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values | gold stringlengths 12 64 | gold_definitions stringlengths 9 271 | possible_meanings stringlengths 75 2.34k |
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42D.d000.s000.t004 | The vast majority of *living* fish belong here ( 18,000 species or so ), which rival the insects in their multitude of adaptations and variety of external form. | living | living | ADJ | "living%5:00:00:extant:00" | "still in existence" | "living%3:01:00 : pertaining to living persons", "living%5:00:00:realistic:00 : true to life; lifelike", "living%5:00:00:absolute:00 : (informal) absolute", "living%5:00:00:extant:00 : still in existence", "living%5:00:01:extant:00 : still in active use", "living%5:00:00:live:01 : (used of minerals or stone) in its nat... |
42D.d000.s000.t006 | The vast majority of living fish *belong* here ( 18,000 species or so ), which rival the insects in their multitude of adaptations and variety of external form. | belong | belong | VERB | "belong%2:42:07" | "be a member, adherent, inhabitant, etc. (of a group, organization, or place)" | "belong%2:40:00 : be owned by; be in the possession of", "belong%2:42:02 : be suitable or acceptable", "belong%2:42:03 : be in the right place or situation", "belong%2:42:01 : be rightly classified in a class or category", "belong%2:42:07 : be a member, adherent, inhabitant, etc. (of a group, organization, or place)", ... |
42D.d000.s001.t014 | They can live in hot springs, or can be dredged from the deepest abyssal *depths* of the ocean ; the latter are grotesque gargoyles that seem to belong in the paintings of Hieronymus Bosch. | depths | depth | NOUN | "depth%1:15:00" | "(usually plural) the deepest and most remote part" | "depth%1:07:00 : the extent downward or backward or inward", "depth%1:07:01 : degree of psychological or intellectual profundity", "depth%1:15:00 : (usually plural) the deepest and most remote part", "depth%1:26:00 : (usually plural) a low moral state", "depth%1:09:00 : the intellectual ability to penetrate deeply into... |
42D.d000.s002.t002 | Some are *rapid* swimmers gathered together in silvery shoals, others sluggish bottom-dwellers spending most of their time buried in sediment. | rapid | rapid | ADJ | "rapid%5:00:02:fast:01" | "characterized by speed; moving with or capable of moving with high speed" | "rapid%5:00:00:fast:01 : done or occurring in a brief period of time", "rapid%5:00:02:fast:01 : characterized by speed; moving with or capable of moving with high speed" |
42D.d000.s002.t008 | Some are rapid swimmers gathered together in silvery *shoals*, others sluggish bottom-dwellers spending most of their time buried in sediment. | shoals | shoal | NOUN | "shoal%1:14:00" | "a large group of fish" | "shoal%1:17:02 : a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide", "shoal%1:17:01 : a stretch of shallow water", "shoal%1:14:00 : a large group of fish" |
42D.d000.s003.t007 | Most have a characteristic arrangement of paired *fins*, but these can be lost, or fantastically modified to form fans or poisonous barbs. | fins | fin | NOUN | "fin%1:05:00" | "organ of locomotion and balance in fishes and some other aquatic animals" | "fin%1:23:00 : the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one", "fin%1:06:03 : one of a pair of decorations projecting above the rear fenders of an automobile", "fin%1:06:01 : one of a set of parallel slats in a door or window to admit air and reject rain", "fin%1:06:02 : a shoe for swimming; the paddle-like front... |
42D.d000.s003.t017 | Most have a characteristic arrangement of paired fins, but these can be lost, or fantastically *modified* to form fans or poisonous barbs. | modified | modify | VERB | "modify%2:30:10" | "cause to change; make different; cause a transformation" | "modify%2:30:00 : make less severe or harsh or extreme", "modify%2:30:01 : add a modifier to a constituent", "modify%2:30:10 : cause to change; make different; cause a transformation" |
42D.d000.s003.t019 | Most have a characteristic arrangement of paired fins, but these can be lost, or fantastically modified to *form* fans or poisonous barbs. | form | form | VERB | "form%2:30:05" | "assume a form or shape" | "form%2:41:00 : create (as an entity)", "form%2:42:00 : to compose or represent:", "form%2:42:02 : develop into a distinctive entity", "form%2:30:01 : give shape or form to", "form%2:36:00 : make something, usually for a specific function", "form%2:41:02 : establish or impress firmly in the mind", "form%2:30:05 : assum... |
42D.d000.s005.t003 | Their rapidity of *evolution* is well-known : dozens of species have evolved in African fresh water lakes within the last million years. | evolution | evolution | NOUN | "evolution%1:22:00" | "(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms" | "evolution%1:22:01 : a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)", "evolution%1:22:00 : (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms" |
42D.d000.s006.t005 | They have as wide a *range* of life habits as any group, from scavengers, grazers, filter feeders, vegetarians, omnivores, to fierce predators with reputations to rival that of the sharks. | range | range | NOUN | "range%1:14:00" | "a variety of different things or activities" | "range%1:07:00 : an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:", "range%1:15:01 : the limits within which something can be effective", "range%1:15:02 : a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze", "range%1:17:00 : a series of hills or mountains", "range%1:06:00 : a place for s... |
42D.d000.s006.t014 | They have as wide a range of life habits as any group, from *scavengers*, grazers, filter feeders, vegetarians, omnivores, to fierce predators with reputations to rival that of the sharks. | scavengers | scavenger | NOUN | "scavenger%1:05:00" | "any animal that feeds on refuse and other decaying organic matter" | "scavenger%1:27:00 : a chemical agent that is added to a chemical mixture to counteract the effects of impurities", "scavenger%1:18:00 : someone who collects things that have been discarded by others", "scavenger%1:05:00 : any animal that feeds on refuse and other decaying organic matter" |
42D.d000.s006.t019 | They have as wide a range of life habits as any group, from scavengers, grazers, filter *feeders*, vegetarians, omnivores, to fierce predators with reputations to rival that of the sharks. | feeders | feeder | NOUN | "feeder%1:05:01" | "an animal that feeds on a particular source of food" | "feeder%1:05:00 : an animal being fattened or suitable for fattening", "feeder%1:18:00 : someone who consumes food for nourishment", "feeder%1:17:00 : a branch that flows into the main stream", "feeder%1:06:00 : a machine that automatically provides a supply of some material", "feeder%1:06:01 : an outdoor device that s... |
42D.d000.s006.t023 | They have as wide a range of life habits as any group, from scavengers, grazers, filter feeders, vegetarians, *omnivores*, to fierce predators with reputations to rival that of the sharks. | omnivores | omnivore | NOUN | "omnivore%1:05:00" | "an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances" | "omnivore%1:18:00 : a person who eats all kinds of foods", "omnivore%1:05:00 : an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances" |
42D.d000.s006.t027 | They have as wide a range of life habits as any group, from scavengers, grazers, filter feeders, vegetarians, omnivores, to fierce *predators* with reputations to rival that of the sharks. | predators | predator | NOUN | "predator%1:05:00" | "any animal that lives by preying on other animals" | "predator%1:18:00 : someone who attacks in search of booty", "predator%1:05:00 : any animal that lives by preying on other animals" |
42D.d000.s007.t003 | A coating of *scales* is characteristic, and the gills are covered by a movable flap ( the operculum ). | scales | scale | NOUN | "scale%1:05:00" | "a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals" | "scale%1:24:03 : an ordered reference standard", "scale%1:24:00 : relative magnitude", "scale%1:24:01 : the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it", "scale%1:20:00 : a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin", "scale%1:17:00 : a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface ... |
42D.d000.s007.t009 | A coating of scales is characteristic, and the *gills* are covered by a movable flap ( the operculum ). | gills | gill | NOUN | "gill%1:05:00" | "respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water" | "gill%1:23:02 : a British imperial capacity unit (liquid or dry) equal to 5 fluid ounces or 142.066 cubic centimeters", "gill%1:23:01 : a United States liquid unit equal to 4 fluid ounces", "gill%1:20:00 : any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fung... |
42D.d000.s007.t014 | A coating of scales is characteristic, and the gills are covered by a *movable* flap ( the operculum ). | movable | movable | ADJ | "movable%5:00:00:mobile:00" | "capable of being moved or conveyed from one place to another" | "movable%5:00:00:portable:00 : (of personal property as opposed to real estate) can be moved from place to place (especially carried by hand)", "movable%5:00:00:mobile:00 : capable of being moved or conveyed from one place to another" |
42D.d000.s007.t015 | A coating of scales is characteristic, and the gills are covered by a movable *flap* ( the operculum ). | flap | flap | NOUN | "flap%1:08:00" | "a movable piece of tissue partly connected to the body" | "flap%1:06:00 : any broad thin and limber covering attached at one edge; hangs loose or projects freely", "flap%1:26:00 : an excited state of agitation", "flap%1:11:01 : the motion made by flapping up and down", "flap%1:08:00 : a movable piece of tissue partly connected to the body", "flap%1:06:01 : a movable airfoil t... |
42D.d001.s005.t002 | The Victorian *Villas* here are even more splendid than in Cheyne Walk — reminiscent of Cheltenham with their cast iron decoration. | Villas | villa | NOUN | "villa%1:06:01", "villa%1:06:03" | "pretentious and luxurious country residence with extensive grounds", "detached or semidetached suburban house" | "villa%1:18:00 : Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)", "villa%1:06:03 : detached or semidetached suburban house", "villa%1:06:02 : country house in ancient Rome consisting of residential quarters and farm buildings around a courtyard", "villa%1:06:01 : pretentious and luxurious country residence with extensive gro... |
42D.d001.s006.t006 | Styles vary from Jacobean with multi-gabled *frontages* to ‘ Tudorbethan ’ with battlements and pinnacles. | frontages | frontage | NOUN | "frontage%1:06:00" | "the face or front of a building" | "frontage%1:07:00 : the extent of land abutting on a street or water", "frontage%1:24:00 : the direction in which something (such as a building) faces", "frontage%1:06:00 : the face or front of a building" |
42D.d001.s007.t006 | Take time to look at the *corner* of the Hospital wall where stands a memorial to King Edward VII surmounted by a bronze of St. George and the Dragon by the eminent sculptor Sir George Frampton. | corner | corner | NOUN | "corner%1:06:01" | "(architecture) solid exterior angle of a building; especially one formed by a cornerstone" | "corner%1:15:02 : a place off to the side of an area", "corner%1:15:00 : the point where two lines meet or intersect", "corner%1:06:02 : an interior angle formed by two meeting walls", "corner%1:06:00 : the intersection of two streets", "corner%1:15:01 : the point where three areas or surfaces meet or intersect", "corn... |
42D.d001.s007.t014 | Take time to look at the corner of the Hospital wall where stands a *memorial* to King Edward VII surmounted by a bronze of St. George and the Dragon by the eminent sculptor Sir George Frampton. | memorial | memorial | NOUN | "memorial%1:06:00" | "a structure erected to commemorate persons or events" | "memorial%1:10:00 : a recognition of meritorious service", "memorial%1:10:01 : a written statement of facts submitted in conjunction with a petition to an authority", "memorial%1:06:00 : a structure erected to commemorate persons or events" |
42D.d001.s007.t021 | Take time to look at the corner of the Hospital wall where stands a memorial to King Edward VII surmounted by a *bronze* of St. George and the Dragon by the eminent sculptor Sir George Frampton. | bronze | bronze | NOUN | "bronze%1:06:00" | "a sculpture made of bronze" | "bronze%1:27:00 : an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin", "bronze%1:06:00 : a sculpture made of bronze" |
42D.d001.s007.t028 | Take time to look at the corner of the Hospital wall where stands a memorial to King Edward VII surmounted by a bronze of St. George and the Dragon by the eminent sculptor *Sir* George Frampton. | Sir | sir | NOUN | "sir%1:18:01" | "a title used before the name of knight or baronet" | "sir%1:18:00 : term of address for a man", "sir%1:18:01 : a title used before the name of knight or baronet" |
42D.d001.s008.t007 | The General Hospital at the top of the *bill* was built by Samuel Saxon in 1793. | bill | bill | NOUN | "bill%1:10:02", "bill%1:10:00" | "an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution", "a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement" | "bill%1:10:04 : a statute in draft before it becomes law", "bill%1:10:01 : an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered", "bill%1:21:00 : a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)", "bill%1:04:00 : the entertainment offered at a public presentation", "bill%1:10:02 : ... |
42D.d002.s000.t003 | In Britain, *Owen* and Mivart argued that many cases of evolution consisted of parallel lines of development within the same group, all driven in the same direction as though by an internally programmed force. | Owen | owen | NOUN | "owen%1:18:00" | "English comparative anatomist and paleontologist who was an opponent of Darwinism (1804-1892)" | "owen%1:18:01 : Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)", "owen%1:18:00 : English comparative anatomist and paleontologist who was an opponent of Darwinism (1804-1892)" |
42D.d002.s000.t011 | In Britain, Owen and Mivart argued that many cases of *evolution* consisted of parallel lines of development within the same group, all driven in the same direction as though by an internally programmed force. | evolution | evolution | NOUN | "evolution%1:22:00" | "(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms" | "evolution%1:22:01 : a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)", "evolution%1:22:00 : (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms" |
42D.d002.s000.t014 | In Britain, Owen and Mivart argued that many cases of evolution consisted of *parallel* lines of development within the same group, all driven in the same direction as though by an internally programmed force. | parallel | parallel | ADJ | "parallel%5:00:00:synchronous:00" | "of or relating to the simultaneous performance of multiple operations" | "parallel%3:00:00 : being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting", "parallel%5:00:00:synchronous:00 : of or relating to the simultaneous performance of multiple operations" |
42D.d002.s001.t007 | Darwin 's image of an irregularly branching *tree* thus did not fit the evidence. | tree | tree | NOUN | "tree%1:25:00" | "a figure that branches from a single root" | "tree%1:20:00 : a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms", "tree%1:25:00 : a figure that branches from a single root", "tree%1:18:00 : English actor and theatrical producer noted for his lavish productions of Shakespeare (... |
42D.d002.s002.t011 | The American neo-Lamarckians made the same point, arguing that the *fossils* seemed to support a theory of directed evolution, not one based on the selection of random variation by the local environment. | fossils | fossil | NOUN | "fossil%1:17:00" | "the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil" | "fossil%1:18:00 : someone whose style is out of fashion", "fossil%1:17:00 : the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil" |
42D.d002.s002.t019 | The American neo-Lamarckians made the same point, arguing that the fossils seemed to support a theory of directed *evolution*, not one based on the selection of random variation by the local environment. | evolution | evolution | NOUN | "evolution%1:22:00" | "(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms" | "evolution%1:22:01 : a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)", "evolution%1:22:00 : (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms" |
42D.d002.s002.t029 | The American neo-Lamarckians made the same point, arguing that the fossils seemed to support a theory of directed evolution, not one based on the selection of random *variation* by the local environment. | variation | variation | NOUN | "variation%1:09:01", "variation%1:18:00" | "something a little different from others of the same type", "(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration" | "variation%1:11:01 : an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change", "variation%1:04:00 : an activity that varies from a norm or standard", "variation%1:10:00 : a repetition of a musical theme in which it is modified or embellished", "variation%1:09:01 : something a little different from others of the same typ... |
42D.d002.s003.t001 | The *inheritance* of acquired characters explained these trends as a consequence of the animals specializing for a particular way of life chosen by their ancestors. | inheritance | inheritance | NOUN | "inheritance%1:07:02" | "(genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from the parents" | "inheritance%1:04:00 : hereditary succession to a title or an office or property", "inheritance%1:21:00 : that which is inherited; a title or property or estate that passes by law to the heir on the death of the owner", "inheritance%1:07:02 : (genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from the parents", "in... |
42D.d002.s003.t004 | The inheritance of acquired *characters* explained these trends as a consequence of the animals specializing for a particular way of life chosen by their ancestors. | characters | character | NOUN | "character%1:07:00" | "(genetics) an attribute (structural or functional) that is determined by a gene or group of genes" | "character%1:18:02 : an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)", "character%1:09:00 : a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something", "character%1:07:01 : the inherent complex of attributes that determines a persons moral and ethical actions and re... |
42D.d002.s003.t014 | The inheritance of acquired characters explained these trends as a consequence of the animals *specializing* for a particular way of life chosen by their ancestors. | specializing | specialize | VERB | "specialize%2:30:07" | "evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment" | "specialize%2:30:00 : become more focus on an area of activity or field of study", "specialize%2:32:00 : be specific about", "specialize%2:30:01 : suit to a special purpose", "specialize%2:41:00 : devote oneself to a special area of work", "specialize%2:30:07 : evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way ... |
42D.d002.s005.t015 | Hyatt in particular argued that the fossil invertebrates he studied showed patterns of progressive, Lamarckian *evolution* followed by an inexorable decline into racial senility and extinction. | evolution | evolution | NOUN | "evolution%1:22:00" | "(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms" | "evolution%1:22:01 : a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)", "evolution%1:22:00 : (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms" |
42D.d002.s005.t023 | Hyatt in particular argued that the fossil invertebrates he studied showed patterns of progressive, Lamarckian evolution followed by an inexorable decline into racial *senility* and extinction. | senility | senility | NOUN | "senility%1:07:00" | "the state of being senile" | "senility%1:28:00 : mental infirmity as a consequence of old age; sometimes shown by foolish infatuations", "senility%1:07:00 : the state of being senile" |
42D.d002.s005.t025 | Hyatt in particular argued that the fossil invertebrates he studied showed patterns of progressive, Lamarckian evolution followed by an inexorable decline into racial senility and *extinction*. | extinction | extinction | NOUN | "extinction%1:26:01", "extinction%1:11:00" | "no longer in existence", "complete annihilation" | "extinction%1:26:02 : no longer active; extinguished", "extinction%1:26:01 : no longer in existence", "extinction%1:22:00 : the reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation", "extinction%1:11:00 : complete annihilation", "extinction%1:09:00 : a conditioning process in which the r... |
42D.d002.s006.t008 | Whole groups of organisms developed increasingly bizarre non-adaptive *characters* until they eventually disappeared altogether. | characters | character | NOUN | "character%1:07:00" | "(genetics) an attribute (structural or functional) that is determined by a gene or group of genes" | "character%1:18:02 : an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)", "character%1:09:00 : a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something", "character%1:07:01 : the inherent complex of attributes that determines a persons moral and ethical actions and re... |
42D.d002.s007.t016 | By the end of the century many paleontologists supported the theory of orthogenesis, in which *variation* was supposed to be pushed in some preordained direction by forces built into the constitution of the organisms. | variation | variation | NOUN | "variation%1:22:00" | "the process of varying or being varied" | "variation%1:11:01 : an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change", "variation%1:04:00 : an activity that varies from a norm or standard", "variation%1:10:00 : a repetition of a musical theme in which it is modified or embellished", "variation%1:09:01 : something a little different from others of the same typ... |
42D.d003.s000.t002 | This short-tailed *shrew* can inflict an unpleasant bite with the help of spittle from its venomous salivary glands. | shrew | shrew | NOUN | "shrew%1:05:00" | "small mouselike mammal with a long snout; related to moles" | "shrew%1:18:00 : a scolding nagging bad-tempered woman", "shrew%1:05:00 : small mouselike mammal with a long snout; related to moles" |
42D.d003.s001.t027 | As the teeth sink into the flesh, the pressure of this action squeezes venom out of the glands and down the hollow tubes of the paired *fangs*. | fangs | fang | NOUN | "fang%1:05:01" | "canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey" | "fang%1:10:00 : a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon", "fang%1:05:02 : an appendage of insects that is capable of injecting venom; usually evolved from the legs", "fang%1:05:01 : canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey", "fang%1:05:00 : hollow or grooved tooth of a venomous snake; used to i... |
42D.d004.s004.t022 | ‘ Our plan is that our IT systems will enable users to order direct from the supplier by electronic means from their *terminals*. This is the way many other forward-thinking organisations are going. ’ | terminals | terminal | NOUN | "terminal%1:06:02" | "electronic equipment consisting of a device providing access to a computer; has a keyboard and display" | "terminal%1:06:00 : station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods", "terminal%1:06:01 : a contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves", "terminal%1:15:00 : either extremity of something that has length", "terminal%1:06:02 : electronic equipment co... |
42D.d004.s005.t016 | As Robert points out this is the first time that this function has been run as a *single* corporate entity. | single | single | ADJ | "single%3:00:05" | "existing alone or consisting of one entity or part or aspect or individual" | "single%3:00:00 : being or characteristic of a single thing or person", "single%3:00:04 : used of flowers having usually only one row or whorl of petals", "single%3:00:05 : existing alone or consisting of one entity or part or aspect or individual", "single%3:00:02 : not married or related to the unmarried state", "sin... |
42D.d004.s006.t018 | ‘ Our new structure is already paying dividends. We still have location-based teams but these work in *partnership* to make the best use of specific expertise at particular sites. We also have a small team responsible for driving corporate initiatives. For example they are looking at how the best of what other people d... | partnership | partnership | NOUN | "partnership%1:24:00" | "a cooperative relationship between people or groups who agree to share responsibility for achieving some specific goal" | "partnership%1:14:00 : the members of a business venture created by contract", "partnership%1:24:00 : a cooperative relationship between people or groups who agree to share responsibility for achieving some specific goal", "partnership%1:10:00 : a contract between two or more persons who agree to pool talent and money ... |
42D.d005.s001.t008 | The methane of the coal seam could also be *oxidized* to formaldehyde, the basis of the acetal polymers, or even to higher alcohols — the other half of the polyester molecule. | oxidized | oxidize | VERB | "oxidize%2:30:00" | "add oxygen to or combine with oxygen" | "oxidize%2:30:01 : enter into a combination with oxygen or become converted into an oxide", "oxidize%2:30:00 : add oxygen to or combine with oxygen" |
42D.d005.s001.t013 | The methane of the coal seam could also be oxidized to formaldehyde, the *basis* of the acetal polymers, or even to higher alcohols — the other half of the polyester molecule. | basis | basis | NOUN | "basis%1:24:01" | "the most important or necessary part of something" | "basis%1:24:00 : a relation that provides the foundation for something", "basis%1:09:00 : the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained", "basis%1:24:01 : the most important or necessary part of something" |
42D.d005.s001.t023 | The methane of the coal seam could also be oxidized to formaldehyde, the basis of the acetal polymers, or even to higher *alcohols* — the other half of the polyester molecule. | alcohols | alcohol | NOUN | "alcohol%1:27:00" | "any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation" | "alcohol%1:13:00 : a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent", "alcohol%1:27:00 : any of a series of volatile hydroxyl compounds that are made from hydrocarbons by distillation" |
42D.d005.s003.t001 | Once *formed* in place, they could be extracted by the Frasch process — pumping superheated stream down a borehole to blow them to the surface in molten form. | formed | form | VERB | "form%2:30:05", "form%2:42:02" | "assume a form or shape", "develop into a distinctive entity" | "form%2:41:00 : create (as an entity)", "form%2:42:00 : to compose or represent:", "form%2:42:02 : develop into a distinctive entity", "form%2:30:01 : give shape or form to", "form%2:36:00 : make something, usually for a specific function", "form%2:41:02 : establish or impress firmly in the mind", "form%2:30:05 : assum... |
42D.d005.s003.t020 | Once formed in place, they could be extracted by the Frasch process — pumping superheated stream down a borehole to *blow* them to the surface in molten form. | blow | blow | VERB | "blow%2:38:03" | "cause to move by means of an air current" | "blow%2:29:00 : exhale hard", "blow%2:43:00 : be blowing or storming", "blow%2:29:01 : free of obstruction by blowing air through", "blow%2:38:00 : be in motion due to some air or water current", "blow%2:39:01 : make a sound as if blown", "blow%2:30:08 : shape by blowing", "blow%2:41:00 : make a mess of, destroy or rui... |
42D.d005.s004.t000 | *So* DREADCO chemists are using all the cunning of modern catalytic chemistry to polymerize coal in situ. | So | so | ADV | "so%4:02:10" | "(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result" | "so%4:02:02 : to a very great extent or degree", "so%4:02:06 : in a manner that facilitates", "so%4:02:05 : in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied", "so%4:02:07 : to a certain unspecified extent or degree", "so%4:02:08 : in the same way; also", "so%4:02:04 : in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly... |
42D.d005.s007.t001 | The *seam* will be converted into a vast bed of crude acetal / styrene / ester copolymer. | seam | seam | NOUN | "seam%1:15:00" | "a stratum of ore or coal thick enough to be mined with profit" | "seam%1:06:00 : joint consisting of a line formed by joining two pieces", "seam%1:25:01 : a slight depression in the smoothness of a surface", "seam%1:15:00 : a stratum of ore or coal thick enough to be mined with profit" |
42D.d005.s007.t010 | The seam will be converted into a vast bed of *crude* acetal / styrene / ester copolymer. | crude | crude | ADJ | "crude%3:00:02" | "not refined or processed" | "crude%5:00:01:unskilled:00 : not carefully or expertly made", "crude%5:00:00:indecent:00 : conspicuously and tastelessly indecent", "crude%3:00:02 : not refined or processed", "crude%5:00:00:early:02 : belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness", "crude%5:00... |
42D.d005.s009.t000 | *Oil* and gas will provide our energy : they are good at that. | Oil | oil | NOUN | "oil%1:27:01" | "a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons" | "oil%1:27:00 : a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water", "oil%1:06:01 : oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist", "oil%1:27:01 : a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons", "oil%1:13:00 : any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants" |
42D.d006.s000.t007 | It can be equally successful to use *ranges* of blues with silver, and whites and creams always blend well with the lighter coloured leaves. | ranges | range | NOUN | "range%1:14:00" | "a variety of different things or activities" | "range%1:07:00 : an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:", "range%1:15:01 : the limits within which something can be effective", "range%1:15:02 : a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze", "range%1:17:00 : a series of hills or mountains", "range%1:06:00 : a place for s... |
42D.d006.s000.t011 | It can be equally successful to use ranges of blues with *silver*, and whites and creams always blend well with the lighter coloured leaves. | silver | silver | NOUN | "silver%1:07:00" | "a light shade of grey" | "silver%1:27:00 : a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography", "silver%1:21:00 : coins made of silver", "silver%1:07:00 : a light shade of grey", "silv... |
42D.d006.s000.t018 | It can be equally successful to use ranges of blues with silver, and whites and creams always *blend* well with the lighter coloured leaves. | blend | blend | VERB | "blend%2:30:00", "blend%2:42:00" | "mix together different elements", "blend or harmonize" | "blend%2:35:00 : combine into one", "blend%2:42:00 : blend or harmonize", "blend%2:30:00 : mix together different elements" |
42D.d006.s002.t024 | If you have chosen a flower that is very dark and striking, make sure that at least one of the other flowers has the same *colour* value. | colour | colour | NOUN | "colour%1:07:00", "colour%1:07:01" | "a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect", "the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation" | "colour%1:27:00 : any material used for its color", "colour%1:14:00 : a race with skin pigmentation different from the white race (especially Blacks)", "colour%1:09:01 : (physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction", "colour%1:07:03 : interest and variety and intensity", "... |
42D.d006.s003.t007 | Otherwise, one 's eye will be *drawn* to the darkest flower or leaf in the picture, which will act as a distraction from the overall shape and impact of the picture. | drawn | draw | VERB | "draw%2:35:06" | "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes" | "draw%2:35:03 : cause to move by pulling", "draw%2:40:00 : get or derive", "draw%2:35:01 : make a mark or lines on a surface", "draw%2:31:00 : make, formulate, or derive in the mind", "draw%2:38:01 : bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover", "draw%2:36:00 : represent by making a drawing of, as wit... |
42D.d006.s003.t022 | Otherwise, one 's eye will be drawn to the darkest flower or leaf in the picture, which will act as a *distraction* from the overall shape and impact of the picture. | distraction | distraction | NOUN | "distraction%1:09:01" | "an obstacle to attention" | "distraction%1:09:00 : mental turmoil", "distraction%1:09:01 : an obstacle to attention", "distraction%1:04:01 : an entertainment that provokes pleased interest and distracts you from worries and vexations", "distraction%1:04:02 : the act of distracting; drawing someone's attention away from something" |
42D.d006.s005.t016 | A subtle blend of golden yellows, reds and browns can be spoilt by using a *really* overpowering bright orange flower right in the middle of the design. | really | really | ADV | "really%4:02:00" | "used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal" | "really%4:02:03 : in accordance with truth or fact or reality", "really%4:02:04 : in actual fact", "really%4:02:02 : in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)", "really%4:02:00 : used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal" |
42D.d006.s006.t026 | It would be much better to use several bright orange and bright yellow flowers, plus some strong-coloured leaves, to make a very striking and *vivid* picture. | vivid | vivid | ADJ | "vivid%5:00:00:colorful:00" | "having striking color" | "vivid%5:00:00:realistic:00 : evoking lifelike images within the mind", "vivid%5:00:00:clear:00 : having the clarity and freshness of immediate experience", "vivid%5:00:00:colorful:00 : having striking color", "vivid%5:00:00:saturated:03 : (of color) having the highest saturation" |
42D.d006.s007.t003 | If you use *brilliant* white flowers, such as larkspur or some of the daisies, you must ensure that there are several light tones in the picture, otherwise one 's eye will automatically focus on the white flowers and only then fall back on to the rest of the picture. | brilliant | brilliant | ADJ | "brilliant%5:00:00:colorful:00" | "having striking color" | "brilliant%5:00:00:superior:02 : of surpassing excellence", "brilliant%5:00:00:intelligent:00 : having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence", "brilliant%5:00:00:impressive:00 : characterized by grandeur", "brilliant%5:00:00:colorful:00 : having striking color", "brilliant%5:00:00:bright:00 : full of light; ... |
42D.d007.s000.t008 | It, therefore, has two schemes that *provide* for longer terms funding for particular departments to build up a research programme in a particular area : there are now 150 of these groups at German universities. | provide | provide | VERB | "provide%2:42:00" | "make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain" | "provide%2:40:00 : give something useful or necessary to", "provide%2:34:00 : give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance", "provide%2:32:00 : determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation", "provide%2:41:00 : mount or put u... |
42D.d007.s000.t020 | It, therefore, has two schemes that provide for longer terms funding for particular departments to build up a research *programme* in a particular area : there are now 150 of these groups at German universities. | programme | programme | NOUN | "programme%1:09:01", "programme%1:09:00" | "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need", "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" | "programme%1:10:00 : an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event", "programme%1:10:05 : an integrated course of academic studies", "programme%1:10:01 : a radio or television show", "programme%1:10:02 : (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpre... |
42D.d007.s003.t022 | Some would like the elitist trend to permeate even further, in the form of elite faculties, or even whole elite *universities*. | universities | university | NOUN | "university%1:14:01" | "a large and diverse institution of higher learning created to educate for life and for a profession and to grant degrees" | "university%1:14:00 : the body of faculty and students at a university", "university%1:06:00 : establishment where a seat of higher learning is housed, including administrative and living quarters as well as facilities for research and teaching", "university%1:14:01 : a large and diverse institution of higher learning ... |
42D.d007.s006.t006 | A much quoted observation by one *grand* old man of German science policy, Professor Heinz Maier Leibnitz, points out that German researchers who have done well in stints in the US tend to stagnate when they return to the German system. | grand | grand | ADJ | "grand%5:00:00:extraordinary:00" | "extraordinarily good or great ; used especially as intensifiers" | "grand%5:00:00:impressive:00 : of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope", "grand%5:00:00:noble:02 : of or befitting a lord", "grand%5:00:00:rich:03 : rich and superior in quality", "grand%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 : extraordinarily good or great ; used especially as intensifiers", "grand%5:00:00:no... |
42D.d008.s000.t000 | *Turning over* the machine reveals the high and low speed switch on the top. | Turning over | turn_over | VERB | "turn_over%2:35:01" | "turn upside down, or throw so as to reverse" | "turn_over%2:40:00 : place into the hands or custody of", "turn_over%2:38:02 : cause to overturn from an upright or normal position", "turn_over%2:38:03 : move by turning over or rotating", "turn_over%2:35:00 : turn up, loosen, or remove earth", "turn_over%2:40:01 : do business worth a certain amount of money", "turn_o... |
42D.d008.s002.t004 | Just behind this control *sits* the chuck key holder. | sits | sit | VERB | "sit%2:42:05" | "be located or situated somewhere" | "sit%2:35:00 : be seated", "sit%2:42:00 : be around, often idly or without specific purpose", "sit%2:38:00 : take a seat", "sit%2:38:01 : be in session", "sit%2:39:00 : assume a posture as for artistic purposes", "sit%2:38:03 : sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions", "sit%2:42:05 :... |
42D.d008.s002.t006 | Just behind this control sits the *chuck* key holder. | chuck | chuck | NOUN | "chuck%1:06:00" | "a holding device consisting of adjustable jaws that center a workpiece in a lathe or center a tool in a drill" | "chuck%1:13:02 : informal terms for a meal", "chuck%1:13:00 : the part of a forequarter from the neck to the ribs and including the shoulder blade", "chuck%1:06:00 : a holding device consisting of adjustable jaws that center a workpiece in a lathe or center a tool in a drill" |
42D.d008.s003.t009 | This 9.6 volt machine was put to the test *screwing* plasterboard to timber beams, without pilot holes. | screwing | screw | VERB | "screw%2:35:02" | "cause to penetrate, as with a circular motion" | "screw%2:35:04 : have sexual intercourse with", "screw%2:35:03 : turn like a screw", "screw%2:35:02 : cause to penetrate, as with a circular motion", "screw%2:35:01 : tighten or fasten by means of screwing motions", "screw%2:33:00 : defeat someone through trickery or deceit" |
42D.d008.s004.t009 | After driving an estimated 250 of the 20 mm *screws*, the drill was still going strong. | screws | screw | NOUN | "screw%1:06:02" | "a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole" | "screw%1:18:00 : someone who guards prisoners", "screw%1:06:02 : a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole", "screw%1:06:01 : a propeller with several angled blades that rotates to push against water or air", "screw%1:06:00 ... |
42D.d008.s005.t004 | Makita has published estimated *performance* figures with a range of screws / bits, into a variety of materials, in the instruction booklet. | performance | performance | NOUN | "performance%1:22:00" | "process or manner of functioning or operating" | "performance%1:10:00 : a dramatic or musical entertainment", "performance%1:04:01 : the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment", "performance%1:04:00 : the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it", "performance%1:04:03 :... |
42D.d008.s005.t008 | Makita has published estimated performance figures with a *range* of screws / bits, into a variety of materials, in the instruction booklet. | range | range | NOUN | "range%1:14:00" | "a variety of different things or activities" | "range%1:07:00 : an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:", "range%1:15:01 : the limits within which something can be effective", "range%1:15:02 : a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze", "range%1:17:00 : a series of hills or mountains", "range%1:06:00 : a place for s... |
42D.d008.s005.t010 | Makita has published estimated performance figures with a range of *screws* / bits, into a variety of materials, in the instruction booklet. | screws | screw | NOUN | "screw%1:06:02" | "a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole" | "screw%1:18:00 : someone who guards prisoners", "screw%1:06:02 : a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole", "screw%1:06:01 : a propeller with several angled blades that rotates to push against water or air", "screw%1:06:00 ... |
42D.d008.s005.t012 | Makita has published estimated performance figures with a range of screws / *bits*, into a variety of materials, in the instruction booklet. | bits | bit | NOUN | "bit%1:06:00" | "the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press" | "bit%1:23:01 : a small piece or quantity of something", "bit%1:17:00 : a small fragment of something broken off from the whole", "bit%1:28:00 : an indefinitely short time", "bit%1:11:00 : an instance of some kind", "bit%1:06:01 : piece of metal held in horse's mouth by reins and used to control the horse while riding",... |
42D.d008.s007.t010 | If nothing else, it gives an indication of the *performance* to be expected from a well-maintained battery. | performance | performance | NOUN | "performance%1:22:00" | "process or manner of functioning or operating" | "performance%1:10:00 : a dramatic or musical entertainment", "performance%1:04:01 : the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment", "performance%1:04:00 : the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it", "performance%1:04:03 :... |
42D.d008.s008.t025 | As would be expected from one of the three largest power tool manufacturers, there is a host of accessories on offer, from a polishing *pad* to a range of 28 screwdriver bits. | pad | pad | NOUN | "pad%1:06:00" | "a flat mass of soft material used for protection, stuffing, or comfort" | "pad%1:27:01 : a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge", "pad%1:20:00 : the large floating leaf of an aquatic plant (as the water lily)", "pad%1:06:05 : a block of absorbent material saturated with ink; used to transfer ink evenly to a rubber stamp", "pad%1:06:00 : a flat mass of soft material used... |
42D.d008.s008.t028 | As would be expected from one of the three largest power tool manufacturers, there is a host of accessories on offer, from a polishing pad to a *range* of 28 screwdriver bits. | range | range | NOUN | "range%1:14:00" | "a variety of different things or activities" | "range%1:07:00 : an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:", "range%1:15:01 : the limits within which something can be effective", "range%1:15:02 : a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze", "range%1:17:00 : a series of hills or mountains", "range%1:06:00 : a place for s... |
42D.d008.s008.t032 | As would be expected from one of the three largest power tool manufacturers, there is a host of accessories on offer, from a polishing pad to a range of 28 screwdriver *bits*. | bits | bit | NOUN | "bit%1:06:00" | "the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press" | "bit%1:23:01 : a small piece or quantity of something", "bit%1:17:00 : a small fragment of something broken off from the whole", "bit%1:28:00 : an indefinitely short time", "bit%1:11:00 : an instance of some kind", "bit%1:06:01 : piece of metal held in horse's mouth by reins and used to control the horse while riding",... |
42D.d008.s010.t013 | Some parts of the switchgear worked well, such as the forward / reverse *toggle*, with FWD and REV etched on the sides of the body so the drill did not have to be constantly turned upside down. | toggle | toggle | NOUN | "toggle%1:06:01" | "a hinged switch that can assume either of two positions" | "toggle%1:10:00 : any instruction that works first one way and then the other; it turns something on the first time it is used and then turns it off the next time", "toggle%1:06:01 : a hinged switch that can assume either of two positions", "toggle%1:06:00 : a fastener consisting of a peg or pin or crosspiece that is i... |
42D.d008.s010.t025 | Some parts of the switchgear worked well, such as the forward / reverse toggle, with FWD and REV etched on the sides of the *body* so the drill did not have to be constantly turned upside down. | body | body | NOUN | "body%1:07:01" | "the main mass of a thing" | "body%1:08:00 : the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)", "body%1:14:00 : a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity", "body%1:08:02 : a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person", "body%1:17:00 : an individual 3-dimensional object ... |
42D.d009.s000.t007 | During this three-year period they applied two *dressings* of farmyard manure and in the intervening year they applied an indigenous legume crop as green manure. | dressings | dressing | NOUN | "dressing%1:11:00" | "making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure" | "dressing%1:13:01 : savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type", "dressing%1:13:02 : a mixture of seasoned ingredients used to stuff meats and vegetables", "dressing%1:11:00 : making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure", "dressin... |
42D.d009.s001.t016 | This system enabled them to maintain an exceptionally dense population, on the best principles of *fertility* conservation. | fertility | fertility | NOUN | "fertility%1:26:00", "fertility%1:07:00" | "the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring", "the property of producing abundantly and sustaining vigorous and luxuriant growth" | "fertility%1:28:00 : the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year", "fertility%1:26:00 : the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring", "fertility%1:07:00 : the property of producing abundantly and sustaining vigorous and luxuriant growth" |
42D.d009.s002.t013 | The Wakara were not exceptional in combining the ownership of livestock with crop *production*, but they were exceptional in integrating the two. | production | production | NOUN | "production%1:23:00" | "the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)" | "production%1:04:00 : the act or process of producing something", "production%1:10:00 : a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television", "production%1:06:00 : an artifact that has been created by someone or some process", "production%1:04:01 : (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law", "production%1... |
42D.d009.s003.t037 | Other African communities, such as the Lozi on the Barotse floodplain in western Zambia, and, on a smaller scale the Yoruba in western Nigeria, maintained livestock herds which were essentially secondary to their crop *production*, providing manure for crops on an ad hoc basis. | production | production | NOUN | "production%1:23:00" | "the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)" | "production%1:04:00 : the act or process of producing something", "production%1:10:00 : a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television", "production%1:06:00 : an artifact that has been created by someone or some process", "production%1:04:01 : (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law", "production%1... |
42D.d009.s003.t042 | Other African communities, such as the Lozi on the Barotse floodplain in western Zambia, and, on a smaller scale the Yoruba in western Nigeria, maintained livestock herds which were essentially secondary to their crop production, providing manure for *crops* on an ad hoc basis. | crops | crop | NOUN | "crop%1:20:01" | "a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale" | "crop%1:20:00 : the yield from plants in a single growing season", "crop%1:20:01 : a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale", "crop%1:14:00 : a collection of people or things appearing together", "crop%1:06:01 : the output of something in a season", "crop%1:06:00 : the stock or handle of a whip", ... |
42D.d009.s003.t045 | Other African communities, such as the Lozi on the Barotse floodplain in western Zambia, and, on a smaller scale the Yoruba in western Nigeria, maintained livestock herds which were essentially secondary to their crop production, providing manure for crops on an *ad hoc* basis. | ad hoc | ad_hoc | ADJ | "ad_hoc%5:00:00:specific:00" | "for or concerned with one specific purpose" | "ad_hoc%5:00:00:unplanned:00 : often improvised or impromptu", "ad_hoc%5:00:00:specific:00 : for or concerned with one specific purpose" |
42D.d009.s004.t001 | The *true* pastoralists, such as the Fulani, the Dinka of southern Sudan and the Masai of the east African plains were in a different category. | true | true | ADJ | "true%5:00:00:typical:00", "true%5:00:00:real:02" | "conforming to definitive criteria", "rightly so called" | "true%3:00:00 : consistent with fact or reality; not false; ; - B. Russell", "true%5:00:00:accurate:00 : accurately placed or thrown", "true%5:00:02:faithful:00 : devoted (sometimes fanatically) to a cause or concept or truth", "true%3:00:04 : expressing or given to expressing the truth", "true%5:00:00:typical:00 : con... |
42D.d009.s004.t012 | The true pastoralists, such as the Fulani, the Dinka of southern *Sudan* and the Masai of the east African plains were in a different category. | Sudan | sudan | NOUN | "sudan%1:15:01" | "a region of northern Africa to the south of the Sahara and Libyan deserts; extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea" | "sudan%1:15:00 : a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956", "sudan%1:15:01 : a region of northern Africa to the south of the Sahara and Libyan deserts; extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea" |
42D.d009.s006.t008 | They might make an incidental contribution to crop *production* by agreeing to graze their herds over settled farmers ' land once it had been harvested. | production | production | NOUN | "production%1:23:00" | "the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)" | "production%1:04:00 : the act or process of producing something", "production%1:10:00 : a presentation for the stage or screen or radio or television", "production%1:06:00 : an artifact that has been created by someone or some process", "production%1:04:01 : (law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law", "production%1... |
42D.d009.s006.t012 | They might make an incidental contribution to crop production by agreeing to *graze* their herds over settled farmers ' land once it had been harvested. | graze | graze | VERB | "graze%2:35:10" | "let feed in a field or pasture or meadow" | "graze%2:35:01 : feed as in a meadow or pasture", "graze%2:35:02 : break the skin (of a body part) by scraping", "graze%2:35:10 : let feed in a field or pasture or meadow", "graze%2:35:00 : scrape gently", "graze%2:34:02 : eat lightly, try different dishes" |
42D.d009.s006.t016 | They might make an incidental contribution to crop production by agreeing to graze their herds over *settled* farmers ' land once it had been harvested. | settled | settled | ADJ | "settled%3:00:01" | "established in a desired position or place; not moving about" | "settled%3:00:02 : established or decided beyond dispute or doubt", "settled%3:00:01 : established in a desired position or place; not moving about", "settled%5:00:00:inhabited:00 : inhabited by colonists", "settled%5:00:00:calm:00 : not changeable" |
42D.d010.s000.t006 | Tourist numbers currently total 50 million *annually*, and demand is expected to continue growing well into the next century. | annually | annually | ADV | "annually%4:02:01" | "by the year; every year (usually with reference to a sum of money paid or received)" | "annually%4:02:00 : without missing a year", "annually%4:02:01 : by the year; every year (usually with reference to a sum of money paid or received)" |
42D.d010.s001.t001 | Widespread *deforestation* to make way for ski slopes has eroded topsoil, increasing the incidence of avalanches. | deforestation | deforestation | NOUN | "deforestation%1:04:00" | "the removal of trees" | "deforestation%1:26:00 : the state of being clear of trees", "deforestation%1:04:00 : the removal of trees" |
42D.d010.s002.t006 | Large numbers of rare and beautiful *Alpine* plants are threatened with extinction. | Alpine | alpine | ADJ | "alpine%5:00:00:upland:00" | "living or growing above the timber line" | "alpine%3:01:01 : relating to or characteristic of alps", "alpine%3:01:00 : relating to the Alps and their inhabitants", "alpine%5:00:00:upland:00 : living or growing above the timber line" |
42D.d010.s002.t011 | Large numbers of rare and beautiful Alpine plants are threatened with *extinction*. | extinction | extinction | NOUN | "extinction%1:26:01", "extinction%1:11:00" | "no longer in existence", "complete annihilation" | "extinction%1:26:02 : no longer active; extinguished", "extinction%1:26:01 : no longer in existence", "extinction%1:22:00 : the reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation", "extinction%1:11:00 : complete annihilation", "extinction%1:09:00 : a conditioning process in which the r... |
42D.d010.s004.t017 | Alp Action is to launch a number of conservation projects, including reforestation, together with a public education *programme*. | programme | programme | NOUN | "programme%1:09:00", "programme%1:09:01" | "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished", "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" | "programme%1:10:00 : an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event", "programme%1:10:05 : an integrated course of academic studies", "programme%1:10:01 : a radio or television show", "programme%1:10:02 : (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpre... |
42D.d010.s005.t006 | It will operate in all the *Alpine* countries ( Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein ). | Alpine | alpine | ADJ | "alpine%3:01:00" | "relating to the Alps and their inhabitants" | "alpine%3:01:01 : relating to or characteristic of alps", "alpine%3:01:00 : relating to the Alps and their inhabitants", "alpine%5:00:00:upland:00 : living or growing above the timber line" |
42D.d010.s006.t013 | Specific plans include the reintroduction of captive-bred brown bears to Austria, and European *lynx* to the eastern Alps. | lynx | lynx | NOUN | "lynx%1:05:00" | "short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears; valued for their fur" | "lynx%1:10:00 : a text browser", "lynx%1:05:00 : short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears; valued for their fur" |
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