Datasets:
deshanksuman
/
42D_sensemapped

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
Community
id
stringlengths
18
18
text
stringlengths
45
556
word
stringlengths
2
16
lemma
stringlengths
2
16
pos
stringclasses
4 values
gold
stringlengths
12
64
gold_definitions
stringlengths
9
271
possible_meanings
stringlengths
75
2.34k
42D.d000.s000.t004
The vast majority of *living* fish belong here ( 18,000 species or so ), which rival the insects in their multitude of adaptations and variety of external form.
living
living
ADJ
"living%5:00:00:extant:00"
"still in existence"
"living%3:01:00 : pertaining to living persons", "living%5:00:00:realistic:00 : true to life; lifelike", "living%5:00:00:absolute:00 : (informal) absolute", "living%5:00:00:extant:00 : still in existence", "living%5:00:01:extant:00 : still in active use", "living%5:00:00:live:01 : (used of minerals or stone) in its natural state and place; not mined or quarried"
42D.d000.s000.t006
The vast majority of living fish *belong* here ( 18,000 species or so ), which rival the insects in their multitude of adaptations and variety of external form.
belong
belong
VERB
"belong%2:42:07"
"be a member, adherent, inhabitant, etc. (of a group, organization, or place)"
"belong%2:40:00 : be owned by; be in the possession of", "belong%2:42:02 : be suitable or acceptable", "belong%2:42:03 : be in the right place or situation", "belong%2:42:01 : be rightly classified in a class or category", "belong%2:42:07 : be a member, adherent, inhabitant, etc. (of a group, organization, or place)", "belong%2:42:06 : be a part or adjunct"
42D.d000.s001.t014
They can live in hot springs, or can be dredged from the deepest abyssal *depths* of the ocean ; the latter are grotesque gargoyles that seem to belong in the paintings of Hieronymus Bosch.
depths
depth
NOUN
"depth%1:15:00"
"(usually plural) the deepest and most remote part"
"depth%1:07:00 : the extent downward or backward or inward", "depth%1:07:01 : degree of psychological or intellectual profundity", "depth%1:15:00 : (usually plural) the deepest and most remote part", "depth%1:26:00 : (usually plural) a low moral state", "depth%1:09:00 : the intellectual ability to penetrate deeply into ideas", "depth%1:07:02 : the attribute or quality of being deep, strong, or intense"
42D.d000.s002.t002
Some are *rapid* swimmers gathered together in silvery shoals, others sluggish bottom-dwellers spending most of their time buried in sediment.
rapid
rapid
ADJ
"rapid%5:00:02:fast:01"
"characterized by speed; moving with or capable of moving with high speed"
"rapid%5:00:00:fast:01 : done or occurring in a brief period of time", "rapid%5:00:02:fast:01 : characterized by speed; moving with or capable of moving with high speed"
42D.d000.s002.t008
Some are rapid swimmers gathered together in silvery *shoals*, others sluggish bottom-dwellers spending most of their time buried in sediment.
shoals
shoal
NOUN
"shoal%1:14:00"
"a large group of fish"
"shoal%1:17:02 : a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide", "shoal%1:17:01 : a stretch of shallow water", "shoal%1:14:00 : a large group of fish"
42D.d000.s003.t007
Most have a characteristic arrangement of paired *fins*, but these can be lost, or fantastically modified to form fans or poisonous barbs.
fins
fin
NOUN
"fin%1:05:00"
"organ of locomotion and balance in fishes and some other aquatic animals"
"fin%1:23:00 : the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one", "fin%1:06:03 : one of a pair of decorations projecting above the rear fenders of an automobile", "fin%1:06:01 : one of a set of parallel slats in a door or window to admit air and reject rain", "fin%1:06:02 : a shoe for swimming; the paddle-like front is an aid in swimming (especially underwater)", "fin%1:06:00 : a stabilizer on a ship that resembles the fin of a fish", "fin%1:05:00 : organ of locomotion and balance in fishes and some other aquatic animals"
42D.d000.s003.t017
Most have a characteristic arrangement of paired fins, but these can be lost, or fantastically *modified* to form fans or poisonous barbs.
modified
modify
VERB
"modify%2:30:10"
"cause to change; make different; cause a transformation"
"modify%2:30:00 : make less severe or harsh or extreme", "modify%2:30:01 : add a modifier to a constituent", "modify%2:30:10 : cause to change; make different; cause a transformation"
42D.d000.s003.t019
Most have a characteristic arrangement of paired fins, but these can be lost, or fantastically modified to *form* fans or poisonous barbs.
form
form
VERB
"form%2:30:05"
"assume a form or shape"
"form%2:41:00 : create (as an entity)", "form%2:42:00 : to compose or represent:", "form%2:42:02 : develop into a distinctive entity", "form%2:30:01 : give shape or form to", "form%2:36:00 : make something, usually for a specific function", "form%2:41:02 : establish or impress firmly in the mind", "form%2:30:05 : assume a form or shape"
42D.d000.s005.t003
Their rapidity of *evolution* is well-known : dozens of species have evolved in African fresh water lakes within the last million years.
evolution
evolution
NOUN
"evolution%1:22:00"
"(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms"
"evolution%1:22:01 : a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)", "evolution%1:22:00 : (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms"
42D.d000.s006.t005
They have as wide a *range* of life habits as any group, from scavengers, grazers, filter feeders, vegetarians, omnivores, to fierce predators with reputations to rival that of the sharks.
range
range
NOUN
"range%1:14:00"
"a variety of different things or activities"
"range%1:07:00 : an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:", "range%1:15:01 : the limits within which something can be effective", "range%1:15:02 : a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze", "range%1:17:00 : a series of hills or mountains", "range%1:06:00 : a place for shooting (firing or driving) projectiles of various kinds", "range%1:14:00 : a variety of different things or activities", "range%1:14:01 : (mathematics) the set of values of the dependent variable for which a function is defined", "range%1:09:00 : the limit of capability", "range%1:06:01 : a kitchen appliance used for cooking food"
42D.d000.s006.t014
They have as wide a range of life habits as any group, from *scavengers*, grazers, filter feeders, vegetarians, omnivores, to fierce predators with reputations to rival that of the sharks.
scavengers
scavenger
NOUN
"scavenger%1:05:00"
"any animal that feeds on refuse and other decaying organic matter"
"scavenger%1:27:00 : a chemical agent that is added to a chemical mixture to counteract the effects of impurities", "scavenger%1:18:00 : someone who collects things that have been discarded by others", "scavenger%1:05:00 : any animal that feeds on refuse and other decaying organic matter"
42D.d000.s006.t019
They have as wide a range of life habits as any group, from scavengers, grazers, filter *feeders*, vegetarians, omnivores, to fierce predators with reputations to rival that of the sharks.
feeders
feeder
NOUN
"feeder%1:05:01"
"an animal that feeds on a particular source of food"
"feeder%1:05:00 : an animal being fattened or suitable for fattening", "feeder%1:18:00 : someone who consumes food for nourishment", "feeder%1:17:00 : a branch that flows into the main stream", "feeder%1:06:00 : a machine that automatically provides a supply of some material", "feeder%1:06:01 : an outdoor device that supplies food for wild birds", "feeder%1:05:01 : an animal that feeds on a particular source of food"
42D.d000.s006.t023
They have as wide a range of life habits as any group, from scavengers, grazers, filter feeders, vegetarians, *omnivores*, to fierce predators with reputations to rival that of the sharks.
omnivores
omnivore
NOUN
"omnivore%1:05:00"
"an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances"
"omnivore%1:18:00 : a person who eats all kinds of foods", "omnivore%1:05:00 : an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances"
42D.d000.s006.t027
They have as wide a range of life habits as any group, from scavengers, grazers, filter feeders, vegetarians, omnivores, to fierce *predators* with reputations to rival that of the sharks.
predators
predator
NOUN
"predator%1:05:00"
"any animal that lives by preying on other animals"
"predator%1:18:00 : someone who attacks in search of booty", "predator%1:05:00 : any animal that lives by preying on other animals"
42D.d000.s007.t003
A coating of *scales* is characteristic, and the gills are covered by a movable flap ( the operculum ).
scales
scale
NOUN
"scale%1:05:00"
"a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals"
"scale%1:24:03 : an ordered reference standard", "scale%1:24:00 : relative magnitude", "scale%1:24:01 : the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it", "scale%1:20:00 : a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin", "scale%1:17:00 : a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin", "scale%1:10:00 : (music) a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme (usually within an octave)", "scale%1:06:02 : a measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass", "scale%1:06:00 : an indicator having a graduated sequence of marks", "scale%1:06:03 : a metal sheathing of uniform thickness (such as the shield attached to an artillery piece to protect the gunners)", "scale%1:05:00 : a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals"
42D.d000.s007.t009
A coating of scales is characteristic, and the *gills* are covered by a movable flap ( the operculum ).
gills
gill
NOUN
"gill%1:05:00"
"respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water"
"gill%1:23:02 : a British imperial capacity unit (liquid or dry) equal to 5 fluid ounces or 142.066 cubic centimeters", "gill%1:23:01 : a United States liquid unit equal to 4 fluid ounces", "gill%1:20:00 : any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus", "gill%1:05:00 : respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water"
42D.d000.s007.t014
A coating of scales is characteristic, and the gills are covered by a *movable* flap ( the operculum ).
movable
movable
ADJ
"movable%5:00:00:mobile:00"
"capable of being moved or conveyed from one place to another"
"movable%5:00:00:portable:00 : (of personal property as opposed to real estate) can be moved from place to place (especially carried by hand)", "movable%5:00:00:mobile:00 : capable of being moved or conveyed from one place to another"
42D.d000.s007.t015
A coating of scales is characteristic, and the gills are covered by a movable *flap* ( the operculum ).
flap
flap
NOUN
"flap%1:08:00"
"a movable piece of tissue partly connected to the body"
"flap%1:06:00 : any broad thin and limber covering attached at one edge; hangs loose or projects freely", "flap%1:26:00 : an excited state of agitation", "flap%1:11:01 : the motion made by flapping up and down", "flap%1:08:00 : a movable piece of tissue partly connected to the body", "flap%1:06:01 : a movable airfoil that is part of an aircraft wing; used to increase lift or drag"
42D.d001.s005.t002
The Victorian *Villas* here are even more splendid than in Cheyne Walk — reminiscent of Cheltenham with their cast iron decoration.
Villas
villa
NOUN
"villa%1:06:01", "villa%1:06:03"
"pretentious and luxurious country residence with extensive grounds", "detached or semidetached suburban house"
"villa%1:18:00 : Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)", "villa%1:06:03 : detached or semidetached suburban house", "villa%1:06:02 : country house in ancient Rome consisting of residential quarters and farm buildings around a courtyard", "villa%1:06:01 : pretentious and luxurious country residence with extensive grounds"
42D.d001.s006.t006
Styles vary from Jacobean with multi-gabled *frontages* to ‘ Tudorbethan ’ with battlements and pinnacles.
frontages
frontage
NOUN
"frontage%1:06:00"
"the face or front of a building"
"frontage%1:07:00 : the extent of land abutting on a street or water", "frontage%1:24:00 : the direction in which something (such as a building) faces", "frontage%1:06:00 : the face or front of a building"
42D.d001.s007.t006
Take time to look at the *corner* of the Hospital wall where stands a memorial to King Edward VII surmounted by a bronze of St. George and the Dragon by the eminent sculptor Sir George Frampton.
corner
corner
NOUN
"corner%1:06:01"
"(architecture) solid exterior angle of a building; especially one formed by a cornerstone"
"corner%1:15:02 : a place off to the side of an area", "corner%1:15:00 : the point where two lines meet or intersect", "corner%1:06:02 : an interior angle formed by two meeting walls", "corner%1:06:00 : the intersection of two streets", "corner%1:15:01 : the point where three areas or surfaces meet or intersect", "corner%1:25:00 : a small concavity", "corner%1:26:00 : a temporary monopoly on a kind of commercial trade", "corner%1:26:01 : a predicament from which a skillful or graceful escape is impossible", "corner%1:17:00 : a projecting part where two sides or edges meet", "corner%1:15:03 : a remote area", "corner%1:06:01 : (architecture) solid exterior angle of a building; especially one formed by a cornerstone"
42D.d001.s007.t014
Take time to look at the corner of the Hospital wall where stands a *memorial* to King Edward VII surmounted by a bronze of St. George and the Dragon by the eminent sculptor Sir George Frampton.
memorial
memorial
NOUN
"memorial%1:06:00"
"a structure erected to commemorate persons or events"
"memorial%1:10:00 : a recognition of meritorious service", "memorial%1:10:01 : a written statement of facts submitted in conjunction with a petition to an authority", "memorial%1:06:00 : a structure erected to commemorate persons or events"
42D.d001.s007.t021
Take time to look at the corner of the Hospital wall where stands a memorial to King Edward VII surmounted by a *bronze* of St. George and the Dragon by the eminent sculptor Sir George Frampton.
bronze
bronze
NOUN
"bronze%1:06:00"
"a sculpture made of bronze"
"bronze%1:27:00 : an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin", "bronze%1:06:00 : a sculpture made of bronze"
42D.d001.s007.t028
Take time to look at the corner of the Hospital wall where stands a memorial to King Edward VII surmounted by a bronze of St. George and the Dragon by the eminent sculptor *Sir* George Frampton.
Sir
sir
NOUN
"sir%1:18:01"
"a title used before the name of knight or baronet"
"sir%1:18:00 : term of address for a man", "sir%1:18:01 : a title used before the name of knight or baronet"
42D.d001.s008.t007
The General Hospital at the top of the *bill* was built by Samuel Saxon in 1793.
bill
bill
NOUN
"bill%1:10:02", "bill%1:10:00"
"an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution", "a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement"
"bill%1:10:04 : a statute in draft before it becomes law", "bill%1:10:01 : an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered", "bill%1:21:00 : a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)", "bill%1:04:00 : the entertainment offered at a public presentation", "bill%1:10:02 : an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution", "bill%1:10:00 : a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement", "bill%1:10:06 : a list of particulars (as a playbill or bill of fare)", "bill%1:06:01 : a long-handled saw with a curved blade", "bill%1:06:00 : a brim that projects to the front to shade the eyes", "bill%1:05:00 : horny projecting mouth of a bird"
42D.d002.s000.t003
In Britain, *Owen* and Mivart argued that many cases of evolution consisted of parallel lines of development within the same group, all driven in the same direction as though by an internally programmed force.
Owen
owen
NOUN
"owen%1:18:00"
"English comparative anatomist and paleontologist who was an opponent of Darwinism (1804-1892)"
"owen%1:18:01 : Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)", "owen%1:18:00 : English comparative anatomist and paleontologist who was an opponent of Darwinism (1804-1892)"
42D.d002.s000.t011
In Britain, Owen and Mivart argued that many cases of *evolution* consisted of parallel lines of development within the same group, all driven in the same direction as though by an internally programmed force.
evolution
evolution
NOUN
"evolution%1:22:00"
"(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms"
"evolution%1:22:01 : a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)", "evolution%1:22:00 : (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms"
42D.d002.s000.t014
In Britain, Owen and Mivart argued that many cases of evolution consisted of *parallel* lines of development within the same group, all driven in the same direction as though by an internally programmed force.
parallel
parallel
ADJ
"parallel%5:00:00:synchronous:00"
"of or relating to the simultaneous performance of multiple operations"
"parallel%3:00:00 : being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting", "parallel%5:00:00:synchronous:00 : of or relating to the simultaneous performance of multiple operations"
42D.d002.s001.t007
Darwin 's image of an irregularly branching *tree* thus did not fit the evidence.
tree
tree
NOUN
"tree%1:25:00"
"a figure that branches from a single root"
"tree%1:20:00 : a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms", "tree%1:25:00 : a figure that branches from a single root", "tree%1:18:00 : English actor and theatrical producer noted for his lavish productions of Shakespeare (1853-1917)"
42D.d002.s002.t011
The American neo-Lamarckians made the same point, arguing that the *fossils* seemed to support a theory of directed evolution, not one based on the selection of random variation by the local environment.
fossils
fossil
NOUN
"fossil%1:17:00"
"the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil"
"fossil%1:18:00 : someone whose style is out of fashion", "fossil%1:17:00 : the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil"
42D.d002.s002.t019
The American neo-Lamarckians made the same point, arguing that the fossils seemed to support a theory of directed *evolution*, not one based on the selection of random variation by the local environment.
evolution
evolution
NOUN
"evolution%1:22:00"
"(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms"
"evolution%1:22:01 : a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)", "evolution%1:22:00 : (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms"
42D.d002.s002.t029
The American neo-Lamarckians made the same point, arguing that the fossils seemed to support a theory of directed evolution, not one based on the selection of random *variation* by the local environment.
variation
variation
NOUN
"variation%1:09:01", "variation%1:18:00"
"something a little different from others of the same type", "(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration"
"variation%1:11:01 : an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change", "variation%1:04:00 : an activity that varies from a norm or standard", "variation%1:10:00 : a repetition of a musical theme in which it is modified or embellished", "variation%1:09:01 : something a little different from others of the same type", "variation%1:06:00 : an artifact that deviates from a norm or standard", "variation%1:25:00 : the angle (at a particular location) between magnetic north and true north", "variation%1:22:00 : the process of varying or being varied", "variation%1:19:00 : (astronomy) any perturbation of the mean motion or orbit of a planet or satellite (especially a perturbation of the earth's moon)", "variation%1:18:00 : (biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration", "variation%1:04:02 : (ballet) a solo dance or dance figure", "variation%1:04:01 : the act of changing or altering something slightly but noticeably from the norm or standard"
42D.d002.s003.t001
The *inheritance* of acquired characters explained these trends as a consequence of the animals specializing for a particular way of life chosen by their ancestors.
inheritance
inheritance
NOUN
"inheritance%1:07:02"
"(genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from the parents"
"inheritance%1:04:00 : hereditary succession to a title or an office or property", "inheritance%1:21:00 : that which is inherited; a title or property or estate that passes by law to the heir on the death of the owner", "inheritance%1:07:02 : (genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from the parents", "inheritance%1:07:01 : any attribute or immaterial possession that is inherited from ancestors"
42D.d002.s003.t004
The inheritance of acquired *characters* explained these trends as a consequence of the animals specializing for a particular way of life chosen by their ancestors.
characters
character
NOUN
"character%1:07:00"
"(genetics) an attribute (structural or functional) that is determined by a gene or group of genes"
"character%1:18:02 : an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)", "character%1:09:00 : a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something", "character%1:07:01 : the inherent complex of attributes that determines a persons moral and ethical actions and reactions; - Herbert Spencer", "character%1:09:01 : an actor's portrayal of someone in a play", "character%1:18:00 : a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)", "character%1:26:00 : good repute", "character%1:10:01 : a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability", "character%1:10:00 : a written symbol that is used to represent speech", "character%1:07:00 : (genetics) an attribute (structural or functional) that is determined by a gene or group of genes"
42D.d002.s003.t014
The inheritance of acquired characters explained these trends as a consequence of the animals *specializing* for a particular way of life chosen by their ancestors.
specializing
specialize
VERB
"specialize%2:30:07"
"evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment"
"specialize%2:30:00 : become more focus on an area of activity or field of study", "specialize%2:32:00 : be specific about", "specialize%2:30:01 : suit to a special purpose", "specialize%2:41:00 : devote oneself to a special area of work", "specialize%2:30:07 : evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment"
42D.d002.s005.t015
Hyatt in particular argued that the fossil invertebrates he studied showed patterns of progressive, Lamarckian *evolution* followed by an inexorable decline into racial senility and extinction.
evolution
evolution
NOUN
"evolution%1:22:00"
"(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms"
"evolution%1:22:01 : a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)", "evolution%1:22:00 : (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms"
42D.d002.s005.t023
Hyatt in particular argued that the fossil invertebrates he studied showed patterns of progressive, Lamarckian evolution followed by an inexorable decline into racial *senility* and extinction.
senility
senility
NOUN
"senility%1:07:00"
"the state of being senile"
"senility%1:28:00 : mental infirmity as a consequence of old age; sometimes shown by foolish infatuations", "senility%1:07:00 : the state of being senile"
42D.d002.s005.t025
Hyatt in particular argued that the fossil invertebrates he studied showed patterns of progressive, Lamarckian evolution followed by an inexorable decline into racial senility and *extinction*.
extinction
extinction
NOUN
"extinction%1:26:01", "extinction%1:11:00"
"no longer in existence", "complete annihilation"
"extinction%1:26:02 : no longer active; extinguished", "extinction%1:26:01 : no longer in existence", "extinction%1:22:00 : the reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation", "extinction%1:11:00 : complete annihilation", "extinction%1:09:00 : a conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus", "extinction%1:04:01 : the act of extinguishing; causing to stop burning"
42D.d002.s006.t008
Whole groups of organisms developed increasingly bizarre non-adaptive *characters* until they eventually disappeared altogether.
characters
character
NOUN
"character%1:07:00"
"(genetics) an attribute (structural or functional) that is determined by a gene or group of genes"
"character%1:18:02 : an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)", "character%1:09:00 : a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something", "character%1:07:01 : the inherent complex of attributes that determines a persons moral and ethical actions and reactions; - Herbert Spencer", "character%1:09:01 : an actor's portrayal of someone in a play", "character%1:18:00 : a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)", "character%1:26:00 : good repute", "character%1:10:01 : a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability", "character%1:10:00 : a written symbol that is used to represent speech", "character%1:07:00 : (genetics) an attribute (structural or functional) that is determined by a gene or group of genes"
42D.d002.s007.t016
By the end of the century many paleontologists supported the theory of orthogenesis, in which *variation* was supposed to be pushed in some preordained direction by forces built into the constitution of the organisms.
variation
variation
NOUN
"variation%1:22:00"
"the process of varying or being varied"
"variation%1:11:01 : an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change", "variation%1:04:00 : an activity that varies from a norm or standard", "variation%1:10:00 : a repetition of a musical theme in which it is modified or embellished", "variation%1:09:01 : something a little different from others of the same type", "variation%1:06:00 : an artifact that deviates from a norm or standard", "variation%1:25:00 : the angle (at a particular location) between magnetic north and true north", "variation%1:22:00 : the process of varying or being varied", "variation%1:19:00 : (astronomy) any perturbation of the mean motion or orbit of a planet or satellite (especially a perturbation of the earth's moon)", "variation%1:18:00 : (biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration", "variation%1:04:02 : (ballet) a solo dance or dance figure", "variation%1:04:01 : the act of changing or altering something slightly but noticeably from the norm or standard"
42D.d003.s000.t002
This short-tailed *shrew* can inflict an unpleasant bite with the help of spittle from its venomous salivary glands.
shrew
shrew
NOUN
"shrew%1:05:00"
"small mouselike mammal with a long snout; related to moles"
"shrew%1:18:00 : a scolding nagging bad-tempered woman", "shrew%1:05:00 : small mouselike mammal with a long snout; related to moles"
42D.d003.s001.t027
As the teeth sink into the flesh, the pressure of this action squeezes venom out of the glands and down the hollow tubes of the paired *fangs*.
fangs
fang
NOUN
"fang%1:05:01"
"canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey"
"fang%1:10:00 : a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon", "fang%1:05:02 : an appendage of insects that is capable of injecting venom; usually evolved from the legs", "fang%1:05:01 : canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey", "fang%1:05:00 : hollow or grooved tooth of a venomous snake; used to inject its poison"
42D.d004.s004.t022
‘ Our plan is that our IT systems will enable users to order direct from the supplier by electronic means from their *terminals*. This is the way many other forward-thinking organisations are going. ’
terminals
terminal
NOUN
"terminal%1:06:02"
"electronic equipment consisting of a device providing access to a computer; has a keyboard and display"
"terminal%1:06:00 : station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods", "terminal%1:06:01 : a contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves", "terminal%1:15:00 : either extremity of something that has length", "terminal%1:06:02 : electronic equipment consisting of a device providing access to a computer; has a keyboard and display"
42D.d004.s005.t016
As Robert points out this is the first time that this function has been run as a *single* corporate entity.
single
single
ADJ
"single%3:00:05"
"existing alone or consisting of one entity or part or aspect or individual"
"single%3:00:00 : being or characteristic of a single thing or person", "single%3:00:04 : used of flowers having usually only one row or whorl of petals", "single%3:00:05 : existing alone or consisting of one entity or part or aspect or individual", "single%3:00:02 : not married or related to the unmarried state", "single%5:00:00:unshared:00 : characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing", "single%5:00:00:uniform:00 : having uniform application", "single%5:00:00:concentrated:00 : not divided among or brought to bear on more than one object or objective"
42D.d004.s006.t018
‘ Our new structure is already paying dividends. We still have location-based teams but these work in *partnership* to make the best use of specific expertise at particular sites. We also have a small team responsible for driving corporate initiatives. For example they are looking at how the best of what other people do can be applied in the AEA. ’
partnership
partnership
NOUN
"partnership%1:24:00"
"a cooperative relationship between people or groups who agree to share responsibility for achieving some specific goal"
"partnership%1:14:00 : the members of a business venture created by contract", "partnership%1:24:00 : a cooperative relationship between people or groups who agree to share responsibility for achieving some specific goal", "partnership%1:10:00 : a contract between two or more persons who agree to pool talent and money and share profits or losses"
42D.d005.s001.t008
The methane of the coal seam could also be *oxidized* to formaldehyde, the basis of the acetal polymers, or even to higher alcohols — the other half of the polyester molecule.
oxidized
oxidize
VERB
"oxidize%2:30:00"
"add oxygen to or combine with oxygen"
"oxidize%2:30:01 : enter into a combination with oxygen or become converted into an oxide", "oxidize%2:30:00 : add oxygen to or combine with oxygen"
42D.d005.s001.t013
The methane of the coal seam could also be oxidized to formaldehyde, the *basis* of the acetal polymers, or even to higher alcohols — the other half of the polyester molecule.
basis
basis
NOUN
"basis%1:24:01"
"the most important or necessary part of something"
"basis%1:24:00 : a relation that provides the foundation for something", "basis%1:09:00 : the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained", "basis%1:24:01 : the most important or necessary part of something"
42D.d005.s001.t023
The methane of the coal seam could also be oxidized to formaldehyde, the basis of the acetal polymers, or even to higher *alcohols* — the other half of the polyester molecule.
alcohols
alcohol
NOUN
"alcohol%1:27:00"
"any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation"
"alcohol%1:13:00 : a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent", "alcohol%1:27:00 : any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation"
42D.d005.s003.t001
Once *formed* in place, they could be extracted by the Frasch process — pumping superheated stream down a borehole to blow them to the surface in molten form.
formed
form
VERB
"form%2:30:05", "form%2:42:02"
"assume a form or shape", "develop into a distinctive entity"
"form%2:41:00 : create (as an entity)", "form%2:42:00 : to compose or represent:", "form%2:42:02 : develop into a distinctive entity", "form%2:30:01 : give shape or form to", "form%2:36:00 : make something, usually for a specific function", "form%2:41:02 : establish or impress firmly in the mind", "form%2:30:05 : assume a form or shape"
42D.d005.s003.t020
Once formed in place, they could be extracted by the Frasch process — pumping superheated stream down a borehole to *blow* them to the surface in molten form.
blow
blow
VERB
"blow%2:38:03"
"cause to move by means of an air current"
"blow%2:29:00 : exhale hard", "blow%2:43:00 : be blowing or storming", "blow%2:29:01 : free of obstruction by blowing air through", "blow%2:38:00 : be in motion due to some air or water current", "blow%2:39:01 : make a sound as if blown", "blow%2:30:08 : shape by blowing", "blow%2:41:00 : make a mess of, destroy or ruin", "blow%2:40:02 : spend thoughtlessly; throw away", "blow%2:40:00 : spend lavishly or wastefully on", "blow%2:39:05 : sound by having air expelled through a tube", "blow%2:39:00 : play or sound a wind instrument", "blow%2:39:08 : provide sexual gratification through oral stimulation", "blow%2:38:09 : cause air to go in, on, or through", "blow%2:38:03 : cause to move by means of an air current", "blow%2:38:12 : spout moist air from the blowhole", "blow%2:38:08 : leave; informal or rude", "blow%2:35:08 : lay eggs", "blow%2:32:09 : cause to be revealed and jeopardized", "blow%2:32:03 : show off", "blow%2:32:12 : allow to regain its breath", "blow%2:30:04 : melt, break, or become otherwise unusable", "blow%2:30:07 : burst suddenly"
42D.d005.s004.t000
*So* DREADCO chemists are using all the cunning of modern catalytic chemistry to polymerize coal in situ.
So
so
ADV
"so%4:02:10"
"(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result"
"so%4:02:02 : to a very great extent or degree", "so%4:02:06 : in a manner that facilitates", "so%4:02:05 : in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied", "so%4:02:07 : to a certain unspecified extent or degree", "so%4:02:08 : in the same way; also", "so%4:02:04 : in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant)", "so%4:02:03 : (usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed", "so%4:02:09 : subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)", "so%4:02:10 : (used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result", "so%4:02:00 : in truth (often tends to intensify)"
42D.d005.s007.t001
The *seam* will be converted into a vast bed of crude acetal / styrene / ester copolymer.
seam
seam
NOUN
"seam%1:15:00"
"a stratum of ore or coal thick enough to be mined with profit"
"seam%1:06:00 : joint consisting of a line formed by joining two pieces", "seam%1:25:01 : a slight depression in the smoothness of a surface", "seam%1:15:00 : a stratum of ore or coal thick enough to be mined with profit"
42D.d005.s007.t010
The seam will be converted into a vast bed of *crude* acetal / styrene / ester copolymer.
crude
crude
ADJ
"crude%3:00:02"
"not refined or processed"
"crude%5:00:01:unskilled:00 : not carefully or expertly made", "crude%5:00:00:indecent:00 : conspicuously and tastelessly indecent", "crude%3:00:02 : not refined or processed", "crude%5:00:00:early:02 : belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness", "crude%5:00:00:unconditional:00 : devoid of any qualifications or disguise or adornment", "crude%5:00:00:unanalyzed:00 : not processed or subjected to analysis"
42D.d005.s009.t000
*Oil* and gas will provide our energy : they are good at that.
Oil
oil
NOUN
"oil%1:27:01"
"a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons"
"oil%1:27:00 : a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water", "oil%1:06:01 : oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist", "oil%1:27:01 : a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons", "oil%1:13:00 : any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants"
42D.d006.s000.t007
It can be equally successful to use *ranges* of blues with silver, and whites and creams always blend well with the lighter coloured leaves.
ranges
range
NOUN
"range%1:14:00"
"a variety of different things or activities"
"range%1:07:00 : an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:", "range%1:15:01 : the limits within which something can be effective", "range%1:15:02 : a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze", "range%1:17:00 : a series of hills or mountains", "range%1:06:00 : a place for shooting (firing or driving) projectiles of various kinds", "range%1:14:00 : a variety of different things or activities", "range%1:14:01 : (mathematics) the set of values of the dependent variable for which a function is defined", "range%1:09:00 : the limit of capability", "range%1:06:01 : a kitchen appliance used for cooking food"
42D.d006.s000.t011
It can be equally successful to use ranges of blues with *silver*, and whites and creams always blend well with the lighter coloured leaves.
silver
silver
NOUN
"silver%1:07:00"
"a light shade of grey"
"silver%1:27:00 : a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography", "silver%1:21:00 : coins made of silver", "silver%1:07:00 : a light shade of grey", "silver%1:06:00 : silverware eating utensils", "silver%1:06:01 : a trophy made of silver (or having the appearance of silver) that is usually awarded for winning second place in a competition"
42D.d006.s000.t018
It can be equally successful to use ranges of blues with silver, and whites and creams always *blend* well with the lighter coloured leaves.
blend
blend
VERB
"blend%2:30:00", "blend%2:42:00"
"mix together different elements", "blend or harmonize"
"blend%2:35:00 : combine into one", "blend%2:42:00 : blend or harmonize", "blend%2:30:00 : mix together different elements"
42D.d006.s002.t024
If you have chosen a flower that is very dark and striking, make sure that at least one of the other flowers has the same *colour* value.
colour
colour
NOUN
"colour%1:07:00", "colour%1:07:01"
"a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect", "the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation"
"colour%1:27:00 : any material used for its color", "colour%1:14:00 : a race with skin pigmentation different from the white race (especially Blacks)", "colour%1:09:01 : (physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction", "colour%1:07:03 : interest and variety and intensity", "colour%1:07:02 : the timbre of a musical sound", "colour%1:07:00 : a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect", "colour%1:07:04 : an outward or token appearance or form that is deliberately misleading", "colour%1:07:01 : the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation"
42D.d006.s003.t007
Otherwise, one 's eye will be *drawn* to the darkest flower or leaf in the picture, which will act as a distraction from the overall shape and impact of the picture.
drawn
draw
VERB
"draw%2:35:06"
"direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes"
"draw%2:35:03 : cause to move by pulling", "draw%2:40:00 : get or derive", "draw%2:35:01 : make a mark or lines on a surface", "draw%2:31:00 : make, formulate, or derive in the mind", "draw%2:38:01 : bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover", "draw%2:36:00 : represent by making a drawing of, as with a pencil, chalk, etc. on a surface", "draw%2:38:00 : take liquid out of a container or well", "draw%2:32:00 : give a description of", "draw%2:31:13 : select or take in from a given group or region", "draw%2:37:01 : elicit responses, such as objections, criticism, applause, etc.", "draw%2:34:01 : suck in or take (air)", "draw%2:38:02 : move or go steadily or gradually", "draw%2:40:01 : remove (a commodity) from (a supply source)", "draw%2:33:01 : choose at random", "draw%2:36:01 : earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher", "draw%2:30:14 : bring or lead someone to a certain action or condition", "draw%2:38:07 : cause to flow", "draw%2:36:07 : write a legal document or paper", "draw%2:36:02 : engage in drawing", "draw%2:35:02 : move or pull so as to cover or uncover something", "draw%2:42:00 : allow a draft", "draw%2:42:02 : require a specified depth for floating", "draw%2:41:13 : pull (a person) apart with four horses tied to his extremities, so as to execute him", "draw%2:38:11 : cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense", "draw%2:35:04 : take in, also metaphorically", "draw%2:35:06 : direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes", "draw%2:35:14 : thread on or as if on a string", "draw%2:35:09 : stretch back a bowstring (on an archer's bow)", "draw%2:35:13 : pass over, across, or through", "draw%2:33:00 : finish a game with an equal number of points, goals, etc.", "draw%2:30:00 : contract", "draw%2:30:08 : reduce the diameter of (a wire or metal rod) by pulling it through a die", "draw%2:30:15 : steep; pass through a strainer", "draw%2:30:05 : remove the entrails of", "draw%2:30:04 : flatten, stretch, or mold metal or glass, by rolling or by pulling it through a die or by stretching", "draw%2:29:00 : cause to localize at one point"
42D.d006.s003.t022
Otherwise, one 's eye will be drawn to the darkest flower or leaf in the picture, which will act as a *distraction* from the overall shape and impact of the picture.
distraction
distraction
NOUN
"distraction%1:09:01"
"an obstacle to attention"
"distraction%1:09:00 : mental turmoil", "distraction%1:09:01 : an obstacle to attention", "distraction%1:04:01 : an entertainment that provokes pleased interest and distracts you from worries and vexations", "distraction%1:04:02 : the act of distracting; drawing someone's attention away from something"
42D.d006.s005.t016
A subtle blend of golden yellows, reds and browns can be spoilt by using a *really* overpowering bright orange flower right in the middle of the design.
really
really
ADV
"really%4:02:00"
"used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal"
"really%4:02:03 : in accordance with truth or fact or reality", "really%4:02:04 : in actual fact", "really%4:02:02 : in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)", "really%4:02:00 : used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal"
42D.d006.s006.t026
It would be much better to use several bright orange and bright yellow flowers, plus some strong-coloured leaves, to make a very striking and *vivid* picture.
vivid
vivid
ADJ
"vivid%5:00:00:colorful:00"
"having striking color"
"vivid%5:00:00:realistic:00 : evoking lifelike images within the mind", "vivid%5:00:00:clear:00 : having the clarity and freshness of immediate experience", "vivid%5:00:00:colorful:00 : having striking color", "vivid%5:00:00:saturated:03 : (of color) having the highest saturation"
42D.d006.s007.t003
If you use *brilliant* white flowers, such as larkspur or some of the daisies, you must ensure that there are several light tones in the picture, otherwise one 's eye will automatically focus on the white flowers and only then fall back on to the rest of the picture.
brilliant
brilliant
ADJ
"brilliant%5:00:00:colorful:00"
"having striking color"
"brilliant%5:00:00:superior:02 : of surpassing excellence", "brilliant%5:00:00:intelligent:00 : having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence", "brilliant%5:00:00:impressive:00 : characterized by grandeur", "brilliant%5:00:00:colorful:00 : having striking color", "brilliant%5:00:00:bright:00 : full of light; shining intensely", "brilliant%5:00:00:reverberant:00 : clear and sharp and ringing"
42D.d007.s000.t008
It, therefore, has two schemes that *provide* for longer terms funding for particular departments to build up a research programme in a particular area : there are now 150 of these groups at German universities.
provide
provide
VERB
"provide%2:42:00"
"make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain"
"provide%2:40:00 : give something useful or necessary to", "provide%2:34:00 : give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance", "provide%2:32:00 : determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation", "provide%2:41:00 : mount or put up", "provide%2:42:00 : make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain", "provide%2:40:08 : supply means of subsistence; earn a living", "provide%2:30:05 : take measures in preparation for"
42D.d007.s000.t020
It, therefore, has two schemes that provide for longer terms funding for particular departments to build up a research *programme* in a particular area : there are now 150 of these groups at German universities.
programme
programme
NOUN
"programme%1:09:01", "programme%1:09:00"
"a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need", "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished"
"programme%1:10:00 : an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event", "programme%1:10:05 : an integrated course of academic studies", "programme%1:10:01 : a radio or television show", "programme%1:10:02 : (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute", "programme%1:09:01 : a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need", "programme%1:09:00 : a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished", "programme%1:04:00 : a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation"
42D.d007.s003.t022
Some would like the elitist trend to permeate even further, in the form of elite faculties, or even whole elite *universities*.
universities
university
NOUN
"university%1:14:01"
"a large and diverse institution of higher learning created to educate for life and for a profession and to grant degrees"
"university%1:14:00 : the body of faculty and students at a university", "university%1:06:00 : establishment where a seat of higher learning is housed, including administrative and living quarters as well as facilities for research and teaching", "university%1:14:01 : a large and diverse institution of higher learning created to educate for life and for a profession and to grant degrees"
42D.d007.s006.t006
A much quoted observation by one *grand* old man of German science policy, Professor Heinz Maier Leibnitz, points out that German researchers who have done well in stints in the US tend to stagnate when they return to the German system.
grand
grand
ADJ
"grand%5:00:00:extraordinary:00"
"extraordinarily good or great ; used especially as intensifiers"
"grand%5:00:00:impressive:00 : of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope", "grand%5:00:00:noble:02 : of or befitting a lord", "grand%5:00:00:rich:03 : rich and superior in quality", "grand%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 : extraordinarily good or great ; used especially as intensifiers", "grand%5:00:00:noble:01 : of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style; ; - Oliver Franks", "grand%5:00:00:large:00 : large and impressive in physical size or extent", "grand%5:00:00:important:00 : the most important and magnificent in adornment", "grand%5:00:00:dignified:00 : used of a person's appearance or behavior; befitting an eminent person"
42D.d008.s000.t000
*Turning over* the machine reveals the high and low speed switch on the top.
Turning over
turn_over
VERB
"turn_over%2:35:01"
"turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse"
"turn_over%2:40:00 : place into the hands or custody of", "turn_over%2:38:02 : cause to overturn from an upright or normal position", "turn_over%2:38:03 : move by turning over or rotating", "turn_over%2:35:00 : turn up, loosen, or remove earth", "turn_over%2:40:01 : do business worth a certain amount of money", "turn_over%2:38:09 : cause to move around a center so as to show another side of", "turn_over%2:38:00 : turn from an upright or normal position", "turn_over%2:35:01 : turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse", "turn_over%2:32:00 : think about carefully; weigh"
42D.d008.s002.t004
Just behind this control *sits* the chuck key holder.
sits
sit
VERB
"sit%2:42:05"
"be located or situated somewhere"
"sit%2:35:00 : be seated", "sit%2:42:00 : be around, often idly or without specific purpose", "sit%2:38:00 : take a seat", "sit%2:38:01 : be in session", "sit%2:39:00 : assume a posture as for artistic purposes", "sit%2:38:03 : sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions", "sit%2:42:05 : be located or situated somewhere", "sit%2:41:05 : work or act as a baby-sitter", "sit%2:35:01 : show to a seat; assign a seat for", "sit%2:33:00 : serve in a specific professional capacity"
42D.d008.s002.t006
Just behind this control sits the *chuck* key holder.
chuck
chuck
NOUN
"chuck%1:06:00"
"a holding device consisting of adjustable jaws that center a workpiece in a lathe or center a tool in a drill"
"chuck%1:13:02 : informal terms for a meal", "chuck%1:13:00 : the part of a forequarter from the neck to the ribs and including the shoulder blade", "chuck%1:06:00 : a holding device consisting of adjustable jaws that center a workpiece in a lathe or center a tool in a drill"
42D.d008.s003.t009
This 9.6 volt machine was put to the test *screwing* plasterboard to timber beams, without pilot holes.
screwing
screw
VERB
"screw%2:35:02"
"cause to penetrate, as with a circular motion"
"screw%2:35:04 : have sexual intercourse with", "screw%2:35:03 : turn like a screw", "screw%2:35:02 : cause to penetrate, as with a circular motion", "screw%2:35:01 : tighten or fasten by means of screwing motions", "screw%2:33:00 : defeat someone through trickery or deceit"
42D.d008.s004.t009
After driving an estimated 250 of the 20 mm *screws*, the drill was still going strong.
screws
screw
NOUN
"screw%1:06:02"
"a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole"
"screw%1:18:00 : someone who guards prisoners", "screw%1:06:02 : a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole", "screw%1:06:01 : a propeller with several angled blades that rotates to push against water or air", "screw%1:06:00 : a fastener with a tapered threaded shank and a slotted head", "screw%1:04:00 : slang for sexual intercourse"
42D.d008.s005.t004
Makita has published estimated *performance* figures with a range of screws / bits, into a variety of materials, in the instruction booklet.
performance
performance
NOUN
"performance%1:22:00"
"process or manner of functioning or operating"
"performance%1:10:00 : a dramatic or musical entertainment", "performance%1:04:01 : the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment", "performance%1:04:00 : the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it", "performance%1:04:03 : any recognized accomplishment", "performance%1:22:00 : process or manner of functioning or operating"
42D.d008.s005.t008
Makita has published estimated performance figures with a *range* of screws / bits, into a variety of materials, in the instruction booklet.
range
range
NOUN
"range%1:14:00"
"a variety of different things or activities"
"range%1:07:00 : an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:", "range%1:15:01 : the limits within which something can be effective", "range%1:15:02 : a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze", "range%1:17:00 : a series of hills or mountains", "range%1:06:00 : a place for shooting (firing or driving) projectiles of various kinds", "range%1:14:00 : a variety of different things or activities", "range%1:14:01 : (mathematics) the set of values of the dependent variable for which a function is defined", "range%1:09:00 : the limit of capability", "range%1:06:01 : a kitchen appliance used for cooking food"
42D.d008.s005.t010
Makita has published estimated performance figures with a range of *screws* / bits, into a variety of materials, in the instruction booklet.
screws
screw
NOUN
"screw%1:06:02"
"a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole"
"screw%1:18:00 : someone who guards prisoners", "screw%1:06:02 : a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole", "screw%1:06:01 : a propeller with several angled blades that rotates to push against water or air", "screw%1:06:00 : a fastener with a tapered threaded shank and a slotted head", "screw%1:04:00 : slang for sexual intercourse"
42D.d008.s005.t012
Makita has published estimated performance figures with a range of screws / *bits*, into a variety of materials, in the instruction booklet.
bits
bit
NOUN
"bit%1:06:00"
"the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press"
"bit%1:23:01 : a small piece or quantity of something", "bit%1:17:00 : a small fragment of something broken off from the whole", "bit%1:28:00 : an indefinitely short time", "bit%1:11:00 : an instance of some kind", "bit%1:06:01 : piece of metal held in horse's mouth by reins and used to control the horse while riding", "bit%1:23:00 : a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states", "bit%1:13:00 : a small amount of solid food; a mouthful", "bit%1:10:01 : a small fragment", "bit%1:10:00 : a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program", "bit%1:06:02 : the part of a key that enters a lock and lifts the tumblers", "bit%1:06:00 : the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press"
42D.d008.s007.t010
If nothing else, it gives an indication of the *performance* to be expected from a well-maintained battery.
performance
performance
NOUN
"performance%1:22:00"
"process or manner of functioning or operating"
"performance%1:10:00 : a dramatic or musical entertainment", "performance%1:04:01 : the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment", "performance%1:04:00 : the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it", "performance%1:04:03 : any recognized accomplishment", "performance%1:22:00 : process or manner of functioning or operating"
42D.d008.s008.t025
As would be expected from one of the three largest power tool manufacturers, there is a host of accessories on offer, from a polishing *pad* to a range of 28 screwdriver bits.
pad
pad
NOUN
"pad%1:06:00"
"a flat mass of soft material used for protection, stuffing, or comfort"
"pad%1:27:01 : a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge", "pad%1:20:00 : the large floating leaf of an aquatic plant (as the water lily)", "pad%1:06:05 : a block of absorbent material saturated with ink; used to transfer ink evenly to a rubber stamp", "pad%1:06:00 : a flat mass of soft material used for protection, stuffing, or comfort", "pad%1:06:02 : a platform from which rockets or space craft are launched", "pad%1:06:04 : temporary living quarters", "pad%1:05:00 : the fleshy cushion-like underside of an animal's foot or of a human's finger"
42D.d008.s008.t028
As would be expected from one of the three largest power tool manufacturers, there is a host of accessories on offer, from a polishing pad to a *range* of 28 screwdriver bits.
range
range
NOUN
"range%1:14:00"
"a variety of different things or activities"
"range%1:07:00 : an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:", "range%1:15:01 : the limits within which something can be effective", "range%1:15:02 : a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze", "range%1:17:00 : a series of hills or mountains", "range%1:06:00 : a place for shooting (firing or driving) projectiles of various kinds", "range%1:14:00 : a variety of different things or activities", "range%1:14:01 : (mathematics) the set of values of the dependent variable for which a function is defined", "range%1:09:00 : the limit of capability", "range%1:06:01 : a kitchen appliance used for cooking food"
42D.d008.s008.t032
As would be expected from one of the three largest power tool manufacturers, there is a host of accessories on offer, from a polishing pad to a range of 28 screwdriver *bits*.
bits
bit
NOUN
"bit%1:06:00"
"the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press"
"bit%1:23:01 : a small piece or quantity of something", "bit%1:17:00 : a small fragment of something broken off from the whole", "bit%1:28:00 : an indefinitely short time", "bit%1:11:00 : an instance of some kind", "bit%1:06:01 : piece of metal held in horse's mouth by reins and used to control the horse while riding", "bit%1:23:00 : a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states", "bit%1:13:00 : a small amount of solid food; a mouthful", "bit%1:10:01 : a small fragment", "bit%1:10:00 : a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program", "bit%1:06:02 : the part of a key that enters a lock and lifts the tumblers", "bit%1:06:00 : the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press"
42D.d008.s010.t013
Some parts of the switchgear worked well, such as the forward / reverse *toggle*, with FWD and REV etched on the sides of the body so the drill did not have to be constantly turned upside down.
toggle
toggle
NOUN
"toggle%1:06:01"
"a hinged switch that can assume either of two positions"
"toggle%1:10:00 : any instruction that works first one way and then the other; it turns something on the first time it is used and then turns it off the next time", "toggle%1:06:01 : a hinged switch that can assume either of two positions", "toggle%1:06:00 : a fastener consisting of a peg or pin or crosspiece that is inserted into an eye at the end of a rope or a chain or a cable in order to fasten it to something (as another rope or chain or cable)"
42D.d008.s010.t025
Some parts of the switchgear worked well, such as the forward / reverse toggle, with FWD and REV etched on the sides of the *body* so the drill did not have to be constantly turned upside down.
body
body
NOUN
"body%1:07:01"
"the main mass of a thing"
"body%1:08:00 : the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)", "body%1:14:00 : a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity", "body%1:08:02 : a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person", "body%1:17:00 : an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects", "body%1:08:01 : the body excluding the head and neck and limbs", "body%1:14:02 : a collection of particulars considered as a system", "body%1:07:00 : the property of holding together and retaining its shape", "body%1:10:00 : the central message of a communication", "body%1:07:01 : the main mass of a thing", "body%1:06:01 : a resonating chamber in a musical instrument (as the body of a violin)", "body%1:06:00 : the external structure of a vehicle"
42D.d009.s000.t007
During this three-year period they applied two *dressings* of farmyard manure and in the intervening year they applied an indigenous legume crop as green manure.
dressings
dressing
NOUN
"dressing%1:11:00"
"making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure"
"dressing%1:13:01 : savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type", "dressing%1:13:02 : a mixture of seasoned ingredients used to stuff meats and vegetables", "dressing%1:11:00 : making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure", "dressing%1:06:00 : a cloth covering for a wound or sore", "dressing%1:04:02 : processes in the conversion of rough hides into leather", "dressing%1:04:00 : the activity of getting dressed; putting on clothes", "dressing%1:04:01 : the act of applying a bandage"
42D.d009.s001.t016
This system enabled them to maintain an exceptionally dense population, on the best principles of *fertility* conservation.
fertility
fertility
NOUN
"fertility%1:26:00", "fertility%1:07:00"
"the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring", "the property of producing abundantly and sustaining vigorous and luxuriant growth"
"fertility%1:28:00 : the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year", "fertility%1:26:00 : the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring", "fertility%1:07:00 : the property of producing abundantly and sustaining vigorous and luxuriant growth"
42D.d009.s002.t013
The Wakara were not exceptional in combining the ownership of livestock with crop *production*, but they were exceptional in integrating the two.
production
production
NOUN
"production%1:23:00"
"the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)"
"production%1:04:00 : the act or process of producing something", "production%1:10:00 : a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television", "production%1:06:00 : an artifact that has been created by someone or some process", "production%1:04:01 : (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law", "production%1:23:00 : the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)", "production%1:10:01 : a display that is exaggerated or unduly complicated", "production%1:04:02 : (economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale", "production%1:04:03 : the creation of value or wealth by producing goods and services"
42D.d009.s003.t037
Other African communities, such as the Lozi on the Barotse floodplain in western Zambia, and, on a smaller scale the Yoruba in western Nigeria, maintained livestock herds which were essentially secondary to their crop *production*, providing manure for crops on an ad hoc basis.
production
production
NOUN
"production%1:23:00"
"the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)"
"production%1:04:00 : the act or process of producing something", "production%1:10:00 : a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television", "production%1:06:00 : an artifact that has been created by someone or some process", "production%1:04:01 : (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law", "production%1:23:00 : the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)", "production%1:10:01 : a display that is exaggerated or unduly complicated", "production%1:04:02 : (economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale", "production%1:04:03 : the creation of value or wealth by producing goods and services"
42D.d009.s003.t042
Other African communities, such as the Lozi on the Barotse floodplain in western Zambia, and, on a smaller scale the Yoruba in western Nigeria, maintained livestock herds which were essentially secondary to their crop production, providing manure for *crops* on an ad hoc basis.
crops
crop
NOUN
"crop%1:20:01"
"a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale"
"crop%1:20:00 : the yield from plants in a single growing season", "crop%1:20:01 : a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale", "crop%1:14:00 : a collection of people or things appearing together", "crop%1:06:01 : the output of something in a season", "crop%1:06:00 : the stock or handle of a whip", "crop%1:05:00 : a pouch in many birds and some lower animals that resembles a stomach for storage and preliminary maceration of food"
42D.d009.s003.t045
Other African communities, such as the Lozi on the Barotse floodplain in western Zambia, and, on a smaller scale the Yoruba in western Nigeria, maintained livestock herds which were essentially secondary to their crop production, providing manure for crops on an *ad hoc* basis.
ad hoc
ad_hoc
ADJ
"ad_hoc%5:00:00:specific:00"
"for or concerned with one specific purpose"
"ad_hoc%5:00:00:unplanned:00 : often improvised or impromptu", "ad_hoc%5:00:00:specific:00 : for or concerned with one specific purpose"
42D.d009.s004.t001
The *true* pastoralists, such as the Fulani, the Dinka of southern Sudan and the Masai of the east African plains were in a different category.
true
true
ADJ
"true%5:00:00:typical:00", "true%5:00:00:real:02"
"conforming to definitive criteria", "rightly so called"
"true%3:00:00 : consistent with fact or reality; not false; ; - B. Russell", "true%5:00:00:accurate:00 : accurately placed or thrown", "true%5:00:02:faithful:00 : devoted (sometimes fanatically) to a cause or concept or truth", "true%3:00:04 : expressing or given to expressing the truth", "true%5:00:00:typical:00 : conforming to definitive criteria", "true%5:00:00:trustworthy:00 : worthy of being depended on", "true%5:00:00:sincere:00 : not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed", "true%5:00:00:real:02 : rightly so called", "true%5:00:00:geographic:00 : determined with reference to the earth's axis rather than the magnetic poles", "true%5:00:00:legitimate:00 : having a legally established claim", "true%5:00:00:harmonious:00 : in tune; accurate in pitch", "true%5:00:00:even:01 : accurately fitted; level"
42D.d009.s004.t012
The true pastoralists, such as the Fulani, the Dinka of southern *Sudan* and the Masai of the east African plains were in a different category.
Sudan
sudan
NOUN
"sudan%1:15:01"
"a region of northern Africa to the south of the Sahara and Libyan deserts; extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea"
"sudan%1:15:00 : a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956", "sudan%1:15:01 : a region of northern Africa to the south of the Sahara and Libyan deserts; extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea"
42D.d009.s006.t008
They might make an incidental contribution to crop *production* by agreeing to graze their herds over settled farmers ' land once it had been harvested.
production
production
NOUN
"production%1:23:00"
"the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)"
"production%1:04:00 : the act or process of producing something", "production%1:10:00 : a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television", "production%1:06:00 : an artifact that has been created by someone or some process", "production%1:04:01 : (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law", "production%1:23:00 : the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)", "production%1:10:01 : a display that is exaggerated or unduly complicated", "production%1:04:02 : (economics) manufacturing or mining or growing something (usually in large quantities) for sale", "production%1:04:03 : the creation of value or wealth by producing goods and services"
42D.d009.s006.t012
They might make an incidental contribution to crop production by agreeing to *graze* their herds over settled farmers ' land once it had been harvested.
graze
graze
VERB
"graze%2:35:10"
"let feed in a field or pasture or meadow"
"graze%2:35:01 : feed as in a meadow or pasture", "graze%2:35:02 : break the skin (of a body part) by scraping", "graze%2:35:10 : let feed in a field or pasture or meadow", "graze%2:35:00 : scrape gently", "graze%2:34:02 : eat lightly, try different dishes"
42D.d009.s006.t016
They might make an incidental contribution to crop production by agreeing to graze their herds over *settled* farmers ' land once it had been harvested.
settled
settled
ADJ
"settled%3:00:01"
"established in a desired position or place; not moving about"
"settled%3:00:02 : established or decided beyond dispute or doubt", "settled%3:00:01 : established in a desired position or place; not moving about", "settled%5:00:00:inhabited:00 : inhabited by colonists", "settled%5:00:00:calm:00 : not changeable"
42D.d010.s000.t006
Tourist numbers currently total 50 million *annually*, and demand is expected to continue growing well into the next century.
annually
annually
ADV
"annually%4:02:01"
"by the year; every year (usually with reference to a sum of money paid or received)"
"annually%4:02:00 : without missing a year", "annually%4:02:01 : by the year; every year (usually with reference to a sum of money paid or received)"
42D.d010.s001.t001
Widespread *deforestation* to make way for ski slopes has eroded topsoil, increasing the incidence of avalanches.
deforestation
deforestation
NOUN
"deforestation%1:04:00"
"the removal of trees"
"deforestation%1:26:00 : the state of being clear of trees", "deforestation%1:04:00 : the removal of trees"
42D.d010.s002.t006
Large numbers of rare and beautiful *Alpine* plants are threatened with extinction.
Alpine
alpine
ADJ
"alpine%5:00:00:upland:00"
"living or growing above the timber line"
"alpine%3:01:01 : relating to or characteristic of alps", "alpine%3:01:00 : relating to the Alps and their inhabitants", "alpine%5:00:00:upland:00 : living or growing above the timber line"
42D.d010.s002.t011
Large numbers of rare and beautiful Alpine plants are threatened with *extinction*.
extinction
extinction
NOUN
"extinction%1:26:01", "extinction%1:11:00"
"no longer in existence", "complete annihilation"
"extinction%1:26:02 : no longer active; extinguished", "extinction%1:26:01 : no longer in existence", "extinction%1:22:00 : the reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation", "extinction%1:11:00 : complete annihilation", "extinction%1:09:00 : a conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus", "extinction%1:04:01 : the act of extinguishing; causing to stop burning"
42D.d010.s004.t017
Alp Action is to launch a number of conservation projects, including reforestation, together with a public education *programme*.
programme
programme
NOUN
"programme%1:09:00", "programme%1:09:01"
"a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished", "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need"
"programme%1:10:00 : an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event", "programme%1:10:05 : an integrated course of academic studies", "programme%1:10:01 : a radio or television show", "programme%1:10:02 : (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute", "programme%1:09:01 : a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need", "programme%1:09:00 : a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished", "programme%1:04:00 : a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation"
42D.d010.s005.t006
It will operate in all the *Alpine* countries ( Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein ).
Alpine
alpine
ADJ
"alpine%3:01:00"
"relating to the Alps and their inhabitants"
"alpine%3:01:01 : relating to or characteristic of alps", "alpine%3:01:00 : relating to the Alps and their inhabitants", "alpine%5:00:00:upland:00 : living or growing above the timber line"
42D.d010.s006.t013
Specific plans include the reintroduction of captive-bred brown bears to Austria, and European *lynx* to the eastern Alps.
lynx
lynx
NOUN
"lynx%1:05:00"
"short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears; valued for their fur"
"lynx%1:10:00 : a text browser", "lynx%1:05:00 : short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears; valued for their fur"