unidentified object. The form is sub-triangular in cross-section and in plan. One side of the triangular cross-section curves inwards and the other two are slightly convex creating a broadly central arris along its length.  There is a break at the wider end that to one side curves into a slight flange, with another break at the narrow apex end. The shape is reminiscent of Medieval to Post Medieval cooking vessel handles or legs but the light green matt patina is more suggestive of Bronze Age artefacts, albeit the precise nature of the object remains unidentified. For this reason a very wide date range is suggested at circa 1000 BC AD1700, however, the consensus is much more towards the earlier date.","Note: This object was found in the same field as a Bronze Age hammer head (NMS-7D35CC at around 250yd separation). However, it has not been possible to definitively date this object to the same period and accordingly the two have not been declared as treasure. If further Bronze Age artefacts come to light in the immediate vicinity the new finds will have to be considered as potential treasure.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2011-01-01T00:00:00Z,2018-10-25T23:00:00Z,,,34,,,,23.89,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Mileham,TF9318,From finder,52.72520219,0.8565404,NMS-7DE817,,64045_7DE817_LBA_UO.jpg,Probable Late Bronze Age Unidentified Object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/64045_7DE817_LBA_UO.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094972.jpg
995393,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-1800,"A Bronze age possible blade probably dating to the early Bronze Age, circa 2300 – 1800 BC.



The object is broadly an inverted triangle in form with a rounded point. The upper terminal is broken, it is slightly waisted at the upper terminal with rounded edges.



Peter Reavill (per comms) suggests ""The section is flat and similar to that of a flat axe rather than sword or arrow. It may also possibly be an early blade fragment that could be reused to form an arrow.""



The object has a very pitted and worn dark green coloured patina. 



The object measures 65.35 mm in length, 15.34 mm in width, 2.57 mm in thickness and weighs 9.2 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.2,,,2.57,65.35,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Quatt Malvern,SO7689,From finder,52.49837093,-2.35495554,WMID-7F26FA,,BAArrowheadcopy.jpg,Bronze Age blade (front and reverse),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/BAArrowheadcopy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094511.jpg
995836,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A blade fragment from a mid to late Bronze Age Rapier or sword, circa 1400-800 BC. The blade is 5.9mm thick with a rounded midrib. The sides are parallel suggesting the blade was long and slender.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.31,,,5.9,42.8,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Epsom and Ewell,Stoneleigh,TQ2258,From finder,51.30804998,-0.2511175,SUR-E2D087,,SURE2D087.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURE2D087.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1094938.jpg
995848,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Description:  Hoard of two complete cast copper alloy axes comprising: 

1.    Complete cast copper alloy socketed axe head. The axe is relatively short. It has a subrectangular body, with sides that flare outwards towards the cutting edge. The socket of the axehead is sub-rectangular with curving corners. A small lip runs around the edge of the socket and there is a collar of similar width around the narrowest part of the axe. The axe is otherwise undecorated. Both sides of the axe have a pronounced casting seam running along their centre. There is a loop on one side of the axe, joining next to the collar and extending to about halfway along the blade.

2.    Complete cast copper alloy socketed axe head. The axe is relatively long. The socket of the axehead is sub-rectangular with curving corners. It has a subrectangular body, narrowest in the middle, flaring wider towards the socket and widest at the cutting edge. The socket of the axehead is sub-rectangular with curving corners. There is a double raised collar at the socket end. The axe is otherwise undecorated. Both sides of the axe have a pronounced casting seam running along their centre. There is a  loop on one side of the axe, joining next to the collar and extending about a quarter of the way along the blade. 



The finder has treated both axe heads with Renaissance wax. Photos from before this treatment show a dark green-brown patina. 



Dimensions: 

1. Length: 98.68 mm    Width: 54.94 mm    Depth: 37.05 mm    Weight: 294.02 g. External mouth dimensions 36.89 mm (side to side) by 39.27 mm (front to back). Internal mouth dimensions 28.35 mm (side to side) by 28.21 mm (front to back). Loop measures 26.24 mm long, 8.27 mm wide and 11.36 mm out from the body of the axe.

2. Length: 116.90 mm    Width: 46.20 mm    Depth: 32.65 mm    Weight: 240.24 g External mouth dimensions 40.05 mm (side to side) by 37.73 mm (front to back). Internal mouth dimensions 28.90 mm (side to side) by 26.40 mm (front to back). Loop measures 21.46 mm long, 11.00 mm wide and 10.56 mm out from the body of the axe.



Discussion: 1. Is Type Portree (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, esp nos. 1043 and 1051). 2. Is a socketed axe of Type Wilburton (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, nos. 1007-1009). They both date from the earlier Late Bronze Age, c. 1125-900BC. The two axes are contemporary, which fits with them having been deliberately deposited together as a hoard. A similar combination of types can be seen in the hoard from Lowthorpe ER Yorkshire (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, Plate 139E).



Conclusion: 

The objects qualify as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act (1996) (Designation Order 2002), which states that any find of two or more base metal objects of prehistoric date qualify as Treasure.",,4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2020T234,,,,,,,1,Abigail Baker,Abigail Baker,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Trimdon,NZ3834,From finder,54.69960171,-1.41188876,NCL-E361F6,,NCLE361F6Axe1.jpg,,Tyne and Wear Museums,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/abigailbaker/NCLE361F6Axe1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1099473.jpg
995858,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1000,800,"an incomplete copper alloy late Bronze Age socketed arrowhead or small spearhead, dated to the late Bronze Age (c.1000 to 800 BC).



A cast bronze arrowhead, possibly dating to the late Bronze Age between c. 1000-800 BC (length: 48.48mm; width: 9.14mm; thickness: 8.4mm; diameter of socket: 4.76mm; weight: 9.8g). The arrowhead flares out gently from the base and narrows towards the tip forming a ""leaf-shape"" when viewed in plan.  On both the face and reverse, a central rib extends from the base towards the tip, although its presence is uncertain at the tip due to material loss. The metal narrows to form lateral blades either side of the central rib, although the edges of the blades are missing, making the original shape uncertain. The tip is missing, leaving a rough, rounded end to the object.  The base includes a circular blind socket which extends about 15mm into the object. The arrowhead appears to be solid. 



The metal surface is mostly dark green with some small raised patches of mid-brown material which are likely to be soil or a corrosion product or a coating.  A large proportion of the surface is smooth, appearing to be original, but approximately 20% of this surface has been lost to corrosion or physical damage, leaving a rough surface.  The base is broken through the socket so it is likely that part of the length is missing. The break surface is rough and has a similar green surface patina to the rest of the object. The break reveals the roughness of the casting, with two sub-spherical cavities in the region of the junction of the blades with the material surrounding the socket, which are probably bubbles from casting process.

 



WMID-28FC66 describes a similar object and states that ""Bronze arrowheads dating to this period are extremely rare in Britain, with one found as part of a hoard in Penard, Wales (Savory, 1980, 57) as well as possible arrowheads found on the Isle of Portland, Sussex, Yorkshire, Montgomeryshire and another on display in Norwich Museum. Bronze arrowheads seem to appear more regularly in France where they were first manufactured in the Middle Bronze Age, in the Paris basin and the west-central area (Savory, 57).""



Similar objects are described in SUSS-5DC319, SWYOR-19E2B1, SWYOR-C57356 and WMID-3AE711.  These appear to mostly date to the late Bronze Age.  Although arrowheads are described as very rare finds, this example does appear to be very small for a spearhead.  Although the edges, base and tip are missing and therefore original size cannot be determined, the shape appears to taper inward towards the base and so it is unlikely that the socket diameter is much bigger than the 4.76mm measured.  This indicates that the shaft of the original weapon would be narrow and relatively weak for a spear, unless made for a child or ceremonial purpose.","This object was partly recorded during the Covid19 crisis. New Images may be uploaded at a later date, and further information may be added.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-10T00:00:00Z,2020-01-10T00:00:00Z,,,9.8,,,9.14,48.48,1,Sara Gibson,Sara Gibson,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Malton,SE7472,GPS (From FLO),54.1385207,-0.86882534,DUR-E3B3AB,,DURE3B3AB.jpg,DUR-E3B3AB,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DURE3B3AB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1101159.jpg
996441,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1,600 to 1,400 BC), of typical non side-looped form with a &quot;shield&quot; shaped moulding immediately below the stop ridge. It is of heavily corroded condition, with thin green patination. The extensive surface loss is due to exposure to (now) marine deposition, this is likely to have formed part of a&nbsp;funerary&nbsp;group of implements deposited at the site known as Seahenge, Holme-Next-The-Sea, cf. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 82, Robertson. D,(2016), pp 227-258 ,&nbsp;original deposition&nbsp;at the time was inland.&nbsp;

The H-sectioned split hafting has now corroded to a thin irregular form, the blade is rather smooth with shallow, broad pits and the cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical, it is unsure if the this was intentional or just due to the corrosion. See&nbsp;NMS-C9B2AD for an example of this type&nbsp;found in Norfolk in better condition.",Association with &quot;Seahenge&quot; monument.&nbsp;,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Other chance find,2000-01-01T00:00:00Z,2001-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,246,,,21,144,1,,Jason Gibbons,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Holme Next the Sea,TF7145,,52.97507337,0.54528118,NMS-11B9A1,,DSCF90642.JPG,,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jasongibbons/DSCF90642.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1096660.jpg
996530,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-701,"Fragment of a copper alloy blade, probably a Middle to Late Bronze Age dirk or rapier. No original edge survives, the top and bottom having broken away and the sides eroded. It is lentoid in cross-section, i.e. it has a rounded median rib and sides which taper to form a slight flange. c. 1600 to 700 BC



Length: 19.8mm. Width: 17.0mm. Thickness: 5.0mm. Weight: 7.3g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-13T00:00:00Z,2020-02-10T00:00:00Z,,,7.3,,,5,19.8,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Marham,TF7110,Centred on field,52.66075131,0.52697446,NMS-2311E6,,,,,,,
996808,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-800,-600,"A Late-Bronze Age to Early Iron Age, cast copper alloy razor dating to c.800BC-600BC.  The razor has a trapezoidal shaped blade, which is sub-triangular in cross section.  The lower portion of the blade is decorated with three grooves separated by two moulded ridges.  A transverse moulded line, which is triangular in cross-section, runs across the top of the blade and links the two integral loops. 



The razor has a mid-brown patina and has significant pitting over both faces.  The cutting edge is worn, with some small breakages in parts. 



Broadly similar examples can be found in the British Museum's Online Catalogue: 1998,0901.287 (blade shape), 1963,1208.1 (moulded line at top and blade shape).  Comparable groves can be seen on NMS-F0B277 on he Portable Antiquities Scheme database.



Measurements: length at base: 79.9mm; length at top: 44.6mm; height (including loop): 40.2mm; height (excluding loop): 29.8mm; thickness at base: 0.8mm; thickness of top: 3.1mm;  thickness of loop: 3.4mm; external diameter of loop: 10.8mm.  Weight: 30.01g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-02-16T00:00:00Z,2020-02-16T00:00:00Z,,,30.01,40.2,,3.1,79.9,1,Alexandra Cobby,Alexandra Cobby,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Merton,SP5718,From finder,51.85768493,-1.17375277,BH-61CDC5,,BH61CDC5.jpg,Late-Bronze Age to Early Iron Age razor,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sashamarie/BH61CDC5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1095891.jpg
996874,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"A complete, cast, copper alloy flat axehead, dating to the Bronze age (c. 2200 - 1900 BC). The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade, showing damage. In profile the axe broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges; in cross section the axe is D shaped. The butt is relatively thin having a narrow sub-rounded profile. The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively flat. All surfaces are covered in a green patination, little of original surface visible. Length 141.2mm, width 81.5mm at cutting edge, 29.0mm at butt, thickness 11.0mm and weight 362.3g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,362.3,,,11,141.5,1,Catherine Falkner,Catherine Falkner,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Brassington,SK2255,GPS (from the finder),53.0917609,-1.67294665,DENO-632F75,,DENO632F75.jpg,Bronze Age flat axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meghank/DENO632F75.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154032.jpg
997089,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"Incomplete cast copper alloy flat axehead dating from the Migdale tradition of the Early Bronze Age, c.2200-2000 BC. The sides of the axehead look slightly raised on both faces but that is because the original surface, which has turned dark brown in colour, has only survived around the edges making it look crisper, and also on the blade above the slightly expanded but worn and rounded cutting edge. The axehead is sub-trapezoidal in plan, triangular in profile, tapering towards the cutting edge, and rectangular in section at the butt end. The blade narrows towards the damaged butt end, but with almost straight sides. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on the surface of the axe, but the original surface has corroded away and is now very pitted, so that preservation is poor. There are many circular depressions on the surface that have been caused by blisters forming as the axehead has corroded and then breaking down and powdering away. 



Similar slender flat axeheads with straight-sided butt ends can be seen in records CORN-6C605C, DENO-93FB17, SUR-E3F467, LANCUM-6507C2, and SOMDOR-C71623 on the database.



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 (c.2350-2050 cal BC). This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Schmidt & Burgess (1981) illustrate similar flat axeheads of Type Migdale from Scotland, Briach Moor and Morayshire on pp.41-42, pls.12-13, nos.143, 147 &155.



Pearce (1983) illustrates a similar example of slender Migdale type flat axehead from Tregonjeeves Quarry in Cornwall on p.400 & 453, pl.1, no.6.



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015) illustrate the latest slender Migdale type of flat axes to be recorded in the South West from Boscastle in Cornwall, Bishop's Tawrton in Devon and Burton in Dorset on page 87, pl.14, nos.3, 111 & 213.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-02-24T00:00:00Z,2020-02-24T00:00:00Z,,,131.81,,,9,93,1,Anna Tyacke,Anna Tyacke,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Camelford,SX1084,Generated from computer mapping software,50.6246691,-4.68758642,CORN-68C636,,DSCN8542.JPG,flat axehead (plan),Royal Institution of Cornwall,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/atyacke/DSCN8542.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1096254.jpg
997160,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Incomplete late Bronze Age socketed axehead. About half survives, now squashed flat. There is a crack down both sides, and the axe has apparently been deliberately hammered flat, although there are no visible hammer marks. The break across the centre is old and worn. It measures 30.5mm across the broken edge, and 45mm wide at most. The fragment is 49mm long and a maximum of 11mm thick, and weighs 72.37g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-14T00:00:00Z,2020-02-12T00:00:00Z,,,72.37,,,11,49,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Great Melton,TG1308,From finder,52.62794395,1.1457793,NMS-775AAE,,63731_775AAE_BA_Axe.jpg,Incomplete late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/63731_775AAE_BA_Axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1145990.jpg
997484,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A fragment of Late Bronze Age (1150-800 BC) socketed axehead, consisting of the splayed, curved cutting edge only. The patina is worn and pitted and there is a trace of the socket in the (old) break.

The fragment measures 16.5mm in length, 34.3mm in width, 8.3mm in max.thickness (at the break) and weighs 14.68g.","
This find was recorded at a rally and therefore the identification and photograph may not be of our usual standard.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,2013-08-31T23:00:00Z,,"Andover Anton Rotary Club Charity Metal Detecting Rally, Penton Mewsey (1/09/13)",14.68,,,8.3,16.5,1,Katie Hinds,Katie Hinds,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Penton Mewsey,SU3348,GPS (from the finder),51.23023932,-1.52876295,HAMP-8C99E7,,,,,,,
997546,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-100,"A complete copper-alloy annular ring of middle Bronze Age to Iron Age date, c.1500 – 100 BC. The internal edge is faceted and bears repeating linear striations some of which resemble lettering but this is likely coincidental. 



The metal has a dark brown delaminate patina with pitting. The ring is 24.1mm in diameter, 3.6mm wide, 4.7mm thick and weighs 4.9g.



Peter Reavill, Finds Liaison Officer for Herefordshire & Shropshire, comments that parallels with cut marks, incised patterns and inlay for glass are known in later Bronze Age and Iron Age traditions. 



Similar objects have been recorded on the PAS database as LIN-4F191E and NARC-5B60BD and have also been found in hoards with Bronze Age socketed axes, such as Treasure Case 2014 T442 (YORYM-15AA2D). A number of functions have been suggested including horse harness fittings, cauldron handles or cauldron suspension chains.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.9,,24.1,4.7,,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Boroughbridge,SE3965,GPS (from the finder),54.07945182,-1.40540187,YORYM-8E1425,,CF0002.jpg,Bronze Age : Ring,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/CF0002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1096187.jpg
997623,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1600,40,"Copper alloy 'moustache-shaped' object, cast in one piece, of probable middle Bronze Age to Iron Age date. It has a central narrowed constriction, undecorated and with a vertical step down to it, which is curved on the top and has a rounded hollow on the underneath, c. 7mm in diameter. The constriction measures c. 9mm thick and 13mm wide. To either side is a thicker, tapering, drooping element, D-shaped in cross-section although slightly rounded rather than completely flat on the underside. The upper surface of each half is curved with no surviving trace of the usual engraved linear decoration and with rounded rather than pointed terminals. 



The whole object is worn and pitted. It is 26mm from end to end, 13.5mm wide when viewed from the top, and measures 12mm from top to bottom when viewed from the side. It weighs 12.73g. There is little dating evidence available for these enigmatic objects. An example was found with the Salisbury Hoard, indicating a Bronze or Iron Age date; the style might suggest an Iron Age date.



Compare NARC-6A4546, LVPL-B000C6, HAMP-6F4C45, PUBLIC-E9E1C5, NARC-925E14, WILT-616785, KENT-77A0BF and SF-722CF5.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-21T00:00:00Z,2020-02-17T00:00:00Z,,,12.73,12,,,26,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Seething,TM3297,,52.5214531,1.41830034,NMS-901ADA,,64093_901ADA_BA_UO.jpg,Bronze Age or Iron Age unidentified 'moustache-shaped' object,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/64093_901ADA_BA_UO.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1147341.jpg
997810,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy single looped palstave axe with high, protruding stopridge and incomplete preserved side loop, dating to the Mid Bronze Age (1300 to 1150BC), possibly relating to the Silsden types generally dated to the Penard. The axe is complete, except for the arch of the side loop. The body of the palstave is narrow but splays down the blade eventually flaring at the blade edge which is wide. The blade has a heavily curved faceted/bevelled cutting edge which may well have been hammered. The butt is squared, tapering with narrow flanges on both sides. The side loop is adjacent to the stop ridge and incomplete. Both sides of the blades are heavily pitted and scratched. There is green patina and iron-corrosion across the whole of the axe.



The palstave axe measures 132mm in length. The blade is 48.5mm wide and 2.5mm thick at the cutting edge and the butt 21.0mm wide and 14.0mm thick at the stop.The axe weighs 234 grams.



Similar to LANCUM-050851, the two Type Silsden side-looped palstaves can be dated to the Penard (c. 1300-1150 BC) metalwork phase of the Middle Bronze Age (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 161). They are classified within the broader 'Late Palstave' type but are typologically close to 'Transitional Palstaves' such as Type Shelf (see Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 158-160). 



Reference



Schmidt, P. K, & Burgess, C. B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prähistoriche Bronzefunde IX, 7. Munich: Beck.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-01-01T00:00:00Z,2019-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,234,,,2.5,132,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Bedford,Bedford,Bletsoe,TL0259,From finder,52.21977669,-0.50831211,BH-A4E1CA,,WestwoodField4BHA4E1CA.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/WestwoodField4BHA4E1CA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1103405.jpg
997946,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1100,-600,"A Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead, probably dating to c. 1100-800 BC. The fragment comprises of one corner  of the socket mouth and adjacent sections of the wall of the socket. The axehead had an expanded mouth surmounting a double-stranded moulded collar. A prominent casting seem runs longitudinally down one face. All of the breaks are patinated. 



Length 42.8mm; Width 20.2mm; thickness 16.3mm; weight 21.38g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.38,,,16.3,42.8,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chirton,SU0756,GPS (from the finder),51.30307981,-1.90097398,WILT-B97915,,WILTB97915.JPG,,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/wpartridge/WILTB97915.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098670.jpg
997959,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete copper-alloy leaf-shaped razor of middle to late Bronze Age date c.1500 BC - 800 BC. 



The razor is sub-ovate in plan with a narrow lozenge section. The edges are broken and worn leaving an irregular, jagged edge and both ends terminate in worn breaks. A slight curve is present to one end.



The metal has a delaminated dark brown/green patina and is worn. The object is 59.9mm long, 22.1mm wide, 2.5mm thick and weighs 9.9g.



Similar objects have been recorded on the PAS database including SWYOR-A48EE1, NCL-71EF23, DOR-EBFA4D, SUR-E3AEB2 and SF-25A20A. Also see NMS-EAED71 for a complete example.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.9,,,2.5,59.9,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Yapham,SE7952,GPS (from the finder),53.95806581,-0.79751096,YORYM-B9DF57,,RFY0040.jpg,Bronze Age : Razor,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/RFY0040.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1099589.jpg
998016,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"
A highly corroded cast copper alloy ingot of suspected late Bronze Age date. The fragment is irregularly shaped and has a number of large vesicular voids from the casting process.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,750,,,39.1,75.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shere,TQ0849,,51.22997929,-0.45460018,SUR-F3A31B,,SURF3A31B.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF3A31B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1096953.jpg
998017,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,1150,A copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age axe measuring 43.7mm by 25.9mm. The fragment is pelta-shaped and comprises the blade edge which flares out into a semi-circular shape with pointed tips to either side. The axehead has a hollow centre and a vesicular structure resulting from gasses released during casting can be seen in the metal at the break. Probably from a socketed type of late Bronze Age date (c. 1000 BC to 800 BC).,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.85,,,12.9,43.7,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shere,TQ0848,From finder,51.22099068,-0.45490119,SUR-F3EBC4,,SURF3EBC4.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF3EBC4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098564.jpg
998022,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy cast Bronze Age axehead measuring 84.8mm by 43.7mm. The blade and much of the body of the axehead, which is hollow, remain; however the butt end is lost. The blade edge flares out into a semi-circular shape with pointed tips to either side. Probably from a socketed type of late Bronze Age date (c. 1000 BC to 800 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,134.04,,,21.2,84.8,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shere,TQ0849,From finder,51.22997929,-0.45460018,SUR-F43952,,SURF43952.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF43952.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098560.jpg
998026,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,A copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age axehead measuring 46.8mm by 39.7mm. The fragment comprises the blade edge which flares out into a semi-circular shape. The axehead has a hollow centre and a casting seam down either side. The side profile of the axehead has a pronounced curvature which suggests that it may have been a socketed adze. Circa 1000 BC to 800 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,71.2,,,19.8,46.8,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shere,TQ0749,From finder,51.23016745,-0.46891673,SUR-F46A32,,SURF46A32.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF46A32.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098556.jpg
998031,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A complete cast copper alloy flanged axe of early Bronze Age date, 99.2mm in length, with a crescentic blade, expanded flanged sides with hammered oblique ridges and no visible stop ridge. The side profile is lenticular and the surface is heavily corroded. Circa 2000-1700 BC.","
This is a typical product of the Arreton tradition, named for the hoard found on the Isle of Wight and found mostly in SE Britain and the south coast.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,141.65,,,13,99.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shere,TQ0949,From finder,51.22978938,-0.44028379,SUR-F49028,,SURF49028.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF49028.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1096947.jpg
998038,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1100,"A fragment of an early to middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged or palstave axehead, comprising a 25.6mm long section of the butt end. The fragment is flat in profile, with the tapering ends of parallel ridges along each side. The break is patinated and ancient.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,26.54,,,10,25.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,West Horsley,TQ0750,From finder,51.23915611,-0.46861835,SUR-F4C0B5,,SURF4C0B5a.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF4C0B5a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1096948.jpg
998041,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1020,"A fragment of a middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axehead, comprising a 43.3mm long section of the butt end. The fragment has a flat central section, flanked with tapering parallel ridges along each side which give it an H-shaped cross section. The break is patinated and ancient.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.11,,,15.4,43.3,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shere,TQ0848,From finder,51.22099068,-0.45490119,SUR-F4E0FF,,SURF4E0FFa.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF4E0FFa.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1176502.jpg
998044,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,,,"A copper alloy ring, 51.4mm in diameter, with a lenticular cross sectional profile. The ring is slightly bent around a pair of worn areas on opposing sides suggesting use in horse harness. Such rings when found in isolation are difficult to date; this object could potentially be Bronze Age or much more recent.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,22.48,,51.4,6.4,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shere,TQ0849,From finder,51.22997929,-0.45460018,SUR-F50E19,,SURF50E19.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF50E19.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098550.jpg
998046,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,,,"A copper alloy ring, 50.3mm in diameter, with an oval cross sectional profile. Such rings when found in isolation are difficult to date; this object could potentially be Bronze Age or much more recent.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,27.22,,50.3,4.7,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shere,TQ0949,From finder,51.22978938,-0.44028379,SUR-F52B5D,,SURF52B5D.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF52B5D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098494.jpg
998087,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,2350,1600,"Copper-alloy flanged axehead of early Bronze Age date, Needham 1983, class 5db. It has low flanges, with a very smoothly polished green surface between. Most of the edges (butt, cutting edge, much of the flanges) are fragmentary. It is smaller than usual, with a length of 65mm, width at corroded cutting edge of 32mm, maximum thickness 13mm. Weight 77.40g.



This type of flanged axehead is uncommon. Compare a larger example found in a hoard and recorded at NMGW-0B9997.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-29T00:00:00Z,2020-02-26T00:00:00Z,,,77.4,,,13,65,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,East Tuddenham,TG0912,,52.66540389,1.08930238,NMS-F6980E,,64079_F6980E_EBA_FlangedAxehead.jpg,Early Bronze Age flanged axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/64079_F6980E_EBA_FlangedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126036.jpg
998106,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age tanged chisel with most of the blade missing (an old break). The rectangular-sectioned tang tapers from the discoidal collar or stop with a constant width and diminishing thickness to a blunt terminal. The blade narrows slightly from the collar and then widens to the break. Between the collar and the break there is a very slight and discontinuous encircling rib, perhaps not intended to be decorative. Weight 13.37g. Extant length 50.8mm. Width (i.e. diameter of collar) 12.8mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-12-19T00:00:00Z,2019-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,13.37,,,,50.8,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Congham,TF7123,From finder,52.77750198,0.53373441,NMS-F727A5,,25765_F727A5_BA_Chisel.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age tanged chisel,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/25765_F727A5_BA_Chisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1143007.jpg
998118,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Late Bronze Age tanged awl in rather battered condition. The bent tang is square-sectioned and tapers to the proximal end. At its start the cross-section of the blade is irregularly heptagonal but becomes round before the now blunt tip. Weight 4.53g. Length 54.7mm. Width 6mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-12-19T00:00:00Z,2019-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,4.53,,,,54.7,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Congham,TF7123,From finder,52.77750198,0.53373441,NMS-F78DC0,,25765_F78DC0_BA_Awl.jpg,Late Bronze Age tanged awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/25765_F78DC0_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1143006.jpg
998473,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,An Early Bronze Age hoard of six axes and a pierced knife.,,4,,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2020T294,,,,,,,7,,Lucy Shipley,,,,,,,,,DEV-23910E,,DEV23910Eview1.jpg,Bronze Age hoard: six axeheads and knife,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV23910Eview1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1096879.jpg
998605,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A copper-alloy fragment of a middle Bronze Age probably flanged axehead, dating to 1500 BC - 1100 BC. It is the sub-rectangular butt end of the axehead. It has a sub-rectangular cross-section with raised edges and thins towards the rounded end. The surfaces are heavily worn.



Cf with other clearer examples on this database: DEV-618BF7, SUR-D248E1, SF-637BD4.



Length: 37.11 mm



Width: 24.28 mm



Thickness at the break: 7.13 mm



Thickness including raised edges: 10.50mm



Thhickness at the rounded end: 3.11 mm



Weight: 40.61 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-03-01T00:00:00Z,,,,40.61,,,10.5,37.11,1,Riccardo Caravello,Riccardo Caravello,,,,,,,,,SF-389052,,SF389052.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axehead (probably),Suffolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ricc/SF389052.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1112160.jpg
998628,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Copper alloy socketed spearhead that dates to the middle Bronze Age. The blades of the spearhead are leaf-shaped; both blades have a wide and curved base (20mm in diameter) that narrow to the pointed tip. Separating the two blades is a diamond cross-section spine/rib (7mm high in the middle) that runs the runs down the length of the head. Below the socket is circular in cross-section and expands outwards to the aperture (15mm in diameter). Halfway down the socket, on both sides, is a shallow convex projecting loop that has a very narrow rectangular aperture (3.5mm long by 1.5mm wide)





Similar spears are HESH-CFC925, HESH-CE6980 and WAW-DC8222. These records note that similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV dated to the Middle Bronze Age, specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham's Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150 BC).



WAW-DC8222 also comments that the loops on socketed spearheads would have originally been used to help attach and secure the spearhead to the wooden shaft. They also may have been used as suspension loops for some form of tassel or decoration.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-31T23:00:00Z,2019-08-31T23:00:00Z,,,27.06,,,15,107,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Bath and North East Somerset,Bath and North East Somerset,Saltford,ST6868,From finder,51.41011217,-2.46148235,GLO-3AB9E7,,GLO3AB9E7.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO3AB9E7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1097057.jpg
998772,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A copper alloy palstave axe that has a wide curved blade. The sides of the axe are concave and taper from the blade to the middle of the axe each side is slightly expanded with a low ridge running down either edge no both the front and back sides. The stop ridge is positioned three-quarters of the way down from the blade, this is shallow with deep flanged sides behind that run almost the whole length of the rear third.  On the side of the axe is a low oval loop that is adjacent to the stop ridge. 



Middle Bronze Age 1500 BC – 1150",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-02-12T00:00:00Z,,,,463,,,31,168,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Stratton Audley,SP6024,From finder,51.91131007,-1.12915597,GLO-4DE9C8,,GLO4DE9C8.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO4DE9C8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1097135.jpg
999363,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A fragment of the blade from a late middle to late Bronze Age socketed spear, 36mm in length. The blade was originally probably leaf shaped and has a pronounced rib with lozengiform cross sectioned profile 9mm thick. Possibly of pegged or looped type. Circa 1400 BC - 800 BC.","
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23,,,9,36,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Cholsey,SU5784,From finder,51.55201749,-1.17930064,SUR-F56178,,SURF56178.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF56178.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1098168.jpg
999919,Scabbard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper-alloy 'bag-shaped' scabbard chape, dating to the Late Bronze Age, c. 1000-800BC. 



The chape is rounded on the lower edge and flared slightly in thickness.The interior is hollow and upper edge of the front face is damaged. The thickness of the walls is approx. 1.5mm. Both the front and back edges are broken, so that only the lower portion of the chape remains. 



The slightly longer back face has two drilled holes present (likely to attachment to a belt), each with an approximate diameter of 2.1mm.



The patina is mostly worn, with some patches of smoother copper-alloy of a dark brown colour. The wron areas are light green in colour.



Dimensions: weight: 19.02g, length: 28.1mm, width: 41.2mm, thickness: 11.5mm","These chapes are associated with the 'carp's tongue complex' of south-east England and date to the Ewart Park metalworking phase. See also NARC-5DEF37, WILT-D4F151 for similar examples",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.02,,,11.5,28.1,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Chelmsford,Little Baddow,TL7708,From finder,51.74274493,0.5623284,ESS-5F9D4A,,ESS5F9D4A.jpg,copper-alloy scabbard chape,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESS5F9D4A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1103615.jpg
1000223,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1400,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age side-looped spearhead dating from to c. 1550-1400 cal BC. Only the socket and side loops survive the blade being entirely missing to an old abraded break. 



The surviving fragment of the spearhead comprises a hollow cylinder copper that narrows down its length. It lowest point has its widest diameter (c.12.5mm diameter) and its upper end its narrowest (c.7.0mm diameter). Both these ends are broken the lower one being more irregular. Note that the upper break is the point from which the spear head would have extended. Two side loops project from either side of the socket. Each loop projects c.3.1mm from the side of the socket, is 10.6mm long, 2.8mm wide and creates a sub-oval loop c.4.3mm by 2.2mm..



The spearhead fragment is a medium green colour and quite abraded. Traces of a casting seam remaining along the length of one side of the spearhead, running contiguous with the side loop, while traces of one extend from the opposite side loop but are far more worn.



The fragment is 41.1mm long, 15.5mm wide, from the edge of one side loop to the other, the plate metal has a maximum thickness of 1.2mm. The fragment weighs 10.12 grams.



Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis'  (1909) Class IV which they date to the early Middle Bronze Age. Davis (2012) has recently provided a more thorough typology of Bronze Age spearheads in Britain in which he dates side looped forms to The Acton Park Phase (1550-1400 cal BC) (Davis 2012: 108) with the suggestion that in some areas this use may be extended slightly into the Taunton Phase (Davis 2012: 108) (1400-1250 cal BC) their exact position in these periods being dependent on the form of the blade. This portion of the spear being missing a date of c. 1550 to 1400 cal BC is most appropriate (following Needham et al. 1997).","
Thanks to Dot Boughton for help with this ID.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-31T23:00:00Z,2020-03-04T00:00:00Z,,,10.12,,,,41.1,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Buckinghamshire,Chiltern,Penn,SU9395,From finder,51.64611689,-0.65729457,OXON-B291F7,,OXONB291F7.jpg,Middle Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXONB291F7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1099251.jpg
1000300,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl of probable Late Bronze Age date (c.1150-800 cal BC).



The awl's body is square in cross section (5.1x4.9mm). One end narrows relatively quickly (over c.10.1mm.) to a soft point that is tall (1.9mm) and thin (0.7mm). The opposite end narrows over a far longer distance (over c.20.4mm). This length of thw awl is bent slightly downwards and ends in a soft (square sectioned) point.



The awl is a medium green colour and slightly abraded.



The awl is 53.8mm long, 5.1mm wide and 4.9mm thick. It weighs 5.40 grams



Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). They were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin.  Plain awls are difficult to date but most are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They are generally considered to be Later Bronze Age in date (c.1600-800 cal BC) however, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002). Similar examples on the PAS database are numerous and include SUR-398CA4, OXON-FC5735, PUBLIC-E1E3A8 and DOR-03E430",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-31T23:00:00Z,2020-03-04T00:00:00Z,,,5.4,,,4.9,53.8,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Buckinghamshire,Chiltern,Coleshill,SU9494,From finder,51.6369621,-0.6431145,OXON-C4D536,,OXONC4D536.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXONC4D536.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1099382.jpg
1000307,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-600,"An incomplete probable Awl or possible arrowhead of probable Bronze Age date (900 BC to 600 BC).



The probable awl has a conical terminal, with a thin rectangular tang. The concial terminal has a sharp point and a circular cross section. It measures 42.3 mm long and has a maximum thickness of 8.6 mm. The tang is 35.6 mm long and has a maximum thickness of 2.7 mm.



All together, the probable Awl measures 77.1 mm in length, with a maximum diameter of 8.6 mm. It weighs 13.3 g.



The probable Awl is a dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrason, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil has resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. 



A similar probable Awl has been recorded on the PAS database as WMID-B6A4E7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.3,,8.6,,77.1,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,East Midlands,Derbyshire,South Derbyshire,Netherseal,SK2814,From finder,52.72292934,-1.58687523,WMID-C5771D,,WMIDC5771D.jpg,Probable Bronze Age: Probable Awl,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDC5771D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1099405.jpg
1000440,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"An incomplete cast copper alloy tanged spearhead of Early Bronze Age (Arreton industry) date (1700-1500 BC). The blade, although missing its tip, is lanceolate in shape (being broadly triangular in plan). There is a pronounced central spine on both faces which is triangular in form having a wide base at the tang that narrows to the tip of the spear. To either side of the spine is a low rib that is flanked by a shallow concave channel. Finally, the edges of the blade are heavily damaged by corrosion. The long and thin tang in broadly rectangular in cross-section with rounded corners, the end of the tang is truncated as a result of corrosion. 



The following is taken from record DUR-2372A1



This form of spearhead is relatively rare with only 47 examples recorded in the recent volume British Bronze Age Spearheads (Davis 2012). This form of spearhead corresponds with Davis's (2017) Group I form and of Arreton Down metalworking dating to the latest part of the Early Bronze Age, (Early Bronze Age III) which correspondes to Needham's (1996) Period 4 dated c. 1700 - 1500BC and Burgess's Metalworking stage VII. Two similar examples of Arreton metalworking tradition spearheads are recorded on the PAS database from Penllyn, Vale of Glamorgan (NMGW-0BF252) and Shalfleet, Isle of Wight (IOW-221956).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-31T23:00:00Z,2019-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,40.73,,,6,127,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Weston-in-Gordano,ST4375,From finder,51.47107959,-2.82202882,GLO-DA912A,,GLODA912A.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLODA912A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1099570.jpg
1000709,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A copper alloy Middle Bronze Age palstave of South Western type dating to the Taunton/Penard phase (c. 1400 - 1100 BC).



The blade is slightly damaged at both corners, giving it a slightly triangular, truncated appearance, as opposed to its original flaring design. It is now 40.9mm wide at the blade. From this wide point, the blade tapers and becomes more slender and rectilinear, with a marked raised central rib on both faces. This rib is damaged, but the scar indicating its presence is visible where the raised rib itself is missing. It measures 8.2mm wide, and is 60.4mm in length. This rib joins the thickened stop, which is rounded in cross section, akin to two plano-convex shapes adhered to one another at the central point. The stop is 24.2mm wide, and 28.5mm thick. The septum, which is 53.4mm in length, continues to taper from the stop, with the channel between its two raised sides markedly rounded in appearance, with a rounded end where it joins the stop. One of these sides is badly damaged and almost missing. However, when viewed from the side, these two sides create a triangular shape which tapers to its narrowest angle at the butt. The butt is damaged. Possible casting lines are visible, suggesting the palstave may have been unfinished when it was deposited. 



Matt Knight has commented on a similar example: ""Palstaves of this type are typically found across Cornwall, Devon and Somerset, as well as further eastwards in Dorset and Wiltshire. One particularly comparable example is a single find from Ashburton, Devon (Pearce 1983, 432-3, No.184, pl.23), though examples with varying decorations are also present in several hoards from Somerset (e.g. Sherford, Taunton Union Workhouse and Edington Burtle).""



Measurements: 154.8mm length, 40.9mm width, 28.9mm thickness, weight 359g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-01T23:00:00Z,2020-01-07T00:00:00Z,,,359,,,28.9,154.8,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,Devon,Teignbridge,Dawlish,SX9678,From finder,50.59243443,-3.47063698,DEV-054D5E,,DEV054D5E.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV054D5E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1100130.jpg
1001585,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A fragment of a blade, possibly from a dirk or rapier, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1500-1200 BC.



The fragment is sub-triangular in shape, and is from near the point of the blade. It is broken just at the tip, and where the blade would have continued to the hilt. It is lozengiform in cross section, but the central midrib is markedly higher on one side than another, which is near flattened. The surface is now pitted and a dark greenish black in colour. 



DOR-772FCD is a similar example on the database, as is NARC-DFA5EB.



Measurements: 24.1mm length,  19.9mm width, 7.9mm thickness, weight 11.8g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-10T23:00:00Z,,,,11.8,,,7.9,24.1,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,Dorset,Purbeck,Affpuddle and Turnerspuddle,SY8292,From finder,50.72733735,-2.25638689,DEV-0C1D15,,DEV0C1D15.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV0C1D15.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1101296.jpg
1001587,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"A copper alloy flat axehead of Migdale type, dating to the Early Bronze Age, c. 2200-2000 BC.



The axehead has a long slender butt, tapering gently to the flared blade. It is rectangular in cross section, although the blade narrows to its original cutting surface. It appears undecorated but the surface is pitted and marked across the dark green shiny patina. There is a small area on one side near the blade which has decayed in a different manner, and is now a far brighter green and much more corroded, although there are no signs of bronze disease or ongoing decay. 



It is similar to CORN-68C636, the record for which states that:



Similar slender flat axeheads with straight-sided butt ends can be seen in records CORN-6C605C, DENO-93FB17, SUR-E3F467, LANCUM-6507C2, and SOMDOR-C71623 on the database.



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 (c.2350-2050 cal BC).... 



Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015: 87, no. 3, 11, 213) illustrate the latest slender Migdale type of flat axes to be recorded in the South West from Boscastle in Cornwall, Bishop's Tawton in Devon and Burton in Dorset.""



Measurements: 83.1mm length, 29.9mm width (blade), 14.9mm width (butt), 5.6mm thickness, weight 46.5g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,46.5,,,5.6,83.1,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,Devon,Mid Devon,Cullompton,SS9906,From finder,50.84467788,-3.43594251,DEV-0CAAEF,,DEV0CAAEF.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV0CAAEF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1101451.jpg
1002088,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,"A copper alloy axe blade fragment that would have had a wide curved blade, but now only one tip and part of the curving cutting edge remains. The remaining side of the blade is concave.   In total less than about 5% of the original artefacts remains.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-01T00:00:00Z,2020-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,4.15,,,5.5,13,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Colwall,SO7341,From finder,52.06670792,-2.39528408,GLO-822C7A,,GLO822C7A.JPG,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO822C7A.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1102560.jpg
1002793,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1400,"An incomplete copper alloy Spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date (1550-1400 BC). The object is a side-looped spearhead. The retained portion is composed of the socket and side loops while the blade is missing due to an old abraded transverse break. 



The retained portion of the objected comprises a hollow cylinder which narrows toward the blade end. There is a split along the length of the shaft which is irregular and possibly due to miss casting. There is a casting seam on both sides of the object in line with side loops. 



Two side loops project from either side of the socket and there is a slight rib running on both upper and lower surfaces between 



Length: 39.02mm, Width: 14.95mm, Thickness: 2.02mm, Diameter (socket): 14.21mm, Diameter (blade end): 10.32mm, Weight: 11.3g



The metal is mid-green in colour with a slightly pitted patina. 



Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis' (1909) Class IV which they date to the early Middle Bronze Age. Davis (2012) has recently provided a more thorough typology of Bronze Age spearheads in Britain in which he dates side looped forms to The Acton Park Phase (1550-1400 cal BC) (Davis 2012: 108) with the suggestion that in some areas this use may be extended slightly into the Taunton Phase (Davis 2012: 108) (1400-1250 cal BC) their exact position in these periods being dependent on the form of the blade. This portion of the spear being missing a date of c. 1550 to 1400 cal BC is most appropriate (following Needham et al. 1997).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.3,,14.21,2.02,39.02,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Overstone,SP8065,From finder,52.27733699,-0.82885285,NARC-2C39A0,,NARC2C39A0.jpg,NARC-2C39A0 : Spearhead : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC2C39A0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1103078.jpg
1002966,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1550,350,"An incomplete piece of copper-alloy casting waste of middle Bronze Age to early Roman date, c.1550 BC – c.AD 350. It is likely to be from the neck (funnel / well) of a composite probably two part mould.



The object has an irregular sub-circular dished plate with the remains of two curved ovate jets projecting from one side. Both jets taper to faceted terminals which suggest they were cut transversely. A seam extends between the two jets.



The upper surface of the dished plate is pitted and rough. This surface is commonly seen where the metal is poured into the neck of the mould and shrinks on cooling. 



The metal has a dark brown patina and is worn. The object is 18.8mm long, 16.7mm wide, 3.4mm thick (11.1mm thick including jets) and weighs 4.9g.



Due to the lack of context and the continuation of casting styles this artefact could be dated from the Iron Age to Medieval period (c. 800 BC - AD 1500). Casting waste is difficult to date in isolation but the patina and form are suggestive of a Bronze Age - Roman date. The survival of casting waste in this period is relatively rare as it is usually recycled as a bi-product of casting.



Similar examples on the PAS database include LVPL-F7963B, LVPL-3AAD50 and HESH-B55DB1.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.9,,,3.4,18.8,1,Rebecca Griffiths,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,York,York,Askham Bryan,SE5548,Centred on field,53.9252217,-1.16394262,YORYM-951E52,,DSY0499.jpg,Bronze Age : Casting Waste,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/DSY0499.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1103343.jpg
1003286,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,A cast copper alloy fragment of the edge of the blade from a Bronze Age axehead of uncertain type. The fragment has a curved edge and a triangular cross section. It is 15.6mm in length and 5.3mm wide with a heavy blue-green patination.,,3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by a museum - not a Treasure case,Metal detector,1993-11-13T00:00:00Z,,,,0.7,,,3.2,15.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bramdean and Hinton Ampner,SU5928,Centred on field,51.04832779,-1.15969959,HAMP-CF893F,,HAMPCF893F.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPCF893F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1103846.jpg
1003430,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"Description: Penannular ring of probable Bronze Age date, probably from a composite ring. It is C-shaped in cross-section, with a convex outer and a concave interior. The width of the ring is very consistent but the two ends do not sit quite in line, as if the ring has been slightly bent out of shape. There is a c. 1.5mm gap between the two ends, one of which is slightly incurved and the other slightly outcurved, as if they once joined. The top and bottom edges are neat and parallel, but one is more highly polished than the other, which has a narrow roughened strip by its edge, perhaps keying for solder or perhaps the remains of gold solder.



Dimensions: Diameter 12.7mm, width of ring 5.3mm, thickness of ring 2.1 to 2.4mm, weight 2.8g. 



Discussion: Although penannular rings are well known Bronze Age finds, they normally have circular cross-sections, or sometimes D-shaped. C-shaped cross-sections are unusual, and are normally found on composite rings made from multiple bands soldered together; there is some evidence that this ring may once have been part of a soldered-together composite ring. Although the band widths on composite rings are usually much thinner than this example, the widest composite rings recorded on the PAS database are WILT-788C7B (2019T253) and ESS-71DFE4 (2014T169), where the individual bands are respectively almost 4mm wide, and 4.5mm wide. 



Date: Penannular rings belong to the middle Bronze Age, c. 1300-1150 BC.","As the object is made of more than 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old, it constitutes potential Treasure under the Treasure Act 1996.",3,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2018-03-01T00:00:00Z,2018-05-30T23:00:00Z,2020T369,,2.8,,12.7,2.4,,1,Helen Geake,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Caistor St. Edmund,TG2503,,52.57823439,1.31937422,NMS-E93EBA,,59730_E93EBA_BA_Ring.jpg,Bronze Age pennanular ring,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pjh41/59730_E93EBA_BA_Ring.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1110162.jpg
1003563,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2350,43,"An incomplete copper alloy unidentified object probably dating to the Bronze Age or Iron Age (c. 2350 BC to 43 AD). The object is roughly cross-shaped with a rectangular cross-section. All four points of the object terminate in worn breaks. The upper and lower faces of the object are flat and bear no traces of decoration. The object is very worn and has a light green patina. No comparable objects have been found on the PAS database to date. 



The overall dimensions are as follows: 62.11mm in length, 33.01mm in width, 9.49mm in thickness and 68.82g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,68.82,,,9.49,62.11,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Droitwich Spa,SO8962,Centred on parish,52.25605869,-2.16256827,WAW-2B4428,,WAW2B4428.jpg,An Unidentified Bronze Age Object,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WAW2B4428.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1112030.jpg
1003893,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1700,"A complete Early Bronze Age cast copper-alloy&nbsp;flat axehead, dating to 2350-1600 BC.&nbsp;

The axehead is convex on both the front and reverse, creating a pointed oval profile.&nbsp; In cross-section, the cutting edge and butt are also pointed oval, whilst the body is rectangular.&nbsp; The axe is narrowest at the butt and&nbsp;gradually expands into the body before widening abruptly to meet the cutting edge, which is curved with splayed outer sides.&nbsp; Overall, it has a&nbsp;yellowy-brown patina&nbsp;with green mottling and patches of dark red-brown.&nbsp; The axe has&nbsp;extensive pitting on all faces.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Measurments:&nbsp;length: 84.16mm, width of head: 47.92mm, width of terminal: 15.64mm, maximum thickness: 9.42mm, thickness of blade edge: 2.05mm, thickness of terminal edge: 1.47, weight: 96g.

Measurements recorded following Needham&nbsp; et al. (2017) would suggest this axehead fits classes 3f-4E. Of those illustrated by this text it most closely resembles a class 4c from.&nbsp;The axe is also comparable in form to the Class 4A-Caxes from the Brithdair metalwork assemblage (Rohl and Needham, 1998:123, fig. 24, no.31) and those from the Willerby metalwork assemblage (Rohl and Needham, 1998:125, fig.26, nos. 53, 58).&nbsp; This would place the axe in the period between 2100-1700 BC.&nbsp; Similar examples can be seen on the database:&nbsp;LANCUM-2BBD52, DENO-830FF8 and LANCUM-589F64.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-11-29T00:00:00Z,2019-11-29T00:00:00Z,,,96,,,9.42,84.16,1,,Alexandra Cobby,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Boarstall,SP6014,,51.82141145,-1.13088987,BUC-7DBE79,,BUC7DBE79.jpg,"A complete Early Bronze Age cast copper-alloy flat axehead, dating to 2350-1600 BC",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sashacobby/BUC7DBE79.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1105070.jpg
1004329,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-950,"A complete copper-alloy Middle Bronze Age late looped palstave axehead dating to the Wilburton Industry (Needham Period 6, 1150-950 BC). 



The body of the axhead is roughly sub-rectangular in shape before flattening and flaring outwards to form a wide rounded blade edge and blade tips with slight cutting bevel along the blade edge. A pronounced stop ridge divides the haft from the blade end. Below this the edges narrow slightly and both faces are decorated with three raised longitudinal ribs that extend approximately a third of the way along each of the blade faces. The haft comprises just under half the length of the axehead with pronounced raised edges on either side, sections of which are broken or damaged in palces, that widen in profile to join the stop ridge. The flanges and end of the butt are broken but would have formed an H-shape cross-section. The result is a broadly sub-lozenge-shape profile that expands at the stop-ridge and arrows along the length of the blade. The casting flashes extending along the centre of each side are pronounced at the butt end and visible on each side of the blade but are much more worn. The loop, bridging the stop-ridge on one side, is lozenge-shape in cross-section and sits in line with the casting flash that extends along its surface.



All surfaces of the axehead have a relatively consistent mid-green and brown patina.



The axe measures 140mm in length. The blade is 40mm wide and 1.8mm thick at the cutting edge. The stop is 23mm wide and 30.5mm at its thickest, and the butt is 22.2mm wide and 7.5mm thick. The entire object weighs 353 grams.



This palstave has features causing it to sit between several types. For example Schmidt and Burgess (1981: plate 59, no 815)  illustrate a similar example defined as a group 3 low flanged palstave sleaford type, which has a flared broader blade than this example, the short but narrow form is also similar to transtional types, although these tend to have plainer, if any decoration, while a very similar late example (plate 67 no.928) is identical albeit this example lack the diagnoasic projecting stop ridge typical of late palstaves. It maytherefore appropriate to suggest that this form may date from the as early as group 3 palstaves (c.1400 cal BC) into the Late Bronze Age wilburton period (1200-1000 cal BC) until a parallel within a hoard is identified. Rowlands (1976) does not illustrate any similar examples but focusses primairly on Middle bronze age forms which support a transtional/Late Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-11-02T00:00:00Z,2019-11-02T00:00:00Z,,,353,,,30.5,140,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Clifton Hampden,SU5395,GPS (from the finder),51.65130221,-1.23532693,BH-4CDE5E,,AxeHead.jpg,Middle Bronze Age late looped palstave axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/AxeHead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1106468.jpg
1004330,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A heavilly corroded copper alloy fragment from the blade of a dirk or rapier of Middle Bronze Age (c 1500-1100 BC) date. The fragment is 28mm in length and 22.5mm in width, with no evident midrib.","
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.8,,,,28,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Odiham,SU7251,From finder,51.25363072,-0.969681,SUR-4D0A7E,,SUR4D0A7E.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR4D0A7E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1105788.jpg
1004571,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"A complete later Middle Bronze Age (MBA II, c.1400 - 1200 BC) early Primary Phase palstave of Group III, with ornamented faces and a trident below the stop ridge. The palstave has a well developed stop with high flanges along the sides. The septum has three moulded parallel ridges within it. The blade is wedge-shaped, with straight sides and flares to approximately 70mm in width with a slightly curved cutting edge. Each face of the blade has a vertical rib running down the middle, forming a trident where it intersects with a semi-eliptical ornament below the stop.","This example is very similar to one from Harston, Cambridgeshire published in Evans (1881), p78, Fig 60. It probably belongs to the Taunton metalworking tradition, phase VIII / IX, which corresponds to Needham’s (1996) Period 5 1 (500-1150 CAL. BC).



Recorded from details emailed by the finder.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,416,,,,190,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Oving,SU9003,From finder,50.8195609,-0.72372648,SUR-7601FF,,SUR7601FFc.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR7601FFc.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1106029.jpg
1004629,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-800,"A copper alloy casting sprue, possibly of Bronze Age date. The sprue is an inverted sub-conical piece of copper alloy, with a wide, subrectangular break at the base. 



Length 34.7mm; Width 25.7mm; Thickness 18.4mm; weight 42.04g.","
Awaiting precise find spot from finder
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.04,,,18.4,34.7,1,Wil Partridge,Wil Partridge,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Breamore,,From finder,,,WILT-7BD4D4,,,,,,,
1005022,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy mid to late Bronze Age spearhead (c. 1500-800 BC). The fragment is a small part of the head and pointed, now worn and rounded, tip. It is lozenge-form in cross-section with a pronounced midrib extending longitudinally along the central axis of the body. The blades either side thin towards the worn rounded edges, and all of these, as well as the tip and broken lower edge, are damaged and abraded. There are some areas of lamination across the surfaces that have light-green patination but otherwise the rest of the surfaces are mid-green in colour.



The fragment measures 37.2mm in length, a maximum of 13.8mm in width and 6.5mm in thickness, and weighs 8.55 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-01T00:00:00Z,2019-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,8.55,,,6.5,37.2,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,South East,Buckinghamshire,Chiltern,Amersham,SU9896,From finder,51.65425724,-0.58477423,BH-F9DD6E,,BHF9DD6E.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BHF9DD6E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108766.jpg
1005588,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy axehead, probably a socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age period (c.1100-800BC).  



The object is trapezoidal in plan, triangular in profile and sub-rectangular in cross-section.  It is comprised of a small portion of the body that expands into a slightly flared crescentic blade, which retains a blunt but bevelled edge.  The front and back faces of the axehead are marginally convex, whereas the sides are flat.  



The axehead has a bright light green patina with extensive surface pitting.  At the broken end it has light brown corrosion, which creates a marked textural change on the object; small patches of this corrosion can also be seen on the front and back faces and also one side.



Similar in form to Rohl and Needham (1998:134), fig.36, no. E and OXON-C31839.



Dimensions: length: 37.47mm, width: 35.36 - 28.49mm, height: 13.67 - 29.95mm, weight: 61.38g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,61.38,13.67,,,37.47,1,Alexandra Cobby,Alexandra Cobby,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Boarhunt,SU5910,From finder,50.88648397,-1.16261373,BUC-9CB129,,BUC9CB129.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC9CB129.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1142275.jpg
1005592,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy blade, possibly from knife or dagger and likely dating to the middle-late Bronze Age period (c.1400-800BC).  



The object is triangular in plan and in cross-section forms a shallow triangle.  It consists of two portions: a pointed blade tip that widens into the remaining small portion of the body and a terminal end, formed by the body then narrowing to a short neck before expanding out to form a sub-circular terminal end; it is not discernable whether the neck and sub-circular terminal are designed features e.g. notches or due to extensive corrosion.  The reverse of the object is flat but the front has as central rib with a bevelled edge either side, which meet the long edges of the blade. 



The blade is dark grey in colour with patches of light grey and also a small amount of red patina.  It is very worn, particularly around the terminal portion and also has extensive surface pitting.  



Broadly similar to: BERK-AB297D, LIN-E29A32, SUR-D3C182.



Dimensions: total length: 51.10mm, width: 1.80 - 15.54mm, thickness: 2.69mm, weight: 5.87g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.87,,,2.69,51.1,1,Alexandra Cobby,Alexandra Cobby,South West,Devon,Teignbridge,Coffinswell,SX9067,From finder,50.49244747,-3.55212023,BUC-9D9F89,,BUC9D9F89.jpg,blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC9D9F89.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1142278.jpg
1005603,Barbed And Tanged Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1140,"A possible incomplete cast copper-alloy barbed and tanged arrowhead, likely dating to the Early to Middle Bronze Age period (c.1275-1140BC).



The object is comprised half of the arrowhead's body, the tang and one barb.  It has a convex front and a flat reverse, creating a broadly semi-circular profile, which suggests it was cast in a single-piece mould.  The long outer edge is rounded whereas the edge that runs between the tang and the barb is mitred, creating approximately a parallelogram shaped tang and sub-triangular shaped barb.



The arrowhead has extensive deep pitting over both faces but particularly on the reverse.  It is dark grey-green in colour with patches of white and red on both faces.



Broadly similar to: LEIC-13A0FE, ESS-A41D75, WMID-CE6A76, NARC-F9B223.



Dimensions: length: 32.00mm, width: 22.78mm, thickness: 4.18mm, weight: 2.59g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.59,,,4.18,32,1,Alexandra Cobby,Alexandra Cobby,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,Fenland,Wisbech,TF4306,From finder,52.63291814,0.11156998,BUC-9E58B4,,BUC9E5884.jpg,barbed and tanged arrowhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUC9E5884.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1142279.jpg
1005847,Finger Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,100,"A possible bronze age coiled/spiral finger ring. Similar object have been found and dated to the Bronze Age and Iron Age through to the Roman period. 



The object had a shiny dark green patina and it was clear to see the terminal ends had some etch decoration. It is circular and comprised of a single wire shaped into three coils. Unfortunately, over time out of the ground the patina has started to flake off very easily leaving what appears to be a tarnished and pitted finish in a lighter grey colour.



Similar records:



SUR-590F5D

SF-4497E7

SWYOR-50CC3C

PUBLIC-33D35F



Weight: 29.46g



Outer Diameter: 35mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-05-29T23:00:00Z,,,,29.46,,35,,,1,Darren White,Darren White,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Twyford and Thorpe,SK7210,Generated from computer mapping software,52.68292025,-0.93637859,PUBLIC-CE7C80,,IMG_4988.JPG,Bronze Age Finger Ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dazz666/IMG_4988.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1107655.jpg
1005934,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,"A strip of ribbon gold, dating to the Bronze Age c. 2200 - 800 BC. One side is covered with 14 parallel grooves running along its length, the other is undecorated. There is damage to one side at the mid point where the strip is buckled; both ends are cut. There are no piercings or evidence for fittings.



Length: 37.2mm; Width: 9.2mm; Thickness: 0.3mm; Weight: 1.1g.",The style of this object with its parallel linear ridges is typical of gold strips and ribbons of known and probable Bronze Age date. Examples from excavated contexts which could lend weight to this dating include an excavated example from Oxford found with a Beaker period flint scraper and pottery (Palmer 1980). Comparable finds recently also reported under the Treasure Act include IOW-CE16C7(2020T431)  and LVPL-954858 (2020 T120).,3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2020T447,,1.1,,,0.3,37.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Dummer,SU5946,From finder,51.21016697,-1.15675836,-SUR 55182.00,,SUR055182.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR055182.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1110538.jpg
1006016,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,450,"A copper-alloy casting jet or sprue dating from the Bronze Age to Roman period (c.1500 BC-AD 450). The object is roughly oval in plan and D-shape in cross-section. The edges are uneven and heavily abraded or broken in several places. An incomplete irregular and worn broken oval-sectioned spur extends from the base that is likely the lower section of two arms. All of the surfaces are pitted and have light grey patination.



The object measures 28.2mm long, 19.2mm wide and is 17.5mm high. It weighs 20.45 grams.



Casting waste is very hard to date in isolation, and piece like this could date from the Bronze Age to Roman period. The fact that this one comes to an oval broken edge may suggest that it was for casting a palstave or possibly a tool, and therefore most likely dates to the Middle Bronze Age. Such material is rare as it is was usually recycled swiftly as a bi-product of casting. The few similar objects on the Portable Antiquities Scheme include LVPL-3AAD50 and HESH-B55DB1.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-31T23:00:00Z,2019-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,20.45,17.5,,7.8,28.2,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Princes Risborough,SP7903,From finder,51.72017047,-0.85777765,BH-1B9F07,,BH1B9F07.jpg,Bronze Age to Roman casting waste or jet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH1B9F07.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108758.jpg
1006019,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,450,"An incomplete piece of copper-alloy casting waste of Middle Bronze Age to Roman date (c.1500 BC - 450 AD). The object has a broken, irregularly shaped, oval faced base that is triangular in cross-section and narrows towards the remains of a surviving oval-sectioned jet projecting on one side. The break is old and very worn. The jet is unevenly formed and has a broken terminal consisting of a worn break. The surfaces of the object are worn and lightly pitted in some areas: most heavily on the flat face. All the surfaces have a relatively even mid-green patina with several areas covered by blight brown deposition residue. 



The object measures 22mm in length, 16mm wide and 25.3mm high. It weighs 25.69 grams.



The object is likely to be from the neck (funnel / well) of a composite, probably two part, mould that formed when the metal was poured into the neck of the mould and shrunk upon cooling. Casting waste is very hard to date in isolation, and a piece with this patination could date from the Bronze Age to Roman period. The fact that this mould comes to an oval broken edge may suggest that it was for casting a palstave or possibly a tool, and therefore most likely dates to the Middle Bronze Age. Such material is rare as metals such as copper-alloy were usually recycled swiftly as a bi-product of casting.



Similar examples on the PAS database include LVPL-F7963B, DEV-8467F2, LVPL-3AAD50 and HESH-B55DB1.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-31T23:00:00Z,2019-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,20.45,17.5,,7.8,28.2,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Chrishall,TL4541,From finder,52.04842979,0.11307059,BH-1C222E,,BH1C222E.jpg,Middle Bronze Age to Roman casting waste or jet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH1C222E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108692.jpg
1006024,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1250,1500,"A complete cast copper-alloy awl of Middle Bronze Age to Medieval date (1250 BC to AD 1500). The awl is rectangular in cross-section and tapers to a blunt point one end and a flat chisel edge at the other. The surface has an even mid-brown patina.



It measures 52mm in length, a maximum of 3.2mm width and a maximum of 3.2mm thick at the midpoint. It weighs 3.89 grams.



Awls are difficult to date but most are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They are either circular or square in cross-section, undecorated and were used to make holes in leather and wood. Their form changes little from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods, several of which are recorded on the Portable Antiquities database: for example, HESH-1136D5, IOW-DA8A9A and WAW-8A40C7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-31T23:00:00Z,2019-11-30T00:00:00Z,,,3.89,,,3.2,52,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Bledlow-cum-Saunderton,SP7803,From finder,51.72031024,-0.87225084,BH-1C99CD,,BH1C99CD.jpg,Middle Bronze Age to Medieval awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH1C99CD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108689.jpg
1006105,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy Middle Bronze Age socketed spearhead, in two conjoining pieces, dating to the period 1500-1150 BC. The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade that tapers towards the tip and bevelled wings that gradually expand from the tip before tapering inwards towards the socketed shaft. The wing edges are very worn and damaged in several places, and a circular cross-sectional rib extends from tip to base. 



The shaft is broken where it connects to the head. It is broadly sub-conical in shape, being square in cross-section beneath the head before transitioning gradually to circular in cross-section as it increases in diameter towards the open-ended terminal. There are small loops either side of the shaft, each measuring 13mm in length and with perforations 3mm long. A circular hole perforates the body of the shaft next to one of the loops and there is a parallel semi-circular notch of damage extending into the lower edge of the socketed terminal.



The spear has an even dark-brown patina with small patches of green where pitting occurs across both faces of the blade and the body of the socket.



The spear, when conjoined, measures 79mm in length. The blade is 16mm wide, a maximum of 7mm thick at the axial ridge and 1.2mm thick along the blade edge. The socketed shaft is 7.5mm wide and thick underneath the head. The socketed terminal is 15.6mm diameter and 1.8mm thick.



This looped spearhead is part of the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions and is dated to the Middle Bronze Age between c. 1500 - 1150BC. The several similar spearheads of this type recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database includes IOW-E56A3F from Calbourne on the Isle of Wight, and BH-FB08EE from Cople, Bedford.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-01-01T00:00:00Z,2019-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,24.46,,15.6,7,79,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,South East,Buckinghamshire,Chiltern,Chenies,TQ0398,From finder,51.67134075,-0.51193437,BH-33B8C2,,BH33B8C2.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH33B8C2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1110997.jpg
1006222,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-2200,"Early Bronze Age copper flat axehead, c. 2400 – 2200BC



The cast flat axe is fragmentary, represented by a butt fragment (with a surviving length of 63.4mm and a weight of 160.6g) and would have been from a large axe. The butt is wide and straight (with a width of 50.3mm and a thickness of 4mm). The sides of the axe were near-straight as far as the break and are gradually divergent (with a maximum width at the break of 58.7mm where the axe has a maximum thickness of 8.8mm). The sides are slightly rounded across their depths, producing a sub-rectangular body section. The axe faces are flat across both their lengths and widths, gradually becoming thicker but with no suggestion of a median bevel or similar feature. 



The surface has a mid-dark brown coarse corrosion with some pale-green corrosion products, possibly indicating copper rather than bronze. 



The axe form is broad butted and is likely to have been a large example. The axe has few developed features but the thinned butt would perhaps suggest an axe of Type Growtown, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p. 23). The fragmentary condition of the axe makes its exact typological identification using Needham’s (2017) classification uncertain. However the suggested copper metallurgy and wide but thinned butt would suggest a lenticular long-profile and indicate a Class 2 axe and the wide, straight butt would indicate a Class 2A or 2B axe. Chalcolithic axes of Class 2 A / B can be dated to Period 1, c. 2400 – 2200BC and are amongst some of the earliest metal objects recorded from Wales.  



A study by Needham (2017) listed four axes of Class 2A or B from Wales and the marches, from Shropshire, Flintshire and Powys. This example represents the most south-westerly of the small number of recorded finds.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,160.6,,,8.8,63.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,Llanarthney,SN5118,,51.84066855,-4.16420494,NMGW-48018B,,NMWPA201957copy.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/NMWPA201957copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108133.jpg
1006300,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-1800,"A Bronze age possible blade probably dating to the early Bronze Age, circa 2300 – 1800 BC.



The object is broadly an inverted triangle in form with a narrowed and rounded point. The object is lozenge shaped in profile. The upper terminal is broken. The object has a very pitted and worn dark green coloured patina. 



The object is similar in form to WMID-7F26FA which was discovered in Shropshire. 



The object measures 48.9 mm in length, 12.4 mm in width, 4.8 mm in thickness and weighs 10.8 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.8,,,4.8,48.9,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Kinver,SO8582,From finder,52.43576525,-2.22206733,WMID-502F76,,WMID502F76.jpg,Bronze age possible blade (front and reverse),Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMID502F76.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108194.jpg
1006333,Votive Model,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-500,"A complete Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age copper alloy votive model of a miniature wheel dated to c. 1000-500 BC.



The wheel is circular in plan and D-shaped in cross section with each elements of the wheel (its spokes, rim and centre) being convex on the front and flat on the back. The wheel has a trapezoidal shaped 'axel' from which four spokes radiate, narrowing as they do, before joining the outer rim. The holes between each of the axel are sub-oval, almost pointed ovals. There is a circular perforation in the centre of the axle (c.3.0mm diameter) this shows little sign of ware.



The wheel has a dark brown patina with some thicker patches of dark green patina.



The wheel is 20.3mm in diameter, 2.0mm thick and weighs 2.37 grams



There are a growing number of examples of votive wheels on the database. Particularly similar examples to this object include GLO-E82DE1, KENT-9348EE, KENT-70F063, SF-987EE3 and NMS-1CDC66. However,  SWYOR-0B3992, whose additional hole may suggest it was a pastry jigger, and NLM-B563BC, which has an Iron axel suggesting it is the wheel for a toy cannon, demonstrate that such a form is shared by artefacts of other dates and purposes. Later Prehistoric examples can also take different forms including three spokes (e.g. SOM-C30265) or be more bulbous (e.g. HESH-C53CF4).  



A tin example of a wheel, not dissimilar to this example, has been found at Flag Fen (Pryor 2001: 272-273, No.154) which cites parallels found in Late Bronze Age contexts in Switzerland (Pryor 2001: 291). A further example of this type is held by the British Museum (accession No. 1989,0601.21) found in an Iron Age Hoard while a more bulbous example is held by the British Museum (Accession NO. 1864,0501.11). This is part of the Hounslow Hoard – (which may be two separate hoards) which also contained Late Bronze Age and Iron Age artefacts.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-31T23:00:00Z,2020-02-20T00:00:00Z,,,2.37,,20.3,2,,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Kintbury,SU3672,Centred on field,51.44585096,-1.48338061,OXON-5C8F8B,,OXON5C8F8B.jpg,Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age  Votive wheel,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON5C8F8B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108221.jpg
1006462,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,"A heavily worn fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead dating to c.1300-700 cal BC.C.



The fragment is the blade end of a socketed axehead. In plan the fragment is almost D-shaped with a curved blade edge and sides which narrow slightly from this before ending at a very worn transverse break. The cross section at this  break is rectangular, bulging slightly at the waist. while in profile the axehead is more triangular, it narrowing evenly from the break to the blade edge. There is no trace of the socket at the broken end.



The metal has a pale green patina for the internal metal; at the surface it is a darker green-brown in colour and is delaminating.



The fragment is 34mm long, 33mm wide, 11mm thick and weighs 35.39 grams.



The fragment represents part of the blade end of a rectangular bodied socketed axe. The lack of diagnostic features prevents a more exact type or parallel for the its form being cited however Socketed Bronze Age Axe are believed to date from the middle of the Middle Bronze Age (c.1300 cal BC) to the Earliest Iron Age (c.700/600cal BC) This has been found c.250m from another fragment of a socketed axehead OXON-02FD97.","
This find was recorded by images and information provided by the finder, not seen by the FLO.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-31T23:00:00Z,2020-06-07T23:00:00Z,,,35.39,,,11,34,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Horspath,SP5904,Centred on field,51.73161733,-1.14709278,OXON-9D6AC3,,OXON9D6AC3.jpg,Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON9D6AC3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1108412.jpg
1006977,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy axehead, of Mid to Late Bronze Age dating (1600 BC to 800 BC).



Less than 25% of the axehead is present, consisting of the base of the socket and the blade edge. The fragment is sub rectangular in shape, and triangular in cross section. The socket is rectangular in shape. Casting ridges are present along one of the sides. The blade edge is rounded and expands out at the sides. The blade edge is damaged.



The axehead fragment measures 23.5 mm in length, 34.8 mm wide (at the blade), 31.2 mm wide (at the body), 10.5 mm thick (at the body), 3.6 mm thick (at the blade edge). It weighs 34.0 g.



The axehead is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.



Not enough of the axehead is present to determine whether it is the tip of a socketed axehead, a palstave or a flat axehead. Therefore a broad date range has been suggested.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-30T23:00:00Z,2019-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,34,,,10.5,23.5,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Bidford-on-Avon,SP1150,Centred on field,52.1481791,-1.84065755,WMID-3415A5,,WMID3415A5.jpg,Mid to late Bronze Age: Palstave or Axehead fragment,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID3415A5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1109156.jpg
1007031,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1100,"An incomplete, copper alloy barbed and tanged arrowhead, probably of middle or late Bronze Age date, about 1300 BC -  1100 BC. The blade is lozenge shaped in cross-section with a prominent midrib on one side: the midrib on the other side is less prominent. Both taper towards the point, which has broken away and is missing. The broken end at the point is lozenge shaped in cross-section and the tang is rectangular in cross-section and flat. The tip of one of the barbs is also missing. The surviving barb has a curved outer edge. The arrowhead is 54.8mm long, 25.4mm wide and3.9mm thick. It weighs9.67g.



Compare NMS-105598 which notes that: ""A bronze arrowhead from the Penard hoard (a secure Bronze Age of c. 1275-1140 BC), was discussed in Archaeologica 71 (p. 138), where it was suggested that although the barbed and tanged form was used in flint from the Early Bronze Age to the Middle Bronze Age, copper alloy arrowheads did not come into fashion until later in the Middle Bronze Age."" Compare also WILT-807272 and DOR-969968.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-01T00:00:00Z,2020-01-29T00:00:00Z,,,9.67,,,3.9,54.8,1,Jack Coulthard,Amy Downes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Temple Bruer with Temple High Grange,TF0153,Generated from computer mapping software,53.06470705,-0.4942102,SWYOR-453A2D,,SWYOR453A2D.jpg,Medieval arrowhead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/phil17/SWYOR453A2D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1110170.jpg
1007107,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A cast copper alloy fragment comprising the butt end of a side-looped palstave axehead dating to the middle Bronze Age (1500-1100 BC). The fragment is 54mm in length, with a flat central section, flanked with tapering parallel ridges along each side which give it an H-shaped cross section. Part of the tapering end of an integrally cast side loop remains at the break on one side.","
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,70.7,,,18,54,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bishops Waltham,SU5415,From finder,50.93192988,-1.23294938,SUR-58B042,,SUR58B042.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR58B042.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1109322.jpg
1007183,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"
An incomplete and heavily abraded copper alloy Thorndon type socketed knife dating to the late Bronze Age. The socket has a flattened oval cross section and has broken across the central part, probably around a pair of opposed rivet holes. The blade tapers from the socket and has a lenticular cross section. The tip is missing.
","The form of this knife fits with the Thorndon-type which were first classified by Hodges (1956) and can be broadly dated to the Ewart Park metalworking phase (c.900-800 BC). These knives are often found in Late Bronze Age hoards associated with a variety of material and have a wide distribution across Britain. See SUR-5680D4 for a more complete example.



Recorded from details emailed by the finder.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20,,,8,40,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Buckinghamshire,South Bucks,Burnham,SU9487,From finder,51.57404063,-0.64498872,SUR-6ED446,,SUR6ED446.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR6ED446.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1109416.jpg
1007290,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age sword blade broken, not recently, at both ends. The midribs are strongly convex and delineated by grooves. Extant length 36.5. Width 36.6mm. Thickness 8.2mm. Weight 38g. c.1000 - c.701 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-03-09T00:00:00Z,2020-03-09T00:00:00Z,,,38,,,8.2,36.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Shouldham,TF6808,GPS (from the finder),52.64372579,0.48164437,NMS-8B1E0C,,61420_8B1E0C_BA_Sword.jpg,Fragment of late  BA sword,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/61420_8B1E0C_BA_Sword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1114857.jpg
1007487,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1150,"A fragment of an incomplete gold band or ribbon of rectangular shape, now in two pieces, of Bronze Age date (2100 BC - 1150 BC).



Description: The parallel sided strip of gold has twelve (possibly thirteen) embossed longitudinal lines visible on both faces, giving a corrugated effect. Both ends appear to be breaks, and the strip has broken into two pieces post-recovery. Both long edges are folded making a thicker edge. About 2.6mm - 2.8mm of the sheet is folded over on each edge. This flange is damaged and partially missing on one long edge, and partially unfolded. There is some modern damage on the outer face of the larger piece, in the form of transverse scratches across the face. The whole object is bent and creased and was probably more crumpled when first found, the modern break appearing to be along a previous fold. 



The finder took the object to be tested by a jeweller who reports that it is 20ct and 5g. Short piece: 29.9mm long, 14.2mm wide, 1.3mm thick as folded. The sheet is 0.3mm thick. Larger piece: 47.6mm long, 14.7mm wide, 0.6mm thick as folded. The sheet is 0.4mm thick. 



Discussion: Several ribbons of Bronze Age date have been previously reported as Treasure. Many of these have incised decoration on one face only, rather than the ribbed and corrugated effect seen on this piece. An example is WAW-C0C0B3 (2007 T672) which is published as number 38 on page 47 and 303 of the 2007 Treasure Annual Report.



Examples with embossed linear decoration include WMID-3CBCF0 (2013 T471) for which the record by Teresa Gilmore and Neil Wilkin notes that ""Similar multi-grooved strips of a Bronze Age date are known from throughout Britain including in the British Museum collection from Flixton, Yorkshire (2004,0904.1a-b, Treasure Annual Report 2003, 16. no. 2) and Ravencliff Cave, Derbyshire (British Museum 1906,1224.1-2) as well as recent finds such as Ansley, Warwickshire and West Acre Norfolk (Treasure Annual Report 2007, 47-48) [this is mentioned above and is only decorated on one side]. A very similar strip from Sproxton, North Yorkshire is recorded on the PAS database as LVPL-83FE92 [2010 T664]. There is also a similar grooved strip from The Hamel, Oxford, Oxfordshire excavated from a layer which yielded Beaker pottery of the Early Bronze Age (Palmer 1980, 124-134). Similar narrow embossed strips are known from the pommels of daggers accompanying Early Bronze Age burials in Scotland (Henshall 1968, 173-95; Hardaker 1974, 21-23. fig 6.; Taylor 1980, fig 28a-f) but not however comparable to gold dagger fittings in contemporary burials southern England."". Another similar examples is WMID-FE3C28 (2016 T1039).



The embossed rather than incised decoration makes an early Bronze Age date seem more likely, but a date in the middle to late Bronze Age cannot be entirely discounted.","This object is made of precious metal and is more than 300 years old, so it appears to meet the requirements of the 1996 Treasure Act.",4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2020-04-30T23:00:00Z,2020-05-30T23:00:00Z,2020T516,,5,,,1.3,76.5,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Askern,SE5713,Generated from computer mapping software,53.6104616,-1.13994135,SWYOR-DBF058,,SWYORDBF058UnknownUnidentifiedObjectikw.jpg,SWYOR-DBF058 Unknown Unidentified Object,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYORDBF058UnknownUnidentifiedObjectikw.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1120891.jpg
1007535,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed knife of Thorndon Type and of Ewart Park metalworking, corresponding with Needham’s Period 7, dated to c. 950-750BC



The cast knife is near-complete, but in two fragments, broken across the slightly distorted blade (with a distorted length of 134.4mm and a weight of 37.7g). The socket has a sub-oval mouth (21.8mm x 12.7mm external, 17.6mm x 10.0mm and 33.2mm deep) and has gently concave, waisted sides (with a minimum width of 18.6mm). The socket faces are gradually convergent towards the blade and have two perforations to secure handle, the upper perforation is central and larger (at 5.1mm – 5.9mm diameter) and the lower is towards one side, smaller and somewhat irregular on one face (at 4.4mm – 6.5mm) and may be a secondary attachment attempt. One side of the socket sides has a sub-linear opening (18.8mm long 2.5mm – 5.2mm wide), probably a casting flaw. The socket and the blade have a near-linear junction, helping to define the knife as Thorndon type. The blade is both widest and thickest beneath the socket (with a width and thickness of 19.9mm and 4.2mm respectively and a minimum thickness above the tip of 0.8mm). The edges are convergent and concave below the socket (for 18mm) before being straight and gently convergent until just above the tip (14mm). The blade has a flattened midsection (8.8mm wide at the socket and 3.2mm wide above the tip), flanked by gently concave blade facets and giving a hexagonal blade section.  Both blade edges have considerable damage and nicks, all of which have patinated surfaces, suggesting, they may be contemporary with the use of the knife, or may have occurred post deposition but some time ago. The blade has a shallow S-shaped bend, at the top and mid blade, which is likely to have resulted in the break. The surface on one face is heavily-pitted around both the bend and break. The surface has a pale to mid green patina with no clear evidence for sharpening striations on the blade edge. 



Thorndon Socketed knives have a distribution perceived as being concentrated in Southern England. As of 2006, there were seven recorded socketed knives of Thorndon type know from south- western Britain, and specifically Wales (Gwilt, 2006, p 54)[1] , with a largely North Wales distribution and with only one outlier in South Wales, recovered within the St Nicholas hoard from the Vale of Glamorgan. Since then a hoard from Glascoed in Monmouthshire also contained a fragment of a Thorndon type socketed knife and another two examples have been recorded with PAS[2] from Bridgend and Newport in South Wales. There are no examples recorded with PAS from Gloucestershire at the time of writing. The Thorndon type knives from the South Wales hoards are associated with Ewart Park metalworking but both hoards also contain an element of the Carp’s Tongue complex.



The two fragments were found approximately 3.5m apart and were at a depth of approximately 0.12m, seemingly within ploughsoil and separated by the plough.





[1] [1] Gwilt, A., 2006; A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevalyn Farm, Rossett, Wrexham; Studia Celtica; The Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies XXXIX 2005



[2] NMGW 2011.146.1, 2017.87.1",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,37.7,,,,134.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Adelle Bricking,South West,Gloucestershire,Cotswold,Ashley,ST9394,,51.64475359,-2.10256122,NMGW-EEAB28,,NMWPA2019151copy.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/NMWPA2019151copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1109992.jpg
1007587,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An small fragment from the socket of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, dating c. 1150 to  750 cal BC. Less than 25% of the socketed axehead is present, and consists of part of the mouth. The rest is missing, presumed lost in antiquity,



The mouth has a rolled rim followed by a transverse collar made of two concave depressed region divided by a slightly expanded collar.  The fragment is very work on all ages suggesting it was broken in antiquity. The inside of the socket has several linear scratches and the entire object has a light green patina.



The fragment is 30mm long, 23mm wide, 6.5mm thick and weighs 14.38 grams.



Too little is present of this socketed axehead to determine what type it was, but it is definitely of Late Bronze Age dating c. 1150 cal BC to c. 750 BC. This has been found c.250m from another fragment of an axehead OXON-9D6AC3.","
This find was recorded by images and information provided by the finder, not seen by the FLO.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-31T23:00:00Z,2020-06-07T23:00:00Z,,,6.59,,,6.5,30,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Horspath,SP5804,From finder,51.73172149,-1.16157089,OXON-02FD97,,OXON02FD97.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON02FD97.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1110060.jpg
1007610,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe of South Wales (Stogursey) type and of Ewart Park Metalworking Industry, dated to c. 1000-700BC

The axehead is complete (with an overall length of 97.0mm and a weight of 261.8g). The mouth is sub-rectangular (52.3mm long and 43.7 wide) and the four casting runner stubs are evident and raised, positioned on the inner lip of the mouth. There is some damage around one of the runner stubs, with a crack which extends down the face (for 17mm). The socket is rectangular (34.3mm x 30.5.0mm and 71.3mm deep).&nbsp; The mouth moulding has a rounded step (6mm &ndash; 7mm long) well-defined on one face, with a prominent step to the face. The oval sectioned loop springs from the moulding (5mm wide, 6mm thick and 35mm long), enclosing a D-shaped loop (15.9mm x 6.5mm). The sides are gently concave with a minimum width below the loop (40.0mm) before widening to a moderately expanded blade edge (52.3mm wide). The blade edge survives and is gently curved at the centre before curving out to the blade tips. There are a series of nicks at the blade edge, mostly in the central area and appear to be beneath the patina. One side has some damage, which has cut through the patina. The casting seams are prominent and raised (up to 2mm high) but have been neatly finished. The sides are slightly bevelled towards the central seam but are comparatively straight for the type, producing a near-rectangular body section. Both faces are decorated with three near-parallel ribs, which extend a little over half the length of the face (for 55mm). The ribs on one face are interrupted and poorly cast. The edges of the faces appear slightly developed to resemble weak ribs. The faces are gently convex across both their lengths and widths, with one face being more convex in both plains than the other and there are no blade facets. There is the suggestion of sharpening striations running off the blade. The blades on both faces have a marked colour difference to the remainder of the faces (12mm from the edge). The axe has a black patination, probably of tenorite, as observed on other contemporary axes. The pale-green patination on the blade end, suggests that the tenorite was removed during the axe finishing. The probable tenorite is also evident over the top of the runner stubs. Numerous small hammer facets are also evident on the blades, below the ends of the ribs. 

The socketed axe is typical of the South Wales (Stogursey) Type, although the near-rectangular body section is a little unusual. The clear patination difference on the end of the blade is of interest to the research informing the deliberate colouring of Late Bronze Age metalwork.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,261.8,,,,97,1,,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Pont-y-Clun,ST0580,,51.5109127,-3.3703334,NMGW-07EA87,,201919copy1.jpg,Bronze Age South Wales type Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/201919copy1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1110105.jpg
1007813,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2150,400,"A fragment of a copper alloy bracelet or arm ring, of late Prehistoric date (Bronze Age to Roman period) and with an internal diameter of 51.6mm. Around half of the bracelet remains; this has a sub-triangular cross section of 6.3mm by 5.7mm with a rounded interior surface and bevelled sides. Both ends of the fragment have old breaks.",,4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by a museum - not a Treasure case,Metal detector,,,,,19.29,,63.4,6.3,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Tichborne,SU5527,Centred on field,51.03973263,-1.21690804,HAMP-702C57,,HAMP702C57.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP702C57.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1110428.jpg
1007873,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-750,"An incomplete, small, copper alloy blade. Possibly cut down from a larger blade such as a dirk. The blade is tapering and rounded at both ends. It has flattened cutting edges along both sides and a low central ridge. The hilt is missing and the end has been re-shaped.

Date: Middle to Late Bronze Age 0 c. 1400 to 750 BC

Dimensions: 84.24 mm x 12.66 mm x 2.98 mm

Weight: 12.23 g



Peter Reavill (2020 pers com) suggestes this may be a dirk blade, perhaps repurposed as a knife.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.23,,,2.98,84.24,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Portesham,SY6386,From finder,50.67248022,-2.52496504,DOR-84864A,,84864A.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze age blade,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/84864A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1137819.jpg
1007932,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-750,"An incomplete copper alloy palstave axehead. The object is adze-like, with a sloping blade. The hafting end is missing leaving only a crudely cast and unfinished flaring blade. The cutting edge is blunt and damaged at the corners. The remainder of the butt end tapers to a square cross-sectioned break with traces of indentations forming stop lines on both faces.

Date: Middle Bronze Age - c. 1400 - 750 BC

Dimensions: 77.70 mm x 40.99 mm x 23.45 mm

Weight: 161.65 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,161.65,,,23.46,77.7,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Sutton Mandeville,ST9729,GPS (from the finder),51.0603302,-2.04418415,DOR-9603F3,,9603F3.jpg,Middle Bronze Age axehead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/9603F3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1117463.jpg
1008028,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"Bronze Age tanged chisel of Late Bronze Age date, probably of Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking industry, corresponding with Needham’s (1996) Periods 6-7, dated to c. 1150 – 750BC



The cast chisel is near-complete with a slightly distorted tang (with a length of 50.8mm and a weight of 15.9g). The tang (32.6mm long) is square to rectangular sectioned gradually narrowing to the end (6mm square at the collar and 3.0mm x 1.4mm at the end). There is a perpendicular step to the collar (2mm deep) of sub-oval form (11.1mm long and 9.3mm wide) and narrows below the flanged shoulder (with a minimum width of 7.8mm). The sides of the blade are curved and divergent to the slightly damaged blade tips and the blade edge is near-straight, curved at the ends (giving a blade width of 20.5mm). The original blade edge has been lost with no definite evidence for differential wear across the blade edge. The blade faces are near-flat and thin gradually towards the edge (with a thickness of 7mm below the shoulder and 0.8mm above the edge) and with no evidence for blade facets. There are striations beneath the patina on both faces, running both along the blade and up the blade. The surface is pitted with a mid-green patina and areas of surface loss. 



Tanged and collared chisels typically date from the Late Bronze Age to Earliest Iron Age. An example dating to the Wilburton/Wallington phase is known from Doncaster, Yorkshire (Burgess 1968, 19, fig 7,2; Burgess, Coombs and Davies, 1972, 217), though the many may be dated to the Ewart Park phase (c.950-700 BC) and into the subsequent Llyn Fawr period (c.700-600 BC).



Tanged and collared chisels have a broad distribution across northern France, Britain and Ireland (see Coffyn et al. 1981, 202-203, Carte 7), though there are relatively few examples from western England and Wales. A very similar example with a thick collar and triangular blade can be seen in the large Ewart Park phase Nottingham Hill hoard, Gloucestershire (Gingell 1974, 308, fig 4,22), as well as a single find from Leigh Woods, Bristol (MacGregor 1987, 109, 11.65). Another example was found at Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No 288.3) associated with a socketed gouge and a fragmentary Hallstatt 'C' sword.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,15.9,,,7,50.8,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Bremhill,ST9875,,51.47395858,-2.03018701,NMGW-E96F08,,NMWPA201926.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/NMWPA201926.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1110779.jpg
1008175,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1000,"Middle to Late Bronze Age socketed axehead of uncertain type, possibly related to Type Wallington (Schmidt &amp; Burgess, 1980, p. 175-6)[1] of Wilburton Wallington metalworking dated to c. 1300 &ndash; 1000BC

The cast axehead is complete (with a length of 102.6mm and a weight of 242.2g). The interior of the mouth is oval (27.2mm x 190mm) and the top irregular with the suggestion of four-runner casting. The exterior of the mouth is sub-rectangular (39.6mm x 27.5mm) with a prominent rounded mouth moulding or collar (3mm &ndash; 6mm thick and 10mm -13mm long) and has a noticeable shelf on the sides. The corners of the moulding are noticeably angular. The loop (19.4mm long, 11.0mm high and 7.0mm wide) springs from the base of the moulding. The sides of the axe are straight and near-parallel on their upper half and flat across the depths, producing a rectangular body section to the axe. The lower half of the axe sides are divergent, with the unlooped side being near-straight and the looped side gently concave. The flattened casting seams are evident on both sides and are both off-centre. The axe is widest across the expanded blade (with a blade width of 46.8mm) and has a moderate curvature (6mm deep).&nbsp; The faces are near-flat across their widths and convergent but convex across their lengths with no blade facets or ribs present. The surface is corroded with a rough corrosion product and dark-green patina. There is a clear discernible black surface beneath the corrosion on the upper two-thirds of the axe, probably tenorite.

The interior of the socket has at least two small fragments of copper alloy wedged at its base. One fragment appears to be plate bronze and may be an axe wall fragment or similar, the other fragment below is thicker with a right-angled corner, possibly a blade.&nbsp;&nbsp; 

The axe appears to share some characteristics of early socketed axes, principally it&rsquo;s slender rectangular body section, mouth moulding and parallel sides. This axe also has some more developed features, such as the expanded blade with divergent sides above the blade. The angular corners of the moulding may be seen as similar to Amorican axes of Llyn Fawr metalworking but the mouth is clearly not of front-back form. An early, Wallington is possible but a later Ewart Park (c. 1000 &ndash; 700BC) date is perhaps more likely. 


[1] Schmidt, P.K. &amp; Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Pra&auml;historische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,242.2,,,,102.6,1,,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llantwit Major,SS9966,,51.38402983,-3.45276331,NMGW-08CD35,,Untitled.jpg,Bronze Age Socketed Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/Untitled.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1111443.jpg
1008200,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,1500,"
A highly corroded cast copper alloy object of hemi-spherical shape. The alloy appears to have a high lead content. The shape suggests an origin in an open crucible rather than a mould.



Possibly a small late Bronze Age bun ingot - alternatively, a piece of casting waste of potentially later date. 
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,71.45,,,17.2,38.1,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Waverley,Bramley,TQ0139,From finder,51.14136874,-0.5576277,-SUR 142655.00,,SUR142655.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR142655.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1111014.jpg
1008407,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A tip of a copper alloy blade, probably from a dirk or sword of middle to late Bronze Age date (c 1500 - 800 BC). The fragment is 47.9 mm in length and triangular in shape. The blade has a flat cross-section with only a small rounded midrib evident. Corrosion has caused surface loss across both sides.",,4,Copper alloy,,Acquired by a museum - not a Treasure case,Metal detector,,,,,9.7,,,3.7,47.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Cheriton,SU5526,Centred on field,51.03074128,-1.21705953,HAMP-42FBC6,,HAMP42FBC6.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP42FBC6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1111155.jpg
1008608,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze age copper alloy awl. It has an elongated eliptical shape, and consists of a square-sectioned, copper alloy spike which tapers at both ends. Both ends are slightly damaged.  It may be the blade of a hand tool (missing its handle).  The object is in fair condition, is 41mm long, 4mm wide, 4mm thick and weighs 2.61g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,2.61,,,4,41,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Frisby on the Wreake,SK7116,GPS (from the finder),52.73698059,-0.94987459,LEIC-9B34A2,,CAD2944c.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Phil Harding,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD2944c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1111417.jpg
1008700,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete late Bronze Age gold plated penannular ring, dating to 1150 - 800BC. The ring is circular in shape and in cross section, with two flat terminals. Between the terminals is copper alloy corrosion, suggesting that the main body of the ring is copper alloy plated with gold. One of the terminals is damaged, with the surface cracked and partly missing showing the inside of the ring.  The surface of the ring is a light yellow gold colour, with slightly darker stripes running across the ring in bands. 



Dimensions:

Length: 15.8 mm

Width: 15.2 mm

Thickness: 5.2 mm

Weight: 3.75 g



Discussion: Penannular rings are not uncommon finds reported Treasure and recorded on the PAS database. Other examples featuring similar ‘tiger striped’ decoration include: 2019 T1091 (HAMP-BE4072) and 2020 T780 (NLM-59A99B). The report and PAS database record for 2020 T77 (OXON-FFD016) notes that ring “appears similar to a class of artefact which have in the past been given various terms such as 'hair-rings' (Eogan 1997) and other monikers such as ‘Ring Money’ (Green 1988) which are now no longer supported (Taylor 1980, 65; Varndell 2001). Their function remains uncertain (Varndell 2001, 516), although it is likely that they were personal adornments (Hobbs 2003 opinion cited, 102-107), possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange”.","In terms of age and as the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.



Author: Arwen Wood, Finds Liaison Officer for Buckinghamshire

Contribution by: Ian Richardson, Senior Treasure Registrar, British Museum             



References: 

Eogan, G. 1997. ‘Hair-rings’ and European Late Bronze Age society. Antiquity, 71(272), 308-320.

Green, H. S., 1988. A find of Bronze Age"" ring-money"" from Graianog, Llanllyfni, Gwynedd. The bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 35, 87-91

Hobbs, R. 2003. Treasure: finding our past. London: The British Museum Press.

Taylor, J.J. 1980. Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Varndell, G. 2001. Ringing the Changes: when terminology matters. Antiquity 75,  515-516.",4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2018-07-14T23:00:00Z,2018-07-14T23:00:00Z,2020T565,,3.75,,,5.2,15.8,1,Arwen Wood,Arwen Wood,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Sturry,TR1962,From finder,51.31494295,1.14119628,BUC-AD669C,,BUCAD669C.jpg,Bronze Age Penannular Ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCAD669C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1144631.jpg
1008707,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Corroded fragment of copper alloy late Bronze Age looped socketed axehead. The probable oval-shaped mouth is missing, as is one face almost to the base of the socket. Approximately half of a loop survives on the lower side. The body has slight traces of casting flash and some post-removal witness marks survive. The nominally 23mm wide parallel shape of the body flares at it's lower end to form the blade and cutting edge which estimates to 33mm wide. The surface is pock-marked with evidence of a rich brown patina breaking down to active blue-green corrosion. Probably a plain South-Eastern type class A1 and dateable to the Ewart Park phase circa 1000-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-03-20T00:00:00Z,2018-03-20T00:00:00Z,,,63.4,,,,64,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Caistor St. Edmund,TG2503,GPS (from the finder),52.57823439,1.31937422,NMS-B36E56,,P1080825.JPG,Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/P1080825.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1111511.jpg
1008710,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1150,801,"A complete copper-alloy awl of probable late Bronze Age date (c. 1150-800 BC). The awl is square in cross section along most of its length, and tapers to a circular cross-sectioned point at one terminal. At the other terminal it flattens to become rectangular in cross-section, before ending in a chisel-shaped terminal. This end exhibits pitted corrosion, whilst the rest of the awl has a smooth green patina on the surface. It is undecorated.



The awl measures 91.94mm in length, 3.85mm in thickness at its mid-point, 1mm in thickness at its chisel-shaped terminal and weighs 7.31g.



Cf. OXON-C4D536 on the database which states: Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). Awls are generally considered to be Later Bronze Age in date (c.1600-800 cal BC) however, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.31,,,3.85,91.94,1,Denise Wilding,Denise Wilding,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Broad Chalke,SU0223,,51.00638245,-1.97286895,WILT-BC913A,,WILTBC913A.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/denisewilding/WILTBC913A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1111612.jpg
1008816,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,"A complete gold artefact of Bronze Age date. It comprises a crumpled strip of sheet or ribbon gold around 63.7mm in length, decorated with around 10 parallel ridges running along its length across one side; the reverse is undecorated. There is a partial tear across the mid section, probably from post depositional damage. The object has a rounded terminal with a ragged pierced oval hole. The other end of the object tapers into a narrow square-sectioned hook which curves under the plate and ends up 2mm wide. The surface of this terminal is smooth and undecorated, with the ridged decoration stopping short of it.  



Length: 63.7mm; Width: 9.8mm; Thickness: 0.3mm; Weight: 3.5g.","This appears to be a flattened item of personal adornment, originally secured in a loop using the hook and piercing and perhaps used as an earring, or finger ring. The presence of these features places this example into a less common group of Bronze Age ribbon gold artefacts found with fittings. Eogan (1994) has categorised these objects as ‘Tress’-rings, including them in his discussion of gold working in the mid to late Bronze Age. More generally, there are a range of comparable ribbon gold ornaments known from the duration of the Bronze Age, particularly from the 'ornament horizon' of the Taunton and Penard phases of the Middle Bronze Age (Roberts 2007).  This object also however finds parallels in its form within the earlier Bronze Age sheet gold tradition and an excavated example found in Oxford in a sealed alluvial deposit along with a Beaker period flint scraper and pottery (Palmer 1980) suggests that an early Bronze Age date for this type of artefact is entirely possible. A number of similar objects have been reported as potential Treasure and are recorded on the PAS database, including HAMP-B9814B (2018T700), SUR-DE6DF2 (2017T644) and BH-1BE953 (2014T901).",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2020-07-30T23:00:00Z,,2020T581,,3.5,,,0.3,63.7,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Tangley,SU3252,From finder,51.26626234,-1.54272791,HAMP-0FCEE9,,HAMP0FCEE9.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP0FCEE9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1111965.jpg
1008904,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-750,"A complete gold penannular bar bracelet, dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1400BC-750BC).

Description:&nbsp;The bracelet is composed of a cylindrical bar, curved to create a sub-oval shape in plan. The terminals of the bar are slightly expanded and, from the photograph,&nbsp;appear sub-circular in section with short, incised linear decoration.

Dimensions: length: 101.5mm, width: 58mm, weight:113.4g (dimensions approximate and taken from photograph, weight provided by the finder).

Discussion: &nbsp;At the time of recording, this object appears to be the first Bronze Age gold bar bracelet, from Buckinghamshire, to be reported to the PAS scheme.&nbsp; Three comparable bracelets, but with slightly more expanded terminals, were discovered as part of a hoard (PAS-833958) in Milton Keynes, which was Late Bronze Age&nbsp;(c.1150BC-800BC).&nbsp; This hoard was processed as treasure and acquired by the British Museum (Treasure No.: PEE69; accession no.: 2002,0701).&nbsp;&nbsp;Other comparable examples recorded on the database, including: NARC-10B4B1 (2019 T1165; Late Bronze Age, c.1150BC-800BC) and three further bracelets found as part of a hoard (BERK-6870F5/6863E4/6863E4; 2004T348; Middle Bronze Age, c.1300BC-1100BC).&nbsp; Two similar bracelets can also be seen in the&nbsp;British Museum&#39;s collection: 1824,K/Armilla.17 (East Sussex, Middle to Late Bronze Age c.1400BC-750BC) and 1857,0627.4 (Ireland, Late Bronze Age c. 1150BC-750BC).

Conclusion:&nbsp;Consequently, in terms of age and the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.",Photographs kindly provided by the finder due to COVID-19 restrictions.,4,Gold,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-08-01T00:00:00Z,2020-08-01T00:00:00Z,2020T590,,113.4,,,,101.5,1,,Alexandra Cobby,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Quainton,SP7120,,51.87406119,-0.9700912,BUC-26FC86,,P1060904.jpg,Gold Bracelet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/P1060904.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1144633.jpg
1009028,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
Copper alloy socketed spearhead fragment that dates to the middle to late Bronze Age. This is the tip of the spearhead and has a pronounced spine running down its centre that is circular in cross-section, this is flanked by thin blades that taper to a fine point, but which are both heavily damaged. The rear of the spear is truncated resulting in the loss of the socket and rear section of the blades.
",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-07-31T23:00:00Z,2019-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,9.34,,,7,46,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Stroud,Stinchcombe,SO7300,From finder,51.69809078,-2.39206207,GLO-517BD0,,GLO517BD0.JPG,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO517BD0.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1112029.jpg
1009087,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"
A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe that consists of the blade and the base of the socket. The blade has a very low curved forward edge which is heavily corroded and truncated at one end. Behind the blade the surface of the axe is heavily pitted with corrosion and leads to the base of the socket which is surrounded by an ancient and irregular break.  
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-07-31T23:00:00Z,2019-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,30.13,,,11,21,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Scarborough,Goathland,NZ8200,From finder,54.38889093,-0.73875005,GLO-556E05,,GLO556E05.JPG,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO556E05.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1112131.jpg
1009299,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1700,"A cast copper alloy Bronze Age axehead, of flat type, dating from the Early Bronze Age (c. 2200-1700 BC). The axehead is 94.3mm in length and flares into a curved and splayed cutting edge 42.5mm wide which has some areas of recent damage. The axe has a rectangular cross section and a slightly lenticular side profile. There is no surface decoration.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,100.57,,,12.5,94.3,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Stoughton,SU8013,From finder,50.91093363,-0.86347147,HAMP-BB6CC4,,HAMPBB6CC4.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPBB6CC4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1112407.jpg
1009449,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,400,"A copper alloy tool, possibly an awl, scriber or a stylus. The tool is 56mm in length, with a flat wedge-shaped terminal and square sectioned body with lenticular side profile. The body tapers along its length into a pointed terminal with circular cross section, which has been bent.","Plain copper alloy awls and scribing tools are hard to date precisely but are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most examples being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC). The combination of a pointed tip and a spatulate terminal on this object suggests that it could alternatively be a stylus of Roman date.



Recorded from details emailed by the finder.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.7,,,,56,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Chilcomb,SU4929,From finder,51.05825747,-1.30220905,SUR-E40F07,,SURE40F07.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURE40F07.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1112730.jpg
1010372,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,950,750,"A cast bronze (copper alloy) faceted socketed axe of late Bronze Age date (950 &ndash; 750&nbsp;BC). The axe is relatively short and stubby and is known as &lsquo;baggy axe&rsquo;. 

The axe is sub-rectangular in plan with concave sides and a flared convex cutting edge. The mouth of the socket is broadly oval. The mouth of the socket has a moulded collar, although some of the original surface is missing. Visible on one side only below the collar are two moulded ribs as decoration. At the base of the collar, on one edge are the remains of a loop. All that remains now of the loop are two circular incomplete projections with well-developed patinas. 

The two long sides of the axe are concave at the centre before expanding to a crescent shaped blade. The casting seams are visible on both long edges.&nbsp;The expanded blade has a curved convex (crescent shaped) cutting edge, although much of the original surface has been lost from abrasion and corrosion. Therefore it is difficult to establish how well used and worn the original blade edge was in antiquity.

The socketed axe head has a dark brown coloured patina across all surfaces with some areas of active corrosion around the socket. There are many areas where the original surface has been lost especially around the blade and on the socket mouth. There is no evidence of organic residue within the socket of the axe. 

Thanks are given to Peter Reavill for his help in identifying this type of axe. He has recorded a similar example discovered in Shropshire (HESH-07A7E3) Here he explains the parallels&hellip;.

These axes have been discovered in associated with the late Wilburton metalworking traditions (phase XI) and the Ewart Park tradition (phase XII). This corresponds to Needham&rsquo;s (1996) Period 6-7 circa 1000-700 CAL.&nbsp;BC. This axe is of a type which is known as Type Gillespie, which Burgess and Schmidt suggest is associated with later Wilburton metalworking traditions (phase XI) and Ewart Park tradition (phase XII). They are also discovered in Ireland and are associated with the Dowris tradition. It has been suggested that this form of facet axe continues production into the Llyn Fawr tradition (which is the transitional period between the metalwork of the Bronze and Iron Ages). Similar axes have been illustrated in Burgess and Schmidt and the best parallels are cat no 1101 Kilkerran, Scotland, 1109 Graham&rsquo;s Mount, and 1112 Hatton, Angus. A more local example can be seen in the Savory Welsh catalogue from a small hoard of axes discovered at Llandaff, Glamorganshire (cat no 282). This Welsh axe had been analysed and the metal content was comparable with axes from the second phase of the Late Bronze Age (LBA&nbsp;II) which Savory dates 750-600&nbsp;BC&nbsp;but would actually be better described as Ewart Park 950-750&nbsp;BC.

The axe measures 77.8 mm length, 49.7 mm width, is 40.2 mm thick, the thickness of the walls of the axe measure 6.8 mm on one side and 6.4 mm on the other. It weighs 191.9 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,191.9,,,40.2,77.8,1,,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Staffordshire Moorlands,Alton,SK0641,,52.96632952,-1.91211471,WMID-249A43,,WMID249A43.jpg,"Bronze Age Axe (front, profile, back, profile, blade edge and socket edge)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMID249A43.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1116072.jpg
1010813,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-800,"A cast copper-alloy axe blade fragment of unknown type, dating to the Bronze Age (2350-800BC). 



The fragment is sub-triangular in plan and cross-section.  There is a faint casting line on the side of the fragment and the remains of the cutting edge is gently curved with a slightly splayed outer edge.  Overall, the fragment is dark green with patches of lighter green patina and surface pitting. 



Broadly comparable to GLO-822C7A.



Dimensions: length: 17.52mm, width: 28.11mm, maximum thickness: 7.01mm, thickness at blade: 1.77mm, weight: 10.14g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-27T23:00:00Z,2019-09-27T23:00:00Z,,,10.14,,,7.01,17.52,1,Alexandra Cobby,Alexandra Cobby,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Drayton,SU4795,From finder,51.65183463,-1.32204496,BUC-B9DB38,,BUCB9DB38.jpg,Bronze Age blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ajames/BUCB9DB38.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1162116.jpg
1010922,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-850,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy / bronze ribbed socketed axe of later Bronze Age / Ewart Park date (c. 950-800 BC). 



Description: The axehead is relatively robust with a square shaped mouth and relatively straight sides which expand at each end. The blade ends expands to a short cutting edge. The mouth of the axehead is fairly worn but appears to be poorly finished with casting flash seam lines still prominent along the sides and continuing down the body of the axehead towards the blade edge. The mouth moulding / collar around the mouth is swollen with a prominent bulbous or convex external ridge. Beneath this is a slight transverse moulded rib which extends across both faces and sides and is aligned with the upper edge of the side loop. The side loop is relatively small and wide being set in a tight position beneath the collar in line with this horizontal rib. The loop is D shaped in cross section.



On the front and rear faces of the axe, six parallel longitudinal ribs descend from the lower edge horizontal rib. The ribs are complete on one side and terminate in blunt points halfway along thebody. One wide face near the socket is incomplete having been broken in antiquity. The external edges of the axe are also slightly raised giving the impression of six descending ribs. The cutting edge is also straight and may have been heavily reworked. Overall the axehead has a mid-green patina towards the blade and dark grey-green towards the socket particularly on the sides. Most damage seems to have been heavily patinated indicating it occurred in antiquity. 



Measurements: 100.82mm long, 43.75mm wide (including loop, collared mouth 39.53mm wide), 27.3mm thick and 178.88g in weight. 



Discussion: The axehead dates to the Ewart Park phase of the late Bronze Age 950 - 750 BC and due to the straight sides the date range may also fit with Bronze - Iron Age transition period known as Llyn Fawr which extends the date range to c. 650 BC. Needham (1996) period 7-8 Metalworking stage XII - XIII.  The form roughly fits the South-Eastern types illustrated in Schmidt & Burgess (1981). However the ribbed decoration, a feature of the later types of socketed axehead mark it out as a ribbed variant. See: PUBLIC-CEED5D for a similar type.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,178.88,,,27.3,100.82,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Eythorne,TR2649,GPS (from the finder),51.19550078,1.23327042,KENT-FBF4F5,,KENTFBF4F5.jpg,Sompting Axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTFBF4F5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1115768.jpg
1010974,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An incomplete copper alloy Dagger or Dirk of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1300 BC) Group II dirk. The object is composed of a triangular blade which tapers to a point and is lenticular in cross sections due to a broad mid-rib. The butt end is flat D-shaped butt-end with a crescentic notch to either side - the result of worn-through rivet holes. The butt-end also has a crescentic notch which appears intentional, also to accommodate a rivet



Length: 66.77mm, Width: 20.76mm, Thickness: 3.34mm, Weight: 12.8g



This example falls into Burgess and Gerloff's group II, 'dirks with damaged or ill-formed blades modified for rehafting'



The metal is dark green in colour with a slightly pitted patina and areas of lighter green corrosion. 



Similar examples of group II dirks have been recorded on the PAS database as WILT-B91985, BH-C79921, SF-E9C52D and WILT-530139. See also examples published in formal literature (Burgess, C. and Gerloff, S. 1981. The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland. Praehistorische Bronzefunde, IV, 7. Muenchen). The short nature of many dirks belonging to this group suggests that they were manufactured from fragments of larger blades.



Reference: Burgess, C. and Gerloff, S. 1981. The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland. Praehistorische Bronzefunde, IV, 7. Muenchen.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.8,,,3.34,66.77,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Great Faringdon,SU3094,From finder,51.64400445,-1.56784403,NARC-0969D3,,NARC0969D3.jpg,NARC-0969D3 : Dagger : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC0969D3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1115795.jpg
1011026,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1500,"A complete copper-alloy miniature flat axehead of early Bronze Age date, c.2150 - 1500 BC. 



The axehead is sub-trapezoidal with a curved blade tapering to a rounded cutting edge. The axe has a narrow, thinning butt with moderately concave sides. It is undecorated. The metal has a dark green/brown patina and is worn.



The axehead is 46.31 mm long, 14.15 mm wide tapering to 6.40 mm wide, 2.88 mm thick and weighs 5.75g.



This object is too small to have functioned as an axe and current archaeological thinking suggests they played a role in votive/ritual practices or functioned as amulets. Despite the obvious lack of contemporaneity, those modelled on later Bronze Age axe types, socketed and looped, have been found in secure Iron Age and Roman contexts.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,,5.75,,,2.88,46.31,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Cammeringham,SK9681,GPS (From FLO),53.31723699,-0.56039678,LIN-0BCEC7,,LIN0BCEC7.jpg,Axehead - complete copper-alloy miniature flat axehead of early Bronze Age date,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/LIN0BCEC7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130290.jpg
1011090,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy tanged chisel dating to the late Bronze Age (c. 1150 - 800 BC). The chisel has a tang with a rectangular cross section most of which has been lost from an old break at a transverse collar with the blade. This collar is 11.5mm wide and sub rectangular in cross-section. The blade itself is triangular in shape, expanding from a narrow neck, 10.6mm wide and flaring outwards to become 24mm wide at the curved cutting edge. The blade tapers in thickness to the cutting edge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.69,,,6,36.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Taverham,TG1615,From finder,52.68958972,1.19461337,SUR-1ED2C5,,SUR1ED2C5.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR1ED2C5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1116148.jpg
1011189,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"Copper alloy tip of a Bronze Age spearhead. Approximately 35mm of the triangular-shaped tip survives extending back to the extremity of the internal socket, as the central depression from this is extant in the transverse fracture face. In section the much eroded narrow blade wings flank a pronounced circular midrib. The surface of the spear tip has a dark brown to green patina, heavily pock-marked by corrosion pits. Where the patina survives it is marked by parallel longitudinal surface striations, which given their regular nature are most likely from the original finishing process. The fragment is too fragmentary to classify but is probably mid to late Bronze Age circa 1550-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-20T00:00:00Z,2019-01-20T00:00:00Z,,,9.79,,,8,35,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0782,,52.39685663,1.04109525,NMS-327D03,,63988_327D03_BA_Spear.jpg,Mid to late Bronze Age spear tip,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/63988_327D03_BA_Spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1116016.jpg
1011317,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe that consists of the blade and the base of the socket. The break is ancient and irregular. The blade has a very low curved forward edge which is heavily corroded. Behind the blade the surface of the axe is in excellent condition on one side only, this still retains its original surface which has a dark green patina.  The opposite side is heavily corroded resulting is a light green pitted and powdery surface, the sides of the axe are similarly corroded.  The socket at the rear is oval 33mm long by 7mm wide and 13mm deep.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-01T00:00:00Z,2020-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,81,,,16,34,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,South Gloucestershire,South Gloucestershire,Westerleigh,ST6882,From finder,51.53598915,-2.4627549,GLO-38B47B,,GLO38B47B.JPG,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO38B47B.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1116102.jpg
1011337,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,A cast copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age axe of socketed type measuring 30.0mm by 38.6mm. The fragment comprises the blade tip which flares out into a curved cutting edge. The axehead has a hollow centre and most of the original surface has been lost. Circa late Bronze Age (c. 1000 BC to 800 BC).,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2015-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,45.9,,,10.6,30,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Chichester,SU8606,From finder,50.84713936,-0.77979351,SUR-48B9B5,,SUR48B9B5.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR48B9B5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1116313.jpg
1011414,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1275,"A complete decorated copper-alloy annular bracelet / arm-ring of Liss-type,  92.1mm in diameter, which has a flattened circular cross section, 18.7mm wide by 15.3mm thick. The ring has an internal diameter of 60.5mm. The exterior surface is decorated with incised or engraved panels with complex geometric decoration. Half of the hoop is decorated with a long panel of incised basket weave style pattern comprising oblique groups of nine lines interleaved alternately. This pattern terminates on one end with a panel of transverse lines and at the other end with a panel of diamond shapes. These each meet a panel of seven parallel strips of herringbone pattern running in line with the circumference which in turn bound a central panel comprised of two bands of nine parallel transverse lines either side of a narrow band of short parallel lines. This appears to be a focal point for the decorative scheme, perhaps suggesting an orientation to the bracelet in terms of its intended presentation.The decorative panels are bound on either side by a flattened internal margin of herringbone pattern running around the inner edge on both sides. 



The surface of the object has suffered extensive damage due to post depositional corrosion and was found firmly embedded into clay.","Incised (Liss-type) bracelets in copper alloy are not common finds. They are known from the Taunton phase (1,400 -1,200 BC) of the Bronze Age onwards, mainly from Southern Britain. These bracelets concentrate in the southern counties of Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset and West Sussex and examples are also known from Suffolk and Norfolk. Incised decorated bracelets form part of a North European tradition, which has led to the suggestion that the examples from southern England may be imported from northern France, although this theory has been questioned (O'Connor 1980).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,425,,92.1,15.3,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Harting,SU8020,From finder,50.97386751,-0.86193627,HAMP-86DD8A,,HAMP86DD8Aa.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP86DD8Aa.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1116720.jpg
1011705,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A Bronze Age metalworker’s hoard comprising four objects. These were found very close together, in three discrete locations across a linear distance of 1.6m, with findspots 50cm and 110cm apart respectively.

The objects comprise:





1)    An incomplete socketed axehead with a single side loop. The tip is missing from what appears to be an ancient break. The socket is irregular in shape, somewhere between sub-rectangular and sub trapezoidal with a thick moulded rim. The cross section of the blade is rectangular at the break; the sides are parallel, suggesting that the cutting edge was relatively narrow.





Length: 101mm; width: 48mm; thickness: 32.7mm; weight: 240.82g.





2)    A fragment of the butt end of a palstave axehead. The corroded remnants of flanges are present on both sides, suggesting it was a long-flanged type; the cross section is H shaped with flat faces between the flanged sides.





Length: 40.6mm; width: 26.6mm; thickness: 13.6mm; weight: 46.42g.





3)    Two fragments of plano-convex copper alloy “bun” ingots: 56.6mm by 46.5mm by 24.8mm, 292.18g; 54.6mm by 55.4mm by 21.2mm, 226.11g. Both are square in plan, with one curved and one flat face and a wedge-shaped side profile.","These objects are all heavily corroded as a result of deposition in acidic greensand soils. The socketed axehead is a typically later Bronze Age type (c 1150 - 600 BC), whilst the flanged palstave is more typical of the middle Bronze Age (c 1500-1100 BC), but is also a common type of inclusion in later mixed assemblages. The bun ingots, with characteristically plano convex surfaces suggesting an origin in a bowl furnace, are also typically a product of the later Bronze Age and are often found in hoards with axeheads such as these and other implements. Due to the degraded nature of the break edges it impossible to say whether these ingot fragments belong to one or multiple ingots.  

The very close proximity of the findspots and overlapping date ranges of the finds strongly suggests that they were originally deposited as a coherent group. The composition of the assemblage is suggestive of a metalworker’s hoard, with the mixture of socketed axehead and copper ingots seen here being most common in the Ewart Park phase of the later Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC).",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2020-06-06T23:00:00Z,,2020T781,,,,,,,4,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shere,TQ0849,From finder,51.22997929,-0.45460018,SUR-C8315D,,SURC8315D_palstave2.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURC8315D_palstave2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1124176.jpg
1011724,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1200,750,"A fragment of a copper alloy Bronze Age socketed spear (spearhead) of Late Bronze Age date, circa 1200 - 750 BC. The spearhead fragment is broadly sub-triangular in plan and lozenge shaped in cross section. The terminal of the blade has a rounded and damaged tip. The object is damaged at the opposing terminal which exposes a circular shaped socket. The spearhead is hollow which would have allowed it to be hafted onto a wooden shaft. The spearhead has a pronounced midrib which extends longitudinally along the central axis of the object.The edges of the blade are abraded and the spearhead has a well developed green coloured patina which has a smooth finish and is abraded in places. 



The fragment measures  42.2 mm in length, a maximum of 22.9 mm in width and  7.9 mm in thickness, and weighs 10.8 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.8,,,7.9,42.2,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Acton Trussell and Bednall,SJ9419,From finder,52.76856114,-2.09036732,WMID-CADEF7,,WMIDCADEF7detail.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead socket,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMIDCADEF7detail.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1117174.jpg
1011949,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-750,-800,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy / bronze ribbed socketed axe of later Bronze Age / Ewart Park date (c. 950-750 BC).



Description: The axehead has relatively straight sides which expand towards the base to form a neat cutting edge. The blade edge has a nick out of one corner but is relatively complete and short typical of the type. The axehead is fairly worn but appears to be poorly finished with casting flash and seam lines still prominent along the sides. The section of the socketed axehead towards the socket is mostly missing, this appears to have occurred prior to the loop and rim of the mouth. It has a dark grey-green patination.



Measurements: The Axehead measures 56.8mm by 28.7mm by 16.1mm and weighs 82.78g.



Discussion: The axehead dates to the Ewart Park phase of the late Bronze Age 950 - 750 BC and due to the straight sides the date range may also fit with Bronze - Iron Age transition period known as Llyn Fawr which extends the date range to c. 650 BC. Needham (1996) period 7-8 Metalworking stage XII - XIII.  The form roughly fits the South-Eastern types illustrated in Schmidt & Burgess (1981).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-09-05T23:00:00Z,,,,82.78,,,16.1,56.8,1,Mat Honeysett,Mat Honeysett,South East,Kent,Dover,Eythorne,TR2749,Generated from computer mapping software,51.19510472,1.24755845,PUBLIC-1E42D1,,PUBLIC1E42D1.jpg,,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/PUBLIC1E42D1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1117909.jpg
1012158,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2350,42,"Unidentified iron object of probable Iron Age date (800BC - AD42). The object is flat on both sides with three fairly straight edges and one edge with two small rounded 'bumps' and a larger rounded corner. There are two breaks on the long edge with a small semi-circular shape which suggests a piercing through the object. The shortest edge has no breaks along it but the opposite end is broken as is the top edge of the large rounded corner. There are no breaks along the side with the small rounded bumps.



Length: 65.88mm, Width: 34.09mm (widest point), Thickness: 7mm, Weight: 65.30g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-27T00:00:00Z,,,,65.3,,,7,65.88,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Speen,SU4569,From finder,51.41823615,-1.3542664,BERK-491AE1,,BERK491AE1.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK491AE1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1117980.jpg
1012305,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1250,1500,"A complete  Bronze Age to Medieval copper alloy awl dating to c1250 BC-AD 1500. It has a rectangular cross-section and one half tapers from the centre towards a chisel shape end, while the other half, with a slightly more rounded section, tapers towards a pointed end. It is in good condition, has a dark grey-green colour and a prominent casting seam along both sides of its length. Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age and they have barely changed throughout the centuries. They were used as leather and wood working tools.



cf NLM-48A4AA, DOR-03E430, IOW-DA8A9A.



Dimensions: 57.25mm in length; 3.3mm in width; weight 4.8g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.8,1,,,57.25,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chilmark,ST9635,,51.11427649,-2.05852178,WILT-710D5C,,WILT710D5C.jpg,Bronze age awl,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/denisewilding/WILT710D5C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1118625.jpg
1012311,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A late Bronze Age hoard, dating to c. 1000 - 800 BC. Consisting of:
Three socketed axeheads (Ewart&nbsp;Park Phase)
Large spear, in four fragments
Two sword blade fragments
One large ring
3 large bun&nbsp;ingots
25 Medium ingot fragments&nbsp;
4 small ingot fragments
Axes
1. A complete socketed axe.&nbsp;
L: 105.58 mm, W: 57.98 mm, T: 4.68 mm, W: 296 g
2. A complete Meldreth facted axehead.
L: 98.84 mm, W: 51.78 mm, T: 4.29 mm, W: 157.96 g
3. An incomplete axehead, deliberately broken, bit and body remaining.
L: 81.92 mm, W: 43.83 mm, T: 16.38 mm, W: 178.76 g
4. Fragment of axe socket?
L: 48.36 mm, W: 19.11 mm, T: 2.82 mm, W: 9.29 g

Sword/Blade Fragments
5. Small fragment of blade
L: 34.84 mm, W: 42.55 mm, T: 6.64 mm, W: 39.94 g
6: Small fragment of blade
L: 27.79 mm, W: 37.26 mm, T: 7.26 mm, W: 32.91 g

Ring
7. Ring shaped object&nbsp;
Diameter: 60.21 mm, inner circle diameter: 25.47 mm, T: 2.18 mm, W: 33.51 g

Spearhead (complete in four fragments)
8. Spear tip
L: 89.67 mm, W: 31.84 mm, T: 13.39 mm, W: 65.23 g
9: Secondary fragment
L: 78.51 mm, W: 51.74 mm, T: 17.26, W: 114.82 g
10. Third fragment (Lower half of the spear)
L: 99.47 mm, W: 56.41 mm, T: 20.37 mm, W: 176.66 g
11: Spear socket
L: 91.15 mm, W: 39.67 mm, T: 28.77 mm, W: 87.21 g
Cake/Bun Ingots
12. D: 145.58 mm, T: 28.76 mm, W: 2319 g
13. D: 150.25 mm, T: 31.35 mm, W: 2539 g
14. D: 99.51 mm, T: 28.62 mm, W: 1076 g
Ingot Fragments:&nbsp;
15. L: 87.47 mm, W: 71.12 mm, T: 31.25 mm, W: 649 g
16. L: 93.89 mm, W: 66.17 mm, T: 30.49 mm, W:&nbsp;732 g
17. L: 70.73 mm, W: 54.46&nbsp;mm, T: 26.13 mm, W: 362 g
18. L: 114.93 mm, W: 97.37 mm T: 34.89 mm, W: 1205 g
19: L: 82.14 mm, W: 62.39 mm, T: 28.67 mm, W: 504 g
20. L: 118.41 mm, W: 91.44 mm, T: 25.13 mm, W: 1275 g
21. L: 102.47 mm, W: 65.49 mm, T: 25.79 mm, W: 473 g
22. L: 79 mm, W: 57.73 mm, T: 33.87 mm W: 500 g
23. L: 80.65 mm, W: 81.11 mm, T: 29.95 mm, W: 689 g
24 L: 92.64 mm, W: 59.28 mm, T: 27.18 mm, W: 573 g
25. L: 63.83 mm, W: 63.81 mm, T: 31.49 mm, W: 420 g
26. L: 65.85 mm, W: 63.81 mm, T: 30.22 mm, W: 512 g
27. L: 58.01 mm, W: 48.57 mm, T: 33.75 mm, W: 405 g
28. L: 88.61 mm, W: 70.22 mm, T: 35.35 mm, W: 629 g
29. L: 67.65 mm, W: 49.71 mm T: 35.21 mm, W: 558 g
30. L: 84.16 mm, W: 64.16 mm, T: 30.21 mm, W: 691 g
31. L: 67.74 mm, W: 65.18 mm, T: 24.63 mm, W: 407 g
32. L: 66.46 mm, W: 65.18 mm, T: 28.79 mm W: 409 g
33. L: 62.73 mm, W: 45.97 mm, T: 31.70 mm, W: 288 g
34. L: 66.37 mm, W: 57.81 mm, T: 27.09 mm, W: 367 g
35. L: 62.41 mm,&nbsp;W: 59.88 mm, T: 25.55 mm, W: 321 g
36. L: 63.33 mm, W: 58.99 mm,&nbsp;T: 30.15 mm, W: 299 g
37. L: 69.67 mm, W: 79.60 mm, T: 28.65 mm, W: 332 g
38. L: 50.54 mm, W: 49.89 mm, T: 21.59 mm, W: 173 g
Small Ingot Fragments
39. L: 46.62 mm, W: 21.44 mm, T: 28.57 mm, W: 48 g
40. L: 27.61 mm, W: 27.67 mm, T: 13.24 mm, W: 33 g
41. L: 23.92 mm, W: 25.14 mm, T: 27.22 mm, W: 62 g
42. L: 33.75 mm, W: 18.45 mm, T: 16.14 mm, W: 39 g
43. L: 28.16 mm, W: 21.72 mm, T: 11.98 mm, W: 24 g
44. L: 33.56 mm, W: 22.37 mm, T: 14.89 mm, W: 20 g
&nbsp;


&nbsp;",,4,Copper alloy,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,2020-09-09T00:00:00Z,,2020T791,,,,,,,44,,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Stoke Doyle,TL0286,,52.46242852,-0.50012396,LEIC-721B29,,721B29No7.jpg,,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/721B29No7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127486.jpg
1012383,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe head (1000 - 800BC), probably a South Eastern variant. Socketed looped axehead with a single sub-rectangular mouth moulding and a additional collar moulding below. There are three raised moulded ribs on either side. Ewart Park tradition (Burgess Metalworking phase XII). This corresponds to Needham’s (1996) Period 7 circa 950-750 CAL. BC. There is a fairly even mid-green patina all over and a small break on the blade, but is otherwise complete. There is also a small crack running from the socket along one side but this could be modern damage. Poor casting but that the axe is finished and the majority of the casting flashes are trimmed and hammered flat.



Length: 89.6mm. Width: 46.1mm. Thick: 36.6mm. Weight: 171.5g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,171.5,,,36.6,86.9,1,Dot Boughton,Philip Smither,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Hampstead Norreys,SU5175,From finder,51.47167419,-1.26712778,BERK-8D62D5,,BERK8D62D52.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK8D62D52.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1118493.jpg
1012425,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A complete cast copper alloy unlooped primary / early phase palstave axehead (Group II) of later middle Bronze Age date (1500-1300 BC). The palstave has a low, concave stop with low flanges along both sides. The blade is wedge-shaped, with straight sides and flares to approximately 52mm in width, with a curved cutting edge. Each face of the blade has a single vertical rib running down the middle from below the stop. The axehead is heavily corroded and much of the surface has been lost.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,250,,,12.9,137.4,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Denmead,SU6211,From finder,50.89516172,-1.11980094,HAMP-AED1C6,,HAMPAED1C6.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPAED1C6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1118000.jpg
1012430,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1140,-800,"A fragment of the blade of a Bronze Age sword, 36.9mm in length and 30.1mm wide. The blade has a pronounced midrib 7mm thick with flanking bands of seven ridges to either side. The fragment has worn breaks all around and a more recent break across the middle.","This fragment is most likely from a Late Bronze Age ""Saint Nazaire"" type sword (1150-800 BC). ""Saint Nazaire"" type swords are the forerunner of the ""Carp's Tongue"" type and have features seen here, including a strong central midrib curving away to the bevels, emphasises by a grooved outline, sometimes a series of lines running parallel to the blade edge. The origin of these swords was probably found in imported French weapons which enjoyed a brief popularity in Britain during the late Penard phase, circa 1275-1140 BC. In Britain the Saint-Nazaire type swords are found in association with late Wilburton hoards, circa 1140-1020 BC, which often contain metalwork more appropriate to the succeeding Ewart Park phase, circa 1020-800 BC.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.19,,,7,36.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,West Tytherley,SU2829,From finder,51.05966146,-1.60184149,HAMP-AF4AFF,,HAMPAF4AFF.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPAF4AFF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1118003.jpg
1012536,Winged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,Fragment of late Middle to Early late Bronze Age winged axehead with side loop. Only the central section survives with a loop on the underside of the flanged body and old brittle fractures at either end where the butt end and majority of the remarkably thin axe blade have broken away. The wings are long with the ends turning sharply inwards towards each other to secure the original haft. No stop ridges. Dark brown water patina with casting seams largely removed. Penard to Ewart park metalwork phases circa 1300-800 BC. A similar and more complete axe can be seen at BH-BE3C94 on the Portable Antiquities Database.,There is a strong hoard association with axes of this type and although it forms part of a growing Bronze Age landscape in the vicinity it is currently (Oct 2020) too isolated to be considered for Treasure.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-18T23:00:00Z,2019-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,148,,,,73,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0682,From finder,52.39723355,1.0264194,NMS-C792E9,,63989_C792E9_BA_Palstave.JPG,Bronze Age winged palstave fragment,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/63989_C792E9_BA_Palstave.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1118253.jpg
1012885,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1150,800,"A complete copper-alloy awl / tracer of probable late Bronze Age date, 68.2mm in length. around two thirds of the length of the object is of square cross section, tapering to a flat chisel-shaped tip (tracer end). The remaining third has sub-rounded cross section, tapering from a square collar of 4.7mm thickness to a sharp point (awl end).",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).,3,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,2018-10-07T23:00:00Z,,,,5.5,,,4.7,68.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Leckhampstead,SP7236,From finder,52.01776164,-0.95222268,SUR-06CCBF,,SUR06CCBF.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR06CCBF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1118615.jpg
1013309,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1100,-800,"A heavily worn fragment of cast Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head, probably dating to 1100-800 BC.



Description: The fragment represents part of the blade end of the long rectangular socketed body of the axehead. No edge remains intact so over all shape is based on known more complete examples. The blade runs in a very shallow convex curve and is heavily abraded, the blade tips likely flared slightly outwards. The surviving cross section of the socket is sub-oval. The remaining body appears to be undecorated although with such little remaining it is not possible to be sure although the casting seam is clearly visible . The axehead is patinated dark green and mottled light brown to green across the abraded edges.



Measurements: Length: 23.67mm, Width: 24mm, Thickness: 10.42mm, Weight: 19.37g.



Discussion: Although, due to completeness it is not certain but this axehead probably fits into the Ewart park or Wilburton metal working groups, giving it a date of 1100-800 BC (Schmidt & Burgess 1981: 119).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.37,,,10.42,23.67,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Eythorne,TR2749,GPS (from the finder),51.19510472,1.24755845,KENT-5D01D6,,KENT5D01D6.jpg,Socketed axehead fragment,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT5D01D6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1118945.jpg
1013388,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A cast copper alloy fragment of a Late Bronze Age sword dating to c.1000-800 BC. The fragment is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-oval in section with both ends terminating in old damage. The fragment is a small section of the blade with a convex/raised midrib (14mm wide, max 8.8mm thick) flanked by a pair of parallel longitudinal grooves on either side c.3mm from the long edge on both faces. The grooves do not appear to narrow on the fragment and the distance is the same between the lines at the upper and lower section of the fragment (14mm) although the long edges of the blade are damaged from corrosion so the cutting edge has been lost.



The tip of the object is rounded and pitted with bright green corrosion. The other end has a central concentric depression c.3.5mm in diameter in profile. One side of the blade has 3 small holes, likely corrosion products. 



The fragment is small and lacking diagnostic features so it is difficult to ascribe a type with certainty. A similar sword fragment of Carp’s Tongue type with two longitudinal grooves is illustrated in Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015:99 pl. 26 no. 325) from West Knighton, Dorset. Burgess (1968:22 fig. 13) also illustrates a sword from the River Thames dating to the Carp’s Tongue complex of the Late Bronze Age. The fragment is likely from a Carp’s Tongue type sword of the Ewart Park phase of metalwork.



The object is a medium green patina with patches of bright green corrosion and measures 27.8mm long, 21.5mm wide, 8.8mm thick and weighs 16.05kg.



Similar objects are recorded on the PAS database e.g. CORN-56AC86, DOR-B4D511, BH-9CC7C7, BH-4C7707, ESS-3BF240



References: 



Knight, M., Ormrod, T., and Pearce, S. 2015. The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain: A corpus of material found between 1983 and 2014. BAR British Series 610.



Burgess, C.B. Bronze Age Metalwork in Northern England c.1000 to 700 BC. Andover: Cengage Learning (EMEA)",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.05,,,8.8,27.8,1,Adelle Bricking,Adelle Bricking,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,St. Nicholas and Bonvilston,SS9867,From finder,51.39283948,-3.46741592,NMGW-6F1157,,20202716.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20202716.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1119000.jpg
1013449,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1300-700 BC). The remains of the object consist of the blade edge and part of the body, which terminates in an uneven worn break leaving part of the socketed interior visible. The break is slightly higher on one side of the axehead than the other, thus the tapered sides of the body of the axehead are visible. The blade edge is curved but very worn and chipped. The axehead has a thick dark reddish brown patina in patches across its surface (c. 30%), however much of this has been chipped and abraded away revealing a brown patina underneath. It is not possible to identify whether the axe has been sharpened or whether a casting seam existed due to most of its patina being chipped away. 



The lack of diagnostic features from this axehead fragment prevents a more exact type or parallel for its form being cited, however socketed axeheads are believed to date from the Middle Bronze Age (c.1300 BC) to the Earliest Iron Age (c.700/600 BC).



The overall dimensions are as follows: 68.25mm in length, 38.39mm in width, 14.23mm in thickness and 47.73g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,,47.73,,,14.23,68.25,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Bromsgrove,Sidemoor,SO9673,From finder,52.355048,-2.060154,WAW-71FAB4,,WAW71FAB4.jpg,A Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WAW71FAB4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1141732.jpg
1014227,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2250,-1200,"A copper alloy miniature developed flat axe, or perhaps a chisel, of Bronze Age date, probably 2250 - 1200 BC. The cast axe is near-complete. It has expanding straight sides, flaring more at the cutting end into a curved cutting edge, which is slightly lopsided, possibly from use or damaged. The butt also has straight sides, tapering towards the rounded butt. There is a thickening in the centre of the axe; the start of a proto stop ridge, but no actual stop or flanges. The axe has a well developed green patina with some pitting.  The total length is 51.1mm, the length of the blade is 27.3mm, the length of the butt is 19.7mm.  The width of the blade is 15.7mm tapering to 10.7mm.  The width of the butt is 10.1mm tapering to 8.4mm.  The thickness of the blade is 4.8mm at the centre tapering towards the edges.  The weight is 12.88g.



Parallels on the database include HAMP-B3BE22 which is recorded under FLANGED AXEHEAD (Class: miniature) and is very similar in scale and shape to this example. Other items with similarities, such as HAMP-710DC5 are recorded as CHISEL, while further examples such as NMS-4436A4 are recorded as MINIATURE OBJECT. YORYM-3F6A11 is a miniature flat axe and the record suggests that it is too small to be functional, commenting that miniature axes modelled on later Bronze Age types (such as socketed axes) have been found on Iron Age and Roman sites in secure contexts. Compare also IOW-40D79C. Tanged chisels such as SUR-505F93 and SUSS-AEB91C are also similar but have a tang that terminates in a point. They are also very difficult to date, but the patina on this example is consistent with a Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-07-24T23:00:00Z,2020-07-24T23:00:00Z,,,12.88,,,4.8,51.1,1,Andy Benbow,Andy Benbow,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Ryedale,Norton-on-Derwent,SE7968,From finder,54.1018357,-0.79335614,SWYOR-6E7AE7,,SWYOR6E7AE7BronzeAgeChiselikw.jpg,SWYOR-6E7AE7 Bronze Age Chisel,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR6E7AE7BronzeAgeChiselikw.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1121814.jpg
1014396,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A possible Bronze Age sword fragment dating to c. 1000-800 cal BC.



The fragment consists of the triangular tip of an object, possibly a sword. The fragment has a soft lozenge shaped cross section with very rounded edges. The tip is also very rounded. The object has a thick green patina with some black staining. Similarly on the break is a slightly browner corrosion product although wether this is indicative of an Iron core is difficult to determine. Regardless the patina is chipped and worn.



The object is 48.3mm long, 39.0mm wide, 8.2mm thick and weighs 33.52 grams.



The triangular shape and lozenge profile are similar to that seen on Wilburton and Ewart park Swords dating to the Late Bronze Age. It may also be the tip of a leaf shaped pegged spearhead as the central rib on these is weaker in the later periods.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-31T23:00:00Z,2020-02-01T00:00:00Z,,,33.52,,,8.2,48.3,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,,,,,,,,,OXON-95898A,,OXON95898A.jpg,Possible Bronze Age sword fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON95898A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1120280.jpg
1014742,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-600,"A fragment of a large socketed axehead of later Bronze Age date. The fragment comprises the blade and front portion of the axehead, which is 44.9mm in length, with a maximum width of 50mm. The side profile is triangular and there are prominent casting seams down the sides. The blade edge is curved but much of the cutting edge has been lost.",Socketed axes generally date from the Middle Bronze Age through to the Early Iron Age (c1300- 600 BC) - however the precise typological group for this example is uncertain.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,150,,,17.1,44.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Donhead St. Mary,ST8925,From finder,51.02426251,-2.15821535,HAMP-FDA054,,HAMPFDA054a.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPFDA054a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1121542.jpg
1014919,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Late Bronze Age copper-alloy awl. The tang makes up three fifths of the whole length and the blade makes up the remainder. The tang the is square in cross-section at its base and tapers to a flat point at the proximal end. The blade is circular in cross-section and tapers to a round, only slightly blunted point at the distal end. Parallels on this database include NMS-D7A737 and NMS-FC7BC5. c.1000 - c.700 BC.



Length: 55.6mm. Width: 5.0mm. Thickness: 4.9mm. Weight: 5.2g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-29T23:00:00Z,2017-09-29T23:00:00Z,,,5.2,,,4.9,55.6,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Upper Winchendon,SP7413,From finder,51.81074633,-0.92801797,NMS-12EC04,,Buckinghamshire_12EC04_BA_Awl.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/Buckinghamshire_12EC04_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1121310.jpg
1015447,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-800,"A fragment of copper-alloy Bronze Age sword or dagger, dating to 2500 BC - 800 BC. The fragment appears to be the tip of the blade, it is triangular and has a lozenge shaped cross section with bevelled edges.

Length: 20.83 mm

Width: 18.29 mm

Thickness: 3.02 mm

Weight: 3.5 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-10-08T23:00:00Z,,,,3.5,,,3.02,20.83,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Leamington Hastings,SP4566,GPS (from the finder),52.29029874,-1.34166722,LEIC-A54C5C,,A54C5C.jpg,BA Sword tip,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/A54C5C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1121435.jpg
1015574,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-800,1000,"Complete copper alloy awl or chisel possibly of Bronze Age date. The object is 72mm long and circular in cross-section. It tapers over its length from 11mm in diameter at the striking end to 6mm at the working end. The last 7mm is bevelled from opposite sides to form a chisel point. The upper striking end of the tool is slightly upset, presumably from hammering. According to the PAS website (https://finds.org.uk/guides/bronzeage/objects/awl) awls are difficult to date but most copper-alloy examples are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and many were probably inserted into a handle made from organic materials. The surface condition and patination of this object is commensurate with an object of some age. However, given the lack of archaeological context, and dating difficulty, a Bronze Age date cannot be assured; therefore, the suggested date range has been widened somewhat. Circa 800 BC-AD 1000.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-05-31T23:00:00Z,2020-01-29T00:00:00Z,,,31.5,,11,,72,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,East Tuddenham,TG0710,From finder,52.64821683,1.05851771,NMS-AC6F22,,56968_AC6F22_BAMED_Awl.JPG,Possible Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/56968_AC6F22_BAMED_Awl.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1121541.jpg
1015620,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"An incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy tanged knife dating to the period c. 1300 - 800 BC. The tang is rectangular and damaged, with a single circular rivet hole for the attachment of the missing handle. The blade is sub-rectangular and expands slightly before tapering slowly towards an old break slightly above the tip. The knife has a very dark green almost black patina.



Length: 120.15 mm

Width: 17.83 mm

Thickness: 2.65 mm

Weight: 21.1 g



Similar tanged knives on the database include: NMS-27C352 DOR-761B1C and SOM-BCDC68",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Owston and Newbold,SK7807,GPS (from the finder),52.65512742,-0.84835157,LEIC-BCC6C8,,BCC6C8.jpg,BA tanged knife,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/BCC6C8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1121596.jpg
1015924,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A complete copper alloy flanged axehead of Later Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze Age date (2000-1700 BC). The object is a long flanged developed flat axe.



This axehead has a rounded arched butt and slightly diverging sides that abruptly expand to a broad crescentic blade and cutting edge, with the blade tips at right angles to the sides, with some slight recurving.



Shallow ovate cast flanges extend along the sides, rising very gradually from the butt towards the middle of the axe and sloping down again to the blade expansion. This gives the axe a lenticular side profile.



There is a raised transverse stop-ridge running half way down the butt length. 



The metal is brown in colour with areas of light blue active copper alloy disease on both faces, predominant on one face but present on the other. 





Length: 134.42mm, Width (blade end): 78.32mm, Width (butt end): 27.18mm, Thickness (at flanges): 25.84mm, Weight: 439.0g



Schmidt and Burgess (1981, p.59) trace the development of the flat axe in Britain and Ireland. They identify the trend, ""...from broad, simple, triangular forms with splaying sides and flat, even slightly convex, unembelleshed faces, to increasingly narrow forms, with ever-straighter sides that diverge less and less, approaching and even attaining, the parallel sided form typical of flanged axes. The trend is towards slightly dished faces, the edges of the faces are worked up into slight flanges, and a median bevel is an increasingly common feature. Decoration...becomes a commonplace...""



Schmidt and Burgess (ibid.) explain that these developments were in part a function of changing hafting methods - the knee handle, with forked angled end required a narrower shape to fit snugly between the prongs of the fork. Furthermore, dished faces and raised edges made the seating more secure, and the median bevel reduced the tendency of the axe to be driven up into the fork, (WMID-143A14).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,439,,,25.84,134.42,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Hartwell,SP8051,From finder,52.15149812,-0.83215728,NARC-24B0E9,,NARC24B0E9.jpg,NARC-24B0E9 : Axehead : Early-Middle Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC24B0E9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1122002.jpg
1015988,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,"A Bronze Age&nbsp;gold ribbon, dating to 2200 - 800 BC. It comprises a folded&nbsp;rectangular strip of sheet&nbsp;or ribbon gold. It is decorated with&nbsp;around 16&nbsp;parallel ridges running along its length across one side; the reverse is undecorated.&nbsp;

Length: 72.6 mm
Width: 12.7 mm&nbsp;
Weight: 4 g

Notes:

The object is consistent with a number of examples which have been determined to be Treasure on the&nbsp;PAS&nbsp;database including 2014T777 (HEMP-36C41B), 2018T642 (NMS-A603B), 217T672 (NMS-B2D198), 2019T991 (DUR-9B1BA0), 2019T866 (HEMP 37143A), 2011T459 (LIN-946F12) and 2020T516 (SWYOR-DBF058). Incised longitudinal grooves are present on at least one side of many of these examples. Some are plain strips whilst others exhibit one or two perforations. Furthermore, the design is redolent of two examples from the multi-period site of Ranvecliffe Cave in Derbyshire, held within the British Museum Collections 1906.1224.1 and 1906.1224.2. These examples were postulated to date to the period between circa 2500-800&nbsp;BC, providing a broad Late Neolithic to Late Bronze Age date. Other dates recorded within the Treasure cases suggest a narrower period between circa 2200-800, encompassing the entirety of the Bronze Age, whilst 2014T777 suggests a Middle to Late Bronze Age date of between circa 1600-800&nbsp;BC. As a result, a broad Bronze Age date is offered here of between circa 2300-800&nbsp;BC. In all of these examples, it is not clear what their function was.",,4,Gold,,Submitted for consideration as Treasure,Metal detector,,,2021T434,,4,,,,76.2,1,,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Derbyshire,High Peak,Corbar,SK0475,,53.27197301,-1.9414806,LEIC-28D5B5,,28D5B5.jpg,Gold ribbon,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/28D5B5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1122080.jpg
1016055,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1601,"A badly corroded copper or copper alloy flat axe of Early Bronze Age date (c. 2350 BC to 1601 BC). It is broadly sub trapezoid in plan, although the axe has lost too much of its original shape to confidently assign it to a type using Schmidt and Burgess (1981). No. 270, pg. 50, Plate 22 has a generally similar shape apart from its smaller, flatter butt. The axe itself has a fairly narrow and rounded butt (36.5mm wide) and appears to have relatively straight sides although one is slightly convex- again it is difficult to tell the original side shape due to the heavy corrosion. The cutting edge is strongly curved and unexpanded. The axe is flat lenticular in profile, and rectangular in section. 



The axe is heavily corroded, with much of the surface covered with active corrosion and corrosion products. This corrosion has led to the total loss of the original surface, changing the shape of the axe. The parts of the axe not covered by corrosion bear a dull red brown patina of uneven, pitted texture. The dull red colour may suggest that the axe is made of copper rather than copper alloy, which would date it to the chalcolithic, the earliest part of the Bronze Age (c. 2500-2200 BC).",,4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,253.6,,,10.2,107.8,1,George Whatley,George Whatley,Wales,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,Llandyfaelog,SN4316,,51.82050768,-4.27932397,NMGW-3B328A,,FlatAxe.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/FlatAxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1122847.jpg
1016093,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1,600 to 1,400 BC), of typical non side-looped form with a ""shield"" shaped moulding immediately below the stop ridge. The H shaped hafting channels at the butt are well developed with high side  flanges to support the split wood handle, the end of the butt terminates in an oblique angle, this is most likely due to a casting flaw at the top of the mould, it looks unlikely that this is post-depositional damage. The axe is complete, though there are small losses to the thin cutting edge. Most of the surfaces are patinated dark brown, indicative of being deposited in a watery location, there are some slight green patches to one side of the hafting channel, the other face has some small recent scrapes revealing the original colour of the metal. 



MBA material is frequently found in very good condition with this brown patination around the Fen edge and other similar landscapes. It is very likely this piece represents intentional votive deposition.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-10-31T00:00:00Z,2020-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,380,,,24,148,1,Jason Gibbons,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Methwold,TL6996,From finder,52.53564023,0.49028937,NMS-3D0CDA,,Image6.jpg,,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jasongibbons/Image6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1124260.jpg
1016353,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete cast copper alloy Flat Axe of Early Bronze Age dating (2350-2050 BC).



The object is sub rectangular in shape with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. The butt is narrowed and rounded in profile. The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are gently curved. There are no traces of a stop ridge present. The sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge. The tips of the crescent shaped blade are abraded as is the blade edge itself.



Length: 67.26mm, Width (blade): 28.87mm, Width (butt): 16.45mm, Thickness: 9.37mm, Weight: 55.80g



The metal is dark green/brown in colour with a heavily pitted and corroded patina. 



The axehead date to the Early Bronze Age and fits within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-03-07T00:00:00Z,,,,55.8,,,9.37,67.26,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Southwick,SP9993,From finder,52.52588916,-0.54218529,NARC-685D46,,NARC685D46.jpg,NARC-685D46 : Flat Axe : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC685D46.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1122484.jpg
1016573,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Very worn fragment of a copper-alloy socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age period, that is c. 1000-800BC.



The remaining fragment of the axehead takes the form of a slightly curved sub rectangular piece of the looped section of a socketed axe. The loop is still present and is integrally cast. 



Dimensions: weight: 10.8g, length: 27.0mm, width: 16.3mm, height: 14.9mm",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-03T23:00:00Z,,,,10.8,14.9,,,27,1,Sophie Flynn,Sophie Flynn,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Arkesden,TL4836,From finder,52.00271617,0.15462487,ESS-BD9843,,ESSBD9843.jpg,Fragment of a Bronze Age socketed axehead,Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/slflynn/ESSBD9843.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1122949.jpg
1016695,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1500,"A fragment of a copper-alloy (bronze) flanged axe or possibly a palstave of late Early Bronze Age or Middle Bronze Age date (2000-1500 BC). It has a H shaped cross-section, and the flanges appear to be cast. Only the butt of the tool survives. It tapers to a wedge and is rounded. Not enough survives to be sure if the tool is a flanged axe or a palstave. Dimensions: length 36.7mm, width 25.2mm, height 9.6mm, weight 35.51g. Compare CAM-4BBA1C.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-08-28T23:00:00Z,2020-08-28T23:00:00Z,,,35.51,9.6,,,36.7,1,Tom Shurlock,Tom Shurlock,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Well,SE2682,GPS (from the finder),54.23305164,-1.60263254,SWYOR-D72E02,,687SWYORD72E02PH.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/phil17/687SWYORD72E02PH.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156249.jpg
1017440,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-2000,"A possibly incomplete copper alloy flat axehead of Migdale type dating to the Early Bronze Age, c. 2200-2000 BC. 



The axehead has a slightly truncated butt, which may be due to a break or simply its individual form. It remains fairly narrow and rectilinear in shape before flaring to the blade. It is rectangular in cross section, although the blade narrows to its original cutting surface. It appears undecorated but the surface is pitted and marked across the dark green shiny patina. 



It is similar to DEV-0CAAEF, although slightly shorter in the butt. It is characteristic of south western metalwork from ""metalworking stage II"", which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 (c.2350-2050 cal BC) Knight, Ormrod & Pearce (2015: 87, no. 3, 11, 213) illustrate a number of similar examples from the south western peninsula including Devon and Cornwall. 



Measurements: 91.9mm length, 38.7mm width, 8.2mm thickness, weight 113.3g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-01T00:00:00Z,2020-09-11T23:00:00Z,,,113,,,8.2,91.9,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,Devon,East Devon,Newton Poppleford and Harpford,SY0689,From finder,50.69302638,-3.33219725,DEV-8D7466,,DEV8D7466.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV8D7466.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1125078.jpg
1017533,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead, of Late Bronze Age dating (1000 BC to 800 BC).



It is likely less than 50% of the socketed axehead is now present. The remains consist of the blade edge which is worn and a socketed section of the axehead. The fragment is sub rectangular in plan with sides that taper inwards from the blade edge. The axehead has an inverted triangular side profile. There are no casting ridges evident along both sides. The blade edge is rounded and well worn. It is noticeably more worn on one of the outer corners than the other. Some of the original surface has been lost around the blade edge on one face. The axehead has a well worn and abraded green coloured surface patina. There is also a small separate fragment of the object that separated from the main body after it was found. 



The socketed axehead fragment measures 66.5 mm in length, 48.3 mm wide (at the blade), 38.1 mm wide (at the now damaged and open socket), 26 mm thick (at the open socket), 3.2 mm thick (at the blade edge). The sides are 2.9 mm thick. It weighs 129.2 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,129.2,,,26,66.5,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Bromsgrove,Alvechurch,SP0271,From finder,52.33707988,-1.97206998,WMID-A6DA21,,WMIDA6DA21.jpg,"Late Bronze Age socketed axehead (front, profile, reverse, blade edge)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMIDA6DA21.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1151560.jpg
1017795,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"Probable incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy quoit-headed pin. The looped head is mostly missing, with only two short stumps surviving. These are thin and rectangular in cross-section: flat on the internal and external edges of the loop. However, there is a concave bevelled constriction in the middle of both sides, just above the junction with the shank (best viewed from the top).

The shank is oval in cross-section and emerges from the head with a significant concave taper over the first five millimetres of its length. Over approximately this same distance, the longest axis of the oval cross-section is parallel with the plane of the head. After that, the taper is much more subtle and the shank twists so that its long axis is oblique to the plane of the head. It maintains this orientation and taper throughout the rest of its length. The tip is blunt and probably represents a worn break. There is a slight bend in the shank, at just over halfway along its extant length from the head. Most of the shank has a dark green patina, becoming dark brown near and on the stumps of the head. See NMS-3D6677 on this database for a more complete example. c.1400-1250 BC.



Length: 73.9mm. Width (span of stumps of head): 18.0mm. Thickness at head and top of shank: 4.8mm. Width at tip (long diameter): 3.9mm Thickness at tip (short diameter): 3.2mm. Weight: 9.5g","Quoit-headed pins are characteristic of the Middle Bronze Age 'ornament horizon' which has been dated to the Taunton and Penard metalwork phases (Roberts 2007, 139-41). Quoit-headed pins are relatively rare, with c. 80 known examples. The form and size of pins varies considerably, with examples of all types found mainly in East Anglia, the south coast and south-west.



ENF146829",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-11-03T00:00:00Z,2019-11-03T00:00:00Z,,,9.5,,,4.8,73.9,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Reepham,TG1123,From finder,52.76336856,1.1258872,NMS-F9CD2C,,37084_F9CD2C_BA_Pin.jpg,Probable incomplete Middle Bronze Age quoit-headed pin,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/37084_F9CD2C_BA_Pin.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1131439.jpg
1018305,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Tip of a middle BA palstave with traces of a primary / early group palstave group III Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1300 BC) - most probably associated with the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both assemblages fit within Burgess Metal Working Stage VIII and IX. Light green patina all over



Length: 38mm, Width: 45.5mm, Thickness: 14.5mm, Weight: 80.8g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,,80.8,,,14.5,38,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Stoke Row,SU6884,,51.55080116,-1.02067396,BERK-8D73C4,,BERK8D73C41.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK8D73C41.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1125071.jpg
1018446,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1700,"A copper alloy long flanged flat axehead of Needham (2017) Type 4d or e dating to the Early Bronze Age c. 2050-1700 cal BC.



Description: This axe head has a rounded arched butt, a body that starts narrow but increasingly widens, a crescentic blade edge and long low flanges. The low flanges are worn to the point they are barely discernable  From this point the body of the axe (the septum) thickens regularly to a point just further than half way along its length (c.45 mm from the butt). At this point there is a shallow, almost imperceptible, thickened ridge, which may indicate the beginnings of stop ridge technology as is seen on later flanged axes and palstaves. 



After the proto stop-ridge the body of the axe thin gradually to the blade edge of the axe. Concurrently the body of the axehead widens in a smooth curve so that the wings at the side of the axeblade are almost perpendicular to the body of the axe. The blade edge itself is crescent shaped and slightly more angled than the narrowing body. One corner has been damaged. The blade edge is slightly bevelled indicating it has been sharpened at least once. The surface of the axehead is heavily patinated and surfacely pitted. It has a mottled dark green through to light grey-green colouration



Measurements: 99.39mm long, 50.82mm wide (at blade end, 23.1mm wide at mid point, 17.82mm wide at butt end), 12.67mm thick and 156.59g in weight



Discussion: This is a low flanged axe of Early Bronze Age date. The lack of developed stop ridge suggests it most likely dates to the later stages of the Early Bronze Age. Needham (1983, 2017) has produced a typology of Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age flat and flanged axeheads that defines them based on the ratios of their physical form (Needham 2017, 4, Table 1). This axe meets all the criteria for a Type 4e Axehead and most closely corresponds to a Type 4E Withington form (Needham, 2017, 27-29, 55-56). Needham places the date of this type of axe to between the 20th and 18th centuries cal BC c. 1900-1700 cal BC (ibid 45, fig 16).



These axes are traditionally assigned to the Long Flanged or Developed Flat Axe of Aylesford type (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981) that fit with Burgess’ metalworking tradition phase IV, and corresponds to Needham’s (1996) Period 3 (circa 2050 - 1700 CAL. BC)



Similarly formed examples on the database include  SOM-90B762, LVPL-AC4D8B, SF-003BC7 and DEV-987893.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-11-17T00:00:00Z,,,,156.59,,,12.67,99.39,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Buttermere,SU3459,Generated from computer mapping software,51.3290871,-1.51339841,KENT-A2BA81,,KENTA2BA81b.jpg,Flanged axe head,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTA2BA81b.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1125178.jpg
1018484,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"A mouth fragment of cast copper-alloy socketed axe, dating to the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age c. 1000 - 700 BC.



Description: The triangular fragment represents part of the socketed end of the axe head and is unevenly shaped. Part of the rimmed collar for the socket remains. The fragment is slightly curved. Both the internal or external surface are rough and pitted, some of this is down to lack of finishing and some due to corrosion. It has a mottled dark-light green patina.



Measurements: 26.01mm long, 24.81mm wide., 8.28mm thick and 9.95g in weight.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-10T00:00:00Z,,,,9.95,,,8.28,26.01,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Amport,SU2844,Generated from computer mapping software,51.19453879,-1.60068092,KENT-B39759,,KENTB39759.jpg,Socketed axehead fragment,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTB39759.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1125145.jpg
1018751,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A cast copper alloy blade fragment, most likely from the blade of a dirk or rapier of Middle Bronze Age (c 1500-1100 BC) date. The fragment is 25.6mm in length and 17.8mm in width, with no evident midrib or surface decoration and a lenticular cross section.","
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-08-29T23:00:00Z,,,,6.92,,,3.2,25.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Ropley,SU6533,From finder,51.09263609,-1.07321959,SUR-1DB3FB,,SUR1DB3FB.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR1DB3FB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1125503.jpg
1018995,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1050,-950,"A complete cast copper alloy (bronze) palstave axe with side loop and decorative rib of Bronze Age date, most probably from the period 1050-950 BC.



Description: The axe is broadly rectangular in plan and ovoid in profile. The blade of the palstave has straight sides that flare to form a crescent shaped cutting edge. The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile). The two sides flare progressively from the butt to the raised and thickened stop. The flanges are fused to the stop and the septum of the axe is relatively plain and undecorated. The casting seams and associated flashes on either side (long edge) have been trimmed and hammered almost flat. An integrally cast side loop descends on one edge; it is positioned immediately below the stop towards the blade. The loop is D-shaped in cross-section.  Below the stop ridge of the axe on the upper blade is a central rib which continues towards the cutting edge of the blade, tapering to flatness at about 25mm from the cutting edge. The rib is present on both faces - although better defined on one. Each face has two further ribs which run from the butt to join the central rib at 20mm towards the blade - again one side is more defined. The palstave has a well-defined polished dark green/brown coloured surface patina which is pitted and broken in places, exposing areas of corrosion, particularly along the external and raised edges.



Measurments: length: 170mm; width (across the blade): 61.63mm; width (across the butt): 20.8mm; thickness (across the stop): 25.22mm; thickness (of the septum in the mid point of the butt): 7.14mm. The side flanges raise to a height of 9.2mm above the septum. The axehead weighs 387.6 grams.



Discussion: There is a similar but incomplete example on this database at DENO-07C564.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-12-16T00:00:00Z,,,,387.6,,,25.22,170,1,Wendy Thompson,Wendy Thompson,South East,Kent,Gravesham,Higham,TQ7072,GPS (from the finder),51.42151911,0.44362427,PUBLIC-F88DD1,,bronzepalasteraxe.jpg,PUBLIC-F88DD1,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ynwhsh7/bronzepalasteraxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1125870.jpg
1019049,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An incomplete cast copper alloy unlooped primary / early phase palstave axehead (Group II) of later middle Bronze Age date (1500-1300 BC).



The palstave has a high, stop with high flanges on both sides. The blade has flattened flanges running on each edge with irregular facets and flares to a curved cutting edge. A central rib runs down the middle of each side of the blade from the stop. The axe is heavily corroded and missing the butt and half of the cutting edge. 



Measurements: Length: 140.74mm; width at stop: 26.75mm: width at broken edge of blade: 53.22mm; thickness at stop 27.92mm: at cutting edge: 3.29mm. Weight: 452g.



Discussion: Early midribbed palstaves belong to the Acton Park Phase II of the Middle Bronze Age, corresponding to the earlier part of Needhams (1996) Period 5 dating to 1500 to 1300BC. A similar example on the PAS is LVPL-3F046A.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,452,,,27.92,140.74,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,East Sussex,Lewes,Ditchling,TQ3315,From finder,50.91914186,-0.1092357,SUSS-3001A5,,SUSS3001A5a.jpg,Palstave axe head,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS3001A5a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1143767.jpg
1019074,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-800,"Bronze Age bronze double-edged tanged and riveted knife of Middle to Late Bronze Age date



The cast knife blade is fragmentary by the tang and top of the blade (with a surviving length of 85.0mm and weight of 14.2g). The tang (48mm long) is narrowest and thinnest at the butt (10.6mm wide and 0.9mm thick) which has a slight indent at the centre. Below the butt is a sub-circular perforation (4.0mm – 4.3mm diameter positioned 5.3mm below the butt). The sides of the tang are straight and gently divergent towards the top of the blade (reaching a width and thickness of 14.9mm and 2.8mm respectively). Both tang faces are convex across their widths, producing a sub-rectangular section. The knife widens to the blade at the shoulders, where the knife has a maximum width (of 18.8mm), below which it narrows (for 20mm) before the blade edges appear to have been near-parallel sided (with a minimum width at the break of 8.9mm and a thickness of 1.5mm). The blade has a mid-ridge at the break, producing a lozengic section. Towards the top of the blade, the mid-ridge bifurcates to form a triangular panel, corresponding with the widening of the blade edge to the shoulders. The blade edge is damaged but blade facets are partially preserved on both sides. There is no clear evidence for blade damage that is contemporary with the use of the blade. The blade and tang now have a gentle bend across their length. The surface has numerous linear striations beneath the patina, running across both tang faces (at an angle of 20° – 40° to the vertical axis of the tang) resulting from coarse finishing. The blade have coarse, irregular striations running along the top of the blade and the suggestion of finer striations running off the blade edges. There is a possible punched mark at the top of the mid-ridge and a corresponding dent at the same position on the opposite face, suggesting that the blade was punched while resting on edge. The surface has a dark-green to black patina with a white deposit on the tang, concentrated around the perforation.   



Tanged and riveted knives are recovered in a variety of forms from the Middle Bronze Age onwards, though western British examples are not common. Studies (Pearce (1983), Knight et al. (2015) and Rowlands (1976, Pl.35)) illustrates two shouldered tanged knives with single rivet holes from Southern Britain, one from the River Thames, Berkshire, and another from Horningsea, Cambridgeshire. Rowlands considers tanged and riveted knives as belonging to the later Middle Bronze Age (Penard phase c.1275-1150BC). Comparable examples have been closely linked with Late Bronze Age material. Examples are present in the Grays Thurrock hoard, Essex (Turner 2010, No.02/134), and the Reach Fen hoard, Cambridgeshire (Smith 1956, GB.17 3(3) No.43), both of which are part of the Carp's Tongue complex in the Ewart Park phase (1000-800BC). In Wales a tanged knife, without a perforation was recovered in the Rossett Hoard, in association with a socketed axe and gold bracelet fragments.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.2,,,2.8,85,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Upavon,SU1154,,51.28503388,-1.84365746,NMGW-320611,,2019411.jpg,Bronze age tanged knife,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2019411.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1125978.jpg
1019082,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper alloy casting jet probably of Middle to Late Bronze Age date



The casting jet is of two-runner type and is likely to be complete, after removing from the tool or weapon (with an overall length of 36.0mm and a weight of 91.4g). The upper face of the jet is sub-oval (37.8mm x 23.9mm) and has an undulating surface, as cast. The sides of the jet are divergent (to 12mm below the surface) before becoming more parallel sided (15.4mm thick). One of the runners is significantly larger than the other (18mm x 12mm compared to 9mm x 5mm) but both are similar lengths before being cut (14mm long). The surface is corroded with a pale-green corrosion. 



The two-runner jet is comparatively substantial, perhaps suggesting its use in casting a larger object, perhaps an axe or sword.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,91.4,,,23.9,36,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llantilio Crossenny,SO3813,,51.81217814,-2.90075137,NMGW-32BB69,,2019413.jpg,Bronze age casting jet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2019413.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1125990.jpg
1019089,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-750,"Middle to Late Bronze Age bronze palstave fragment of indeterminate type 



The cast looped palstave fragment has lost the blade, butt and loop and is represented by the stop fragment (with a surviving length of 46.6mm and a weight of 106.4g). The sides of the palstave are straight for their short lengths, either side of the breaks. The butt end is sub-rectangular sectioned at the break (17.8mm x 12.2mm), slightly concave across the width of the septum and has lost the flanges. One side has a prominent raised stub (giving a maximum surviving width of 26.4mm) from the remains of the loop. The stops are truncated slightly (with a height above the septum of 5 -6mm and a thickness of 24.0mm) and are straight and vertical. The top of the stops are bevelled to the blade, which is of sub-rectangular section at the break (20.9mm x 15.4mm), with convex faces, across their widths. There is the suggestion of ribs at the top of the blade faces but now lost to corrosion. Both breaks occurred in antiquity and the position of the breaks may suggest deliberate damage to the palstave. The surface is worn and corroded with a dark-green patina and areas of pale-green corrosion.



The fragmentary state of the palstave makes typological identification indeterminate but the slender form with a loop would suggest Low Flanged. Transitional or Late Palstaves of Taunton, Penard, Wilburton-Wallington or Ewart Park metalworking, dated to c. 1400 – 750BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,106.4,,,24,46.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Manorbier,SN0400,,51.66450608,-4.83548437,NMGW-342386,,20171531new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20171531new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126016.jpg
1019111,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1500,"Blade fragment from a Bronze Age axehead of uncertain type, probably of Early Bronze Age date, c. 2000 – 1500BC



The cast axehead is fragmentary, represented by the blade and is comparatively small (with a surviving length of 32.3mm and a weight of 18.2g).The body is rectangular-sectioned at the break (with a width of 17.8mm and a thickness of 5.1mm) and the sides are straight and moderately divergent, before diverging more sharply to the expanded blade edge, now worn (with a blade width of 26.6mm).  The sides are heavily-corroded and pitted but there is the suggestion of a casting seam evident on both sides. The faces are largely flat, before converging to the blade edge with a discernible blade facet (7mm from the blade edge). There is a slight bend across the length of the blade, suggesting the axe was bent prior to breaking. The corroded and pitted surface has a dark-green patina with areas of bright-green surface loss. 



The small and corroded blade fragment is difficult to identify in relation to typological features. The form is perhaps best paralleled with Early Bronze Age flat axes or Developed axe types and the narrow straight sided form and with a blade facet is suggestive of Developed types. The diminutive size may suggest an ‘axe-chisel’.  Flat and Developed axe types are associated with Metalworking Assemblages II – VI, corresponding with Needham’s (1996)[1] later Period 2 –to Period 4 but Developed types are of Periods 3-4, c. 2000 – 1500BC





[1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.2,,,5.1,32.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,New Moat,SN0621,,51.853785,-4.8183294,NMGW-449E7D,,2017811new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017811new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126186.jpg
1019114,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1200,"Copper alloy socketed fitting of uncertain function and date, possibly Bronze Age



The fitting is cast and is fragmentary broken in antiquity at one end (with a surviving length of 39.5mm and a weight of 38.6g). The mouth is irregular and sub-circular (with an internal diameter of 15mm – 18mm and a maximum thickness of 3.2mm) before a bulbous collar (with a maximum diameter of 26.3mm). The fitting gradually narrows before being near-parallel sided, gently convergent to the break (with a diameter of 16mm – 177mm). Immediately beneath the break are integral lugs now truncated (8mm -9mm long, 4mm thick with a surviving height of 2.3mm). The lugs had a circular perforation, suggesting both may have been loops. The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted with a dark, olive-green patina and areas of pale-green surface loss. Where the surface survives, beneath the loops, there are irregular striations from finishing.



The identification and date of the object is uncertain. The looped lugs on opposite sides of a socket is similar to socketed spearheads of Early to Middle Bronze Age date, of Davis’ (2012) Group 2 – 7 of Arreton, Acton Park and Taunton Metalworking, corresponding with Needham’s (1996)[1] Periods 4 -5, and dated to c. 1700 – 1200BC. However a bulbous mouth on a socketed spearhead would be very unusual and is difficult to parallel. Additionally, the narrow looped lugs with thin circular perforations would by unusual.





[1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,38.6,,26.3,,39.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,New Moat,SN0621,,51.853785,-4.8183294,NMGW-44E6F1,,2017812new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017812new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126194.jpg
1019119,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1300,"Butt fragment from a Bronze Age blade, possibly a rapier or dirk, and possibly dating to c. 1600 – 1300BC



The blade is fragmentary, represented by the incomplete butt and top of the blade (with a surviving length of 61.5mm and a weight of 40.0g). The butt is of irregular trapezoidal form and is thinnest at the end (with a maximum width of 45.6mm and a minimum thickness of 2.3mm). There are no obvious rivet holes surviving on the butt although a slight recess near the centre of the top edge may possibly be the remnants of a rivet hole. A central ridge is evident just before the end of the butt and develops as a prominent mid-ridge on the top of the blade. The butt is asymmetric, with three edges on one side and two on the other, although the maximum width of the butt from the central ridge is consistent on both sides. The butt both narrows and thickens to the top of the blade (with a width of 31mm and a thickness of 4.9mm). The blade narrows further towards the break (to 24.0mm wide and 5.2mm thick). The prominent mid-ridge along the blade creates a lozengic blade section. The blade edges have been lost on both sides. There are a number of striations running at different angles off the edges of the butt that appear to be preserved beneath the patina and are discernible on both faces. The surface has a dark-brown patina with areas of grey-green surface loss and bright-green corrosion.



The fragmentary state of the blade and loss of diagnostic features makes identification difficult. The trapezoidal butt form and prominent mid-ridge on the blade may tentatively suggest a Group II – III blade but the lack of rivet holes further complicates any identification. The butt is comparatively substantial, possibly suggesting a larger weapon, perhaps a Group III rapier ‘with damaged butt’. If the suggestion of a Group II – III blade is correct, then the weapon is likely to relate to Acton Park to Taunton metalworking, dating to c. 1600 – 1300BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,40,,,2.3,61.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Jeffreyston,SN0506,,51.71873558,-4.82439822,NMGW-455AE4,,201719new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/201719new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126209.jpg
1019120,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2100,-1900,"Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe of uncertain type, probably an axe-blank perhaps related to Type Migdale, c. 2,100 -1900BC



The cast flat axe is incomplete somewhat truncated and with considerable peripheral damage (with a maximum surviving length of 141.3mm and a weight of 356.0g) and has no developed features, comprising a sub-triangular bronze slab. The damaged butt is narrow and arched (with a width of 20mm and a thickness of 5.2mm). The sides are somewhat damaged but appear to be near-straight and divergent or gently concave, before widening more sharply near the blade (with a surviving blade edge width of 64.2mm and a thickness of 6.1mm) but not expanded. The straight blade does not have an edge and it is unclear whether the edge is truncated or was unworked. Both faces are flat (10.6mm 50mm from the blade end), although one face more so and suggests it was in contact with the mould during casting. The original surface has been lost and the surface is heavily-pitted and has a bright-green and light-brown corrosion. Damage at the sides (54mm) from the butt exposes a lamination running along the axe and evident from both sides and probably the result of the casting process. 



The axe has few diagnostic or developed features and has lost most of the edges, making any identification uncertain. The ‘as-cast’ face suggests that the axe is unworked and therefore may be interpreted as an axe blank. The general form with narrow butt and broad blade is perhaps closer to Migdale axe forms and suggests a contemporary date Visual analysis suggests the metal is a bronze, rather than copper but it has not been possible to scientifically test the alloy. If possible, analysis later may provide further evidence for the date of the axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,356,,,6.1,141.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,New Moat,SN0721,,51.8541318,-4.80382799,NMGW-457F5C,,2017159new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017159new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126210.jpg
1019121,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1450,"Bronze Age bronze palstave of Group I, Primary Shield Pattern type as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981)[1] and of Acton Park 1 metalworking Industry corresponding to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 4 and probably dated to c. 1600 – 1450BC



The palstave is near-complete, missing the top of the flanges and with some surface damage (with an overall length of 157mm and a weight of 316.0g). The butt (with a width of 24.0mm and a thickness of 5.0mm) is straight and is slightly angled. The sides are straight and near-parallel to a point below the stop (with a width at the stop of 26.2mm, where the axe has a depth of 31.6mm). Below the stop (13mm below) both sides have a transverse rib or nicked-sides. The sides are moderately divergent beneath the nicks, producing a comparatively narrow and unexpanded blade edge (with a blade width of 52.0mm). The casting seams are evident on both sides but have been neatly finished. The flanges rise from the butt and have a straight top edge, the tops are now truncated but probably reached their maximum heights above the stop (16mm above the stop and with a maximum surviving height of 29.7mm). The septum is flat and is near-perpendicular to the flanges and stops (with heights of 11.4mm and 12.9mm). The stops have a slight curve across their width and are very slightly under-cut. The stops are also raised above the faces (with a height of 8.6mm and a thickness of 4.0mm - 6.8mm). The flanges extend onto the faces (for 20mm), before converging together as a shield moulding, enclosing a shallow depression. Both faces also have a midrib beginning below the stop and forming a trident decoration with the shield. The faces have a sub-rectangular section but slightly convex and with a midrib.  There is no obvious blade facet on the unexpanded edge. The surface has a dark-brown patina, which has laminated to a mid-brown surface above a green-brown surface.



This palstave does not closely correspond with the two subtypes proposed by Schmidt and Burgess (1981) but is closer to their Type Acton Park but is considerably smaller than most palstaves of the type and also has a trident decoration, rather than a shield. 







[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,316,,,31.6,157,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,New Moat,SN0820,,51.84549655,-4.78877073,NMGW-45CE91,,2017181new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017181new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126211.jpg
1019123,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1600,"Blade fragment from an axehead of uncertain type and date, probably a Developed Flat Axe of Early Bronze Age date.



The axehead is fragmentary and heavily-corroded (with a surviving length of 52.5mm and a weight of 72.7g). The break occurred in antiquity and at the break, the axe body is slender and of sub-rectangular section (with a width of 22.3mm and a thickness of 8.9mm). The sides diverge moderately (for 24mm) before expanding sharply to produce an expanded blade edge (with a width of 50.0mm and an expanded edge length of 17mm). The faces are flat across their widths and also their lengths before a curved blade facet (19mm from the blade edge), positioned at the point where the blade is expanded. The edges of the faces appear to have slight ridges, seemingly the remnant ends of corroded flanges. The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted with no original surface surviving. But has a mid to bright green corrosion. 



The probable presence of flanges on the edges of the face would suggest the axehead was of a developed type. The fragmentary condition of the axehead makes further typological identification difficult and speculative. The slender body expanding sharply to a possible recurved blade may suggest an axe of Type Bandon as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 65-8)[1]. Developed Flat axes relate to Metalworking Assemblages IV -V and date to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 3, dated to c. 2050 – 1700BC. Type Bandon Axes probably relate to the Willerby assemblage (Metalworking Assemblage V) with a proposed date range of c. 1900 – 1600BC. 





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,72.7,,,8.9,52.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Templeton,SN1012,,51.77433652,-4.75538404,NMGW-45E3DD,,2017182new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017182new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126214.jpg
1019124,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe fragment of indeterminate type and of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries dated to c. 1,150 – 600BC



The fragmentary cast axe is represented by a blade fragment only (with a surviving length of 27.3mm, a blade edge width of 50.6mm, a maximum thickness of 12.3mm and a weight of 44.6g). The base of the socket is evident at break and is rectangular form (38.7mm x 7.0mm and with a maximum surviving depth of 14.6mm). The axe has broken above the blade tips with no surviving blade side remaining on the fragment.  The original edge blade edge has been lost and is eroded but has a moderate curved edge (with a surviving depth of 12mm). The surviving blade face fragments are convex across their widths and slightly convex across their short surviving lengths. The surface has remnant patches of a dark-brown patina and elsewhere has a pale green corrosion. 



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification indeterminate. The presence of a socket base would imply a Late Bronze Age date for the axe, c. 1,150 – 600BC, probably of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. The fragment is comparatively heavy, possibly suggesting a leaded bronze, consistent with late Bronze Age and particularly Ewart Park metalwork.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,44.6,,,12.3,27.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Jeffreyston,SN0805,,51.71079047,-4.78047182,NMGW-4619AD,,2017152new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017152new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126220.jpg
1019146,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of South Wales (Stogursey) Type and of Ewart Park metalworking industry dated to c. 950 – 750BC



The cast socketed axe is incomplete and damaged, missing the blade, an area of the mouth and is also perforation through one face (with a surviving length of 66.0 and a weight of 151.9g). The incomplete mouth is sub-rectangular to oval (48.5mm x 34.4mm (surviving)) and similarly the top of the socket is sub-rectangular (32.0mm x 26mm (incomplete)). The top of the mouth is moderately flat and has the suggestion of two, possibly three of the casting runner stubs, now corroded and worn. The mouth moulding is ‘lip-like’ and is short (5mm) and rounded. The loop springs from the base of the moulding (26mm long, 11.2mm high, 6.5mm wide) and is complete, enclosing a rounded D-shaped aperture (8.5mm x 6.1mm) with low casting flashes evident on the interior. The sides are near-straight for their surviving lengths, narrowing beneath the mouth before beginning to widen towards the missing blade, above the break (where the axe has a width of 40.0mm and depth of 13mm). The casting flashes are evident on both sides but are finished and rounded. The axe has broken above the socket base, leaving a slender oval aperture (24.0mm x 5.8mm) at the base. The sides of the axe are gently convex across the widths, giving the axe a near rectangular body section. The faces are straight and gradually convergent for the surviving lengths. Both faces are decorated with three parallel ribs and there is the suggestion that the face sides have also been enhanced to suggest ribs. Both faces were damaged during antiquity.  A pointed implement has been used to punch through the upper part of one face and the missing part of the opposite face is likely to be a result of the same action. Additionally, it seems likely that the blade has been removed. The surface is heavily-worn and corroded with a mid-green patina and may have been heat-affected, as evidenced by the coarse and crystalline-like surface condition. There is the suggestion of a black patina, partially preserved, possibly tenorite.



The damage on the axe appears to be deliberate, suggesting deliberate destructive treatment of the axe prior to deposition. Blade removal of the axe is unlikely to have occurred during normal use and experimental archaeology has indicated that an axe has to be heated to a high temperature to remove the blade, possibly resulting in the suggested heat-affected surface.   



The axe is of clear South Wales type but also has minor variations to the typical form, specifically the lipped mouth moulding, the suggestion of ribbed edges to the face and a more rectangular, rather than hexagonal body section.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,151.9,,,34.4,66,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Powys,Powys,Talybont-on-Usk,SO1123,,51.89841221,-3.29488981,NMGW-481C47,,NMWPA201942.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/NMWPA201942.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126301.jpg
1019150,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of uncertain type probably South Wales (Stogursey) or allied Type and of Ewart Park Metalworking, dating from c. 950 &ndash; 750BC

The cast axe is fragmentary, missing the mouth, one side and much of the faces (with a length of 78.1mm, a maximum surviving breadth of 26.2mm and a weight of 86.4g). The better preserved side has a small area of the mouth surviving, which is slightly out-turned (with a thickness of 4.8mm) with no discernible evidence for a collar moulding. The socket is of rounded rectangular form (with a depth of 60.9mm). The casting seam is raised, extenuated by a slight mismatching in the mould alignment but is neatly finished. The sides are moderately angled to the central seam, giving a sub-hexagonal body section to the axe. The side is straight along its length before a gentle expansion at the blade. The blade is very slightly expanded (with a blade width of 43.2mm) and has a modest curve (with a depth of 10mm). The original blade edge has been lost.&nbsp; The better preserved face (with a thickness of 2.9mm &ndash; 3.6mm) has a gentle convexity across both its length and width, with no blade facet evident. The face has the suggestion of parallel or near parallel ribs, now worn and corroded. The surface is heavily-corroded but there is a distinct black patina, possibly tenorite surviving over much of the external surface. Otherwise, the surface has corroded pale-green. 

The fragmentary condition of the axe, lacking the mouth makes typological identification uncertain. The general form, dimensions and ribbed decoration of the axe are all consistent with South Wales (Stogursey) Type axes of Ewart Park metalworking, c. 950 &ndash; 750BC. The heavily-patinated, possible tenorite deposits on the axe are of interest, possibly indicating a deliberate black colouring of the axe[1]. 


[1] Dr M. Davis Pers. Comm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,86.4,,,,78.1,1,,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Wick,SS9271,,51.42768114,-3.55483915,NMGW-48F425,,2019471.jpg,Bronze age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2019471.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126321.jpg
1019154,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1350,-1000,"Middle to Late Bronze Age bronze dirk with a Group IV blade of uncertain sub-type and of Penard metalworking industry dated to c. 1350 – 1000BC 



The dirk is incomplete missing the tip and with peripheral damage and is fragmentary, now in three fragments (with a combined surviving length of 186mm and a weight of 70.7g) in addition to the separate bronze rivet. The top edge of the butt is straight and has broken around one of the rivet holes (with a surviving width of 23.6mm and a thickness of 2.0mm). The surviving rivet hole is countersunk and circular (with a diameter of 5.7mm and a minimum distance between the rivet holes of 20.9mm) and an arc of approximately one-third from the damaged perforation is evident. The shoulders of the butt are eroded and damaged, now of uncertain form, one side is near-vertical and moderately straight, the other has the suggestion of widening before narrowing to the blade (with a maximum surviving width of 48.8mm where the butt has a thickness of 2.6mm), perhaps suggesting a butt of trapezoidal form. The top of the flattened midrib is evident at the base of butt, widest at its apex (at 34mm). The top of the midrib corresponds with a possible hilt mark, which appears straight and horizontal. There is also a straight horizontal mark on the opposite face but higher on the butt (14mm below the top edge, as opposed to 27mm). Both blade edges have been lost to erosion making the original form of the dirk uncertain. The flattened midrib is discernible along all of the surviving length and is widest at the top of the blade with straight convergent sides, becoming a narrow rib above the tip. The dirk reaches its maximum thickness (of 4.8mm) at its approximate mid-point, near the upper part of the central fragment. There is no decoration on the dirk. Striations are evident on the surface; there are deep vertical striations at the top of the butt, probably preserved from the finishing. Less prominent striations are evident running along the blade edge from sharpening. The surface has a dark-brown patina, with bright-green corrosion on damaged areas.



The rivet is near-ncomplete (with a length of 14.4mm and a weight of 1.7g), missing one end and has a slight bend. The surviving head is of sub-oval form (7.2mm x 6.3mm) and the shaft is of near-square section (4mm square) but with faceted corners. The surface has a dark-green patina



The erosion to the edges of the butt and blade makes typological identification uncertain, however the straight top edge of the butt, the two rivet holes, perhaps notched and the flattened mid-rib on the blade may suggest a Group IV blade, as defined by Burgess and Gerloff (1981, p. 62-112)[1]. The suggestion of a trapezoidal butt form, may suggest the butt was of ‘Archaic type’. Group IV blades are of Penard metalworking industry dated to c. 1350 – 1000BC 





[1] Burgess C.B. & Gerloff S., 1981; The Dirks and Rapiers of Great Britain and Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IV. Band 7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,70.7,,,4.8,186,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Merthyr Tydfil,Merthyr Tydfil,Vaynor,SO0411,,51.78938967,-3.39325809,NMGW-495E64,,2017128copy.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017128copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126311.jpg
1019156,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,"Bronze Age blade, from a sword or rapier of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, c. 1300 – 700BC



The blade is incomplete and fragmentary, now in three conjoining fragments (with a combined surviving length of 418mm and weights of 146.7g, 130.3g and 15.0g (292g combined)). The upper fragment has broken through a central rivet hole (of 3.6mm diameter, now 7mm from the damaged hilt top). The blade is thickest (at 10.0mm) across its hilt and appears to have been of rounded, sub-rectangular section. The hilt has lost both sides and therefore the ricasso and beginning of the blade are not evident. On one face there is a clear change of patination from a green-brown dull patina to a dark-brown ‘glossy’ patina. The difference is straight with an apparent step towards the blade edge and may represent a hilt mark. The variable patina is not evident on the other face. The blade is of lenticular section, with a rounded midsection but with a clear blade facet, where it survives on one short section (20mm long, 144mm below the top, where the blade has a width of 27mm and a thickness of 8.6mm). The blade form cannot be determined because of the loss of the blade edges on both sides but there is the impression that the sword narrows before widening again and perhaps, tentatively suggesting a leaf-shaped blade profile. The blade appears to be narrowing towards the lower section and may have been approaching the tip. Despite the considerable peripheral damage to the blade, much of the surface is well-preserved with sharpening striations evident, mostly running along the blade but also diagonally off the blade. There are no grooves evident along the blade. The hilt has deeper short grooves below the patina. The surface has a dark-brown patina with areas of brown surface loss and powdery, pale-green corrosion. 



The extensive peripheral erosion has removed nearly all the diagnostic features, making typological identification difficult. The comparatively substantial and thick blade would suggest a sword rather than a rapier. Additionally, the surviving rivet hole would further suggest a sword, the earliest sword types which have central rivet holes through the hilt are of Balintober Type, of Middle Bronze Age date and Penard metalworking, c. 1300 – 1150BC but the hilt arrangement continues through the Late Bronze Age, of Wilburton and Ewart Park metalworking, and is also present on Gündligen Swords of Earliest Iron Age date and Llyn Fawr metalworking (c. 800 – 600BC). The majority of swords recovered in both Wales and Britain are of Ewart Park Type (c. 950 – 800BC) and the surviving features are consistent with the type. The extent of the erosion and damage may suggest that the sword was complete when deposited.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,292,,,10,418,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Merthyr Tydfil,Merthyr Tydfil,Bedlinog,SO1002,,51.70948966,-3.30395997,NMGW-49B5F1,,2017104new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017104new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126317.jpg
1019157,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1000,"Bronze Age bronze axehead, blade fragment probably from a Developed axe, cast flanged axe or palstave of Early to Late Bronze Age date, probably c. 1700 – 1000BC



The axehead is fragmentary, represented by the blade only (with a surviving length of 47.5mm and a weight of 98.0g). The break has occurred in antiquity and the axe is of sub-rectangular section at the break (with a width of 34mm and a thickness of 11.1mm). The sides are somewhat straight and divergent (for 20mm) before flaring outwards to the blade tips to produce a moderately expanded blade edge (with a surviving blade width of 52.4mm). Any casting seams on the sides are no longer evident, probably masked by corrosion and surface loss. The original blade edge has been lost and the blade edge is now asymmetric, differentially worn on one side and has a comparatively deep curve.  The blade faces appear moderately flat before converging to the edge, with a possible subtle blade facet (16mm from the edge). There is a prominent mid-ridge evident on both faces but more noticeable on the better preserved face. It is possible that the mid-ridge may be the distal end of a midrib but may also have had a consistent ridge along the length of the blade. The surface is partially preserved on one face with a dark-green to brown patina and has been lost on the other. There are a number of scratches or striations on the area of preserved surface and appear to be beneath the patina. 



The fragmentary condition of the axe makes typological identification difficult, the central blade ridge suggests an axe of Developed Type or palstave blade, suggesting a the axe belonged to Arreton tradition at the earliest, dated from c. 1700BC to and probably through to Wilburton at the latest, c. 1000BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,98,,,11.1,47.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Caerphilly,Caerphilly,Darran Valley,SO1105,,51.7366159,-3.29025869,NMGW-49DA31,,2017150new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017150new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126318.jpg
1019179,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"Middle to Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead of Acton Park to Ewart Park metalworking phase, c. 1550 – 800BC



The cast spearhead is incomplete, missing the base of the socket and the basal parts of both blades (with a surviving length of 103.3mm and a weight, including sediment in the socket of 78.0g).  At the break the spearhead is sub-circular sectioned (with a maximum diameter of 16.4mm) and the internal socket is sub-circular to oval (10mm x 11.5mm). The socket is considerably thicker on one side (5.0mm thick compared to 0.8mm) causing a weakness in the socket wall and probably resulting in the break. There is no evidence that the socket has broken through perforations for attachment. The damaged blades are present at the break across the socket (giving a surviving width of 19.5mm). The blades are largely damaged and truncated, surviving on one side (with a length of 51.6mm and a thickness of 1.6mm) and has a moderate convex curve to the tip. The blade edge is evident over short areas but has largely been lost. The socket is conical, gradually narrowing to the tip (where it has a diameter of 3mm). Striations are evident where the surface survives, running along the socket and adjacent blade. The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted with a dark-brown patina and some patches of green corrosion.



The fragmentary condition of the spearhead where the diagnostic features have been lost, makes typological identification indeterminate. Socketed spearheads begin in Arreton phase towards the end of The Early Bronze Age and continue to the Ewart Park Phase of the Late Bronze Age. The form of the spearhead probably suggests that it is unlikely to be from the types found in the Arreton phase and is likely to date from Acton Park to Ewart Park, dated to c. 1550 – 800BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,78,,,16.4,103.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Willersley and Winforton,SO3147,,52.11699475,-3.00911745,NMGW-5B950C,,201943.jpg,bronze age socketed spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/201943.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126435.jpg
1019188,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Early to Middle Bronze Age bronze palstave of Group II, Early Midribbed type, and of Type Chepstow as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p. 125-7)[1] and of Acton Park metalworking Industry corresponding to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 4 and probably dated to c. 1600 – 1400BC



The palstave is near-complete, with minor damage to the blade edge and some surface loss (with an overall length of 166mm and a weight of 361.8g). The butt (with a width of 22.8mm and a thickness of 3.2mm) is straight and perpendicular to the sides. The sides are straight and slightly widening to a point below the stop (with a width at the stop of 32.4mm, where the stops have a height of 24.5mm) before prominent side mouldings or ‘nicked sides’ (giving a width of 36.5mm). The sides are gently curved along the blade, before flaring out to the blade tips, producing an  expanded and rounded blade edge, slightly damaged at the blade tips (with a blade width of 77.1mm and a blade depth of 22mm). The casting seams are barely evident on both sides and have been neatly finished, particularly on the sides of the blade. The flanges rise from the beneath the butt (17mm beneath) and have a gentle curve reaching their apexes above the stop (20mm above where the flanges have a height of 34.6mm and a thickness of 24.4mm at the stop). The septum is near-straight and slightly rounded across its width (33mm long and 18 – 19mm wide). The stops have a slight curve across their widths, are vertical sided (with a stop height of 8.4mm - 8.8mm and are raised above the faces (with a height of 4mm-5mm and a thickness of 5mm). A single rib extends from the stop on each blade face (for a length of 44mm and 49mm). The faces are slightly hollowed each side of the rib to suggest raised blade edges. There is a subtle rounded blade facet evident on both faces (19mm - 20mm from the blade edge). No obvious sharpening striations are discernible on the blade. The surface has begun to laminate at the blade edge and is damaged on one flange, otherwise the surface has a mid to dark-red brown patina.  



The palstave is of Early Midribbed Type and its broad form with subtle ‘flange extensions’ and prominent nicked sides, all indicate Type Chepstow, which corresponds to Acton Park metalworking and can be dated to c. 1600 – 1400BC.





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,361.8,,,,166,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llantrisant,ST0285,,51.55534308,-3.41494235,NMGW-5CA325,,201949.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/201949.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126467.jpg
1019198,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"Bronze Age spearhead, probably of Late Bronze Age date



The spearhead is fragmentary, represented by the top end but with the tip missing and has broken in antiquity (with a surviving length of 55.5mm and a weight of 42.3g). The spearhead has broken through the central circular socket (with an internal diameter of 11.1mm and a surviving depth of 19.6mm). The position of the socket is marked by a prominent, rounded midrib (with a width of 11mm, a height of 3mm and giving a maximum surrounding overall depth of 12.0mm). The midrib gradually narrows as it approaches the tip (with a width of 7mm at the break) but retains its height. The blade edges are lost but the surviving edges suggest they may have been straight and gradually convergent to the tip, producing a triangular form to the upper part of the spearhead. If the straight blade edge continued to the tip, some 49mm of the tip have been lost. The spear is solid at the upper break (with socket terminating 33mm below the break and with a width of 18mm and a thickness of 8.6mm). The blade edges had prominent facets, preserved over much of the blade. There is the suggestion of sharpening striations running along the blade, partially preserved on both faces.  The surface is has a dark-green patina, possibly with tin surface enrichment in areas. 



The fragmentary condition of the spearhead makes typological identification difficult but the form is consistent with spearheads of Middle and Late Bronze Age date, c. 1500 – 700BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.3,,,12,55.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llantwit Fardre,ST1184,,51.54784751,-3.28491027,NMGW-5DE788,,spear.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/spear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126499.jpg
1019211,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1150,400,"A copper alloy tool, possibly an awl, scriber or a stylus. The tool is 52.9mm in length, with a flat wedge-shaped terminal and square to sub rounded cross section with lenticular side profile. The body tapers along its length into a pointed terminal with circular cross section, which has been bent.",Plain copper alloy awls and scribing tools are hard to date precisely but are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most examples being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC). The combination of a pointed tip and a spatulate terminal on this object suggests that it could alternatively be a stylus of Roman date.,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,2018-10-04T23:00:00Z,,,,4.81,,,4.1,52.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Bicester,SP5724,From finder,51.91162454,-1.17276349,SUR-6DA507,,SUR6DA507.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR6DA507.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126547.jpg
1019257,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A fragment of cast copper alloy spearhead of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1400- 800 BC). The spearhead is broadly triangular in shape with both long edges and the tip well preserved. A strong narrow mid-rib is present terminating near the tip. The mid-rib does not divide the fragment evenly suggesting that the blades had been sharpened on a regular basis with one edge being worn away more than the other. Blade bevels on both long edges are present. The break is patinated suggesting that it is due to old damage rather than something more recent in the burial environment. It is possible that the break was a deliberate one prior to deposition when the weapon was ‘decommissioned’. This is more likely as the depositional landscape is dominated with streams and drained / improved wetland fields with poor drainage (further indicated by the iron staining from soil mineralisation / panning present on the lower blade). The blade is a mid-green colour with a well formed surface patina. A direct parallel and date cannot be attributed due to the undiagnostic nature of the fragment. It is most likely to be later Middle Bronze Age (1400-1150 BC) in form due to its strong lozenge sectioned.

Length: 65 mm

Width: 25 mm

Weight: 13.69 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.69,,,,65,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Blaby,Thurlaston,SP4898,GPS (from the finder),52.57770464,-1.29310086,LEIC-822199,,822199.jpg,BA Spearhead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/822199.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126722.jpg
1019373,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Middle to Late Bronze Age bronze tanged chisel, known as a trunnion tool, probably dating from 1500BC to 800BC



The trunnion tool is near-complete, heavily corroded with peripheral erosion (with a length of 164mm and a weight of 119.4g). The butt is narrow, thin and rounded (with a width of 9mm and a thickness of 3.9mm). The sides are straight and gradually divergent to the two trunnions. The chisel is thickest at the position of the trunnions (63mm  - 78mm from the butt, where it has a maximum thickness of 10.3mm). The trunnions are now of rounded form (giving a maximum width to the tool of 33.1mm, protruding by 2-4mm and are 15mm wide). The sides of the blade are also straight and divergent towards the blade edge, now eroded (with a surviving width of 21.5mm). The blade edge has been lost and the edge is damaged, longer on one side. One face of the tool is more convex across its length than the other and both faces are flat across their widths, becoming gently convex along the blade. The surface of the tool has largely been lost, with a pale, bright-green corrosion underlying a grey-brown corroded surface. There is one surviving patch of dark brown patina surviving on one face near the position of the trunnions. 



Trunnion tools are a long-lived form of chisel spanning from the Arreton tradition at the end of the Early Bronze Age (1700-1500BC) to the Late Bronze Age (1150-800BC) (Brailsford 1953, 34, Fig. 12[1]; Burgess & Cowen 1972, 169-74[2]). A number of trunnion tools have been recovered from along the northern Marches and in north-east Wales. Examples have been found in the Broxton (Cheshire), Ebnal (Shropshire) and the Meol Brace (Shropshire) hoards. The former was associated with two Group III low-flanged palstaves and a basal-looped spearhead dated to the Taunton period of the Middle Bronze Age (1400-1275BC) (Davey & Forster 1975 Cat. 66[3],; Longley 1987, 96-103[4]).  The latter, associated with two transitional palstaves of the Penard phase. A rich hoard from Burton, Wrexham contained two palstaves of Transitional type along with a number of gold ornaments dating to the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age. (Gwilt, Lodwick & Davis 2004)[5]. Single finds of trunnion tools have also been made at Talerddig (Powys), Llandudno (Conwy) (Hemp 1925)[6] and Llangynog (Carmarthenshire)[7]. While some trunnion tools can date from the end of the early Bronze Age, most associated examples are recovered from hoards dated to the Middle Bronze Age.





[1]Brailsford, J.W.; 1953, Later Prehistoric Antiquities of The British Isles, London: British Museum.



[2] Burgess, C. & Cowen, J.D.; 1972, The Ebnal Hoard and Early Bronze Age Metal-working Traditions, 



In F. Lynch & C. burgess (eds.), Prehistoric Man in Wales and the West; Essays in honour of 



Lily F. Chitty, Bath: Adams & Dart, 167-81.



[3] Davey, P.J. & Forster, E.; 1975, Bronze Age Metalwork from Lancashire and Cheshire, Liverpool: 



University of Liverpool Department of Prehistoric Archaeology.



[4] Longley, D.M.T.; 1987, Prehistory: The Later Bronze Age c.1500-c. 700BC, In B.E. Harris (ed.), A 



History of the County of Chester; Volume I: Physique, Prehistory, Roman, Anglo-Saxon and 



Domesday, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 92-103.



[5] Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Davis, M.; 2004, Burton Wrexham: Middle Bronze Age hoard of gold ornaments and bronze tools with a pot; Treasure Annual Report 2004



[6] Hemp, W.J.; 1925, The Trunnion Celt in Britain, The Antiquaries Journal, 5, 51-4.



[7] PAS Cymru reference: NMWPA 2012.40;",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,119.4,,,10.3,164,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Neath Port Talbot,Neath Port Talbot,Pontardawe,SN6709,,51.76383877,-3.92865316,NMGW-C26E90,,20171651new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20171651new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126891.jpg
1019383,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1800,"Early Bronze Age bronze butt fragment from an axe of uncertain type but of Flat or Developed Axe form 



The axe is represented by a butt fragment only, broken at one end in antiquity (with a surviving length of 50.2mm and a weight of 51.0g). The butt end is evenly rounded (with a width of 20mm and a thickness of 0.9mm). The sides are straight and divergent for their lengths to the break (where the axe has a width of 28.0mm and a thickness of 8.6mm).  The axe butt has a near-rectangular body section, with one face flatter across its width than the other. There is no suggestion of flanges present on the fragment. The corroded surface is heavily-pitted with a dark-green patina and areas of pale-green corrosion and surface loss. . The surface condition and patina suggest a bronze rather than copper composition, although it has not been possible to analyse the composition. 



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult and uncertain. The slender, rounded butt form, absence of flanges and the presumed bronze composition would be consistent with axes of Needham’s type 3 and in relation to Schmidt and Burgess (1981)[1] typology may have been of Migdale, Aylesford or allied types. Axes of these types are likely to be date to the Early Bronze Age, perhaps between c. 2200 – 1800BC.





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,51,,,0.9,50.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Powys,Powys,Talgarth,SO1433,,51.98877017,-3.25380522,NMGW-C2EEE6,,20171094new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20171094new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126909.jpg
1019391,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe, probably of South Wales (Stogursey) Type and of Ewart Park metalworking, dated to Needham’s (1997) Period 7, c. 950 – 750BC



The socketed axe is fragmentary, missing the upper part of the axe and the loop (with a surviving length of 58.3mm and a weight of 76.9g). The break occurred in antiquity and does not appear to have been the result of an evident weakness (at the break the axe has dimensions of 33mm x 23mm and with a maximum surviving socket depth of 43.6mm). One of the faces has impacted damage, forcing the face into the socket and possibly suggests deliberate damage. The other face has a crack extending from the break down the face (for 14mm).  The more complete side has the stub from the lower attachment of the loop. Beneath the loop the side is moderately straight, before flaring slightly to the gently expanded blade edge (giving a blade width of 39.00mm), slightly truncated. The blade edge has a shallow curve (with a depth of 9mm). The sides of the axe are bevelled towards the centre, where the casting seam is evident but has been neatly finished. The faces appear to have been moderately flat across both their lengths and widths and gradually convergent to the blade edge. The faces were probably decorated with three convergent ribs and additionally sides of the faces appear to have been enhanced with ribbed mouldings. Deep striations are evident on the better preserved face, running diagonally from the blade edge and extending to the break. The striations appear to be beneath the patina and are too extensive to be sharpening striations. The surface is corroded and pitted with a dark-green patina and patches of bright-green corrosion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,76.9,,,43.6,58.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanarth,SO3721,,51.88398433,-2.91671538,NMGW-C33C2D,,20171562new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20171562new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126919.jpg
1019419,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Early to Middle Bronze Age bronze palstave of Group I, Primary Shield Pattern type as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981)[1] and of Acton Park metalworking Industry corresponding to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 4 and probably dated to c. 1600 – 1400BC



The palstave is near-complete, with some damage to the flanges (with an overall length of 138.3mm and a weight of 361.8g). The butt (with a width of 23.2mm and a thickness of 4.8mm) is near-straight lower at the centre. The sides are straight and near-parallel to a point below the stop (with a width at the stop of 15.8mm, where the stops have a height of 24.0mm and the flanges have a height of 27.9mm). The sides have a linear divergence along the blade, before flaring out to the blade tips, producing a moderately expanded and rounded blade edge (with a blade width of 55.0mm and a blade depth of 18mm). The casting seams are evident on both sides but have been neatly finished but there is no ridged or ‘nicked’ sides evident. The flanges rise from the butt and would have had a straight top edge but are now damaged, giving the suggestion of a rounded lozenge form to the sides of the axe.  The flanges reached their maximum heights just above the stop (16mm above the stop and with a maximum surviving height of 32.8mm). The septum is gently rounded across its width but near-perpendicular to the flanges and stops (with a maximum flange heights of 13.1mm and a stop height of 7.8mm - 8.6mm). The stops have a slight curve across their widths and both stops extend above the faces (with a height of 4.2mm and a thickness of 5mm - 6mm).Because of a hollowing at the top of the blade the flanges have the impression of extending onto the faces. Both faces have hollowing beneath the stop, although appearing rounded, related to a ‘shield’ form on one face and more squared on the other. There is the suggestion of a weak midrib on one face, through the shield-shaped hollowing and extending onto the blade (with a length of 36mm). No rib is discernible on the other face. There is a clear rounded blade facet on both faces (20mm from the blade edge). The surface is heavily-pitted with much of the original surface lost and with a dark-brown patina. The surface is magnetic, suggesting deposition within iron rich deposits, possibly boggy. 



The palstave is of an early form and has a depression below the stop rather than a shield moulding. The suggestion of a subtle midrib may indicate similarities to ‘Early Midribbed palstaves’. Primary Shield Pattern and Early Midribbed palstaves are likely to both be of Acton Park metalworking, dated to c. 1600 – 1400BC.





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,361.8,,,18,138.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanover,SO3310,,51.78463104,-2.97268788,NMGW-C40459,,2017155new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017155new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126949.jpg
1019424,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-900,"Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead of uncertain type, possibly pegged or side-looped, probably of Wilburton Metalworking, dated to c. 1200 – 900BC



The cast spearhead is fragmentary, missing the basal end and was comparatively large (with a surviving length of 141.0mm and a weight of 75.8g). The blade appears to have been of lozenge of kite-shaped form and has broken on one side near its base and on the other side near its widest point. The socket interior is evident at the break (with a maximum surviving depth of 114.6mm, ending 35mm from the tip) and there is also a blade edge facet discernible, suggesting the blade has broken at its start. There is no suggestion of a loop-hole, suggesting the spearhead was not of a Basal Looped type. The blade edge appears to widen with a linear edge (for 43mm, where the spearhead has a maximum surviving width of 42.5mm), the blade edge then has a near-linear convergence to the tip. The socket position is marked by the circular-sectioned midrib on the faces (with a thickness at the break of 1.0mm and a maximum depth through the midrib of 12.6mm), which gradually narrows and thins towards the tip. The blade wings thin slightly towards the edge (with a maximum thickness at the midrib of 5.0mm and a thickness before the edge facet of 3.4mm).  The stepped blade bevel or blade facet is preserved along much of the surviving blade edge (with a maximum width of 5.7mm). Some of the damage to the blade edge may be contemporary with its use but much of the edge, particularly the shorter side is more recently damaged. The surface is somewhat pitted and corroded with a dark-brown patina. Linear striations running along the blade wings are preserved beneath the patina. There is a bend just above the widest point of the blade but a loss of patina and green corrosion at the bend may suggest that the damage occurred more recently.



The absence of the socket makes typological identification uncertain and the lozenge or kite-shaped blade form is also a little unusual. The more commonly–recovered types consistent with the form of the fragmentary spearhead are pegged, of Davis’ generic Group 11 (2015)[1], or possibly of a side-looped type, Davis’ (ibid) Group 6, although the blade would seem to be too large for a Group 6 spearhead. Socketed Spearheads of Davis’ Generic Group 11 can be dated to the Wilburton phase of the Late Bronze Age, dated by Needham et al (1996)[2] to c. 1200 – 900BC.





[1] Davis, R., 2015; The Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung V. Band 5.



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,75.8,,,12.6,141,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanarth,SO3910,,51.78531859,-2.88571887,NMGW-C48E3B,,2017185new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017185new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126962.jpg
1019427,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-11500,-600,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe fragment of indeterminate type and of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries dated to c. 1,150 – 600BC



The fragmentary cast axe is represented by a blade fragment only (with a surviving length of 25.4mm, a maximum thickness of 11.5mm and a weight of 42.6g). At the top of the fragment is the base of the socket, now worn and corroded but probably of sub-rectangular form (29mm wide and with a maximum surviving depth of 2mm). Little of the either side of the axe survives (with a maximum surviving length of 18mm) but the short length are straight and divergent (producing a blade width of 44.9mm and a width of 40.8mm at the break). The blade edge is not expanded and has a gentle curve. (7.1mm deep).  The surviving blade face fragments are convex across their widths and near-straight across their short surviving lengths with no evidence for ribs present on the fragment. The surface is pitted with a corroded dark-brown patina and areas of green corrosion. There are probable casting flaws at the break, which are likely to have weakened the axe.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification indeterminate. The presence of a socket base would imply a Late Bronze Age date for the axe, c. 1,150 – 600BC, probably of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. The fragment is comparatively heavy, possibly suggesting a leaded bronze, consistent with late Bronze Age and particularly Ewart Park metalwork. The unexpanded and shallow blade form is consistent with Ewart Park axes of South Wales and similar types.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.6,,,11.5,25.4,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llanarth,SO3910,,51.78531859,-2.88571887,NMGW-C4D532,,2017183new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017183new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126968.jpg
1019435,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, probably of Ewart Park Metalworking and of Needham’s Period 7 



The cast socketed axe is incomplete, broken in antiquity and is missing the upper part of the body, including the mouth and loop (with a surviving length of 45.5mm and a weight of 51.0g). The axe body is of sub-rectangular section at the break (with dimensions 28.9mm x 16.4mm). The socket is oval sectioned (22.3mm x 12.8mm and 8.5mm deep). The wall thickness is variable, considerably thicker on the sides (at 2.6mm) compared to the faces (at 0.9mm). The sides are straight and near-parallel, before expanding sharply to the slightly recurved blade tips (giving a blade width of 38.9mm) and producing a curved blade edge. The casting seams are evident on both sides but have ben neatly fettled. There are no discernible ribs on the either face. There is a point impact depression immediately below the break on one face and a rounded indent at the break on the other face. Both faces are moderately straight and convergent before converging more sharply at the blade but with no obvious blade facet. The surface is pitted and corroded with a dark-green patina. 



The missing mouth makes typological identification difficult. The comparatively small size of the axe suggests that it is not of South Wales type but the form is consistent with axes of Ewart Park metalworking, dated to c. 1000 – 750BC.



The axe was reported with the socketed containing sediment which was removed at AC-NMW. At the base of the socket was loose organic fibrous deposits, possibly the remains of the wooden haft.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,51,,,,45.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llantilio Crossenny,SO4014,,51.82138675,-2.87191739,NMGW-C52206,,2017291new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017291new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1126979.jpg
1019477,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Bronze Age bronze Early Short-Flanged axe, possibly of Type Bannockburn as defined by Schmidt and Burgess (1981, p.76-7)[1] but of Acton Park 1 metalworking industry, straddling the end of the Early Bronze Age to beginning of the Middle Bronze Age; c. 1600 – 1400BC



The axe is complete with minimal corrosion and is comparatively large (with a length of 184mm and a weight of 678.7g). The butt is straight (with a width of 16.2mm and a thickness of 2.3mm) and is slightly angled across its width. The sides are straight and gently divergent as far as the ‘nicked’ ridges, below the stop (with a width at the stop of 32.9mm, a width of 35.8mm above the nicks and a width of 40.0mm across the nicks). Below the nicked ridges, the sides are concave and divergent to produce a splayed blade edge (with a blade width of 81.7mm). The blade edge has an even rounded curve. The casting seams are barely discernible and have been neatly and carefully finished. Beneath the nicks on the sides of the blade are decorative hammer facets.  The flanges are comparatively low, beginning at the butt and reaching their zenith just above the stop (with a maximum height of 25.2mm and a maximum height above the septum of 8.9mm) and continue onto the blade, ending at the position of the nicked ridges. The flanges are angled or bevelled inwards and converge slightly on the blade to incorporate the shield-pattern moulding. One of the flanges has an additional facet near its top edge not evident on the other three flanges. The septum (16mm long and 9mm wide) is flat and is near-perpendicular to the flanges and stop. There are hammered recesses and transverse ridges across the septum on both faces, immediately above the stop. The bar ledge stop is vertical (with a maximum height of 11.4mm above the septum and 7.3mm above the blade and is 3.3mm thick) and in side view, projects slightly above the flanges. The shield decoration is formed by a raised moulding and extends from the base of the flanges (with a length from the stop of 52mm). The blade is rectangular sectioned but the faces are gently convex across their widths. The blade faces are also convex across their lengths and convergent with no discernible blade facets. The blade appears to be more finished than are area within the shield, which shows hammer marks and casting flaws. Neither hammering facets nor sharpening striations are evident on the blade. The unpatinated surface has some pitting and some small patches of pale-green corrosion. 



The axe is of interesting form and should perhaps be considered as transitional between flanged axes and early palstaves. The long and low flanges extending into the shield pattern moulding, the faceted flanges and hammer-decoration on the nicked-sides are all features common to flanged axes. The axe form can be paralleled in an example recorded by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 77, pl. 55, no. 431) as Type Bannockburn. The prominent bar ledge stop however perhaps relates to primitive shield palstaves. Needham (1996, p 133)[2] and others have argued that there is considerable overlap for ‘final EBA and earliest MBA’ types and this axe form would appear to relate to this overlap of types.  





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,678.7,,,25.2,184,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Cardiff,Cardiff,Pentyrch,ST0979,From finder,51.50258281,-3.31245204,NMGW-C72646,,20161131.jpg,Bronze Age Short-Flanged Axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/20161131.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127040.jpg
1019492,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete, cast, copper alloy awl of probable Late Bronze Age date (c.1150-800 cal BC).  The object is slightly bent and sub-rectangular in cross section.  The blunt end gradually thickens along the tang to a wider mid-section 4.3mm in diameter before tapering to a point.  Found with a second, smaller complete copper alloy awl (OXON-D77AEC).



The awl is 58.2mm in length, 4.3mm at the widest section and 1.5mm in diameter at the blunt end.  It weighs: 3.9 grams.



Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). Plain awls are difficult to date but most are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They are generally considered to be Later Bronze Age in date (c.1600-800 cal BC) however, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002). Similar examples on the PAS database are numerous and include SUR-398CA4, OXON-C4D536, OXON-FC5735, PUBLIC-E1E3A8 and DOR-03E430","From OXON-C4D536:- Plain awls are difficult to date but most are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They are generally considered to be Later Bronze Age in date (c.1600-800 cal BC) however, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002). Similar examples on the PAS database are numerous and include SUR-398CA4, OXON-C4D536, OXON-FC5735, PUBLIC-E1E3A8 and DOR-03E430",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-02-19T00:00:00Z,,,,3.9,,,,58.2,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Merton,SP5718,GPS (from the finder),51.85768493,-1.17375277,OXON-D74956,,OXOND74956largerawl.jpg,Bronze Age: Awl,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bertie123/OXOND74956largerawl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127113.jpg
1019496,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete, cast, copper alloy awl of probable Late Bronze Age date (c.1150-800 cal BC).  The object is slightly bent and flat in sub-section at one end and sub-rectangular in cross section at the point.  The blunt end gradually thickens along the tang to a wider mid-section 3.4mm in diameter before tapering to a point.  Found with a second, slightly larger complete copper alloy awl (OXON-D74956).



The awl is 42.5mm in length, 3.4mm at the widest section and 2.0mm in diameter at the blunt end.  It weighs: 1.7g.



Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). Referred to as ""pointed punches"" by Coles (1963-64 117). Plain awls are difficult to date but most are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They are generally considered to be Later Bronze Age in date (c.1600-800 cal BC) however, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002). Similar examples on the PAS database are numerous and include SUR-398CA4, OXON-C4D536, OXON-FC5735, PUBLIC-E1E3A8 and DOR-03E430",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-02-19T00:00:00Z,,,,1.7,,,,42.5,1,Dr. Lindsey Smith,Dr. Lindsey Smith,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Merton,SP5718,GPS (from the finder),51.85768493,-1.17375277,OXON-D77AEC,,OXOND77AECsmallerawlcopy.jpg,Bronze Age Awl,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bertie123/OXOND77AECsmallerawlcopy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127116.jpg
1019601,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Three pieces of copper alloy casting debris found together of uncertain date



The casting waste comprises a casting jet and two pieces of dross. The casting jet is of conical form (with a maximum diameter of 26.0mm, a length of 14.0mm and a weight of 28.5g) The underside of the jet has three runner stubs, now truncated but appear comparatively slender (with a diameter of 4mm). The upper surface is concave and undulating. 



The dross is irregular (weighing 19.1g and 16.0g) and one of the pieces is wedge-shaped and may be a fragment but has lost all the original surface.



The surface has corroded pale-green with a dark-green patina surviving. 



The casting waste of undetermined age, possibly Bronze Age but may be more recent",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Reynoldston,SS4889,,51.57930909,-4.19506158,NMGW-ED411B,,20171641bnew.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20171641bnew.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127319.jpg
1019657,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Middle Bronze Age bronze socketed spearhead of Davis’ (2012)[1] Group 6: Developed side-looped, unclassified (Greenwell and Brewis (1909)[2] Class IV (or socket -looped)) spearheads and of later Arreton, Acton Park, Taunton or early Wilburton metalworking (c. 1500 – 1100BC), of Needham’s (1996)[3] Periods 4-5 



The spearhead is near-complete missing one loop and with some damage to the socket mouth (with a length of 94.0mm and a weight of 39.2g). The incomplete socket is sub-circular (with a maximum internal diameter of 13.5mm and an external diameter of 14.5mm - 15.9mm). The socket has a depth of 30, possibly with concretions or corrosion at the base. There is a subtle groove around the socket above the mouth (3mm above the socket). The sides of the socket are near-straight and gradually convergent. One of the loops is complete 



and is flat-topped of linear form (20mm long by 3mm wide), which begin 20mm from the socket mouth. The perforations beneath the loops are slender and oval (4.0-5mm long and 2mm high). Both sides have a ridge, running between the mouth and the base of the loop. Between the top of the loop and the base of the blade are five to six short horizontal incised lines, perhaps referencing or accommodating the binding. Only a small part of the blade survives (with a surviving length of 18.6mm and maximum surviving width of 45.6mm) but the gentle curve may suggest a leaf-shaped blade. The damaged blade edge with a blade facet is evident and survives on one side. Above the loop, the socket becomes increasingly oval-sectioned and defines a prominent midrib along the blade, as far as the break (with a thickness at the break of 9.5mm). The break occurred in antiquity and the socket (4.9mm diameter) is off-centre at the break (with a minimum thickness of 0.4mm). The spearhead has been neatly finished with no casting flashes evident. The surface of the spearhead is partially-preserved with a dark brown patina. Sharpening striations are evident beneath the patina running along the blade on the better preserved face. 





Group 6, side-looped spearheads have a long-lived production, spanning the end of Arreton in the Early Bronze Age to Wilburton at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age. A side-looped spearhead of Davis’ (2012) Group 6, Type A was found in the Thames at Mortlake, now in the Museum of London[4], and had remnants of the wooden shaft surviving. The shaft was radiocarbon dated by Needham et al (1997, DOB 31)[5] to 1680 – 1400BC (with 95% confidence). A Group 6, Type D spearhead from Tormarton, Gloucestershire has two radiocarbon dates (1390 – 1010BC and 1310-1057BC) (Davis 







[1] Davis, R., 2012; The Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung V. Band 5.



[2] Greenwell, W. & Brewis, W.P. 1909, The origin, evolution and classification of the bronze spear-head in Great Britain and Ireland, Archaeologia 61: 439-472



[3] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[4] Accession number: A11811



[5] Needham, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C., Pettitt, P.; 1997; An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme; Archaeological Journal 154, p. 55-107",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,39.2,,,30,94,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Mumbles,SS6189,,51.58266742,-4.00757516,NMGW-F14218,,201744new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/201744new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127412.jpg
1019670,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Middle Bronze Age bronze socketed spearhead of Davis’ (2012)[1] Group 6: Developed side-looped, unclassified (Greenwell and Brewis (1909)[2] Class IV (or socket-looped)) spearheads and of later Arreton, Acton Park, Taunton or early Wilburton metalworking (c. 1500 – 1100BC), of Needham’s (1996)[3] Periods 4-5 



The spearhead is incomplete missing the tip, much of the blade edge and with some damage to the socket mouth (with a surviving length of 150.1mm and a weight of 45.6g). The truncated socket is sub-circular (with a maximum internal diameter of 14mm and an external diameter of 17.6mm - 18.5mm). The socket retains some of the sediment and has a depth of 75, possibly with sediment or corrosion at the base. The socket has two clear ridges, which develop into prominent mid-ridges on along the blade. The sides of the socket have integral loops, only one of which survives and is flat-topped of linear form (13mm long by 3mm wide), which begin 28mm from the socket mouth at present. The perforations beneath the loops are slender and oval (5.5mm long and 2.8mm high). There is a weak ridge on both sides running from the loop to the blade, giving the top of the socket a sub-lozenge section. Only a small part of the blade survives (with a surviving length of 88mm and maximum surviving width of 5mm) but the slender convergent form may suggest a flame-shaped blade. No detail survives on the small fragment of surviving blade edge. The tip is missing and is likely to have broken in antiquity. The spearhead has been neatly finished with no casting flashes evident. The surface of the spearhead is partially-preserved but with the surface now flaking and with a mid to dark brown patina. 



Group 6, side-looped spearheads have a long-lived production, spanning the end of Arreton in the Early Bronze Age to Wilburton at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age. A side-looped spearhead of Davis’ (2012) Group 6, Type A was found in the Thames at Mortlake, now in the Museum of London[4], and had remnants of the wooden shaft surviving. The shaft was radiocarbon dated by Needham et al (1997, DOB 31)[5] to 1680 – 1400BC (with 95% confidence). A Group 6, Type D spearhead from Tormarton, Gloucestershire has two radiocarbon dates (1390 – 1010BC and 1310-1057BC) (Davis 2012, ibid. p 7). Most Group 6 spearheads however are likely to date from Acton Park and Taunton industries. Damage to the spearhead makes typological identification uncertain but the comparatively long and slender form with a suggested flame-shaped blade may suggest a Group 6C spearhead, which have a largely South-Eastern British distribution.  





[1] Davis, R., 2012; The Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung V. Band 5.



[2] Greenwell, W. & Brewis, W.P. 1909, The origin, evolution and classification of the bronze spear-head in Great Britain and Ireland, Archaeologia 61: 439-472



[3] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[4] Accession number: A11811



[5] Needham, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C., Pettitt, P.; 1997; An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme; Archaeological Journal 154, p. 55-107",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,45.6,,,,150.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llantwit Fardre,ST0787,,51.57416832,-3.34337431,NMGW-F3B5D5,,2017711new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017711new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127428.jpg
1019677,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper alloy Socketed Spearhead with side loops of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC). The object has a leaf-shaped blade and is sub-circular in cross section with a central rib running down to the blade and extending into the shaft and socket. All edges of the blade have portions missing due to breaks and abrasion and there is a transverse break approximately half way down the length of the blade. The socket is circular and hollow and tapers in from the base to the blade. There are two loops on opposing sides of the socketed end, in line with the casting seams. These loops are slightly flattened on the outside to make them appear lozenge shaped. There is a break across the mid-section of the socket and loops. 



Length: 122.64mm, Width (socket): 13.34mm, Width (blade tip): 4.57mm, Thickness: 10.02mm, Weight: 32.1g



The metal is dark green in colour with areas of light green corrosion. The object has a predominantly smooth patina. 



A similar spearhead is illustrated by C. N. Moore and M. Rowlands (1972) in the Salisbury Museum Bronze Age metalwork catalogue (plate XI, no. 57) and recorded as Greenwell and Brewis Class IV. 



Similar looped spearheads have been dated by Margaret Ehrenberg to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions (1500 - 1150 BC).This object is therefore likely to be of a similar date.



Other examples can be found on PAS database as ESS-A7B5E4 and KENT-350034.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.1,,,10.02,122.64,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Little Gransden,TL2753,From finder,52.16067243,-0.14478812,NARC-016CBD,,NARC016CBD.jpg,NARC-016CBD : Spearhead : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC016CBD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127667.jpg
1019766,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,600,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of indeterminate type probably of Ewart Park metalworking Industry, dated to c. 950 &ndash; 750BC but possibly of Wilburton-Wallington through to Llyn Fawr Industries, dating to c. 1,150 &ndash; 600BC

The axe head is fragmentary missing the upper part and is represented by approximately half of the original (with a maximum surviving length of 61.4mm and a weight (containing sediment) of 111.9g). The break across the axe occurred in antiquity (where the axe had a maximum surviving width and thickness of 42.8mm and 13.2mm respectively). The axe is likely to have had a sub-rectangular section at the break but both faces are now dished as a result of battering the socket from both faces. The battering appears to have occurred at the base of the socket, although this cannot be demonstrated because of the sediment within the socket. The surviving part of the side is straight and near-parallel before diverging gently to a slightly expanded blade edge (with a blade width of 47.9mm). The sides of the axe are rounded across their thickness with the casting seam evident running along the centre and neatly finished. The blade edge is comparatively straight, rounded near the tips. Both faces are dished beneath the break and suggest considerable force was applied; one face has a linear indentation from the more complete side, while the other face has a rounded depression. Beneath the break on one face is the base of a decorative rib, suggesting three parallel or near-parallel ribs. No ribs are now discernible on the other face. Beneath the impact damage on the blade, the faces are slightly convex across both their lengths and widths and gradually convergent to the edge, with no blade facet evident. The surface is damaged and torn around the impact area but has mid &lsquo;olive&rsquo; green patina surviving elsewhere. 

The fragmentary condition of the axe makes typological identification uncertain. The form is consistent with socketed axes of Late Bronze Age date, c. 1,150 &ndash; 600BC of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. However, the form and ribbed decoration are likely to suggest Ewart Park metalworking industry (c. 950-750BC) and possibly of South Wales or allied axe type. The damage to the axe is deliberate, perhaps as an attempt to close the socket, as seen on other axes with deliberate damage.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.9,,,13.2,61.4,1,,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Peterston-super-Ely,ST0877,,51.4844426,-3.32633314,NMGW-076CC1,,20161251.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/20161251.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127641.jpg
1019776,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1850,"Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe, probably of Needham’s Class 4 and probably relating to axes of later Class 3 or earlier Class 4. 



The axehead is complete with a broadly lenticular profile but with subtle bevels and is comparatively small (with a length of 91.2mm and a weight of 152.4g). The thin butt has a gentle curve (with a width of 19.5mm and a thickness of 2.0mm). One side is near-straight, slightly convex and diverging gently towards the bade (with a width at the top of the blade of 29.5mm), before diverging sharply to the recurved blade edge (with a blade width of 44.0mm). The other side has a noticeable bulge below the butt, giving the axe an asymmetric appearance. The blade edge was crescentic, now asymmetric, perhaps slightly eroded or worn on one side. The sides are convex across their thicknesses’ but without faceting and without a practical flange, although there appears to be a lip or low flange from the side-working. Although the faces give the axe a lenticular long profile, two curving bevels present: the median bevel is subtle and is positioned comparatively low on the axe (54mm from the butt and where the axe has a maximum thickness of 11.9mm). A more pronounced blade facet is evident (23mm from the blade edge). There are irregular incised marks on the blade, below the patina but unlikely to sharpening striations. The surface has a dark-green patina with some bright green damage on one face. 



The presence of a subtle median bevel, blade facet and ‘lip’ flanges all suggest early developed features, probably indicating an axe early in the sequence of class 4 or the last of Class 3 axes of the Mile Cross Assemblage. The dimensions and ratios do not correlate directly with Needham’s subtypes, although are perhaps closest to 3G, Type Knapton but do not closely confirm to the type. The form broadly corresponds with Type Aylesford, as defined by Schmidt and Burgess’s (1981, p. 60)[1] as a ‘primitive’ developed flat axe. The form would suggest a date at the earlier part of Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 3, probably dating to c. 2050 – 1850BC.







[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,152.4,,,11.9,91.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,St. Arvans,ST5297,,51.6697118,-2.69547849,NMGW-084887,,20161321.jpg,Bronze Age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/20161321.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127658.jpg
1019906,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze fragment, possibly of Bronze Age date but of uncertain artefact type



The fragment has broken on one end (with a surviving length of 47.2mm and a weight of 29.0g) and the other end is of irregular sub-rectangular section (13mm x 7mm) and is corroded and heavily-pitted. The sides of the terminal are straight and near-parallel as far as a stop (17mm from the terminal where it has a width and thickness of 15.0mm and 9.0mm respectively. Above the stop the sides are straight but more divergent to the break (with a width and thickness of 18.8mm and 7.0mm respectively). The septum is longer on one face (with a surviving length of 20mm and 24mm, a thickness at the break of 1.8mm and a maximum width of 12.5mm) and the side flanges end in a rounded stop. The stop is comparatively shallow on both faces (at 1.5mm). The surface is heavily-corroded with a dark-green patina preserved on the septum. 



The object has the flange and stop features in common with palstave axe types, generally of Middle Bronze Age date. It is possible that the terminal is incomplete and originally ended with a blade, perhaps suggesting a chisel or similar. If the end is relatively intact, it may be possible to suggest a small hammer that may have been hafted in a similar form to Middle Bronze Age palstaves and therefore earlier than socketed hammers. However flanged hammers of this form are difficult to parallel.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29,,,9,47.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Longtown,SO3430,,51.96454255,-2.9620237,NMGW-56BFDE,,2017232new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017232new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127853.jpg
1019940,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-750,"Bronze Age blade fragment of uncertain type, probably from a rapier or sword of Middle to Late Bronze Age date c. 1500 – 750BC.



The blade is fragmentary, represented by a slender fragment, broken at both ends in antiquity (with a surviving length of 31.9mm and a weight of 18.1g). The blade has no clearly defined midrib and is of lenticular section of consistent thickness (of 5.8mm – 6.3mm). The blade is comparatively slender and both original blade edges have been lost. The blade edges were straight and convergent to one end (with a maximum surviving blade width of 20.4mm and minimum width of 17.8mm). The short blade fragment has a gentle curve across its length, with the suggestion of bending prior to breaking. The surface is very heavily-corroded and much of the original surface with a dark grey-green patina over red-brown areas of surface loss.



The fragmentary nature of the blade, lacking diagnostic features makes typological identification difficult. The comparatively slender form of the blade may suggest that it’s derived from just above the tip of a sword although a rapier fragment is also possible. Rapiers date from the Middle Bronze Age while leaf-shaped swords of Late Bronze Age date tend to be more commonly recovered.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,18.1,,,6.3,31.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Cardiff,Cardiff,Pentyrch,ST0979,,51.50258281,-3.31245204,NMGW-587A08,,201738new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/201738new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127908.jpg
1019944,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1150,-600,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe mouth fragment of uncertain type and of Wilburton, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries of c. 1150 – 600BC date



The axe is represented by a mouth fragment from the top of one face only (with a surviving length of 17.1mm, a surviving width of 30.8mm and a weight of 7.3g). There is a rounded protrusion on the top of the mouth where the mouth is also thicker (at 5.0mm, compared to 3.9mm), possibly the remnants of a casting runner stub, which has been well-finished. One end of the mouth has a slight curve and is likely to be approaching the axe side. The mouth has a lip above a moulding (9mm long), below which the tops of two ribs are evident immediately above the break. The axe is likely to have had three ribs originally. The lip at the mouth is also present on the inside of the socket but no other features are evident inside the socket.  The surface is heavily-pitted with a dark-brown patina. 



The fragmentary condition of the axe makes typological identification indeterminate. The form is consistent with socketed axes of Late Bronze Age date, c. 1,150 – 600BC of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. Axes of Ewart Park tradition are more commonly recovered.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.3,,,3.9,17.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Steeple Ashton,ST2956,,51.29867918,-3.01975314,NMGW-58A358,,2017391new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017391new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127913.jpg
1019964,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1900,-1600,"Early Bronze Age developed flat axe of Needham’s Class 4 but of uncertain sub-type, probably dating to Willerby assemblage (Metalworking Assemblage V), the later part of Needham’s (1996)[1] Period 3 to c. 1900 – 1600BC



The axehead is near-complete but has lost all of its surface, except at the blade edge and is a comparatively small axe (with a length of 80.5mm and a weight of 101.8g). The axe is likely to have had a lozengic long profile but the surface loss has eradicated any median bevel. The butt (with a width of 18mm and a thickness of 1.7mm) is straight and angled to one side. The sides are straight and near-parallel, gently divergent, before diverging more sharply at the blade (52mm from the butt, where the axe body has a width of 25.5mm). The blade is now asymmetric, differentially worn or corroded on one side. The blade edge is moderately expanded, producing a curved blade edge (with a surviving blade width of 38.2mm). The flanges appear to have begun just below the butt and probably reached their maximum heights around the midpoint of the axe (with a surviving maximum depth of 11.3mm and a height of 2.1mm), which was likely to have corresponded with the median bevel. The sides are convex across their thicknesses and there is the suggestion of a central ridge. The flanges are likely to have been hammered, rather than cast. The faces are now gently convex across their lengths, with no surviving evidence for a median bevel or for blade facets. The blades also have a gentle convexity across their widths. The surface survives near the blade edge with a dark-brown green patina. Sharpening striations running along the blade are discernible on one face. Elsewhere the surface has been lost and has corroded bright-green. 



The loss of surface detail makes typological identification difficult. The low flanges indicate a developed form and the straight butt and straight, near-parallel sides, only more divergent at the blade may suggest an axe of Type Bandon, as defined by Schmidt and Burgess (1981, p. 65-8)[2], furthermore, its comparatively small size would seemingly indicate the variant Swinton. 









[1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[2] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,101.8,,,11.3,80.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Templeton,SN1111,,51.76569444,-4.74036296,NMGW-5942EB,,2016139.jpg,Bronze Age developed flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2016139.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127953.jpg
1019969,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Bronze Age bronze early palstave or Early Short-Flanged axe, sharing features with Bar-Stop axes (Stegbeile) as defined by Schmidt and Burgess (1981, p.89-90)[1] and of Acton Park 1 metalworking industry, straddling the end of the Early Bronze Age to the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age; c. 1600 – 1400BC



The axe is near-complete but is heavily-corroded (with a length of 144.5mm and a weight of 321.7g). The butt appears slightly eroded and is of irregular shape (with a width of 20.4mm and a thickness of 4.5mm). The sides are straight and near-parallel as far as the top of the blade, to a point just below where the flanges end (where the axe has a width of 26.4mm). There is no suggestion that there was a side loop but there is the suggestion of possible nicking on the sides where the flanges end, although corrosion has removed any detail. Below the flanges the sides diverge more sharply to produce an expanded blade with a crescentic blade edge (51.3mm wide), damaged on one side. The sides are flat across their thicknesses. The flanges are truncated through corrosion or damage and begin just beneath the butt, rising with a gradual curve to reach a maximum height above the stop (with a maximum surviving height of 23.5mm). The flanges appear comparatively thin (at 2.5mm – 3.7mm thick) and are perpendicular to the septum.  The septum is flat across its length and has a gentle concavity across its width (with a thickness of 6.5mm, a length of 57mm and a width of 16mm – 18mm). The ledge stop is perpendicular to the septum (with a height of 11.0mm) and has a slight concavity across its width. There is a casting flaw at the base of the stop on one face. On one face, the stop projects above the blade faces, highest at the centre (5.1mm high) but near level to the blade at the sides and giving the impression of the stop being detached from the flanges. The stop on the other face (with the flaw) is less raised above the face and here the flanges are more damaged, making any distinction poorly defined. There is no shield pattern or midrib now evident below the stop, there is however the suggestion of a D-shaped depression at the top of the blade and it is possible to tentatively suggest an enclosing moulding, where the surface is better preserved on one face. The blade faces are subtly convex across both their lengths and widths with no discernible blade facets but giving a near-rectangular body section. There is a curved ridge evident on both faces (19mm from the blade edge) and is likely to define the position of a blade facet, now lost to corrosion.  The original surface has largely been lost but with occasional surviving remnants of dark-brown patina over the pitted, pale-green surface.



The axe appears to be somewhat transitional between flanged axes and early palstaves. The prominent bar ledge stop relates to ‘primitive’ palstaves, perhaps of Shield Pattern type, if the suggested shield-pattern decoration is correct. The separation between the stop and flanges, perhaps relates to Early Short Flanged axes and the suggested nicked sides would also be an early feature. The loss of more subtle details of the axe makes precise typological identification difficult. Needham (1996, p 133)[2] and others have argued that there is considerable overlap for ‘final EBA and earliest MBA’ types and this axe form would appear to relate to this overlap.  





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,321.7,,,23.5,144.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Hundleton,SR9599,,51.65231488,-4.96485074,NMGW-5957A5,,2016140.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2016140.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127965.jpg
1019976,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"Copper alloy blade fragment, probably a Bronze Age reworked blade, possibly of Middle Bronze Age date



The weapon is fragmentary, represented by the lower part of the hilt and the top of the blade (with a surviving length of 67.1mm and a weight of 11.9g). The hilt has broken through a rivet-hole, positioned off-centre (with a diameter of 4.2mm). The hilt has a lenticular section at the break (2.0mm thick at the break and 3.2mm thick at the shoulders), becoming lozengic at the shoulders. The sides of the hilt are moderately straight and diverge slightly towards the shoulders (with a width at the break of 12.6m and 15.0mm above the shoulders) and both sides appear to have been blunted (with a thickness of 1.3mm). The shoulders are expanded (where the blade has a maximum width and thickness of 16.9mm and 3.4mm respectively). Below the shoulders, the blade narrows sharply to produce a rapier type blade profile (with a width and thickness at the break of 6.0mm and 1.6mm respectively). The top of the blade has a defined mid-ridge, with the suggestion of a flat-topped ridge near the break. The original blade edge has been lost and it is now uncertain whether any of the damage relates to its contemporary use.  A curve at the break indicates that the blade was bent prior to breaking. The surface has surviving remnants of a mid-brown patina over a darker-brown corrosion



The comparatively long hilt with central rivet placement does not correspond with typical wide and trapezoidal butted dirks and rapiers, usually secured with side rivets or notches. The blade width is also unusually slender. The fragmentary condition of the weapon makes a definitive identification problematic, however it is possible to suggest that the weapon was reworked from an earlier blade. Rapiers were in use in Britain principally through the Taunton and Penard Metalworking Industries of the Middle Bronze, dated to c. 1400 – 1100BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.9,,,3.4,67.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Lydiard Tregoze,SU0764,,51.37501341,-1.90081929,NMGW-598318,,2016141.jpg,Bronze Age blade fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2016141.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1127975.jpg
1020012,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of Ewart Park Metalworking Industry, dated to c. 950 &ndash; 750BC

The axehead is complete and is a comparatively small example (with a length of 62.6mm and a weight of 86.6g, including sediment in the socket). The mouth is oval (33.0mm wide and 27.4mm deep external and 23.8mm x 17.8mm internal). The top of the mouth has a lip-ridge from casting and appears to have been a four-runner casting, now with two stubs evident. The collar is rounded and bevelled to the face. The loop springs from the base of the moulding and is of rounded, sub-lozenge section (with a length of 21mm, 9.0mm internal, 4.8mm wide and 4.3mm thick). The sides are moderately straight and near-parallel (with a width below the loop of 28.2mm) before diverging sharply to produce an expanded and curved blade edge (with a width of 37.6mm). Both sides have a clear ridge from the casting seam, which has been neatly finished. The casting seam on the unlooped side is notably flattened opposite the loop, perhaps from the binding. The blade edge has some post depositional damage. Both faces are decorated the three converging ribs, with the side ribs beginning at the corners of the faces. The faces are convex across their widths and also have a gentle convexity across their lengths, before converging sharply below a blade facet (19mm from the blade edge). The body of the axe has a rounded, sub-rectangular section. Sharpening striations are evident on both on faces, running along the blade. The surface is corroded with a patchy dark-brown patina over a mid-brown surface.

The ribbed socketed axehead with no moulding beneath the collar and probable four-runner casting is likely to indicate an axe allied to the South Wales (Stogursey) type. However, the axe is considerably smaller than would be expected and also has a rounded body section with a blade facet and recurved blade, which are all features atypical of the type.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,86.6,,,27.4,62.6,1,,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Pont-y-Clun,ST0681,,51.52006907,-3.35619487,NMGW-5AB6F2,,20161491.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/20161491.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1128016.jpg
1020095,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper alloy blade, probably corroded remnants of an Early Bronze Age dagger



The leaf-shaped blade is truncated and heavily-corroded (with a surviving length of 47.9mm and a weight of 6.1g). The butt is evenly-rounded, giving the blade a maximum width at the base of the blade of 18.9mm). There are small rounded indents beneath the start of the blade edge, possibly remnants of rivet notches to secure the handle. The butt is thinned (with a minimum thickness of 0.8mm) and reaches its maximum thickness (of 2.5mm) near the midpoint of the blade. The butt is flat across its width, while the blade appears to have had a rounded central ridge. The original blade edge and tip have been lost. The surface is very-heavily pitted and has a pale to mid-green patina.



Metallurgical analysis was undertaken[1] using X-Ray fluorescence, which demonstrated the alloy is a tin-bronze with trace elements of iron, lead, zinc and arsenic detected. 







[1] By Mary Davis; Principal Analytical Services Officer at Amgueddfa Cymru",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.1,,,2.5,47.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Caerphilly,Caerphilly,Rudry,ST2087,,51.57616574,-3.15583022,NMGW-6F4B2A,,20161587.jpg,Bronze Age Dagger,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/20161587.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1128244.jpg
1020257,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1600,1450,"Bronze Age bronze palstave of Group I, Primary Shield Pattern type as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981)[1] and of Acton Park 1 metalworking Industry corresponding to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 4 and probably dated to c. 1600 – 1450BC



The palstave is near-complete, with some damage to the blade edge (with a length of 145.9mm and a weight of 475.5g). The butt is moderately straight and undulates slightly (with a width of 24.5mm and a thickness of 3.1mm). The flanges end just below the butt and rise to their highest point above the stop (with a maximum depth of 36.6mm and a maximum height above the septum of 14.5mm). The flanges have a slightly convex profile across their widths. The septum is concave across its width and the stop is of bar ledge form and is near-straight (with a maximum height above the septum of 12.5mm and 14.4mm). The sides of the palstave are straight and near-parallel, slightly divergent as far as the stop (with a width of 30.4mm), below which, they gradually become more divergent before expanding sharply to the splayed and recurved blade tips, now slightly damaged(producing a blade width of 62.0mm). There are subtle transverse ridges or ‘nicks’ on the sides below the stop (where the blade has a width of 32.2mm). The blade edge is asymmetric, partly through wear but with some damage at the centre. The casting seams are discernible but appear to have been carefully removed and finished on both sides. The flanges extend onto the top of the faces, flanking a central hollowing below the stop. The hollowing is coarse and unfinished but has a broadly ‘shield-pattern’ form. The axe faces are flat across their widths and their lengths before converging more sharply below a blade facet (17mm from the blade edge). The blade edge is corroded, with no surviving evidence for sharpening striations. One of the blade faces has striations running up the blade evident above the facet but beneath the patina, possibly finishing marks. The surface has a mid to dark-brown patina, largely preserved but damaged at the blade.





The palstave demonstrates the characteristics of Primary Shield Pattern palstaves, but has a shallow depression rather than a moulding for the shield-pattern. This example with the recurved blade edge, slender body and of a smaller size the many Acton Park type examples, would suggest Type Colchester as defined by Schmidt & Burgess, (1981, p. 117).







[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,475.5,,,36.6,145.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llantwit Fardre,ST0787,,51.57416832,-3.34337431,NMGW-9B1D82,,20161821.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/20161821.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1128774.jpg
1020261,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of indeterminate type probably of Ewart Park metalworking Industry, dated to c. 950 – 750BC but possibly of Wilburton-Wallington through to Llyn Fawr Industries, dating to c. 1,150 – 600BC



The axe head is fragmentary missing its upper part and is represented by approximately half of the original (with a maximum surviving length of 56.6mm and a weight (containing sediment) of 143.6g). The break across the axe occurred in antiquity (where the axe had a maximum surviving width and thickness of 42.3mm and 22.3mm respectively). The axe has a sub-rectangular section at the break and is of variable wall thickness (1.8mm – 4.3mm).  The surviving parts of the sides are straight and near-parallel before diverging gently to a slightly expanded blade edge (with a blade width of 48.3mm). The sides of the axe are rounded across their thickness with the raised casting seam evident running along the centre and finished. The blade edge has a gentle curve, rounded near the tips. There is the suggestion of a central rib on the more complete face. The faces are slightly convex across both their lengths and widths and gradually convergent to the edge, with no blade facets evident. Both faces have deep striations running diagonally along the entire surviving lengths beneath the patina. The surface has dark-green patina surviving elsewhere. 





The fragmentary condition of the axe makes typological identification uncertain. The form is consistent with socketed axes of Late Bronze Age date, c. 1,150 – 600BC of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. However, the form and suggested ribbed decoration are likely to suggest Ewart Park metalworking industry (c. 950-750BC) and possibly of South Wales or allied axe type.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,143.6,,,22.3,56.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Goetre Fawr,SO3205,,51.73956157,-2.98620223,NMGW-9B610B,,2016183.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2016183.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1128787.jpg
1020400,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age bronze blade fragment from an axe of indeterminate type, probably of Early or Middle Bronze Age date



The axe is fragmentary, represented by the blade end only and has broken across its width in addition to its length (with a surviving width of 51.1mm, a surviving length of 31.5mm, a maximum surviving thickness of 10.7mm and a weight of 73.0g). The break occurred in antiquity and there is no socket base evident on the sub-rectangular body section. The surviving side fragment is convex, widening to the blade tip, now truncated but indicating an expanded blade edge. The original blade edge has been lost but the current edge suggests a moderate curve (with a depth of approximately 14mm). The side is widest at the edges, possibly as a result of hammering. The blade faces have a slight convexity across both their widths and lengths but with no obvious blade facet. The original surface has been lost and the current surface is heavily-pitted and corroded with a dark-green to brown patina.



The fragment condition of the axe makes typological identification uncertain. The lack of a socket base and wider expansion that might be expected on a socketed axe may suggest a flat, developed or palstave axe, suggesting an Early to Middle Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,73,,,10.7,31.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Tidenham,ST5495,,51.65189831,-2.66629675,NMGW-EAA410,,20172481new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20172481new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129050.jpg
1020426,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1150,"An incomplete, copper-alloy blade possibly a spearhead, rapier or dirk of the Middle Bronze Age period c.1450-1150BC.



Description: only the tip remains. The blade is solid and lozenge shaped in cross section. The tip is rounded and worn and a central, raised midrib runs vertically down the middle of both sides of the blade. There is a worn break at the base with knicks and worn areas on both edges of the blade. The fragment has lost all its diagnostic features and so the classification cannot be further refined.



The blade is dark green in colour. 



Measurements: length: 32.40mm; width; 7.57mm; thickness: 3.72mm and weight 2.21g. 



Discussion: Similar examples on the database include; SWYOR-1F74C1; WMID-95EB72 and WMID-7DD405 all of which date to the Middle Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.21,,,3.72,32.4,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,West Sussex,Adur,Coombes,TQ1807,From finder,50.8504928,-0.3251112,SUSS-EB9054,,EB9054.jpg,,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/EB9054.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1149508.jpg
1020432,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Copper tanged gouge of uncertain date possibly Bronze Age 



The cast tanged gouge is complete (with a length of 86.2mm and a weight of 24.7g). The tang is pointed at its apex ad below is square to rectangular sectioned, with straight sides gradually diverging towards the blade (reaching a maximum thickness of 5.6mm at the top of the blade, where the gouge has a width of 9.8mm). The sides of the blade are also straight and diverge more markedly to the blade edge. There are no lugs or mouldings on the sides. The blade edge is straight (with a width of 23.4mm and, a depth of 4.2mm). The flute gradually both deepens and widens along the blade (with a length of 37mm). The surface is heavily-corroded and is stripped to the red-brown metal with traces of pale to dark-green patina. 



Metallurgical analysis was conducted on the gouge using X-Ray Fluorescence and suggested that the metal composition is largely copper. 



The gouge is of an unusual form and cannot easily be paralleled in Bronze Age metalwork. Gouges generally are of socketed form and date to the Late Bronze Age. Very few tanged gouges are recorded, with one of the few instances in the Carlton Rode (Norwich) hoard[1] of Ewart Park metalworking, although the examples are of significantly different form, being slender and collared. Tanged chisels are easier to parallel and also date to the Late Bronze Age but also generally have a collar or side lugs. Simple ‘chisels’ of similar form have been recovered, including the ‘axe-chisel’ from Llandyfan (Anglesey) associated with an Early Bronze Age Food Vessel urn (Savory 1980, no. 334)[2]. The suggested copper composition would be very unusual for Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts and if Bronze Age, a Late Bronze Age date may be expected for the gouge. Therefore it is perhaps unlikely that the gouge dates to the Bronze Age but cannot be discounted. 







[1] NHER Number: 1002



[2] Savory, H.; 1980; A Guide Collection of the Bronze Age Collections; National Museum of Wales",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,24.7,,,5.6,86.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Fishguard and Goodwick,SM9536,,51.98453178,-4.98675713,NMGW-EBDF21,,gougenew.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/gougenew.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129107.jpg
1020460,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe probably of Needham’s Class 3 axes but of uncertain subtype



The axehead is incomplete, missing the butt end and with some truncation to the blade tips and edge (with a surviving length of 93.6mm and a weight of 199.2g). The axe is rectangular-sectioned (with a width and thickness at the break of 28mm x 10.0mm), with no suggestion of hammered flanges or developed edge features on the intact areas of the edges. The sides are straight and divergent before expanding more sharply to the blade tips, now damaged and truncated (with a surviving width of 69.1mm). The original blade edge has been lost (with a minimum thickness at the blade edge of 3.2mm) and the current edge is comparatively straight with a shallow profile, although the original edge was likely to have been deeper and with at least a moderate curve. The blade faces are flat across their widths and the blade becomes more convergent but there is no discernible facet and there is no median bevel evident. Hammering marks are evident on the blade and there is the suggestion of a blade facet (7mm deep from the current blade edge) with sharpening striations running along the blade facet. Large areas of the surface survive with a dark-green to brown patina, elsewhere the surface has a pale-green corrosion. 



Metallurgical analysis was conducted on the axehead using X-Ray Fluorescence and suggested that the metal composition is a leaded bronze. 



The fragmentary and truncated condition of the axe makes detailed typological identification uncertain. The lack of any developed features but the bronze composition would suggest a Needham Class 3 axe and generally perhaps corresponds to the Migdale type as defined by Schmidt and Burgess (1981)[1] of Metalworking Assemblage III and dated to c. 2200 – 1900BC.







[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern England, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,199.2,,,10,93.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llantilio Crossenny,SO3915,,51.83026815,-2.88660062,NMGW-ED5968,,axe1new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/axe1new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129178.jpg
1020461,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of (Class B) Southern English ribbed type and of Ewart Park metalworking, dated to Needham’s (1996)[1] Period 7, c. 950 – 750BC



The socketed axe is fragmentary, missing the mouth and one face (with a surviving maximum length of 104.0mm and a weight of 234.0g) and was damaged in antiquity. The more complete face is likely to have broken just below the mouth but with no mouth moulding surviving. The socket has a moderately consistent rectangular profile (29mm x 19mm and with a surviving depth of 67.5mm). The longer side has the stub of the loop surviving just below the break (with a surviving height of 9.0mm). The sides are near-straight, gently convex and divergent before a moderate out-turning at the blade tips (giving a blade width of 54.3mm). The sides are perpendicular to the faces and straight across their thickness. The casting seams are discernible and were finished but the detail has been removed through corrosion. The blade edge has a slight curvature with some damage. The faces are gradually convergent with no blade facets and have a shallow convexity across their length and are near-flat across their widths, producing a rectangular body section (with a maximum surviving body width, below the loop of 38mm). The faces were decorated with vertical parallel ribs and the more complete face appears to have had 6 ribs, with the two outermost ribs following the edges of the face. Striations are evident running between the ribs.  The surface has a dark-brown patina partially preserved, with pale-green corrosion elsewhere.





The missing mouth makes any typological identification uncertain, the form and size of the axe would suggest the axe type to be a Southern English ribbed axe, which Needham (1990, p 32)[2] called Class B and if the axe also had a double-mouth moulding may have been similar to his B1 axe but with a less expanded blade edge. Southern English ribbed axes are not commonly recovered from South Wales and together with occasional Carp’s Tongue components in Ewart Park hoards, perhaps begin to suggest a degree of contact between western and South Eastern Britain at the start of the 1st millennium BC, which may be observed proportionately less in South Eastern Wales.







[1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[2] Needham, S. 1990; The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork; An Analytical Study of Thames Valley metalworking in its settlement context; Department of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities 1990; British Museum Occasional Paper 70",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,234,,,19,104,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Pembrokeshire,Pembrokeshire,Pembroke,SM9901,,51.67171896,-4.90825887,NMGW-ED6A68,,2016197.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2016197.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129180.jpg
1020485,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of indeterminate type probably of Ewart Park metalworking Industry, dated to c. 950 – 750BC but possibly of Wilburton-Wallington through to Llyn Fawr Industries, dating to c. 1,150 – 600BC



The axe is represented by one corner of the blade (with a surviving length of 20.0mm, a surviving blade width of 28.8mm and a weight of 13.1g). The axe has broken in antiquity, at a position just above the base of the socket (with a surviving depth of 6mm, where the axe has a thickness of 9.9mm, the faces have a thickness of 2.8mm and the side if 5.5mm thick). A small length of the side survives, which is flat across its thickness with a raised but hammer-finished casting seam running down the centre. The blade tip is prominent and out-turned. The blade edge has a moderate curve for its surviving length. The blade edge has impact damage (5mm long), probably contemporary with is use or breakage, adjacent to the break. The short surviving blade lengths gradually converge towards the edge. The surface has a black-green patina with areas of green corrosion. Sharpening striations beneath the patina are evident of both blade faces. 





The fragmentary condition of the axe makes precise typological identification indeterminate. The form is consistent with socketed axes of Late Bronze Age date, c. 1,150 – 600BC of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. Axes of Ewart Park tradition are more commonly recovered. It is possible although not certain that the breakages on the axe may have been deliberate.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.1,,,29.9,20,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Penton Mewsey,,,,,NMGW-EE5F53,,20162041.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/20162041.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129225.jpg
1020496,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of uncertain type but probably South Wales (Stogursey) Type of Ewart Park metalworking Industry, dated to c. 950 – 750BC but possibly of Wilburton-Wallington through to Llyn Fawr Industries, dating to c. 1,150 – 600BC



The axehead has been damaged and is incomplete missing its mouth and loop (with a maximum surviving length of 88.9mm and a weight of 232.8g). The break across the axe occurred in antiquity (where the axe had a maximum surviving width and thickness of 43.0mm and 27.6mm respectively, a surviving socket depth of 60.9mm; a face thickness of 2mm – 3mm and a side thickness of 3mm – 5mm) and has a sub-rectangular section at the break, with a stub on one side, presumably from the loop. One face and part of the side have been hammered inwards, over the socket and suggests deliberate contemporary damage. The sides are near-straight parallel before diverging more sharply to an expanded blade edge (with a blade width of 55.0mm). The sides of the axe are bevelled towards their centre, where the raised casting seam is evident running along the centre. The casting seam has been neatly hammer-finished. The blade edge has a moderate and even curve. Both faces are decorated with three parallel ribs, with the central rib slightly more pronounced. The faces are convex across both their lengths and widths and gradually convergent to the edge, with no blade facets evident. One face has recent damage scars. The blade edge is preserved and has a contemporary impact indent near the centre and sharpening striations are discernible running along the blade edge. The surface has a mid to dark-brown patina with green corrosion in the recent damage scar. 





The fragmentary condition of the axe makes typological identification uncertain. The form indicates a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date, c. 1,150 – 600BC of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. However, the form, scale and ribbed decoration suggest the axe to be of South Wales or allied type and of Ewart Park metalworking industry (c. 950-750BC). The inward hammered at the break would suggest deliberate damage prior to deposition.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,232.8,,,27.6,88.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Llantilio Crossenny,SO3713,,51.81206612,-2.915255,NMGW-EEFAFA,,20162082.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/20162082.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129238.jpg
1020571,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2050,-1700,"Early Bronze Age bronze Developed Flat axe probably of Needham’s Class 4 axes and of uncertain sub-type, possibly an axe-chisel and probably of metalworking Stage IV; dated to c. 2050 – 1700BC



The flat axe is incomplete with considerable peripheral damage surface loss and likely truncation at the butt (with a surviving length of 89.7mm and weight of 121.98g).  Although damaged the axe appears to have a lozengic long-profile. The original butt does not survive (but with a surviving width of 15mm). The better preserved side is unusually straight for its preserved length (of 43mm) and is bevelled towards its mid-axis.  There is the suggestion that the side may be beginning to curve outwards before the surface has been lost. The side of blade faces have a slight lip for the flange and corresponding hammer facets are discernible on the sides.  The original blade edge has been lost (with a surviving blade width of 35.8mm) and the original form is no longer evident. Both blade faces have a clear median bevel, which has a gentle curve and is positioned close to the damaged butt end (32mm from the butt where the axe has a maximum thickness of 12.0mm and a surviving width of 25.3mm), producing a lozengic long-profile. The blade faces have a gentle convexity across their both their widths and lengths, with no discernible blade facet. There are striations running along the blade near its end, suggesting only a slight loss to edge. The surface has a dark-brown patina with areas of powdery grey-green corrosion. 



The unknown scale of truncation to the axe, particularly the butt makes typological identification difficult. The comparatively high position of the median bevel would suggest that the butt end may be significantly eroded. If the current very narrow and straight-sided form of the axe, is representative or near-representative of its original shape, then the axe would perhaps suggest a Class 4 axe-chisel. The axe may possibly be of similar form to Developed Axes of Type Bandon, as defined by Schmidt and Burgess (1981, p. 65-7)[1] and if correct may correlate to Needham’s Class 4E. The axe is likely to date to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 3, dated to c. 2050 – 1700BC.







[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,121.98,,,12,89.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,,Carmarthenshire,Carmarthenshire,Abergwili,SN4726,,51.91145908,-4.2257681,NMGW-012BC2,,2016220.jpg,Bronze Age developed flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2016220.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129365.jpg
1020801,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1800,"Early Bronze Age bronze butt fragment from an axe of uncertain type but of Flat or Developed Axe form 



The axe is represented by a butt fragment only, broken at one end in antiquity (with a surviving length of 28.1mm and a weight of 23.1g). The butt end is rounded at the corners and is moderately straight (with a width of 25mm and a thickness of 2.7mm). The sides are straight and divergent for their short lengths to the break (where the axe has a width of 30.5mm and a thickness of 6.0mm).  The axe butt has a sub-rectangular body section, thickest at the centre and with no suggestion of flanges present on the fragment. The corroded surface has been stripped to brown metal with remnants of the mid-green. The surface condition and patina may suggest a copper rather than bronze composition, although it has not been possible to analyse the composition. 



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult and uncertain. The butt form, absence of flanges and possible copper composition would be consistent with axes of Needham’s type 1 and in relation to Schmidt and Burgess (1981)[1] typology may have been of Ballybeg /Roseisle or allied types. Axes of these types are likely to be date to the Early Bronze Age, perhaps between c. 2200 – 1800BC.





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.1,,,6,28.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Newport,Newport,Penhow,ST4390,,51.60593671,-2.82446277,NMGW-1A8A24,,2017106new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017106new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1129775.jpg
1020811,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of South Wales (Stogursey) Type and of Ewart Park metalworking, dated to Needham’s (1997) Period 7, c. 950 – 750BC



The socketed axe is incomplete, missing the upper part of one face and side and the loop and is comparatively small (with a length of 52.6mm and a weight of 56.9g). The mouth is incomplete, with a little less than half surviving and appears to have been sub-rectangular (with surviving external dimensions of 33.0mm x 24.5mm and internal 22.6mm x 14mm, with socket depth of 40.0mm). The surviving part of the top of the mouth is irregular and two of the probable four casting runners are evident. There is a slight lip discernible at the mouth, above the rounded mouth moulding (with a length of 6mm and a depth of 4mm - 6mm). The loop springs from the moulding, just above the break and the stub of the lower return is evident (giving a loop length of 18.6mm). The sides of the axe are moderately straight, before diverging to the slightly expanded blade edge (with a blade width of 33.2mm). The blade edge is largely straight (with a depth of 4.4mm) with minimal expansion. The sides of the axe are bevelled towards the centre, where the casting seam is evident but has been neatly finished. The faces appear to have been flat across both their lengths and widths and gradually convergent to the blade edge. Both faces display evidence of damage from battering, possibly deliberately and the battering on the fragmentary face is likely to have removed its upper part. Both faces are decorated with three ribs, convergent on the complete face and near-parallel on the incomplete face but with irregularly placed. The blade edge has a distorted lip on the incomplete face, possibly from impact and is also suggestive of abuse.  The surface is corroded with a dark-green brown patina where it survives and elsewhere has corroded pale to mid-green.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,56.9,,,,45.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,,Swansea,Swansea,Pennard,SS5587,,51.56318393,-4.09328584,NMGW-1C82A7,,20172439.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20172439.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130340.jpg
1020823,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-750,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe of South Wales (Stogursey) Type and of Ewart Park metalworking, dated to c. 1000 – 750BC



The axehead is near-complete, missing the loop (with an overall length of 107.5mm and a weight of 436.0g, including some sediment in the socket). The flat-topped mouth is sub-oval (56.8mm x 50.3mm) with a sub oval socket (36.9mm x 32.4mm and with a maximum depth, containing sediment of 41mm). Three of the four casting runner stubs are evident on the face but have been carefully removed. The mouth moulding has a prominent lip on most of one face but the other face has the usual bevelled-steeped moulding. The sub-circular loop (with a length of 37mm) springs from the moulding on one side and has broken just above the moulding. Both breaks on the loop appear to be recent. The sides have a gentle concavity long their lengths and are bevelled to the centre across their thicknesses. The casting seams are clearly discernible but have been neatly finished. The sides diverge to the gently expanded blade edge (with a width of 58.0mm), which has a very gently curvature. The original blade edge has been lost. Both faces are decorated with three parallel ribs, which descend from the moulding and continue for most of the faces (with a length of 66mm). Additionally the edges of the faces are raised, suggesting further ribs. The faces are otherwise gently convex across their widths and near straight across their length, before converging more sharply at the blade, below the ribs but with no blade facet. Hammer facets are discernible on both blades. The surface has a dark-green patina and traces of probable tenorite survive on the upper part of the faces and along the length of both sides. 



There are crude incised marks on both blades, lying beneath the patina and seemingly deliberate, the marks generally extend from the ribs, including the sides and end before the blade edge. There are addition incised marks running across the blades crossing the verticals. Some of the marks are doubled in areas, suggesting a secondary attempt on the same alignment and implying a deliberate design was attempted. A number of sharpening striations are also evident running both along and perpendicular to the blade edge.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,436,,,,107.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,St. Briavels,SO5505,,51.74188522,-2.65313695,NMGW-1D56C4,,2017110new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2017110new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130095.jpg
1020916,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bronze Age bronze butt fragment from an axe of uncertain type but of Developed Axe or Palstave form 



The axe is represented by a butt fragment only, broken at one end (with a surviving length of 15.6mm and a weight of 8.4g). The butt end is comparatively straight with some damage and thins to a blunt edge (with a width of 19.0mm and a thickness of 1.5mm). The sides are straight and slightly divergent for their short lengths to the break (with a maximum width of 24.4mm and a thickness of 4.7mm). The sides are rounded and convex across their thicknesses with the suggestion of a finished casting seam on the corroded and pitted surface. The flanges begin just below the butt and are just emerging before the break (giving the axe a maximum surviving depth of 7.2mm with a height above the septum of 1.3mm). The break occurred in antiquity. The surface has a dark-green patina with patches of pitting and corrosion. 





The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The butt form would be consistent with slender-butted Developed flat axes, From Type Aylesford (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981) from the Early Bronze Age through to Late Palstaves, of Ewart Park Metalworking in the Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.4,,,4.7,15.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Fyfield and Tubney,SP4100,,51.69725659,-1.40818013,NMGW-2E8EC1,,2015111.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave or developed axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2015111.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130025.jpg
1021081,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"Middle Bronze Age bronze palstave of Group III, Low Flanged, Broad Blade form and possibly of Sleaford variant type, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p136) [1].



The palstave is near-complete, missing much of the loop the butt-end and a blade tip and is a small example (with a surviving length of 106.5mm and a weight of 173.1g). The butt is damaged (18.5mm wide and 3.7mm thick), now pointed at the centre but is unlikely to have been much longer. The sides are straight and near parallel to below the stop (where the axe has a width of 19.9mm below the loop). The sides of the blade are divergent with a moderate curve before diverging more sharply to the blade tips, one of which is lost (giving a surviving blade width of 42.1mm). The blade edge has a moderately deep curve (with a blade depth of 15mm). The sides are flat across their thickness with the casting seam clearly evident but neatly finished. The loop is damaged (with a length of 18.8mm, a maximum thickness of 6mm and a surviving height of 5.6mm) and positioned near the position of the stop. The flanges are truncated but appear to have begun at or below the butt and have a linear top edge, reaching their maximum height at the stop (where the axe has a thickness of 25.6mm). The septum (with a surviving length of 39.5mm, a width of 14mm and a thickness of 5.5mm) is flat across its length and gently concave across its width. The stop is also gently concave with near vertical sides (with a height of 10.4mm). The faces are bevelled from the top of the stop to the face and are decorated with three ribs, a prominent linear central rib, flanked by weaker side ribs, curving from the edge of the sides towards the central rib before petering out by the mid blade face. The curved converging ribs perhaps suggest a trident variant design. The central rib extends all the way along the blade, reaching the prominent blade facet (12.6mm long). The original surface with a dark-brown patina has been lost over much of the surface and is fragile with a tendency to flake. 



The palstave is of unusual form, particularly in relation to its small size but also with the curving ribs. The form may be best paralleled in Low-Flanged palstaves, perhaps a variant of Type Sleaford, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p136). Broad Blade palstaves are traditionally dated to the Taunton phase of the Middle Bronze Age in Britain, corresponding to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 5, dated to 1500 – 1150BC.





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,173.1,,,,106.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llantwit Fardre,ST1184,,51.54784751,-3.28491027,NMGW-81A292,,20171801.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20171801.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130387.jpg
1021087,Wedge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,,,"Lead axe-shaped wedge, possibly a miniature votive axe of uncertain date, possibly Bronze Age to Roman



The axe-shaped object has been hammer-shaped and is complete (with a length of 28.7mm and weight of 8.1g). The butt is thickened and of rectangular section (8.4mm wide and 5.2mm thick). The sides are straight and divergent before flaring to the expanded blade edge (with a blade width of 16.6mm and a thickness of 0.8mm). The faces are somewhat irregular but generally flat and gradually convergent from the butt to the blade. There is no applied decoration to the object.



The wedge-shaped piece of lead has few diagnostic features, making any identification speculative and uncertain. The expanded blade edge is similar to axes of Bronze Age and later date, however a rectangular-sectioned block, hammered at one end would produce a similar ‘blade’ profile. The thickened squared butt is best paralleled in shaft-hole axes of Iron Age and later date but there is no suggestion of attempts to represent a shaft-hole. While miniature votive axes are recorded, these generally are of copper alloy and often represent socketed axe forms. Copper alloy shaft-hole axes are known, generally of Roman date but often include the handle in the representation.",,4,Lead,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.1,,,,28.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llancarfan,ST0773,,51.44832263,-3.33967676,NMGW-81C2E4,,miniature.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/miniature.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130390.jpg
1021201,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2350 BC to c. 2050 BC).



The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in shape with an incomplete rounded shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with tapering edges. The butt is relatively thin having a narrow rounded profile; the width at the butt is 8.8 mm (thickness: 2.5 mm). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively straight. The axe is thickest at the mid point (5.6 mm), with no sign of a proto stop ridge. The sides of the blade expand to produce a rounded blade edge with an abraded width of 19.7 mm (thickness 2.0 mm).



It measures 48.7 mm in length, maximum width at the blade is 19.7 mm, width at the butt is 8.8 mm and it has a maximum thickness of 5.6 mm. It weighs 18.5 grams.



The axe is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge).



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-03-01T00:00:00Z,2020-03-30T23:00:00Z,,,18.5,,,5.6,48.7,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,,Staffordshire,Newcastle-under-Lyme,Maer,SJ7938,From finder,52.93897883,-2.31391464,WMID-95A09D,,WMID95A09D.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Incomplete flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID95A09D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130600.jpg
1021263,Slag,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-800,1800,"Two pieces of Slag, Clinker or other similar industrial by-product of uncertain date (800 BC - AD 1800). The object is rough and irregular, with bubbles and cavities, and it has low density. The object is a grey green colour with obvious metallic particles.



1 Length: 17.38mm, Width: 19.53mm, Thickness: 9.94mm, Weight: 9.0g



2 Length: 43.56mm, Width: 32.00mm, Thickness: 14.99mm, Weight: 43.6g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,43.6,,,14.99,43.56,2,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Market Harborough-Little Bowden,SP7586,From finder,52.46679857,-0.89743366,NARC-A7D4DB,,NARCA7D4DB.jpg,NARC-A7D4DB : Slag : Unknown,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCA7D4DB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130746.jpg
1021264,Slag,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-800,1800,"A piece of Slag, Clinker or other similar industrial by-product of uncertain date (800 BC - AD 1800). The object is rough and irregular, with a distorted T shape and may be suggested to be a miscast object. The object is a grey green colour.



Length: 21.76mm, Width: 12.91mm, Thickness: 4.88mm, Weight: 3.6g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.6,,,4.88,21.76,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Market Harborough-Little Bowden,SP7586,From finder,52.46679857,-0.89743366,NARC-A7DE66,,NARCA7DE66.jpg,NARC-A7DE66 : Slag : Uncertain,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCA7DE66.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130748.jpg
1021284,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier, of Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC). The object is rectangular in plan and a pointed oval in cross section. It is incomplete on all sides but has some visible bevel along the left and right hand edges away from the mid-rib. 



The metal is a dark green in colour with a predominantly patina.



Length: 29.73mm, Width: 28.17mm, Thickness: 3.98mm, Weight: 16.7g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,16.7,,,3.98,29.73,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Kettering,Dingley,SP7686,From finder,52.46666051,-0.88271676,NARC-A8926D,,NARCA8926D.jpg,NARC-A8926D : Dagger : Bronze Age,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCA8926D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130778.jpg
1021286,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Bronze Age bronze palstave of Group I, Primary Shield Pattern type as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981)[1] and of Acton Park 1 metalworking Industry corresponding to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 4 and probably spanning the end of The Early Bronze Age and the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1600 – 1400BC).



The palstave is near-complete but heavily corroded and eroded at the edges (with a length of 124.2mm and a weight of 245.4g).  The butt (with a width of 24.6mm and a thickness of 4.8mm) is damaged and its original form uncertain. The sides are straight and near-parallel as far as the position of the stop (where the axe has a width of 27.2mm and a thickness of 18.1mm). The sides of the blade have an even and gradual curve to the now damaged and eroded blade tips (with a maximum surviving blade width of 49.4mm). The sides are corroded and no transverse ribs, or ‘nicked-sides’ are evident.  The original blade edge has been lost but suggests a moderately deep curve (with a depth of 17mm). The flanges are truncated but appear to have low, beginning from beneath the butt and reaching their maximum heights (with a surviving height of 17.4mm and a maximum height above the septum of 5.5mm) above the stop. The septum is straight and flat across both its length and width and has a few small casting flaws. The stops are vertically sided and slightly concave (with a height of 5.5mm). Corrosion has removed much of the surface detail on the blade faces but there were depressions below the stops, suggestive of the shield-pattern. It is also possible to suggest a midrib, indicating a trident design. The blade faces have a gentle convexity across their widths and are straight but gradually convergent across their lengths, with no obvious blade facet surviving. The original surface has largely been lost with remnants of a dark-brown patina and elsewhere is pale brown with patches of pale green corrosion. 



The corroded surface has removed much of the diagnostic detail but the palstave appears to be of an early form, with a depression below the stop rather than a shield moulding. The suggestion of a subtle midrib may indicate similarities to ‘Early Midribbed palstaves’. Primary Shield Pattern and Early Midribbed palstaves are likely to both be of Acton Park metalworking, dated to c. 1600 – 1400BC.





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,245.4,,,18.1,124.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Bridgend,Bridgend,Cefn Cribwr,SS8681,,51.51638283,-3.64433407,NMGW-A89A97,,20172271.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20172271.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130791.jpg
1021376,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1000,700,"A complete cast copper-alloy awl of late Bronze Age date (c.1000 - c.700 BC).



Description: The tang makes up three fifths of the whole length and the blade makes up the remainder. The tang the is square in cross-section at its base and tapers to a flat point a the proximal end. The blade is circular in cross-section and tapers to a round, only slightly blunted point at the distal end. 



Measurements:  length: 62.51mm; thickness: 4.73mm; weight: 6.4g



Discussion: Parallels on this database include NMS-D7A737 and NMS-FC7BC5 and NLM-12EC04.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-08-07T23:00:00Z,,,,6.4,,,4.73,62.51,1,Simon Read,Simon Read,,Kent,Shepway,Lympne,TR1235,GPS (from the finder),51.07515028,1.02497179,PUBLIC-B17CE5,,Ironageawl.JPG,PUBLIC-B17CE5,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/supersi/Ironageawl.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1130972.jpg
1021386,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1600,40,"A complete cast copper-alloy unidentified 'moustache-shaped' object of probable middle Bronze Age to Iron Age date. The centre of the object is narrowed with a convexly curved upper edge and is rounded and hollow underneath. A vertically aligned circular perforation extends through it. To either side is a tapering tear-dropped shaped element that is D-shape in cross-section and has rounded edges and pointed ends, one of which is broken with an old uneven break. These elements are flat on the underside and are attached to the central section via a step-down. The pronouncedly curved upper surface of the elements are decorated with a series of grooved striations along their length.



The object is 24mm long, 22mm wide and weighs 10 grams.



There is little dating evidence available for these enigmatic objects. An example was found with the Salisbury Hoard, indicating a Bronze or Iron Age date; the style might suggest an Iron Age date.



Such objects are of uncertain date but comparable objects recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database include NMS-A0C513, NARC-6A4546, LVPL-B000C6, HAMP-6F4C45, PUBLIC-E9E1C5, NARC-925E14, WILT-616785, KENT-77A0BF and SF-722CF5.",Recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic with information and images provided by the finder.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-30T23:00:00Z,2019-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,10,,,,24,1,Dot Boughton,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Walkern,TL2925,From finder,51.9086067,-0.12611729,BH-BD3AFC,,BHBD3AFC.jpg,Bronze Age to Iron Age unidentified object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BHBD3AFC.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1141830.jpg
1021395,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy Middle Bronze Age socketed spearhead dating to the period 1500-1150 BC.



The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade that tapers towards the rounded tip, with a raised cross-sectional rib from tip to base. The wings are bevelled and gradually expand before tapering inwards at the narrowest point of the shaft. The wing edges are very worn and damaged in several places. 



The shaft is broadly sub-conical and circular in cross-section. It increases in diameter from the narrowest point to the open-ended socket. Small loops project part way along the shaft either side.



The surfaces of the spearhead have mid green patination with several areas of lamination revealing mid brown underneath. Pits and abrasions are evident across all surfaces.



The spearhead measures 70mm in length and 13mm wide. It weighs 14.05 grams.



This spearhead is part of the Acton Park 2, Taunton (Cemmaes) or Pennard metalworking traditions and is dated to the Middle Bronze Age, between c. 1500 - 1150 BC. Several similar spearheads of this type are recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database. These include BH-33B8C2 from Chenies, Buckinghamshire, IOW-E56A3F from Calbourne on the Isle of Wight, and BH-FB08EE from Cople, Bedford.",Recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic with information and images provided by the finder.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-02-08T00:00:00Z,2020-02-08T00:00:00Z,,,14.05,,,,70,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Brafield on the Green,SP8256,From finder,52.1961475,-0.80172581,BH-BE0B05,,BHBE0B05acomplete.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Acton Park 2 socketed spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BHBE0B05acomplete.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1136417.jpg
1021454,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"Early Bronze Age fragmentary bronze flat axe of uncertain type perhaps contemporary with Type Migdale axes  as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 35-44)[1], of Metalworking Assemblage III, corresponding to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 2 -3 and probably dating to c. 2,200 – 1,900BC.



The axe comprises a worn blade fragment (with a surviving length of 39.7mm and a weight of 63.6g). The break has occurs in antiquity across the thickest surviving part of the axe (where the axe has a width of 27mm and a thickness of 7.3mm). The sides are worn and corroded but appear to have been straight and divergent but widening more sharply at the blade. The blade tips have been lost (giving the blade a surviving width of 40.8mm). Both blade faces are gently convex across their width and flat across their lengths, before narrowing more sharply at a poorly defined blade facet. The original blade edge has been lost but now has a comparatively deep curve. The surface is heavily-pitted and corroded with a dark-green patina with areas of bright-green active corrosion. 





The fragmentary state of the object makes any definite identification difficult and typological identification more problematic. The general form, with a lack of developed features and straight, divergent sides are broadly consistent with Type Migdale axes, dating to the Early Bronze Age (c. 2200 – 1900BC). Metallurgical Analysis was undertaken by Mary Davis[3], with three readings taken from a micro-sample and analysed by Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy; minor and trace element analysis is included; although possibly inaccurate, particularly when below 0.1%, but give an indication of presence and absence, which researchers are finding significant for analyses of Early Bronze Age material. The results indicate a tin-bronze with significant trace elements of zinc and lead. The measured percentage results are:






	

		

			

			
Fe

			

			

			
Co

			

			

			
Ni

			

			

			
Cu

			

			

			
Zn

			

			

			
As

			

			

			
Ag

			

			

			
Sn

			

			

			
Pb

			

			

			
Total

			

		

		

			

			
0.02

			

			

			
0.01

			

			

			
0.05

			

			

			
89.86

			

			

			
0.58

			

			

			
0.12

			

			

			
0.06

			

			

			
9.08

			

			

			
0.22

			

			

			
100.00

			

		

	











[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7



[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[3] Principal Analytical Services Officer, Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-11-09T00:00:00Z,,,,63.6,,,7.3,39.7,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Mawr,SN6304,,51.71794523,-3.98460825,NMGW-C256C0,,2015402.jpg,Early Bronze age flat axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2015402.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1131212.jpg
1021539,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1250,1500,A cast copper-alloy tool possibly an awl or scriber and of potential Middle Bronze Age to Medieval date (1250 BC to AD 1500). The object is 54mm in length; one end is square-sectioned and the other has a rounded section and tapers to a pointed tip,"
Simple awls or tools like this were used to make holes in leather and wood. Their form changes little from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and they are consequently very difficult to date.



Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,54,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Kimpton,SU2847,From finder,51.22151388,-1.60044773,HAMP-111DF0,,HAMP111DF0.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP111DF0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1131557.jpg
1021611,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-750,-600,"Copper alloy fragment, probably a blade edge fragment from a Bronze Age axe of undetermined type and date but possibly a fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe



The axe is fragmentary, represented by a side fragment of a blade edge only (with a surviving width of 17.1mm, a surviving length of 25.5mm, a maximum surviving may possibly have broken across the base of a socket, possibly suggested by a depression on the break. Only a very short part of the blade edge survives (7mm). The casting seam is evident on the surviving side, with the suggestion that the sides are angled to the centre. The side is slightly convex across its surviving length. Both face are slightly convex across their lengths with no discernible blade facet or ribs surviving. The surface is corroded with some surviving dark green patina.





The fragmentary state of the object makes identification difficult and typological identification indeterminate. Although it is possible to tentatively suggest the base of a socket on the fragment and together with angled sides, indicating a hexagonal body section may indicate a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date, c. 750 – 600BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,25.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Penllyn,SS9775,,51.4645671,-3.48411224,NMGW-155FEB,,2015512.jpg,Bronze age axehead fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2015512.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1131695.jpg
1022059,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy facetted socketed axehead dating to 1000BC- 800BC. Flanking both faces of the axe is a wide, flat based channel that emanates from the tips of the blade.  Running the length of the axe, each channel gently expanding to the rear collar and gives the axe an overall hexagonal cross-section. Further decoration can be found on both sides where six transverse grooved lines are positioned before the collar. The Collar is undecorated and gently curves out at its base to form an expanded flanged terminal. 



On the side of the axe is a loop that is made from a rectangular arched band that has two channels running its length.  These loops are normally positioned to run lengthways down the axe; however, this example has the loop positioned transversely across the axe. 



The position of the loop in very uncommon, but this is one other example recorded on this database, see DOR-3F8141.","
This item was recorded by images supplied by the finder 
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-05-31T23:00:00Z,2020-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,34,125,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Stroud,Uley,ST7796,From finder,51.66230565,-2.33392242,GLO-68DD0F,,GLO68DD0F3.JPG,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO68DD0F3.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1132588.jpg
1022391,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-750,"Late Bronze Age bronze ‘Late’ Palstave of Type Isleham as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 158-163)[1], dated to late Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking industries (ibid.) and dated to perhaps 1100 – 750BC



The palstave is near-complete, with some peripheral damage to the flanges (with a length of 136.6mm, and a weight of 304.1g). The butt is straight and like the septum, is thick (with a width of 19.6mm and a thickness of 6.5mm). The sides are straight and gently divergent as far as the stop (where it has a width of 25.1mm). The loop begins before the stop and continues on to the side of the blade (with a length of 26.0mm, a width of 8.8mm, a height of 9.1mm and giving an overall width of 29.7mm). The palstave narrows slightly to the blade (at 19.5mm), after which the sides are gradually divergent and produce a slightly expanded blade edge, with some damage and loss to the blade tips (with a blade edge width of 33.6mm). The casting seams are evident on both sides and have been neatly finished but are more-finished and barely discernible on the sides of the blade. The flanges rise from well below the butt (13mm) and rise linearly to reach their maximum depth (of 31.1mm) at the stop.  The stop is comparatively straight and is perpendicular to the septum (with a height of 9.6mm). The thick septum is enhanced on both faces with three parallel ribs, beginning at the stop and ending before the flanges start (with a length of 34mm). Both blade faces are decorated with three short, parallel ribs (19.1mm long) beginning beneath the stop. The stop is raised above the blade (3.2mm high) with a near-perpendicular bevel to the blade faces. The blade faces are straight and convergent, before converging more sharply to the blade edge but with a subtle but discernible blade facet. Hammer facets are evident on the blade and occasional striations, possibly from sharpening. The surface has a mid to dark green and black patina with areas of bright green corrosion. 



The palstave has many of the characteristic attributes of ‘Late’ palstaves and the ribbed blade decoration with nipped-in waist under the stop, suggests Type Isleham. The continuation of the ribs on the septum is an unusual feature and is difficult to parallel. The ribbed septum would have helped to eliminate rotational movement when hafted. 





[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,304.1,,,31.1,136.6,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Pont-y-Clun,ST0679,,51.50209122,-3.35566098,NMGW-E9E53C,,201591.jpg,Bronze Age late palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/201591.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1133649.jpg
1022521,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-600,"Late Bronze Age socketed axe mouth fragment of undetermined type and probably of Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries, c. 1000 –600BC



The axe is fragmentary, represented by a mouth and upper face and side fragment (with a surviving length of 27.1mm, a surviving width of 23.5mm, a surviving depth of 8mm and a weight of 13.5g) with all of the breaks occurring in antiquity. The mouth is rounded (6.5mm thick and 8mm long) with no casting runner stubs present on the mouth.  Beneath the collar is a horizontal moulding on the mouth and side. The face (with a thickness of 4mm) has the top of two of the three ribs descending from the moulding and continuing to the break. The face is flat across its width and its length, beneath the collar. The side has a slight angle, perhaps suggesting a hexagonal body section on the axe. There is no evidence for a loop on the side. The socket is flat across both its length and width.  





The fragmentary condition of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The horizontal moulding beneath the collar indicates that the axe was not of South Wales Type but may be of Type Welby, Type Yorkshire or other similar types of Ewart Park metalworking but also may possibly of Sompting or allied types of Llyn Fawr metalworking.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.5,,,8,27.1,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Wenvoe,ST1373,,51.44927745,-3.25335867,NMGW-3D42CC,,20151043.jpg,Bronze age socketed axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/20151043.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1134177.jpg
1022532,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"Middle Bronze Age bronze socketed spearhead of Davis’ (2012)[1] Group 6: Developed side-looped, unclassified (Greenwell and Brewis (1909)[2] Class IV (or socket -looped)) spearheads and of later Arreton, Acton Park, Taunton or early Wilburton metalworking (c. 1500 – 1100BC), of Needham’s (1996)[3] Periods 4-5



The spearhead is incomplete missing both most of blade and the socket mouth (with a surviving length of 70.2mm and a weight of 28.5g). The socket was circular, with a small fragment of the simple rim surviving (with a maximum surviving internal diameter of 14.0mm and an external diameter of 16.7mm). The socket continues to the break across the blade. The sides of the socket are near-straight and gradually convergent. One of the loops is complete and is flat-topped of linear form (20mm long by 3mm wide), which begin 20mm from the socket mouth. The perforations beneath the loops are slender and oval (4.0-5mm long and 2mm high). Both sides have a ridge, running between the mouth and the base of the loop. Between the top of the loop and the base of the blade are five to six short horizontal incised lines, perhaps referencing or accommodating the binding. Only a small part of the blade survives (with a surviving length of 18.6mm and maximum surviving width of 45.6mm) but the gentle curve may suggest a leaf-shaped blade. The damaged blade edge with a blade facet is evident and survives on one side. Above the loop, the socket becomes increasingly oval-sectioned and defines a prominent midrib along the blade, as far as the break (with a thickness at the break of 9.5mm). The break occurred in antiquity and the socket (4.9mm diameter) is off-centre at the break (with a minimum thickness of 0.4mm). The spearhead has been neatly finished with no casting flashes evident. The surface of the spearhead is partially-preserved with a dark brown patina. Sharpening striations are evident beneath the patina running along the blade on the better preserved face. 





Group 6, side-looped spearheads have a long-lived production, spanning the end of Arreton in the Early Bronze Age to Wilburton at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age. A side-looped spearhead of Davis’ (2012) Group 6, Type A was found in the Thames at Mortlake, now in the Museum of London[4], and had remnants of the wooden shaft surviving. The shaft was radiocarbon dated by Needham et al (1997, DOB 31)[5] to 1680 – 1400BC (with 95% confidence). A Group 6, Type D spearhead from Tormarton, Gloucestershire has two radiocarbon dates (1390 – 1010BC and 1310-1057BC) (Davis 2012, ibid. p 7). Most Group 6 spearheads however are likely to date from Acton Park and Taunton industries. 







[1] Davis, R., 2012; The Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads of Britain, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung V. Band 5.



[2] Greenwell, W. & Brewis, W.P. 1909, The origin, evolution and classification of the bronze spear-head in Great Britain and Ireland, Archaeologia 61: 439-472. 



[3] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[4] Accession number: A11811



[5] Needham, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Coombs, D., Cartwright, C., Pettitt, P.; 1997; An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme; Archaeological Journal 154, p. 55-107",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,28.5,,16.7,,70.2,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Pont-y-Clun,ST0680,,51.51108015,-3.35592786,NMGW-3DF2CB,,2015110.jpg,Bronze Age Spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2015110.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1134192.jpg
1022877,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-1050,"A complete Bronze Age cast copper-alloy spearhead of basal-looped triangular form, 106.35mm in length. The blade is triangular, with a pair of small loops at the junction between the lower blade edge and the socket. The root of the blade juts out at right angles from these loops. The socket is conical, continuing along the blade as a broad rib with circular cross section, with the flat blade projecting to either side. There are possibly small ribs running along the blade from the ends of the loops which are aligned with the midrib, however the condition of the object makes these very difficult to see clearly. The patina is dark, with pale patches of corrosion / encrustation typical of long exposure to a riverine environment. This spearhead is likely to date from circa 1200 to 1050 BC.","The style can potentially be identified as Davis Type 9c (also identifiable as Greenwell and Brewis IIIa) and is seen as an indigenous development from earlier leaf-shaped Middle Bronze Age forms which is associated with the Penard industry. This dates to the transition from the middle to late Bronze Age. This is a relatively rare tradition, with finds typically concentrated in the lower Thames Valley (Pearce, 1984: 41; Ehrenberg, 1977: 11), as with this example, which was a foreshore find from the Thames and may have originally comprised a votive deposit in the river. Similar examples from the upper Thames valley are published in Ehrenberg (1977: Fig 17) and more generally in Langmaid (1976, 52; 18a/b). This is an unusually small example of the type.



Recorded from details emailed by the finder.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-02-27T00:00:00Z,,,,58.5,,,,106.35,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,London,Greater London Authority,Kensington and Chelsea,Queen's Gate,TQ2677,From finder,51.47793502,-0.18702426,SUR-CB84D2,,SURCB84D2.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURCB84D2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1135120.jpg
1023130,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,1150,600,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy leaf shaped spearhead, probably of Davis (2017) Group 7, dating from the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (1150 BC-600 BC).



The surviving portion is a length of the hollow leaf-shaped blade with tapering edges and a rounded tip. At the opposite end there is one surviving shoulder, which terminates in an uneven worn break, revealing the hollowed interior, which extends right through to the tip. The external edges of the blade are uneven in form and are all worn and rounded, as is the tip. 



On one side the body is significantly damaged with a large portion of the once conical socket compressed and collapsed in several places with several portions missing, revealing the hollow interior within. The junctures between the socket and blade are also cracked in several places along the length of the blade either side of the compressed and collapsed areas.



The opposite face remains intact but is likewise compressed along the central axis of the blade, with subsequent cracking in several areas either side.



The form of the spearhead suggests that it is probably a conical spearhead variant. The shape of the blade resembles the leaf-shaped spearheads of the Ewart Park metalwork assemblage (1000-800 BC) and is probably a Davis Group 7 type missing its more diagnostic side-loop and decorative features. Peter Reavill and Dot Boughton note that as it is missing these features, the earliest to which it could date is 1150 BC during the late Penard metalworking phase. 



For a broadly comparable Davis Group 7 Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (1150 BC-600 BC) spearhead with the more diagnostic side-loop and decoration recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database, see SWYOR-FD8F64.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-06-06T23:00:00Z,2020-06-06T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,1,Peter Reavill,Matthew Fittock,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Brightwell Baldwin,SU6595,From finder,51.65004531,-1.06189969,BH-0CF71B,,BH0CF71B.jpg,Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age Davis Group 7 leaf shaped spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH0CF71B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1137111.jpg
1023200,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead, of Middle to Late Bronze Age date (1500-800 BC).



The blade is narrow and triangular with a pronounced, broad mid rib, on both sides extending to the tip of the spear which tapers in to a point. In cross section the object is lozenge shaped. The edges narrow and flare out from the mid-rib. There are multiple abrasions and missing portions of the edges. The fragment terminates in an old abraded transverse break. The socketed lower portion of the object is missing and the retained portions has a shallow concave aspect expose by the break.



The metal is a dark-brown in colour with areas of green and light brown corrosion and a pitted and corroded patina.



As this represents only a small fragment of the spear it is not possibly to classify the form of the complete object. It is probably of a later Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age (c. 1500-c. 800 cal BC).



Similar objects can be found on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: NLM-99D791, IOW-F3883D, SUR-BB2595



Length: 50.56mm, Width: 20.20mm, Width (tip): 4.57mm, Thickness: 9.43mm, Thickness (tip): 3.05mm, Weight: 17.5g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.5,,,9.43,50.56,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Courteenhall,SP7553,From finder,52.17017639,-0.90477989,NARC-237774,,NARC237774.jpg,NARC-237774 : Spearhead : Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC237774.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1136408.jpg
1023369,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete cast tanged dagger or knife.The blade is double edged, tapering, with a central ridge producing a lozengiform profile, At the top is a narrowed rectangular tang with a single, circular attachment hole ( about 3 mm diameter). The tang is narrowed from the top of the blade with angled sides. At one side is a slight shoulder at the top of the blade, the other side is broken.The dagger has The blade tapers to the break and has been slightly bent. The patina is orangey-brown, probably from waterlogging in the area where it was found.

Date: MIddle to Late Bronze Age - c. 1150-850 BC

Dimensions: 132.12  mm x 20.60 mm x 3.43 mm

Weight: 27.16g



Blades with similar tangs are recorded on the database as DUR-F9F5D4,  NLM-F55856 and DOR-FAC625, on which Dot Boughton has commented that Burgess and Gerloff include a blade of similar shape and size in their Group II (Damaged Blades Modified for Rehafting), p. 36ff. Its their no. 248 from Marston Trussel, Northamptonshire which is c. 12.6cm long and 2.1cm wide. It is described as ""Tanged blade, either a knife made in this form or possibly a dirk with butt cut down for rehafting, in which case the torn rivet hole would have been secondary; rather worn brown green surfaces with some patches of bright green corrosion; edges worn and chipped."" Plate 32, no 248.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,27.16,,,3.43,132.12,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Witchampton,ST9805,From finder,50.84451933,-2.02977543,DOR-78C28A,,78C28A.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age dagger blade,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/78C28A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1137023.jpg
1023430,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
Copper alloy socketed spearhead fragment that dates to the middle to late Bronze Age. This is the tip of the spearhead and has a pronounced spine running down its centre that is circular in cross-section with a hollow centre, this is flanked by thin blades that taper to a fine point. The rear of the spear is truncated resulting in the loss of the socket and rear section of the blades.
","
This artefact was recorded from images emailed in by the finder. 
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-02-01T00:00:00Z,2021-02-14T00:00:00Z,,,,9,,,38,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Tickenham,ST4672,From finder,51.44440238,-2.77838269,GLO-8F87E4,,IMG_0678.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/IMG_0678.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1137426.jpg
1023946,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"An incomplete cast copper alloy Bronze Age axe (1150 BC-800 BC). The axe is a plain long socketed type and slender in form. 

The axehead has been damaged and is incomplete missing the mouth and the loop (with a surviving length of 72.6mm and weight of 95.13g). The break is from old damage (where the axe has a maximum surviving width of 29.5mm, thickness of 21.1mm and socket depth of 43.1mm) and has a sub-rectangular section at the break with the end of the bottom loop on one side just before the break. The loop end is corroded and is represented by a small raised stub. The sides of the fragment are bevel slightly to the casting seams (which are smooth, probably hammer-finished) each running the length of the blade on the top and bottom. The sides diverge gently before flaring slightly towards the blade edge (with a blade width of 36.6mm). Towards the blade edge (11.5mm from blade edge) a darker gradient possibly indicates usewear. The blade edge itself is damaged with the original surface having been broken/eroded away through time. 

The faces of the blade are plain with no evidence of ribs. The faces are flat and gradually convergent to the blade edge. Sharpening striations are discernible running along the blade edge. The surface is smooth with a medium green patina with areas near the break on one face and on the top side lost to damage, likely from deposition environment, exposing a rough light green subsurface. Traces of shiny black are visible on one side and inside the socket, possibly from tenorite as seen on other contemporary axes.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,95.13,,,21.1,72.6,1,,Adelle Bricking,Wales,Powys,Powys,Glyn Tarell,SN9827,,51.93213301,-3.48494732,NMGW-219CA8,,202152.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/202152.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1138360.jpg
1023967,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"An incomplete cast copper alloy spearhead probably of late Bronze Age date (c.1500-700 BC). The spearhead is fragmentary, missing the basal end of the blade and base of the socket with only the top end with tip surviving. The spearhead has broken through the central socket, which is solid, with a diameter of 14.2mm x 12mm). The position of the socket is marked by a prominent, rounded midrib with a width of 12.1 at the break, height of 3.3mm on one side and 4.3 on the other, and maximum surrounding overall depth of 12.2 just before the break. The midrib tapers gradually towards the tip (0.7mm in width and 3.2mm overall depth at the point). Faint lines run parallel to the midrib from the break and appear to terminate c.7.6mm from the point, though they could have run up to the tip and have since been eroded away from surface damage. The surviving blade edges suggest the blade end is triangular in plan and widens just before the break (39.3mm), so was possibly leaf-shaped. The spearhead is slightly bent towards the break (as seen in section) suggesting the object was intentionally bent and broken prior to deposition. One side of the spear has been struck, possibly by plough, with a diagonal groove running from the midrib to the edge of the blade. 



The absence of the socket makes typological identification uncertain. The more commonly–recovered types consistent with the form of the fragmentary spearhead are pegged, of Davis’ generic Group 11 (2015)[1], or possibly of a side-looped type, Davis’ (ibid) Group 6. Socketed Spearheads of Davis’ Generic Group 11 can be dated to the Wilburton phase of the Late Bronze Age, dated by Needham et al (1996)[2] to c. 1200 – 900BC.



The spearhead is an uneven grey patina with patches of bright green, dark grey/black possible tenorite, and orangey brown. The object has a max length of 85.3mm, width of 39.3mm, thickness 14.2mm and weighs 48.72g.

Similar spearheads are recorded on the PAS database e.g. NMGW-215EBE, YORYM-E5C837, YORYM-3D457F, NMGW-3EA2A8, SOM-4FBE8D",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,48.72,,,14.2,85.3,1,Adelle Bricking,Adelle Bricking,Wales,Powys,Powys,Llangors,SO1427,,51.93483857,-3.25230093,NMGW-228645,,202177new.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/202177new.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1143594.jpg
1024076,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1300,"A cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age Later Short Flanged Axehead of uncertain sub-type dating to the period 1600 - 1300 BC. This corresponds with the Acton Park II, and Taunton metalworking Assemblages, that correspond with Needham Period 4 or 5. 



The axe has a narrow, convex butt. The septum and upper blade are of the same thickness and there is no stop-ridge present. The flanges are cast and are a wide pointed oval shape in profile, nearly lozenge shaped. The blade has suggestions of a central ridge or arris on both faces. The sides flare out moderately to form the cutting edge which is convex, but the blade is fairly narrow overall when compared with the larger corpus of similar axes. Part of the original smooth patina survives in the septum, but most of the surface is pitted, corroded and lumpy, obscuring any decoration or facets. 



The axehead is 153mm long, 54.1mm wide across the blade tips, 23.2mm wide across the butt, 35.4mm thick across the flanges, and 16.4mm thick across the centre of the blade. It weighs 426g.



Compare DUR-05101C (Schmidt and Burgess Type Lissett), NCL-74C5D5 and DUR-41AE2E (Schmidt and Burgess Type Ulrome).",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-10-06T23:00:00Z,2020-10-06T23:00:00Z,,,426,,,35.4,153,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Stirton with Thorlby,SD9554,From finder,53.9820308,-2.07773199,SWYOR-37A4F3,,SWYOR37A4F3BronzeAgeFlangedAxehead.jpg,SWYOR-37A4F3 Bronze Age Flanged Axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR37A4F3BronzeAgeFlangedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1139268.jpg
1024193,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,,,"A rod-shaped copper alloy object, possibly part of a Bronze Age copper alloy awl.  It is square in cross section with rounded edges and  tapers slightly at both ends.  The object is in very poor, corroded condition, is 30mm long, 6mm wide, 6mm thick and weighs 6.12g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.12,,,6,30,1,Phil Harding,Phil Harding,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Hoby with Rotherby,SK6716,GPS (from the finder),52.73749015,-1.00910769,LEIC-5045A1,,CAD2968c.jpg,Possible Bronze Age awl fragment,Phil Harding,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/philharding/CAD2968c.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1138841.jpg
1024448,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy, plain socketed axe dating to the late Bronze Age (Wilburton/Ewart Park phase c.1100-800BC).



The axehead has a narrow sub-rectangular body, with two concave faces flaring towards the blade end and slightly towards the haft end. The blade flares to form a crescent-shaped cutting edge, which is now worn. The socket of the axehead is sub-rectangular with curving corners. It has a raised collar, which shows signs of wear and corrosion. The remains of a side loop are apparent. The casting seams are prominent along both sides of the axehead. The object shows signs of corrosion across all faces.



A comparable example recorded on the PAS database is KENT-F054AC. 



The overall dimensions are as follows: 111.15mm in length, 54.54mm in width, 42.35mm in thickness and ...g in weight",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,42.35,111.15,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Tanworth-in-Arden,SP0971,GPS (from the finder),52.33701116,-1.86933404,WAW-9DBD6B,,WAW9DBD6B.jpg,A Bronze Age Socketed Axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution-ShareAlike License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WAW9DBD6B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1150561.jpg
1024822,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment from a cast copper alloy spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 cal BC. Only the tip of the spear remains.



The fragment is triangular in plan, tapering to the spear's point. It has a circular midrib that is solid and runs to the point of the spear from which the flat blade edges of the spear extend these narrow in width to meeting the point. The fragment has a dark green patina that is chipped away in places. 



The fragment is 58mm long, 17mm wide, 8.4mm thick and weighs 18.44 grams.



 Not enough of the spearhead has remained to be able to date this fragment to a more precise range, although the circular section, the angle of the blade, and the midrib extending to the to the tip suggest comparisons with spearheads in Davis Groups 6-11.","
This find was recorded by images and information provided by the finder, not seen by the FLO.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-02-23T00:00:00Z,2019-02-23T00:00:00Z,,,18.44,,,8.4,58,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Wilsford,SU0955,From finder,51.29406035,-1.8723101,OXON-309618,,OXON309618.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON309618.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1140222.jpg
1024893,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1700,"A copper alloy flat axehead of Needham Class 4, dating to the Early Bronze Age period, c. 1900-1700 BC. 



The axehead is lenticular in profile, with slightly flattened edges, and a broadly flaring cutting edge. It is comparatively small with a markedly slender butt, which nonetheless thickens at the septum. This is possibly a proto-stop ridge, as there is a particular horizontal thickening in this area. Both faces show signs of pitting, with some circular areas a deeper green than the consistently dark green surface elsewhere. There is a shallow U-shaped depression in the cutting edge which may have occurred during use. 



Similar examples, albeit with a slightly longer butt, include SOM-90B762 (from the south west), KENT-A2BA81 and NMGW-084887, the latter of which has slightly more exaggerated bevelling.  DEV-987893 is a further local fragmentary example. The record for SOM-90B762 provides an extended interpretation:



This is a low flanged axe of Early Bronze Age date. The lack of developed stop ridge suggests it most likely dates to the later stages of the Early Bronze Age. Needham (1983, 2017) has produced a typology of Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age flat and flanged axeheads that defines them based on the ratios of their physical form (Needham 2017, 4, Table 1). This axe meets all the criteria for a Type 4e Axehead and most closely corresponds to a Type 4E Withington form (Needham, 2017, 27-29, 55-56). Needham places the date of this type of axe to between the 20th and 18th centuries cal BC c. 1900-1700 cal BC (ibid 45, fig 16).



Measurements: 66.3mm length,  19.4mm width (butt), 39.2mm width (blade), 5.3mm thickness (butt), 8.9mm thickness (proto-stop), 1.9mm thickness (blade edge), weight 68.7g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-04-30T23:00:00Z,2020-09-25T23:00:00Z,,,68.7,,,5.3,66.3,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,Devon,East Devon,Combpyne Rousdon,SY3091,From finder,50.71439747,-2.99285344,DEV-4418E9,,DEV4418E9fix.jpg,Bronze Age flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV4418E9fix.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1140607.jpg
1025204,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,1300,"A cast copper alloy (bronze) early / primary looped palstave, group I - shield patterned type - of Middle Bronze Age date (1500-1300 BC). This palstave axe fits best within the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both of which conform to Burgess's Metal Working Stage VIII and IX.



The palstave is incomplete (recovered in two pieces); when recombined the overall length of the axehead is approximately 160mm. Width is 66.2mm measured across the blade tips and 22.3mm at the butt-end. The width measured across the upper and lower flanges is approximately 28mm. The casting seams are present on one edge only (loop side), but have been removed / trimmed and hammered flat / flush. The cutting edge is crescentic and relatively unworn; the blade bevels are well formed and the tips of the blade show little sign of wear or resharpening. On the upper blade on both the front and reverse faces is a cast / moulded shield-shape pattern. A cast central mid-rib is present that divides the shield evenly in half - it descends from the mid-point of the stop and tapers to an indistinct terminal on the lower blade. The arris also features for a short distance in the centre of the septum where it meets the stops. The loop is relatively small and low; it bisects the stop being broken on the upper / butt side. The two slide flanges are well cast and conjoin with the stop forming a single entity on both edges. In section this is H shaped. The septum is smooth and undecorated. The butt is rectangular and is incomplete; a small fragment of the butt-end is missing; it is most likely lost due to an old patinated casting defect at this point. The axehead has a thick mid-green brown coloured patina which covers all surfaces. There are areas where this is lost a pitted light green coloured corrosion product is present. 



As stated the axehead is in two pieces, having broken transversely across the butt-side of the stops, through the H-section the septum forms with the flanges, and on through the loop. A failure at this location could easily have occurred in use, particularly because the haft termination and sudden reduction of the load bearing cross-section at this point would concentrate the stresses locally. Metallurgically the fracture surface is granular and brittle and although detail is vague could well have contained a casting defect, the propagation of which during use may have caused a fatigue failure;- so explaining the lack of any plastic deformation. An excess of tin in the alloy would also make the axehead overly brittle and prone to failure of this kind. Alternatively given the nature of the landscape in which the axehead was found, it may have been intentionally destroyed in a ritual votive fashion. Bronze Age material is often discovered votively broken, but otherwise well preserved, in deposits close to water around the Fen edge and other similar landscapes in Norfolk.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-01-01T00:00:00Z,2019-11-22T00:00:00Z,,,375,,,,160,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,North Tuddenham,TG0514,From finder,52.68488403,1.03148402,NMS-C8BC70,,HERC8BC70_MBA_Palstave.JPG,Middle Bronze Age Palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/HERC8BC70_MBA_Palstave.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1140571.jpg
1025550,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead of late Bronze Age date (c 1000 - 800 BC) corresponding to the Ewert Park metalworking phase (Needham’s (1996) Period 7) and of faceted type. The surviving portion of the axehead is 43mm in width and 39mm in length, comprising the front end which has a flared, curved blade edge, with pointed, almost hooked ends. The sides of the blade have four distinct facets, which taper to the blade edge. There is no evidence of any other decoration to either face. The break across the axehead reveals the interior to be hollow and the cross section to be of a flattened oval shape.","
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,55,,,,39,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Ashton Keynes,SU0593,From finder,51.63578615,-1.92915133,SUR-1987C9,,SUR1987C9.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR1987C9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1140897.jpg
1026141,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper alloy awl dating to the late Bronze Age (c.1150-800 BC).



The object is square in cross section along most of its length, and tapers to a circular cross-sectioned point at one end. At the other end it flattens to become rectangular in cross-section, before ending in a chisel-shaped terminal. The surfase has green patina but also has some scratches in a light brown colour which looks like it might be a decoration.



Dimensions: Length 56mm; thickness at mid-point 3.5mm; thickness at chisel end 0.7mm; weight 3.77g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.77,,,3.5,56,1,Piotr Gorzkowski,Piotr Gorzkowski,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,North Waltham,SU5746,From finder,51.2103697,-1.1853865,PUBLIC-DACB2D,,awl.jpg,bronze age awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/erthun/awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1141573.jpg
1026214,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A copper alloy palstave axe that has a wide curved blade. The sides of the blade are concave and taper to the middle of the axe. The stop ridge is positioned three-quarters of the way down from the blade, from here tapering flanged sides extend towards the rear of the axe. 



There are patches of dark green patina which is the original surface, however, most of the extremities and blade have been damages by corrosion leaving a light green pitted surface.



This is a Group I: Primary Shield Pattern type and dates to the Middle Bronze Age 1500 BC - 1150",This record was generated form emailed images supplied by the finder during the 2020/21 Covid-19 lockdown.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-02-01T00:00:00Z,2021-03-22T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,174,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Forest of Dean,Taynton,SO7422,From finder,51.89593601,-2.37925029,GLO-EF2764,,IMG_69432.JPG,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/IMG_69432.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1141679.jpg
1026324,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete socketed gouge dating to the Late Bronze Age, c. 1000-800 BC. The remaining portion comprises the tip, which is heavily corroded and has lost most of its original surface. The rear end has a corroded break which reveals the hollow interior of the casting and the sub-rounded cross section of the gouge shaft. A remaining portion of the surface in the concave interior surface of the gouge appears to have striations from use wear.","According to Pearce (1983: 43) these types of socketed gouges begin to be produced in the Wilburton phase, and continued as part of the tool repertoire until the end of the Bronze Age, with most being dated to the Ewart Park phase between c. 1000 - c. 800 BC. Needham et al's (1997) recent study of Bronze Age chronology dated a collared socketed gouge from the Bodwrog Hoard, Anglesey to 2720 +- 45 BP (DoB No 3, OxA-4652, p68).



Comparable socketed gouges have been recorded on the PAS database: DEV-779119, YORYM-316F81, YORYM-CD7FFB, SWYOR-FCB525, NMGW-62C84F, DUR-06F0E8, IOW-EC25A7 and SUR-7898C5.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-11-01T00:00:00Z,,,,31.67,,,12.5,42.8,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Donhead St. Mary,ST8925,From finder,51.02426251,-2.15821535,SUR-1536D1,,SUR1536D1.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR1536D1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1141890.jpg
1026464,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"A complete Early Bronze Age Migdale flat axehead, dating to 2200 - 1900 BC. The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in plan with a narrow butt evenly expanding sides that extend to a splayed crescent shaped blade. In cross section the axe is rectangular shaped with both sides being relatively flat and sides having a rounded curve. The butt of the axe has a horizontal top edge and the corners are rounded. The sides of the axe gently expand evenly in width to a point just above the cutting edge where they become distinctly out-turned / splayed. The axe is a mid-green colour with a large areas of highly polished surface patina. This patina has been broken in several places and where this has occurred laminating corrosion has removed considerable surfaces. Where this damage has occurred a light grey green powdery corrosion is evident. Although there has been some surface loss there is no evidence of applied incised or hammered decoration.

Length: 145 mm

Width: 76 mm

Thickness: 6mm 

Weight: 343 g



Needham flat axe class 3, either C or D. 





Many thanks to Ed Caswell and Peter Reavill for help in narrowing the axehead to a type.","
Images and information kindly provided by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,343,,,6,145,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Derbyshire,South Derbyshire,Barton Blount,SK2234,GPS (from the finder),52.90299142,-1.67436871,LEIC-6A8512,,6A8512.jpg,,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/6A8512.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1142204.jpg
1026498,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy sword of Bronze Age date, c. 1600-800 BC. 



The fragment comprises part of the blade, and is sub-rectangular in shape, although it tapers to a narrowed break. It is lenticular in section, with a marked central rib giving it this profile. There are breaks at both terminals, and the sides of the blade are also jagged and damaged. The surface is largely a smooth dark brownish green, but areas of damage show the lighter green undersurface. 



Numerous similar fragments are recorded on the database, which include SF-F0C159 and NMGW-587A08. The size of the fragments makes close typological assessment difficult, but the width of this example suggests it is a wider blade belonging to the later Middle to Late Bronze Age.



Measurements: 68.8mm length,  35.1mm width, 6.5mm thickness, weight 53.76g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-01T00:00:00Z,2020-10-13T23:00:00Z,,,53.76,,,6.5,68.8,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,Devon,Mid Devon,Burlescombe,ST0616,From finder,50.93575848,-3.33912276,DEV-6B72E1,,DEV6B72E1.jpg,Bronze Age sword fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEV6B72E1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1146332.jpg
1026578,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy, tip from a spearhead, probably of Middle Bronze Age period, dating from c. BC 1500 to c. BC 1150.



The object is broadly triangular in plan and broadly lozenge shaped in cross section. The object has a rounded point at the top, which seems to have sustained some damage. From the point the sides of the object taper out, ensuring the object is wider at the base. There is a central raised ridge running vertically down the middle of the spear head, this appears on both sides. There is an old horizontal break at the base of the object, probably indicating the spear was broken in antiquity. There is damage to both edges of the blade.



It measures 53.0 mm in length, 11.9 mm wide (base), 3.9 mm wide (tip) and 8.3 mm thick. It weighs 10.2 g.



The spear head is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



This object has lost most of it's diagnostic features and as a result further classification is difficult. However similar spearhead fragments have been recorded on the database, including SWYOR-1F74C1, SF-C557DC and WMID-270D2F. All have been dated to the Middle Bronze Age.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.2,,,8.3,53,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Gnosall,SJ8025,From finder,52.82215732,-2.2982319,WMID-7DD405,,WMID7DD405.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID7DD405.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1142220.jpg
1026895,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1150,"A fragment of a copper alloy blade probably a dirk or rapier dating to the Middle Bronze age c. 1450 – 1150BC.



The blade is sub rectangular with a transverse break at one end and a rounded worn tip at the other. The sides of the blade expand slightly at the rounded tip. It is lenticular in cross section with a central mid rib and the blade is thinner in section on the upper part of the blade. The faces of the blade are plain and the edges worn and irregular. The blade is bent with a short narrow indentation across the mid rib on one face.  The object has a dark green patina.



Measurements: length = 30.20mm; width = 13.08mm widening at the rounded tip to13.89mm; thickness = 4.1mm narrowing to 1.3mm at the tip and weight = 5.74g.



Discussion: this is most probably the tip of a rapier or dirk fragment.  The bend in the blade is possibly a deliberate act to render the object unusable.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-04-28T23:00:00Z,,,,5.74,,,4.1,30.2,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Houghton,SU3434,From finder,51.10429763,-1.51576098,SUSS-10DD20,,SUSS10DD20a.jpg,,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS10DD20a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1149203.jpg
1026963,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A complete copper alloy spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1550-1250 BC). The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with a sub-oval/leaf-shaped blade, with a pronounced mid-rib on both faces. The mid-rib is lozenge shaped and tapers from the tip of the spearhead into the socket of the spear. The socket is hollow and has cast side loops roughly half way up the socketed end on opposing sides. The socketed end is slightly chipped but overall the object shows few signs of wear. The object has a smooth dark brown to dark green patina, which is pitted in places.



This form of spearhead can be classified as Davis Group 6 (Davis 2017). Davis (2017) suggests that 'spearheads from the earlier MBA [Middle Bronze Age] were those with sockets extending into the blade, and with loops on the side of the socket'. He thus dates these types to the Acton Park and Taunton phases, circa 1550-1250 BC. As such this example has been similarly dated. 



Comparable objects recorded on the PAS database include: SWYOR-A609BB; LIN-0DDC06; and LANCUM-D63A53.



The object measures 109mm in length, 19mm in width and 14mm in depth.",Photographs and dimensions kindly supplied by the finder during the third Covid-19 lockdown period.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,14,109,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Malvern,SO7648,GPS (from the finder),52.12977927,-2.35201698,WAW-1669B1,,WAW1669B1.jpg,A Bronze Age Spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WAW1669B1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1142724.jpg
1027240,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"
Copper alloy blade tip fragment probably from a socketed spearhead. This is the tip of the spearhead and has a flat spine running down the centre, flanked by bevelled edges on both sides. 
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-04-03T23:00:00Z,,,,2.85,,,2.5,30,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Houghton,SU3433,From finder,51.09530587,-1.51585486,GLO-5422F3,,GLO5422F3.JPG,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO5422F3.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1143701.jpg
1027286,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a copper alloy blade probably from a rapier and probably dating from the Middle Bronze Age, 1500 BC - 1150 BC. The fragment is broadly sub-rectangular in plan and slightly tapered. A central ridge / mid rib runs along the length of the fragment on both faces making it lentoid in cross-section. The patina is brown and speckled green and the surface is smooth. The breaks at both ends are abraded and at least partially patinated. The length is 40.7mm, width 11.5mm, thickness 1.0mm and weight is 9.91g. A direct parallel for the rapier blade cannot be attributed due to the fragmentary nature and lack of diagnostic features and so a broad Middle Bronze Age date is suggested.



The narrowness of the blade and the nearly straight edges suggest this fragment is from a rapier rather than a sword or dagger. Compare HESH-A4380B for a similar fragment, and SOM-71AABB for a near complete example.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-03-25T00:00:00Z,2021-03-25T00:00:00Z,,,9.91,,,1,40.7,1,Diane Gourley,Diane Gourley,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Kettlewell with Starbotton,SD9770,From finder,54.12584779,-2.04739907,SWYOR-905F6E,,SWYOR905F6EPostMedievalBlade.jpg,SWYOR-905F6E Post Medieval Blade,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR905F6EPostMedievalBlade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1143704.jpg
1027317,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A cast bronze side looped and socketed spear (spearhead) of Middle Bronze Age date (1550- 1250 BC). It is broken into two pieces, but the break is partially patinated and the object is otherwsie almost complete.



The socket below the blade is 66.6mm in length; it has a width of 10.8mm broadening to 12.3mm at the base. It weighs 30.2g. The socket is hollow for at least 50mm, and extends into the blade with a ridged mid rib extending to the tip. The blade is narrow in shape with smooth oval edges. There are the remains of cast loops, one on each side, halfway down the socket. Above the loops the shaft narrows before widening to form the base of the blade.  It measures 34.1mm in length, 10.6mm in  width, 5.8mm in thickness and weighs 10.16g. 



Davis describes spearheads from the earlier MBA as those with sockets extending into the blade, and with loops on the side of the socket. He dates these to the Acton Park and Taunton phases, 1550-1250 BC. (Classified as type 6).



Ref: Later Prehistoric Finds Group : Object Datasheet No.5 , Richard Davis PhD, A Short Guide to Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-04-05T23:00:00Z,2021-04-05T23:00:00Z,,,30.2,,,,66.6,1,Diane Gourley,Diane Gourley,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Kettlewell with Starbotton,SD9770,From finder,54.12584779,-2.04739907,SWYOR-91F965,,SWYOR91F965BronzeAgeSpear.jpg,SWYOR-91F965 Bronze Age Spear,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR91F965BronzeAgeSpear.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1143684.jpg
1027365,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed spearhead of Davis’ (2012) Group 6 (Developed side-looped) of  Middle Bronze Age, probably a product of the later Arreton, Acton Park, Taunton or early Wilburton metalworking phases (c. 1500 – 1100BC, or Needham’s (1996) Periods 4-5). The spearhead is 101mm in length, with a pointed leaf-shaped blade, 20mm wide across the rounded lower part of the wings, which comprises half of the extant length of the spearhead. This has a prominent rounded midrib which runs seamlessly from the socket to the blade tip. The socket is conical with a flanking pair of small rounded side loops around one third of the way up the length of the spearhead from the open socket. One of these loops is incomplete.","Cf Davis’ (2012) Group 6 (Developed side-looped) type.



Recorded from details emailed by the finder.",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-05-04T23:00:00Z,,,,33.5,,,,101,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Houghton,SU3434,From finder,51.10429763,-1.51576098,HAMP-A26E58,,HAMPA26E58.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPA26E58.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1143157.jpg
1028127,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,2150,1500,"A copper or copper-alloy leaf shaped razor or knife dating to the Middle Bronze Age c. 2150-1500 BC.



The leaf shaped blade is lenticular in cross-section. One surface is almost flat and the other slightly convex possibly with the remains of a midrib. The tang is also lenticular  in cross section with opposing convex surfaces. The surface extending from the flat side of the blade steeply convex and the opposing side extending from the midrib side is gently convex and almost flat. The tang measures12.44mm at the base of the blade tapering to a point. It thickens from 7.68mm tapering to 1.75mm at the tip. The side profile of the tang terminates in a curve with a sharply upturned tip.The object is covered in pale green corrosion, but is a bright copper underneath. 



Measurements: length: 91.86mm; width: 32.78mm; thickness of blade: 7.31mm and weight: 51.75g. 



Discussion: The upturned tang would have held the original wood, bone or antler handle in place. Other similar examples on the database include: LANCUM-0FBC03; LEIC-081BB1; SF5067. See also Watson, P. 1993 no. 76, a razor metal detected in 1986 in Bewdley Worcestershire and now in Birmingham museum (1987.A218.).



Elle De Spretter notes that the shape is consistent with Peggy Piggot's Class I, Butler and Smith Class Ib and Jockenhovel's double edge with long oval blade and tang.



References:



Butler and Smith, 1956. Razors, urns and the British Middle Bronze Age', Univ London Inst Archaeol Ann Rep Vol. 12.



Piggott C.M. 1946. The Late Bronze Age Razors of the British Isles, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society (N.S. 12 (XII)).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,51.75,,,,91.86,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,East Sussex,Rother,Battle,TQ7317,From finder,50.92651512,0.46027991,SUSS-7B1A9D,,SUSS7B1A9D.jpg,Copper alloy leaf shaped razor,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS7B1A9D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1144103.jpg
1028233,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1300,"A cast copper-alloy flanged axe dating from the Middle Bronze Age, about 1600-1300 BC. It is probably from Needham Period 4-5; the Arreton, Acton or Taunton metalwork assemblage. There is a lozenge shaped flange on each side of the butt end. The blade tip is crescent shaped but no bevels are visible. The sides of the blade flare towards the cutting edge, and are curved. There is no stop ridge for the handle to butt against, but the blade is thicker than the septum. There is a raised curved line at the haft end of the blade - a shield pattern - on both faces, and within the shield is a central arris running along the axe towards the septum. The surfaces inside the flanges are smooth and deep green, but the more exposed surfaces are extensively pitted. The butt end is damaged, so it is not clear if it was notched (concave) or not. The object weighs 446g, has a length of 151.7mm, a width of 29.7mm and has a thickness of 29mm.  



Compare DOR-5D7F46 which cites Peter Reavill who reports that Burgess and Schmidt note the affinities of the shield shaped pattern to that seen on Palstaves of the same period (pp 84-89)"" suggesting a date of about 1600-1400 BC (Needham Periods 4-5 and Burgess Metal Working Stage VII and VIII). SWYOR-596EEA is also similar and the record comments that: ""Winged axes of the Taunton assemblage are more common in Northern England."" See also the short flanged axes in figure 31 of Rohl and Needham (1998) Britsh Museum Occasional paper 102.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-02-09T00:00:00Z,2020-02-09T00:00:00Z,,,446,,,29,151.7,1,Andy Benbow,Charlotte Micklethwaite,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Marton cum Grafton,SE4063,Generated from computer mapping software,54.06140128,-1.39038166,SWYOR-B84B4D,,SWYORB84B4DBronzeAgePalstave.jpg,SWYOR-B84B4D Bronze Age Palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYORB84B4DBronzeAgePalstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1145661.jpg
1028410,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1600,"A fragment of an Early Bronze Age developed flat axe of Needham’s Class 4 but of uncertain sub-type, probably dating to the later part of Needham’s (1996) Period 3 (c. 1900 – 1600 BC). The surviving portion comprises a 40.6mm long section of the blade end. The fragment is flat in profile, with the tapering ends of parallel flanged ridges along each side. The blade appears to be facetted into the cutting edge. The break at the rear end is patinated and ancient.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,63.6,,,10.2,40.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Shere,TQ0749,From finder,51.23016745,-0.46891673,SUR-E28B29,,SURE28B29.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURE28B29.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1144438.jpg
1028545,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"A complete but chipped copper alloy spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1550-1250 cal BC) consisting of a circular socket with side loops above which is a leaf shaped blade. 



The spearhead's blade is broadly leaf shaped in plan with a point of maximum width (PMW) placed 14.5mm along its 43.2mm length. Below the PMW the blade edges first narrow in a convex arc before abruptly becoming straight diagonal lines to meet the haft of the object. Above the PMW they narrow smoothly in a convex arc to the blades' point. Both blades have irregular chips missing possibly from damage in the soil, although there are at least two (maybe three) V-shaped chips in one blade near the tip of the spear that may be from use or an act of deliberate damage.  The mid-rib  is pronounced, runs the length of the blade and is lozenge shaped in cross section. the blade is flat beyond the midrib with no evidence of a bevel.



The socket is circular in cross section with a maximum diameter of 14.3mm at its base. The socket contain concreted soil within it. The spear's has cast side loops placed roughly half way up the socketed end on opposing sides. each loop is c. 10.9mm long, thin (2.0mm wide) and has a sub-oval hole. They do not appear to have been hammered after casting having a stringy appearance. Two casting seem run the length of the socket along lines that include each of the side loops. These are most pronounced between the side loops and blade.



The spear has a mostly thick dark green patina that is chipped to reveal a lighter green patina below. There are some lighter bronze scratches possibly from recent damage by the plough.



The spearhead is 87.0mm long, 14.3mm thick at the socket narrowing to c.2.3mm thick at the blade tip and weighs 22.31 grams.  



Side-looped spearheads are Greenwell and Brewis'  (1909) Class IV which they date to the early Middle Bronze Age. Davis (2012) has recently provided a more thorough typology of Bronze Age spearheads in Britain within this typology this form most closely matches his type 6E (leaf shaped) with a point of maximum width placed c. 34% along the blades length and convex blade edges. While the lower blade edge is somewhat angular similar to those seen on Kite shaped spearheads, these may be warped and are illustrated on further leaf shaped spearheads illustrated by Davis (2012: pl. 34, Nos. 570, 584. 587 and 590). Davis (2012: 108-9) argues side looped forms to The Acton Park Phase (1550-1400 cal BC) with the suggestion that in some areas this use may be extended slightly into the Taunton Phase (1400-1250 cal BC).  A date of c. 1550 to 1250 cal BC is most appropriate (following Needham et al. 1997) this would match Needham's (1996) period 5.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-04-23T23:00:00Z,2021-04-23T23:00:00Z,,,22.31,,,14.3,87,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Steeple Claydon,SP6827,From finder,51.93736093,-1.01228172,OXON-0CE8E2,,OXON0CE8E2.jpg,Middle Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON0CE8E2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1145626.jpg
1029546,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"Middle Bronze Age palstave axe of typical non side-looped form, with 'shield-shaped' moulding immediately below the stop ridge. Pitted, worn and corroded, damaged butt end and flanges. Length 140mm. Width 55mm. Weighs 290g. c. 1,600 to 1,400 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-02-10T00:00:00Z,2020-02-10T00:00:00Z,,,290,,,,140,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Felthorpe,TG1717,,52.7071414,1.2107028,NMS-1E699D,,64100_1E699D_BA_Palstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/64100_1E699D_BA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1147301.jpg
1029984,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed leaf-shaped spearhead, 184mm in length, probably of pegged type. The form most likely corresponds to Davis' (2017) group 11, probably a product of the Wilburton or Ewart Park Metalwork Assemblages and dating to c.1200- 800 BC. The socket is incomplete, but what remains is a maximum 23.7mm diameter and tapers seamlessly into a thick round midrib. The blade is leaf shaped and tapers regularly to a thin triangular point. The cross section is lenticular with no clear distinction between midrib and wing. There is a remnant of a narrow flange around the blade edge on one side at the widest point suggesting a stepped or bevelled blade edge which has mostly been lost to corrosion. Much of the original surface is retained; there is no trace of decoration apparent.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,169.78,,,23.7,184,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Somerset,Mendip,West Pennard,ST5438,From finder,51.13941002,-2.65888987,SUR-9CD5A3,,SUR9CD5A3.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR9CD5A3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1145955.jpg
1030501,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe fragment of indeterminate type and of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries dated to c. 1150 – 600BC



The fragmentary cast axe is represented by a blade fragment (with a surviving length of 42.3mm, a maximum thickness of 12.2mm and a weight of 65.5g). The axe has broken in antiquity across one face and through the base of the socket on the other face. The socket is rectangular (33.4mm wide). The sides appear to be straight and gradually divergent to the blade edge. Corrosion has removed any casting seam on the sides. The original edge blade edge has been lost and is eroded (with a width of 42.0mm) but is near-straight and shallow (with a surviving depth of 5mm). The blade faces are slightly convex across their widths but near-flat across the length of the more complete face. There is no surviving evidence for ribs on the face but the surface is very heavily corroded. Traces of a mid to dark green patina are evident but much of the surface has a pale-green active corrosion.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification uncertain. The presence of a socket base indicates a Late Bronze Age date for the axe, c. 1,150 – 600BC, probably of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. The fragment is comparatively heavy, possibly suggesting a leaded bronze, consistent with late Bronze Age and particularly Ewart Park metalwork. The straight shallow blade is consistent with axes of South Wales (Stogursey) type but should not discount other possible types",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,65.5,,,12.2,42.3,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Bridgend,Bridgend,Cornelly,SS8081,,51.51513902,-3.73076327,NMGW-32296E,,20184axe.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20184axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1147446.jpg
1030779,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A copper alloy fragment of a Bronze Age sword dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age, 1300 BC to 800 BC. It is also possible that the fragment is from a dirk or rapier. The blade is lentoid in cross-section with edge bevels on both faces. Both ends are broken and the damage does not appear to be recent. The breaks are patinated but not worn. The fragment tapers and has straight edges. The surface has been recently slightly damaged in the centre where the patina is missing. There appears to be post depositional bending in the centre, causing cracks in the patina, which is a blue-green colour where it is undisturbed. The fragment is 103.1mm long; 36.3mm wide narrowing to 27.3mm; 6.3mm thick, and it weighs 117.5g.



See https://finds.org.uk/guides/bronzeage/objects/swords. This fragment is probably most likely to be from a Wilburton or Ewart Park type sword but could also be from the Taunton or Penard style phases. Compare WMID-871F5F and YORYM-17D783.



The location of the findspot in the Aire Valley, fairly near to the burial mounds and henge at Ferrybridge, may be significant, and could suggest intentional deposition in a riverine environment, perhpas after being deliberately broken.","
Bronze Age swords are not common finds in North Yorkshire, so it has been made a find of note.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-05-11T23:00:00Z,2020-05-11T23:00:00Z,,,117.05,,,6.3,103.1,1,Joan Tozer,Julie Scriven,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Selby,Fairburn,SE4628,From finder,53.74635257,-1.30396873,SWYOR-99BACA,,SWYOR99BACABronzeAgeSword.jpg,SWYOR-99BACA Bronze Age Sword,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR99BACABronzeAgeSword.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156876.jpg
1031192,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"A late bronze age socketed axehead which retains a portion of wood within the socket. The axehead is of a late Bronze Age type probably attributable to the Ewart Park Metalworking Industry, (c. 1000-700BC) with a single sideloop near the socket and three moulded ridges to each side of the blade which run half way down to the cutting edge. There is corrosion damage to the socket end on one side which has resulted in three fragments breaking away; they are however retained (2nd image). The socket is 37.3mm by 44mm and of sub rectangular form with a circumferential ridge around the opening. The blade edge is damaged from corrosion but flares slightly and tapers to a thickness of around 7mm. There are casting spurs along the seams on the sides.



The wood in the socket is soft and fibrous and a light tan / brown in colour. It appears to completely fill the hollow centre of the axehead (3rd image).","
The retention of wood within the socket of this axehead is exceptionally rare and made possibly only by localised anaerobic preservation in a waterlogged context (possibly a ditch fill). These conditions have further resulted in poor preservation of the metal.
",3,Copper alloy,Wood,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,214.42,,,37.3,92.1,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Sedgehill and Semley,ST8825,From finder,51.0242423,-2.17247349,SUR-DADF32,,SURDADF32.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURDADF32.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1147232.jpg
1031470,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,600,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe fragment of indeterminate type and of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries dated to c. 1,150 – 600BC



The fragmentary cast axe is represented by a blade fragment only (with a surviving length of 29.9mm, a maximum thickness of 12.0mm and a weight of 52.3g) and is of comparatively slender form. At the top of the fragment is the base of the socket of sub-rectangular form (26.7mm x 5.5mm and with a maximum surviving depth of 2.4mm), broken in antiquity. A small length of the sides survive (24-5mm), which appear slightly bevelled towards a raised central ridge, which comprises the finished casting seams. The surviving sides are near-straight and slightly divergent to the blade tips (with a surviving blade edge width of 40.0mm). The original edge blade edge has been lost and is eroded but has a slight curved edge (with a surviving depth of 5mm). The surviving blade faces are very slightly convex across both their lengths and widths. There are no ribs evident on the surviving faces. The surfaces are corroded with a partially preserved dark-green patina and elsewhere has a pale green corrosion.



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification indeterminate. The presence of a socket base indicates a Late Bronze Age date for the axe, c. 1,150 – 600BC, probably of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. The fragment is comparatively heavy, possibly suggesting a leaded bronze, consistent with late Bronze Age and particularly Ewart Park metalwork.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,52.3,,,12,29.9,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,Wales,Newport,Newport,Michaelstone-y-Fedw,ST2684,,51.55001717,-3.06863188,NMGW-3128F8,,20188axefrag.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20188axefrag.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1147450.jpg
1031490,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe fragment of indeterminate type and of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries dated to c. 1,150 – 600BC



The fragmentary cast axe is represented by a blade fragment only (with a surviving length of 30.5mm, a maximum thickness of 12.4mm and a weight of 30.2g). At the top of the fragment is the base of the socket of sub-rectangular form (28.8mm x 5.2mm and with a maximum surviving depth of 7.6mm), broken in antiquity. The socket is wedge-shaped, converging towards its base. A small length of the sides survive (19mm), which appear slightly bevelled towards a central ridge, which comprises the neatly finished casting seams. The surviving sides are straight and slightly divergent to the blade tips (with a surviving blade edge width of 39.2mm). The original edge blade edge has been lost and is eroded but is irregular with a slight curved edge (with a surviving depth of 5mm). The surviving blade faces are slightly convex across both their lengths and widths. There are no ribs evident on the surviving faces. The surface has a partially preserved dark-green patina and elsewhere has a pale green corrosion. 



The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification indeterminate. The presence of a socket base indicates a Late Bronze Age date for the axe, c. 1,150 – 600BC, probably of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. The fragment is comparatively heavy, possibly suggesting a leaded bronze, consistent with late Bronze Age and particularly Ewart Park metalwork.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.2,,,12.4,30.5,1,Mark Lodwick,Mark Lodwick,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Madley,SO4138,,52.03724838,-2.86153356,NMGW-31C923,,2018121axe.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2018121axe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1147453.jpg
1031609,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A copper alloy penannular ring or ring core of probable Bronze Age date (c. 1300-800BC). The ring is made from a circular sectioned loop. The original surface is missing, and green and brown copper corrosion products cover the ring. The blue corrosion product is likely azurite. Objects such as this are often termed “ring money” or “hair rings” but are most likely a form of personal adornment worn on the nose or ears.  Typically dated to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, it is suggested in NMGW-04216C that they in fact originate in the Middle bronze age and continue in use until the end of the Bronze Age. This means a wider date range of c. 1300-800BC must be given for this object. 



It is possible that this object is a core onto which sheet gold or gold/silver alloy would have been fixed. The XRF results may support this as a trace quantity of gold and silver was detected.



The finder was kind enough to take an XRF scan of this object. While this will not give precise readings of the metal composition it does give indication as to the elements present. The results were: Cu 42%; Sn 42%; Si 7%; Pb 3%; Au + Ag 0.4%",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.82,,18.8,6.5,,1,George Whatley,George Whatley,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Winterbourne Bassett,SU1175,,51.47385782,-1.84301396,NMGW-460555,,ringmoney.jpg,Bronze age penannular ring,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/ringmoney.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1147600.jpg
1031731,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axehead. The mouth of the socket has become squashed and broken (and the breaks worn). Approximately half of the mouth is missing to a depth of 16 to 20mm. Another quarter of similar depth is detached but extant, while the fourth quarter is in-situ and integral. The detached fragment fits back onto the axehead well, in a position opposite and squashed against the integral quarter. Both parts are thickened at the rim and their shape indicates that the mouth was originally oval.



The axehead is sub-rectangular in transverse cross-section (rounded corners and slightly convex faces). In width, it tapers concavely from the mouth to the centre and then expands concavely to the lateral tips of the curved cutting edge.  In thickness, it expands convexly from the mouth to a point about a third of the way along of its length (mainly or wholly due to having been squashed) and then tapers convexly from there until it terminates in a point at the cutting edge.



The two narrow faces each bear a longitudinal casting seam, and one bears a loop, which is biconvex in cross-section and situated close to the mouth. A small fragment of the cutting edge has been lost from a worn break near its centre. The whole object is patinated bright green. 10th to 8th century BC



Length: 97.4mm. Width (at cutting edge): 50.8mm. Thickness at centre (broad face to broad face): 22.2mm. Thickness of rim: 5.4mm. Weight: 212g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-03-18T00:00:00Z,2021-03-18T00:00:00Z,,,212,,,22.2,97.4,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Lessingham,TG3727,From finder,52.78849015,1.51339168,NMS-5A0D4E,,PFd_65105_5A0D4E_INDDL28052021AM_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_65105_5A0D4E_INDDL28052021AM_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154093.jpg
1031833,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a middle Bronze Age copper alloy axehead, probably a flanged or palstave type, comprising a 38.3mm long section of the cutting end. The blade is flat in profile, 10.2mm thick and has a flared crescentic cutting edge which appears to be faceted slightly as it tapers. The body of the axehead has a narrow rectangular cross section 18.2mm wide and ends at a break which is patinated and looks ancient.",,4,Copper alloy,,Finder applying for an export licence,Metal detector,2019-09-22T23:00:00Z,,,,38,,,10.2,38.3,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Deanshanger,SP7739,Centred on field,52.04405815,-0.87870272,SUR-6C6EB8,,SUR6C6EB8.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR6C6EB8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1147893.jpg
1032078,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"A near-complete copper alloy Wessex dagger dating from the Early Bronze Age (c. 1600-1400 BC), of EBAIII Arreton (Camerton-Snowshill) type (following Gerloff 1975) or Series 5D (following Needham 2015), and of Needham's (1996) Period 4-5. The blade is 128.8mm in length and tapers with ogival sides to a point from a 47.3mm width rear end which has two rivet holes. The blade has lenticular cross section and is decorated with two sets of four parallel grooves which run along each edge of  the blade on both sides, following the line of the taper and merging at the point. The blade edges are bevelled. The midrib merges seamlessly into the profile of the blade. The tip is slightly bent.","
Camerton-Snowshill daggers are generally deposited within burials with a largely Wiltshire and Dorset distribution and have a date range that is believed to span the Early to Middle Bronze Age transition.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-03-28T00:00:00Z,,,,68.4,,,4.8,128.8,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Harting,SU7619,From finder,50.9654178,-0.91910565,HAMP-C13678,,HAMPC13678.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPC13678.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1148150.jpg
1032331,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"A Late Bronze Age (1150-750 BC) copper alloy penannular ring, or core of a gold plated penannular ring.



The object is circular in cross-section (c.3.73mm diameter) with abutting terminals. The cross section narrows slightly at the terminals to c.3.10mm in diameter. The ring is slightly bent out of shape causing the terminals to meet at the lower edge. The surface of the metal is smooth and a pale green patina remains.



The ring measures 14.02mm in length, 13.93mm in height, 3.73mm in max. thickness and weighs 2.18g.



Other copper alloy examples on the database include: HAMP-03E054 and NMGW-460555",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Winterbourne,SU1634,From finder,51.10507909,-1.77284889,SUSS-EE6AF5,,SUSSEE6AF5.jpg,Copper alloy penannular ring,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSSEE6AF5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1148336.jpg
1032624,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy arrowhead of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, probably the Penard or Ewart Park phase, c. 1300-800 BC.



The arrowhead is socketed and triangular in plan with a central ridge running down the length. The circular socket is almost complete with some damage to the outer edge. The arrowhead has a pale green patina.



The arrowhead is 23.44mm in length, 14.65mm maximum width, 6.45mm maximum thickness, and weighs 2.89g.



There are few copper alloy Bronze Age arrowheads on the database, with the only comparable example being : SWYOR-02F6E1.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.89,,,6.45,23.44,1,Timothy Locke,Timothy Locke,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Patching,TQ0808,From finder,50.86143362,-0.4668154,SUSS-58E431,,SUSS58E431.jpg,copper alloy arrowhead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS58E431.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1149147.jpg
1032690,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-1000,"A cast copper alloy (bronze) looped transitional type palstave of later Middle or Late Bronze Age date c. 1150 - 1000 BC - most probably associated with the Penard phase (Needham Period 5).



The palstave is broadly rectangular in plan with relatively straight parallel side which flare on the lower blade and expand to form a shallow crescentic cutting edge. In profile the palstave is lentoid with the widest section being before and after the stop ridge - where it tapers to form the butt and blade. The upper blade is corroded and abraded, though decoration is present at the midrib, consisting of four moulded vertical lines wither side of the stop ridge. The cutting edge of the blade is slightly rounded. On one edge is the remains the fragments of a single loop.  This loop is positioned in line with the stop ridge and extends below this onto the upper blade. The loop is abraded and only partially survives.



Length: 160 mm

Width: 39 mm

Weight: 271 g



Many thanks to Peter Reavill for assisting in identifying this object.



A undecorated parallel can be seen on the database under HESH-5EC144","
Record created by images and information kindly provided by the finder, this object has not been seen by the FLO.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,271,,,,,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Billesdon,SK7104,GPS (from the finder),52.62912291,-0.95245799,LEIC-6A82A4,,6A82A4.jpg,Palstave axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/6A82A4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1148737.jpg
1032956,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"A copper alloy palstave axe that has a wide curved blade that has a bevelled forward edge forming the cutting edge. The sides of the blade are concave and taper to the middle of the axe. On both sides a central ridge emanates from behind the cutting edge and travels the length of the blade. The ridge bisects towards its end, forming a Y-shape which terminates at the stop ridge.  The stop ridge is positioned three-quarters of the way down from the blade, from here tapering flanged sides extend towards the rear of the axe. 



The surface preservation of the item is exceptional which only modest pitting from corrosion effecting the patina which is the original surface. 



This is a Group I: Primary Shield Pattern type and dates to the Middle Bronze Age 1600-1400 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-03-01T00:00:00Z,2021-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,500,,,33,131,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,,North Somerset,North Somerset,Dundry,ST5566,From finder,51.39124478,-2.64813003,GLO-A988FD,,GLOA988FD.JPG,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOA988FD.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1149001.jpg
1033192,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1100,"A copper-alloy Bronze Age socketed spearhead. Middle BA 'string' side looped spearhead. Middle part and base of the blade is plough rolled and has lost the side loops and the tip.There is considerable damage to each rib and the tip is broken.



These fit well with the rapier series and will date about 1450-1150 BC. The strength on the X shaped casting gives it a high mid rib, suggesting thrusting like rapiers and Dirk's.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.05,,,8,55.5,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Frilsham,SU5473,,51.45341504,-1.2242448,BERK-FEC10A,,BERKFEC10A.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERKFEC10A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1150213.jpg
1033308,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of cast copper-alloy bronze age object, probably South Eastern type socketed axehead, dating to the period c.1000 - 800BC.



Description: The fragment is roughly L-shaped in profile, with the surviving outside edges being heavily polished and slightly convex. This latter point suggests it represents part of the body of the axehead. The internal sides is unfinished and rough, with swelling towards the centre slightly. It is noticeable that the fragment's walls are impractically thin. It has a very dark-grey green patination. 



Measurements: Height 31.76mm, Width 50.49mm, thickness 4.36mm and Weight of 32.47g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.47,31.76,,4.36,,1,Steven Nye,Steven Nye,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Hurstbourne Priors,SU4148,GPS (from the finder),51.22972224,-1.41419434,KENT-143A25,,vesselfragment.jpg,vessel,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/nyes61/vesselfragment.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1149446.jpg
1033366,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1600,"An incomplete copper-alloy, flanged axehead, dating from the final phase of the Early to the earliest Middle Bronze Age (c. 2000 - 1500 BC). Possibly of Arreton type dated to Early Bronze Age III, of metalworking stage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 BC.



Description: The axehead survives in two heavily corroded pieces. the blade end has snapped just about 3 cms past the shallow proto stop ridge. It has flanged parallel sides which run from the edge of the blade along the body towards the butt. The flanges appears to be cast rather than hammered out. The blade itself is a wide crescent shape with slightly upturned corners. The flanges narrow slightly towards the centre of the body and widen back towards the edge they are also shallower at each end. The axehead's surface is heavily patinated and pitted with some abrasion along the edges. The break are heavily abraded and likely having occured while in the ground. The corrosion is very advanced



Measurements: 172mm long, 69mm wide, 31mm thick (at thickest) and 500g in weight



Discussion: The axehead superficially seems to fit with the Arreton type of long-flanged developed flat axes (Burgess and Schmidt, 1981. 65 - 75). Burgess and Schmidt suggest from their study that the distribution of this Arreton type concentrates in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Their work though only looks directly at the axes of Scotland and Northern England.



Similar examples have been found at Margam, Port Talbot (Savory 1980, No. 122) and Breach Farm, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, No. 338) associated with a cremation burial recently radiocarbon dated to c. 1750 - 1600 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,500,,,31,172,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Tonbridge and Malling,Wrotham,TQ6258,Generated from computer mapping software,51.29808037,0.32229736,KENT-17EAAB,,KENT17EAABa.jpg,Flanged axehead,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT17EAABa.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1149520.jpg
1033746,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1100,"
A small cast copper alloy fragment, probably from the butt end of an early to middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged or palstave axehead. The side profile tapers to the rear edge, which is straight, with rounded corners.
","
The broken edge across the width of the object exposes vesicles from the casting which may have been a weak point for the break.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.52,,,5.3,8.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Froyle,SU7644,From finder,51.19018049,-0.91385681,SUR-9343DD,,SUR9343DD.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR9343DD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1150024.jpg
1033854,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-1050,"An incomplete, cast copper alloy transitional type palstave of Penard/Wallington metalworking, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Periods 5 -6 and dating Middle Bronze Age III to Late Bronze Age I probably c. 1250-1050BC.



The axehead is incomplete, the butt end is missing with an uneven break through the septum 30mm from the stop ridge. The stop has rounded corners. The surface is very corroded and pitted, but there appears to be a rounded central midrib on both faces.  The casting seam is visible along both sides of the axehead with two raised protrusions on one side which are the vestigial remain of the small loop. The blade is narrow and slim, concave below the stop and tapering to a slightly flared curved cutting edge. 



The metal is dark green in colour, heavily pitted with pale green corrosion. 



Measurements: 127.06 mm long,  35.93mm at wide at the cutting edge, and 31.26mm wide at socketed end and  It is 33.13mm thick at its thickest point and weighs 346 grams.



A similar PAS recorded example is: NMGW-0BA169.","
Thanks to Peter Reavill for his help with identification. 
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,346,,,33.13,127.06,1,Jane Clark,Liz Walker,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Stopham,TQ0319,From finder,50.96122874,-0.53473274,SUSS-A89943,,SUSSA89943.jpg,palstave axe head,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSSA89943.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1152472.jpg
1034511,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A complete gold (or gold plated) penannular ring of mid to late Bronze Age date (c.1300-750&nbsp;BC.). The body is oval in cross-section. The ring is undecorated, but the outer surface&nbsp;has&nbsp;feint scratches. One face has a small indentation near the left terminal (gap at the bottom) and scratches across the width of the ring. The other face has scratches&nbsp;across the length of the ring (ie the scratches are at a 90 degree&nbsp;angle on the two faces). The terminal surfaces&nbsp;are both flat, but each has a small &#39;U&#39; shaped mark&nbsp;(the bottom of the U towards the centre of the ring), which are possibly&nbsp;cut marks from the removal of the &#39;missing&#39; piece, or casting marks.&nbsp;

Gap between terminals: 2.01mm.

Length: 15.34mm. Width: 17.34mm. Thickness: 6.24mm

Weight: 6.78g","For similar examples and fuller discussion of their use and date please see&nbsp;SUSS-42C974 and IOW-798B18.

For similar items from Hampshire please see:&nbsp;OXON-5CECC4, SUSS-5B32DE, and HAMP-E74001.

These rings are sometimes&nbsp;formed from a copper alloy core with a gold plating. There is no visual evidence of copper alloy on this item, but its weight may suggest this construction.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;",4,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2021-08-08T00:00:00Z,,2021T526,,6.78,,,6.24,15.34,1,,Jenny Durrant,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Denmead,SU6613,,50.91270159,-1.0625724,HAMP-2419C2,,2021T526.jpg,Gold penannular ring,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jdurrant/2021T526.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1152531.jpg
1034655,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Two joining parts of a Late Bronze Age sword with the hilt and the upper end of the blade missing, in fresh condition. Surfaces are an even brown with two patches of verdigris, one area covered by a thin blue deposit and another with streaks of rust. The non-recent break (old, but not ancient, likely to be post-depositional) between the parts is the result of bending while the upper break appears similar though there is no sign of distortion. Both faces of the blade are similar, a broad central convexity taking up most of the width and flanked by narrow ribs running parallel with the sharp edges. The ribs die out 82mm above the tip. Weight 386g. Extant length 420mm (both parts are 210mm long). Width and thickness at break 29.4 and 7.2mm. Maximum width, near mid-point of upper part, 31mm. Width and thickness at upper break 26 and 7.8mm. c.1000 - c.800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-01-01T00:00:00Z,2021-07-15T23:00:00Z,,,386,,,7.8,420,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7106,GPS (from the finder),52.62482744,0.52490383,NMS-3ADFF1,,PFd_20388_3ADFF1_SB062021_BA_Sword_a.jpg,Bronze Age Sword,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_20388_3ADFF1_SB062021_BA_Sword_a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1159418.jpg
1034706,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,500,"Copper alloy (bronze) casting waste of uncertain date; most probably Mid - Late Bronze Age (1500-700 BC). However, due to the lack of context and the continuation of casting styles this artefact could be dated from Bronze Age - Roman period (c. 1500 BC - 450 AD). This fragment is from the neck (funnel / well) of a composite probably two part mould. The casting waste is conical; being oval in plan and D shaped in cross section. In profile the edges of the waste taper relatively evenly. The base of the casting waste is irregular with the remains of two runners / casting jets being present. These jets / runners are heavily abraded. The sides show no evidence of casting seams although they are also similarly abraded. The upper surface is pitted and rough, although heavily patinated: at the centre of the upper surface is a slight depression. This surface is commonly seen where the metal is poured into the neck of the mould and shrinks on cooling. The casting waste is a mid green colour with a slight mid grey coloured corrosion product present in several areas. Casting waste is very hard to date in isolation but the patina and form might suggest a Bronze Age - Roman date. The fact that this mould comes to an oval broken edge may suggest that it was for casting a palstave or possibly a tool; it is most likely to date from the Middle Bronze Age. A direct comparison has not been found. The survival of casting waste is relatively rare as it is usually recycled swiftly as a bi-product of casting.



Length: 29.1mm, Width: 28.7mm, Thickness: 19.5mm, Weight: 50.93gms",,3,Copper alloy,,Undergoing further examination at a museum,Metal detector,2013-04-10T23:00:00Z,,,,50.93,,,19.5,29.1,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,South Ferriby,SE9921,Centred on parish,53.67609995,-0.50277172,NLM-3DD10C,,NLM47138.jpg,"Medieval cauldron leg, perhaps miscast",North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM47138.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1150739.jpg
1034718,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,42,"Copper alloy awl of sub-rectangular cross-section with two pointed ends and a shallow median groove along almost the while length of one broad face. The surface is iron-stained. No good parallel has been noted, perhaps Late Bronze Age or Iron Age. Weight 3.04g. Length 43.2mm. Width 4.5mm. Thickness 2.7mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-01-01T00:00:00Z,2021-07-15T23:00:00Z,,,3.04,,,2.7,43.2,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7304,Centred on field,52.60623277,0.55337415,NMS-3E77A6,,PFd_17614_3E77A6_SB062021_BA_Awl.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_17614_3E77A6_SB062021_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1152898.jpg
1034724,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-750,"A copper alloy fragment from the central part of the blade of a rapier or sword of Middle to Late Bronze Age date c. 1500 – 750BC. The fragment is 37.6mm in length and 31.5mm in width, with lenticular cross section and a rounded rib, 8.2mm thick, at the centre to give strength to the blade. The edges of the blade have been lost to post depositional abrasion; the remaining surface has an even green patina.","
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,35.6,,,8.2,37.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Odiham,SU7249,From finder,51.23564991,-0.97008259,SUR-3F2967,,SUR3F2967.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR3F2967.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1150717.jpg
1035262,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead with old breaks, part of a slightly thickened mouth with part of a very low longitudinal rib.  Weight 11.37g. Length 26mm. Width 19.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-01-01T00:00:00Z,2021-07-15T23:00:00Z,,,11.37,,,,26,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Barton Bendish,TF7204,Centred on field,52.60655,0.53862229,NMS-E3BEC5,,PFd_18841_E3BEC5_SB062021_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_18841_E3BEC5_SB062021_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1152910.jpg
1035268,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-2200,410,"An incomplete, miniature, copper alloy flat axehead of possible Bronze Age to Roman date (c. 2200 BC - AD 410). 



The object has a tapering blade, flat sides and a rounded cutting edge. The entire surface is heavily pitted with corrosion. A broad date has been proposed as the appearance of the object most closely resembles Early Bronze Age flat axeheads of the Migdale type (e.g. HAMP-3781B6 and DEV-8D7466), but its small size is comparable to late Iron Age and Roman miniature votive deposits (e.g. SUSS-9DD02B). 



Length: 49.5mm, width: 25.81mm, thickness: 3.87mm, weight: 20.25g. 



Cf. YORYM-CE8933, LIN-65381C, and NMGW-61E56A.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.35,,,3.87,49.5,1,Maria Kneafsey,Maria Kneafsey,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Wanstrow,ST7343,GPS (from the finder),51.18558411,-2.38769528,SOM-E477B7,,SOME477B72.jpg,Bronze Age flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mkneafsey/SOME477B72.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1151488.jpg
1035975,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"A gold plated Bronze Age penannular striped ring with silvery gold alloy wire circumferentially inlaid. The body is circular in cross-section and it is decorated with broad stripes. Gold plating covers the whole of the core and is seamless over the body of the ring. The circumferential pattern of stripes is spiral and it is wound in a clockwise direction. It appears to be produced by inlaying a continuous strip of silvery gold around the ?copper alloy core to give the appearance of alternating stripes of gold and silver.



Maximum diameter 20mm; internal diameter 6.5mm; thickness of hoop 7mm; gap between terminals 3mm at widest; weight 13.54 grams.","See TAR 2003 / Treasure Annual Report 2003 (pps. 17-18, no. 5); Murgia et al 2014 / European Bronze Age Gold in the British Museum (3.7.6.3).",3,Gold,Copper alloy,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,,,2003T290,,13.54,,20,6.63,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Crondall,SU7948,From finder,51.22573493,-0.87005746,SUR-8E1010,,2003T290.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/2003T290.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1152242.jpg
1036657,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A Bronze Age unlooped early/primary palstave, dating to c. 1500 - 1300 BC. The blade of the palstave is broadly sub-triangular in plan with relatively straight (but with slightly expanded) sides and a expanding convex cutting edge (fantailed). In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. Beneath the stop-ridge, on both sides of the palstave is a shield shaped depression. The rear part of the axe, from the stop ridge to the butt, is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part behind the stop ridge, it has a central rectangular shaped septum.



Length: 168 mm

Width: 73 mm

Thickness: 31 mm

Weight: 485 g



This form and style of palstave fits can be classified as an early palstave / primary group I - shield patterned and dates to the first phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA I) 1500-1300 BC specifically within the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both assemblages fit within Burgess Metal Working Stage VIII and IX.","
Record created by images and information kindly provided by the finder
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,485,,,31,168,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Hoby with Rotherby,SK6520,GPS (from the finder),52.77368692,-1.03793326,LEIC-7182E5,,7182E5.jpg,Palstave axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/7182E5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1153352.jpg
1037128,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A Middle Bronze Age (c 1400-1100 BC) dirk, 180mm in length. The edges of the blade taper from the butt end, are parallel along most of the blade length and then taper to a leaf-shaped point. The butt is trapezoidal with rivet holes to either side, both of which are broken, which would have secured the hilt. Both rivets are missing. The blade is lozengiform in cross section with a broad and very low central spine. The blade appears to have been intentionally bent at the mid point.",Dirks and rapiers of this type belong to Burgess and Gerloff's (1981) Group IV.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,57.1,,,3.7,180,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Clanfield,SP2901,From finder,51.70699339,-1.58171638,SUR-DBFD61,,SURDBFD61.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURDBFD61.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1153573.jpg
1037566,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,1150,"A complete copper alloy unlooped palstave axehead of middle Bronze Age date (1500-1150 BC).



The blade of the palstave has convex expanding sides, and a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge measures 46mm wide and has a thickness of 3mm and has a shallow edge bevel measuring 10mm in width. The cutting edge is blunt and abraded and is slightly asymmetrical. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the thickest section being at the stop ridge. The blade appears undecorated with either a mid-rib or shield pattern, however the surface is heavily corroded which may be obscuring any decorative details.



The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section. The stop ridge is the widest section and measures 20mm in width and 29mm thick. The septum is U-shaped septum and has straight-sided open flanges for hafting. An air bubble is present at the base of the stop ridge on one of the septum faces. The septum measures 40mm in length. Either side of the septum, the flanges are incomplete, thin and abraded. The butt of the object appears complete and measures 16mm in width and 3mm thick.



The palstave has a bright green patina and lightly corroded and pitted surface.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-08-24T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,66,155,1,Lewis Ferrero,Lewis Ferrero,,,,,,,,,IOW-1FC294,,IOW1FC294.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lewisf/IOW1FC294.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154358.jpg
1037961,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A complete Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy unlooped palstave, dating to 1500 - 1300 BC. The blade of the palstave is broadly sub-triangular in plan with relatively straight (but with slightly expanded) sides and a expanding convex cutting edge (fantailed). In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. Directly below the stop ridge on one side is a concave depression which is divided vertically in the centre by a raised rib. The rear part of the axe, from the stop ridge to the butt, is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part behind the stop ridge, it has a central rectangular shaped septum. The object has a dark green patina. 

Length: 152 mm

Width: 64 mm

Thickness: 32.5 mm

Weight: 441 g","
Images and information kindly provided by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-17T23:00:00Z,,,,441,,,32.5,152,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Broadway,SP0737,GPS (from the finder),52.03136641,-1.8993776,LEIC-891339,,891339.jpg,BA Palstave,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/891339.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154614.jpg
1037997,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A complete copper alloy unlooped and unfinished palstave axehead of middle Bronze Age date (c.1400-1100 BC), possibl of 'South Western type'. Rowlands 'Class 3 Group 2'.



Description:  The axhead has a solidly rectilinear butt which proceeds to flare outwards to the cutting edge. There is a distinct central mid-rib on the blade. Extended raised lines on both sides of the flaring flanges adjacent to the stop appear to be casting marks, which were not removed before deposition. The butt also has a swell on one side perhaps a casting fault which was not cleaned or prepared before use/deposition. The blade itself is triangular and incomplete. The axehead is heavily patinated and pitted due to corrossion. It has a mid - dark green colouraiton with some dark brown patches and speckles.



Discussion: This palstave appears to be an example of the South Western type, which is commonly found across the South West of England in Cornwall, Devon, Somerset and Dorset. Multiple single examples have been recorded by the PAS, including DEV-01DDC5 (Shipley 2018), DEV-054D5E (Shipley 2020) and SOM-F224AB (Caswell 2019). Pearce (1983: 432-3) illustrates a number of comparable examples in her study of metalwork from the region. 



They are also comparable to those palstaves placed within Rowlands 'Class 3 Group 2' (see Rowlands 1976: pl 2 85 no.3, and p. 247). Rowlands Class 3 is characterised by a U-shaped septum profile, low triangular or slightly convex flanges, a straight sided triangular or crinoline blade and a triangular depression or ribbed motif beneath the stop-ridge (Rowlands 1976: 32-33). Group 1 and 2 within Class 3 are divided based on blade width, being 7-8cm and 5-6cm respectively. This group, having blades less than 6cm in width therefore fit in Group 2. This class is associated with Needham (1996)’s Period 5.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-17T23:00:00Z,,,,428,,,27.5,169,1,Mr David Clarke,Mr David Clarke,South East,Kent,Dover,Ash,TR3059,GPS (from the finder),51.28367611,1.29683732,PUBLIC-8AA4E8,,misc3831.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/stuff8472/misc3831.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154294.jpg
1037999,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-1000,"An incomplete but relatively well preserved fragment of a Late Bronze Age (1500-1000 cal BC) blade and part of its hilt from a rapier or dirk.



The blade projects from the hilt with a width of c.19.3mm after which its sides narrow gradullay in a straight line to c.15.9mm mm from where it ends in a transverse break which is patinated. The blade is vesica (pointed oval) shape in cross section with a sligthly flattened midrib from which it narrows more sharply to an edge that now has many chips along it.



The surviving portion of the hilt is oval in plan but its unlikely to represent its original from. It is divided from the blade by two narrow contractions.



The object has a medium green patina.



The fragment of the object is 67mm long, 19.3mm wide, and is 4.0mm thick. It weighs 26.42 grams.



Without the entirety of the blade the type of weapon must be general. It can be classed as one of Burgess and Gerloff's (1981) Group IV: Notched butt weapons with reworked butts, e.g. Nos. 898-950 (Burgess and Gerloff 1981: Plate 110) although other type II and type IV rapiers show modification to become similar to this example. These probably date slightly later than the original weapons, so a date in the later Middle Bronze Age or earlier Late Bronze Age seem feasible. Similar examples exist on the database such as. SUR-DBFD61, NMGW-4811C9 and SUR-B7F695",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-06-19T23:00:00Z,2021-06-19T23:00:00Z,,,26.42,,,4,67,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Hughenden,SU8499,From finder,51.68348835,-0.78637573,OXON-8AD684,,OXON8AD684.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON8AD684.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154297.jpg
1038077,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"Miniature copper-alloy axehead of Early Bronze Age c. 2000 BC - 1700 BC.



The object is a miniature or model flat axehead or chisel. The sides are bowed. It is trapezoidal and wedge-shaped in cross-section with a flaring cutting edge and narrowed shaft. The sides descend from the butt almost vertically then expand in a smooth curve to produce a cutting edge. 



Length: 28.54 mm; Width: 14.08 mm; Thickness: 3.81 mm; Weight: 4.97g



Diminutive axes are often associated with Roman votive offerings. However, the axe recorded here is clearly of a Bronze Age form. Miniature flat axes such as this tend to fit in the chronology at the very end of the early Bronze Age when developed axes are becoming established. It is likely that this example is dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II-III), of metalworking tradition phase IV-V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2050 - 1700 CAL. BC. Axes of this size and form are difficult to parallel, Schmidt & Burgess (1981) catalogue a number of small developed flat axes as Variant Swinton (p 67-8, nos. 375-380) but all examples are between 87mm and 92mm in length. Although this example is smaller it may have been used for a similar function. Other examples of diminutive axes can be seen in Needham (unpublished; figures 77, 82 and 91). Other examples can also be seen in Needham 1988, 'Selective deposition in the British Early Bronze Age', World Archaeology, volume 20, number 2, figure 4. These all illustrate the range in size and form of Bronze Age diminutive axes, enhancing the possibility that this object is in fact of Bronze Age date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.97,,,3.81,28.54,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,East Kirkby,TF3263,From finder,53.14779383,-0.02774891,LIN-9CD5CA,,LIN9CD5CA.jpg,LIN-9CD5CA: Bronze Age miniature axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lisabrundle/LIN9CD5CA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156346.jpg
1038455,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"A cast copper alloy fragment comprising a quarter of a late Bronze Age bun ingot. The fragment is plano-convex in section and in the form of a quarter circle, with old breaks on two perpendicular sides and the third being curved. The shape suggests an origin in a bowl furnace rather than a mould. Circa 1150 - 600 BC.",See KENT-14DDA6 for a complete example.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-10T23:00:00Z,,,,486,,,27.7,97.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Winslade,SU6549,From finder,51.23648891,-1.07033295,HAMP-DA41CE,,HAMPDA41CE.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPDA41CE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1154849.jpg
1038823,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A corroded and incomplete fragment of a small cast copper alloy dagger or dirk, 49.7mm in length, most likely dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500-1100 BC). The fragment comprises the base of the blade and the butt end, with two incomplete rivet holes. The cross section appears to be flat and lenticular without a clearly defined mid rib and there is no evident decoration.","
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.1,,,,49.7,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Downton,SU1821,From finder,50.98812319,-1.74492521,-SUR 431022.00,,SUR431022.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR431022.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155322.jpg
1039121,Finger Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-1150,"A copper alloy spiral finger ring of Bronze Age to middle Iron Age date with internal diameter of around 21mm. The hoop has a slightly lenticular cross section, 4.2mm thick, with a smoothly rounded interior and a corroded exterior surface. There is no apparent decoration.","This form of ring is known from the Bronze Age to the early Roman period, with precise dating being difficult. Prehistoric examples are however generally thicker with more turns and a patina comparable to that of other metalwork of the period, as is clearly seen with this example. Similar finds have been recorded on the PAS database (e.g. HAMP-7556B3, NARC-BBBD74 and SF-761FF6), with other examples in the Near Lewes hoard (SUSS-C5D042) and the Ockham hoard (SUR-B41DB6), both Middle Bronze Age in date.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.54,,29.5,4.2,,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Letcombe Bassett,SU3684,From finder,51.55374413,-1.48215993,HAMP-AC2BA9,,HAMPAC2BA9.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPAC2BA9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155750.jpg
1039161,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1550,"A cast copper alloy side looped and socketed spearhead dating from the Early Bronze Age period, Arreton phase,  1700 BC - 1550 BC. Only the socket and the lower part of the blade survives. There are side loops on the socket, and the recess only extends just into the blade. There is a casting flaw leaving a hole in one face of the lower blade. Most of the blade has broken off and is missing, and the break is patinated. The midrib has a lozenge shaped cross-section. The mouth of the socket may be broken too - it ends unusually close to the loops and the side curve outwards. There is also a tear in one face of the socket. One face of the spearhead is pitted except on the base of the socket, with a straight line between the two finishes, raising the question of what caused this differential patination. The spearhead is 70.0mm in length, width 29.6mm (including socket loops) thickness is 15.2mm tapering to 12.7mm at the flattened broken end. 45.3g.



The spearhead appears to fit into Davis Group 2 ""Early Socketed"" because the socket does not extend far into the blade (Davis, 2017,  Later Prehistoric Finds Group Datasheet 5). He dates these spearheads to the Arreton phase, 1700 BC - 1550 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2018-12-09T00:00:00Z,2018-12-09T00:00:00Z,,,45.3,,,15.2,70,1,Diane Gourley,Diane Gourley,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Kilburn High and Low,SE5180,From a paper map,54.21320508,-1.21947528,SWYOR-AE0947,,SWYORAE0947BronzeAgeSpearhead.jpg,SWYOR-AE0947 Bronze Age Spearhead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYORAE0947BronzeAgeSpearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1157089.jpg
1039247,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A gold, or gold-plated copper alloy penannular ring of late Bronze Age date. The ring has a&nbsp;near-circular cross section, 7.5mm thick and is&nbsp;20.5mm in diameter with a 2.4mm gap between the ends. The surface is plated as is demonstrated in several places by damage (notably on one of the ends)&nbsp;which reveals a copper alloy core within.&nbsp;There is no sign of banding in differential shades of gold, this being a common form of decoration on similar rings.

Diameter 20.5mm; thickness 7.5mm; weight 13.17g.","These types of gold or gold-on-base-metal rings and penannular rings are characteristic finds of the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC). They have been termed &#39;hair-rings&#39; and &#39;ring-money&#39; (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O&#39;Connor et al 2008), but their function remains uncertain. It is perhaps most likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange.",3,Gold,Copper alloy,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2021-09-10T00:00:00Z,,2021T729,,13.17,,20.5,7.5,,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Bradley,SU6443,,51.18265717,-1.08572338,SUR-C145ED,,SURC145ED.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURC145ED.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1155976.jpg
1039258,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"An incomplete copper alloy spearhead probably dating from the late Bronze age period. c.1150-750 BC.



Description: The upper end of the spear head survives, with a further break just below the tip which is missing.The socket is wide and continues and narrows towards the break at the tip revealing the continuing circular socket. The side wings are both extensively damaged along their edges. The surfaces have a typical green patina with a brown corrosion.



Measurements: 50.50mm long, 23.45mm wide at broken edge and14.84mm wide at tip. The rib along the edge is 2.14 thick.  The object weighs 20.3 grams.



Other late Bronze age spearheads recorded on the PAS database include: WMID-CFDA5A;  LVPL-750191 and BERK-359D1B.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-07-31T23:00:00Z,2021-08-30T23:00:00Z,,,20.3,,,,50.5,1,Liz Walker,Liz Walker,South East,West Sussex,Arun,Angmering,TQ0704,From finder,50.82566206,-0.482186,SUSS-C31CC2,,SUSSC31CC2a.jpg,Copper alloy Spearhead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSSC31CC2a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1165593.jpg
1039512,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-950,-600,"A complete but bent cast copper alloy penannular bar bracelet, dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (950 BC-600 cal BC).



The bracelet is composed of a cylindrical bar (c.5.2mm diameter) that has been curved to become a sub-oval shape in plan. It may have originally been more circular in plan. The terminals of the bar are slightly expanded (c.8.1mm diameter) and are sub-circular in section.  The bracelet is mostly a light green patina although has darker green patches near its terminal.



The bracelet is 68.1mm long, 38.5mm wide, and 8.1mm thick at the terminals. it weighs 20.64 grams



Several bracelets with expanded terminals made of gold have been recorded on the database such as BUC-26FC86, NARC-10B4B1, HAMP-5E48D1 and IOW-65AD93 argued to be Bronze Age based on excavated examples in hoards. Similar copper alloy bracelets have been found in the Late Bronze Age hoards at Auchtertyre, Morayshire (O'Connor 1980: fig 55D), St Ishmael in Camarthenshire (NMGW-47D2BB), Northumberland (NCL-9F9F92), near Lancaster (LANCUM-A5AF1B), and Stourmouth, Kent (O'Connor 1980: fig 62A) each associated with Late Bronze Age artefacts often dating to the Ewart park phase (c.950-800 cal BC sensu Needham et al 1997). Occasional fragments have also been recorded on the database from Essex (PUBLIC-9EF82E) and Buckinghamshire (BUC-FFD1F1) although some copper alloy bracelets with expanded terminals have been described as Iron Age e.g. SUR-9ABB65 which is supported by a similar example described as Iron Age but found in an unknown context from France within the British Museum's collection (ML.1966).This artefact has been found in a region with several known Bronze and Iron Age finds such that it may date to either period.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-01-01T00:00:00Z,2021-10-04T23:00:00Z,,,20.64,,,8.1,68.1,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Chinnor,SP7601,From finder,51.70260547,-0.90163307,OXON-F05906,,OXONF05906.jpg,Late Bronze Age Bracelet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXONF05906.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1157827.jpg
1039519,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"An incomplete cast copper alloy looped palstave of possible South Western type dating to the Taunton/Penard metalworking phase (c. 1400-1100 BC).



The palstave has an incomplete length of 130.3mm and a weight of 394.5g. A transverse break at the butt end of the flanges means that the butt is missing but can be assumed to have been relatively narrow- the width at the break is 23.1mm, tapering slightly from the maximum width at the flanges of 28.1mm (not including the side loop). The sides are slightly convex as far as the high point of the stop and are then straight and slightly faceted before flaring out to the expanded blade. The roughly ovoid/flame shaped flanges are relatively high, being 32.6mm at their point of maximum breadth, reaching this point above the stops. The flanges can be assumed to have been slightly higher originally, as the edges show damage. The septum is c. 5.2mm thick and somewhat concave, ending in rounded stops. The broken loop is very slight, being a maximum of only 5.3mm thick and 18.2mm long. It extends from just above to just below the stops. The blade projects seamlessly from the flanges, with the sides smoothly narrowing down from the above the stops before. The length from the stops to the middle of the blade edge is 85.7mm. The blade is decorated with a single broad, poorly defined midrib on each face which extends from the stops to the top of the blade facet. The expanded blade has an incomplete width of 57.8mm, with one of the blade tips, and some of the edge missing. The blade has a maximum thickness below the stop of 27mm and thins to 11.1mm at the blade facet. The maximum length of the blade facet is c. 14mm. Some possible sharpening striations running perpendicular to the blade edge are visible, although the corrosion and abrasion damage on this part of the palstave can make it difficult to be certain.  File marks, presumably from removing casting flashing, are visible on both sides of the blade.  A single casting flaw is visible on one face of the septum, consisting of a cavity that extends through the stop wall and into the body of the palstave.



The palstave is in relatively good condition, with the majority of the original metal surface remaining, which bears a dark green, brown and black patina. There is corrosion pitting and grazes over much of the surface, some of which expose the metallic core.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,394.5,,,32.6,130.3,1,George Whatley,George Whatley,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Avebury,SU1071,,51.43791016,-1.85752363,NMGW-F1155E,,2021331.jpg,Bronze Age Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2021331.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156354.jpg
1039530,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"A small cast copper alloy chisel or other type of wood or leather working tool, 53mm in length and potentially of Bronze Age date (c 1100-800 BC). The object is rectangular, with a lenticular side profile. Both ends taper to a thin edge; one is notably more flared than the other, suggesting it functioned as the cutting edge, the other end being likely inserted into a handle. The object is slightly irregular in shape and possibly bent and damaged with losses to the blade edge from use. The surface is pitted and has a green patina consistent with prehistoric metalwork.","Small chisels and tools of similar type were used into the Medieval period, but comparable examples on the database such as SF-3041F9, SF-81B0CD and published examples such as Pendleton (1999, fig.67, no.291) suggest a prehistoric date.



Recorded from details emailed by the finder.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-15T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,53,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Bentworth,SU6640,From finder,51.15545788,-1.05766289,HAMP-FF95EE,,HAMPFF95EE.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPFF95EE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156369.jpg
1039653,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An incomplete, copper alloy chisel of middle Bronze Age date, c.1500-1300 BC.



The central section remains with a worn transverse break across the septum just beyond the stop and a fresher transverse break 30mm along the blade. The stop is slightly curved with very worn flanges. There is a very worn shield below the stop on one side and the flanges are cast as one with the stop. The blade narrows in width from 19.08mm at the stop to 14.74mm at the lower break. The thickness narrows from 12.22mm at the stop to 9.16mm at the lower break. The surface is very worn and pitted with green and brown patches. 



Measurements: length 35.10mm, width 19.08 mm, thickness 11.80mm, weight 37.33g.



Other examples on the database include;  SF-09D1D5; NMS-56CD12 and KENT-D5F626 which notes:  similar examples are noted by Rowlands (1976: pp. 44-45, form iii, pl. 34 no. 1132), who notes that flanged chisels with shield shaped mouldings have a typological relationship with flanged axes and palstaves and are particularly concentrated in East Anglia.  Peter Reavill, FLO for Shropshire and Herefordshire comments further that ""this form of relative rare flanged (palstave-like) chisel are most probably aligned with the middle phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA II) c. 1500-1300 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-07-17T23:00:00Z,,,,37.33,,,11.8,35.1,1,Jane Clark,Timothy Locke,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Henfield,TQ2212,From finder,50.89460542,-0.26664987,SUSS-40FA73,,SUSS40FA73.jpg,fragment of a copper alloy chisel,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS40FA73.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1158659.jpg
1039951,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragmentary cast copper alloy axehead, probably a palstave or flanged axehead  of Middle Bronze Age date (c.1500-1100 BC). The fragment comprises the butt of the axehead, is sub-trapezoidal in shape and H-shaped in section. The edges expand from the butt with increasing thickness towards the break, which measures 4.6mm thick in the centre and 12.1mm thick at the larger surviving edge. The butt edge is The surface is a dark grey-green patina and measures 23.5mm long, 21.8mm wide, 12.2 thick and weighs 13.64. 



Similar objects are recorded on the PAS database e.g. NMGW-FC4B96, SWYOR-E08613, SF-23CC2B, DEV-618BF7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.64,,,12.2,23.5,1,Adelle Bricking,Adelle Bricking,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Llantwit Major,SS9867,,51.39283948,-3.46741592,NMGW-6C3EBB,,2021341.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/2021341.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1156787.jpg
1040078,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-700,"A heavily worn fragment of a cast Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head, dating to c.1300-700cal BC.



The fragment consists of the axe's blade 18.2mm above which is a worn and abraded transverse break. The blade is only slightly crescent shaped with one rounded corner, the other being lost to a chip which continues to the blade edge. The The blade is triangular in profile narrowing in thickness from the break to the blade. At the break the axe is rectangular in cross section. There are no traces of a socket at the break although this is so close that it is not possible to rule out that it comes from a socketed axe.



The fragment has thick brown green patina.



The axehead fragment is 18.2mm long from break to blade, 37.6mm wide, 7.5mm thick at its break and weighs 19.3 grams.



The fragment represents blade end of a rectangular bodied axe. This may have been a palstave axe, in which case being a narrow bladed later type, or a socketed axe. Both possibilities would date this object to the Later Bronze Age and probably Late Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-08-09T23:00:00Z,2021-08-09T23:00:00Z,,,19.3,,,7.5,18.2,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Worminghall,SP6308,From finder,51.76714266,-1.08845788,OXON-809F01,,OXON809F01.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe head fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/skyebeth/OXON809F01.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1158010.jpg
1040220,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe dating to the late Bronze Age  (1100 BC -800 BC), 43.5mm in length, comprising a corner of the socket. The profile of the socket appears subrectangular and is surrounded by a thick rim with a worn moulded collar. There is a small rounded projection from the socket rim which may be a casting flaw.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.79,,,14.3,43.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Holy Trinity,TQ0148,From finder,51.22227063,-0.5551007,SUR-957FC6,,SUR957FC6.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR957FC6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1157173.jpg
1040356,Ribbon,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,"A fragment of a strip of ribbon gold, dating to the Bronze Age c. 2200 - 800 BC. One side is covered with parallel grooves running along its length, the other is undecorated. The original width of the strip would have been 8.5mm and it is 0.5mm thick. The fragment has been folded diagonally across its width and is now triangular in shape; it is unclear whether this is intentional or simply the result of post-depositional damage. One end has been neatly cut across the width, the other is less regularly cut or torn. The cut suggests a process of re-use or recycling of the original ribbon ornament.",The style of this object with its parallel linear ridges is typical of gold strips and ribbons of known and probable Bronze Age date. Examples from excavated contexts which could lend weight to this dating include an excavated example from Oxford found with a Beaker period flint scraper and pottery (Palmer 1980). Comparable finds recently also reported under the Treasure Act include IOW-CE16C7(2020T431)  and LVPL-954858 (2020 T120).,3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2021-10-13T23:00:00Z,,2021T778,,0.62,,,1.9,13.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Worldham,SU7438,From finder,51.13649984,-0.94370312,SUR-C7CFA4,,SURC7CFA4.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURC7CFA4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1160056.jpg
1040552,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1140,"An incomplete cast copper alloy palstave of Group III (Low flanged, Broad bladed), dating to the Middle Bronze Age from the Acton Park to Penard Metalworking phases (c.1500-1140 BC). 



The palstave has an incomplete length of 125mm from butt to blade edge, and a weight of 293.1g. The butt ends in a transverse break at around the point where the flanges meet the septum, the width at this point is 21.5mm. The flanges are badly damaged and the original shape is uncertain. The septum is largely straight, with a very slight taper towards the butt, and is 5.6mm thick. The Flanges form a straight rectangular stop ridge, which projects above the maximum surviving height of the flanges (24.6mm). The palstave originally had a side loop on one side overlapping the stop ridge, now only visible as attachment scars.



The blade is fairly broad with concave edges expanding to flared tips (now damaged, one missing entirely) and a curved blade edge. A slight blade bevel is just visible, being roughly ??mm. A slight raised area running down the centre of the blade from the stop on both faces suggests that the axe had a poorly defined, now almost imperceptible midrib. No other decoration is visible. 



The palstave’s surface is pitted with green to brown patchy colouring- the original surface is missing from the entire palstave with the exception of inside the flanges and on the septum, where it has a green patina. The flanges are very badly damaged, being almost entirely gone on one side, and showing fresh bronze, presumably from recovery damage.



Dimensions: Length: 125mm; Blade width 55.9mm; Butt width: 21.5mm; Stop thickness: 29.8mm; Width at stops: 22.7mm; Flange thickness: 24.6; Weight: 293.1g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,293.1,,,29.9,125,1,George Whatley,George Whatley,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Abercynon,ST0596,,51.65473274,-3.37466779,NMGW-D83F11,,NMWPA2021381.jpg,Middle bronze age palstave Group III,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/NMWPA2021381.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1157443.jpg
1041325,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1150,"A blade fragment probably of a Bronze Age weapon, most likely a rapier dating to the Middle Bronze Age c. 1550-1150 cal BC. Only a portion of the blade remains.



The fragment is from the body of the blade. It has a hexagonal shaped cross section with wide flat faces and then bevelled blades edges which have been abraded and chipped to become rounded. It narrows slightly from one transverse break (c.16.7mm wide, to the other (c.15.2mm wide). Both breaks are worn preventing identification wether the breaks are deliberate or not. A thick dark green patina covers the majority of the fragment although it is chipped away in places revealing a green patina below.



The fragment is 29.8mm long, 16.7mm wide, 4.2mm thick and weighs 9.29 grams.



While a more recent Roman or Medieval date should not be excluded the form of this fragment is consistent with many other rapier fragments recorded by the PAS including NMGW-587A08, SUR-BCF0BA and DENO-0EAF9A",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-08-28T23:00:00Z,2021-08-28T23:00:00Z,,,9.29,,,4.2,29.8,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Waterstock,SP6405,From finder,51.74005975,-1.07452002,OXON-7DE9EB,,OXON7DE9EB.jpg,Middle Bronze Age blade fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON7DE9EB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1159465.jpg
1041682,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-600,"A fragment of a socketed axehead of later Bronze Age date. The fragment comprises the blade and front portion of the axehead, which is 30.05mm in length, with a maximum width of 38.09mm. The cross section is subrectangular, the side profile is triangular and the blade edge is curved. The rear end reveals the hollow interior of the casting. The fragment is heavily abraded and corroded and the cutting edge has been lost.","Socketed axes generally date from the Middle Bronze Age through to the Early Iron Age (c1300- 600 BC) - however the precise typological group for this example is uncertain.



Recorded from details emailed by the finder.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,52.67,,,16.06,30.05,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,Wales,Swansea,Swansea,Llanrhidian Lower,SS5190,From finder,51.58909564,-4.15222343,HAMP-E58541,,HAMPE58541.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPE58541.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1158852.jpg
1042187,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"An incomplete, narrow copper alloy blade of mid to late Bronze Age date, probably from a dirk or rapier. The blade is 72.3mm in length and broken at both ends, one of which shows signs of being bent. The blade has a lenticular cross section without any pronounced mid rib.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,26.75,,,3.8,72.3,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,South Wonston,SU4636,From finder,51.12144562,-1.34412282,HAMP-39BCFB,,HAMP39BCFB.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP39BCFB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1159251.jpg
1042312,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"A possible fragment of a bronze plano-convex ingot or ""cake"". A sub-triangular fragment of copper alloy. The edges and surfaces are worn and irregular apart from one which has a fresher, more angular break. One face has a low, wide ridge and on the other there is a rough-surfaced depression near the broken edge. 

Date: Probably Late Bronze Age - c. 1150 - 600 BC

Dimensions: 35.36 mm x 32.83 mm x 10.80 mm

Weight: 32.91 g



Kindly Identified by Peter Reavill.



Some examples of plano-convex ingot can be seen in records NMS-67D9E3, SOM-C304F9, SUR-0E8478 and NLM-C11C1B and there are many more on the PAS database.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,32.91,,,10.8,35.57,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Dewlish,SY7799,From finder,50.79010717,-2.32766491,DOR-51A7BB,,DOR51A7BB.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead (possibly),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR51A7BB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1160032.jpg
1042506,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1150,"A copper alloy fragment of a Middle Bronze Age rapier, dating from 1550 BC - 1150 BC. The fragment is from near the top of the blade, including part of the trapezoid hilt, but not enough survives to be able to classify it precisely. The blade flares at the top, but has near parallel edges at the narrow end. The blade has a central arris on both faces, making the blade a pointed oval in cross section, and there is a facet along the cutting edge on both sides. The facet is 4mm wide. The fragment is broken at both ends and the breaks are patinated. The object has a dark brown patina which is smooth but with some small circular pits. The surface is slightly reflective in places. Length 84.3mm; width at widest point 39.1mm; thickness 4.9mm and weight 51.93g.



Compare the near complete rapier SWYOR-7A4C37 and see also the PAS guide to Bronze Age artefacts: https://finds.org.uk/guides/bronzeage/objects/rapiers-and-dirks",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-14T23:00:00Z,2019-10-14T23:00:00Z,,,51.93,,,4.9,84.3,1,Amy Downes,Joan Tozer,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,West Lindsey,Owersby,TF0595,From a paper map,53.44132354,-0.42070298,SWYOR-8FB0B6,,SWYOR8FB0B6BronzeAgeDagger.jpg,SWYOR-8FB0B6 Bronze Age Dagger,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR8FB0B6BronzeAgeDagger.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1161329.jpg
1042815,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-850,"An incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged chisel, dating to c 1150 - 850 BC. It is missing any handle. It is cast in one piece but can be described in two sections. It has a square-sectioned tang which abuts the rectangular-sectioned, collared handle stop of the chisel blade. At the other end is the chisel blade beyond the tang. At the point of the tang, the blade narrows in thickness to the blade's outer edge. The sides of the blade extend from the handle stop, more or less parallel with one another before flaring out a little towards the outer edge which is now also rounded. 



Dimensions: overall 106.7mm in length; 19.4mm in width (the stop bar); 72 g in weight. The blade is 61mm in length, 17.3mm in width; the shaft 45mm in length, 14.7mm in width.



Tanged chisels, which date from c. 1150-850 BC, are known from several hoards and as isolated finds; complete examples from such contexts are uncommon. 



See BERK-4008DB for similar on the PAS database.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,72,,,,106.7,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,,,,,,,,,WILT-943448,,WILT943448.jpg,WILT-943448,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILT943448.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1179016.jpg
1042900,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date. The form corresponds to Davis’ (2012) Group 6 (Developed side-looped) and is most probably a product of the later Arreton, Acton Park, Taunton or early Wilburton metalworking phases (Needham’s (1996) Periods 4-5, c 1500-1100 BC). The remaining portion is 74.5mm in length, with a socket of 15.8mm diameter which is completely infilled with sediment. The blade was leaf shaped and 20mm in width with a pronounced mid rib; only the rear quarter to a third remains, with a clean break across the width. There are two small and narrow flanking side loops around half way along the tapering conical socket, one of which has a casting flaw behind it in the form of a hole. No trace of any material the shaft was found in the socket during conservation.","
Additional images on this record show the find after museum conservation.
",4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,33.91,,,15.8,74.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Monxton,SU3145,From finder,51.20337617,-1.55766402,HAMP-A65276,,HAMPA65276.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPA65276.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1160061.jpg
1043239,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A slender copper alloy flat developed axehead or possibly a chisel, dating to the Early Bronze Age, c. 2000-1700 BC. 



The object is markedly petite, rectangular in shape, and an extremely flattened pointed oval in section, not bulbous enough to be described as lenticular. The object flares very slightly from the butt to the cutting edge, but this is extremely subtle and not characteristic of broad flared axeheads. There are slightly raised flanges present, but these are only present on one surface, and can only be felt rather than seen. There is a suggestion of a slight nick at the butt but it is otherwise complete. The surface is pitted and a mixture of typical green patinisation, soil staining in the pits, and flecks of the original high shine surface. 



The object's slender size implies it could potentially be a deliberately manufactured miniature object, with parallels including SWYOR-6E7AE7, which references the similar HAMP-710DC5, and presents a nuanced discussion of the designation of these objects as chisels, axeheads, or miniature objects. NLM-E45686, recorded as a chisel, is a potentially close parallel, although that record (in spite of the diminutive size of the object) denies that these artefacts are likely of Bronze Age date and suggests a broader range. This may be due to the lack of a tang, typical of Bronze Age chisel forms. Delicate, rather than miniature, flanged axeheads are discussed at length in the record for HESH-FBF348, but this example is distinctly truncated in comparison. For this example, a designation as Flat Axehead is considered to be most appropriate. 



Measurements: 64.9mm length, 25.1mm width (at cutting edge), 18.2mm width (at butt), 10.7mm thickness, weight 78.52g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-04-30T23:00:00Z,2021-08-06T23:00:00Z,,,78.52,,,10.7,64.9,1,Lucy Shipley,Lucy Shipley,,Devon,East Devon,Lympstone,SX9984,From finder,50.64690195,-3.4299035,DEV-D0FFF1,,DEVD0FFF1.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lshipley2018/DEVD0FFF1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1161128.jpg
1043291,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1001,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy socketed spearhead dating to the Early to Middle Bronze Age c.2350-1001 BC. 



The lower portion of the socket and loop, and tip are missing. The blade is broadly elongated lozenge-shaped with a prominent midrib. On both sides of the midrib, running longitudinally are several grooves and marks. The socket cross-section is circular. Probably of Davis (2017) Group 6 'Developed side looped'. 



Length: 52.19 mm; Width: 23.72 mm; Thickness: 11.54 mm; Weight: 25.52g



David, R. 2017. Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.5. A Short Guide to Early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25.52,,,11.54,52.19,1,Lisa Brundle,Lisa Brundle,,,,,,,,,LIN-D28A75,,LIND28A75.jpg,SPEARHEAD,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/LIND28A75.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1166111.jpg
1043295,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"A Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave axehead of Transitional or Late type, dating to the Penard or Wilburton phase (MBA III to LBA I; 1100 - 900 BC).



Description: The butt end has rounded is rounded. The flanges begin about a third of the way along the butt's length. The cleft between the flanges is raltively smother perhaps from use. There is a significant casting fault in one side of the butt, rectangular in shape. The casting seem is visible along the sides of the axehead, though some effort to reduce it appears to have taken place. The stop is pronounced and overhangs a little which accentuates the wasting effect of the blade's flare. The stop has right-angled corners with the flanges. The loop is on one side which arcs over the position on the stop. The blade is long, thin and narrow and extends extensively before flaring out at the blade end. there is a slight ridge down the centre of each wide face of the blade.



The axehead is has a heaivly modttled patination. Within the flanges it has a dark grey-green patination, towards the butt end and along the flanges it has a much lighter green-white corrosion cause by wear and corrosion. The blade end is a medium mid green colour. There are some areas of historic damage across the blade indicated by their patination.



Total Measurements: 157mm long, 39.27mm wide at the loop (26.20mm wide at stop-ridge without loop, 43.92mm wide at blade edge and 500g in weight



Blade 93.6mm long, 43.89mm wide.



Loop: 32.03mm long, 13.07mm high, 9.08mm thick.



Butt: 61.46mm long, 24.91mm wide, 32.644mm thick.



Discussion:  Burgess and Schmidt, which despite being focused on metalwork from Northern Britain has a similar types illustrated, specifically the Transitional Palstaves of Roundhay mid ribbed variety. Catalogue number 890 from Aikbrae and no 899 from Haydon Bridge are particularly close examples.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,500,,,39.27,157,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Sevenoaks,Seal,TQ5756,GPS (from the finder),51.28151032,0.24976047,KENT-D2ADD1,,KENTD2ADD1.jpg,looped palstaves,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTD2ADD1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1160370.jpg
1043422,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1600,"An incomplete copper alloy EBA III developed or long flanged axehead dating to 1800-1500 BC and attributable to the  Arreton or Acton Park I industries, possibly being of Aylesford type (1800-1600 BC) . The remaining portion is 52.7mm in length and probably comprises around 60% of the whole tool. The axehead is cast in a two part mould and is broken across the upper part of the blade. The section is sub rectangular with a proto stop ridge / median bevel at the wide part and tapers after the mid-point object to a thin rounded butt end. The external edges have a slight hammer raised flange and are slightly bevelled. The front part of the axehead has broken away, but the sides suggest that it would have flared outwards in width at this point.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-10-22T23:00:00Z,,,,32.56,,,7.1,52.7,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Sutton Veny,ST8941,From finder,51.16813536,-2.15870792,SUR-E3F099,,SURE3F099.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURE3F099.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1160505.jpg
1043754,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of the tip of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead, probably of pegged type, 38mm in length and dating to the Late Bronze Age (c.1100 BC to 800 BC). The object is triangular in shape and lozengiform in cross section with a large circular midrib and short side wings to the blade. The interior of the casting is hollow.","
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.5,,,7.5,38,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Alderbury,SU1925,From finder,51.02405976,-1.73047008,HAMP-27E1A2,,HAMP27E1A2.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP27E1A2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1160717.jpg
1043762,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1600,A small and extremely corroded cast copper alloy flat axehead or possibly a chisel or other tool of early to middle Bronze Age date (c 2000-1600 BC). The object is 57mm in length and 19mm wide with a flat rectangular cross section and lenticular side profile. It tapers towards the butt end and has a curved cutting edge; however the degree of loss from corrosion makes the original form and type uncertain.,"
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,34.3,,,5,57,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Alderbury,SU1926,From finder,51.03305185,-1.73041798,HAMP-284CFA,,HAMP284CFA.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP284CFA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1160723.jpg
1043817,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of copper alloy socketed axehead. A small piece from the side and butt, having an angled corner on the exterior surface . Around the remnant of the mouth is a moulded low, wide collar. The internal surface is curved and smooth.

Date: Late Bronze Age - c. 1100 - 800 BC

Dimensions: 36.43 mm x 24.35 mm x 5.56 mm

Weight: 19.34 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.34,,,5.56,39.43,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Stalbridge,ST7117,From finder,50.95169649,-2.41421701,DOR-383D76,,DOR383D76.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR383D76.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1167745.jpg
1043829,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1350,-1150,"A complete cast copper alloy palstave axehead. The axehead has high side flanges which are rounded rectangular in profile stepped at the stop ridges. The tops of the flanges on both sides are tall and the same height as the stop ridge. The flanges taper to the rear ans do not extend into the butt. The stop ridges are rounded at the top, and curved. On one side the stop is undercut with a ‘blowhole’ like casting flaw. The butt of the axe head is the most corroded part, but it appears to taper into a straight edge. On one side, cast on the midline of the flange and with the lower attachment point ibeyond the stop ridge, is a low-arched side loop with a sub-circular aperture in line with the stop ridge. The broad blade is a triangular wedge-shape; it flares from below the stop and terminates in a wide, crescent-shaped cutting edge. The front and rear faces of the blade have a low midrib extending centrally from below the stop ridge to about three quarters of the way down the blade; it is more visible on one side than the other due to surface corrosion. There are traces of the casting lines along both sides from the flanges and down the sides of the blade which have been trimmed and hammered flat when the axe was prepared for use. The object has not been cleaned and there are still areas with soil adhereing.

Date: Middle Bronze Age c. 1350 - 1150 BC

Dimensions: 155.2 mm x 57.7 mm x 30.7 mm

Weight: 474 g

 



Ed Caswell has kindly commented that this can be classed a a transitional type in the typologies of both Rowlands (1976) and Schmidt & Burgess (1981). Peter Reavill gave the suggested date range.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,474,,,30.7,155.2,1,Edward Caswell,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Stalbridge,ST7117,From finder,50.95169649,-2.41421701,DOR-38EB77,,DOR38EB77.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR38EB77.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1167761.jpg
1043879,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-900,-800,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, point only, finely cast with the socket extending into the blade and containing blackened remains of burnt clay. Fine ribs flank the tapering central rib of the socket on both faces. The edges are very subtly faceted on both faces. Very similar to NMS-D636B5. c. 9th century BC.



Extant length: 42.7mm. Extant width 17.8mm: Thickness at break: 9.1mm. Weight: 11.2g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-31T23:00:00Z,2020-01-15T00:00:00Z,,,11.2,,,9.1,42.7,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Corpusty,TG1130,From finder,52.82620106,1.13039875,NMS-3A784C,,PFd_63997_3A784C_INDJB31012020AW_BA_Spearhead.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age spearhead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_63997_3A784C_INDJB31012020AW_BA_Spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1165538.jpg
1043972,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axe head of indeterminate type and of Late Bronze Age date, probably of the Ewart Park metalworking phase (c. 1000-800BC). The axe is incomplete, missing large parts of the mouth moulding, the side loop, the entire blade edge, and any potential blade tips. This lack of key diagnostic features makes it hard to place this axe into a typology, but it shows similarities to the South Eastern Type.

The mouth moulding is a simple raised band c. 10mm wide in its surviving areas. The mouth is 28.2mm thick at the mouth moulding and 33.3mm wide, with internal dimensions of 24.65mm wide and 19.8mm wide. Most of the mouth moulding has delaminated from the metallic core and is lost, so the external measurements are incomplete. This loss of material makes the external profile of the mouth hard to judge, but seems to have been angular, potentially sub rectangular. The internal mouth profile is uneven and somewhat rectangular. Both faces are undecorated and smooth.

The loop sprang from the bottom of the mouth moulding, and had a length of c. 19mm, now only surviving as indistinct attachment scars. The sides of the axe are very slightly concave, and can be seen to start to expand just before the sides end at the break where the blade has detached. The width at the point of the break is 31mm. A surviving core of the blade, including the original surface of one face, projects below this point but gives little clue to the blade&rsquo;s original form or dimensions, being largely a metallic core covered in powdery blue copper alloy corrosion. Both of the sides have prominent casting seams/flashings running from the mouth moulding to the break.

The axe retains most of its original surface, which has an uneven green to brown patina. The broken areas are covered by active baby blue powdery copper alloy corrosion. 

While this axe is difficult to firmly place as a South Eastern type axe, it certainly shows typological affinities to examples such as No. 1300 in Schmidt &amp; Burgess (1981). Mark Lodwick comments: South Eastern type axes are often associated with the Carp&#39;s Tongue complex of North West France (Schmidt &amp; Burgess, 1981, p 217), which heavily influences hoard composition in Lowland England. The type is also well represented throughout Britain and is present in the Llantwit tradition of south east Wales, represented within the eponymous hoard and elsewhere.

Length: 68mm

Width: 33.3

Thickness: 28.2mm at collar, 24mm below

Mouth dimensions: Width: 24.65mm Depth: 19.8mm

Blade expansion maximum: 31mm 

Weight: 94.11g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,94.11,,,28.2,68,1,,George Whatley,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Llanharry,ST0182,,51.52820247,-3.42851665,NMGW-42CFE1,,2021511.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe south eastern type (probably),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/2021511.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1160971.jpg
1044031,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MODERN,-2350,2000,"Unidentified cast copper-alloy object of uncertain date. It is a solid and heavy bar with four long narrow faces, one of which is divided into two gently sloping facets by a central longitudinal ridge, which may be a casting seam. The end faces and the cross-sectional form are pentagonal, but nearly square: the three unfaceted sides are at approximately right-angles to each other and of similar widths. All faces and facets are generally flat (even the sloping ones). Both ends of the bar splay slightly on all sides, suggesting that they may have been subject to a compressive hammering force.



One of the two sloping facets is raised a little higher than its counterpart. That is to say it slopes directly from the ridge, whereas the latter steps down a fraction of a millimetre before sloping away. This is most obvious at the centre of the ridge; the difference in level gradually diminishes towards the ends until it is imperceptible, perhaps because of the hammering. The higher facet is additionally distinguished from the other facet and all the other faces in that its surface is completely covered in fine grooves, which appear to be file-marks. It also has a single oblique ridge running across it, not centrally, which looks like another casting seam. The file marks on the shorter side of the oblique ridge are finer and equally oblique. Those on the long side are coarser and transverse. Close inspection of the file marks reveals the coarser ones to be composed of two rows of opposed and interspersing long and narrow triangular ridges, with a zig-zag groove running between them. The finer marks are continuous (unbroken from side to side) and near parallel grooves and ridges. There are further fine transverse and oblique file marks visible here and there alongside one of the long edges on the face directly opposite the ridged face.



There are some scratches on one of the other long faces that appear accidental. The patina on all surfaces is dark green. There is no evidence of any breaks.



Length: 89.2mm. Width: 23.5mm. Thickness: 20.0mm. Weight: 286g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-31T23:00:00Z,2020-01-15T00:00:00Z,,,286,,,20,89.2,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Corpusty,TG1130,From finder,52.82620106,1.13039875,NMS-50194C,,PFd_63997_50194C_INDJB31012020AW_U_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,Unidentified object of unknown date,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_63997_50194C_INDJB31012020AW_U_UnidentifiedObject.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1165539.jpg
1044182,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-850,"A complete copper-alloy Awl of probable late Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC). The awl is square in cross section along most of its length, and tapers to a rounded point at one terminal. At the other terminal it flattens to become rectangular, before ending in a chisel-shaped terminal. 



Length: 57.84mm, Width: 4.52mm, Thickness: 4.14mm, Weight: 4.0g



The metal is dark green in colour with a slightly pitted patina. 



Cf. OXON-C4D536 on the database which states: Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). Awls are generally considered to be Later Bronze Age in date (c.1600-800 cal BC) however, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4,,,4.14,57.84,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Leamington Hastings,SP4566,From finder,52.29029874,-1.34166722,NARC-643B92,,NARC643B92.jpg,NARC-643B92 : Awl : Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC643B92.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1161265.jpg
1044186,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier, of Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC). The object is rectangular in plan and ovate in cross section due to a central mid-rib. It is incomplete due to an abraded transverse break, resulting in the loss of the upper portion of the object. The retained portion is the tip and partial body of the blade. The cutting edges have been extensively broken and abraded.



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a slightly pitted patina.



Length: 133.38mm, Width (blade): 22.99mm, Width (tip): 7.11mm, Thickness: 5.35mm, Weight: 64.8g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,64.8,,,5.35,133.38,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Creslow,SP8022,From finder,51.89082282,-0.8389255,NARC-6477EA,,NARC6477EA.jpg,NARC-6477EA : Blade : Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC6477EA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1161270.jpg
1044362,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A probable incomplete copper alloy socketed spearhead fragment with another object lodged inside. The spearhead would date to the Late Bronze Age, circa 1100-800 BC. 



The object is fragmentary and has damaged and broken upper and lower terminals. The probable spearhead has flared long edges. Extending from the broader damaged short terminal edge is a broadly rectangular piece of copper alloy. It is uncertain if this was originally part of the object or a separate object inserted into the other. The object has a moulded rib along the centre which forms shallow linear grooves either side. 



The object has a well developed brown coloured patina and worn edges that have evidence of green coloured corrosion. 



The object measures 32.5 mm in width, 31.7 mm in length which includes the rectangular protrusion, it is 6.9 mm in thickness and weighs 14.6 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.6,,,6.9,31.7,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Newbold Pacey,SP3057,From finder,52.21040891,-1.56237298,WMID-782AF5,,WMID782AF5.jpg,"unidentified object (front, reverse, and underside)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMID782AF5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1161465.jpg
1044769,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1600,1500,"A copper-alloy Bronze Age to Medieval copper-alloy awl 1250 BC-AD 1500. The find consists of four straight sides, each one plain, and rectangular in section. Its midpoint is bulbous and the awl tapers inwards terminating in rounded points at each end. Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age and they have barely changed throughout the centuries. 



Length: 53.6mm   width: 4.0mm   weight: 4.40g



Similar examples on the PAS database include: SF-5623C1, NARC-643B92.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.4,,,,53.6,1,Sophie Hawke,Sophie Hawke,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Wimborne St. Giles,SU0118,From finder,50.96142355,-1.98713386,WILT-BCA442,,WILTBCA442.jpg,WILT-BCA442,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILTBCA442.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172418.jpg
1044808,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl of potential late Bronze Age date, 56.4mm in length. Around 40% of the length of the object is square in cross section, the remainder is of rounded cross section. Both ends taper to points. There is no decoration.",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.23,,,3.6,56.4,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Overton,SU5150,From finder,51.24690047,-1.27070479,SUR-CB591E,,SURCB591E.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURCB591E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1161990.jpg
1044955,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"A near complete leaf shaped spearhead of Late Bronze Age date (Ewart Park phase, c. 950 - 750 BC). The spearhead is 90% complete; an irregular tear is present along the mid-rib socket between the two blades. The overall shape of the spearhead is broadly leaf shaped, with a 'flame shaped' blade. Two circular peg holes are present, one on either side of the socket. These have an internal diameter of 6.1 mm. The base of the socket is circular and has a depth of 123.7 mm. Blade facets are visible along the edge of the blades on the undamaged side. The spearhead is a dark brown to mid green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion has caused the original surface to flake away in a few areas, these are dark green in colour. This type of spearhead is consistent with that of the Ewart park phase and a parallel can be found in the Shropshire Marches VII hoard. It is consistent with dating between 950 BC and 750 BC.



It measures 162 mm in length, a maximum width of 39.3 mm. The socket has an external diameter of 24.6 mm and an internal diameter of 19.7 mm. The walls of the socket are 2.3 mm thick. It weighs 122.1 g.",The 3D model has been generated using mobile phone scanning application Qlone.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-07-03T23:00:00Z,2021-07-03T23:00:00Z,,,122.1,,,24.6,162,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Essington,SK0005,From finder,52.64274116,-2.0014349,WMID-CFDA5A,,WMIDCFDA5A.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete pegged leaf shaped spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDCFDA5A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1161973.jpg
1045239,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"An incomplete copper-alloy dagger, probably of Middle Bronze Age or early Late Bronze Age date, c1500 and c1100 BC.



Description: The blade has a narrow lozenge cross-sectioned, thickening only slightly towards the hilt end. The point is missing but it appears likely to have been pointed rather than rounded. The blade is a rough narrow triangle in plan flaring slightly towards the hilt end. There is a slightly raised mid-rib along the blades length. At the hilt end are the remains of two semi-circular or rivet holes, these have broken cross their width, one side has broken more extensively than the other. This leave the hilt end as a rectangular tab below the blade. The hilt end would likely have fitted an organic holt was attached via the two now missing rivets. It has a heavily patinated surface with some copper-alloy corrosion in progress. It remains a mottled mid-light green colour.



Measurements: 68.2mm long, 22.5mm wide, 1.5mm thick (at thickest remaining) and 13g in weight.



Discussion: Due to the incomplete and worn nature of the dagger it is uncertain as to which type or metalwork phase it belongs. A number of similar copper-alloy daggers have been recorded on the PAS database: LANCUM-C6A25A, WMID-9A6CB5, DOR-065301 etc.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13,,,1.5,68.2,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Petham,TR1351,GPS (from the finder),51.21844927,1.04868362,KENT-F61549,,KENTF61549.jpg,Bronze Age Dagger,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTF61549.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1162283.jpg
1045262,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A Bronze Age fragment of a cast copper alloy axehead, possibly a palstave or flanged axehead of Middle Bronze Age date, circa 1500-1100 BC.



The fragment comprises the butt of the axehead which is trapezoidal in form. The object is slightly thicker at one end. Air bubbles from the casting process are also visible at the broken edge. The object has a mid-green coloured surface patina. 



It measures 21.7 mm in length, 11.3 mm in width, 4 mm in thickness and weighs 3.9 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.9,,,4,21.7,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Newbold Pacey,SP3057,From finder,52.21040891,-1.56237298,WMID-F733C1,,WMIDF733C1.jpg,"Bronze Age fragment of an axehead (profile, front and reverse)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMIDF733C1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1162345.jpg
1045300,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-750,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy object, possibly of middle to late bronze age date c.1500-750 BC.



Description: The object is roughly cast and survives as a narrow conical. Both ends terminate in rough breaks and the walls are veyr thick. On one side there is an overlap likely some fault in the casting or vagaries of production. It has a heavily patinated and pitted surface which obscure more detail. It remains a mottled light green to turquoise colour.



Measurements: 58.75mm long, 16.25mm in diameter at widest (13,5 at narrower end) and 35.41g in weight.



Discussion: The exact identity of this object remains uncertain due to its completeness and wear. It resembles both the socket of bronze age spears e.g. OXON-0CE8E2, SOM-71B58D etc. and ferrules dated form the bronze age to Roman period e.g. HAMP-A36D91, LANCUM-BF58B9 etc.",,4,,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,35.41,,16.25,,58.75,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Petham,TR1352,GPS (from the finder),51.22742842,1.04927733,KENT-F94C28,,KENTF94C28.jpg,uncertain possible bronze age object,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTF94C28.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1162382.jpg
1045585,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe dating to 1100to 800 BC. This items of a fragment of the socket (20% of the aperture) and the side containing the low oval loop. The front a rear face of the axe are truncated as is the forward blade.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-03-31T23:00:00Z,2021-06-30T23:00:00Z,,,25.04,,,15,39,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,South Gloucestershire,South Gloucestershire,Sodbury,ST7381,From finder,51.52726026,-2.39059213,GLO-4C987C,,GLO4C987C.JPG,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO4C987C.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1162884.jpg
1045806,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper-alloy Awl of probable late Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC). The awl is square in cross section along most of its length, and tapers to a rounded point at one terminal. At the other terminal it flattens to become rectangular, before ending in a chisel-shaped terminal.



Length: 65.07mm, Width: 5.69mm, Thickness: 5.00mm, Weight: 7.0g



The metal is dark brown in colour with a predominantly smooth patina.



Cf. OXON-C4D536 on the database which states: Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). Awls are generally considered to be Later Bronze Age in date (c.1600-800 cal BC) however, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7,,,5,65.07,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Eaton Bray,SP9820,From finder,51.86997649,-0.57801354,NARC-6437BE,,NARC6437BE.jpg,NARC-6437BE : Awl : Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC6437BE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1162956.jpg
1045813,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier, of Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC). The object is rectangular in plan and a pointed oval in cross section. There is visible bevel along the left and right hand edges away from the mid-rib.



The metal is a dark brown in colour with a predominantly patina.



Length: 27.25mm, Width: 26.06mm, Thickness: 7.01mm, Weight: 20.8g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.8,,,7.01,27.25,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,Eastern,Central Bedfordshire,Central Bedfordshire,Eaton Bray,SP9820,From finder,51.86997649,-0.57801354,NARC-645475,,NARC645475.jpg,NARC-645475 : Blade : Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC645475.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1162963.jpg
1045836,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete copper alloy flat axe dating to the early Bronze Age period (c. 2350-2050 BC). The object is sub-trinagular in plan and lentoid in section. The cutting end flares out but is damaged at the tips. The cutting edge is much worn and chipped. The opposing end is thin-butted and also shows signs of chipping. The object has a light green patina. The surface is abraded and there are a few deep scratches on both faces, probably from plough damage. 



Comparable examples can be seen in Nicholson (1980: 81) nos 177-8. 



The overall dimensions are as follows: 101.80mm in length,  43.59mm in width,  6.07mm in thickness and 88.81g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-07T23:00:00Z,,,,88.81,,,6.07,101.8,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Clifton upon Teme,SO7063,GPS (from the finder),52.26433676,-2.44099825,WAW-64F227,,WAW64F227.jpg,A Bronze Age Flat Axe,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WAW64F227.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1169826.jpg
1046470,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A complete cast copper alloy awl or tracer. The awl has two distinct elements: A circular sectioned, cone-shaped end Awl) and and a flat, wedge-shaped, rectangular cross sectioned end (tracer).

Date: Late Bronze - c. 1150 - 800 BC

Dimensions: 52.58 mm x 7.04 mm x 4.76 mm

Weight: 5.66 g



There are several similar objects recorded on the PAS database. For example DOR-AD7774, DOR-79E277, SOM-D995B1, SOM-7C6ED1 and SOM-990775 in which Laura Burnett notes: Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but ones of this form are known to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.66,,,4.76,52.58,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Sydling St. Nicholas,SY6399,From finder,50.7893798,-2.52627387,DOR-E0B67A,,E0B67A.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/E0B67A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1164634.jpg
1046477,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1500,"Late Early to early Middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged palstave axe head. The flanges start at the butt and rise to form a lozenge in profile, then rejoin at a point a third of the way between the low transverse stop ridge and the point where the axehead starts to flare to the curved cutting edge.  The cutting  edge  appears mostly free from wear, the butt has some damage, with small chips. A similar form is illustrated in Rowlands, plate 26. Also Nicholson, 203.(f)



Length 121 mm,  width 30 mm, width of cutting edge 53 mm, thickness ( at flange) 36 mm.



Weight 351 g









Dates from c 1800 to c 1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,351,,,36,121,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Derbyshire,North East Derbyshire,Unstone,SK3977,Generated from computer mapping software,53.2885384,-1.41643488,DENO-E0E99E,,DENOE0E99E.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meghank/DENOE0E99E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1178857.jpg
1046510,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"A complete cast copper alloy chisle or miniature axehead of Early Bronze Age date c 1700 - 1500 BCE . The blade has a crescent cutting edge with pointed terminals,  the cutting edge is 24 mm wide. The sides are slightly flanged, creating a long elipse in profile. There is a stopping ridge in a central position. The butt is straight. The object has a mottled green and brown patina with some corrosion along the cutting edge. 



The length is 54 mm, width  11 mm , thickness 6 mm weight 22 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,22,,,6,54,1,Simon Nicholson,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Derbyshire,High Peak,,,,,,DENO-E1A3CE,,DENOE1A3CE.jpg,Bronze Age flat axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meghank/DENOE1A3CE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1179022.jpg
1046575,Anvil,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1200,"Substantial Bronze Age anvil, solid cast sub-cuboid head with an elongated sub-oval sectioned spike or beak/bec, the top of the head is gabled, one side longer than the other creating an off-centre arris with two working surfaces approximately 110 degrees from each other. All faces of the head and beak are intentionally slightly convex, one of the faces set at 90 degrees to the spike has a sub-circular rough divot in alignment to the arris on top, this is very likely to be the remains of a second beak/spike that has broken in antiquity, presumably through use. The remaining original surfaces are dark chocolate brown with the recent losses to the surface now mid-green. There are some inconsistencies with the casting on the head, mostly to the side with the missing projection, the other work surfaces are cleaned up a little after casting, but the the angled top of the head has had more attention, it is neatly finished with slight angled scratches to the surfaces from abrasion, presumably from grinding and polishing with some sort of fine-grained stone, there are at least four impressions from a fine semi-circular punch to the larger work surface of the angled head, there appears to be a much deeper punch mark of the same type just below and to one side of the missing beak.

If&nbsp;this anvil&nbsp;did have two beaks/becs initially, it would be classified as a Armbruster, B. et al (2019) Class 2 anvil. See&nbsp;NMS-15E1DC&nbsp;for a much smaller example of a broadly similar type from Norfolk, also see:&nbsp;PUBLIC-B21001&nbsp;and&nbsp;KENT-0278AC&nbsp;for other examples&nbsp;recorded with the Portable Antiquities Scheme.

The British examples &ldquo;fall into two broad groups; about half the associations are dated to the later Middle Bronze Age and half to the full Late Bronze Age.&rdquo; Ehrenberg , M.R. (1981), page 22, it is likely this example is to be dated to the earlier period, &nbsp;circa. 1,400 to 1,200 BC as the workmanship, patination and condition is consistent with many of the&nbsp;Middle Bronze Age metalwork recovered in Norfolk.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-10-31T00:00:00Z,2021-10-31T00:00:00Z,,,406,,,35.5,83,1,,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Scoulton,TF9602,,52.58047328,0.8914045,NMS-F25F04,,Image2222.jpg,,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jasongibbons/Image2222.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1190551.jpg
1046769,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1150,"A complete solid copper alloy bead dating to the middle Bronze Age (1300-1150).



The bead is circular with a bi-conical profile with a central perforation measuring 7.7mm in diameter. The surface is smooth and undecorated with a mid green patina.



Dimensions: Diameter 16.34mm; thickness 5.76mm; weight 5.33g



Similar examples of copper alloy beads recorded on the PAS database include  CAM-DD9C51 and LEIC-3641F5. A gold example from Gloucestershire, GLO-46CA05 (2014T358) has also been reported and the record by Kurt Adams comments: ""The gold bead is likely to date to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1100 BC) based on several close comparanda. The three biconical gold beads from the Burton, Wrexham, hoard are similar in form, size and weight to the Salthouse bead (PAS-5B1745; Gwilt et al. in Barton 2011). The Burton hoard comprised of several typo-chronologically distinctive artefacts (including bronze palstaves) that allow it to be dated to c.1300-1150 BC (Ibid.). The bead is also similar to those from Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire and Harlow, Essex, the former from a stratified Middle Bronze Age context (Varndell 2000, 12, no.1; 2005/6, 17, 270, no.6), and Buriton, Hampshire (HAMP-72E451).



Middle Bronze Age gold beads are a relatively rare find (Murgia et al. forthcoming) and can be contextualised with reference to the so-called 'ornament horizon(s)', which see a proliferation of bronze and gold ornaments in Southern England and Britain (respectively) during the period c.1400-1100 BC (Smith 1959; Roberts 2007).""",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.33,,16.34,5.76,,1,Heather Beeton,Heather Beeton,South East,Hampshire,Hart,Odiham,SU7250,From finder,51.24464032,-0.96988184,LVPL-09555C,,LVPL09555C.jpg,Bronze Age bead,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPL09555C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1166514.jpg
1046886,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1150,"A fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy dirk or rapier dating c. 1450-1150BC. 



The triangular fragment forms the tip of a blade. It is lozenge shaped in section with a worn central midrib on each face. The blade is slightly bent. There is a worn transverse flat break, and the edges and surfaces are also worn and abraded. The object is pale green with patches of a dark green patina. 



Measurements: length: 47.18mm; width: 14.44mm; thickness: 5.13mm and weight: 9.09g. 



Other recorded examples include: SUR-E7A00E; WMID-871F5F; SUR-1DB3FB and a complet.e example LVPL-2D3369",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.09,,,5.13,47.18,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,East Sussex,Wealden,Alfriston,TQ5102,From finder,50.79789651,0.14130419,SUSS-0E2C6A,,SUSS0E2C6A.jpg,A fragment of a copper alloy rapier or dirk,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS0E2C6A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1164230.jpg
1046910,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An almost complete copper alloy unlooped palstave axehead (Group II) of middle Bronze Age date (1500-1300 BC).



The blade of the palstave has convex expanding sides, and a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is blunt and abraded and is slightly asymmetrical. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the thickest section being at the stop ridge. Below the stop ridge descends a vertical rib that extends to the top of the edge bevel. Here the sides are slightly thickened in line with the central rib to create three ribs separated by two hollows.



The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section. The butt of the axe has been slightly damaged and is incomplete. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) on one side is damaged with incomplete flanged facets. No casting seam is evident.



The object has a mid green patina with patches of dark brown. The surface is worn and corroded.



Dimensions: Length 151mm; width 60mm; thickness 25mm; weight 360g



Early Midribbed Palstaves belongs to the Acton Park Phase II of the Middle Bronze Age, corresponding to the earlier part of Needham's (1996) Period 5, dated to 1500 - 1300BC. A similar example on the PAS is WMID-763837","
This find was recorded remotely, using images and measurements kindly provided by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-11-21T00:00:00Z,,,,360,,,25,151,1,Heather Beeton,Heather Beeton,North West,Rochdale,Rochdale,Norden,SD8312,From finder,53.60428221,-2.25838132,LVPL-1C95C0,,LVPL1C95C0.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPL1C95C0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1164210.jpg
1046981,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Two Late Bronze Age copper alloy awls, c.1000 - c.700 BC:



- incomplete, at the non-recent break the cross-section is rectangular. Beyond this it becomes round and tapers to a point. Weight 3.3g. Extant length 34.9mm. Width and thickness 4.1 and 3.8mm.



- complete, consisting of a short, round-sectioned part tapering to a pointed end and a tapering rectangular-sectioned tang. Weight 2.5g. Length 38.7mm. Width and thickness 4 and 3.8mm.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-03-31T23:00:00Z,2021-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,,2,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,East Walton,TF7516,Centred on field,52.71335905,0.58924055,NMS-200E53,,PFd_49046_200E53_SBJB102021_BA_Awl_2.jpg,Bronze Age awl (2 of 2),Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_49046_200E53_SBJB102021_BA_Awl_2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1171502.jpg
1046996,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1140,-700,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe head of Late Bronze Age date, likely dating from the Wilburton-Wallington metalworking phase to the Llyn Fawr Phase (c. 1140 to 700 BC).



The fragment consists solely of part of the blade nearest to one blade tip, one side and face of the axe, and part of the very bottom of the socket of the axe. The cutting edge of the blade is missing, but enough remains of the side and blade to see that the blade curved down from a now missing projecting blade tip. The fragment measures 24.9mm from the broken tip to the break perpendicular to the blade edge.



The base of the socket is a maximum of 17.2mm from the broken blade edge, and measures 14.9mm in length from the side to the break. A fragment of one face survives projecting 8.9mm up from the base of the socket. The face wall is 4.6mm thick, while the remaining scar from the other wall is 3mm across, although possibly incomplete. 



Only 10.6mm of one side remains, with possible flashing remaining, and a visible expansion to form the blade tip.



The extremely fragmentary nature of the object leaves too few diagnostic features to place it comfortably into a precise type, but a socketed axe like this likely dates to between Wilburton-Wallington and Llyn Fawr metalworking phases. Most socketed axes from South Wales date to the Ewart Park metalworking phase. The way in which this axe has been broken suggests intentional destruction.



The fragment has a green pitted patina with patches of bright blue corrosion.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.73,,,9.8,18.3,1,George Whatley,George Whatley,Wales,Cardiff,Cardiff,Pentyrch,ST0780,From finder,51.51124584,-3.34152218,NMGW-20CEB7,,20215231.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/20215231.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1164277.jpg
1047149,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A near complete cast copper alloy socketed spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date. The form corresponds to Davis’ (2012) Group 6 (Developed side-looped) and is most proba a product of the later Acton Park, Taunton or early Wilburton metalworking phases (Needham’s (1996) Periods 4-bly5, c 1500-1100 BC). The blade was leaf shaped and 18.7mm in width with a pronounced mid rib which extends to the socket. There is a small area of damage to one side of the blade. The socket depth is 52mm. There are two small and narrow flanking side loops around half way along the tapering conical socket.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.97,,,15.1,81.5,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Thatcham,SU5465,,51.38148889,-1.22546098,BERK-343537,,BERK3435371.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK3435371.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1174357.jpg
1047256,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Gently curved fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead. Below the external rounded thickening there is a horizontal rib moulding. The breaks are not recent. The shiny surface, especially evident on the interior, is probably the result of tin enrichment. Extant length and width 20.8 and 26.3mm. Weight 11.3g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-03-31T23:00:00Z,2021-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,11.3,,,,20.8,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,East Walton,TF7416,GPS (from the finder),52.7136812,0.574453,NMS-4A44B2,,PFd_55367_4A44B2_SBJB102021_BA_SocketedAxe.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_55367_4A44B2_SBJB102021_BA_SocketedAxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1171460.jpg
1047317,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper-alloy Late Bronze Age (c.AD1150-800) awl/chisel. The object has a square cross section in the middle and tapers on four sides towards a flat, chisel edge. The other end tapers to a flattened point with a small knop on the terminus.","Cf. OXON-C4D536 on the database which states: Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). Awls are generally considered to be Later Bronze Age in date (c.1600-800 cal BC) however, as a functional object the form of the awl barely changes from the Bronze Age to Medieval periods and a selection of broadly comparable awls are recorded in Ottaway and Rogers (2002).",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,,2.98,,,3.7,42.2,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Clyffe Pypard,SU0775,,51.47392064,-1.90060553,BERK-720F0D,,BERK720F0D.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK720F0D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1164922.jpg
1047575,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1350,-1100,"An incomplete fragment from a cast bronze (copper alloy) rapier or possible dirk of Middle Bronze Age II date (1350 to 1100), Taunton/Perand phase.



The fragment consists of part of the upper blade, just below the hilt. it is sub rectangular in shape. It has a lentoid cross section and is slightly bent in cross section. The blade edges are incomplete. The blade edges are 2.0 mm thick.



It measures 84.9 mm in length, 20.5 mm wide and 4.1 mm thick. It weighs 24.5 g.



The fragment is a mid to dark green colour with an even surface patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,24.5,,,4.1,84.9,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Shenstone,SK0900,From finder,52.59771982,-1.86856132,WMID-871F5F,,WMID871F5F.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete rapier or dirk,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID871F5F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1164648.jpg
1047625,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy (bronze) knife or dirk, dating from the Early Bronze Age III (1800 to 1500 BC, Arreton phase) to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1300 to 1150 BC).



Two joining fragments of a knife or dirk. The knife or dirk would have been triangular in shape. Traces of rivet holes are present at the top of the top fragment. A median rib is present on both fragments. Blade facets are present along the edge but the original edges have been damaged. The middle section has been decorated by stippling. The break between the fragments is patinated, indicating that it was broken prior to deposition.



The upper fragment measures 50.1 mm in length, 34.4 mm wide and 4.2 mm thick. The blade edges are 2.2 mm thick. It weighs 25.3 g. 

The lower fragment measures 70.3 mm in length, 23.6 mm wide and 5.1 mm thick. The blade edges are 2.0 mm thick. The point is 6.7 mm wide. It weighs 25.1 g.

Together they weigh 50.4 g.



Both fragments are a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-18T23:00:00Z,2021-09-18T23:00:00Z,,,50.4,,,,,2,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Newcastle-under-Lyme,Loggerheads,SJ7437,From finder,52.92976981,-2.38822964,WMID-891FAC,,WMID891FAC_combined.jpg,Early to Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete knife or dirk,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID891FAC_combined.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1164696.jpg
1047639,Anvil,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,2350,1800,"A copper-alloy probable miniature anvil of uncertain date, probably dating between the Bronze Age and the early-modern period (c. 2350&nbsp;BC&nbsp;-&nbsp;AD&nbsp;1800). It consists of a rectangular body.&nbsp;The is a triangular projection from&nbsp;one short edge and a triangular projection from one long edge.

The object has a dark green coloured patina covering all surfaces.
This object may have been used for very fine metalwork.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.76,,,7.4,32.1,1,,Philip Smither,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Winterbourne,SU4472,,51.44528752,-1.36827422,BERK-8A4D0D,,BERK8A4D0D.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK8A4D0D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1173814.jpg
1047688,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A Bronze Age? copper-alloy awl, dating to c. 1150 - 800 BC. The object is square in cross section along half of its length, and at the mid-point tapers to a circular cross-sectioned and point at one terminal. At the other terminal it flattens to become rectangular in cross-section, before ending in a chisel-shaped terminal. The surface is undecorated. 

Length: 55.37 mm

Thickness: 8.20 mm

Weight: 11.64 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.64,,,8.2,55.37,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Hoby with Rotherby,SK6719,GPS (from the finder),52.76445475,-1.00849584,LEIC-9B9FA8,,9B9FA8.jpg,Awl,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/9B9FA8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1164799.jpg
1047773,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2350 BC to c. 2050 BC).



The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in shape with an incomplete rounded shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with tapering edges. The butt is relatively thin having a narrow rounded profile; the width at the butt is 11.9 mm (thickness: 2.0 mm). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively straight. The axe is thickest at the mid point (6.0 mm), with no sign of a proto stop ridge. The sides of the blade expand to produce a rounded blade edge with an abraded width of 21.1 mm (thickness 2.5 mm).



It measures 46.5 mm in length, maximum width at the blade is 21.1 mm, width at the butt is 11.9 mm and it has a maximum thickness of 6.0 mm. It weighs 23.5 grams.



The axe is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge).



These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.



Reference:



Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140



Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck'Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.5,,,6,46.5,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Hyde Lea,SJ8920,From finder,52.77747086,-2.16450728,WMID-9FFC87,,WMID9FFC87.jpg,Early Bronze Age: Incomplete flat axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID9FFC87.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1164842.jpg
1048149,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete Middle Bronze unlooped palstave axehead dating to c. 1500-1150 cal BC. It is missing the majority of its blade to an abraded transverse break placed 14mm below the stopridge.



The butt of the axe is c.20.2mm wide, c.3.9mm thick and has a diagonal edge that is straight but worn.  The septum measures c.66.9mm in length and is mostly consistent in thickness along its length narrowing very slightly at the stop ridge due to two small casting flaws on each side. The flanges of this axe begin 11mm after the butt and widen in a slightly convex curve reaching their tallest point (c.26mm) 9mm before the stop ridge from which they are a consistent height. The stop ridge is a very shallow crescent shape.



The blade extends 14mm beyond the stop ridge before ending in an abraded break over which distance it is straight sided. It is thinner than the stop ridge being c.9.9mm thick creating a slight ledge marked by a concave curve. It narrows slightly along its length. The flanges continue along the outside edges of the axe creating two raised borders (flange extensions) which flank a pronounced a central raised midrib.



 Shallow but clear casting seams can be seen running along the middle of the axe down its length.



The axe has a dark orange brown patina that has been chipped in a few spots revealing light green colour underneath. There are some concreted iron pan deposits around the septum suggesting it was, at some point placed within waterlogged conditions.



The palstave is 89.7mm long, 25.5mm wide, 26mm thick if including the flanges and weighs 181 grams



The characteristic features of this palstave are the relatively straight stop ridge (rather than curved), convex and then stepped flanges which begin after the butt and which rise higher than the the stop ridge, and raised flange continuations flanking a midrib decorating the blade. The lack of a blade shape prevents a certain identification however these features are all shared by Primary phase palstaves of the Oxford type examples of which are illustrated by Schmidt and Burgess (1981: pl.58 Nos 788-799). Rowlands (1976, no. pl.29) which he categorises as his class 2 which he places in the Middle bronze Age c. 1500-1150 cal BC .This is supported by a near identical example from a Middle Bronze Age ornament hoard (BERK-4DC8D6)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-10-23T23:00:00Z,2021-10-23T23:00:00Z,,,181,,,26,89.7,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Fencott and Murcott,SP5815,From finder,51.8306122,-1.15973638,OXON-042599,,OXON042599.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Palstave fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON042599.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1165785.jpg
1048284,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-800,"A cast copper alloy fragment probably from a Bronze Age spearhead, dating from 1700 BC - 800 BC. The fragment is the tip of the spearhead. It is lentoid in section, with a slight ridge running down each face and seems very worn. From the tip it is 25mm long until it ends in a rounded and patinated break. It has a dark green patina. The tip is 25mm long, 11.9mm wide and 6.4mm thick. It weighs 5g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-08-31T23:00:00Z,2021-09-28T23:00:00Z,,,5,,,6.4,25,1,Chris Scriven,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Norton,SE5415,From finder,53.62875337,-1.18493388,SWYOR-0A90B6,,SWYOR0A90B6BronzeAgeSpearhead.jpg,SWYOR-0A90B6 Bronze Age Spear head,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR0A90B6BronzeAgeSpearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1167230.jpg
1048409,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"An incomplete copper alloy chisel or possible miniature axehead dating to the Early Bronze Age (c. 2000BC -1700 BC). The object is trapezoidal in plan and wedge-shaped in cross-section with a flaring cutting edge and narrowed shaft. The sides descend from the butt almost vertically then fan out in a smooth curve to form the, now chipped, cutting edge. 



For a comparable example see PAS record LIN-9CD5CA. According to Brundle (2021) 'diminutive axes are often associated with Roman votive offerings. However, the axe recorded here is clearly of a Bronze Age form. Miniature flat axes such as this tend to fit in the chronology at the very end of the early Bronze Age when developed axes are becoming established. It is likely that this example is dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II-III)', 



The object measures 42mm in length and weighs 7g. 



Reference:



Brundle, L (2021) LIN-9CD5CA: A BRONZE AGE MINIATURE OBJECT Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/1038077 [Accessed: Dec 22, 2021 5:40:48 PM]","
Photographs and dimensions kindly supplied by the finder via email. 
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7,,,,42,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Upton Snodsbury,SO9454,Centred on parish,52.18421423,-2.08917464,WAW-353C3E,,MiniaxeKDavis.jpg,A Bronze Age Miniature Object,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/MiniaxeKDavis.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1165692.jpg
1048926,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-950,-750,"A cast copper-alloy socketed axehead fragment, dating from the Late Bronze Age to early Iron Age,(c. 950-750 BC).



The surviving element consists of the cutting edge which is crescentic, and sharply flaring. The surviving fragment has a hollow centre, representing the beginning of a socket. The front and rear surfaces of the axe are slightly concave with multiple sub-oval indentations and there are raised casting seams remaining along each side.  The blade edge is worn, and the tips irregular through use.  while the breaks on the body are also old and worn. The exterior surfaces of the axehead have a mid-green patina. 



Not enough of the artefact is extant in order to determine further typological designation, but socketed axes generally date from the Middle to Late Bronze Age through to the Early Iron Age (circa BC 1300-BC 800). It is possibly of Southern Eastern type, which date c. 900-600 BC. 



Measurements: length: 53.61mm; width at blade: 55.65mm; thickness at break: 16.75mm and weight. 130g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,130,,,16.75,53.61,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,East Sussex,Lewes,Rodmell,TQ4104,From finder,50.81838786,0.00026856,SUSS-6DBB85,,SUSS6DBB85.jpg,socketed axe fragment,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS6DBB85.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1166300.jpg
1048945,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1150,800,"A complete copper-alloy Awl of probable late Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC). The awl is square in cross section along most of its length, and tapers to a rounded point at one terminal. At the other terminal it flattens to become rectangular, before ending in a chisel-shaped terminal. The surface is undecorated and has a dark green patina with small patches of bright green colouring.



Measurements: Length, 57.45mm; Width, 5.92mm; Thickness, 5.48; Weight, 6.79g",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-03-03T00:00:00Z,2021-03-03T00:00:00Z,,,6.79,,,5.48,57.45,1,Tasha Fullbrook,Tasha Fullbrook,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Gweek,SW7026,From finder,50.08948628,-5.21680296,CORN-6E38D9,,CORN6E38D9BAawl.jpg,Bronze age awl,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tashamfullbrook/CORN6E38D9BAawl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1166631.jpg
1048956,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy Bronze Age blade fragment from a spear or dagger. The fragment is broadly rectangular in shape and lentoid in cross-section, with gradually tapering sides. The long edges are worn and uneven, being damaged in several places. The breaks at each end are old, worn and patinated, suggesting they occurred in antiquity. Both faces of the blade have etched decoration along the long edges in the form of four or five linear grooves. The area of the blade between this decoration is undecorated and plain in appearance.



The blade fragment is very worn and abraded. The surfaces are pitted and rough, with some lamination in places.



The patina is mid-green in colour and evenly distributed, with small sparse patches of mid-brown across the surfaces.



The blade fragment measures 33.08mm in length, a maximum of 20.94mm in width and a maximum of 5.56mm in thickness. It weighs 14.70 grams.



Peter Reavill, Finds Liaison Officer for Shropshire, suggests that the blade is most likely the tip of a Late Bronze Age (c. 1100-800 BC) spearhead decorated with grooves, or possibly, based on the decoration, a fragment from an earlier object - such as an arreton / Snowshill dagger of the Early Bronze Age III (c. 1600-1400 BC), though these are very rare and thus more unlikely (e.g. HAMP-C13678).","The finder reports that this was found within a few feet of BH-C4785A, which may or may not be related.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-01T23:00:00Z,2021-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,14.7,,,5.56,33.08,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,Dacorum,"Bovingdon, Flaunden and Chipperfield",TL0206,GPS (from the finder),51.7434283,-0.5240518,BH-6F439A,,BH6F439A.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age cblade fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH6F439A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1166378.jpg
1049254,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy fragment from an uncertain socketed object, probably of Late Bronze Age date (c. 1150-750 BC). The fragment is broadly trapezoidal in plan with four unevenly worn edges. The upper edge is relatively straight and has a worn notch of damage towards one end. The adjacent edge has a short triangular recess and a long edge that extends outwards to the lower pointed corner. The opposite short edge has three unevenly spaced semi-circular recesses. The lower edge, meanwhile, is rounded and curves inwards before the break. An integral flange extending along approximately three quarters of this inside edge is broadly sub-triangular in cross-section and expands from what is otherwise the uneven sub-rectangular-sectioned wall.



None of the external or interior surfaces are decorated and all have uneven light green, light brown and dark brown patination.



The fragment measures 31.6mm in length, 23.5mm in width, a minimum of 3.3mm in thickness and a maximum of 9.3mm in thickness. The entire object weighs 15.56 grams.","The finder reports that this was found within a few feet of BH-6F439A, which may or may not be related.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-01T23:00:00Z,2021-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,15.56,,,9.3,31.6,1,Matthew Fittock,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,Dacorum,"Bovingdon, Flaunden and Chipperfield",TL0206,GPS (from the finder),51.7434283,-0.5240518,BH-C4785A,,UnidentifiedObject.jpg,Late Bronze Age (probably) object of uncertain function,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/UnidentifiedObject.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1166781.jpg
1049375,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"Bronze Age spearhead: The spearhead is fragmentary with the tip remaining and probably dates from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 cal BC. The fragment is triangular in plan, tapering to the spear's point which remains sharp. It has an oval midrib that is solid and runs to the point of the spear as it tapers in width and depth. From the midrib the blade extends, with each side forming an elongated triangle. The fragment has a shiny dark brown patina. The break at the lower edge is not too recent.



The fragment measures 59mm long, 20.06mm wide, 9.89mm thick and weighs 18.80 grams.



Not enough of the spearhead has remained to be able to date this fragment to a more precise range.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-02-11T00:00:00Z,2021-12-07T00:00:00Z,,,18.8,,,9.89,59,1,Angie Bolton,Angie Bolton,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Kingston Bagpuize with Southmoor,SU3995,From finder,51.65244492,-1.43767284,OXON-D6BA74,,OXOND6BA74.jpg,"Bronze Age spearhead fragment (plan, reverse and section).",Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ambolton/OXOND6BA74.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1166900.jpg
1049761,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1500,"A copper alloy long flanged palstave axe dating to the late Early to early Middle Bronze Age.  The front of the axe mounts that blade which has a curved forward edge that is bevelled on both sides and lead the main portion of the blade, here a low central spine on both sides runs from the bevel to the low stop ridge that is positioned in the centre of the axe.  Large flagged sides project perpendicular to either side of the body of the axe, each side as a convex profile that runs from the butt of the implement to just below the base of the cutting edge.  



This is likely to be of Arreton or early Acton Park metalworking phase, perhaps dating to 1800 - 1600 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-04-30T23:00:00Z,2021-09-04T23:00:00Z,,,487,,,30,165,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Cotswold,Kempsford,SU1497,From finder,51.67160067,-1.79895087,GLO-F40587,,GLOF40587.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOF40587.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1167344.jpg
1049860,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy blade from a mid to late Bronze Age spear, or possibly a rapier or sword, comprising the pointed tip, which is&nbsp;18mm in length, triangular in shape with a lenticular cross section and has a pronounced midrib. The sides are&nbsp;faceted and the blade is&nbsp;slightly bent along its length.&nbsp;",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-11-25T00:00:00Z,,,,3.07,,,5.1,18.3,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Amport,SU2844,,51.19453879,-1.60068092,SUR-02D331,,SUR02D331.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR02D331.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1167612.jpg
1049993,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1150,"A fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy dirk or rapier dating to c. 1450-1150BC. The fragment comprises the tip which is triangular, 39.5mm in length and has a lenticular cross section 4.1mm thick with a pronounced rounded midrib.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-09T00:00:00Z,,,,5.95,,,4.1,39.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Medstead,SU6435,From finder,51.11073024,-1.08714299,HAMP-16A314,,HAMP16A314.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP16A314.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1167576.jpg
1050167,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragmentary cast copper alloy axehead, probably a developed flat axe or palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (c.1500-1100 BC). The fragment comprises the narrow butt of the axehead, which is sub-rectangular in plan (overall length 32.6mm) and sub-triangular in profile that thins to the edge of the butt. The sides are straight and only slightly divergent (width at butt is 17.1mm, width at break is 20mm). The object is convex across the thickness beginning c.10mm from the butt edge and increasing gradually, reaching the maximum thickness (8.7mm at the edges, 6.2mm at the centre between the flanges) at the break (which occurred in old damage). The butt is narrow and thin with a surviving thickness of c.0.7mm. The surface is a dark green patina mottled with patches of bright green corrosion and weighs 20.44g.

The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification difficult. The gradual flange suggests the fragment is likely a developed flat axe rather than a palstave, which have a more dramatic flange at the butt.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.44,,,8.7,32.6,1,,Adelle Bricking,Wales,Bridgend,Bridgend,Porthcawl,SS8279,,51.49758573,-3.70128439,NMGW-57466B,,202233.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/202233.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1171188.jpg
1050524,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1800,"An extremely corroded triangular cast copper alloy object, 117mm in length, possibly a flat axehead of early Bronze Age date. The object has moderately concave sides and flares from a width of 6mm at the butt to 56mm at the blade. The side profile lacks a lenticular profile and the cross section appears entirely flat; this may be due to the extensive corrosion loss which has also removed any blade edges and sides. A stop bevel may be present, this has again been corroded to the extent where it is difficult to see.



Cf. Needham's (2017) Class 4 B (Type Aylesford), Period 2-3, circa 2200-1800 BC.","
A surface find made by a walker.



Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Other chance find,2022-01-02T00:00:00Z,,,,233,,,10,117,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Whitehill,SU7835,From finder,51.10899867,-0.88719082,HAMP-7E5437,,HAMP7E5437a.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP7E5437a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1168100.jpg
1050752,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,400,"An incomplete copper alloy tanged awl, punch or engraving tool, 60.2mm in length and probably of Bronze Age to Roman date. It has a sharp pointed tip and a worn break at the opposite end at a stepped base of a missing sub-rectangular tang. The pointed section is hexagonal in profile, with six distinct flat faces and tapers from 7.46mm to 1.8mm at the point.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-12-01T00:00:00Z,,,,8.46,,7.46,,60.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Chirton,SU0757,From finder,51.31207156,-1.90095468,-SUR 948719.00,,SUR948719.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR948719.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1168301.jpg
1050816,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1150,800,"A Bronze Age? copper-alloy awl, dating to c. 1150 - 800 BC. The object is square in cross section along half of its length, and at the mid-point tapers to a circular cross-sectioned and point at one terminal. At the other terminal it flattens to become rectangular in cross-section, before ending in a chisel-shaped terminal. The surface is undecorated.



Length: 60.4 mm

Width: 6.9 mm

Thickness: 7.1 mm

Weight: 12.14 g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-30T23:00:00Z,,,,12.14,,,7.1,60.4,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Bucklebury,SU5471,GPS (from the finder),51.43543359,-1.22454932,BERK-977049,,BERK977049.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK977049.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172185.jpg
1051152,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1400,"An incomplete cast copper alloy side-looped spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date. Probably of Davis’ (2012) Group 5 A (Wide Blade) of the Acton Park metalworking phase (1550-1400 BC).



At its mouth, the socket has a diameter of 2mm and an aperture diameter of 17.4mm, as well as an aperture depth greater than 43mm (the very end of the shaft aperture is still filled by soil to an unknown depth). Both side loops are present but damaged, sited 14.4mm to 12.7mm above the socket mouth, measuring 17.2mm long by 6.4mm wide and 17.7mm long by 5.6mm wide respectively. The shape of the loop plates is altered by damage and may originally have been oval or lozenge shaped. The loops are cast in line with the blade, and casting flashing is visible between the socket mouth, the loops and the blade. Much of the flashing appears to have been removed by hammering or possibly filing. Two small (one <0.5mm, the other c. 0.8mm) holes are present in each flashing line 12.7-11.9mm below the blade base respectively. The smaller hole enters the socket at an oblique angle and is partially covered by flashing. The size and positioning make it likely that these holes are chaplet holes, remnants of the casting process. 



The socket tapers into the blade until at c.26.5mm above the bade base becomes a lozenge sectioned midrib that continues as far as the tip. Damage to the blade edges has made it hard to ascertain the blade shape, which is best described as transitional between leaf and flame shaped. It has a blade length of 68.8mm and a 35.4mm wide PMW (Point of Maximum Width) at 32.84% up the full blade length (22.6mm from the blade base). The width of the blade as a percentage of its length is 51.45%. The blade is broad based and curves smoothly from the base to the blade edge. The single intact blade has a small concave “step” from the PMW to the blade edge, after which the blade runs straight to the tip. It is unclear if this is merely damage, or is reworking during the spears’ lifetime. The other blade edge is badly damaged, with 36mm of blade edge destroyed above the PMW and a large chunk 12.7mm long by 8.3mm deep gouged out of the blade just prior to or during recovery. The blades are flat and slightly beveled at the edges.



The identification of this spearhead as Davis’ (2012) Group 5 A (Wide Blade) is not certain, but is most likely based on general morphology, especially width of the blade being equivalent to 51.45% of blade length.



Length: 119.5mm



Width: 35.4mm



Thickness: 21mm



Weight: 75.12 g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,75.12,,,21,119.5,1,George Whatley,George Whatley,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Shirenewton,ST4892,Centred on field,51.62440269,-2.75256838,NMGW-ECDADB,,NMWPA2021311.jpg,bronze age socketed spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/NMWPA2021311.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1169756.jpg
1051366,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c.1500 BC to 800 BC).



The triangular fragment comprises the tip of the spearhead. It is lozengiform in cross section with a large circular midrib and short side wings to the blade. The tip is missing and the interior of the body forms a concave hollow which represents the end of the socket. The edges of the blade are worn and abraded and there are multiple, fine, longitudal striations down both surfaces of both wings.



Measurements: length: 41.60mm; width: 16.53mm; max. thickness of midrib: 6.04mm and weight: 7.26g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-10-18T23:00:00Z,,,,7.26,,,6.04,41.6,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,West Sussex,Adur,Coombes,TQ1806,From finder,50.84150417,-0.32543304,SUSS-027A81,,SUSS027A81.jpg,A fragment of a copper alloy socketed spearhead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS027A81.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1168862.jpg
1051692,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2300,-2050,"A fragment of an Early Bronze copper-alloy flat axehead of Needham's Class 2D & 3C, dating c. 2300 BC - 2050 cal BC.



The lower half of the axehead survives with a worn, patinated concave transverse break revealing a sub-rectangular cross-section. The axehead has trapezoidal sides and in profile, the fragment tapers to the crescentic cutting edge which is complete and very worn. The object has a heavily pitted green and mottled brown patinated surface.



Measurements: length: 47.86mm; width at cutting edge: 48.36mm; thickness at break: 9.61mm and weight: 92.41g. 



The missing butt makes the axeheads's type ambiguous. It may be a flat axe, missing only a small part of its length or a Palstave missing a large part of its blade and then the entire haft and flanges. The thinness of the blade suggests it is probably a flat axe and the relatively straight sides and only minor blade expansion best fits Needham's (1996) type 2D and 3C axeheads dating 2300-2050 cal BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,92.41,,,9.61,47.86,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Loxwood,TQ0332,From finder,51.07808907,-0.53104467,SUSS-3F14FC,,SUSS3F14FCb.jpg,A fragment of a copper-alloy flat axehead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS3F14FCb.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1170864.jpg
1051804,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A fragment of the socket from a cast copper alloy socketed axe dating to the late Bronze Age  (1100 BC -800 BC), 26.2mm in length, comprising a corner of the socket. The profile of the socket appears hexagonal. There are breaks to all sides of the fragment, so nothing from the rim or blade remains.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,8.81,,,12.2,26.2,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Bishops Waltham,SU5718,From finder,50.95861605,-1.18979509,HAMP-7C626A,,HAMP7C626A.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP7C626A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1169387.jpg
1052199,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1150,"A copper alloy blade tip fragment probably from a dirk or rapier dating to the middle Bronze Age c.1450-1150 BC.



The triangular tip of the blade remains and has a flat spine running down the centre, flanked by bevelled edges on both sides. The blade is lenticular in cross-section with a worn break and edges. It is pale green in colour, with brown patches.



Length 31.64mm; width 12.80mm; thickness: 3.26mm weight: 14.05g.



Similar examples recorded on the database include: HAMP-16A314 and SUSS-0E2C6A.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-08-21T23:00:00Z,,,,14.05,,,3.26,31.64,1,Sara Nicholl,Sara Nicholl,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Denmead,SU6612,From finder,50.90371041,-1.06275293,SUSS-A98F8E,,SUSSA98F8E.jpg,Fragment of a copper alloy dirk or rapier,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSSA98F8E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1169847.jpg
1052385,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl comprising a square- to rectangular-sectioned tang and a sub-circular-sectioned blade. Slight seam is from being hammered to shape from a rough cast ingot. Length 78.3mm. Maximum width / thickness 3.5mm. Weight 6.4g. c.1000 to c.700&nbsp;BC.

Field JBu16",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-01-01T00:00:00Z,2020-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,6.4,,,3.5,78.3,1,,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,Breckland,Weeting-with-Broomhill,TL7889,,52.46991243,0.61909653,NMS-BDAC87,,PFd_14948_BDAC87_INDSE21042020HG_BA_Awl.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_14948_BDAC87_INDSE21042020HG_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1191565.jpg
1052664,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2400,-1400,"A highly worn fragment of copper-alloy axehead, probably a flat axehead, of Early to Middle Bronze Age date about 2400 BC - 1400 BC.



The axehead survives as part of the splayed crescent blade and part of the body of the axe including one curved side where it flares to the cutting edge. The blade is very worn and only part of the cutting edge survives. In profile the fragment tapers to the cutting edge. The breaks are uneven and patinated, but not worn. The object has a heavily pitted green and mottled brown patinated surface. It is 33.8mm long, 37.1mm wide and 9.9mm thick. 37.1g.



Compare KENT-A1066C, SUR-0A7938 and SUR-E28B29. This axehead resembles those that date  from the Early to Middle Bronze Age. There is no evidence of a socket.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-10-02T23:00:00Z,2021-10-02T23:00:00Z,,,37.1,,,9.9,33.8,1,Amy Downes,Amy Downes,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Burghwallis,SE5212,From finder,53.60199322,-1.21567268,SWYOR-FBFE8D,,SWYORFBFE8DBronzeAgeFlatAxeHead.jpg,SWYOR-FBFE8D Bronze Age Flat Axe Head,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYORFBFE8DBronzeAgeFlatAxeHead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1170802.jpg
1052806,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead, with the lower part of the socket and all of the cutting edge missing below a non-recent break. A casting seam runs the full length of the sides from the almost circular mouth over a double collar to the break&nbsp;(that on one side over the side loop as well). All four corners below the lower collar are chamfered so that the cross-section is octagonal. Each chamfer, running between two&nbsp;ribs, narrows and curves outwards as it descends. At the break there is a strong difference in the thickness of the metal, between 2mm on one side and 4.5mm on the other. In quite fresh condition with a few thin patches of grey chalky soil adhering. Weight 135g. Extant length 77mm. Width at loop 40.7mm. Thickness at mouth 33.8mm. c.1000 - c.700&nbsp;BC.

Field WE3",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-03-01T00:00:00Z,2020-03-31T00:00:00Z,,,135,,,33.8,77,1,,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,Breckland,Weeting-with-Broomhill,TL7789,,52.47023726,0.60439104,NMS-1097CC,,PFd_37699_1097CC_INDSE21042020HG_BA_SocketedAxe.jpg,Incomplete Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_37699_1097CC_INDSE21042020HG_BA_SocketedAxe.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1191582.jpg
1053108,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1500,1150,"An incomplete small axehead or a large chisel dated to the&nbsp;Middle BA 1500-1150

If&nbsp;an axe then it could be either a short flanged axehead or more likely a palstave.&nbsp;If it were a chisel then Middle - Late BA 1500-750. Looking at the blade - it seems more axe like and it has wear from being used and sharpened - one blade tip is lower than the other - the casting seams on the edges have also been hammered flat and finished - suggesting that this was an object that had a life prior to being broken. Patina&nbsp;would suggest damage prior to deposition. The&nbsp;orange on the metalwork suggests that the environment could well be seasonally wet - or it is from pasture that has a developed iron pan.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,154.1,,,18.4,52.2,1,,Philip Smither,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Shotteswell,SP4045,,52.10189599,-1.41744108,BERK-2925DD,,BERK2925DD.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK2925DD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1171796.jpg
1053168,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1600,800,"A broken blade fragment probably of a Bronze Age weapon, most likely a rapier dating to the Middle Bronze Age c. 1600-800 cal BC. Only a portion of the blade remains.



The large fragment is from the body of the blade. It has a hexagonal shaped cross section with wide flat faces and then bevelled blades edges which have been abraded and chipped. A thick dark green patina covers the majority of the fragment although it is chipped away in places revealing a green patina below. The small fragment is the tip of the blade. It is also abraded, chipped and rounded at the end.



While a more recent Roman or Medieval date should not be excluded the form of this fragment is consistent with many other rapier fragments recorded by the PAS including NMGW-587A08, SUR-BCF0BA and DENO-0EAF9



Part 1



Length: 24.6 mm

Width: 19.2 mm

Thickness: 2.5 mm

Weight: 4.84 g



Part 2:



Length: 11.2mm

Width: 16.4 mm

Thickness: 1.5 mm

Weight: 1.08 g",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-10-24T23:00:00Z,,,,5.92,,,2.5,24.6,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,West Hagbourne,SU5292,GPS (from the finder),51.62442395,-1.25022451,BERK-394E39,,BERK394E39.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK394E39.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1171770.jpg
1053687,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An incomplete copper alloy miniature palstave axehead of probable Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1500-1300 cal BC, Acton Park). It is most similar to a primary shield type and the form is similar on both faces of the axehead. The rounded butt is incomplete with one side more rounded the other indicating an area of loss. It widens to form the septum (23mm at widest point). The flanges are high (c.10mm) and rise steeply from part away (approx. 8.5mm) along the septum before terminating at a prominent stop ridge (19.6mm wide, 21mm thick). From the abrupt slope stop the blade narrows slightly (18.5mm) before broadening outwards to the blade tip (32.9mm), and then turns downwards and curves to form the blade which has a rounded cutting edge. The sides of the flanges are plain and without evidence for side loops. The whole surface is corroded and much of the original surface is missing, but it is possible to see the remains of a shield beneath the stop ridge. The top of one flange is torn with a portion pushed inwards and a small area of loss, most likely caused by plough damage.



This is a rare item with only one other comparable find recorded in the PAS database (WMID-EFD2EE). Both examples have clear stop ridges, visible cutting edges, and no evidence for side loops. Other miniature palstaves recorded with the PAS are of different form or material including BERK-602025, HAMP-0FD867 (copper alloy side loop) and SUR-1C249A (lead side loop). This latter is recorded as an Iron Age or Roman item, which accords with the likely date of the many miniature socketed axeheads recorded with the PAS. For an extensive discussion and typology of these miniature socketed axeheads please see Bliss 2020. For this find, the precision of the form and the condition of the metal suggests it is of Bronze Age date rather than a later imitation, which accords with the tentative dating of WMID-EFD2EE. These miniature palstaves merit further research to identify their likely date and use.  



Length: 95.6mm



Length (haft): 40.7mm



Width (blade, widest point) 32.8mm



Width (at stop ridge): 19.6mm



Thickness (at stop ridge): 21.3mm



Height of stop ridge (c.7mm)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-11-13T00:00:00Z,,,,116,,,,95.6,1,Jenny Durrant,Jenny Durrant,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Brixton Deverill,ST8936,From finder,51.12317548,-2.15855356,HAMP-A34F4A,,HAMPA34F4A.jpg,Miniature palstave Middle Bronze Age (probably),Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jdurrant/HAMPA34F4A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1171539.jpg
1054283,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy tanged dagger or knife dating to the middle to late Bronze Age (c.1300-900 BC).





The object is comprised of a sub-rectangular tang (28mm long) with notched terminal and single circular rivet hole (6mm in diameter) placed in the centre. The base of the tang widens producing sloped shoulders that have a width of 22mm which then narrow to form the blade. The blade has bevelled edges, creating a lentoid cross-section, that taper to the tip which is now rounded bat would probably have has a finer point in antiquity.  



That artefact is now bent in the middle at about an 80 degree angle. It is unlikely that this could have happened post-deposition or as a result of agricultural machine activity, but rather could be a deliberate act of deforming this object at deposition. 





Dr Dot Boughton has commented that Burgess and Gerloff include a blade of similar shape and size in their Group II (Damaged Blades Modified for Rehafting), p. 36ff. Its their no. 248 from Marston Trussel, Northamptonshire which is c. 12.6cm long and 2.1cm wide. It is described as ""Tanged blade, either a knife made in this form or possibly a dirk with butt cut down for rehafting, in which case the torn rivet hole would have been secondary; rather won brown green surfaces with some patches of bright green corrosion; edges worn and chipped."" Plate 32, no 248.





Similar examples on the PAS database include LVPL-0B2D08; DUR-F9F5D4; DOR-FAC625 and BERK-302CB3",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-08-31T23:00:00Z,2021-09-04T23:00:00Z,,,18.04,,,3,96,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Upton Grey,SU7049,From finder,51.23589838,-0.99872505,GLO-E429BE,,GLOE429BE.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLOE429BE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172163.jpg
1054374,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A copper alloy palstave axe that has a wide curved blade. The ends of the blade extend either side of the axe, curving sharply behind to the main body of the object. The stop ridge is positioned halfway down the length of the axe, to the front is a small transverse recessed panel with the central raised ridge; behind the stop ridge the sides are raised with a deep convex panel that extends to the rear of the axe which has a convex terminal. 





Middle Bronze Age 1500 BC – 1150","
Recorded from images emailed by the finder
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-08-31T23:00:00Z,2021-12-31T00:00:00Z,,,,,,22,85,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Clapton-in-Gordano,ST4673,From finder,51.45339309,-2.77853564,GLO-E7AD91,,IMG_1232.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/IMG_1232.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172269.jpg
1054399,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1900,100,"Corroded and worn copper alloy axehead-shaped object. Sub-triangular in plan with the corners of the widest end radiused to a curve, with the opposite end terminating in a sharp point. The mid-section of the sides are symmetrically chamfered. Two thirds of the way towards the pointed end, on one face only, is a blind circular hole. It is unclear if this is by design or a defect from the casting process. The form is very reminiscent of a miniature un-hafted axehead coping an early Bronze Age flat axe. However, the sharp point, chamfered sides and rounded coroners at the blade end are atypical, but the cross-section is classically lenticular for an axehead and the degree of corrosion and patination are commensurate with an early date. Miniature axeheads similar to this object can be seen at NARC-B0797B and YORYM-F02231 on the PAS database. However, on account of the aforementioned atypical features the identity is not conclusive. For example if the sharp end of this object was a worn break it could have originally continued to a loop and perhaps functioned as a hanger in a harness pendant. There is scant evidence for being more definitive.  Diminutive axeheads are often assigned a Roman date, but those copying earlier Bronze Age types are also thought by some scholars to be of their own period.  



A record of a miniature axehead that also has a Bronze Age form (see ESS-819206), when contrasting them with diminutive axeheads found in the Roman period, concludes a preference for the BA type having a ritual use in the Bronze Age, and mentions that other examples of diminutive axes ""can also be seen in Needham (unpublished; figures 77, 82 and 91). Other examples can also be seen in Needham 1988, 'Selective deposition in the British Early Bronze Age', World Archaeology, volume 20, number 2, figure 4. These all illustrate the range in size and form of Bronze Age diminutive axes, enhancing the possibility that these objects are in fact of Bronze Age date."" :



On the tentative assumption that this object is a miniature axehead a date range of Circa 1900BC-AD100 is suggested, to encompass both schools of thought.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-03-01T00:00:00Z,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,5.21,,,3.1,40.2,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Runcton Holme,TF6408,,52.64494856,0.42258164,NMS-F76975,,PFd_56023_F76975_INDTH03022022GC.JPG,Probable miniature axehead of Bronze age to Roman date,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/norfolkarcher1/PFd_56023_F76975_INDTH03022022GC.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172316.jpg
1054652,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy sword blade of Late Bronze Age date c. 1000-800 BC.



A short section of blade survives with a broad, convex-surfaced mid-rib on either face, flanked by a pair of vertical grooves. Either side of the mid-rib the bladed thickness gradually tapers towards each cutting edge. Both cutting edges are worn and incomplete and the breaks are worn and abraded. 



Measurements: length:17.45mm, width: 33.73mm, Thickness: 7.12mm, and weight: 13.12 g



This is probably a fragment from a 'Carp's tongue' type sword and probably dates to between c. 1000 and c. 800 BC (Ewart Park Metalwork phase, Needham's Period 7 (Metalworking stage XII)).



Other similar examples include: BERK-CCF74B; ESS-3BF240 and BH-9CC7C7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-11-27T00:00:00Z,,,,13.12,,,7.12,17.45,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Alderbury,SU1825,From finder,51.02409174,-1.74472808,SUSS-3BDB92,,SUSS3BDB92.jpg,a fragment of a 'carps tongue' type sword,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS3BDB92.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172583.jpg
1054656,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1125,"A blade fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy dirk or rapier dating c. 1550 – 1125 BC.



A short section of blade survives with a lentoid cross-section. The blade edges are worn and abraded. The surface is dark brown in colour with a mid-green core. 



Measurements: length: 37.04mm; width: 21.41mm to 14.77mm; thickness: 6.04mm to 4.82mm and weight: 15.09g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-12-02T00:00:00Z,,,,15.09,,,6.04,37.04,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Oving,SU8904,From finder,50.82870559,-0.73767642,SUSS-3C3520,,SUSS3C3520.jpg,"A blade fragment of a sword, dirk or rapier",Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS3C3520.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172592.jpg
1054836,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-2500,-43,"
An unidentified copper-alloy fragment, probably of Bronze Age date. The fragment is undiagnostic but the patina suggests a pre-historic date. The object is curved on both sides and is concave on one face. One side has a slot along the length.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-06-11T23:00:00Z,,,Spring Detectival 2021,14.53,,,6.9,33.4,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Fawley,SU7684,GPS (from the finder),51.5497819,-0.9053166,BERK-5FE817,,BERK5FE817.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK5FE817.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172935.jpg
1054844,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A fragment of a cast copper-alloy rapier of Bronze Age date.



Description: The blade in broadly sub-triangular in plan, narrowing gradually along its length to a curved tip, the base being a diagonal break. In cross-section, the fragment is a pointed oval shape. However, the blade has a central edge running down its middle on both surfaces such that it is also broadly lozenge in shape. The object has a dark green glossy patina and is very pitted. The blade's edges have numerous chips along their length, although it is not possible to tell whether this is from use or post-depositional damage. 



Measurements: The fragment is 40.7mm long, 13.2mm wide, 4.3mm thick and weighs 9.19g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.19,,,4.3,40.7,1,Lori Rogerson,Lori Rogerson,South East,Kent,Swale,Hernhill,TR0660,From finder,51.30183492,0.95377075,KENT-609481,,KENT609481.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lrogerson/KENT609481.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172832.jpg
1054869,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-800,1800,"Two pieces of Slag, Clinker or other similar industrial by-product of uncertain date (800 BC - AD 1800). The objects are rough and irregular, with bubbles and cavities, and high density. The objects are a brown/green colour with obvious metallic particles.



Length: 43.49mm, Width: 38.46mm, Thickness: 31.46mm, Weight: 90.5g



Length: 41.57mm, Width: 25.04mm, Thickness: 21.85mm, Weight: 35.9g",,4,Other,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,,,,,35.9,,,21.85,41.59,2,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Brigstock,SP9386,From finder,52.46403343,-0.63254901,NARC-6153D4,,NARC6153D4.jpg,NARC-6153D4 : Slag : Uncertain,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC6153D4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172852.jpg
1054871,Metal Working Debris,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-800,1800,"An amorphic piece of copper alloy Slag of Clinker or other similar industrial by-product of uncertain date (800 BC - AD 1800). The object is irregular and bi-convex with bubbles and cavities, and high density. The object is dark grey in colour. 



Length: 34.56mm, Width: 31.22mm, Thickness: 12.40mm, Weight: 22.0g",,4,Other,,Returned to finder,Fieldwalking,,,,,22,,,12.4,34.56,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Brigstock,SP9386,From finder,52.46403343,-0.63254901,NARC-616BE2,,NARC616BE2.jpg,NARC-616BE2 : Slag : Uncertain,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC616BE2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172854.jpg
1054874,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1700,"A complete cast copper alloy long flanged axehead (developed flat axe) dating from the final phase of the Early to the earliest Middle Bronze Age (c. 2000 - 1700 BC). The axehead is most probably of the axe type Arreton which is dated to Early Bronze Age III, of metalworking stage V, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 3 circa 2000 - 1700 CAL BC.



The object has straight sides, a worn butt end and a flared cutting edge with concave shoulders. The cutting edge is broad and crescentic in plan and measures 38.36mm in width. The very edge is worn and incomplete in places The axe has low raised flanges on both faces. The object has a dark brown patina with patches of bright green and light brown corrosion.



Dimensions: Length 85.03mm; width 19.18mm; thickness 10.06mm; weight 83.51g



The axehead is best described as coming from the Arreton type of long-flanged developed flat axes (cf Burgess and Schmidt: Axes of Northern Britain pp 65 - 75 specifically 415, 422 and 425). Burgess and Schmidt suggest from their study that the distribution of this Arreton type concentrates in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Their work though only looks directly at the axes of Scotland and Northern England.



Similar examples have been found at Margam, Port Talbot (Savory 1980, No. 122) and Breach Farm, Vale of Glamorgan (Savory 1980, No. 338) associated with a cremation burial recently radiocarbon dated to c.1750 - 1600 BC. A similar example which can be found on the database is NMGW-FDBB88.



Schmidt and Burgess (1981, p.59) trace the development of the flat axe in Britain and Ireland. They identify the trend, ""...from broad, simple, triangular forms with splaying sides and flat, even slightly convex, unembellished faces, to increasingly narrow forms, with ever-straighter sides that diverge less and less, approaching and even attaining, the parallel sided form typical of flanged axes. The trend is towards slightly dished faces, the edges of the faces are worked up into slight flanges, and a median bevel is an increasingly common feature. Decoration...becomes a commonplace..."".",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-11-20T00:00:00Z,,,,83.51,,,10.06,85.03,1,Heather Beeton,Heather Beeton,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Derbyshire Dales,Offcote and Underwood,SK2047,GPS (from the finder),53.01992747,-1.7033043,LVPL-617DA6,,LVPL617DA6.jpg,Bronze Age flanged axehead,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPL617DA6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1173748.jpg
1054894,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1050,-950,"A very worn and incomplete cast copper alloy palstave axehead with possible side loop of middle to late Bronze Age date from the period c.1050-950 BC.



The blade of the palstave is sub-oval or tongue shaped in plan. The cutting edge measures 26.39mm in width and is 5.2mm thick. The cutting edge is blunt and damaged. In profile the blade is sub-rectangular and narrow slightly before the stop ridge. Below the stop ridge where ribs might be expected is no visible decoration. The surface of the opposite face is 'clean' and shows no indications of decoration.



The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section. The butt of the axe has been damaged and is incomplete. The butt end measures 21.46mm in width and is 3.4mm thick. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) measures 45.56mm in length. For one face the septum is prominent with a wide flange. The opposit face has a flat septum and no flange. The flanges may have been misscast or more likely have been lost due to abrasion. It is unclear if a side loop is present due to extreme wear and corrosion.



The object has a light green patina and has arough and pitted surface.



patches of a dark brown surface but most of the axe has a mid-green patina that is roughly abraded and pitted.



Dimensions: Length 109.11mm; width 24.68mm; thickness 13.99m; weight 163.22g



This object is similar to the Type Nettleham axeheads illustrated in Scmidt and Burgess, (1981), plate 67, no 902, espeically if undecorated, which fits with Wilburton and Penard assemblages of the Middle and Late Bronze Age and fits with Needham Period 5-6 Metalworking Assemblage X, dating it to the period BC 1050 - BC 950. Marking a transition between palstaves and socketed axeheads.



Similar examples on the PAS database include: LVPL-AB829B and WMID-306462",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-07-10T23:00:00Z,,,,163.22,,,13.99,109.11,1,Heather Beeton,Heather Beeton,Yorkshire and the Humber,Wakefield,Wakefield,Knottingley,SE5122,GPS (from the finder),53.69196497,-1.22914592,LVPL-61E1DF,,LVPL61E1DF.jpg,Bronze Age plastave,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPL61E1DF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1173741.jpg
1054901,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"A cast copper alloy socketed axe fragment of indeterminate type, probably of Wiburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries and of Bronze Age date (c.1150-600 BC). The axe is represented by a blade fragment only with surviving dimensions of 27.7mm long, &nbsp;max 54mm wide and 12.3mm thick and weighs 62.82g. The top of the fragment has traces of the base socket, broken in old damage. The blade faces are flat across the width and gradually convergent with no traces of ribbing surviving. The remaining portion of the surviving side of the blade is flat, creating a sub-rectangular section at the break. The blade gently flares to the slightly curved edge, which is damaged and missing its original surface.

The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification indeterminate. The presence of a socket base indicates a Late Bronze Age date for the axe,&nbsp;c. 1150 &ndash; 600BC, probably of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. The fragment is comparatively heavy, possibly suggesting a leaded bronze, consistent with late Bronze Age and particularly Ewart Park metalwork.

The object is a light green mottled patina with areas of bronze corrosion particularly on/near the blade edge and the break. Similar objects are recorded on the PAS database e.g. NMGW-ED6A68, NMGW-C52206, NMGW-C4D532",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,62.82,,,12.3,27.7,1,,Adelle Bricking,Wales,Powys,Powys,Llanfihangel Cwmdu with Bwlch and Cathedine,SO1520,,51.8720712,-3.23603059,NMGW-61EC65,,202298.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/202298.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172960.jpg
1054902,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"An incomplete cast copper alloy blade, probably a knife or razor of Late Bronze Age date. The cutting edge of the blade is very slightly concave in plan with rounded ends that slope from a slightly convex top edge. The overall length is 69.2mm and max width is 25.4mm. An irrelgular long notch (11.8mm long by 3.5mm thick) along the top edge may be the point at which a tang or hafted handle had attached, but is now missing in old damage. The notch is off-centre measuring 32.2mm from one end, 39.2mm from the other. (A similar notch is seen on NMGW-B18276). The blade is thickest at the centre (5.3mm thick) and thins to the edges, except at the irregular notch. The opposite face is mostly flat with a slight taper towards the cutting edge and a few striations run along the blade, possibly from sharpening. 



The object weighs 30.06g and the metal is smooth with a mid-green patina. Patches of black possible tenorite coating preserves the top edge. The reverse has some spots of bright green bronze corrosion. 



A similar razor is recorded on the PAS database, NMGW-B18276, which was also found in Caerwent and also treated with a black coating with a similar notch at the top edge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.06,,,,69.2,1,Adelle Bricking,Adelle Bricking,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Caerwent,ST4793,,51.63329965,-2.7671643,NMGW-61F02D,,202299.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/202299.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1173425.jpg
1054938,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete cast copper-alloy tanged chisel of the Late Bronze Age period c.1000-800 BC.



The chisel is in good condition and appears undamaged, with evidence for use wear on the blade edge. The chisel has a tapering rectangular-sectioned tang (50.17mm long), which abuts the collared handle stop. The oval collar measures 12.55 mm x 9.65mm. From the collar the chisel blade, which is broadly triangular in plan, flattens in cross-section and flares in width to a thin, crescentic cutting edge 31.08 mm wide. The blade sides are slightly concave. The cutting edge is 27.5 mm wide. The object is in very good condition and has a dark brown patina across much of its surface.



Measurements: length: 82.39 mm; width of tang: 8.85 mm to 3.50mm; thickness of tang: 6.95mm to 2.05mm and weight: 27.28g.



Tanged chisels, which date from c. 1000-800 BC, are known from several hoards and as isolated finds; complete examples from such contexts are uncommon. They are one of the more commonly found woodworking or leatherworking tools alongside awls and knives (Boughton 2021:66). Other recorded examples include: BERK-4008DB; IOW-C0BF8E; and  IOW-8EDC79.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,27.28,,,9.65,82.39,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Oving,SU8904,From finder,50.82870559,-0.73767642,SUSS-64CC9C,,SUSS64CC9C.jpg,A copper-alloy tanged and collared chisel,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS64CC9C.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1172924.jpg
1054972,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a copper alloy Palstave axehead dating to Middle Bronze Age dating (1500-1150 BC).



The palstave butt end fragment consists of the butt end. It has a rectangular septum and straight-sided flanges for hafting. The flanges are triangular in profile. The object has a dark green coloured surface patina. 



The fragment measures 29.3 mm in length, 24.9 mm in width and 15 mm thick on the flanges and weighs 25 grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,25,,,15,29.3,1,Victoria Allnatt,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Stratford-on-Avon,Newbold Pacey,SP2957,From finder,52.21046223,-1.57700738,WMID-6BB769,,WMID6BB769.jpg,AXEHEAD - fragment of a copper alloy Palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/WMID6BB769.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1182894.jpg
1055072,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl of probable late Bronze Age date (1150-800 BC).



The awl is slightly curved and rectangular in cross-section along most of its length. It is widest at 5.43mm approximately 1/3 along its length, the shorter side narrowing to a circular cross-section and terminating in a sharp point. The longer side maintains its rectangular cross-section and curves slightly downwards, although this may be due to damage rather than design. The shorter, rounded section appears much more worn suggesting that the rectangular sectioned element may have been a tang for a handle . The surface is undecorated and has a mid-green patina.



Measurements: Length, 57.45mm; width, 5.92mm; thickness, 5.48mm and weight: 6.79g



Discussion: Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC). Other recorded examples include: NMS-12EC04; LEIC-711C38 and SUR-CB591E.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.79,,,5.48,57.45,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Bradley,SU6242,From finder,51.1738863,-1.11450615,SUSS-7A7EE7,,SUSS7A7EE7a.jpg,A complete copper-alloy awl,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS7A7EE7a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1173399.jpg
1055260,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,100,"A cast copper alloy 'moustache-shaped' object of late Bronze Age or Iron Age date. The object has a narrowed body with two sweeping swollen drop shaped ends which taper towards pointed terminals. There are five panels of linear grooves on each rounded side, with medial bands running down the middle, flanked by two panels of oblique lines and then two outer peripheral panels of lines running roughly parallel to those along the centre. The tapering lower projections are undecorated. There is a sub rectangular hollow between the projections suggesting the object fitted to something.



A number of these so called 'moustache' shaped objects of have now been recovered, with distinct variants identifiable. They are thought to date from the middle Bronze Age to the late Iron Age. Their function is uncertain, although recess in the body of this example (and in many of the others known) suggests that they were mounted on something, possibly a dagger handle or on the end of a scabbard; however the absence of evidence makes this entirely conjectural.



One example was found in the Salisbury Hoard which contained Bronze Age material but was buried in the Iron Age (Stead, 1998, no.117). Another example was found in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (Current Archaeology March 2012, Issue 264, 35).","
Recorded from details emailed by the finder. 
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-02-24T00:00:00Z,,,,12.63,,,,17,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Stapleford,SU0637,From finder,51.13224512,-1.91563025,SUR-C942E4,,SURC942E4.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURC942E4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1174188.jpg
1055517,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"
A fragment of copper alloy socketed axehead of Late Bronze Age date. The find comprises a portion of the mouth, the complete loop, and a portion of the body with traces of three moulded ribs. The 'inside' of the axe has a rough appearance. Apart from the mouth all edges are heavily abraded and patinated in the same dark green as the other surfaces. In places this patination is now missing to reveal a paler light green surface. This is most evident on the reverse break of the body, perhaps suggesting more recent damage by plough or at the time of discovery. It is possible that this item was deliberately broken prior to deposition. 
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-12-10T00:00:00Z,2021-12-20T00:00:00Z,,,28,,,5.7,46.5,1,Jenny Durrant,Jenny Durrant,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Horndean Catherington and Lovedean,SU6814,From finder,50.92146089,-1.03394211,HAMP-DEA849,,HAMPDEA849.jpg,Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment,Hampshire Cultural Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jdurrant/HAMPDEA849.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1173586.jpg
1055632,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of cast copper alloy blade tip, possibly from a rapier, of Bronze Age date (probably middle to late Bronze age, c. 1600- 800BC).



The fragment consists of only the damaged end of the blade, ending in a break further down the blade, while the very tip of the blade is also damaged and missing, leaving an uneven rounded point. Much of the blade edges are missing, particularly on one side. The blade is lenticular in section, with no bevels. The blade edges appear to taper in a convex curve to the tip.



Due to the fragmentary nature of this object, it cannot be confidently assigned to an object type or metalworking phase, although the narrow width of the blade suggests that it likely formed the tip of a rapier or dirk.



Length: 27.5 mm



Width: 13.3 mm



Thickness: 3.3 mm



Weight: 4.19 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.19,,,3.3,27.5,1,George Whatley,George Whatley,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Caerwent,ST4593,From finder,51.63310725,-2.79605823,NMGW-E0FD70,,NMWPA2022211.jpg,Bronze age blade tip fragment from a rapier or dirk,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/NMWPA2022211.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1174564.jpg
1056499,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete cast copper alloy socketed axe head of the south-eastern type (plain A1) of Late Bronze Age date (1000-800 BC).



The socketed axe is sub rectangular in shape, with a curved cutting edge. A slight horizontal collar is present on a couple of faces. There is a single loop on one side of the axehead. The loop measures 18.1 mm in length, and 6.6 mm thick. The blade is wide and crescentic with some damage to the cutting edge. The casting seam is visible down both sides externally but is not visible within. Three domed protrusions are visible inside the socket. The mouth of the socket is square. Internally the socket measures 22.8 mm by 21.8 mm.  The socket tapers down to where the crescentic edge of the blade begins. It is 52.2 mm deep.



The axehead measures 65.4 mm in length. The cutting edge is 38.6 mm wide and 4.7 mm thick. The socket is 30.4 mm wide by 31.9 mm thick. The metal is 3.3 mm thick. The axehead weighs 116.3 grams.



This axehead has suffered little damage and is in very good condition with a dark green patina. There is a wide scar across one surface, it was probably struck by the plough whilst in the plough soil.



Several similar socketed axeheads have been recorded on the PAS database. These include: LIN-C61E83; WREX-5806C1; BERK-2B2982; NMS-5A0D4E and WAW-9DBD6B.",The 3D model has been generated using the mobile phone scanning application Qlone,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,116.3,,,31.9,65.4,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Over Norton,SP3228,,51.94957886,-1.53581513,WMID-5EA8F2,,WMID5EA8F2.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Complete South Eastern type socketed axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID5EA8F2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1174336.jpg
1057538,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-2050,"A complete copper alloy flat axehead dating to the Early Bronze Age (2500-2050BC).



The axehead is sub-triangular in plan and profile, narrowing towards the butt creating a typical lentoid shape.  The parallel sides are relatively straight, expanding towards a curved shaped blade that has a width of 32.04mm.The sides have been slightly flattened to enable the blade to be fixed to a wooden shaft. Both ends have been worked to produce a sharp cutting surface. The surafce of the metal is slightly corroded and pitted with a dull pale brown patina with some pale green patches.



The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and thus one of the earliest phases of metalworking in Britain, metalworking stage I-II, corresponding to Needham's (1996)  Period 1-3 c.2500-2050 cal.BC, or slightly later.



Similar examples on the PAS database have been recorded under various types, including miniature object e.g. YORYM-CE8933 (59.01 mm), flat axe e.g. KENT-CF6F79 (80.6 mm) and YORYM-D53C89, chisel e.g. SUSS-9B7F13 (65.17 mm) and flat axehead e.g. LVPL-03D15C (61.5 mm).



Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-28T23:00:00Z,2021-09-28T23:00:00Z,,,56.91,,,6.4,77.02,1,Des Murphy,Des Murphy,North East,County Durham,County Durham,Bradbury and the Isle,NZ3129,From finder,54.65514818,-1.52102916,DUR-F0F844,,DURF0F844.jpg,DUR-F0F844,Durham County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/benwestwood/DURF0F844.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1176148.jpg
1057809,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,2500,1600,"A fragment of copper alloy blade. A probable fragment of a dagger or halberd. The tip only of the baled. It has a flat-topped tapering mid-rib on both faces. The wings of the blade taper to the cutting edges.

Date: Early Bronze Age  c. 2500 - 1600 BC

Dimensions: 21.85 mm x 13.91 mm x 3.04 mm

Weight: 2.28 g



Jason Gibbons (PAS volunteer) has suggested this may be part of and Eraly Bronze Age Ridgeway type dagger as issutrated in Gerloff, S 1975, plate 9. Peter Reavill (FLO) has suggested it could also possibly be part of a halberd is similar to Type Sluie  as well as Type Pistill Dewy publisehed in Needham, S, 2015, A Hafted Halberd Excavated at Trecastell, Powys: from Undercurrent to Uptake – the Emergence and Contextualisation of Halberds in Wales and North-west Europe in PPS 81, pp 1 - 41 see p 18, fig 23, e.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-08-14T23:00:00Z,,,,2.28,,,3.04,21.85,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Winterbourne,SU1635,From finder,51.11407108,-1.77280486,DOR-06EE6C,,06EE6Ca.jpg,Fragment of Bronze Age blade,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/06EE6Ca.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1175777.jpg
1057931,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,1000,"An incomplete cast socketed Spearhead dating to the Middle Bronze Age, circa 1600 BC - 1000 BC.



The spear has a lozenge shaped cross- section with a high mid-rib which tapers towards from the tip toward the break. The socket is conical and incomplete with part of the reverse section being broken (presumably in antiquity). The surviving socket depth is 67.1 mm. The socket has a circular external as well as internal section. The blade extends at the head of the socket and the overal shape is lost due to abrasion all that remains are shallow crescentic fragments. There is no evidence of side loops, although these may well have been lost through movement in the soil. The socket has two circular peg holes, with an internal diameter of 3.4 mm, one positioned on either side of the socket, beneath the blades. 



It measures 96.9 mm in length, 17.7 mm wide and is 18.8 mm thick. The metal is 2.2 mm thick. It weighs 47.5 g.



The spearhead is a mid green to brown colour. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil has resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail.



The fragment is probably too damaged to be specifically attributed to a specific type - however it shares many attributes of the side looped spearheads (of the Acton Park II phase / assemblage) of the Middle Bronze Age as we as that of the pegged spearheads (Penard phases) of the early Late Bronze Age.",The 3D model has been generated using mobile phone scanning application Qlone.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-03-27T00:00:00Z,2021-03-27T00:00:00Z,,,47.5,,,18.8,96.9,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Stafford,Stowe-by-Chartley,SK0329,From finder,52.85848251,-1.9568877,WMID-0A11D2,,WMID0A11D2.JPG,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID0A11D2.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1182569.jpg
1058402,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-800,"
A complete copper-alloy awl of late Bronze Age date, with a rectangular cross section One end tapers gently to a point, the other abruptly to a flat chisel-like terminal. The surface has a dark-green patina, but is damaged with extensive loss in places. There is no evident decoration.
",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.33,,,3.9,51.4,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Firsdown,SU2133,GPS (from the finder),51.09592675,-1.70149235,BERK-35952D,,BERK35952D.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK35952D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1176394.jpg
1058444,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy Blade, Dagger or Rapier, of Mid to Late Bronze Age date (1600-800 BC). The object is rectangular in plan and a pointed oval in cross section. It is incomplete on all sides but has some visible bevel along the left and right hand edges away from the mid-rib.



The metal is a dark green in colour with a predominantly patina.



Length: 76.39mm, Width: 35.81mm, Thickness: 6.74mm, Weight: 77.7g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,77.7,,,6.74,76.39,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Stowe IX Churches,SP6355,From finder,52.18965282,-1.07984412,NARC-3721BD,,NARC3721BD.jpg,NARC-3721BD : Blade : Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC3721BD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1176157.jpg
1058504,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An extremely corroded and abraded fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe dating to the late Bronze Age  (1100 - 800 BC), 42mm in length, comprising a side of the socket. The profile of the socket appears subrectangular and there is a portion of a thickened and rounded rim at one end. There are breaks to all sides.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,30.14,,,10.5,42,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Stapleford,SU0638,From finder,51.14123713,-1.91561391,HAMP-45DBA6,,HAMP45DBA6.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP45DBA6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1176211.jpg
1058513,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Iron Age,IRON AGE,-1150,43,"
Copper alloy mount or fitting of uncertain function and date, probably of Late Bronze Age or Iron Age date and possibly a scabbard chape.



The possible cast mount is complete. The mount is of bulbous bi-lobed form with a curving point projecting from each lobe. At the centre is a shallow rounded groove, widest at the base. Both lobes are decorated with prominent ribbing defined by grooves. The lobes terminate in gently curving points of rounded D-shaped section, slightly flattened on their interiors. The points are not decorated and the interior, near the centre is less finished than the rest of the mount. At the centre is an irregular, sub-circular depression or hollowing. The interior is not finished and would not have been seen. The surface has dark green patina.
","See NMGW-AF1FCC for similar. The object, often referred to as a 'moustache' is recognised object form but poorly understood in terms of its function and date. The object form is quite consistent, being bi-lobed and rounded, often with ribbed decoration and with projecting prongs. An example of the type was found with the Salisbury Hoard and indicates a Bronze or Iron Age date although the style would suggest a Late Bronze to Iron Age date. It has been suggested that the mount may have been used on Iron Age weapons and it seems possible that the pronged form may be consistent with its use as a scabbard chape, although this remains a conjectural identification.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.43,,,10.5,32.2,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Inkpen,SU3563,,51.36499206,-1.49865433,BERK-4644A3,,BERK4644A3.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK4644A3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1176333.jpg
1058533,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"An incomplete cast copper-alloy fragment of a blade dating to the Bronze Age (c. 1500-1200&nbsp;BC). The fragment is broadly rectangular and lozenge-shape in cross section - this being typical of the Bronze Age. The edges of the blade are narrow, uneven and very worn. The corners are rounded. The blade is not parallel with one end slightly wider and thinner than the other. Neither face is decorated. All surfaces have&nbsp;an uneven mid brown and mid to dark green patina.

The blade measures 32.2mm in length, 10.5mm in width, 3.1mm in thickness and weighs 4.36 grams.

Several similar slightly larger blades are recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database. This includes BH-E1E7E6, WILT-9D21F1, WILT-90C8FE and SUR-750511, all of which are dated to the Middle Bronze Age.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2014-08-20T00:00:00Z,2014-08-20T00:00:00Z,,,4.36,,,3.1,32.2,1,,Matthew Fittock,Eastern,Hertfordshire,East Hertfordshire,Much Hadham,TL4418,,51.84204052,0.08887389,BH-471B28,,BH471B28.jpg,Bronze Age blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mfittock/BH471B28.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1177529.jpg
1058790,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of socketed axehead. The lower blade and cutting edge only remains.  The axehead has been broken in an abraded, irregular curve just above the end of the rectangular socket. The cutting edge is curved and only very slighttly flared.The surfaces are very corroded and iron stained.

Date: Late Bronze Age - c 1000 - 800 BC 

Dimensions: 39.81 mm x 45.23 mm x 14.93 mm 

Weight: 78.84 g



A similar fragment is recorded in database record HAMP-888D78 where Rob Webley comments The axehead is most likely to date from the Ewart Park phase (1000-800 BC), a period in which scrap metal hoarding was prevalent",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-06-26T23:00:00Z,,,,78.84,,,14.93,38.81,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Sedgehill and Semley,ST8825,,51.0242423,-2.17247349,DOR-8875FB,,8875FB.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axe head,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sarahk/8875FB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1177153.jpg
1058998,Knife,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy probable tanged knife. The top of the rectangular tang has a transverse break with the remnant of a single, circular attachment hole in the centre. The tang has a rectangular cross section. Below the tang, the blade narrows and thickens slightly and the sides curve inwards before flaring out again to a wide, tongue-shaped terminal. The body of the blade has a wide central mid-rib on both faces. The mid-rib is parallel sided and has a ridge along each edge and one at the centre. It runs from below the rectangular top part down to the rounded end.The blade has a shallow, lentoid cross section.

Date: Late Bronze Age c. 1000 - 800 BC

Dimensions: 82.54 mm x 17.71 mm x 1.72 mm

Weight: 13.29 g



Perter Reavill (2022 pers comm) suggests this is a Late  Bronze Age tanged knife made from an earlier, possible Middle Bronze Age (c. 1600 - 1000 BC) dirk or rapier blade.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,13.29,1.72,82.54,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,East Dorset,Sturminster Marshall,SY9399,From finder,50.79052441,-2.10067574,DOR-9E51FB,,Scaleto30cm2020Copy.jpg,Bronze Age knife,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/Scaleto30cm2020Copy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1177108.jpg
1059006,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-900,"An incomplete copper alloy Socketed Spearhead of Bronze Age date (1800-900 BC). The object is composed of a tapering plan with a lozenge cross section. There is an upper and lower mid-rib with small sections of blade edges retained flanking the mid-rib. The socketed end is circular and incomplete due to old, abraded break. 



The metal is dark brown/green in colour with a heavily pitted patina. 



Length: 62.51mm, Width (broadest): 12.48mm, Width: (narrowest): 6.00mm, Thickness: 4.92mm, Diameter (socket): 10.15mm, Weight: 12.8g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,12.8,,10.15,4.92,62.51,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Kettering,Cranford,SP9378,From finder,52.3921336,-0.63477213,NARC-9E84F2,,NARC9E84F2.jpg,NARC-9E84F2 : Spearhead : Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC9E84F2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1176601.jpg
1059091,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of the tip of a Bronze Age spearhead, probably dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, c.1550 &ndash; 800 BC.&nbsp;The fragment is narrow and triangular, tapering to the point. It has a pronounced oval&nbsp;midrib that is solid and runs&nbsp;to the point of the spear with narrow wings of the blade to either side. The break is ancient and highly abraded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,4,,,5.5,28.6,1,,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Alderbury,SU1725,,51.02412198,-1.75898611,SUR-AE4D56,,SURAE4D56.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURAE4D56.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1176779.jpg
1059190,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy socketed Axehead of Middle to late Bronze Age date (1500-800 BC). The object comprised the blade end of a socketed axehead. The blade tip is hollow and flares at the edges. A casting seam is visible around the upper and lower edged. The blade end in worn and chipped. The object terminates at the opposing end in a transverse break. 



Length: 32.63mm, Width (blade): 48.26mm, Thickness (body): 14.15mm, Thickness (blade): 2.89mm, Weight: 66.3g



The metal has a dark green predominantly smooth patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,66.3,,,14.15,32.63,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,East Northamptonshire,Barnwell,TL0684,From finder,52.44369432,-0.44190698,NARC-B37797,,NARCB37797.jpg,NARC-B37797 : Axehead : Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCB37797.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1176807.jpg
1059233,Dagger,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1100,"A complete copper alloy dagger or small dirk, 94.8mm in length and of early to middle Bronze Age date. The blade is triangular and tapers to a point. The rear edge is rounded with a pair of flanking rivet holes on the rear edge. The blade has a flat lenticular cross section with a low wide mid-rib which has bevelled sides and a slight ridge at the break in angle to the edges of the blade. The blade is otherwise undecorated and slightly bent.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.03,,,3.1,94.8,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Bullington,SU4743,From finder,51.18430434,-1.32892373,SUR-C44007,,SURC44007.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURC44007.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1177032.jpg
1059303,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1750,43,"
A copper-alloy possible chisel of possible Bronze Age date. The object is flat copper-alloy rod with a rectangular cross section. One end tapers to a rounded point. The other end flares to a flanged chisel end. The cross section is unusual for a chisel of the Bronze Age, which are usually lentoid in section. Apart from the general shape the object is rather undiagnostic and a general date of Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age is suggested. Along the length of the object are small, circular depressions which might be the result of shaping the object.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.64,,,3.1,87.6,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,Windsor and Maidenhead,Windsor and Maidenhead,Bisham,SU8483,GPS (from the finder),51.53965988,-0.79020479,BERK-C620A3,,BERKC620A3.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERKC620A3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1177008.jpg
1059421,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"An incomplete small copper alloy chisel or possibly a miniature flat axe. There is a break at the butt. The object has a tapered butt and a flaring blade with a convex cutting edge. It is thinned from the butt to the cutting edge giving it a wedge shaped longitudinal profile. It is rectangular in its transverse cross section.

Date: Bronze Age - c. 1100 - 800 BC

Dimensions: 52.47 mm x13.63 mm x 3.49 mm

Weight: 9.89 g



Similar to SF-81B0CD",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,9.89,,,3.49,52.47,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Tarrant Launceston,ST9309,From finder,50.88044919,-2.1008699,DOR-D8751E,,DORD8751E.jpg,Bronze Age chisel,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DORD8751E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1177891.jpg
1059423,Gouge,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed gouge. The remaining portion is a short length of the socket with a tapered U-shaped blade. The socket is oval in cross section with projecting ridges running down each side which are the remains of casting flashes. The object tapers in width and thickness from its socket to a rounded cutting/gouging edge which is concave on one of its surfaces. The gouging edge has worn well rounded chips at its tip. The casting lines are visible for the whole length of the object on both sides. The surface is greyish green, indicating a probable high tin alloy.

Date: Bronze Age - corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 7, and dated to c. 950 - 750BC

Dimensions: 56.08 mm x c18.45 mm x 17.45 mm

Weight: 21.49 g



Comparable socketed gouges have been recorded on the PAS database. For examples see: SOM-D46055, YORYM-316F81, YORYM-CD7FFB, SWYOR-FCB525, NMGW-62C84F, DUR-06F0E8, IOW-EC25A7 and SUR-7898C5.



In database record SOM-D46055 Ed Caswell comments: The missing mouth makes typological identification difficult, Savory (1980, p 55) suggests that the earliest socketed gouges such as those that occur in the Guilsfield hoard have multiple mouth mouldings, whereas later gouges tend to have a broad flat collar. According to Pearce in the 1983 publication 'The Bronze Age Metalwork of South Western Britain Part I', page 43, socketed gouges 'appear to have begun in the Wilburton phase, and continued as part of the tool repertoire until the end of the Bronze Age', although she suggests that most socketed gouges can be dated to the Ewart phase between c. 1000 - c. 800 BC. Needham et al's (1997) recent study of Bronze Age chronology dated a collared socketed gouge from the Bodwrog Hoard, Anglesey to 2720 +- 45 BP (DoB No 3, OxA-4652, p68). This gouge is most likely of Ewart Park metalworking, phases which correspond to Needham's (1996) Period 7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.49,,,17.45,56.08,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Tarrant Hinton,ST9411,From finder,50.89844543,-2.08668912,DOR-D8B5CD,,DORD8B5CD.jpg,Late Bronze Age gouge,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DORD8B5CD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1177886.jpg
1059451,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-700,"An complete cast copper alloy socketed axehead. The mouth of the socket is square with a thick exterior beaded collar around it. The body of the blade tapers from the mouth towards the blade in one plane, whilst it flares in the other into a curved, crescentic cutting edge. At one side, below the collar, is a large side loop on the longitudinal axis. The loop is D-shaped with an oval aperture. There are clear casting lines along the sides of the axehead. The sides of the body have two longitudinal facets flanking the casting ridges, giving the body an irregular hexagonal exterior profile. On one side (the one without the loop) there is pitting on the surface, perhaps as the result of slight mis-casting.

Date: Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age - c. 1000 - 700 BC

Dimensions: 81.05 mm x 47.98 mm x 30.10 mm

Socket dimensions: external 30.10 mm x 31.99 mm, internal 23.41 mm x 22.73 mm

Weight: 107.21 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,107.21,,,30.1,81.05,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,North Dorset,Spetisbury,ST9001,Centred on field,50.80846486,-2.14329166,DOR-DD256B,,DORDD256B.jpg,Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DORDD256B.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1177738.jpg
1059678,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper alloy possible spearhead fragment. Cast ogival lentoid-section tip from a blade; here considered as possibly broken from a light spearhead. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800BC



Length: 17.6mm, Width: 8.4mm, Thickness: 1.8mm, Weight: 0.95gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-02-27T00:00:00Z,,,,0.95,,,1.8,17.6,1,Martin Foreman,Martin Foreman,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9114,GPS (from the finder),53.61465305,-0.62588526,NLM-2E04AE,,NLM49699.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead tip,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM49699.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1177318.jpg
1059938,Votive Model,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1000,-500,"A copper-alloy wheel probaby a Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age votive model of a miniature wheel dating c. 1000-500 BC.



The openwork wheel is circular in plan and sub-rectangular in cross section. The wheel has a trapezoidal shaped 'axel' from which four spokes radiate, narrowing as they do, before flaring slightly where they join the outer rim. The apertures between each spoke are sub-oval and slightly pointed. There is a circular perforation in the centre of the axle (c.1.0mm diameter) this shows signs of ware on one face. The wheel has a dark green surface with red areas. 



Measurements: external diameter: 20.48mm; thickness: 2.23mm and weight: 2.17g. 



There are many similar examples recorded on the database which are recorded as late Bronze Age or early Iron Age/Roman votive wheels e.g. OXON-5C8F8B; GLO-E82DE1, KENT-70F063, SF-987EE3; NMS-1CDC66. However, this example has a very small central perforation and rectangular cross-section more akin to NLM-B563BC, which suggests it is the wheel for an 18/19th century toy cannon.  An example of an 18th century toy cannon with its wheeled carriage in (Forsyth and Egan 2005, page 85 no. 1.17); has similar wheels but notably with only three spokes rather than four. SUR-A965C0 is another example recorded as a toy on the PAS database, but again with three spokes. Therefore, on balance, based on its form a prehistoric date is suggested for this object.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.17,,20.48,2.23,,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Bradley,SU6341,From finder,51.16478633,-1.10037851,SUSS-4883C8,,SUSS4883C8.jpg,A copper-alloy votive wheel,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS4883C8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1177737.jpg
1060292,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy razor dating to the late Bronze Age period (c. 1000-800 BC). The object is sub-diamond shaped with a tapered points and straight sides that widen leading to a worn break at the opposing end. The object is flat and undecorated. The object has a mid-green patina.



Comparable examples recorded on the PAS database include  NMS-44D5CC and NLM-8C28E5, which have been categorised as Piggott Type 1. 



The overall dimensions are as follows: 42.61mm in length, 22.34mm in width, 2.10mm in thickness and 5.45g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.45,,,2.1,42.61,1,Susheela Burford,Susheela Burford,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Powick,SO8252,From finder,52.16597,-2.26458101,WAW-AD46C3,,WAWAD46C3.jpg,A Bronze Age Razor,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sburford/WAWAD46C3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1185783.jpg
1060750,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead, part of the socket and all of the crescentic cutting edge. The two broad faces are distorted at the old break. All of the patination has been lost except for a patch behind both ends of the blade. Weight 80g. Extant length 42.5mm. Width 46mm. Thickness 15.2mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-01T23:00:00Z,2021-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,80,,,15.2,42.5,1,Andrew Rogerson,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,Breckland,Mattishall,TG0512,GPS (from the finder),52.66692988,1.03024041,NMS-D88F73,,PFd_36629_D88F73_ENMD032022_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_36629_D88F73_ENMD032022_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1180932.jpg
1060775,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,"Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead, the crescentic cutting edge and the very end of the socket. The break is old but there is recent scuffing damage, especially to the cutting edge. Weight 93g. Extant length 31.5mm. Width 62.7mm. Thickness 14.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-30T00:00:00Z,2021-09-30T00:00:00Z,,,93,,,14.5,31.5,1,,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,Broadland,Postwick with Witton,TG2907,,52.61246286,1.3810652,NMS-DA18AB,,PFd_28171_DA18AB_ENMD032022_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_28171_DA18AB_ENMD032022_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1180923.jpg
1060880,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete miniature flax axehead or chisel dating to the Late Bronze Age c.1150-800 cal BC.



The object has a very narrow butt that is slightly rounded, 3.7mm wide and 1.5mm thick. From this point it widens in a smooth concave curve down its length to reach it maximum width of 23.7mm at the blade's corners. The blade corners are damaged such that it is not possible to say it they were rounded or out-turned. The blade is a shallow crescent shape and is bevelled possibly suggesting it has been sharpened although the edge now is abraded and chipped. The axe is lenticular (a pointed oval) in cross section reaching it maximum thickness (3.1mm) approximately half way along its length. It's sides are very slightly upturned into almost imperceptible flanges. There is a casting floor close to its centre which exaggerates their size.



The object has a dark green patina which is chipped in pieces where it has a medium green patina.



The object is 43.7mm long, 23.7mm wide, 3.1mm thick and weighs 6.8 grams.



There are several very similar objects recorded on the database described as either chisels or miniature axeheads (LIN-9CD5CA, LEIC-90F47D,  BH-5D8656, WAW-353C3E, IOW-C695CB, SOM-589161). Many Late Bronze Age chisels share a similar form to this example although these often have projecting collars at their midpoint which this lacks however an example of a chisel from Netherhampton in the British Museum Collection (1998,0901.172) shows how these need not always be present. A similar find is also illustrated from Priory Farm Cave (Savory 1980, p.179, 265 nr. 2). As such a Late Bronze Age date and suggested use as a chisel is appropriate for this object. It should be noted however that while copper alloy woodworking tools are known from the Bronze Age such tools continue in use to the Post Medieval period for finer woodworking.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-06T00:00:00Z,2022-03-06T00:00:00Z,,,6.8,,,3.2,43.7,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Bledlow-cum-Saunderton,SU7999,From finder,51.68421301,-0.85868259,OXON-ECB45F,,OXONECB45F.jpg,Bronze Age chisel,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXONECB45F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1178329.jpg
1060893,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment from a cast copper alloy spearhead dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, about 1550 – 800 cal BC. Only the tip of the spear remains.



The fragment is triangular in plan, tapering to the spear's point. It has a lozenge shaped midrib that is solid and runs to the point of the spear from which the flat blade edges of the spear extend these narrow in width to meeting the point. The fragment has a dark green patina that is chipped away in places. 



The fragment is 24.2mm long, 14mm wide, 8.5mm thick and weighs 5.1 grams.



 Not enough of the spearhead has remained to be able to date this fragment to a more precise range, although the circular section, the angle of the blade, and the midrib extending to the to the tip suggest comparisons with spearheads in Davis Groups 6-11.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-06T00:00:00Z,2022-03-06T00:00:00Z,,,5.1,,,8.5,24.2,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Bledlow-cum-Saunderton,SU8099,From finder,51.68407164,-0.84422097,OXON-EDE3B4,,OXONEDE3B4.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXONEDE3B4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1178344.jpg
1060956,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,-1500,1700,"A fragment of cast copper-alloy Casting Waste of Bronze Age to Post Medieval date (1500 BC-AD 1700). The object is broadly trapezoidal in shape and rectangular in cross section. The outer surface comprises s flat base and angled side.  All of the fragment's edges are worn with the exception of the long edge which has a modern break. 



The metal is dark green in colour with an uneven patina. 



Length: 77.50mm, Width: 51.00mm, Thickness: 12.48mm, Weight: 168.00g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,168,,,12.48,77.5,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,Daventry,Hellidon,SP5257,From finder,52.20877668,-1.24043051,NARC-EFEA13,,NARCEFEA13.jpg,NARC-EFEA13 : Casting Waste : Bronze Age to Post-Medieval,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARCEFEA13.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1178389.jpg
1060978,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1600,"A near-complete cast copper alloy developed axehead of Needham’s Class 4E (Type Whittington), dating to the early Bronze Age, probably specifically to the Willerby assemblage (Metalworking Assemblage V), c. 1900 – 1600BC. Needham’s Class 4E (Type Whittington) relates to Type Bandon, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 65)[1] and probably dating to Willerby assemblage (Metalworking Assemblage V), the later part of Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 3, c. 1900 – 1600BC.



The axehead is near-complete, missing only the cutting edge of the blade, the blade tips and part of the butt. There is no decoration visible on any of the axe’s surface. The axe has a lozenge profile with a stop ridge, a damaged straight butt and near-straight, gently diverging sides. The sides only start to diverge more strongly until well below the stop ridge, at which point they flare strongly to produce a heavily expanded blade edge (with a blade width of 64.2mm). The curvature of the sides and the quite strongly curved blade edge is slightly asymmetric, with one of the blade tips more expanded than the other. 



The sides of the axe are convex and undecorated- the flanges stand upright and are not beveled inwards compared to the septum; the flanges stand a maximum of c. 2mm above the septum. The sides are smooth where the original surface remains- any trace of casting flash has been carefully removed. The stop bevel is straight and subtle (with a maximum thickness of 11.2mm excluding the flanges). 



The axe has undergone chemical degradation but is still in relatively good condition. The majority of the original surface remains, with a dark brown patina. The original surface is smooth and even glossy in some patches, preserving some toolmarks including sharpening striations on the blade. There are patches of rust-coloured corrosion product on the original surface. Degradation has led to the delamination of the original surface, which has likely lost much of its copper content and is in a fragile state. This has led to the loss of areas of surface, revealing a light grey powdery core underneath. Cracks in the original surface suggest that this delamination is affecting much of the object. Areas where the surface has been lost entirely include one corner of the butt and a section of adjoining side, parts of the flanges, and one blade tip as well as the entire blade edge.



This axe clearly fits into Needham’s Class 4E (Type Whittington)/Type Bandon: it is comparatively small with a straight butt, a clear stop ridge, straight and near-parallel sides producing a narrow mid-blade, below which it curves sharply to form expanded blade tips.





Length: 109.6mm



Width: 64.2mm



Thickness: 14mm



Weight: 185.54g","[1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7





[2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140



[3] Needham, S., 2018. The classification of Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age copper and bronze axe-heads from southern Britain. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.





Appendix 1: Measurements to Needham’s (2018) specifications and associated ratios




	

		

			

			
WB

			

			

			
W2

			

			

			
W3

			

			

			
WE

			

			

			
L

			

			

			
LB

			

			

			
0.8XLB

			

			

			
0.5XLB

			

			

			
DE

			

			

			
LC 

			

			

			
LC'

			

			

			
MO

			

			

			
MT

			

		

		

			

			
19

			

			

			
26

			

			

			
30.1

			

			

			
64.2

			

			

			
109.6

			

			

			
92.6

			

			

			
74.08

			

			

			
46.3

			

			

			
16.5

			

			

			
93.6

			

			

			
76.6

			

			

			
11.6

			

			

			
11.2

			

		

	








	

		

			

			
RWB

			

			

			
RWB'

			

			

			
RWE

			

			

			
RDE

			

			

			
EH

			

			

			
RW3

			

			

			
RMO

			

			

			
ASC/ASD

			

			

			
MRW

			

		

		

			

			
0.30

			

			

			
0.17

			

			

			
0.59

			

			

			
0.26

			

			

			
0.49

			

			

			
0.33

			

			

			
0.12

			

			

			
0.82

			

			

			
0.49",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,,1,George Whatley,George Whatley,Wales,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Rhondda Cynon Taf,Pontypridd,ST0691,,51.60995743,-3.35887263,NMGW-F30ECA,,NMWPA2022342.jpg,Early Bronze age flanged axe,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/gwhatley/NMWPA2022342.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1178415.jpg
1061209,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-1500,410,"A copper alloy awl of possible Bronze Age to Roman date, c. 1500 BC - AD 410. The object consists of a rod of copper alloy, sub-square in cross section at one end, tapering into a point, whilst the other end only tapers in a single plane, forming a flat chisel-like terminal. 



Dimensions: 42.98mm in length; 3.99mm in width/thick; 3.1g in weight.



cf. similar objects recorded on this database: SWYOR-472835, WMID-7999D4.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.1,,,,42.98,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0544,,51.19519836,-1.9298266,WILT-408852,,WILT408852.jpg,WILT-408852,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILT408852.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181807.jpg
1061221,Miniature Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,ROMAN,-800,410,"A complete Bronze Age to Roman copper alloy miniature socketed axehead dating to c 800 BC - AD 410. It is rectangular in form, partly hollow, tapering from an oval mouth to a vertical cutting edge. It does not have the usual loop, instead it has a circular hole through the upper part of the blade itself, perhaps to allow it to be suspended and worn.



Dimensions: 13.2mm in height; 14.1mm in length; 8.5mm thick; 5.1g in weight



This resembles Robinson's Type IVa 'Miniature axes with parallel vertical sides - essentially square' (nos. 16-18), although as the edges flare a little it also has some similarity with Type IIb 'miniature axes with an expanding straight sided profile - short stubby axes' (nos. 8 and 9). Robinson does, however, note that no. 9 of Type II can be compared with no. 18 of class IV, and, therefore, Type IV is suggested for this miniature axehead. Similar objects on the database are WILT-669E9D and WILT-B9731D, which both exhibit the same sub-square form as this example.



The dating of miniature axeheads is from the late Bronze Age to Roman periods, but they are more common from the Roman period. Robinson dates no.18 to the Roman period, although does not give an explanation for this dating. No. 16, however, was found with a hoard of Bronze Age and Iron Age objects. A wide date range is therefore suggested for this example.



Miniature socketed axeheads possibly functioned as amulets or votive offerings (Robinson 1995, 60).



Ref:  Robinson, P. (1995) 'Miniature socketed bronze axes', The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, vol. 88, 60-68",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,5.1,13.2,,8.5,14.06,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Shrewton,SU0544,,51.19519836,-1.9298266,WILT-40EB06,,WILT40EB06.jpg,WILT-40EB06,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILT40EB06.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181794.jpg
1061275,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A fragment of a copper alloy blade from a late Bronze Age sword dating to c. AD 1000-800 BC. The blade section is 55mm long with old breaks at both ends. The cross section is lenticular, with a pronounced rounded midrib of 8.3mm thick with grooved sides and bevelled blade edges.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to Landowner,Metal detector,2022-04-06T23:00:00Z,,,,56.05,,,8.4,55,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Runnymede,Egham Town,TQ0072,From finder,51.43818027,-0.56268649,SUR-42B7D9,,SUR42B7D9.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR42B7D9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1178598.jpg
1061674,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"A fragmentary cast copper alloy axe head of Late Bronze Age date. The type is uncertain, but probably South Wales (Stogursey) Type of Ewart Park metalworking industry dated to c.950-750 BC, but possibly of Wilburton-Wallington through to Llyn Fawr industries dating to c.1150-600 BC. 



The axehead is represented by the end of the blade only with a straight transverse break across its width resulting in a surviving length of 32.3mm. The break happened in antiquity and is likely evidence for deliberate breakage of the object prior to deposition, or ‘ritual killing’. The width at the break is 33.2mm (11.8mm thick) with traces of the hollow ovoid socket surviving (internal dimensions of the remaining socket 23mm x 6.9mm ). The sides are bevelled toward their centre with casting seams running along their surviving centre, terminating c.6.6mm before the blade edge. One casting seam has been damaged by corrosion, but the surviving seam suggests that it was finished. The blade edge has a slight expansion and possibly uneven curve, although damage to the original surface makes it difficult to tell for certain. The blade edge has a medium curvature (max width 36.3mm) with some damage to the original surface edge. The faces of the axe are gradually convergent and very slightly convex with the end of a single raised rib decoration preserving on one face (surviving rib length 7.8mm from the break). Some striations from sharpening are suggested, mostly concentrated on one face. The surface has a dark brown patina with areas of damage revealing bright green bronze corrosion beneath. The fragment weighs 39.72g.



The fragmentary condition of the axe makes typological identification uncertain. The form indicates a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date, c. 1,150 – 600BC of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. However, the form, scale and ribbed decoration suggest the axe to be of South Wales or allied type and of Ewart Park metalworking industry (c. 950-750BC). The inward hammered at the break would suggest deliberate damage prior to deposition.



Similar objects are recorded on the PAS database e.g. NMGW-EEFAFA, NMGW-31C923, NMGW-32296E, NMGW-219CA8",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,39.72,,,11.8,32.2,1,Adelle Bricking,Adelle Bricking,Wales,Cardiff,Cardiff,St. Fagans,ST0978,,51.49359371,-3.3121938,NMGW-6BD01B,,NMGW6BD01Bdylanaxehead.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/NMGW6BD01Bdylanaxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1179032.jpg
1061700,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of cast copper-alloy balded fragment of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, likely from a sword, rapier or dirk.



Description: The fragment has a lozenge-shaped cross section and near paralalel bladed sides. The midrib is very low and not extenuated. The irregular breaks and bent ends are well patinated, suggesting the damage occurred in antiquity, possibly intentionally as is common with contemporary weapon and tool fragments



Measurements: Length: 28.96mm; width: 37.71mm; thickness: 5.84mm. Weight: 29.47g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.47,,,5.84,28.96,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Eastry,TR2953,Generated from computer mapping software,51.23021613,1.27868518,KENT-708F91,,KENT708F91.jpg,Fragment of copper-alloy bladed weapon,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENT708F91.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1179105.jpg
1061954,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of Bronze Age axe, dating to c. 1500 - 8000 BC. Axe head type not further defined, possibly a fragment of socketed axehead. The fragment is the blade end of the axehead with a ragged transverse break cutting across its body.  There is no trace of a socket at this broken end. Beyond the break the axe widens in smooth concave curves to the blade edge which is crescent shaped. 

Length: 26.6 mm

Width: 48.6 mm

Thickness: 10.9 mm

Weight: 53.6 g



Dr Edward Caswell comments: Given the extent of the curve of the blade and the even thickening towards the centre in cross section, the fragment is likely to be from a Late Bronze Age (c.1150 - 800 cal BC) socketed axehead.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,53.6,,,10.9,26.6,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Billesdon,SK7102,Centred on parish,52.61114642,-0.95288697,LEIC-EB5D97,,EB5D97.jpg,,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/EB5D97.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1179458.jpg
1062155,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy Bronze Age spearhead dating to c.1500-800 BC.



The object consists of the upper section of the blade only; the lower portion and socket are missing. The blade is triangular in shape and lozenge in section. From the tip of the spearhead is a central ridge that runs vertically towards the socketed base on both faces. These two ridges form a shallow oval cross section and are flanked by thinner blades that taper to a worn and broken point. The base of the blade is incomplete with a worn break. Overall the object has a smooth mid-green patina.



Dimensions: Length 63.32mm; width 37.47mm; thickness 7.24mm; weight 26.88g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,26.88,,,7.24,63.32,1,Heather Beeton,Heather Beeton,North West,Warrington,Warrington,Grappenhall and Thelwall,SJ6286,GPS (from the finder),53.36948828,-2.57256851,LVPL-126FD7,,LVPL126FD7.jpg,Bronze age spearhead,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPL126FD7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181782.jpg
1062158,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1100,"A fragment copper alloy spearhead dating to the early to middle Bronze Age c.1500-1100 BC. Possibly a Davis (2017) Group 8 “Incorporated basal looped” which are described as 'Normally longer than the developed side looped spearhead.'



The object consists of a fragment of the blade only; the rest of the blade and socket are missing. The blade is broadly triangular in shape with a prominent central ridge on both faces that produces a lozenge cross section. The blade edges thin from the centre ridge. The edges are worn and broken and the tip and base are missing. Overall the object has a smooth brown patina.



Dimensions: Length 34.83mm; width 22.83mm; thickness 10.89mm; weight 13.79g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.79,,,10.89,34.83,1,Heather Beeton,Heather Beeton,North West,Warrington,Warrington,Grappenhall and Thelwall,SJ6286,Centred on field,53.36948828,-2.57256851,LVPL-12AE41,,LVPL12AE41.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead: Davis (2016) Group 8,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPL12AE41.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181776.jpg
1062340,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1500,"Early Bronze Age copper-alloy flat axehead. It has a wide convex cutting edge and a narrower convex butt end. The two side edges connecting these&nbsp;are longitudinally concave and flaring but transversally convex. Viewed from either of the side edges&nbsp;the axehead is lentoid: thickest in the middle and tapering convexly to a point at the cutting and butt ends. It is virtually complete, with two small but noticeable deformations at the cutting edge and another at the butt end, most probably caused&nbsp;by&nbsp;impact. 

Both faces have a similar cast-in decoration or texture resembling wrinkles or fibres, which are very broadly linear, oriented along the longitudinal axis. They appear at six millimetres from the butt edge and continue up to ten millimetres before the cutting edge, spanning the full width of each face and spreading outwards as the width of the axehead expands. The side edges are not decorated. c. 2350-1500 BC

Length: 88.0mm. Width: 58.3mm. Thickness: 10.0mm. Weight: 182.4g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-10-01T00:00:00Z,2022-02-28T00:00:00Z,,,182.4,,,10,88,1,,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0782,,52.39685663,1.04109525,NMS-29E851,,PFd_59791_29E851_INDJL08042022AW_BA_FlatAxehead.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_59791_29E851_INDJL08042022AW_BA_FlatAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181497.jpg
1062433,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, end of blade with blunt damaged point of lozengiform section. The damaged cutting edges have a slight concave taper to the point. The lower end is broken with no trace of a socket. Extant length 52.5mm. Extant width 18mm. Extant thickness 8mm. Weight 14.46g. c. 1600 - c. 1000 BC.",ENF152146,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-05T00:00:00Z,2022-03-05T00:00:00Z,,,14.46,,,8,52.5,1,Steven Ashley,Steven Ashley,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Salle,TG1224,,52.77195341,1.14133097,NMS-68AB89,,Image1882.jpg,,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jasongibbons/Image1882.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1180859.jpg
1062715,Arrowhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2500,-1500,"An incomplete copper alloy Arrowhead of Bronze Age date (2500-1500 BC). The object is sub triangular in form and ovoid in cross section and is of Barbed and Tanged form. The upper end of the object is pointed, while the lower end has a rectangular central tang, which is flanked by one complete and one partial barb. The space between the tang and barbs is semi-circular. There is a central shallow rib running longitudinally on both the upper and lower surfaces. The outer edges are slightly bevelled. 



Length: 34.41mm, Width: 22.35mm, Thickness: 3.05mm, Weight: 4.4g



The metal is dark brown in colour with a pitted patina. 



A similar arrowhead is recorded in database record SUR-D9AFD8, where Dr Simon Maslin notes:



Bronze Age flat barbed and tanged copper-alloy arrowheads are known from Britain, though they are rare finds. Other examples on the database include SWYOR-3A2CF7, NMS-B061B6, NMS-F982A3, WMID-CE6A76, NARC-F9B223, LEIC-13A0FE, NMS-477E93 and SF6680. This appears to be the fourth recorded example from Wiltshire.



In contrast there is only one example known from a secure British Bronze Age archaeological context (the Penard hoard, Archaeologica 71, page 138). At the time of its discovery, it was a unique find in Britain and was presumed to be an import on the basis of a range of previous finds of bronze arrowheads recorded from Northern France. PAS recorded finds have since demonstrated that these bronze arrowheads were also a British tradition. Though the barbed and tanged form was used in flint from the Early Bronze Age, the Penard find was dated to 1275-1140 BC, suggesting at least a Middle Bronze Age date for copper alloy examples such as this one.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.4,,,3.05,34.41,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,Eastern,Cambridgeshire,South Cambridgeshire,Meldreth,TL3846,From finder,52.09514038,0.01308184,NARC-7ED438,,NARC7ED438.jpg,NARC-7ED438 : Arrowhead : Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC7ED438.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1180058.jpg
1063119,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
Copper alloy socketed spearhead fragment that dates to the middle to late Bronze Age. This is the tip of the spearhead and has a pronounced spine running down its centre that is circular in cross-section, this is flanked by thin blades that taper to a fine point. The rear of the spear is truncated resulting in the loss of the socket and rear section of the blades.
","
This item is recorded from an emailed image supplied by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-01T00:00:00Z,2022-04-02T23:00:00Z,,,,,,,23,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Bath and North East Somerset,Bath and North East Somerset,Norton Malreward,ST5865,From finder,51.38248425,-2.60489797,GLO-ABA36E,,P1020028.JPG,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/P1020028.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1180557.jpg
1063297,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy&nbsp;spear tip probably dating from&nbsp;the middle or late Bronze Age (1550 BC-800&nbsp;BC). &nbsp;The tip is lozengiform in cross section, the blade wings and midrib cutting edges are all in good condition although the very end of the tip is missing. &nbsp;There is no socket hole. &nbsp;The blades&nbsp;&nbsp;and midribs are black and in between these&nbsp;the spear tip is a rich orange colour.&nbsp;

The spear tip measures 24.1 mm in length, the maximum width of the cutting edge is 10.9 mm, the minimum width is 4.3 mm. &nbsp;It weighs 2.98 grams.

Not enough of the spearhead has remained to be able to date this fragment to a more precise range.

c.f.&nbsp;OXON-EDE3B4 on the PAS database",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2021-12-03T00:00:00Z,,,2.98,,,,24.1,1,,Claire Goodey,South West,Somerset,Mendip,Beckington,ST8252,,51.26686637,-2.25938049,WILT-E7EBD1,,WILTE7EBD1xx.jpg,WILT-E7EBD1,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILTE7EBD1xx.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1190927.jpg
1063598,Rod,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1100,"A contorted fragment of rod of triangular section; the faces are concave and the flanges formed at their junctions are therefore acute. A moderate double twist at a point where the rod is bent appears to be a deliberate feature, but elsewhere very slight twists are likely to be due to distortion. There are no cut-marks, nor any crushing at the breaks.





Maximum dimension (in contorted state) 55 mm; approximate extended length 200 mm; thickness 2.5 – 3.1 mm; weight 14.4 g","In its fragmentary state it is difficult to definitively identify the Risby-cum-Roxby object. Twisting is a regular feature of Middle Bronze Age gold bar ornaments in Britain and Ireland, and in general this may offer the best context. Although most commonly of square section, such ornaments can occasionally have a triangular section (Eogan 1994, 53-7). Also unusual is the intermittent nature of the twisting, but very occasional parallels can be found. It is possible that intermittent twisting may in some cases indicate that an ornament had not been finished. The hoard from Cappeen, Co Cork, is particularly relevant to the Risby-cum-Roxby fragment in containing these two unusual features, albeit on separate objects: a fully twisted neckring of triangular section and an intermittently twisted bracelet, or rod, of square-section (Eogan 1994, 63 fig. 27A).



This can be accepted as a probable fragment from a Bronze Age ornament, although not necessarily from a finished piece. Consequently, in terms of age and as the item contains a minimum of 10% gold it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.





Dr S.P. Needham



Department of Prehistory & Europe



British Museum",3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2004-08-31T23:00:00Z,,2004T490,,14.4,,,3.1,200,1,Stuart Needham,,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Roxby cum Risby,SE9417,,53.64108035,-0.57964636,BM-25EFE8,,00054815_001.JPG,"Bronze Age, gold rod fragment, Risby-cum-Roxby, North Lincolnshire, Treasure, 2004T490",The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mrainbow/00054815_001.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181143.jpg
1063625,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"Small penannular ring comprising a plain round to oval-sectioned hoop with flat terminals.  The interior of the hoop and the flat terminal surfaces have not been polished.



Gold content approximately 82%. The specific gravity at 16 is not low enough to indicate that the ring has a base metal core.","The object is a well-known Bronze Age type, decorative in character, dating to circa 1150-750BC.",3,Gold,,Declared Treasure but returned to Finder as Museum unable to acquire,Metal detector,2004-07-31T23:00:00Z,,2004T295,,5.6,,14.5,4,,1,Gillian Varndell,,South East,Hampshire,Havant,Emsworth,SU7407,,50.85778748,-0.95001104,BM-275770,,00065569_001.jpg,"Late Bronze Age gold penannular ring, Havant, Hampshire, Treasure, 2004T295, front.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mrainbow/00065569_001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181173.jpg
1063635,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Bracelet 1



A complete and well crafted penannular bracelet with a band of thin, ‘C’ section. The section is, however, thickest at the centre, thinner, rounded and highly polished along the edges. The band tapers gently towards the squared off terminals, which are defined by a narrow beading created by turning the metal outward slightly. 



The bracelet has many dents and scratches visible under magnification. Slight compression of the band around the middle has caused limited distortion and misalignment of the terminals. One of the latter is damaged by a small nick.



Diameter 78 x 67 mm;  width band at terminals 15.5 mm;  maximum width band (undistorted) 18.5 mm;  thickness edges c. 0.7 mm;  weight 47.3 g



Bracelet 2



A complete and highly polished penannular bracelet with band of near ‘D’ section, but the inner face is marginally hollowed. The band tapers gently towards either end then expands into oval, buffer-like terminals with flat ends; the expansion is slightly asymmetric, bulging externally. There are many tiny dents and scratches visible under magnification.



Diameter 68.5 x 54 mm;  width band 7.0 – 5.5 mm;  thickness band 4.3 – 3.2 mm;  terminals 8.5 x 6 mm, 8 x 6 mm;  weight 53.1 g","Both may be compared with Late Bronze Age styles of bracelet, but of very different types. No 2 is the more regular type and is widely distributed in Britain. Bracelet no 1 is much more unusual; its closest British parallel is a new find from Donhead St Mary, Hampshire, which is a reworked bracelet slightly thickened at the terminals rather than out-turned (Treasure case 2005T1). A group of three C-section bracelets in a hoard from Matignon in Brittany are similar (Eluère 1982, 181 fig.169). The Tisbury hoard, Wiltshire, includes two bracelets again with broad C-section bands, but these have large tongue-shaped terminals very different from the vestigial ones at Gisburn (Eogan 1994, pl.11 nos 4&5). 



In addition to having an unusual form, bracelet no 1 has an unparalleled composition. Taking account of the specific gravity of the piece and the preferential loss of copper at the surface due to corrosion, the scientific work makes it clear that this object had either an extremely low gold content throughout, or a thickish coating of gold around a base-metal core. Neither of these compositions has been encountered in Bronze Age goldwork before.



These two bracelets broadly conform to types known in the Late Bronze Age of Britain and north-west Europe, one (D-section) being more common than the other. Certain typological details and the composition of bracelet no 1, however, cannot as yet be matched among Bronze Age metalwork. Without cutting a section for full metallographic analysis, it is not possible to be more specific about its internal composition, but even the surface composition is highly unusual.



Dr S.P. Needham



Department of Prehistory & Europe



British Museum",3,Gold,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2004-07-31T23:00:00Z,,2004T317,,,,,,,2,Stuart Needham,,North West,Lancashire,Ribble Valley,Rimington,SD8346,,53.90987165,-2.26026562,BM-27DFCC,,00055093_001.JPG,"Late Bronze Age uncertain, one of two gold bracelets, Gisburn, Lancashire, Treasure, 2004T317, front, view 2.",The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mrainbow/00055093_001.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181190.jpg
1063643,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"Small penannular gold ring with decorative narrow banding in yellow and paler gold. The external surfaces are very worn. Visual inspection suggested that the piece consists of a gold covering over a base metal core; this was confirmed by scientific analysis.

This is a well known Late Bronze Age type, decorative in character, dating to circa 1150-750 BC.",,3,Gold,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Controlled archaeological investigation,2004-04-01T00:00:00Z,2004-04-30T00:00:00Z,2004T321,,3.24,,15,,,1,,,Eastern,Norfolk,Great Yarmouth,Ormesby St. Margaret with Scratby,TG5015,,52.6749816,1.69663298,BM-284683,,00054219_001.JPG,"Bronze Age, gold penannular ring, East Norfolk, Treasure, 2004T321, view 1.",The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mrainbow/00054219_001.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181206.jpg
1063661,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1275,-1150,"Circumstances of discovery: Four Bronze Age bronze implements were found during a metal-detecting rally. Three have been reported as potential Treasure; the fourth, made by a different finder, should also be submitted for consideration. The three submitted were located at depths between 1 and 4 inches (2.5 &ndash; 10 cm) on cultivated land. They were found in an approximate line at intervals of about 25 feet (8 m) &ndash; hence 50 feet overall. The alignment was noted to be that of the direction of ploughing.

Descriptions: Condition of the palstaves (nos 1 &amp; 2) is good, the socketed axe, less so. Deep green to blackish patinas are largely intact, but there is scattered pock-scarring.

1. Looped palstave: Patina intact over part of butt and much of flange crests; cutting edge and blade tips totally corrosion chipped. Flanges triangular; stop projects beyond a little and has convex-profiled underside. Stout trident-rib motif &ndash; the outer ribs slightly bowed and point of convergence low on blade; stem below is diffuse. Strong edge bevel with slight blade tip hollows. Hammer-dimpling on faces and sides.

Extant length 154 mm ; extant width cutting edge 51.7 mm; breadth at stop 36.8 mm; width butt 24.5 mm; thickness septum base 12 mm; thickness edge bevel 12 mm; depth edge bevel 18 mm; weight 485.5 g

2. Looped palstave: Butt corner intact &ndash; adjacent notch may be due to poor casting. Two flanges intact, two corrosion damaged. Stretch of cutting edge retains patina, but is rounded rather than sharp. Flanges convex-triangular in shape; stop projects beyond a little and has convex-profiled underside. Stout trident-rib motif &ndash; the outer ribs slightly bowed. Strong edge bevel, hammering having caused blade tip hollows; however, tips have then been neatly squared off in finishing. Some hammer rippling, especially on edge bevel.

Extant length 149.5 mm; width cutting edge 47.8 mm; width butt 24.5 mm; breadth at stop 32 mm; thickness septum base 11.5 mm; thickness edge bevel 12.8 mm; depth edge bevel 11 mm; weight 418.8 g

3. Socketed axe: Half of one face and of one side missing - ?eaten away by corrosion. Cutting edge and blade tips totally corrosion chipped. Flat deep mouth-moulding. Corroded lump on one side of moulding, 4 mm across, likely to be stump of a loop. Both faces and sides have convex profile, but they still meet at well defined body angles. Intact side shows light linear features parallel to fine central casting flash remnant. Inner edge of mouth top also carries thin casting flash. Diffuse edge bevel. Socket tapers steadily and asymmetrically to wedge-like end.

Extant length 111 mm; extant width cutting edge 37.6 mm; extant width mouth 33.8 mm; breadth mouth 29.5 mm; depth socket 79 mm; weight 217.9 g.

Discussion:&nbsp;Of the three submitted objects, the two palstaves are of the Transitional type typical of the Penard metalworking assemblage, circa 1275 &ndash; 1150 BC. The socketed axe is an early flat-collar form; it does not have the gracile proportions of the Taunton-Hademarschen axes and instead is entirely in keeping with Penard socketed axe styles. A good parallel may be found, for example, in the Wallington hoard, Northumberland (Burgess 1968, 13 fig. 9.14), now datable to the Penard phase.

The three reported bronzes can therefore be attributed to the same phase of the Bronze Age and could well have been deposited at the same time. Although well separated, their linear alignment admits the possibility that they were plough dispersed from close proximity to one another.","It is likely that the objects form a single find of Middle&nbsp;Bronze Age&nbsp;date, which&nbsp;qualifies the group&nbsp;as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 (Designation Order 2002).",3,Copper alloy,,Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2004-09-01T00:00:00Z,2004-09-30T00:00:00Z,2004T401,,1122.2,,,,,3,,,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Thornham,TF7343,,52.95647202,0.57396722,BM-297D6C,,00064445_001.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age base-metal hoard, looped palstave, Thornham, Norfolk, Treasure, 2004T401, no1side",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mrainbow/00064445_001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181232.jpg
1063702,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"A heavily worn and incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave axehead of Transitional or Late type, dating to the Penard or Wilburton phase (MBA III to LBA I; 1100 - 900 BC).



Description: The butt end is rounded. The flanges begin about a third of the way along the butt's length. The cleft between the flanges is relatively smother perhaps from use. There is a significant casting fault in one side of the butt, rectangular in shape. The casting seem is visible along the sides of the axehead, though some effort to reduce it appears to have taken place. The stop is pronounced and overhangs a little which accentuates the wasting effect of the blade's flare. The stop has right-angled corners with the flanges. The loop is on one side which arcs over the position on the stop. The blade is long, thin and narrow and extends extensively before flaring out at the blade end. There is a slight ridge down the centre of each wide face of the blade.



The axehead is has a heavily mottled patination. Within the flanges it has a dark grey-green patination, towards the butt end and along the flanges it has a much lighter green-white corrosion cause by wear and corrosion. The blade end is a medium mid green colour. There are some areas of historic damage across the blade indicated by their patination.



Total Measurements: 135.9mm long, 38.67mm at widest (28.03mm wide at stop-ridge without loop) 20.72mm thick and 450g in weight",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,450,,,20.72,135.9,1,Jo Ahmet,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Denton with Wootton,TR2145,GPS (from the finder),51.16154184,1.15936753,KENT-39B440,,KENT39B4402.jpg,Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave axehead,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lrogerson/KENT39B4402.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181383.jpg
1063788,Razor,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"Incomplete Middle Bronze Age to&nbsp;Late Bronze Age copper alloy razor with part of the tang&nbsp;missing. The tip is complete but bent and there is slight damage to the cutting edges which otherwise remain quite sharp. A round hole is cenrally placed near the springing of the tang, cf. DOR-EBFA4D, SUR-E3AEB2 and SUR-B3BDBB. Weight 8.4g. Length 61mm. Width 27mm. Thickness 1.1mm. c.1400 - c.800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,2022-05-01T00:00:00Z,,,8.4,,,1.1,61,1,,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,East Walton,TF7415,,52.70470067,0.57392419,NMS-3C4594,,PFd_29673_3C4594_SB052022AR_BA_Razor.jpg,Incomplete Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age razor,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_29673_3C4594_SB052022AR_BA_Razor.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1187370.jpg
1063875,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy axehead (c.2400-1150 BC), probably a palstave. The blade begins at a break and broadens towards the tip, both surfaces are undecorated. The fragment is curved which has created one convex and one concave face. The convex face has a tranverse crack or tear on the blade (8.7mm long with the central deeper portion 4.3mm long) and the surface is covered in scratches which do not seem to be in a consistent direction. The concave face is also covered in fine scratches aligned parallel to the edges. The break on this side has a slight bulge running the width of the break where it has been bent and broken. 



Width (max blade): 51.4mm



Width (min): 34.6mm



Thickness (max): 11.2mm



Thickness (min): 4.2mm","Images are drafts and will be edited.



Edward Caswell comments: At the broadest interpretation this could be the blade of a palstave or a flat axehead dating c.2400-1150 cal BC. Being a bit more risky I’d lean towards palstave and probably a later variety due to its width (c.1400-1150 cal BC) based on the dimensions and blade shape, but that’s very much a feel thing based on the ones I’ve seen.



Peter Reavill comments: I agree with Edward Caswell but I might be even more cautious and suggest that it is a tool blade, given the narrow width and thicknesses involved. With those dimensions I wonder if we might be dealing with a tanged chisel. The break is noteworthy - from the profile it has either been used as a lever and broken through use (the equivalent of using a screwdriver to open a tin of stubborn paint) or possibly more likely, evidence of deliberate destruction.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,2022-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,111.6,,,11.2,46.8,1,Jenny Durrant,Jenny Durrant,South East,West Sussex,Chichester,Lurgashall,SU9330,From finder,51.06181564,-0.67426599,HAMP-3DEA84,,HAMP3DEA8402.jpg,AXEHEAD - An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy axehead.,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rod/HAMP3DEA8402.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1204118.jpg
1063914,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-1900,"A complete but worn, decorated Early Bronze Age developed flat axehead dating to c.2000-1900 cal BC.



The axehead has a narrow butt (c.27mm wide) which has a rounded terminal. From this point is widens in a smooth concave curve to its point of maximum width and its blade tips (c.83mm). The blade is a shallow crescent shape and appears to have been bevelled on one side from sharpening. The opposite surface’s patina is too chipped to determine whether it too was sharpened or whether the blade has marks from use.



The axehead is lozenge shaped in profile thickening from its butt and blade to a proto stop bevel that is placed c.69mm down its length from the butt. The bevel is shallow but clearly visible.



Both surfaces of the axehead have traces of worn incised decoration. On both sides this consists of incised dashes placed in a zig zag lines running down the length of the blade creating a shallow transverse herring bone design. These lines fill the width of the body where they are placed. On the least damaged surface this pattern is visible from 43.6mm after the butt and ends 56mm before the blade. The opposite surface may have covered a similar extent but is too pitted, chipped and worn to be certain.



The axehead has a glossy light green, sometimes brown patina that is abraded and chipped in several places.



The axehead is 170mm long, 83mm wide, 12.8mm thick at the bevel and weighs 419 grams.



The dimensions of this axehead have been recorded following the protocol established by Needham (2017). The ratios of these dimensions match that of class 4C Type Mount Pleasant and whose depictions match the form of this example. This form is suggested to date to c.2000-1900 cal BC (Needham 2017: 26).","Appendix 1: Measurements to Needham’s (2018) specifications and associated ratios




	

		

			
Dimension

			
L

			
LB

			
DE

			
WB

			
LC

			
W2

			
W3

			
WE

			
MO

			
LC'

			
MT

		

		

			
Measurement

			
170

			
155

			
15

			
27

			
142

			
28

			
55

			
83

			
10

			
90

			
12.8

		

		

			
Ratio

			
RWB

			
RWB'

			
RWE

			
RDE

			
EH

			
RW3

			
RMO

			
ASC

			
MRW

			
RBS

			
RHF

		

		

			
Calculated value

			
0.325301

			
0.158824

			
0.488235

			
0.180723

			
0.006452

			
0.354839

			
0.070423

			
0.529412

			
0.709677

			
0.457143

			
0",3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-04-07T23:00:00Z,2022-04-07T23:00:00Z,,,419,,,12.8,170,1,Edward Caswell,Edward Caswell,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Glympton,SP4219,From finder,51.86800279,-1.39141916,OXON-4DDC19,,OXON4DDC19.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON4DDC19.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181484.jpg
1063942,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"An incomplete copper alloy, tip from a spearhead, probably of Middle Bronze Age period, dating from c. BC 1500 to c. BC 1150.



The object is broadly triangular in plan and broadly lozenge shaped in cross section. The object has a blunt point at the top, which seems to have sustained some damage. From the point the sides of the object taper out, ensuring the object is wider at the base. There is a central raised ridge running vertically down the middle of the spear head, this appears on both sides. There is an old horizontal break at the base of the object, probably indicating the spear was broken in antiquity. There are traces of small sides loops. There is damage to both edges of the blade.



It measures 59.8 mm in length, 14.2 mm wide (base), 11.6 mm wide (tip) and 11.8 mm thick. The walls are 2.5 mm thick. The side loops are 14.6 mm long by 3.0 mm wide. They extend 2.5 mm away from the body of the spear head. The socket has a surviving depth of 53.7 mm. It weighs 18.5 g.



The spear head is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



This object has lost most of it's diagnostic features and as a result further classification is difficult. However similar spearhead fragments have been recorded on the database, including SWYOR-1F74C1, SF-C557DC and WMID-270D2F. All have been dated to the Middle Bronze Age.",The 3D model has been generated using the mobile phone scanning application Qlone.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2017-09-16T23:00:00Z,2017-09-16T23:00:00Z,,,18.5,,,11.8,59.8,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Fazeley,SK1803,From finder,52.62446714,-1.73552837,WMID-5003D2,,wmid5003d2.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/wmid5003d2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1189054.jpg
1063976,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1500,"Fragment of the blade end of a Bronze Age axehead, probably a flat axehead. The cutting edge is convex and complete, apart from a small fragment missing from a non-recent break. At the other end the object terminates in a non-recent transverse break. The side edges are transversally convex and longitudinally concave as they flare out to meet the tips of the cutting edge. The axehead is necessarily thicker at the break than at the blade. Viewed side-on, the edges taper convexly to meet at a point at the cutting edge.



The surface of the metal is patinated dark and mid-green, and is also notably crazed (covered with a network of fine cracks) on both faces and side edges, probably as a result of burning. The cracks on one face are patinated bright green. On the face of the transverse break there are traces of red-brown patination. c. 2350-1500 BC



Length (cutting edge to transverse break): 43.9mm. Width (span of cutting edge): 51.0mm. Thickness: 10.4mm. Weight: 84.9g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-07T00:00:00Z,2022-01-14T00:00:00Z,,,84.9,,,10.4,43.9,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Yelverton,TG2802,From finder,52.56801176,1.36288188,NMS-51B28A,,PFd_65344_51B28A_INDRC04032022AW_BA_FlatAxehead.jpg,Bronze Age flat axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_65344_51B28A_INDRC04032022AW_BA_FlatAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181542.jpg
1064031,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"Copper alloy awl/point that is a long thin rod that has an expanded waist one third of the way down its length, from here both side tapers to a point. The shorter side (form the expansion) is 18mm long with a rectangular cross section that narrows to a flat terminal; this side may have been used as a tang and could have been inserted into a socket. The longer side is 25mm long and has a square cross-section that tapes to a rounded point. Date 2150 BC - 800 BC",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-03T00:00:00Z,2022-03-07T00:00:00Z,,,,,,4,43,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Dumbleton,SP0235,From finder,52.01342463,-1.97227004,GLO-57F6D4,,GLO57F6D4.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO57F6D4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181588.jpg
1064077,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1000,800,"A Bronze Age solid copper alloy casting jet, possibly dating to c 1000-800 BC.  It is of flattened conical form. The base is very slightly concave and very rough.



Dimensions: 19.1mm in height; base 33.8mm in circumference; 60.52g in weight.



cf SUR-8C72EE on the PAS database: This type of object is the result of casting into a two piece mould and represents waste where molten bronze solidifies at the entrance of the mould around the gate and the two casting channels. Casting waste is difficult to date, but fragments with this shape are characteristic of the casting of socketed axes of late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC) type.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,60.52,19.1,33.8,,,1,Jane Hanbidge,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Gloucestershire,Cotswold,Siddington,SU0298,,51.6807603,-1.97247176,WILT-808745,,WILT808745.jpg,WILT-808745,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILT808745.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1186707.jpg
1064082,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-800,"An extremely corroded and abraded fragment of a Bronze Age cast copper alloy axehead of uncertain type. The fragment is 46mm in length, with a flat cross section and a sub rectangular shape with parallel sides. The side profile tapers from a maximum thickness of 10mm at the rear edge. A void or casting flaw is evident at the centre of the rear edge.","
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.
",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,57.19,,,10,46,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,West Berkshire,West Berkshire,Bucklebury,SU5571,From finder,51.43533759,-1.21016484,SUR-8CFE39,,SUR8CFE39.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR8CFE39.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181616.jpg
1064295,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl with&nbsp;a tapering rectangular-sectioned tang and a circular-sectioned blade. Length 51.7mm. Maximum width 4mm. Maximum thickness 3.5mm. Diameter 4mm. Weight 4.7g. c.1000 to c.700&nbsp;BC.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,2022-05-01T00:00:00Z,,,4.7,,4,3.5,51.7,1,,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Congham,TF7123,,52.77750198,0.53373441,NMS-941F3E,,PFd_31073_941F3E_SB052022AR_BA_Awl.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_31073_941F3E_SB052022AR_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1187384.jpg
1064435,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Two objects from a Late Bronze Age hoard; according to TAR 2004, p. 40, no. 28, these are additional to a hoard first discovered in 2001. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Catalogue

1. Bronze Age copper alloy spear head. Leaf shaped blade with bevelled edges, rounded socket continuing smoothly as rounded central rib to the tip. Brown patina with patches of thick, orange ?iron deposit along the join between the mid rib and blade and inside the socket. Side holes on socket 6mm diameter. Slight damage on the edge of the blade. Part of the socket is squashed. External diameter of socket 26mm. Length of blade90mm, total length 117mm. Probably Late Bronze Age. Similar example from the Reach Fen hoard, Cambridgeshire in Inventaria Archaeologica, G.B. 17 3 (2) no. 5.&nbsp;

2. Bronze Age fragment of copper alloy sword. Broken at both ends and bent. Brown patina with patches of green and very small patches of orange ?iron deposit. About half the original surface is roughened / missing. Bevelled edges. Length 73mm (unbent), width 29 - 35mm, thickness (at max.) 9mm. Surface and edge of blades damaged.&nbsp;",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure,Metal detector,2004-10-01T00:00:00Z,2004-10-31T00:00:00Z,2004T441,,,,,,,2,,,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,North Tuddenham,TG0512,,52.66692988,1.03024041,BM-A530B3,,00064564_001.jpg,"Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spear- head, North Tuddenham, Norfolk, Treasure, 2004T441, front",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mrainbow/00064564_001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1181888.jpg
1064577,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1250,"A complete palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating, probably of the Acton Park/Arreton phase, c 1500 - c. 1250 cal BC.



Around 90% of the palstave is present, with the blade and butt incomplete. The septum gradually tapers towards the butt. The flanges start off parallel to the stop ridge and taper in a straight diagonal line to the butt. The blade has concave sides as it expands towards a crescentic blade edge. The blade is longer than the butt. No decoration is visible on the blade of the palstave. No casting flaws seem to be present. The blade edge is incomplete, with the cutting edge no longer present. Slight traces of the casting seam are visible along one of the blade sides. No loop, shield or knick are present.



Measurements:

Overall Length: 153.5 mm

Maximum Width: 55.00 mm

Maximum thickness: 31.5 mm

Septum Length: 63.4 mm

Butt width: 19.8 mm

Butt thickness: 5.1 mm

Flange Height: 10.3 mm

Stop ridge height: 12.1 mm

Blade length: 92.9 mm

Blade width (stop ridge): 25.4 mm

Blade width (edge): 54.9 mm

Blade thickness: 4.4 mm

Weight: 432.3 g



The palstave is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement while within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of most of the original surface.



This palstave fits within the Early Phase Palstave types, consistent with dating between c. 1500 to C. 1250 cal BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,432.2,,,31.5,153.5,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,South Staffordshire,Essington,SJ9501,From finder,52.60675815,-2.07526637,WMID-B8C748,,wmidb8c748.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Complete palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/wmidb8c748.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1182090.jpg
1064590,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"A complete palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating, probably of the Wantage type, part of Acton Park / Taunton phase, c 1400 - c. 1150 cal BC.



Around 95% of the palstave is present, with the butt incomplete. The septum is straight and does not taper towards the butt. The flanges start off parallel to the stop ridge and taper in a straight diagonal line to the butt. The blade has straight sides as it expands towards a crescentic blade edge. The blade is longer than the butt. A shield design (trident variation) is present at the top of the blade, with one central ridge and two inward curving lines starting at the stop right and curving inwards to the central line. The line continues below the shield shape. A slight crack, as a casting flaw is present below the stop ridge on the blade facet. The top of the blade facet is straight across the blade. Slight traces of the casting seam are visible along both sides of the butt. No loop or knick are present.



Measurements:

Overall Length: 159 mm

Maximum Width: 59.0 mm

Maximum thickness: 35.5 mm

Septum Length: 68.9 mm

Butt width: 19.8 mm

Butt thickness: 5.3 mm

Flange Height: 12.1 mm

Stop ridge height: 12.1 mm

Blade length: 90.1 mm

Blade width (stop ridge): 25.0 mm

Blade width (edge): 59.0 mm

Blade thickness: 3.3 mm

Weight: 458.5 g



The palstave is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. 



This palstave fits within the Group 3 Palstave types, consistent with dating between c. 1400 to C. 1150 cal BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,458.5,,,35.5,159,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Little Ness,SJ4121,From finder,52.78333784,-2.87619967,WMID-B938CA,,WMIDB938CA.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Complete shield patterned palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDB938CA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1182059.jpg
1064698,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete possibly copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed chisel or socketed axehead dating to&nbsp;c. 1150 - 800 cal BC.&nbsp;

The socket is oval in&nbsp;cross section and measures 23.76mm in width. The object tapers in&nbsp;thickness from its socket to a flat &#39;blade&#39; end that is sub-triangular in form and measures 43.35mm in width,&nbsp;with one side diagonal and one side straight, now broken,&nbsp;indicating&nbsp;that this end widened outwards either side to form a trapezodial or crescentic shape. The patina is a green - dark green in colour with some areas of lighter copper-alloy corrosion which fits with an earlier Bronze Age date.&nbsp;

The object is highly unusual and very rare. There are no comparable axes in the corpus of axes covering northern Britain by Schmidt and Burgess (1981) and neither are there comparable socketed chisels in the corpus of woodworking tools in southern England by Lee (2014). However, Eogan (2000, 215-16 and Plate 111) highlights the few examples found in Ireland with one parallel with the provenance only of &quot;County Armagh&quot; being the closest (No. U15).. A similar object can be seen in&nbsp;SUSS-CA3F71 which is dated to the Late Bronze Age. Similar objects have also come up in hoards from&nbsp;this period. See&nbsp;LANCUM-A5AF1B object number 5 for a similar comparison from a Late Bronze Age hoard from Lancaster.&nbsp;

References

Eogan, G., 2000.&nbsp;The Socketed Bronze Axes in Ireland. Pr&auml;historische Bronzefunde IX, 22. Stuttgart.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,60.07,,,18.26,80.96,1,,Tasha Fullbrook,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Merryn,SW8673,,50.51756903,-5.02009538,CORN-BD1691,,UnidentifiedobjectpossiblyBA.jpg,unidentified  object,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tashamfullbrook/UnidentifiedobjectpossiblyBA.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1182193.jpg
1064769,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,A possible copper-alloy fragment of a Bronze Age spearhead. The object is a squashed tube with vertical ribs on either side. The ends of the object are broken and heavily abraded.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,14.57,,,11.8,25.7,1,,Philip Smither,South East,Buckinghamshire,Wycombe,Ibstone,SU7691,,51.61270976,-0.90380379,BERK-CCBBFF,,BERKCCBBFF.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERKCCBBFF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1184024.jpg
1064782,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,POST MEDIEVAL,,,"
A corroded cast copper alloy casting jet or ""gate"" with a flattened skewed conical shape with a single sprue projection at the off-centre tip. The surfaces are textured with distinctive ripple marks and striations from cooling melt. This type of object is the result of casting into a mould and represents waste where molten bronze solidifies at the entrance of the mould around the gate and the casting channel(s).



Casting waste is difficult to date, and can potentially be prehistoric to post medieval.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,39.73,,,17.2,30.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Moulsford,SU5883,From finder,51.54292534,-1.16504412,SUR-CD1211,,SURCD1211.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURCD1211.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1182391.jpg
1064851,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A fragment of copper alloy blade, probably a rapier or dirk dating to the middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1300 BC).



The blade has a pentagonal shape that narrows along the length of the blade. It is thin with a shallow lentoid section and a slightly bevelled surface towards the blade edge. All the sides are worn with incomplete edges. Overall, the surface has a smooth dark green patina.



Dimensions: Length 60.72mm; width (top) 30.68mm; width (lower blade) 16.45mm; thickness 2.25mm; weight 15.6g



The fragmentary condition of the object makes typological identification indeterminate.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-02-05T00:00:00Z,,,,15.6,,,2.25,60.72,1,Heather Beeton,Heather Beeton,Wales,Denbighshire,Denbighshire,Llanarmon-yn-Ial,SJ2156,Centred on parish,53.095335,-3.18120667,LVPL-CE20A7,,LVPLCE20A7.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPLCE20A7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1184911.jpg
1065274,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A fragment of Bronze Age socketed axe, dating to c. 1500 - 800 BC. Possibly a fragment of socketed axehead. The fragment that remains is the blade end of the axehead with an uneven torn break cutting across its body. Beyond the break the axe widens in smooth concave curves to the blade edge which is crescent shaped. 

Length: 60.8 mm

Width: 48.6 mm

Thickness: 10.2 mm

Weight: 68.17 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,68.17,,,10.2,60.8,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Charnwood,Rothley,SK5712,GPS (from the finder),52.70268017,-1.1578904,LEIC-2326ED,,2326ED.jpg,Socketed axehead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/2326ED.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1182651.jpg
1065444,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-801,"Copper-alloy awl, probably of late Bronze Age date. It is circular in cross-section for just over half its length, and then flattens to a rectangular cross-section. The circular-section area&nbsp;tapers gently and smoothly from 5.0mm in diameter in the centre to 3.8mm in diameter at the end, which has a worn break. The rectangular-section area maintains the width, flaring slightly to 5.4mm,&nbsp;but flattens to 1.5mm thick at the blunt, perhaps incomplete, chisel-like end, which is slightly curved&nbsp;in the direction of one of the larger faces. This bend has not caused any stress to the metal, so may be original. The object is in good, relatively unworn condition with&nbsp;a dark green patina and crisp, sharp arrises. The total length is&nbsp;65.7mm and the&nbsp;weight 7.4g.

Copper-alloy awls are generally thought of as Late Bronze Age in date, 1000 to 800 BC. Compare&nbsp;NMS-6FB233,&nbsp;WMID-7999D4, LEIC-711C38 and BH-1C99CD for the smooth shape and clean lines; SF-211AE4,&nbsp;BERK-44881E and HESH-ED08F3 for the slight bend.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-07-28T00:00:00Z,2019-07-28T00:00:00Z,,,7.4,,,5,65.7,1,,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Winfarthing,TM1185,,52.42226145,1.10168549,NMS-361B9B,,PFd_62922_361B9B_INDTL10032020HG_BA_Awl.jpg,Probably Late Bronze Age probably awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_62922_361B9B_INDTL10032020HG_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1193254.jpg
1065503,Hoard,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Catalogue:






	

		

			

			
SF No.

			

			

			
Description

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0001

			

			

			
Cu-alloy socketed mortising chisel (lower section only). 28.97g. 64mm. Cf Davey 1973 no. 416. and Cheetham 1977 Pl. 6 no. 17. 24.09.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0002

			

			

			
Cu-alloy socketed axehead (looped rim section only). Loop is sealed by casting flash still in situ. 8.83g. 38mm 24.09.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0003

			

			

			
Cu-alloy ingot section. 290g.* 70mm. 24.09.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0004

			

			

			
Cu-alloy ingot section. 55.39g. 34mm. 24.09.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0005

			

			

			
Cu-alloy ingot section. 50.94g. 29mm. 24.09.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0006

			

			

			
Cu-alloy ingot section. 47.43g. 29mm. 24.09.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0007

			

			

			
Cu-alloy ingot section. 25.57g. 34mm. 24.09.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0008

			

			

			
Cu-alloy ingot section. 25.87g. 26mm. 24.09.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0009

			

			

			
Cu-alloy ingot section. 35.15g. 37mm. 24.09.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0010

			

			

			
Cu-alloy ingot section. 45.41g. 32mm. 24.09.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0011

			

			

			
Cu-alloy fragment. Possibly from artefact. 9.16g 32mm. 04.10.03

			

			

			
			

		

		

			

			
BAG1-0012

			

			

			
Cu-alloy casting waste. Association with group not certain. 21.47g. 37mm. 04.10.03

			

			

			
			

		

	









*( To nearest 5g.)","Background to Discovery. 





In 1947 a local farmworker found a looped and socketed axehead whilst engaged in agricultural work. The location is approximately 2 kilometres SW of another the LBA hoard found in the 1990s. 



     The find was reported to a local historian, who recorded the axehead. Subsequently this gentleman facilitated the donation of the axehead to Colchester Museum, which acquired it in 1961, accession no. 280.61. The museum has since lost the find.



     At some time in the 1990s, the historian directed a local metal detectorist, to the location and with the consent of the landowner a metal detector search was made of the area. A further complete axehead together with several fragmentary ones and a number of ingot pieces were consequently recovered. Subsequently the detectorist died, and no further searching of the field was carried out. It is however believed that treasure hunters also accessed this field, and thus it is probable that diagnostic metalwork has been removed without record.



     Of the pieces that do survive, and which are detailed in the following catalogue, it is clear that the find represents another of the now ubiquitous Ewart Park Phase scrap hoards. It should be noted that the material as shown to the writer was loose in a box with other metal detector finds, and with nothing to indicate the original association of any of the finds. All that were clearly or apparently of LBA date were outsorted, but it follows that the items illustrated are only presumed to be associated and a part of the same deposit. 





LBA Hoard Catalogue, Earlier Finds





001. Axehead, socketed with loop. 140g.* 111x48x32. Plain mouth, slight chamfer to edge with vestige of casting flash on top of rim. Slight horizontal moulding coinciding with loop top. Upper body of slightly rounded octagonal section. The blade is asymmetrical, with one tip being some 5mm higher than the other. The middle section of the blade is blunted, possibly in antiquity. Both casting seams are evident, and are amplified by the mould halves having been slightly offset. Cf Schmidt & Burgess 1981 ‘Meldreth’ type.



002. Axehead, socketed with loop (upper section only). 104.61g. 50x42x36. Mouth with rounded moulding, two narrow horizontal mouldings below coinciding with the loop top. Two indents are evident in the inner rim at 12 and 3 o’clock, and possibly corresponding characteristics at 6 and 9. Both casting seams evident. The axehead has been broken by repeated blows to the mid-body section on both sides, using an implement that has produced round impact pits of 3-4mm width.



003. Axehead, socketed (upper body fragment). Probably looped. 46.61g. 70x44x9. Mouth with narrow rounded moulding, two narrow horizontal mouldings below. Two moulded opposed crescents below. Horizontal moulded cross rib on internal face 62mm below top. The axehead has been subjected to heavy crushing impacts to the rim resulting in cracking and flattening.



004. Axehead, socketed (upper body fragment). Probably looped. 23.01g. 68x24x13. Mouth with rounded moulding, rounded horizontal moulding below. Narrow casting seam amplified by slight offset of moulds.



005. Uncertain object (fragment). 16.38g. 27x25x17. Square section with hole in one face, probably a casting flaw. Patination consistent with other items in the group, so presumed to be associated.



006. Ingot (fragment). 245g.* 58x38x28. From a plano-convex ingot.



007. Ingot (fragment). 210g.* 52x38x24. Probably from a plano-convex ingot. One surface is heavily pitted, deriving presumably from an aspect of the casting process.



008. Ingot (fragment). 55.01g. 33x22x22. Possibly from a plano-convex ingot.



009. Ingot (fragment). 28.29g. 32x25x11. Rim section of a small plano-convex ingot.



010. Ingot (fragment). 22.74g. 27x25x14. Rim section of a plano-convex ingot.





*To nearest 5g.",3,Copper alloy,,Donated to museum after being declared Treasure,Metal detector,2003-08-31T23:00:00Z,2003-09-30T23:00:00Z,2003T340,,,,,,,12,Mike Cuddeford,,Eastern,Essex,Uttlesford,Aythorpe Roding,TL6116,,51.81943519,0.3345039,BM-38312B,,00075000_001.jpg,"Late Bronze Age, base metal group, High Easter Essex, Treasure, 2003T340",The British Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mrainbow/00075000_001.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1182812.jpg
1065649,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A complete Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy unlooped palstave, dating to 1500 - 1300 BC. The blade of the palstave is broadly sub-triangular in plan with relatively straight (but with slightly expanded) sides and a expanding convex cutting edge (fantailed). In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. Directly below the stop ridge on both sides is a concave depression which is divided vertically in the centre by a raised rib. The rear part of the axe, from the stop ridge to the butt, is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part behind the stop ridge, it has a central rectangular shaped septum. The object has a dark green patina. The blade of the axe is quite worn.

Length: 167 mm

Width: 67 mm

Thickness: 34.2 mm

Weight: 569 g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,569,,,34.2,167,1,Megan Gard,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Melton,Hoby with Rotherby,SK6519,GPS (from the finder),52.76469867,-1.03813133,LEIC-4B5776,,4B5776.jpg,Palstave unlooped,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/4B5776.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1182905.jpg
1066081,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1500,"Very small Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze Age copper alloy&nbsp;flanged&nbsp;axehead of the Arreton phase, complete apart from the butt edge (fairly recent damage), one end of the wide crescentic&nbsp;blade&nbsp;(an old break) and a small chip at the centre of the same (more recently removed). Some patches of decayed material&nbsp;adhere to the&nbsp;pale brown surfaces, but the cutting edge remains sharp. Weight 79.9g. Length 64.5mm. Extant width 40mm. Thickness 8.8mm. c.1800 - c.1500 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-04-13T00:00:00Z,2022-04-13T00:00:00Z,,,79.9,,,8.8,64.5,1,,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Feltwell,TL6992,,52.49971458,0.48825797,NMS-6620F2,,20220921_151008.jpg,,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jasongibbons/20220921_151008.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1197203.jpg
1066213,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-701,Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl&nbsp;with&nbsp;a tapering rectangular-sectioned tang and a circular-sectioned blade. In battered condition with much of the patinated surface lost. Weight 2.7g. Length 44.3mm. Width 4.5mm.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,2022-05-01T00:00:00Z,,,2.7,,,,44.3,1,,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Gayton,TF7218,,52.73228139,0.54592338,NMS-8C6556,,PFd_59727_8C6556_SB052022AR_BA_Awl.jpg,Late Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_59727_8C6556_SB052022AR_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1188371.jpg
1066240,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-2000,"A copper alloy flat axehead. A very small, possibly miniature axehead. It has a tapering, rounded butt. It is slightly thickened at the mid-point (possibly a proto stop-ridge). It flares, initially gently and then is stepped out into a wide, curved cutting edge which is thinned from the thickened mid-point. Then cutting edge is blunt and rounded. The axe has a flat sub-rectangular cross section with rounded short edges. There are no evident raised flanges. There is wear and damage on all faces. 

Date: Early Bronze Age - c. 2000 - 1700 BC

Dimensions: 61.28 mm x 24.92 mm x 8.35 mm

Weight: 48.54 g



Similar to HESH-A147C8 and WMID-0BA3F4",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,48.54,,,8.35,61.28,1,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Broadwindsor,ST4304,From finder,50.83271236,-2.81076058,DOR-A5B077,,DORA5B077.jpg,Early Bronze Age axehead,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DORA5B077.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1185037.jpg
1066253,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,"
A fragment of the blade edge of a Bronze Age cast copper alloy axehead or tool of uncertain type. The blade edge is slightly curved, with a triangular side profile, but only a fragment of the edge remains, with old breaks on all sides. It is unclear whether the blade broke during use or from post depositional processes. 
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.28,,,5.3,11.3,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Upton Grey,SU6949,From finder,51.23601999,-1.01304644,HAMP-B42235,,HAMPB42235.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPB42235.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1183382.jpg
1066254,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1150,"A fragment from a small blade of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1450-1150BC. The fragment is 17.6mm in length and 7.6mm wide with a flat lenticular cross section 1.4mm thick. The fragment tapers slightly to one end, which is rounded, suggesting that it comprises the tip of a small dirk.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,0.84,,,1.4,17.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Houghton,SU3333,From finder,51.0953641,-1.53013441,HAMP-B43A67,,HAMPB43A67.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPB43A67.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1183384.jpg
1066503,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age socketed leaf-shaped spearhead, 63.3mm in length. The socket is incomplete, 10.2mm in diameter, ending in an old transverse break. The socket tapers seamlessly into a thick rounded midrib which runs to the blade tip. The cross section is lenticular with a clear distinction between rounded midrib and the narrow, rounded wings.



It cannot be said for certain whether the form were side looped or pegged; however it most likely belongs to Davis' (2012, 2) 'developed side looped' Group 6 corresponding to the Acton Park and Taunton phases of the earlier Middle Bronze Age, c.1550-c.1250 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,22,,,10.2,63.3,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Sparsholt,SU4233,From finder,51.09477731,-1.40162025,SUR-C90EC2,,SURC90EC2.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURC90EC2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1183595.jpg
1066575,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a Bronze Age axehead of uncertain type, possibly a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead dating c. 1150-800 cal. BC.



The blade end of the axehead survives with a worn transverse break across the body above the tips.  The section is rectangular with no trace of a socket. The body flares slightly at the tips with a worn and damaged cutting edge. Where the original edge survives it is rounded and worn.



Measurements: length: 20.23mm; width at cutting edge:36.48mm; thickness: 8.77mm and weight: 22.26



Other similar examples include: OXON-5E9DA2, SF-AF2AA7 and  LEIC-EB5D97. This fragment which lacks traces of a socket such that it may be the edge of a Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave (e.g. SUSS-EC7134) axehead. However it may equally be a fragment from a Late Bronze Age socketed form (e.g. SUSS-E33637) which as broken just after the end of the socket.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-12-04T00:00:00Z,2021-12-04T00:00:00Z,,,22.26,,,8.77,20.23,1,Jane Clark,Jane Clark,South East,West Sussex,Adur,Coombes,TQ1806,From finder,50.84150417,-0.32543304,SUSS-CBA002,,SUSSCBA002.jpg,copper alloy axehead fragment,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSSCBA002.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1184066.jpg
1066602,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"A heavily abraded cast copper fragment from the socket of a late Bronze Age (c. 1100-800 BC) socketed axehead of uncertain type. The fragment in 27.9mm in length and comprises part of one lateral side of the socket, with a prominant casting ridge along the side and a corner suggesting that the socket had a sub rectangular shape.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.52,,,4.8,27.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,West Meon,SU6524,,51.01171726,-1.0748329,SUR-CC6598,,SURCC6598.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURCC6598.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1183621.jpg
1066702,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Copper-alloy awl, probably of late Bronze Age date. It is rectangular, very nearly square in cross-section throughout, and it is not obvious which end is the blade and which is the tang. It is fairly sharp at one end and blunter at the other; the blunt end may be a worn break. The thickest and widest point is just over a third of the distance from the blunt to the sharp end. From here it tapers in both dimensions and directions but not symmetrically: two adjacent faces remain fairly flat from tip to tip while the other two taper to meet their opposites at the tips.



Copper-alloy awls are generally thought of as Late Bronze Age in date, 1000 to 800 BC. They are often circular or round in cross-section at the blade. WILT-BC913A and SUR-BBF938 are other examples that have a square or sub-rectangular cross-section for most of their length.



Length: 66.7mm. Width 4.3. Thickness: 4.3mm. Weight: 6.0g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-04-08T23:00:00Z,2022-05-08T23:00:00Z,,,6,,,4.3,66.7,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Fincham,TF6906,From finder,52.62545313,0.49538668,NMS-CF90ED,,PFd_33006_CF90ED_KLMD052022_BA_Awl.jpg,Probable Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_33006_CF90ED_KLMD052022_BA_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1186180.jpg
1066736,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1200,"A complete, copper alloy, Later Short Flanged axehead of the Lisset Type, dating to the middle Bronze Age, BC 1300-1200. A probable type Lissett metalworking phase (Schmidt and Burgess, 1981,100; plate 48, numbers 616-620).The axe is subrectangular, with a square butt which has been damaged. There is differential wear on the axe blade indicating that the axe has been used. The septem, the area between the flanges, terminates in a faint shield like depression. The casting flashes or seams have been removed and hammered flat. There is an notable casting line on the profile of one side , which could be a flaw or something reproduced from in the mould. These are more common in northern areas of the UK, while palstave axes are more frequent in the South. This axe has a long blade with a slightly divergent sides.



The patina of the axe - its bronzy colour - could be from cleaning, however the attached photograph shows the axe directly after discovery and suggest that the object has been buried in anerobic conditions for at least part of the time it has been buried. This is further evidences by its findspot which indicates a marshy area covered by hillwash. 



DUR-05101C



Dimentions:

Weight - 218.51g

Length - 127.08mm

Width of Blade - 41.66mm



Width of butt - mm

Height if flanges - 18.29

Width at Flanges - 17.97",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-04-23T23:00:00Z,2022-04-24T23:00:00Z,,,,18.29,,,127.08,1,Andrew Agate,Andrew Agate,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Harrogate,Laverton,SE1873,GPS (from the finder),54.15250818,-1.72589411,NCL-DF3553,,NCLDF3553.jpg,NCL-DF3553,Tyne and Wear Museums,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/andyagate/NCLDF3553.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1183732.jpg
1066773,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl of late Bronze Age date, 65.6mm in length with an octagonal cross section (square with bevelled corners). One end tapers to a point, the other to a flat chisel-like terminal. The surface has a deep-green patina, but is damaged with extensive loss in places. There is no evident decoration.",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-07-31T23:00:00Z,,,,9.09,,,6.1,65.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,East Meon,SU7021,From finder,50.98415878,-1.00414899,SUR-E05614,,SURE05614.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURE05614.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1183737.jpg
1066939,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,EARLY MEDIEVAL,-2150,1000,"Short copper alloy awl of uncertain date. Square in cross-section throughout its length it tapers from its greatest thickness at the mid-point, to a moderately sharp point at one end, and to a chisel edge at the other. The object may have had a handle with one end functioning as the tang, but the consistent dark brown patina and hand-worn appearance probably suggest otherwise. Additionally, there is no evidence of hammering at either end; and no stop, and therefore the object was probably intended for light hand-work. Such objects are found in Bronze Age hoards- see WAW-C63EB7, but since they are commonly plain, lack diagnostic features and have simple purposeful forms that are relatively unchanged across many centuries, outside of context their dating is problematic. The landscape in which this object was found is ancient, and within a kilometre radius six Bronze Age artefacts have already been discovered, however, in recorded finds it majors in the Roman, Early Medieval, and Medieval periods. Accordingly, although a Bronze Age date is probable, for reasons given a wider date range is proffered. Circa 2150BC -AD1000. 



Dimensions;- length 40mm, width 4.3mm, weight 4.28g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-03-01T00:00:00Z,2022-05-08T23:00:00Z,,,4.28,,,4.3,40,1,Garry Crace,Garry Crace,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Pentney,TF7312,From finder,52.67807888,0.55756371,NMS-F4E336,,,,,,,
1067504,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"A fragment of a copper alloy Bronze Age socketed axehead or socketed chisel dating from about 1000 BC - 700 BC. It has a fairly straight cutting edge with rounded corners one of which is broken off. There are straight but tapering sides and an ancient break at the top across the end of the socket where it is rectangular in cross-section. The rest of the tool is missing. The fragment has a green and brown mottled patina. the fragment is too small to classify. It could be a small socketed axe, a palstave or a chisel. It is similar to SWYOR-AC278F, SF-9E9143 and NCL-F12C3E. The fragment is 27.3mm long, 33.2mm wide and 12.4mm thick. 41.3g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,2022-01-31T00:00:00Z,,,41.3,,,12.4,27.3,1,,Andy Heath,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Catton,SE3779,,54.20541693,-1.43425736,SWYOR-4D552C,,SWYOR4D552CPostMedievalChisel.jpg,SWYOR-4D552C Post Medieval Chisel,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR4D552CPostMedievalChisel.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1185199.jpg
1067613,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
An incomplete copper-alloy penannular bracelet of probable Bronze Age date. The bracelet is ovate in cross section. In plan it is curved and tapers gradually. Both ends are heavily patinated suggesting ancient breaks.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-09-01T23:00:00Z,,,,14.82,,,4.6,37.5,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wantage,SU4086,GPS (from the finder),51.57145733,-1.42424329,BERK-6052F2,,BERK6052F2.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK6052F2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1185737.jpg
1067616,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"
An fragment of a probable Bronze Age object. The object is broken and worn on all sides and has a possible worn rib on both of the flat sides.
",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-31T23:00:00Z,,,,14.82,,,4.6,37.5,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,Surrey,Waverley,Farnham,SU8146,GPS (from the finder),51.20747489,-0.84187367,BERK-606345,,BERK606345.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK606345.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1185738.jpg
1067693,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,2350,1600,"An incomplete and very worn copper-alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date (2350-1600BC).

Description: The axehead is trapezoidal in shape with a lenticular cross-section. It has&nbsp;an irregular break at the butt end and from here its&nbsp;straight sides gradually widen to a slightly curved blade.&nbsp;It is very worn and pitted with a light green patina.&nbsp;

Measurements: length: 80.2mm; width: 56.3; thickness: 9.8mm; weight: 187.65g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,187.65,,,9.8,80.2,1,,Lori Rogerson,South East,Kent,Maidstone,East Farleigh,TQ7251,,51.2322651,0.46223227,KENT-735EC1,,KENT735EC1.jpg,Bronze Age flat axehead,All rights reserved,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lrogerson/KENT735EC1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1184529.jpg
1067993,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Fragment of the blade-edge of a copper-alloy cutting tool, probably an axehead and probably of later Bronze Age date. The cutting edge is V-shaped in profile and moderately convex when viewed from either face. It becomes increasingly more convex towards one end, as it curves around to form the very beginning of one of the side edges, before meeting the break.

The break is ancient and runs broadly parallel to the cutting edge, and then finally obliquely.  No vestige of the side edge survives at the other end but symmetry suggests that it was no more than a few millimetres away. The metal is patinated dark brown on the two faces and reddish-orange on the break. c. 1500 to 800 B.C.



Length (cutting edge to break): 8.1mm. Width: 35.3mm. Thickness: 3.9mm. Weight: 3.7g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-04-08T23:00:00Z,2022-05-08T23:00:00Z,,,3.7,,,3.9,8.1,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Holme Hale,TF8906,From finder,52.61886565,0.79050737,NMS-DDEADA,,PFd_4612_DDEADA_KLMD052022_BA_Axehead.jpg,Fragment of a probable Bronze Age axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_4612_DDEADA_KLMD052022_BA_Axehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1186212.jpg
1068059,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"An incomplete Late&nbsp;Bronze Age copper alloy dagger blade, dating to c.&nbsp;1150-800 cal.&nbsp;BC.&nbsp; Most of the blade remains, with the sharp tip missing. There is also a section missing at the upper end&nbsp;where only a part of a single rivet hole remains, in line with the longitudinal centre line of the blade. The blade has a wide central rib and bevelled edges and cutting edge which is&nbsp;roughened but still sharp in places. The pierced upper section narrows a little above&nbsp;the blade itself and is flattened. There are transverse hammer marks, likely formed when the handle was originally fitted to the blade. It has a mid brown patina with small patches of green.

Dimensions: 110.3mm in length; 27.8mm in width; 2.6mm thick; 34.64g in weight

c.f. British Museum Collections accession number&nbsp;WG.1313 and&nbsp;1863,0122.111",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,34.64,,,2.6,110.3,1,,Jane Hanbidge,South West,Swindon,Swindon,Hannington,SU1794,,51.64454509,-1.75571457,WILT-E08871,,WILTE08871.jpg,WILT-E08871,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILTE08871.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1188302.jpg
1068156,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,A cast copper alloy fragment of a late Bronze Age (c. 1100 BC to 800 BC) socketed axehead measuring 22.6mm by 35.2mm. The fragment comprises the blade tip which flares out into a curved cutting edge. The axehead has a triangular side profile and a hollow centre. Most of the original surface has been lost.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-27T23:00:00Z,,,,21.43,,,11.4,22.6,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Reigate and Banstead,Horley,TQ2943,From finder,51.1717,-0.15614493,SUR-F20CB9,,SURF20CB9.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURF20CB9.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1184940.jpg
1068271,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Late Bronze Age copper-alloy awl. It is flat-tipped and flat in cross-section at the tang end, gradually becoming oval in cross-section and finally pointed at the functional end. Viewed with either of the flat faces of the tang facing, the sides are nearly, but not perfectly straight and only very slightly tapering until the pointed tip.



Copper-alloy awls are generally thought of as Late Bronze Age in date, 1000 to 800 BC.



Length: 48.3mm. Width: 5.7mm. Thickness: 3.4mm. Weight: 3.4g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-04-08T23:00:00Z,2022-05-08T23:00:00Z,,,3.4,,,3.4,48.3,1,Andrew Williams,Andrew Williams,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,North Kesteven,Wilsford,SK9943,From finder,52.97521931,-0.52710925,NMS-F909B8,,PFd_Lincolnshire_F909B8_KLMD052022_BARB_Awl.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_Lincolnshire_F909B8_KLMD052022_BARB_Awl.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1186219.jpg
1068868,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"A very small fragment of the blade of a bronze&nbsp;axehead. A corner of the cutting edge. The fragment is wedge-shaped and curved along the cutting&nbsp;edge. The curvature suggests a fairly narrow blade. Possibly part of a palstave axehead.
Date: Middle Bronze Age - c. 1600 - 1000 BC
Length: 21.61&nbsp;mm
Width: 9.87&nbsp;mm
Thickness: 3.81&nbsp;mm
Weight: 3.05 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.05,,,3.81,21.91,1,,Rachel Mowbray,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Sydling St. Nicholas,SY6399,,50.7893798,-2.52627387,DOR-70BE68,,DOR70BE68a.jpg,Bronze Age palstave fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lucybev/DOR70BE68a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1195169.jpg
1068910,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"A fragment of a copper-alloy socketed Axehead of Bronze Age date (1500-800 BC). The object is composed of a fastening loop and part of the socket rim. The socket rim has a double collar around the socket hole to the base of the loop. The profile of the socket is sub-square, however little is retained so its exact profile is difficult to determine from the fragment.



Length: 37.78mm, Width: 27.73mm, Thickness: 7.41mm, Weight: 29.1g



The metal is dark brown to light green in colour with a pitted and corroded patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,29.1,,,7.41,37.78,1,Ellie Cox,Ellie Cox,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Leckhampstead,SP7338,From finder,52.03560941,-0.9372273,NARC-7190F7,,NARC7190F7.jpg,NARC-7190F7 : Axehead : Bronze Age,Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC7190F7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1185585.jpg
1068938,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"A fragmentary cast copper alloy sword blade fragment, probably of Late Bronze Age date (c.1150-750 BC), possibly of Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking industry of Needham’s (1991) Periods 4-5, dated 1150-750 BC. The fragment is rectangular in plan and lenticular in section with an overall surviving length of 59.4mm. The fragment has straight transverse breaks on each end and there is a slight bend in the length , suggesting deliberate breakage prior to deposition (‘ritually killed’). The blade has a shallow raised central midrib c.13.5mm wide on both faces (overall object depth of 7.9mm) flanked on each side by a shallow concave section to the blade edge. The blade edge is slightly faceted on both sides (max object width 34.4mm). The fragment weighs 70.56g and has a medium to light green patina with traces of light green and azurite corrosion product.



The fragmentary nature of the blade, lacking diagnostic features makes typological identification difficult. Although swords have origins in the later part of the Middle Bronze Age of Taunton and Penard Metalworking Industries, occurrences of the types are comparatively unusual and leaf-shaped swords of Late Bronze Age date tend to be more commonly recovered.



Similar finds are recorded on the PAS database including a very similar sized fragment with the same transverse breaks (SUR-42B7D9). Other similar finds recorded on the PAS include NMGW-FE5523, WMID-871F5F, NMGW-49B5F1, NMGW-35639F



References: 



Needham, S. 1996. Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologica 67, 121-140",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,70.56,,,7.9,59.4,1,Adelle Bricking,Adelle Bricking,Wales,the Vale of Glamorgan,the Vale of Glamorgan,Peterston-super-Ely,ST0878,,51.49343166,-3.32659408,NMGW-7264F5,,NMWPA2022334.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/NMWPA2022334.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1185691.jpg
1069529,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1800,-1500,"A complete flanged axehead of Early to Middle Bronze Age dating (c. 1800 BC to c. 1500 BC).



The flanged axehead has a rectangular butt with semi circular flanges that rise up vertically from either side. A stop ridge is present in the middle before extending into the blade. The blade is crescentic in shape. It has an H shaped cross section. The blade edge has not been polished. The casting seams are not visible.



It has a length of 150.0 mm and a maximum width of 68.9 mm. A maximum thickness of 27.3 mm. It weighs 450.4 g. The socket is 69.2 mm in length from the stop ridge to the butt. The butt is 25.5 mm wide and 4.2 mm thick. The flanges are a maximum of 8.7 mm tall and 4.3 mm thick. The stop ridge is 0.8 mm tall. The blade section is 81.4 mm long from the blade edge to the stop ridge. The blade is 68.9 mm wide and 3.1 mm thick. 



The axehead is a mid brown colour, with an even surface patina.



Several similar axeheads have been recorded on the PAS database including: LANCUM-18F90B; DENO-E0E99E; GLO-F40587 and NMGW-C72646.",,4,Copper alloy,,Donated to a museum,Metal detector,,,,,450.4,,,27.3,150,1,Teresa Gilmore,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Staffordshire Moorlands,Draycott in the Moors,SJ9840,From finder,52.95736842,-2.03121865,WMID-B1F615,,WMIDB1F615.jpg,Early to Middle Bronze Age: Complete flanged axe head,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDB1F615.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1186223.jpg
1069672,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unlooped palstave&nbsp;in fairly&nbsp;fresh condition with recent minor damage to the butt, blade and cutting edge and less recent scratches on on one face of the blade. There are no casting seams and hammer marks are&nbsp;faintly visible on one side. Below the stop ridge a low rib defines a shield-shaped motif and this is flanked on both sides by a broader transverse rib. Weight 492g. Length 164mm. Length of septum 67mm. Width of cutting edge 77.4mm. Width of butt 25mm. Thickness 24mm

Finder&#39;s number CMV/1",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-02-17T00:00:00Z,2022-02-17T00:00:00Z,,,492,,,24,164,1,,Andrew Rogerson,,Norfolk,Breckland,Fransham,TF8913,,52.68171874,0.79451423,NMS-C636D8,,PFd_20612_C636D8_INDFR062022AR_BA_Palstave.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_20612_C636D8_INDFR062022AR_BA_Palstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1190008.jpg
1070220,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Fragment of a Middle&nbsp;Bronze Age copper-alloy rapier blade. The lateral&nbsp;edges&nbsp;are broadly straight and parallel for the most part, towards one end these begin to taper convexly before terminating at an old break, apparently a few millimetres before the original pointed tip. There is some loss of one of the&nbsp;edges here, due to an old&nbsp;break.
The other end appears to be an old break too and there is minimal tapering in width as rapier blades often are. Cross-section&nbsp;is a wide, narrow lozenge, each face bearing two equally-sized facets divided by a rounded longitudinal arris. It is broadly uniform in thickness,&nbsp;tapering towards the point. c. 1,600&nbsp;to 1,000&nbsp;B.C.

Length: 38.7mm. Width: 13.7mm. Thickness: 2.9mm. Weight: 6.4g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-05-13T00:00:00Z,2022-06-13T00:00:00Z,,,6.4,,,2.9,38.7,1,,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Shouldham,TF6707,,52.63505286,0.46637364,NMS-3054A6,,PFd_15063_3054A6_KLMD062022_BA_Blade.jpg,Fragment of a probably Bronze Age blade,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_15063_3054A6_KLMD062022_BA_Blade.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1187207.jpg
1070230,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy socketed axehead dating to the late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC).



The object is sub-rectangular in plan and wedge-shaped. The cutting edge is curved and expands slightly outwards. The edge is worn and abraded and measures 39.28mm in width. At the base of the object is a broadly sub-rectangular shaped mouth with an expanded moulded collar, measuring 39.43mm in length, 33.45mm width and 5.94mm thick. Below the mouth is a moulded collar from which a single raised line of decoration travels down the centre of the surviving side until almost the halfway point. The other side is incomplete and is missing part of the body and mouth. A single loop is positioned to the side and presents a prominent casting seam along the length of the object.



The object has a dark green patina and brown patina with patches of brighter green corrosion. Worn striations are present on the incomplete side.



Dimensions: Length 82.62mm; width 39.28mm; thickness (body) 23.7mm; weight 157.97g



The object can be dating to the Ewart Park phase of metal work which corresponds with metalworking phases X - XII, or Needham Periods 6-7, dating from about 1150-750 CAL BC. This axe is likely to date from about 1000-800 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,157.97,,,23.7,82.62,1,Heather Beeton,Heather Beeton,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Bradwall,SJ7562,GPS (from the finder),53.15454021,-2.37530166,LVPL-30E264,,LVPL30E264.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPL30E264.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1187444.jpg
1070333,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper-alloy awl of late Bronze Age date, 55.5mm in length. Both ends taper to points; one half of the awl has a rounded cross section and tapers to a point and the other half has a square cross section and tapers to a break. There are grooves along the centre of two of the sides. The surface has a deep-green patina and there is no evident decoration.",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800 BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800 BC).,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-19T00:00:00Z,,,,8.04,,,5.3,55.5,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Aldbourne,SU2178,From finder,51.50055111,-1.69885888,HAMP-439A97,,HAMP439A97.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP439A97.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1187139.jpg
1070361,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2000,-800,A small cast copper alloy narrow-tanged and flanged chisel (or possibly a miniature axehead) of Bronze Age date. The object is 47.9mm in length and bent at the mid point. It expands from 5.6mm wide at the butt end to a curved and flared blade 13.8mm wide. It has a flat rectangular cross section with low flanges running along the rear half of its length.,Examples of this type of tool from early Bronze Age burial contexts (c. 2000-1800 BC) are featured in Needham (2017: 38).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.6,,,3.6,47.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Newton Valence,SU7232,From finder,51.0828107,-0.97347946,HAMP-458652,,HAMP458652.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP458652.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1187152.jpg
1070686,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete&nbsp;cast copper alloy socketed spearhead, probably of side-looped type and dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c.1500&nbsp;BC&nbsp;to 800&nbsp;BC). The blade is leaf shaped and there is a prominant midrib running to the tip of the blade, which gives the blade a lenticular cross section with slightly concave flanks to the ribs. The blade is slightly bent towards the&nbsp;tip which&nbsp;has broken off but is retained.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-10-09T00:00:00Z,,,,23.35,,,8.2,97.2,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Liss,SU7627,,51.03734285,-0.91743336,HAMP-9AB4D8,,HAMP9AB4D8a.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP9AB4D8a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1190088.jpg
1070691,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A complete Bronze Age dirk blade (cf. Burgess and Gerloff&#39;s (1981) Group IV) dating to the period c. 1500 - c.1150&nbsp;BC. The blade is 126.4mm in length, with roughly parallel sides, a flared base and a rounded tip.&nbsp;The butt is a slender trapezoidal form with two flanking rivet holes. The blade is slightly bent at either end but it is not clear whether this represents any deliberate treatment or simply post depositional damage.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-09-27T00:00:00Z,,,,26.51,,,2.6,126.4,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Bentworth,SU6738,,51.13736035,-1.04373784,HAMP-9AE0D7,,HAMP9AE0D7a.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP9AE0D7a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1190047.jpg
1071113,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1200,"A cast copper-alloy quoit-headed pin of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1500- 1200 BC).&nbsp;

The flat loop of the head has slightly rounded edges and is circular, 29.5 mm&nbsp;in diameter, with a central circular, perforation, 17 mm in diameter. This has been slightly bent probably after burial;&nbsp;the shaft has been bent right round on itself and to one side. The shaft itself is a flattened oval in section.

Measurements:&nbsp;Length:&nbsp;68.5&nbsp;mm; Diameter:&nbsp;29.5&nbsp;mm; Weight:&nbsp;14.76&nbsp;g

Quoit-headed pins are generally dated to the Taunton phase of the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500-1200&nbsp;BC). However, the date for these smaller examples, which may be either decorated or undecorated, may be slightly earlier. About 50 examples are recorded and mostly restricted to southern England and this example respects that pattern. There are a number recorded on the PAS database so far: BUC-7C4708, NMS-DD75D4, NMS-097A83, NMS-6960B5, NMS-A369A6, NMS549, NLM-15CFB4, BERK-00C588, SOMDOR-839ED2, SOM-1EC49B, SF-81BA51, SF9909, SF4979, SF-54D866 &amp; SF-9EE5A3.&nbsp;A similar pin was found in Chilton Polden, Somerset (Pearce 1983, 509, no. 633).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-02-05T00:00:00Z,2022-02-05T00:00:00Z,,,14.76,,29.5,,68.5,1,,Laura Beckwith,,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Ivinghoe,SP9616,,51.8343708,-0.60816254,DEV-C566C8,,DEVC566C8quoitheadedpin.jpg,Middle Bronze Age quoit-headed pin,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley2/DEVC566C8quoitheadedpin.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1193413.jpg
1071203,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A fragment of copper alloy blade tip, possibly from a rapier, of Bronze Age date (probably middle to late Bronze age c.1600-800 BC).



The fragment consists of the narrow part of the blade, likely towards the point. It is lenticular in section and narrows towards the blade edge. The edges are worn and irregular, and ends in a break at the lower part of the blade.



Dimensions: Length 35.13mm; width 17.12mm; thickness 3.55mm; weight 6.4g



Due to the fragmentary nature of this object, it cannot be confidently assigned to an object type or metalworking phase, although the narrow width of the blade suggests that it likely formed the tip of a rapier or dirk.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.4,,,3.55,35.13,1,Heather Beeton,Heather Beeton,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Newcastle-under-Lyme,Betley,SJ7648,From finder,53.02874256,-2.35929762,LVPL-D62ACD,,LVPLD62ACD.jpg,Bronze Age rapier,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPLD62ACD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1188348.jpg
1071286,Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,100,"A copper alloy ring of probable later prehistoric date - Bronze Age to Iron Age (c.1500 BC - AD100)



The ring is solidly cast with an external diameter of 22.66mm and internal 11.55mm. It is circular in section with a roughly equal thickness throughout. The surface has a smooth light green patina with some pitting around the edge.



Dimensions: Diameter 22.66mm; thickness 5.14mm; weight 7.03g



Single copper alloy rings such as this are difficult to attribute a firm date and function to. The patina for the present example may be suggestive of a prehistoric date.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,7.03,,22.66,5.14,,1,Heather Beeton,Heather Beeton,Wales,Denbighshire,Denbighshire,Llanarmon-yn-Ial,SJ2055,From finder,53.08619879,-3.19588747,LVPL-D8B046,,LVPLD8B046.jpg,Bronze Age ring,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPLD8B046.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1188347.jpg
1071430,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment of a cast copper alloy middle Bronze Age (1500-1150 BC) palstave axehead, comprising the butt end, which is flat, 25.9mm in length and tapers slightly to the rear. There are flanges rising to both sides with a flat septum between.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,19.9,,,7,25.9,1,Simon Maslin,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Chawton,SU7037,From finder,51.12801137,-1.00105917,HAMP-ED38AD,,HAMPED38AD.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMPED38AD.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1188113.jpg
1071478,Sickle,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A middle to late Bronze Age copper alloy sickle fragment dating c. 1600-800 BC

The fragment has one straight cutting edge and one opposing oblique cutting edge which curves to the horizontal at one end. The transverse breaks are worn and abraded&nbsp;and the blade has an almost plano-convex section with a raised rib on one surface&nbsp;which is slightly off centre. A&nbsp;glossy dark green patina remains in small patches pitted with corrosion all surfaces.&nbsp;

Measurements: length: 27.92mm; width: 21.27mm; thickness: 3.09mm and weight: 7.3g.&nbsp;

The fragment is too incomplete to be further classified, but other similar examples recorded on the database include:&nbsp;SOM-4AE60B&nbsp;and&nbsp;WILT-7F60F4.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-23T00:00:00Z,,,,7.3,,,3.09,27.92,1,,Alan Charman,South East,Kent,Ashford,Tenterden,TQ8731,,51.0479063,0.66646678,PUBLIC-1543B5,,PUBLIC1543B5.jpg,bronze age sickle blade,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/alancharman67/PUBLIC1543B5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1188169.jpg
1071878,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An almost complete copper alloy unlooped palstave of Middle Bronze Age date (c. 1500-1300BC) with shield shaped hollow below the stop ridge. Early or primary palstave of Group I - shield patterned type.

The palstave has a triangular shaped blade in plan. The palstave has a rectangular septum and straight-sided open flanges for hafting. The butt of the object is incomplete and measures 22.1&nbsp;mm&nbsp;in width and 5.1&nbsp;mm&nbsp;thick.

Beneath the stop-ridge descends a shield shaped hollow, this is more visible on one side than the other. 

The blade of the palstave has expanding sides, and a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical and shows wear. The cutting edge measures 61.2&nbsp;mm&nbsp;in width and is 3.8&nbsp;mm&nbsp;thick.

The palstave is a mid green to brown colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of much of the original surface.

This form and style of palstave fits can be classified as an early palstave / primary group I - shield patterned and dates to the first phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA I) 1450-1250&nbsp;BC&nbsp;specifically within the Acton Park II and Taunton metalworking assemblages (Needham Period 5) - both assemblages fit within Burgess Metal Working Stage VIII and IX. A close comparison to this palstave has been recorded from the Albrighton Area, Shropshire (HESH-D05FE3) and (WMID-755304) discovered in the Staffordshire Moorlands. Schmidt and Burgess (1981) have parallels for this type on plate 57.

Overall, the palstave measures 162&nbsp;mm&nbsp;in length, a maximum width of 61&nbsp;mm&nbsp;at the cutting edge, and a maximum thickness near the stop ridge of 25.9&nbsp;mm. It weighs 449&nbsp;grams. 

Schmidt, P. K. and Burgess, C. B., 1981.&nbsp;The axes of Scotland and Northern England&nbsp;Munchen : C.H. Beck&#39;sche Verlagsbuchhandlung",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,449,,,25.9,162,1,,Victoria Allnatt,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Prees,SJ6032,,52.88396238,-2.59587023,WMID-43C9D2,,WMID43C9D2.jpg,"Middle Bronze Age palstave (front, profile, reverse, profile, blade edge)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMID43C9D2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196731.jpg
1072010,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1150,"A fragment from a cast copper alloy spearhead dating from the Middle Bronze Age 1550 – 1150 cal BC suggested by the high midrib. Only the tip of the spear remains.





The fragment is triangular in plan, tapering to the spear's point. It has a lozenge shaped midrib that is solid and runs to the point of the spear from which the flat blade edges of the spear extend these narrow in width to meeting the point.



Not enough of the spearhead has remained to be able to date this fragment to a more precise range.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-02-27T00:00:00Z,,,,1.31,,,4.5,20.5,1,Philip Smither,Philip Smither,South East,Oxfordshire,West Oxfordshire,Minster Lovell,SP3009,GPS (from the finder),51.77886767,-1.56655767,BERK-55D456,,BERK55D456.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK55D456.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1188796.jpg
1072358,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1800,"Cast copper alloy flat axe of Early Bronze Age date. The axe is sub-triangular in plan with a wide rounded butt that is 24mm wide, the sides expand out evenly in a gradual concave arch to the cutting edge which is 48mm wide, the blade is slightly convex in shape. The blade bevel is slight and when viewed to the side the axe has a low lentoid profile. 



The axe has suffered from corrosion that has recovered the original patina and left a pitted surface. 



The axs fits with some of the earliest metal artefacts found in Britain, possibly associated with the Migdale Metalworking tradition. This would date it as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to. These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,2022-05-31T23:00:00Z,,,,,,10,73,1,Kurt Adams,Kurt Adams,South West,North Somerset,North Somerset,Clapton-in-Gordano,ST4673,From finder,51.45339309,-2.77853564,GLO-6EC75E,,GLO6EC75E.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO6EC75E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1188969.jpg
1072838,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"An incomplete copper alloy, tip from a spearhead, probably of Middle Bronze Age period, dating from c.&nbsp;BC&nbsp;1500 to c.&nbsp;BC&nbsp;1100.

The object is broadly triangular in plan and broadly lozenge shaped in cross section. The object has a rounded point at the top, which seems to have sustained some damage. From the point the sides of the object taper out, ensuring the object is wider at the base. There is a central raised ridge running vertically down the middle of the spear head, this appears on both sides. There is an old horizontal break at the base of the object, probably indicating the spear was broken in antiquity. The tops of side loops are present on either side. There is damage to both edges of the blade. The socket survives to a depth of 19.1 mm.&nbsp;

It measures 89.0 mm&nbsp;in length, 16.1 mm&nbsp;wide (base), 3.4&nbsp;mm&nbsp;wide (tip) and 9.2&nbsp;mm&nbsp;thick. It weighs 23.3 g.

The spear head is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.

This object has lost most of it&#39;s diagnostic features and as a result further classification is difficult. However similar spearhead fragments have been recorded on the database, including SWYOR-1F74C1, SF-C557DC and WMID-270D2F. All have been dated to the Middle Bronze Age.",The 3D model has been generated using the mobile phone scanning application Qlone.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,23.3,,,9.2,89,1,,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Harlaston,SK2108,,52.66930788,-1.69089489,WMID-D7A28E,,WMIDD7A28E.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMIDD7A28E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1189443.jpg
1073335,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A copper-alloy awl of late Bronze Age date, 47.3mm in length. One half of the awl has a rounded cross section and tapers to a point and the other&nbsp;half has a rectangular cross section and tapers to a flat square chisel tip. The surface has been heavily damaged but there is no decoration evident.",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800&nbsp;BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800&nbsp;BC).,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-05-14T00:00:00Z,,,,5.68,,,5.6,47.3,1,,Simon Maslin,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Codford,ST9942,,51.17723426,-2.0156858,HAMP-53E9F3,,HAMP53E9F3.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP53E9F3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1190115.jpg
1073342,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1100,"Dimensions: surviving length 67.2mm; max. surviving width of blade 12.4mm; max. thickness 8.9mm; surviving internal diameter of socket 6.2mm; depth of socket (partially blocked by soil) 18.9mm; surviving weight 10.6g

Middle Bronze Age spearhead, probably of Davis&rsquo; (2012) Group 6; Developed side-looped and dating to the later Arreton-Wilburton phases (c. 1600-1100 BC). 

This is the blade fragment of a socketed spearhead, broken across the socket/blade junction. The spearhead is relatively short in length, with a narrow and flame-shaped blade. The blade has a lozenge-shaped cross-section, with a narrow and prominent mid-rib. The sides of the mid-rib are straight and converging, extending up to the tip of the blade. Original blade edges no longer survive. Fine striations are visible along the original surfaces, parallel to the blade edge. The breaks along the blade edges and socket appear eroded and largely within the patinated surface, indicating damage cause prior to recent discovery, possibly during antiquity. Two glancing scrapes have exposed fresh bronze across the mid-rib, likely caused during recent discovery and retrieval by the finder.

The spearhead has a dull grey-green patina. Original surfaces have a dark grey-green patina, surviving in three small patches on one face. The inner surface of the lower socket has a blue patina, located around the lower break edge. The socket is partially blocked by orange-brown clay soil.","Although incomplete, enough survives of this artefact to suggest that it once belonged to a Group 6: Developed side-looped spearhead. Group 6, side-looped spearheads have a long-lived production, spanning the end of Arreton in the Early Bronze Age to Wilburton at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age (Davis 2012, 109). A side-looped spearhead of Davis&rsquo; Group 6, Type A was found in the Thames at Mortlake which had remnants of the wooden shaft surviving. The shaft was radiocarbon dated by Needham et al (1997, 62) to 1680 &ndash; 1400BC (with 95% confidence). A Group 6, Type D spearhead from Tormarton, Gloucestershire has two radiocarbon dates (1390 &ndash; 1010BC and 1310-1057BC) (ibid., 7). Most Group 6 spearheads however are likely to date from Acton Park and Taunton industries.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.6,,,8.9,67.2,1,,Clara de Sousa Cunha,Wales,Monmouthshire,Monmouthshire,Abergavenny,SO3211,,51.79349988,-2.98737871,NMGW-543FF9,,2022984.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead blade (fragment),The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/claracunha/2022984.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1200825.jpg
1073390,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1200,-1000,"A fragment of a modified copper alloy blade from a Late Bronze Age (c.1200-1000 BC) dirk or rapier, along with part of its hilt. The blade has a lenticular cross section with a low midribe which is distinctly flattened on the top. This flares out into a triangular area at the hilt. There&nbsp;are flanking contractions or rivet holes&nbsp;at the junction between blade and the hilt, which has&nbsp;a thinner section and is trapezoidal in shape.

This object is likely to be a reworked rapier or dirk blade fragment which was repurposed at a later time. Without the entirety of the blade the original type is unclear, but this compares favourably to&nbsp;one of Burgess and Gerloff&#39;s (1981) Group IV: Notched butt weapons with reworked butts, e.g. Nos. 898-950&nbsp;(Burgess and Gerloff 1981: Plate 110) and is probably part of the later Penard or Wilburton metalwork assemblage.&nbsp;Similar re-used blade fragments are recorded&nbsp;on the database:&nbsp;SF-E9C52D&nbsp;OXON-8AD684&nbsp;and&nbsp;SUR-B7F695.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.55,,,5.1,32.2,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,New Alresford,SU5832,,51.08439423,-1.17332349,HAMP-56041F,,HAMP56041F.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP56041F.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1190068.jpg
1073401,Dirk,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1000,"A small and heavily abraded fragment of a copper alloy blade from a mid to late Bronze Age (c.1500-1000 BC) dirk or rapier, 16.7mm in length. The blade has a lenticular cross section.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.13,,,3.2,16.7,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Hawkley,SU7430,,51.06457541,-0.9453406,HAMP-565C04,,HAMP565C04.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslinhct/HAMP565C04.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1190084.jpg
1073742,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"An incomplete Late Bronze Age arrowhead or spearhead dated to c.1400-800BC, possibly narrowed to c.AD1400-1150

The blade is leaf shaped with a gently curving blade edge, tapering towards shallow shoulders. The tip of the blade is broken. Down both sides there is a prominent midrib running the length of the blade creating a lozenged shaped section. The socket is circular and broken. The spear might have had side loops but are missing",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,11.25,,,7.5,42.5,1,,Philip Smither,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Lyford,SU3994,,51.64345412,-1.43778401,BERK-9295B3,,BERK9295B3.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK9295B3.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1190865.jpg
1073896,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1000,700,"Fragment of the blade end of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe. The convex cutting edge is complete, but only very short lengths of the concave lateral edges are extant. The fragment terminates in a transverse worn break at about seventeen millimetres from the cutting edge. The fragment expands in thickness from the cutting edge to the break, perhaps marginally convexly. A shallow remnant of the socket survives on the broken edge. The metal is patinated mid green and pale brownish green. Similar to, although smaller than NMS-DA18AB. 10th to 8th century B.C.

Length: 18.1mm. Width: 36.8mm. Thickness: 9.2mm. Weight: 17.0g&nbsp;",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-08-01T00:00:00Z,2022-05-31T00:00:00Z,,,17,,,9.2,18.1,1,,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,North Norfolk,Gunthorpe,TG0137,,52.89286004,0.98650964,NMS-A8B478,,PFd_24568_A8B478_INDTH08072022AW_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_24568_A8B478_INDTH08072022AW_BA_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1193428.jpg
1074166,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1150,"An incomplete, copper alloy (bronze) spearhead, likely from the Middle Bronze Age&nbsp;(1450-1150 BC). There is a central rib running along the blade with a high profile and a lozenge shaped cross section that tapers towards the tip of the spear, which would mean that the fragment is likely from a Middle Bronze Age looped and socketed spearhead, similar to&nbsp;HESH-8E7894. The original blade would likely have been leaf-shaped.

The blade has lost much of its cutting edge due to abrasion in the soil.

&quot;Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV; which she dates to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham&#39;s Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150&nbsp;BC). Two similar examples of the overall style of spearhead are illustrated in Savory: Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections ref: 230, Llanbeblig, Caern. and 337:2 Nantcwnlle, Cards. The later example was discovered in an excavation of a burial mound in association with a Pygmy Cup. The metal of the Nantcwnlle spear was analysed and found to be of Cemmaes metal dated to the period 1400-1200&nbsp;BC. Davis (2012) classified this form of spearhead as his Group 6 Developed side looped - Type 6 B (flame - flat blade - lozenge plates)&quot;
-&nbsp;Reavill, P (2017)&nbsp;HESH-8E7894: A BRONZE AGE SPEARHEAD&nbsp;Web page available at:&nbsp;https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/866581&nbsp;[Accessed: 26 Jul 2022 15:06:47].",,4,Copper,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.83,,,6.81,45.01,1,,Malcolm Adams,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Wychavon,Pershore,SO9445,,52.10330007,-2.08901269,WAW-FBF93D,,Spearhead.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/madams/Spearhead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1191109.jpg
1074383,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age cast socketed Spearhead, dating to c.&nbsp;1600&nbsp;BC&nbsp;- 1000&nbsp;BC. The spearhead is almost complete, it is missing fragments of the socketed base.&nbsp;The spear has a lozenge shaped cross- section with a high mid-rib which tapers towards from the tip toward the break. The socket is conical. The socket is filled with soil and a depth cannot be determined.&nbsp;The blade extends at the head of the socket and is largely complete, little of the edge is worn away. There is no evidence of any side loops, though these may be worn away and corroded. No peg holes appear to be present but the object is broken where these are likely to have been.&nbsp;The spearhead is a mid green to brown colour. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil has&nbsp;resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail.
Length: 95.5 mm
Width: 20.8 mm
Thickness: 4.7 mm
Weight: 48.58 g

Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV; which she dates to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham&#39;s Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150&nbsp;BC). Two similar examples of the overall style of spearhead are illustrated in Savory: Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections ref: 230, Llanbeblig, Caern. and 337:2 Nantcwnlle, Cards. The later example was discovered in an excavation of a burial mound in association with a Pygmy Cup. The metal of the Nantcwnlle spear was analysed and found to be of Cemmaes metal dated to the period 1400-1200&nbsp;BC. Davis (2012) classified this form of spearhead as his Group 6 Developed side looped - Type 6 B (flame - flat blade - lozenge plates)",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,48.58,,,4.7,95.5,1,,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Derbyshire,Amber Valley,Shottle and Postern,SK3050,,53.04642907,-1.55395771,LEIC-13CAC7,,13CAC7.jpg,Socketed Spearhead,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/13CAC7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1191343.jpg
1074395,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,,,"Small flat axehead. Most of the rectangular butt survives, from where it curves out very slightly to a thicker centre which has very slight flanges to both sides, on both&nbsp;faces. The axe then curves out sharply to a wide cutting edge, most of which is now missing. The smooth olive-green polished surface is largely corroded away on one face, with deep pits.

Length 76.0mm, maximum surviving width 44.7mm, maximum thickness 10.4mm, weight 104.8g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-10-20T00:00:00Z,2019-10-20T00:00:00Z,,,104.8,,,10.4,76,1,,Helen Geake,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Wymondham,TM1098,,52.53934527,1.09518815,NMS-14243D,,PFd_64115_14243D_INDTL10032020HG_BA_FlatAxehead.jpg,Early Bronze Age flat axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_64115_14243D_INDTL10032020HG_BA_FlatAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1193255.jpg
1074442,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"The cutting edge of a late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead dating to c.950-750&nbsp;BC.

The object is comprised of the cutting edge only, the rest of the object is missing. The fragment is sub-rectangular in shape with a wedged section that tapers to the cutting edge. The edge is crescentic in shape and is worn and abraded. The incomplete side of the object has a worn but straight cut revealing a grooved interior suggestive of a socketed axehead. The is irregular with patches of smooth light green patina..

The fragmentary condition of the axe makes typological identification indeterminate.

Dimensions: Length 21.08mm; width 34.81mm; thickness (cutting edge) 2.92mm; thickness 9.61mm; weight 21.58g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-03-30T00:00:00Z,,,,21.58,,,9.61,21.08,1,,Heather Beeton,Wales,Flintshire,Flintshire,Argoed,SJ2662,,53.14997642,-3.10794067,LVPL-2471B5,,LVPL2471B5.jpg,Bronze Age socketed axehead,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPL2471B5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1191817.jpg
1074465,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl of late Bronze Age date, 61.2mm in length. One half has a sub rounded cross section and the other has a sub rectangular section. Both ends taper to sharp points.&nbsp;The surface has a deep-green patina and there is no evident decoration.",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800&nbsp;BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800&nbsp;BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.12,,,3.6,61.2,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,New Forest,Whitsbury,SU1319,,50.97027239,-1.81623135,-SUR 258415.00,,SUR258415.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR258415.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1191472.jpg
1074580,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A Middle to Late Bronze Age south Western type palstave axehead c.1400-1100 BC

The butt end has rounded. The flanges begin about a third of the way along the butt&#39;s length. The cleft between the flanges is relatively smother perhaps from use and there is an irregular hole through the middle near the stop. The casting seem is visible along the sides of the axehead, though some effort to reduce it appears to have taken place. The stop is shallow and worn. The stop has rounded corners with the flanges. The loop is on one side which arcs over the position on the stop. The blade is long, thin and narrow and extends extensively before flaring out at the blade end. there is a slight ridge down the centre of each wide face of the blade. The cutting edge is very worn on the upper edge and is worn down relatively straight.

Total Measurements: 149.6mm long, 30.9mm thick at the loop, 61.8mm wide at blade edge and 392.72g in weight

The form of this palstave is broadly similar to Rowlands&#39; type 1 Mid rib palstaves and Schmidt and Burgess&#39; low flanged group. However its flanges rise above the septum which is defining of South Western type&nbsp;palstaves (Rowlands class 5 group 2) first defined by Smith (1959) which are suggested to date from c.1400-1150 cal BC. This is a particularly western location for this form of axehead.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-07-10T00:00:00Z,2021-07-10T00:00:00Z,,,392.72,,,30.9,149.6,1,,Philip Smither,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Corsley,ST8245,,51.20392391,-2.25902646,BERK-2F01C4,,BERK2F01C4.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK2F01C4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1191543.jpg
1074658,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"A cast copper alloy early short palstave&nbsp;probably of the Acton Park ii/Taunton metalwork style dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1400 BC - 1250 BC), Metalworking Phase VIII and IX which corresponds with Needham&#39;s period 4 and 5.

The butt is triangular in section which thickens towards the septum. The flanges start a short way in from the butt corners. They form a pointed oval shape in profile with the crest of the flange being the widest point, in the centre of the septum. There are slight bulges on the side in line with the fused stop with high flanges. There is a casting seam above but not below. There is a stop before the blade but it is unclear how deep it is. The blade widens in width forming triangular tips from which a crescentic, high cast shield shape.&nbsp;The transition between the blade and flange suggests a continuation into the decoration. The lower blade is distinctly curved and kicks out to the blade tip.","Photos from finder

Near identical examples are illustrated by Rowlands (1976: plate 27) which are categorised as Class 1 group 1 palstaves although its size is more appropriate for a Class 1 group 3 form. In either case Rowlands suggests these date to the Middle Bronze Age and specifically from c. 1500-1150 cal BC. &ldquo;",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-20T00:00:00Z,,,,377,,,30,152,1,,Philip Smither,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Ampfield,SU3924,,51.01406303,-1.44542482,BERK-6F3120,,BERK6F3120.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK6F3120.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1191692.jpg
1074870,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,A cast copper alloy fragment of a late Bronze Age (c. 1100&nbsp;BC&nbsp;to 800&nbsp;BC) socketed axehead measuring 27mm by 43mm. The fragment comprises the blade tip which flares out into a curved cutting edge. The axehead has a triangular side profile and a hollow centre. Much of the original surface has been lost to corrosion.,Recorded from details emailed by the finder.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,40,,,12,27,1,,Simon Maslin,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Abbey Dore,SO3932,,51.983094,-2.88961586,SUR-8D5B3E,,SUR8D5B3E.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR8D5B3E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1191842.jpg
1074881,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-300,"An incomplete copper alloy &quot;Moustache-shaped&quot; object probably of Middle Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age date (1500-300&nbsp;BC). The object consists of two pointed drop-shaped elements (both points partially lost), D-shaped in cross-section and joined at their widest point, by a longitudinally recessed oval neck. There are multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper face on both domed sides of the object. The two moustache tips or prongs flare slightly outwards and terminate with a small rounded knop. The central neck section of the object is plain and undecorated but the underside (between the two prongs) has a sub-rectangular perforation, believed to facilitate the attachment of the object.


Length: 14.93mm, Width: 20.91mm, Thickness: 10.52mm, Weight: 8.3g.

Aperture Length: 5.80mm, Width: 4.37mm

The metal is a mid-green in colour with a slightly pitted patina.","These moustache-like objects are thought to date from the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, after the discovery of one in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (Current Archaeology March 2012, Issue 264, 35). Some are &#39;single&#39; examples while others are &#39;double&#39; like this example, the drop-shaped elements often extending downwards rather more than outwards, for example YORYM-1AA0C5, SF-520513, HAMP-6F4C45, BERK-C3E5A3 and&nbsp;BH-AA1CBE.
The open area at the centre of the object suggests it was meant to top something that fitted into this gap. Descriptions of other moustache-like objects with similar perforations describe iron corrosion or wood mineralisation around the perforation. Although very similar to wing-shaped chapes, it seems unlikely they had a similar function, as the perforation (and size of the object) is comparably small.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.3,,,10.52,14.93,1,,Ellie Cox,West Midlands,Warwickshire,Rugby,Leamington Hastings,SP4468,,52.30835885,-1.35606679,NARC-8EAEE7,,NARC8EAEE7.jpg,"NARC-8EAEE7 : ""Moustache-shaped"" object  : Bronze Age",Northamptonshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/elliecox05/NARC8EAEE7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1191856.jpg
1075283,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-900,"A fragment of copper alloy, Bronze Age, spearhead, 1500-900BC. The object comprises the tip of the spearhead, tapering down to a point. There is an old break at the bottom of the object in which there remains only a small circular depression marking the end of the inside of the socket. The object has a brown-green patina.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.45,,,3.66,35.97,1,,Edwin C Wood,South East,Milton Keynes,Milton Keynes,Hanslope,SP8147,,52.11539826,-0.81849631,BUC-BC0593,,BUCBC0593.jpg,"A fragment of copper alloy, Bronze Age, spearhead, 1500-900BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwin/BUCBC0593.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1193458.jpg
1075400,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1450,-1150,"An incomplete, copper alloy (bronze) spearhead, likely from the Middle Bronze Age&nbsp;(1450-1150 BC). There is a central rib running along the blade with a high profile and a lozenge shaped cross section that tapers towards the tip of the spear, which would mean that the fragment is likely from a Middle Bronze Age looped and socketed spearhead, similar to&nbsp;HESH-8E7894. The original blade would likely have been leaf-shaped.

The blade has lost much of its cutting edge due to abrasion in the soil.

&quot;Similar looped spearheads have been classified by Margaret Ehrenberg as Class IV; which she dates to the Middle Bronze Age specifically the second phase of Acton Park (2), Taunton (Cemmaes) or Penard metalworking traditions. These phases correspond with Needham&#39;s Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150&nbsp;BC). Two similar examples of the overall style of spearhead are illustrated in Savory: Guide Catalogue to the Bronze Age Collections ref: 230, Llanbeblig, Caern. and 337:2 Nantcwnlle, Cards. The later example was discovered in an excavation of a burial mound in association with a Pygmy Cup. The metal of the Nantcwnlle spear was analysed and found to be of Cemmaes metal dated to the period 1400-1200&nbsp;BC. Davis (2012) classified this form of spearhead as his Group 6 Developed side looped - Type 6 B (flame - flat blade - lozenge plates).&quot;
- Reavill, P (2017) HESH-8E7894: A BRONZE AGE SPEARHEAD Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/866581 [Accessed: 5 Aug 2022 12:11:05]",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,21.41,,,9.17,50.68,1,,Malcolm Adams,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Baschurch,SJ4222,,52.79243489,-2.86155268,WAW-CFBA91,,WAWCFBA91.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/madams/WAWCFBA91.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1192374.jpg
1075774,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,-300,"A complete, copper alloy, Pin of possible prehistoric date, Bronze-Iron Age, 1500-300 BC. The object comprises a narrow cylindrical shank with a sharp point. At the opposite terminal to the point, the terminal has radial ridges. The whole object has a brown-green patina seen in this region on prehistoric alloys. However, there is little else distinguishing this object from Post Medieval or Modern items.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.17,,4.35,,85.54,1,,Edwin C Wood,Eastern,Hertfordshire,Dacorum,Tring Rural,SP9113,,51.80824102,-0.68149326,BUC-176B67,,BUC176B67.jpg,"A complete, copper alloy, Pin of possible prehistoric date, Bronze-Iron Age, 1500-300 BC.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwin/BUC176B67.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1193837.jpg
1076134,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-1100,"A complete copper alloy palstave axehead with side loop of Middle Bronze Age date from the period c.1250-1100BC.

The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan, with convex expanding sides, and a convex cutting edge.&nbsp;The cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical and blunt. It measures 45.81mm in width and is 1.52mm thick. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The object measures 27.23mm in width and 30.32mm thick at the stop ridge. Both faces present a triangle below the stop ridge and at the upper portion of the blade that points towards the blade.

The object has a U-shaped septum and straight-sided open flanges for hafting. At the stop ridge&nbsp;the flange has a depth of 9.1mm. The butt end thins and is complete with a straight, blunt side. It measures 22.03mm in width and is 3.6mm thick.

There is a single side loop on one side of the palstave. A casting seam is present along both sides of the object. Overall the object has smooth light green patina.

Dimensions: Overall length 127.06mm; width 27.23mm; thickness 30.32mm; weight 316.6g

The palstave fits within the&nbsp;Wilburton and Penard assemblages of the later Middle and earlier Late Bronze Age; this corresponds with Needham (1996) Period 5-6 fitting with Metalworking Assemblage X.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,316.6,,,30.32,127.06,1,,Heather Beeton,North West,Cheshire East,Cheshire East,Audlem,SJ6544,,52.99217865,-2.52286986,LVPL-4DD308,,LVPL4DD308.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPL4DD308.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1193791.jpg
1076148,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"A Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave axehead, probably&nbsp;of Transitional or Late type, dating to Circa 1100 - 900&nbsp;BC.

Description:&nbsp;The butt end is damaged and incomplete. The flanges begin about three quarters&nbsp;of the way along the butt&#39;s length.&nbsp;The casting seam is visible along the sides of the axehead.&nbsp;The stop is pronounced and overhangs a little.&nbsp;The stop has rounded&nbsp;corners with the flanges. The loop survives only as residual stumps on one side, and originally arced over the position on&nbsp;the stop. The blade is quite thick&nbsp;before flaring out at the blade end into a curved cutting edge. There is a slight ridge down the centre of each wide face of the blade.

The axehead has a heavily mottled patination of mid green overlain with a patchy brown layer. It has corroded quite badly and exhibits damage and wear that suggests the object has spent some time in an active ploughed environment.&nbsp;

Total Measurements:&nbsp;126mm long, 30.9mm wide at the loop, 35.47mm wide at blade edge, 28.12mm thick at stop, and 300g in weight",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,300,,,28.12,126,1,,Steven Nye,London,Greater London Authority,Bromley,Bromley Common and Keston,TQ4166,,51.37555314,0.02446052,KENT-4E0C1E,,KENT4E0C1E.jpg,Bronze Age palstave,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lrogerson/KENT4E0C1E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1195747.jpg
1076442,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1250,"An incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy probably side-looped spearhead dating from about 1550&nbsp;BC&nbsp;- 1250&nbsp;BC. It fits into the Acton Park or Taunton phases. These phases correspond with Needham&#39;s Period 5 (c. 1500 - 1150&nbsp;BC). The spear head is probably Davis&nbsp;group 6.

The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade with a pronounced mid-rib on both faces, triangular in cross-section, giving a lozenge shaped cross-section at the point. There is some damage to the edges of the blade and no edge bevels are discernable. The upper blade edges are concave. The spearhead is broken just below the widest point of the blade, so the socket is missing. The spear has a smooth dark brown patina.

Compare WMID-56E2E4 and see also Davis, R (2017) A Short Guide to early and Middle Bronze Age Spearheads. Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet No.5.

Length:&nbsp;78.9mm
Width:&nbsp;24.46mm
Thickness:&nbsp;10.3mm
Weight:&nbsp;24.54g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-05-01T00:00:00Z,2022-05-01T00:00:00Z,,,24.54,,,10.3,78.9,1,,Chris Scriven,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Clapham cum Newby,SD7369,,54.11615505,-2.41453633,SWYOR-A25501,,SWYORA25501BronzeAgeSpearHead.jpg,SWYOR-A25501 Bronze Age Spear Head,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYORA25501BronzeAgeSpearHead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1193811.jpg
1076474,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A fragment from the blade end of a cast, copper alloy socketed axehead of Bronze Age date, about 1300 BC&nbsp;- 800 BC, type unknown. Only the convex cutting edge survives, with concave sides tapering to a very worn break. The end of the socket is visible across the break. It is triangular in section.&nbsp;The remaining fragment has a smooth, dark green patina. It is 46.1mm long, 18.4mm wide and 6.9mm thick. It weighs 21.59g.&nbsp;It is probably a Northern type of socketed axe.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,2022-05-27T00:00:00Z,,,21.59,,,6.9,46.1,1,,Joan Tozer,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Craven,Rylstone,SD9659,,54.02697792,-2.06255101,SWYOR-A371FD,,SWYORA371FDBronzeAgeAxehead.jpg,SWYOR-A371FD Bronze Age Axehead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYORA371FDBronzeAgeAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1194447.jpg
1076523,Chisel,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-750,"An incomplete cast copper alloy tanged and collared chisel of Late Bronze Age date, probably of Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking industry, corresponding with Needham&rsquo;s (1996) Periods 6-7, dated to c.1150-750 BC. The chisel is comprised of the blade and a fraction of the tang with a surviving overall length of 65.5mm. The tang is 9.8mm long (terminating in an old break), sub-square in section (5.4mm wide x 4.9mm deep) and flares out to a sub-oval collar (2.9mm tall x 11.5mm wide x 10mm deep) that narrows before the flanged shoulder (with a minimum width of 7.5mm). The sides of the blade are curved slightly before straightening out at the end, reaching a maximum width of 27.4mm. &nbsp;The original blade edge has been lost and has been lost but is roughly straight and asymmetrical, possibly indicating extensive use-wear, and is diagonal in angle with a chunk missing from the corner. Traces of striations are visible on one side. The surface on the opposing side has been lost to old damage. The surviving surface is a medium-dark green patina with patches of lighter green corrosion and black staining, probably from the deposition environment. The chisel weighs 228.79g.

Tanged and collared chisels typically date from the Late Bronze Age to Earliest Iron Age. An example dating to the Wilburton/Wallington phase is known from Doncaster, Yorkshire (Burgess 1968, 19, fig 7,2; Burgess, Coombs and Davies, 1972, 217), though the many may be dated to the Ewart Park phase (c.950-700&nbsp;BC) and into the subsequent Llyn Fawr period (c.700-600&nbsp;BC).

Tanged and collared chisels have a broad distribution across northern France, Britain and Ireland (see Coffyn et al. 1981, 202-203, Carte 7), though there are relatively few examples from western England and Wales. A very similar example with a thick collar and triangular blade can be seen in the large Ewart Park phase Nottingham Hill hoard, Gloucestershire (Gingell 1974, 308, fig 4,22), as well as a single find from Leigh Woods, Bristol (MacGregor 1987, 109, 11.65). Another example was found at Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No 288.3) associated with a socketed gouge and a fragmentary Hallstatt &#39;C&#39; sword.

Similar objects have been recorded on the PAS database e.g. NMGW-E96F08, SOM-C8B934, WAW-199132.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,228.79,,,10,65.5,1,,Adelle Bricking,West Midlands,County of Herefordshire,County of Herefordshire,Peterchurch,SO3433,,51.99151092,-2.96260172,NMGW-A5C7CE,,NMWPA20221091.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/NMWPA20221091.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1193483.jpg
1076927,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1150,"An incomplete cast copper alloy low flanged palstave axe with side loop of Middle Bronze Age dating&nbsp;c.1400-1150 cal BC.

The object is very worn and abraded but has a single midrib visible on&nbsp;each face with&nbsp;a worn shield shaped pattern below the curved stop ridge. The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan, with convex expanding sides, and a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is slightly asymmetrical and worn and measures 47.55mm&nbsp;in width.

&nbsp;In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the thickest&nbsp;section at the stop ridge.&nbsp;The object has a U-shaped septum and straight-sided flanges for hafting which are very worn. On one side of the palstave, in line with the stop ridge are two circular worn scars that are the remains of a&nbsp;single side loop. The object has a dark brown patina with patches of bright orange.

Dimensions: Length 113.44mm; width 47.55mm; thickness at stop ridge: 19.27mm; weight 221g.

A wide variation of palstave types are known from throughout the Middle Bronze Age and this example is worn but&nbsp;has characteristics most similar with low flanged palstaves of&nbsp;Group III type&nbsp;(following Schmidt and Burgess 1981). This type mainly dated to theTaunton phase (1400-1275 cal.&nbsp;BC), but could extend into the Penard phase (1275-1100 cal.&nbsp;BC) (Needham et al. 1997).&nbsp;&nbsp;Other recorded examples include LVPL-4E864F; and&nbsp;WAW-33F1B7. However, the axehead also has features which are typical of some continental palstaves found principally in Northern France but which are also found in the south of Britain. A similar unlooped axehead from the Bais hoard with rounded stop, mid-rib and shield with a narrow blade is illustrated in Melin and Nordex (2019), Fig. 11 no: 152. A recorded example on the PAS database:&nbsp;OXON-992040&nbsp;dating 1350-1150 cal BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-08-01T00:00:00Z,,,,221,,,19.27,113.44,1,,Jane Clark,South East,East Sussex,Rother,Central,TQ7507,,50.8360729,0.48392625,SUSS-D0EA27,,SUSSD0EA27a.jpg,A copper alloy low flanged palstave axe with side loop,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSSD0EA27a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1195073.jpg
1077010,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl of late Bronze Age date, with a&nbsp;rectangular cross section One end tapers gently to a point, the other abruptly&nbsp;to a flat, flared chisel-like terminal. The surface has a dark-green patina. There is no evident decoration.",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800&nbsp;BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800&nbsp;BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-08-14T00:00:00Z,,,,3.34,,,4,52,1,,Philip Smither,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,Aston Tirrold,SU5684,,51.55211743,-1.19372178,BERK-E1A7CB,,BERKE1A7CB.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERKE1A7CB.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1193978.jpg
1077165,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1150,"A fragment from the tip&nbsp;probably of a Bronze Age weapon, most likely a&nbsp;rapier dating to the Middle Bronze Age c. 1550-1150 cal&nbsp;BC.&nbsp;

The fragment is from the tip of the blade. It has a pointed oval shaped cross section with wide flat faces and then bevelled&nbsp;blades edges which have been abraded and&nbsp;chipped to become rounded. It widens slightly from its bluntly rounded point to&nbsp; a diagonal break.the fragment has a dark brown sometimes green patina.

The fragment is 36mm long, 18.6mm wide, 2.4mm thick and weighs 6.20 grams.

While a more recent Roman or Medieval date should not be excluded the form of this fragment is consistent with many other rapier fragments recorded by the&nbsp;PAS&nbsp;including&nbsp;LVPL-D62ACD,&nbsp;NMS-3054A6&nbsp;and&nbsp;NMGW-E0FD70.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-07T00:00:00Z,2022-07-07T00:00:00Z,,,6.2,,,2.4,36,1,,Edward Caswell,South East,Oxfordshire,Cherwell,Bucknell,SP5725,,51.92061442,-1.17259831,OXON-F98009,,OXONF98009.jpg,Bronze Age rapier fragment,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXONF98009.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1194535.jpg
1077241,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"Copper alloy axe fragment. Crescentic cutting end of a cast bronze axe. Found among the stones from a potato picking machine. Suggested date: Bronze Age, 1500-800BC

Length [from drawing]: 42mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,,,,,42,1,,Marina Elwes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Willoughby with Sloothby,TF4771,,53.21572856,0.20003978,NLM-36864C,,NLM50766.jpg,Bronze age axe fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM50766.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1194233.jpg
1077245,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1800,1400,"Flat flanged axe, flared cutting edge. Suggested date: Early to Middle Bronze Age, 1800-1400 BC.

Length [from drawing]: 105mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-10-12T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,105,1,,Marina Elwes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Welton Le Marsh,TF4769,,53.19776412,0.19911956,NLM-36A322,,NLM50767.jpg,Early Bronze Age axe,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM50767.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1194235.jpg
1077479,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-1000,"Leaf shaped spearhead, socket end not preserved. Suggested date: Middle Bronze Age, 1400-1000BC.

Length [from drawing]: 75mm&nbsp;","The finder is listed as N F, possibly a member of the family of the finder cited here: S F",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2000-10-20T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,,75,1,,Marina Elwes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Worlaby,TA0114,,53.6128228,-0.47477764,NLM-4E10D1,,NLM50802.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM50802.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1194430.jpg
1077585,Harness Fitting,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1020,-800,"A complete cast copper alloy harness fitting of Late Bronze Age date (c. 1020 &ndash; 800 BC). The ring consists of a circular ring (internal diameter 6.5mm, external diameter 18.9mm, 6.9mm thick) with an integrally cast sub-rectangular slot (outside dimensions 10.5mm long x 5.1mm high x 3.6mm thick; internal dimensions 5.3mm long x 2.5mm high) projecting from one end, resulting in a maximum length of 22.1mm. A raised moulded&nbsp;central rib/seam runs along the outer circumference of the ring, giving the object a flattened hexagonal shape in plan. The object is a smooth mid to dark green patina with pocks of light green corrosion on both faces and weighs 8.54g.

Similar objects can be seen in the Late Bronze Age hoard of harness fittings found at Parc-y-Meirch, Denbighshire (Savory 1976: 52 fig.9). The similar objects in this hoard were situated within a larger outer ring, likely facilitating straps on a horse harness. These objects likely date to the transitional period between the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. 

Similar objects are recorded on the PAS database e.g. CAM-6A8D1B, WAW-03C3E, &nbsp;HESH-7BCA6C, HESH-6A1A13.",Thanks to Cat Rees for her help with the record.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,8.54,,,6.9,22.1,1,,Adelle Bricking,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,Wilton,SU2860,,51.33840448,-1.59943305,NMGW-620797,,20229331.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20229331.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1194586.jpg
1077697,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A complete copper-alloy awl of late Bronze Age date, 49.7mm in length. One half has a sub rounded cross section and tapers to a point, the other has a sub rectangular section and tapers to a rounded chisel&nbsp;tip.&nbsp;The surface has a deep-green patina and there is no evident decoration.",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800&nbsp;BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800&nbsp;BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,4.4,,,3.8,49.7,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Overton,SU4949,,51.23808422,-1.29949303,SUR-74CDD0,,SUR74CDD0.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR74CDD0.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1194856.jpg
1077728,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1500,100,"A cast copper alloy &#39;moustache-shaped&#39; object of late Bronze Age or Iron Age date c. 1500BC - AD100.

The object is&nbsp;formed from a pair of globular ovoid elements&nbsp;with sweeping, drop shaped ends which taper upwards and slightly outwards towards pointed tips. The pair of ovoids are&nbsp;connected with&nbsp;a narrowed bar creating a deep recess between them.&nbsp; The upper edges of the bar are&nbsp;arched with a sub rectangular hollow between the projecting tips&nbsp;suggesting the object fitted on to another object. The outer surfaces of the ovoid elements&nbsp;are smooth with three areas of worn and feint decoration visible in the form of 3 or 4 parallel, vertical,&nbsp;short grooves incised in the middle of the ovoids on either side of the arched edge of the bar. The object has a dark grey patina and the weight suggests this is probably a&nbsp;leaded copper-alloy.

Measurements: height: 20.30mm; width: 20.62mm; thickness: 11.39mm and weight: 13.85g.&nbsp;

A number of these so called &#39;moustache&#39; shaped objects of have now been recorded, with distinct variants identifiable. e.g. SUR-C942E4; KENT-4C615E;&nbsp;NMS-949F71&nbsp;and BH-BD3AFC. They are thought to date from the middle Bronze Age to the late Iron Age. Their function is uncertain, although recess in the body of this example (and in many of the others known) suggests that they were decorative&nbsp;mounted terminals, possibly associated with&nbsp;a dagger handle or on the end of a scabbard; however the absence of evidence makes this entirely conjectural.

One example was found in the Salisbury Hoard&nbsp;which contained Bronze Age material but was buried in the Iron Age (Stead, 1998, no.117).&nbsp;Another example was found in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (Current Archaeology March 2012, Issue 264, 35).&nbsp;",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,13.85,20.3,,11.39,,1,,Jane Clark,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Upton Grey,SU7147,,51.21779408,-0.98479937,SUSS-776773,,SUSS776773.jpg,A cast copper alloy 'moustache-shaped' object,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS776773.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1195867.jpg
1077991,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A bent copper-alloy awl of late Bronze Age date, 79.3mm in length. One half has a sub rounded cross section and tapers to a point, the other has a sub rectangular section and tapers to a rounded chisel&nbsp;tip.&nbsp;The surface has a deep-green patina and there is no evident decoration.",Plain copper alloy awls are hard to date precisely but examples of this form are thought to have been introduced in the Bronze Age (2150-800&nbsp;BC) with most being Late Bronze Age in date (1150-800&nbsp;BC).,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-07-30T00:00:00Z,,,,6.3,,,3.6,79.3,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Twyford,SU4827,,51.0403587,-1.31674122,SUR-E149F6,,SURE149F6.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SURE149F6.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1195089.jpg
1078124,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1600,"A fragment of copper-alloy flat axehead of Early Bronze Age date (2350-1600BC).

Description:&nbsp;The fragment is relatively short and represents the butt end of the axehead. The butt is rounded narrow and very thin almost like it has extensive post casting working to make it that thin. The fragment widens slightly towards a jagged and patinated break. It has a dark green pitted surface. There maybe evidence of hammering to break up the axehead on one of the upper surface shown by a rectangular mark that has patinated differently.

Measurements: 40.09mm long, 28.31mm wide, 10.8mm thick and 46.68g in weight.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,46.68,,,10.8,40.09,1,,Jo Ahmet,South East,Kent,Dover,Whitfield,TR3146,,51.16657208,1.30278042,KENT-FDBBE3,,KENTFDBBE3a.jpg,Flat axehead fragment,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ucljo/KENTFDBBE3a.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1195291.jpg
1078588,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"Two fragments of a Middle to Late Bronze Age copper-alloy rapier. They are heavily abraded around the edges (with total or near-total loss of original edge) and do not fit perfectly together. However, they are likely to be two parts of a single object since they are of similar thickness and width, with the same lozengiform cross-section and central longitudinal ridge on both faces. They also have a very similar very dark brown and green patina. They were discovered approximately twenty-five metres apart.

One piece is long and narrow, the other is slightly shorter and wider, but tapering in width from one end to the other, so that at its narrow end it is less than two millimetres wider than the narrow piece. c. 1600 to 1000 B.C

Fragment 1 - Length: 46.0mm. Width: 18.3mm. Thickness: 4.5mm. Weight: 12.3g
Fragment 2 - Length: 40.7mm. Width (wide end): 23.3mm, (narrow end): 17.3mm. Thickness: 4.2mm. Weight: 12.4g
&nbsp;",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,,,,,,4.5,86.7,1,,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Old Buckenham,TM0891,,52.47727276,1.0613696,NMS-72E899,,65758_72E899_INDGP01092022AW_BA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,Two fragments of a Bronze Age rapier or dirk,Andrew Williams,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/65758_72E899_INDGP01092022AW_BA_Rapier_ILL.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1201482.jpg
1078632,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1250,-950,"A complete&nbsp;cast copper alloy late Middle Bronze Age side looped and shield-patterned palstave, 131mm in length, of the late Penard / early Wilburton&nbsp;tradition (c. 1150-950 cal BC).

There is a single side loop at the mid point on one side.&nbsp;The blade flares out to a crescentic cutting edge, 46mm in width, with pointed corners. There are moulded shield shapes on both sides of the blade in front of the stop ridge.&nbsp;The butt is triangular in section and thickens towards the mid point of the axehead; both sides have flanges which start a short way in from the butt corners and expand to join the stop ridge, which is slightly curved. There are casting seams running along both sides which have have been filed down along the sides of the axe (the front half) but which remain along the rear portion.",Recorded from details emailed by the finder.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,320,,,33,131,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Fareham,Stubbington,SU5605,,50.84182408,-1.20602161,SUR-7442C2,,SUR7442C2.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR7442C2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1195783.jpg
1078875,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1700,-1500,"Description&nbsp;
Early to Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy flanged axehead, of Needham&rsquo;s (2017) Class 5D, Type West Drayton. &nbsp;The body is narrow and expands in width only very slightly with near-straight sides for most of its length, from the semi-circular butt end to more than halfway along the blade. It then expands more dramatically and concavely to form the blade edge and crescentic cutting edge, with tips that recurve slightly. There is a subtle stop-bevel at the centre of the body (between haft and blade) on both faces.&nbsp;

The flanges extend more or less the full length of the body, from near the butt end to the edge-bevel of the blade. Viewed from the side, the blade, flanges and butt end together form a lenticular profile. The flanges are each divided into three longitudinal facets by two subtle arrises on the outsides. The two arrises (and so the central facet) form a narrower lenticular shape. The facets are covered with multiple cast-in shallow oblique grooves. These alternate in direction from facet to facet so that there is a near-ninety-degree angle between the grooves of one facet and its neighbour (a herringbone pattern).

The two flat faces of the blade also bear shallow cast-in grooves. Beginning at the stop-bevel and continuing as far as the edge-bevel of the blade, there are five&nbsp;triplets of transverse grooves extending from flange to flange. Some are approximately straight and others are slightly curved. The fifth&nbsp;triplet (immediately before the edge-bevel) on both faces is barely and only partially visible, except at a very limited angle of illumination. The spaces between each triplet on one face is fairly constant at around four to six millimetres. On the other face there is a larger gap of about eight millimetres between triplets four and five, while triplets two, three and four are closer, at four to five millimetres.&nbsp;All surfaces are patinated a fairly uniform mid greenish-brown. c. 1700 to 1500 B.C.

Dimensions
Needham&rsquo;s (2017; 5) abbreviations in parenthesis.

Total length (L): 117.8mm
Length of body, excluding butt and blade edge (LB): 95.0mm
Width at butt end (WB): 24.7mm
Width at centre of body (W2): 28.3mm
Width at 80% of length of body, from butt end (W3): 33.0mm
Width at cutting edge (WE) = 67.8mm
Maximum flange height (HF): 3.7mm
Thickness, including flanges: 19.7mm
Thickness, excluding flanges (MT): 12.3mm

Needham&rsquo;s (ibid; 6-7) critical dimension ratios
RWE = 0.576
RHF = 0.039
RBS = 0.435
MRW = 0.905

Weight
287g",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-03-16T00:00:00Z,2020-03-16T00:00:00Z,,,287,,,19.7,117.8,1,,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,King's Lynn and West Norfolk,Hockwold cum Wilton,TL6987,,52.45480714,0.48572475,NMS-8B1225,,PFd_64076_8B1225_INDGP01092022AW_BA_FlangedAxehead.jpg,Early to Middle Bronze Age flanged axehead,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_64076_8B1225_INDGP01092022AW_BA_FlangedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198783.jpg
1078906,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"A complete copper alloy (bronze) copper-alloy Primary / Early phase Group III palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating (1500-1300&nbsp;BC).

The object has a single midrib visible on both faces. The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan, with convex expanding sides, and a convex cutting edge. The cutting edge is slightly damaged, but appears to be symmetrical. The cutting edge measures 49.9 mm&nbsp;in width and is 2.4 mm&nbsp;thick. The blade has a length of 90.0 mm.

In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. It measures 25.4 mm&nbsp;in width and 24.5 mm&nbsp;thick at the stop ridge.

The palstave has a U-shaped septum and straight-sided open flanges for hafting. The septum is 18.2 mm wide. The flanges are complete. At the stop ridge on one face the flange measures 7.2 mm&nbsp;in depth. The butt of the object is complete and measures 22.7&nbsp;mm&nbsp;in width and 3.1&nbsp;thick. It is 66.3 mm long.&nbsp;&nbsp;A side loop is present. It measures 28.9 mm in length, 6.4 mm wide and 4.7 mm thick.&nbsp;

Overall the palstave measures 150.8 mm&nbsp;in length, a maximum width of 49.9&nbsp;mm, and a maximum thickness of 31.6&nbsp;mm. It weighs 412.6&nbsp;g.

The palstave is a mid green to brown colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.",The 3D model has been generated using the mobile phone scanning application Qlone.,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,412.6,,,31.6,150.8,1,,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Lichfield,Shenstone,SK0700,,52.59774884,-1.89808834,WMID-9C1A13,,WMID9C1A13.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Complete palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID9C1A13.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1195993.jpg
1078947,Penannular Ring,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"A complete copper-alloy penannular ring of possible Bronze Age date, c.1000 &ndash; 800 BC.

The ring is circular in plan and section with a small gap between two flat terminals.

The metal has a mid-green/black patina and is worn. The object is 14.7mm in diameter, 4.7mm thick and weighs 3.1g

Penannular rings are characteristic finds of the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC), usually being gold plated around copper cores. They are commonly referred to as &#39;hair-rings&#39; and &#39;ring-money&#39; but their function remains uncertain. It is perhaps most likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange. The uncertainties around their use are complicated by the fact that very few are recorded from secure archaeological contexts.

While the general form of this ring is consistent with such Bronze Age objects, the lack of a gold covering makes it difficult to be certain. This object may be more recent and serve a different function than that suggested.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,3.1,,14.7,4.7,,1,,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,East Riding of Yorkshire,East Riding of Yorkshire,Ellerker,SE9329,,53.74908357,-0.5911716,YORYM-9D0DD3,,CHC0160.jpg,Bronze Age : Penannular Ring,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/CHC0160.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196682.jpg
1079121,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1300,-600,"An incomplete, heavily worn fragment of a cast Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head, dating to c.1300-700cal BC. The fragment consists of the axe&#39;s blade above which is a worn and abraded break that reveals a shallow portion of the socket. The axe fragment is sub-trapezoidal in plan with the sides being slightly concave, particularly on one side as the tip of the blade is not abraded like the other.&nbsp;The blade is an asymmetrical crescent which is possibly due to wear rather than abrasion.

The broken edge of the axe runs transversely across its body giving a flat edge. In cross section the body of the axe is rectangular as revealed by the break. The cross-section perpendicular to the break is sub-triangular excluding the socket.&nbsp;The survivnig socket is only 12.73mm deep.

The axehead fragment is 28.68mm long from break to blade, 43.03mm wide, 12.59mm thick at its break and weighs 40.82&nbsp;grams.

The fragment represents part of the blade end of a rectangular bodied socketed axe. The lack of diagnostic features prevents a more exact type or parallel for the its form being cited however Socketed Bronze Age Axe are believed to date from the middle of the Middle Bronze Age (c.1300 cal&nbsp;BC) to the Earliest Iron Age (c.700/600cal&nbsp;BC).",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-01T00:00:00Z,2022-07-20T00:00:00Z,,,40.82,,,12.59,28.68,1,,Angie Bolton,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Wootton,SP4802,,51.714684,-1.30663148,OXON-B310BE,,OXONB310BE.jpg,"Bronze Age socketed axe (plan, profile and plan).",Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ambolton/OXONB310BE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196241.jpg
1079123,Spear,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"Deark green copper alloy spearhead, corroded.&nbsp;Very mangled remains of a spear head.&nbsp;Suggested date: Middle to Late Bronze Age, 1600-800BC

Length: 41.7mm, Width: 19mm, Thickness:&nbsp;3.4mm, Weight: 6.75gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,6.75,,,3.4,41.7,1,,Marina Elwes,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Horncastle,TF2569,,53.20338515,-0.13000956,NLM-B32197,,NLM51055.jpg,Bronze age spearhead,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM51055.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196180.jpg
1079219,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-2050,"An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2350&nbsp;BC&nbsp;to c. 2050&nbsp;BC).

The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in shape with an incomplete rounded shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with tapering edges. The axehead is broken, with the butt end missing. The break is an irregular concave in shape; the width at the break is 37.99&nbsp;mm&nbsp;(thickness:7.23 mm). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the break to the blade; in shape they are relatively straight. The axe is thickest at the mid point (11.33&nbsp;mm), with no sign of a proto stop ridge. The sides of the blade expand to produce a rounded blade edge with an abraded width of 45.59 mm&nbsp;(thickness 7.98mm).

It measures 62.07mm&nbsp;in length, &nbsp;and it has a maximum thickness of 11.32&nbsp;mm. It weighs 145.65 grams.

The axe is a mid to dark brown colour, with an uneven surface patina. One side has a patch of light green corrosion where the surface patina is damaged, possibly from abrasion caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of the original surface detail.

The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age and is comparable to (although not containing all the attributes of Migdale axes (many of these tend to have narrower butts which flare at the cutting edge).

These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage II, which corresponds to Needham&#39;s (1996) Period 2 circa 2350- 2050 CAL.&nbsp;BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.

Reference:

Needham, S. (1996) Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta Archaeologia, vol 67, pp121-140

Schmidt, P.K. &amp; Burgess, C.B. 1981. The Axes of Scotland and Northern England. Prahistorische Bronzefunde. Abteilung IX. Band 7. C.H. Beck&#39;Sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen. p.46-47",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-05-12T00:00:00Z,,,,145.65,,,11.32,62.07,1,,Andrew Agate,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,,NZ1885,,55.1590032,-1.71904144,NCL-F0A63E,,NCLF0A63E_1.jpg,NCL-F0A63E,Tyne and Wear Museums,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/andyagate/NCLF0A63E_1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196397.jpg
1079232,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-950,-750,"An incomplete copper alloy (bronze) probable socketed axehead or chisel fragment, of Late Bronze Age dating (c. 950&nbsp;BC&nbsp;to c. 750&nbsp;BC). The expanded blade has a curved convex (crescent shaped) cutting edge which is incomplete. The sides do not appear to be faceted and no ribs are present on either the front or back of the axehead fragment. The blade shows signs of wear to the edge, suggesting that this miniature axehead was a tool and not a small votive offering.

The patina is a light brownish green, with an uneven slightly pitted surface.&nbsp;

The object is sub-rectangular in plan&nbsp;

weight is 12.95g; Max Length, 22.34mm; Max Width 28.92mm; Max Thickness 9.43mm

The maximum depth of the socket is 13.94mm.&nbsp;",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-08-01T00:00:00Z,2020-08-31T00:00:00Z,,,12.95,,,9.43,22.34,1,,Andrew Agate,North East,Northumberland,Northumberland,Meldon,NZ1388,,55.18611613,-1.79737613,NCL-F12C3E,,NCLF12C3EMiniAxehead.jpg,NCL-F12C3E,Tyne and Wear Museums,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/andyagate/NCLF12C3EMiniAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196972.jpg
1079288,Flat Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"A cast copper alloy flat axe dating from the Early Bronze Age, that is about 2200 BC&nbsp;- 1900&nbsp;BC. The axe is narrow with tapering sides. It has an oblique butt and is lenticular in cross-section. The sides curve outwards to form the tips of the cuttin edge, and there is no edge bevel. There is no sign of a stop ridge nor any flanges.&nbsp;The surface is pitted and corroded and&nbsp;the remaining surface has a &nbsp;speckled&nbsp;light&nbsp;green patina. Measurements; length 96.5mm, width 48.5mm (cutting edge) &nbsp;28.2mm at the( butt end), thickness 8.6mm (&nbsp;body), 7.8mm&nbsp; (butt&nbsp;end)&nbsp;6.4mm (cutting edge). the weight is 162.9g.

Compare SWYOR-9EC7C9 and&nbsp;LANCUM-E3C336.&nbsp; This axe shares similarities with axes of the Migdale, Brithdir and Willerby metalwork traditions (Rohl and Needham 1990, 102),&nbsp;EBA&nbsp;II - III.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-07-01T00:00:00Z,2022-07-01T00:00:00Z,,,162.9,,,8.6,96.5,1,,Diane Gourley,Yorkshire and the Humber,Calderdale,Calderdale,Illingworth and Mixenden,SE0729,,53.75731445,-1.89530978,SWYOR-F3E7ED,,SWYORF3E7EDPH2.jpg,Bronze Age Flat Axe Head,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/phil17/SWYORF3E7EDPH2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1199693.jpg
1079295,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Upper blade-hilt/butt part of a Middle Bronze Age rapier, of Burgess and Gerloff (1981) group IV, all old surfaces are thinly patinated chocolate brown, most probably from deposition (originally) in damp conditions, known as water patination. Most edges are relatively recently damaged and show as pale green, though both&nbsp;sides of the blade expansion for the handle survives as&nbsp;original straight edges, indicating that this rapier had the rivets fully enclosed in a trapezoidal sheet Cua rather than the edges cut or cast with open &ldquo;slots&rdquo; for the attachment of the rivets, these are now damaged and the two rivets themselves are loose, but intact (each slightly bent with hammered&nbsp;ends, c. 16 x 5, expanding to 6.5 mm). The hilt constricts rapidly from the broad, flat hilt into the long, narrow blade of lenticular section, most of which is missing, broken transversely by an ancient break with little sign of bending prior to snapping. 1,600 to 1,000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-05-19T00:00:00Z,2022-06-16T00:00:00Z,,,62,,,4,120.5,1,,Jason Gibbons,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Bressingham,TM0883,,52.40545518,1.05639157,NMS-F4446E,,Image2662.jpg,,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jasongibbons/Image2662.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196708.jpg
1079303,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Leaf-shaped blade from a&nbsp;very small Middle Bronze Age side-looped spearhead, broken relatively recently across the junction between the socket and the blade itself, the blade has a pronounced median ridge, the remains of the socket is cast offset to one face, now 13 mm deep and 5 mm diameter at the break, constricting towards the point. All old surfaces are patinated a dark glossy chocolate colour with adherent iron oxides (water patination), the recent surface loss is more of a green colour now. 1,600 to 1,000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-05-19T00:00:00Z,2022-06-16T00:00:00Z,,,14,,,9,55.5,1,,Jason Gibbons,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Shelfanger,TM0884,,52.41443244,1.05701268,NMS-F50ECB,,Image2652.jpg,,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jasongibbons/Image2652.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196693.jpg
1079308,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Elongated awl, of sub-square section at the junction of the long point and the short tang, the section changes to circular, blending towards the tip, the tang becoming more rectangular. The point is fairly recently bent as is the tang, probably due to disturbance from agricultural machinery. All old surfaces are patinated a dark chocolate colour, the recent loss to the surfaces is now green. Middle Bronze Age, 1,600 to 1,000 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-05-19T00:00:00Z,2022-06-16T00:00:00Z,,,16,,,6.25,111,1,,Jason Gibbons,Eastern,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Shelfanger,TM0884,,52.41443244,1.05701268,NMS-F550EB,,Image2642.jpg,,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jasongibbons/Image2642.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196692.jpg
1079426,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"An incomplete cast copper alloy spearhead of&nbsp;Late Bronze Age dating (c. 1000 BC to c. 800 BC).&nbsp;

The spearhead is in two joining fragments with patinated breaks.&nbsp; The edges and tip of the blade are damaged. The centre of the blade is divided by a tapering (tip to base) lozenge shaped midrib.&nbsp;The midrib is damaged on one side. The cutting edge is incomplete and is bevelled. There doesn&#39;t appear to be evidence of use or sharpening on the surface.&nbsp;

The tip part measures 46.5 mm&nbsp;in length and is 15.4&nbsp;mm&nbsp;wide at base and 4.2 mm&nbsp;wide at tip. It has a thickness of 7.7&nbsp;mm&nbsp;and weighs 16.5 g.

The lower&nbsp;part measures 49.5 mm&nbsp;in length and is 16.7 mm&nbsp;wide at top and 29.2 mm&nbsp;wide at base. It has a thickness of 10.2 mm&nbsp;and weighs 26.3&nbsp;g.

The total length of the object is 94 mm. The maximum width is 29.2 mm&nbsp;and the maximum thickness is 10.2 mm. The total weight of the spear is 42.8 g.

The object is a mid to dark green&nbsp;in colour with an even surface&nbsp;patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail and some damage to the object.

This object probably corresponds with examples from metal working phase I or II of the Late Bronze Age. Similar objects have also been recorded on the database including DENO-F70BF6, BUC-8CCAA3 and SF-161BF3.",3d Models have been generated using the mobile phone scanning application Qlone.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,42.8,,,10.2,94,1,,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Shropshire,Shropshire,Weston-under-Redcastle,SJ5730,,52.86575269,-2.64018436,WMID-0700DF,,WMID0700DF.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Incomplete spearhead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID0700DF.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196519.jpg
1079512,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1250,1500,"A near complete cast copper alloy awl or other leatherworking tool, likely of later Bronze Age date (c. 1250-700BC), but potentially dating from any time between the Bronze Age and the Medieval period (c. 1250BC-AD 1500).&nbsp; The awl is essentially complete barring some minor surface loss, particularly towards the tip.

The awl is rectangular in section at its thickest section c. 27mm away from the point. From this point the awl tapers to a rounded point at one end and tapers to a flattened point at the other. The flattened point was likely the tang and would have been inserted into a handle of wood, antler, or bone.

The awl has an uneven light green patina and small surviving fragments of dark patinated original surface and a pitting with lighter green corrosion.

This artefact type is well represented on the PAS database: c.f. BERK-A89238, OXON-60701B, SUR-74CDD0, and CORN-FE4339.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,2.57,,,3.1,49.5,1,,George Whatley,South East,Hampshire,Test Valley,Houghton,SU3333,,51.0953641,-1.53013441,NMGW-1F0897,,20221394.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/dellbricking/20221394.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196705.jpg
1079515,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"Fragment of the blade end of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe. The cutting edge is convex and complete, although worn. At the opposite end the fragment terminates in a worn and fairly straight transverse break (a long oval in cross-section). From the break to the cutting edge it expands in width with straight sides, only very slightly concavely flaring out at the lateral tips. It tapers in thickness slightly convexly from the break to a point at the tip. The socket survives to depth of eleven millimetres. The external surface is patinated dark brown and pale-green. Similar to NMS-48F7A9. 10th to 8th century B.C.&nbsp;

Length: 30.0mm. Width: 40.5mm. Thickness: 11.5mm. Weight: 42.8g
&nbsp;",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-09-08T00:00:00Z,2020-09-08T00:00:00Z,,,42.8,,,11.5,30,1,,Andrew Williams,Eastern,Norfolk,Breckland,Old Buckenham,TM0790,,52.46867534,1.04604686,NMS-1FE364,,PFd_56759_1FE364_INDGP01092022AW_BS_SocketedAxehead.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_56759_1FE364_INDGP01092022AW_BS_SocketedAxehead.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198775.jpg
1079681,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-800,"Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe fragment of indeterminate type dating&nbsp;to c.1100 &ndash; 800BC

Description:&nbsp;The fragmentary cast axe is represented by a blade fragment only and is of comparatively slender form. At the top of the fragment is the base of the socket of sub-rectangular form (22.01mm x 7mm and with a maximum surviving depth of 4mm), probably broken in antiquity.&nbsp; The cutting edge is gently curving with rounded corners. The surfaces are badly corroded with no evidence of a casting seam or any decoration. It has a mid-green patina.

Dimensions:&nbsp;length 34.94mm, width 35.80mm, thick 12.26mm, weight 56.22g

Discussion: The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification indeterminate. The presence of a socket base indicates a Late Bronze Age date for the axe, c.1100 &ndash; 800BC. The fragment is comparatively heavy, possibly suggesting a leaded bronze, consistent with late Bronze Age and particularly Ewart Park metalwork.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,56.22,,12.25,12.26,34.94,1,,Steven Nye,South East,Kent,Canterbury,Barham,TR1946,,51.17128886,1.13141792,KENT-483F66,,KENT483F66.jpg,Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe,Kent County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/lrogerson/KENT483F66.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1196939.jpg
1079698,Unidentified Object,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1250,-100,"A cast copper alloy &#39;moustache&#39; shaped object of uncertain use. The object is three-dimensional and consists of a single drooping ovoid element with pointed tips. These ovoid is decorated with multiple grooves running down the body but stopping before the tip. The base of the ovoid is flat and reveals a hollow interior; at this point at the rim is a circular hole that passes through both sides passing through both sides. 

A number of these have now been recovered and several are recorded on the PAS database, including WMID-CA9D04, BH-037A57 and SF-520513. There is some variation in these objects. &nbsp;One example was found in the Salisbury Hoard (Stead, 1998, no.117), and as such, they are thought to date from the middle Bronze Age to the late Iron Age. Dr JD Hill at the British Museum suggests that they are Iron Age rather than Bronze Age, but this is yet to be confirmed by excavation of a stratified example. Many form the terminal of a bar shaped object that has a hole passing through the centre, these are solid one piece castings and have led to the theory that they could be dagger fittings. However this example was riveted in place via a pin that passes horizontally through the mount, this type of attachment may have proven to be too delicate for a dagger. The absence of clear archaeological evidence makes the true use of these objects conjectural, but it entirely likely that this style of object may have had a number of uses.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-05-26T00:00:00Z,2022-07-04T00:00:00Z,,,3.36,,,9,19,1,,Kurt Adams,South West,Gloucestershire,Tewkesbury,Dumbleton,SP0336,,52.02241099,-1.95769116,GLO-49A053,,GLO49A053.jpg,,Bristol City Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/kadams/GLO49A053.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1197221.jpg
1080168,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-600,"A possible late Bronze Age,&nbsp;plano-convex, bronze ingot or &quot;cake&quot; (c. 1150 - 600&nbsp;BC). A cast&nbsp;sub-triangular copper alloy object with a lens- shaped longitudinal section.&nbsp;&nbsp;The side&nbsp;edges are bevelled, top and bottom are slightly&nbsp;curved. All&nbsp;surfaces are corroded with irregular patches of green crust. &nbsp;Several&nbsp;examples of&nbsp;plano-convex ingots can be seen in&nbsp;records on the&nbsp;database;&nbsp;for example&nbsp;NMS-67D9E3,&nbsp;SOM-C304F9,&nbsp;SUR-0E8478 and&nbsp;NLM-C11C1B.

Length 66 mm, width 38 mm, thickness 8.4 mm and&nbsp;weight 89.1 g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,89.1,,,8.4,66,1,,Simon Nicholson,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,South Kesteven,Old Somerby,SK9639,,52.93981849,-0.57295468,DENO-C471A8,,DENOC471A8.jpg,Bronze Age ingot,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meghank/DENOC471A8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198255.jpg
1080210,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of a socketed spearhead dating from the Bronze Age, probably the Middle or Late Bronze Age,&nbsp;about 1550 BC - 800 BC. The fragment is broken at both ends. There is a lozenge shaped socket at the base, broken just before the blades start to project. The socket extends as a lozenge shaped rib at the other end of the fragment. The edges of the blade are incomplete.&nbsp;The remaining portion of the spearhead is 44.5mm long, 21.1mm wide and 11.7mm thick. It weighs 22.7g.

Other fragments of this type are recorded on the database; compare for example records&nbsp;NMGW-5DE788 and&nbsp;WMID-CADEF7. See also Davis (2016) Later Prehistoric Finds Group Object Datasheet no.3 and Davis (2017) Object datasheet number 5. The fragment is too small to classify it further.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-06-09T00:00:00Z,2022-09-22T00:00:00Z,,,22.7,,,11.7,44.5,1,,Jack Coulthard,Yorkshire and the Humber,Barnsley,Barnsley,Hunshelf,SE2500,,53.4961132,-1.62462455,SWYOR-C68040,,SWYORC68040BronzeAgeSpearheadikwcopy.jpg,SWYOR-C68040 Bronze Age Spearhead,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYORC68040BronzeAgeSpearheadikwcopy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1200898.jpg
1080389,Bead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,A cast copper-alloy bead of Bronze Age date. The bead is bi-conical in shape with a circular hole slightly off-centre. This circular hole is 5.8mm in diameter. The patina is smooth and dark brown in colour with some small areas of surface wear. Similar in form to ESS-975247,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-09-01T00:00:00Z,,,,5.2,,13.5,7.8,,1,,Philip Smither,South East,Hampshire,Winchester,Corhampton and Meonstoke,SU6220,,50.97608318,-1.11827242,BERK-167894,,BERK167894.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK167894.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198352.jpg
1080524,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-1150,"A&nbsp;fragment of&nbsp;Middle Bronze Age rapier dating to&nbsp;c. 1550-1150 cal&nbsp;BC. This slender fragment appears to be from the tip of a rapier. The opposite end is broken, but this is not due to recent damage. The&nbsp;find has a sub-rectangular cross section. It has&nbsp;flat surfaces, which do not appear to have been deliberately bent prior to deposition. The&nbsp;edges of the blade are bevelled although these&nbsp;are now abraded and&nbsp;chipped. The surfaces of the blade are pitted and worn.

Dimensions: Length: 35.1mm; width: 13.8mm; thickness: 2.9mm; weight: 5.15g.

The find is consistent with many other rapier fragments recorded by the&nbsp;PAS&nbsp;including&nbsp;OXON-7DE9EB, NMGW-587A08,&nbsp;SUR-BCF0BA&nbsp;and&nbsp;DENO-0EAF9.","There are two other Bronze Age objects recorded in the immediate area: NMGW-598318 and SUR-8A4D82, but&nbsp;neither is likely to be close enough to be part of a scattered hoard, therefore this find is not being reported as Treasure. Thanks to Dr Ed Caswell for his assistance with this identification.",4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2020-10-18T00:00:00Z,2020-10-18T00:00:00Z,,,5.15,,,2.9,35.1,1,,Sophie Hawke,South West,Wiltshire,Wiltshire,All Cannings,SU0764,,51.37501341,-1.90081929,WILT-1ABFCE,,WILT1ABFCE.jpg,WILT-1ABFCE,Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/sophaw123/WILT1ABFCE.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1197979.jpg
1080862,Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-1900,"A fragment of the butt end of a copper alloy axehead, possibly a flat and narrow-butted type of early Bronze Age date (c 2200-1900&nbsp;BC). The fragment has a flat rectangular cross section and a side profile which tapers towards the end with&nbsp;no evidence of side flanges. Most of the original surface has been lost and there is a large scratch across one side from recent damage.&nbsp;The axehead would have originally have had a long body with a curved, splayed cutting edge.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-09-04T00:00:00Z,,,,18.45,,,6.4,24.1,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,East Hampshire,Buriton,SU7421,,50.9836593,-0.94717473,SUR-42A106,,SUR42A106.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR42A106.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1197890.jpg
1080887,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-700,"A Complete copper alloy (bronze) socketed axe of the&nbsp;South Wales (Stogursey) type and of Ewart Park Metalworking Industry, of Late Bronze Age dating (c.&nbsp;1000-700BC)

The axehead is complete (with an overall length of 123.3 mm and a weight of 386.4 g). The mouth is sub-rectangular (45.0 mm long and 41.9 mm wide). The socket is rectangular (29.2 mm wide, 28.0 mm long and 95.8 mm deep).&nbsp; The mouth moulding has a well-defined rectangular step (9.7 mm long) with a prominent step to the face. The oval sectioned loop springs from the moulding (13.4 mm wide, 4.9 mm thick and 26.6 mm long). The sides are straight&nbsp;before widening to a moderately expanded blade edge (50.0 mm). The blade edge survives in places, with some damage in the centre showing bronze corrosion (making the edge look flatter), and gently curves out to the blade tips. There are a series of nicks at the blade edge, mostly in the central area beneath the patina. One side has some damage, which has cut through the patina, particularly on one edge. The casting seams are visible but have been neatly finished. The sides are slightly bevelled towards the central seam but are comparatively straight for the type, producing a near-rectangular body section. Both faces are decorated with five near-parallel ribs, terminating in a pellet, which extend over half the length of the face (for 58 mm). The ribs are even and neatly cast, but damaged beneath the patina on both faces. The faces are gently convex across both their lengths and widths and there are no blade facets.

Overall it measures 123.3 mm in length, 50.0 mm wide (blade edge), 46.8 mm (socket) and 45.2 mm thick (socket), 2.1 mm (blade). It weighs 386.4 g.

The socketed axehead is a dark brown colour, with an even surface patina.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-04-18T00:00:00Z,2022-04-18T00:00:00Z,,,386.4,,,45.2,123.3,1,,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Newcastle-under-Lyme,Maer,SJ7441,,52.96572596,-2.38855191,WMID-43D954,,WMID43D954.jpg,Late Bronze Age: Complete South Wales type socketed axehead,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID43D954.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1197843.jpg
1081095,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-1300,"An incomplete&nbsp;copper alloy Middle Bronze Age palstave, of Group 1 type, dating from 1500-1300&nbsp;BC. Only half of the palstave survives; the blade is missing. It is an unlooped type with a pronounced&nbsp;stop ridge dividing the septum from the shield shaped decoration at the top of the blade. Inside the shield is a V shape in relief, the point at the blade end. Below the shield there is a flat break showing signs of corrosion. From the stop ridge to the butt the sides are flanged in profile and taper to a point. This part&nbsp;is &#39;H&#39; shaped in cross section. The palstave&nbsp;measures 87.0mm long, 24.8mm wide, 25.1mm thick and weighs 185.75g. It has&nbsp;a mottled dark&nbsp;green and black patina. It is a Group I palstave, having&nbsp;a shield like decoration below the stop ridge. See&nbsp;https://finds.org.uk/guides/bronzeage/objects/axes.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-04-27T00:00:00Z,2022-07-27T00:00:00Z,,,155.75,,,25.1,87,1,,Julie Scriven,Yorkshire and the Humber,Barnsley,Barnsley,Hunshelf,SK2799,,53.4870266,-1.59456348,SWYOR-5AACC6,,SWYOR5AACC6BronzeAgePalstavecopy.jpg,SWYOR-5AACC6 Bronze Age Palstave,West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ikw1945/SWYOR5AACC6BronzeAgePalstavecopy.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198585.jpg
1081159,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-800,"An incomplete copper alloy spearhead&nbsp;tip dating to the Bronze Age (c. 1500-800 BC)

The object consists of the tip of the spearhead only, the rest of the body and socket are missing. The blade is sub-triangular in shape and lozenge in section. It has&nbsp;a prominent,&nbsp;pinched mid-rib running down the centre and the blades narrow towards the edges. The edges are rough and irregular as is the tip and break. The overall surface has a smooth dark brown patina with large areas of pitting.

Dimensions: Length 56.99mm; width 15.81mm; thickness 6.99mm; weight 11.72g

The object is too fragmentary to determine a typology or specific date, see Davis 2016 &amp; 2017 for details.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-07-01T00:00:00Z,2022-07-31T00:00:00Z,,,11.72,,,6.99,56.99,1,,Heather Beeton,North West,Cheshire West and Chester,Cheshire West and Chester,Huxley,SJ4961,,53.14369165,-2.76391435,LVPL-6D4879,,LVPL6D4879.jpg,Bronze Age spearhead,National Museums Liverpool ,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/heatherbeeton/LVPL6D4879.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198290.jpg
1081187,Ingot,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2200,-800,A possible worn copper-alloy ingot. The ingot is straight on the long edges with rounded ends and is sub-ovate in section. There are no diagnostic features on the object detemining the date. Possibly Bronze Age.,,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,38.51,,,11.2,45.7,1,,Philip Smither,South East,Reading,Reading,Peppard,SU7277,,51.48737596,-0.96442236,BERK-7F1AB7,,BERK7F1AB7.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/pipsmither/BERK7F1AB7.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198996.jpg
1081220,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,MEDIEVAL,-1250,1500,"A cast copper alloy possible awl&nbsp; which is square in section, elongated triangle in plan as it&nbsp;tapers to a&nbsp;sharp point. The opposite terminal is a flat unbroken surface, with rounded edges.&nbsp;The surface has a mid green green. It measures 4.97mm wide, 4.62mm thick, 59.56mm long and weighs 5.08g.&nbsp;

The artefact is probably an awl, possibly a leather working awl, but this is not certain. Due to the condition of the surface it probably dates from the Bronze Age through to the Medieval period.&nbsp;&nbsp;

From the&nbsp;PAS&nbsp;website and record KENT-A762D7: (http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/awl) Awls are difficult to date but most copper-alloy examples are probably from the Late Bronze Age. They can have circular or square cross sections and are generally undecorated. They would have been used to make holes in leather or wood and many were probably were inserted into a handle made from organic materials. Awls were a range of rod-like tools that were usually round sectioned and pointed at one end, and rectangular sectioned with a square or chiselled edge at the other (Rowlands 1976 48). &#39;Awl&#39; is often used to refer to any number of small, pointed instruments. Referred to as &quot;pointed punches&quot; by Coles (1963-64 117). They were presumably used for perforating leather, but it was once suggested that they were used for tattooing human skin.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-01-01T00:00:00Z,2022-08-17T00:00:00Z,,,5.08,,,4.62,59.56,1,,Angie Bolton,South East,Oxfordshire,Vale of White Horse,Great Faringdon,SU2894,,51.64410719,-1.59674678,OXON-9ED81E,,OXON9ED81E.jpg,Bronze Age to Medieval awl (plan and profile).,Oxfordshire County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/ambolton/OXON9ED81E.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198188.jpg
1081286,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1001,"Approximately half of a palstave axe, only the cutting edge and the constriction towards the stop-ridge was recovered, the break appears to be ancient, two bubbles in the casting at the break may have contributed to the axe failing at this point. All surfaces are corroded and pitted with only small amounts of the original surface extant, mostly to the hammered area to either side of the blade. Middle Bronze Age, 1,600 to 1,000 BC.",,3,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-12-09T00:00:00Z,2021-12-09T00:00:00Z,,,98,,,13.5,56.5,1,,Jason Gibbons,,,,,,,,,NMS-AD1187,,20221003_124859.jpg,,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jasongibbons/20221003_124859.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198236.jpg
1081296,Axe,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2350,-1501,"Small flat axe, heavily corroded to the point of deep surface loss, patinated green with brown spotty patches, the deep areas of pitting is a powdery light green. No flanges noted or a stop ridge, likely to be an early type, probably of almost pure copper hence the extent of the corrosion. Early Bronze Age, 700 to 1,500&nbsp;BC.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-08-01T00:00:00Z,2022-08-01T00:00:00Z,,,85,,,10,67,1,,Jason Gibbons,Eastern,Norfolk,Broadland,Upton with Fishley,TG3912,,52.65302234,1.53208912,NMS-ADE4C2,,20221003_125006.jpg,,Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/jasongibbons/20221003_125006.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198244.jpg
1081782,Blade,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-800,"A middle to late Bronze Age&nbsp;copper alloy blade fragment dating c.1600-800BC.

The cast blade fragment is rectangular in plan with a lenticular&nbsp;cross-section and worn breaks. Both cutting edges are worn and abraded, and the blade has a raised rib in the centre of each face. The blade tapers in width from 24.94mm to 23.61mm. The metal surface is pitted and corroded, with a buff green colour.&nbsp;

Measurements: length 25.99mm, width 25.28mm, thickness 7.45mm, weight&nbsp;18.43g.

The original length of the blade is unknown and the fragment&nbsp;could be from a sword, knife, rapier, dirk, dagger or possibly a sickle; too little survives to be sure.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2019-11-17T00:00:00Z,,,,18.43,,,7.45,25.99,1,,Timothy Locke,South East,Kent,Ashford,Tenterden,TQ8730,,51.03892387,0.66595086,SUSS-EAD4E2,,SUSSEAD4E2.jpg,A copper alloy blade fragment,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSSEAD4E2.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1199102.jpg
1082069,Bracelet,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,IRON AGE,-1400,-750,"A cut fragment of a gold bracelet of suspected Middle to Late Bronze Age date (c. 1400 -750 BC). The fragment is 12.9g in weight and has been intentionally bent into a C-shape. The rod has a circular cross section of 4.4 mm in diameter and is undecorated, with the single remaining terminal being flat. The other end has been hammered and cut. The surface of the gold has faint faceting from hand working.

A number of fragments of gold rods of similar dimensions have been found in isolation and recorded by the PAS (e.g. KENT-A071A8 (2017T131), HAMP-8AFE65 (2019T1197), SWYOR-CBC05F (2019T849) etc). Whilst dating these individually can be problematic, very similar cut gold fragments have been recovered from hoards containing diagnostically Bronze Age objects such as the hoard from Fitzleroi farm, West Sussex &nbsp;(BM&nbsp;accession nos. 1996, 0902.1-42). The diameter of the rod and the shape of the terminal on this object can also be compared to round-sectioned bar bracelets of Bronze Age date (e.g, CAM-08B4E0 (2011 T926),&nbsp;LEIC-A3A9AE and NARC-10B4B1 (2019T1165)). The diameter of the rod is also comparable to Iron Age torcs such as&nbsp;NLM-605352 (2013T130), although it lacks the characteristic terminals or evidence of twisting typically seen in these later objects.",Found at some point in the 1970s/1980s whilst picking potatoes. Reported as Treasure Trove.,4,Gold,,"Treasure item found pre 1997, so undergoing Treasure Trove",Agricultural or drainage work,,,2022T980,,12.9,,4.4,,32.1,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Surrey,Guildford,Normandy,,,,,SUR-3DE17A,,SUR3DE17A.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR3DE17A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1198939.jpg
1082177,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1100,-900,"A worn&nbsp;and corroded, now incomplete probably Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave axehead of Transitional or Late type, dating to the Penard or Wilburton phase (MBA III to&nbsp;LBA&nbsp;I; c. 1100-900&nbsp;BC).

The butt and loop have been lost to an old break, beyond the point at which the&nbsp;flanges develop. Based on what survives, the flanges themselves have been abraded in places such that their original profile height cannot be replicated. The stop is pronounced and curved at its junction with the flanges. To one side, on the side, is a sub-oval depression, the only remnant of the loop which is otherwise missing.&nbsp;The blade is relatively short, thinning gradually, but consistently, from the stop ridge and with no, or little, flaring at the blade end. It is not apparently embellished, though the whole is now corroded. Consequently there is very little&nbsp;patination, with the best surviving remnants located at the butt end and being dark green in colour.

Measurements:&nbsp;97 mm long, 41.5 mm at widest (33 mm wide at stop-ridge without loop) 34 mm thick (at stop-ridge) and xx g in weight",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-24T00:00:00Z,2022-03-24T00:00:00Z,,,,,,34,97,1,,Rob Webley,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,Saltash,SX3858,,50.39949487,-4.28079534,DEV-41CD0C,,DEV41CD0Cpalstave.jpg,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley2/DEV41CD0Cpalstave.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1199338.jpg
1082212,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1900,-1800,"A complete copper alloy long flanged axehead. This axehead has a rounded arched butt and slightly diverging sides that abruptly expand to a broad crescentic blade and cutting edge, with the blade tips at right angles to the sides, but not recurving. Cast flanges extend along the sides,arching from the butt towards the middle of the axe and sloping down again to the blade expansion. This gives the axe a very shallow lenticular side profile. The flanges&nbsp;are slightly angled inwards on both faces.&nbsp;The axe has a very low ridge about two thirds of the way along the septum ( 42 mm from the butt)&nbsp;which may indicate the beginnings of stop ridge technology as is seen on later flanged axes and palstaves. The surfaces are is&nbsp;pitted in some areas and there is some damage and loss to the but, cutting edge and flanges. Possibly a Needham Class 4C.
Date:&nbsp;Early Bronze Age (MBA I) c.1900-1800&nbsp;BC

Dimensions: 94.52 mm x 43.79 mm x 12.54 mm
Weight: 132.07

Similar to DOR-A727D7",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,132.07,,,12.54,94.52,1,,Ciorstaidh Hayward Trevarthen,South West,Dorset,West Dorset,Winterborne St. Martin,SY6288,,50.69040026,-2.539322,DOR-4374E1,,4374E1.jpg,Middle Bronze Age Flanged Axe,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/caht/4374E1.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1199028.jpg
1082317,Pin,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1250,"An incomplete, copper alloy dress pin, likely Middle Bronze Age in date (c. 1400-1250 BC) and known as a Picardy pin. The head of the pin is globular with a hollow terminal that could have held a stone. The edge of the hollow appears to possibly have been crimped so as to enable it to be compressed and thus hold the stone in place. The head has a diameter of 8.49mm, whilst the diameter of the shaft immediately beneath it is 5.15mm. This increases to 5.67mm over a distance of 10.63mm, after which there is a central swelling decorated with alternating grooves and ridges (11 grooves, 10 ridges) that run circumferentially around the swelling, with a maximum diameter of 7.14mm in the centre of the swelling. This then tapers to 4.99mm before the break. There is the remnant of a loop that would have protruded from the shaft. The object has a Verdigris patina.

&quot;Sally Worrell (PAS adviser) says that these pins &quot;Represent a valuable addition to the small dataset found in Britain and elsewhere in the north European Plain. These pins are mostly, but not always decorated and may be perforated or looped or neither and share common features such as the shape of the head, the swelling of the neck and decoration in the form of incised linear motifs. They occur within the &#39;Ornament horizon&#39; phase of the late Taunton or early Penard phase of the later mid Bronze Age, approximately 1400-1250 BC&quot;.&quot;
- Byard, A (2009) BERK-2E4E35: A BRONZE AGE PIN Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/254946 [Accessed: 11 Oct 2022 12:33:27].",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-05-01T00:00:00Z,,,,8.07,,7.14,,43.07,1,,Malcolm Adams,Yorkshire and the Humber,Doncaster,Doncaster,Norton,SE5314,,53.61986799,-1.20022324,WAW-555009,,WAW555009.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/madams/WAW555009.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1199195.jpg
1082488,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1275,"A corroded palstave&nbsp;of South Western type dating from the Taunton phase (c.1400-1275&nbsp;BC) of the Middle Bronze Age.&nbsp;It is incomplete insofar as no trace of a loop survives. The axehead&nbsp;has a solidly rectilinear butt which&nbsp;flares outwards very gradually as it develops into the blade, and ultimately a narrow cutting edge. In profile the butt end expands into flanges to give it broadly triangular sides;&nbsp;the stop ridge is deep which creates a distinctive &#39;H&#39; cross section&nbsp;(Pearce&nbsp;1983,&nbsp;29- 30,&nbsp;582).&nbsp;This axehead appears to be of &#39;class 2, group 1&#39; as&nbsp;there is a distinct central mid-rib on the upper&nbsp;blade. There is no decoration on the lower blade, towards the cutting edge.&nbsp;

Measurements: 123 mm in length and&nbsp;24 mm in width at the middle. The butt end is 20 mm and then flares to the blade end with a width of 39 mm. The weight is&nbsp;210.93 g

Where the surface patina survives it is a dark green colour, verging on black in places. Otherwise, the surface is largely corroded, with pitting in places.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2022-06-17T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,123,1,,Courtney McElhinney,South West,Devon,Mid Devon,Bow,SX7199,,50.77619189,-3.83099004,DEV-69EE23,,DEV69EE23palstave.JPG,Middle Bronze Age palstave,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley2/DEV69EE23palstave.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1200949.jpg
1082497,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,1200,750,"A fragment of a copper-alloy Late Bronze Age&nbsp;socketed spear (spearhead), c.&nbsp;1200-750&nbsp;BC, comprising the terminal (tip).

The spearhead fragment is broadly sub-triangular and lozenge shaped in cross section. The terminal of the blade is very slightly abraded. The object is broken at the opposing terminal which exposes a circular shaped socket. The break is broadly straight on one side of the socket, and angled upwards on the other.&nbsp;The spearhead has a pronounced midrib which extends&nbsp;longitudinally along the central axis of the object. The edges of the blade are slightly abraded and the spearhead has a well developed smooth,&nbsp;green patina which has a smooth finish and is abraded in places.&nbsp;

Measurements: 50 mm in length, 38 mm in width and 26.38 g in weight",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,2022-06-17T00:00:00Z,,,26.38,,,,50,1,,Courtney McElhinney,South West,Devon,Mid Devon,Bow,SX7199,,50.77619189,-3.83099004,DEV-6A3B88,,DEV6A3B88spearhead.JPG,Late Bronze Age spearhead,Somerset County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/rwebley2/DEV6A3B88spearhead.JPG,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1200946.jpg
1082558,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-1100,"A copper- alloy palstave dating to the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1400-1100 cal BC.&nbsp;

The palstave has a narrow,&nbsp;squared&nbsp;butt flaring slightly to the stop ridge and which measures 67.03mm in length. The sides then narrow slightly beyond the stop ridges before flaring into a angle-sided, wedge-shaped blade with an asymmetrical, slightly curved cutting edge.&nbsp;The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and the side flanges of the butt are lozenge-shaped, tapering from the stop ridge to the end.&nbsp;The stop ridge is higher than the flanges and slightly curved. Below the stop ridge on both sides of the palstave&nbsp;are a pair of&nbsp; ribs forming a V-shape. There are two circular idents on one side of the palstave indicating that there could have been a side loop. The casting flashes on the long sides have been trimmed and hammered flat - this along with the worn cutting edge suggests the axe was functional and used. The surfaces are pitted and corroded with very little original surface remaining.

Measurements:&nbsp;Length, 169.57mm; Width (cutting edge), 57.08mm; Thickness (cutting edge), 4.38mm; Width (butt end), 24.61mm; Thickness (butt end), 5.66mm; Width (of stop), 35.89mm; Weight,&nbsp;510.2g

A similar palstave can be seen in&nbsp;DOR-BF8EF3 which notes:&nbsp;

&#39;Ed Caswell has kindly commented that this palstave,&nbsp;following Schmidt and Burgess (1981) typology, would be a class 3 (low flanged) palstave dating to 1400-1100 cal&nbsp;BC. He adds that as this is a find&nbsp;from the South West, a more suitable attribution&nbsp;would be&nbsp;Rowlands (1976) Class 1 (Developed shield pattern) group 5a (Hampshire variant) which again dates to c. 1400-1100 cal&nbsp;BC. and notes good examples as&nbsp;Hoard 158,&nbsp;palstave 1,&nbsp;&nbsp;Hoard 72,&nbsp;palstave 5 and in particular&nbsp;&nbsp;Class 3 (Birchington type), no.663 (ibid).&#39;",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,510.2,,,,169.57,1,,Tasha Fullbrook,South West,Cornwall,Cornwall,St. Agnes,SW7146,,50.26946043,-5.2148893,CORN-6D0F22,,CORN6D0F22.jpg,CORN-6D0F22 - BA palstave,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tashamfullbrook/CORN6D0F22.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1199419.jpg
1082641,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"An incomplete copper alloy palstave fragment, of Middle Bronze Age dating (1600&nbsp;BC&nbsp;to 1000&nbsp;BC).

Around 25% of the palstave is present, consisting of the butt of the axe. The fragment is rectangular with an H shaped cross section. Both front and reverse faces have raised flanges, which taper out towards the butt. No traces of decoration are visible. Air bubbles from the casting process are visible in the break.

It measures 23.3 mm&nbsp;in length, 23.6 mm&nbsp;wide and 11.2 mm&nbsp;thick (including flanges), 6.1&nbsp;mm&nbsp;thick (not including flanges). The butt is 3.5 mm&nbsp;thick. It weighs 17.4 g.

The palstave is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.

A couple of similar palstave butt fragments have been recorded on the PASdatabase, including WMID-6BB769; WMID-8C75C9; WMID-B04587; NMS-86C152; LIN-A5DA60 and NMGW-FC4B96.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,17.4,,,11.2,23.3,1,,Teresa Gilmore,West Midlands,Staffordshire,Tamworth,Spital,SK2305,,52.64225854,-1.66152828,WMID-80C009,,WMID80C009.jpg,Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete palstave,Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/tgilmore/WMID80C009.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1199521.jpg
1083136,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-2150,-1850,"A complete Early Bronze Age copper alloy long flanged developed axehead dating to -2150-1850&nbsp;BC.

The axehead&nbsp;was cast in a two-part mould. The axehead is sub rectangular in cross section and has a shallow lenticular side profile. There is likely a proto stop ridge / median bevel which is now barely visible due to corrosion and the developed patina. The axehead has a slightly rounded butt end. The external edges are worn and have a slight hammer raised flange. The object then extends to a crescentic flared blade/cutting edge which is worn. The object has a green to brown coloured pitted surface patina. 

Thanks are given to Peter Reavill who suggests via comms that the axe head came from the later phases of the Early Bronze Age (EBA&nbsp;III) of metalworking stage IV, which corresponds to Needham&#39;s (1996) Period 3. There are further examples recorded on the PAS database including DOR-4374E1 discovered in Dorset and NARC-59DFC7 discovered in Northamptonshire. 

The flanged axehead measures 113.5&nbsp;mm in length, 54.8&nbsp;mm in width, 12.6&nbsp;mm in width just above the blade edge and 7 mm at the butt end. It weighs 282&nbsp;grams.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,282,,,12.6,113.5,1,,Victoria Allnatt,East Midlands,Lincolnshire,East Lindsey,Hemingby,TF2376,,53.26674022,-0.15723643,WMID-E6F192,,WMIDE6F192.jpg,"Early Bronze Flanged Axehead (front, profile, reverse, profile)",Birmingham Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/vallnatt/WMIDE6F192.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1199938.jpg
1083604,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1400,-800,"A fragment of the tip of a late middle to late Bronze Age socketed spear, 36.4mm in length, possibly of pegged or looped type (circa 1400&nbsp;BC&nbsp;- 800&nbsp;BC). The blade is triangular, narrow and was originally probably leaf shaped. It has a pronounced rounded midrib&nbsp;8.9mm thick. The object has been damaged and distorted by being exposed to a fire; it is unclear whether this damage was pre or post depositional in origin.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,10.57,,,8.9,36.4,1,,Simon Maslin,South East,Hampshire,Basingstoke and Deane,Candovers,SU4546,,51.21143899,-1.35716182,SUR-1107B4,,SUR1107B4.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR1107B4.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1200270.jpg
1083847,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1500,-700,"Copper alloy casting jet, possible Bronze Age, crude irregular inverted cone, both sides with a casting flash. 29.5 x 24mm. Height&nbsp;31mm. Weighs 46.01g. c. 1500-700 BC.",,4,Copper alloy,Other,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-05-03T00:00:00Z,2022-06-07T00:00:00Z,,,46.01,31,,,29,1,,Steven Ashley,,Norfolk,South Norfolk,Ditchingham,TM3391,,52.46718399,1.42881676,NMS-14FB68,,PFd_63604_14FB68_NMD062022_BA_CastingWaste.jpg,"Casting jet, possibly Bronze Age",Norfolk County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/awilliamsnorfolk/PFd_63604_14FB68_NMD062022_BA_CastingWaste.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1201188.jpg
1084230,Awl,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-800,"A Bronze Age? copper-alloy awl, dating to&nbsp;c. 1150 - 800&nbsp;BC.&nbsp;The object is square in cross section along half of its length, and at the mid-point tapers to a circular cross-sectioned and point at one terminal. At the other terminal it flattens to become rectangular in cross-section, before ending in a chisel-shaped terminal. The surface is undecorated.&nbsp;
Length: 63&nbsp;mm
Thickness: 7 mm
Weight: 1.46 g",Images and information kindly provided by the finder.,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,1.46,,,,63,1,,Megan Gard,East Midlands,Leicestershire,Harborough,Theddingworth,SP6686,,52.46795873,-1.02989097,LEIC-68AB22,,68AB22.jpg,Bronze Age awl,Derby Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/meggard1/68AB22.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1200533.jpg
1084385,Casting Waste,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1300,-800,"A cast copper alloy casting jet or &quot;gate&quot; with one stump&nbsp;of a sprue, possibly&nbsp;Late Bronze Age in date. The jet is made of a domed body that is D-shaped in cross section with an oval base. The single sprue is oval in cross section extending 7.5 mm before ending in a rounded break. The jet is a dark, sometimes medium, green colour.

The jet is 24.8mm in diameter on its body and 18.8mm thick.The fragment weighs 24.88 grams.

Casting jets are waste products which form at the top of a two-piece clay mould when the molten metal has filled the object-shaped void below. As they represent re-usable metal, they were often retained and regularly turn up in base metal hoards of the period. Casting waste is difficult to date, but fragments with similar shapes exist on the&nbsp;PAS&nbsp;database (NMGW-57CD88, GLO-24BAE1, and IOW-904B38) ​​​​​​which are considered to be Late Bronze Age in date.&nbsp;Furthermore, Pearce (1983, 571, pl.10, no.82e) illustrates a similar casting jet with conical sprues from Lelant in Cornwall, which was found associated with swords fragments that are from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850&nbsp;BC) while Knight, Ormrod &amp; Pearce (2015, 82, pl.9, no.247f) illustrate a casting jet from Gussage All Saints in Dorset on which was found with a socketed axe mouth fragment.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2021-10-18T00:00:00Z,2022-10-18T00:00:00Z,,,24.88,18.8,24.8,,,1,,Edward Caswell,South East,Oxfordshire,South Oxfordshire,West Hagbourne,SU5287,,51.57947126,-1.25096423,OXON-7C88B5,,OXON7C88B5.jpg,Bronze Age Casting jet,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwardcaswelloxon/OXON7C88B5.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1200750.jpg
1084390,Awl,Bronze Age,Medieval,MEDIEVAL,-1150,1100,"An incomplete copper alloy possible awl of uncertain date, possibly dating to the Late Bronze Age - Medieval period, 1150&nbsp;BC&nbsp;-&nbsp;AD&nbsp;1100. The object is a single cast chisel with a flat bladed terminal that widens towards the middle of the piece before tapering down to a point which is now worn and broken. There is no decoration on the object and it has an dark orange&nbsp;brown patina. Small chisels and tools of this type were used for an extensive period of time, not simply in the Bronze age, but also in later periods for jewellery making and fine work. As such dating the object is difficult. The awl measures 35.2mm in length, 4.7mm in maximum thickness, and weighs 1.86g.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-08-10T00:00:00Z,,,,1.86,,,4.7,35.2,1,,Arwen Wood,South East,Buckinghamshire,Aylesbury Vale,Cheddington,SP9118,,51.85318387,-0.68018029,BUC-7CC0A8,,BUC7CC0A8.jpg,"An incomplete copper alloy possible awl of uncertain date, possibly dating to the Late Bronze Age - Medieval period, 1150 BC - AD 1100.",The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/edwin/BUC7CC0A8.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1201036.jpg
1084641,Palstave,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1150,-950,"An almost complete Late Middle Bronze Age looped palstave axehead &nbsp;of the late Penard / early Wilburton&nbsp;tradition dating c. 1150-950 cal&nbsp;BC.

The axehead is almost complete with an incomplete cutting edge. The butt end terminates in a straight edge measuring: 21.71mm wide and 5.93mm thick. The&nbsp;septum is rectangular&nbsp;and measures 66.93mm long from the stop to the butt.&nbsp;The flanges extend in a straight line rising from approximately 30mm from the butt&nbsp;and&nbsp;extending to meet the projecting stop-ridge. Adjacent to the stop is a single low attachment loop, with a D-shaped aperture, the loop measuring&nbsp;26.0&nbsp;mm&nbsp;long; 9.28mm wide and 6.75mm thick. There are no casting seams.

The blade is flat slender and&nbsp;and curves up steeply at the stop to meet the projecting&nbsp;stop-ridge; below which extend three worn parallel ribs on both sides of the blade measuring approximately 17mm in length. The flange sides of the axehead above the stop are straight and taper to the narrower butt. Below the stop ridge the sides of the blade narrow&nbsp;slightly in width&nbsp;and become slightly concave, flaring out gently&nbsp;to the cutting edge. The cutting edge is damaged along its length with the original profile lost.&nbsp;

Measurements: length: 150.46mm; width at stop-ridge excluding loop: 25.17mm; width at stop-ridge including loop: 36.98mm; thickness at stop-ridge: 31.91mm and weight: 353g.

This palstave was discovered in the vicinity of&nbsp;a Middle Bronze Age hoard&nbsp;SUSS-A2AE5D (2022T305); a couple of weeks after the excavation of the hoard. The notable difference in condition of this example and the later date suggest this was not&nbsp;part of the&nbsp;hoard.&nbsp;",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,353,,,31.91,150.46,1,,Jane Clark,South East,West Sussex,Horsham,Ashurst,TQ1716,,50.9315933,-0.33643094,SUSS-92DF44,,SUSS92DF44.jpg,A late copper alloy looped palstave axehead,Sussex Archaeological Society,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/janeclark68s/SUSS92DF44.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1201021.jpg
1086155,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Green copper alloy cast socketed axe fragment, from the mouth of the&nbsp;socket. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800BC

Length: 21.9mm, Width: 29.3mm, Thickness: 6.8mm, Weight: 12.30gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-09T00:00:00Z,,,,12.3,,,6.8,21.9,1,,Marina Elwes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Barton-upon-Humber,TA0022,,53.68489482,-0.48731714,NLM-B85DB1,,NLM51624.jpg,Bronze age socketed axe fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM51624.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1202603.jpg
1086165,Flanged Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1400,"A complete copper-alloy short flanged Caverton type axehead of early to middle Bronze Age date, c.AD 1600 - 1400&nbsp;BC. Caverton type. 

The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan with a rounded butt end, and concave and wasted sides which flare to a crescentic blade.

Two integral lateral lozenge shaped flanges are present along either side, rising steadily from the butt, rounding off at the apex midway along the body, before sloping steadily back down to the mid-point of the sides. The exterior surfaces of the flanges have been filed smooth leaving no visible casting lines.

A slight steepening to the profile of the axe is present slightly above where the flanges meet the body representing a very slight stop-ridge. D-shaped panels are present below the stop ridge.

The metal has a dark brown patina with some delamintation. The axehead is 154.9mm long, 74.9mm wide at the blade, 27.2mm wide at the butt end, 33.1mm thick at the widest point of the flanges, and weighs 530g.

Schmidt and Burgess illustrate similar examples on plate 36 (e.g. No.443) which are dated to the EBA-MBA transition, c.1600-1400 cal BC (1981: 85-86).

Ref:

Schmidt, P. K. &amp; Burgess, C. B. 1981.&nbsp;The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland.&nbsp;Pra&auml;historische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-03-06T00:00:00Z,,,,530,,,33.1,154.9,1,,Rebecca Griffiths,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Yorkshire,Hambleton,Thormanby,SE4873,,54.15058766,-1.26658603,YORYM-B8ADE4,,ML0075.jpg,Bronze Age : Flanged Axe,York Museums Trust,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/bmorris/ML0075.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1202608.jpg
1086173,Socketed Axehead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Green copper alloy socketed axe. Cast with linear patterns&nbsp;and hollow socket, single loop. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800BC

Length: 82.9mm, Width: 48.1mm, Thickness: 6mm",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-09T00:00:00Z,,,,,,,6,82.9,1,,Marina Elwes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Barton-upon-Humber,TA0022,,53.68489482,-0.48731714,NLM-B8E191,,NLM51627.jpg,Bronze age socketed axe,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM51627.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1202613.jpg
1086179,Sword,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1000,-800,"Green copper alloy with some corrosion, sword blade fragment. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1000-800BC

Length: 37.5mm, Width: 27.5mm, Thickness:&nbsp;5.9mm, Weight: 24.74gms",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2001-01-09T00:00:00Z,,,,24.74,,,5.9,37.5,1,,Marina Elwes,Yorkshire and the Humber,North Lincolnshire,North Lincolnshire,Barton-upon-Humber,TA0022,,53.68489482,-0.48731714,NLM-B90D69,,NLM51628.jpg,Bronze Age sword blade fragment,North Lincolnshire Museum,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/mforeman/NLM51628.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1202618.jpg
1086714,Rapier,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1600,-1000,"A fragment of a copper alloy (bronze) blade, likely a rapier or dirk and dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1600-1000 BC). The fragment has a lenticular cross section and is sub-trapezoidal in plan, starting at initially at 12.02mm wide at the bottom, expanding to 13.75mm wide before then tapering to 6.53mm at the top. A flattened midrib runs along the object. The blade is bent around half way along the length from the bottom before being bent back, forming a slight arch. The blade has lost much of its cutting edge due to abrasion in the soil. The blade has a Verdigris patina and pitting on the surface.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,,,,,20.94,,,4.47,100.53,1,,Malcolm Adams,West Midlands,Worcestershire,Malvern Hills,Ripple,SO8737,,52.03125408,-2.19090297,WAW-23205A,,WAW23205A.jpg,,The Portable Antiquities Scheme,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/madams/WAW23205A.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1203196.jpg
1086938,Spearhead,Bronze Age,Bronze Age,BRONZE AGE,-1550,-800,"A fragment of the tip of a Bronze Age spearhead, probably dating from the Middle or Late Bronze Age, c.1550 &ndash; 800&nbsp;BC.&nbsp;The fragment is narrow and triangular, tapering to the point. It has a pronounced oval&nbsp;midrib that is solid and runs&nbsp;to the point of the spear with narrow wings of the blade to either side. The break is ancient and highly abraded.",,4,Copper alloy,,Returned to finder,Metal detector,2022-08-27T00:00:00Z,,,,6.54,,,7.8,33.8,1,,Simon Maslin,East Midlands,Northamptonshire,South Northamptonshire,Aynho,SP5233,,51.99302262,-1.24408556,SUR-36969D,,SUR36969D.jpg,,Surrey County Council,Attribution License,https://finds.org.uk/images/smaslin/SUR36969D.jpg,https://finds.org.uk/images/thumbnails/1203395.jpg