{"id": "2hop__460946_294723", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Grant's First Stand", "paragraph_text": "Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as \"First Session\" in 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of show business families", "paragraph_text": "Actress / director / singer Phylicia Rash\u0101d is the older sister of performer Debbie Allen, who is married to former NBA basketball player, Norm Nixon. Phylicia Rash\u0101d is the former spouse of both Victor Willis, former lead singer of the group Village People, and former NFL football player turned sportscaster, Ahmad Rash\u0101d. Phylicia and Ahmad Rash\u0101d are the parents of actress Condola Rash\u0101d.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Green", "paragraph_text": "For the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris, was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. Palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. It was worn by both the living and dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. Tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. It also symbolized the sea, which was called the \"Very Green.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Green Lake (Chisago City, Minnesota)", "paragraph_text": "Green Lake is a lake in Chisago City, Minnesota, United States. This lake is sometimes also referred to as \"Big Green Lake\" because it is connected to Little Green Lake by a channel. Green Lake was named from the fact its waters are green from the high algae content.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Musty Rusty", "paragraph_text": "Musty Rusty is an album by jazz saxophonist Lou Donaldson recorded for the Cadet label in 1965 and performed by Donaldson with Bill Hardman, Billy Gardner, Grant Green, and Ben Dixon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Miquette Giraudy", "paragraph_text": "Miquette Giraudy (born 9 February 1953, Nice, France) is a keyboard player and vocalist, best known for her work in Gong and with her partner Steve Hillage. She and Hillage currently form the core of the ambient band System 7. In addition to her performances in music, she has also worked as an actress, film editor and writer. In each role, she has used different stage names.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Green", "paragraph_text": "Animals typically use the color green as camouflage, blending in with the chlorophyll green of the surrounding environment. Green animals include, especially, amphibians, reptiles, and some fish, birds and insects. Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment. Perception of color can also be affected by the surrounding environment. For example, broadleaf forests typically have a yellow-green light about them as the trees filter the light. Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially. Invertebrates such as insects or mollusks often display green colors because of porphyrin pigments, sometimes caused by diet. This can causes their feces to look green as well. Other chemicals which generally contribute to greenness among organisms are flavins (lychochromes) and hemanovadin. Humans have imitated this by wearing green clothing as a camouflage in military and other fields. Substances that may impart a greenish hue to one's skin include biliverdin, the green pigment in bile, and ceruloplasmin, a protein that carries copper ions in chelation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "paragraph_text": "Star Trek: Discovery premiered on September 19, 2017, at ArcLight Hollywood, before debuting on CBS and All Access on September 24. The rest of the 15 - episode first season are streaming weekly on All Access. The series' release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin - Green's performance. A second season was ordered in October 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Gooden's Corner", "paragraph_text": "Gooden's Corner is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1961 and released on the Japanese Blue Note label in 1980. The tracks were also released in 1997 as part of \"The Complete Quartets with Sonny Clark\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "paragraph_text": "Star Trek: Discovery premiered on September 19, 2017, at ArcLight Hollywood, before debuting on CBS and CBS All Access on September 24. The rest of the 15 - episode first season is streaming weekly on All Access. The series' release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin - Green's performance. A second season was ordered in October 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Green (Steve Hillage album)", "paragraph_text": "Green is the fourth studio album by British progressive rock musician Steve Hillage. Written in spring 1977 at the same time as his previous album, the funk-inflected \"Motivation Radio\" (1977), \"Green\" was originally going to be released as \"The Green Album\" as a companion to \"The Red Album\" (the originally intended name for \"Motivation Radio\"). However, this plan was dropped and after a US tour in late 1977, \"Green\" was recorded alone, primarily in Dorking, Surrey, and in London.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Little Green (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Little Green\" is a song composed and performed by Joni Mitchell. It is the third track on her 1971 album \"Blue\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Main Attraction (album)", "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Green Party of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Green Party of the United States Chairperson Green National Committee Founded April 2001; 17 years ago (2001 - 04) Split from Greens / Green Party USA Preceded by Citizens Party Association of State Green Parties Headquarters 6411 Orchard Avenue, Suite 101, Takoma Park, Maryland 20912 Newspaper Green Pages Youth wing Young Greens Women's wing National Women's Caucus LGBT wing Lavender Greens Latinx wing Latinx Caucus Black wing Black Caucus Ideology Anti-capitalism Eco-socialism Green politics Political position Left - wing International affiliation Global Greens Continental affiliation Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas Colors Green Seats in the Senate 0 / 100 Seats in the House 0 / 435 Governorships 0 / 50 State Upper House Seats 0 / 1,972 State Lower House Seats 2 / 5,411 Territorial Governorships 0 / 6 Territorial Upper Chamber Seats 0 / 97 Territorial Lower Chamber Seats 0 / 91 Other elected offices 156 (2018) Website gp.org Politics of United States Political parties Elections", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau", "paragraph_text": "Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau (Antwerp, 17 September 1580 \u2013 Ch\u00e2teau-Renard, August 1631) was the fifth daughter of William the Silent and his third spouse, Charlotte of Bourbon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Native Son (play)", "paragraph_text": "Native Son is a 1941 Broadway drama written by Paul Green and Richard Wright based on Wright's novel \"Native Son\". It was produced by Orson Welles and John Houseman with Bern Bernard as associate producer and directed by Welles with scenic design by John Morcom. It ran for 114 performances from March 24, 1941 to June 28, 1941 at the St. James Theatre.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "paragraph_text": "Star Trek: Discovery premiered on September 19, 2017, at ArcLight Hollywood, before debuting on CBS and CBS All Access on September 24. The rest of the 15 - episode first season was streamed weekly on All Access. The series' release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin - Green's performance. A second season was ordered in October 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The Odd Life of Timothy Green", "paragraph_text": "The Odd Life of Timothy Green is a 2012 American fantasy comedy-drama film starring Jennifer Garner, Joel Edgerton, Dianne Wiest, CJ Adams, Rosemarie DeWitt, Ron Livingston, David Morse and Common, written and directed by Peter Hedges and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. Based on a concept by Ahmet Zappa, the film is about a magical pre-adolescent boy whose personality and na\u00efvet\u00e9 have profound effects on the people in his town. The film was released theatrically on August 15, 2012. It received mixed reviews from critics, earned $55.3 million on a $25 million budget and had modest ticket sales in its debut weekend. CJ Adams's performance won him a Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film, while Odeya Rush's performance was nominated for the same award. \"The Odd Life of Timothy Green\" was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray and DVD on December 4, 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The Latin Bit", "paragraph_text": "The Latin Bit is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the Blue Note label. It is a loose concept album inspired by Latin American music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Mok Kwai-lan", "paragraph_text": "Mok Kwai-lan (; October 15, 1892 \u2013 November 3, 1982) was the fourth spouse of Lingnan martial arts grandmaster Wong Fei-hung.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the spouse of the Green performer?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 460946, "question": "Green >> performer", "answer": "Steve Hillage", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 294723, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Miquette Giraudy", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Miquette Giraudy", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1806}
{"id": "2hop__252311_366220", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "SICRAL 1B", "paragraph_text": "SICRAL 1B is a military communications satellite built by Thales Alenia Space for Italian Armed Forces. It is a dual-use spacecraft: Telespazio will use some of the satellite's transmission capacity and some will be used by the Italian defense ministry and NATO. The spacecraft is based on the Italsat 3000 bus and includes one EHF/Ka band, three UHF-band and five active SHF-band transponders. It is designed to be operable for 13 years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Salix arbuscula", "paragraph_text": "Salix arbuscula, the mountain willow, is a low, much branched shrub (to 0.7 metres) having a limited distribution in Northern Europe, occurring from north Scandinavia eastwards to Siberia. In Scotland it can be found on damp rocky mountain slopes and ledges, generally at altitudes above 600 metres, rarely outside Perthshire and Argyll.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "GeminiJets", "paragraph_text": "GeminiJets is a diecast model airplane manufacturer based in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States founded in 1998 under the name of SkyJets. The product line is named GeminiJets, but ADI (Airliners Distributing Inc.) is the founding company holding the production licenses from airlines and aircraft manufacturers, including but not limited to Boeing, Airbus, McDonnell Douglas, and Embraer. ADI makes and markets aircraft in several different scales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "DeSoto Records", "paragraph_text": "DeSoto Records is an American record label based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1989, it is run by Bill Barbot and Kim Coletta, both formerly of the band Jawbox. It was first founded by members of the band Edsel to release their first single, \"My Manacles\". Jawbox next used the name DeSoto for their first EP. It has released over 40 records, 7\" singles, CDs, and LP vinyl records. It is distributed by Fontana Distribution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Videodrome", "paragraph_text": "Videodrome is a 1983 Canadian science fiction body horror film written and directed by David Cronenberg and starring James Woods, Sonja Smits, and Deborah Harry. Set in Toronto during the early 1980s, it follows the CEO of a small UHF television station who stumbles upon a broadcast signal featuring extreme violence and torture. The layers of deception and mind-control conspiracy unfold as he uncovers the signal's source, and loses touch with reality in a series of increasingly bizarre and violent organic hallucinations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Le Mauricien", "paragraph_text": "Le Mauricien is a French-language newspaper, based and distributed in Mauritius. The newspaper, founded in 1908, is released daily and is one of the most read in Mauritius. The publishers, Le Mauricien Ltd., also publish \"Week-End\", \"Week-End Scope\" and \"Turf Magazine\". It is an independent newspaper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mike Medavoy", "paragraph_text": "Morris Mike Medavoy (born January 21, 1941) is an American film producer and executive, co-founder of Orion Pictures (1978), former chairman of TriStar Pictures, former head of production for United Artists (1974\u20131978) and current chairman and CEO of Phoenix Pictures.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Race (human categorization)", "paragraph_text": "Coop et al. (2009) found \"a selected allele that strongly differentiates the French from both the Yoruba and Han could be strongly clinal across Europe, or at high frequency in Europe and absent elsewhere, or follow any other distribution according to the geographic nature of the selective pressure. However, we see that the global geographic distributions of these putatively selected alleles are largely determined simply by their frequencies in Yoruba, French and Han (Figure 3). The global distributions fall into three major geographic patterns that we interpret as non-African sweeps, west Eurasian sweeps and East Asian sweeps, respectively.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Three Gut Records", "paragraph_text": "Three Gut Records was a Guelph, Ontario, Canada based independent record label. It was founded in 1999 by Lisa Moran and Tyler Clarke Burke as a vehicle for releasing albums by their friends; it became an influential player in Canadian music with the breakout success of the Constantines' self-titled 2001 release on the label. Three Gut releases were distributed by Outside Music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "SModcast Pictures", "paragraph_text": "SModcast Pictures is an American film distribution company and a film and television production company founded by Kevin Smith in 2011. Kevin Smith announced at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival that he would release his latest movie \"Red State\" himself under his own distribution company \"SModcast Pictures\" by touring the film instead of having a traditional release.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "UHF (film)", "paragraph_text": "Yankovic and Levey wrote the film after Yankovic's second studio album, looking to apply the musician's parody and comedy to film, and chose the approach of George being a straight man with a vivid imagination to support the inclusion of parodies within the film. They struggled with finding a film production company for financing the film, but were eventually able to get Orion Pictures' support after stating they could keep the film costs under $5 million. Principal filming took place around Tulsa, Oklahoma, with many of the extras for the film from the Tulsa and Dallas, Texas areas.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Sleaszy Rider Records", "paragraph_text": "Sleaszy Rider Records is an independent record label which was founded in 1999 by Tolis G. Palantzas. The head office of the label is located in Greece. The label is mainly distributed in Europe by Sony Music/EMI. The label also distributes releases in Greece from numerous labels, including Roadrunner Records, SPV, and Pagan Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Common nightingale", "paragraph_text": "It is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in forest and scrub in Europe and south - west Asia, and wintering in sub-Saharan Africa. It is not found naturally in the Americas. The distribution is more southerly than the very closely related thrush nightingale Luscinia luscinia. It nests on or near the ground in dense vegetation. Research in Germany found that favoured breeding habitat of nightingales was defined by a number of geographical factors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Kirtland Records", "paragraph_text": "In 2003, John Kirtland co-founded Kirtland Records with his wife, The Polyphonic Spree choir member Jenny Kirtland. Kirtland Records leveraged the Bush back catalog rights to secure a national distribution deal with RED Distribution, which remains the label's distributor. Kirtland Records went on to become the record label for a number of Texas-based indie bands, including the Burden Brothers, The Polyphonic Spree, Toadies, The Vanished, and Sarah Jaffe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "WCCO-TV", "paragraph_text": "WCCO-TV, virtual channel 4 (UHF digital channel 32), is a CBS owned-and-operated television station, licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States and serving the Twin Cities television market. The station is owned by the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of CBS Corporation. WCCO-TV's studios are located on South 11th Street along Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis, and its transmitter is located at the Telefarm complex in Shoreview, Minnesota.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Marketwired", "paragraph_text": "Marketwired is a press release distribution service headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Marketwired was founded in 1993 and incorporated in the U.S. in 1999. The company distributes press releases via traditional methods (Associated Press, Bloomberg, etc.) as well as new media methods and other services.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Equity Music Group", "paragraph_text": "Equity Music Group was an American country music record label founded in 2003 by singer Clint Black. The label was distributed by Koch Entertainment (now E1 Entertainment).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "List of tallest structures", "paragraph_text": "KVLY - TV mast 628.8 m (2,063 ft) 1963 Guyed mast VHF - UHF transmission United States Blanchard, North Dakota Tallest mast in the world 47 \u00b0 20 \u2032 31.85 ''N 97 \u00b0 17 \u2032 21.13'' W \ufeff / \ufeff 47.3421806 \u00b0 N 97.2892028 \u00b0 W \ufeff / 47.3421806; - 97.2892028 \ufeff (KVLY - TV mast)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Amblin Entertainment", "paragraph_text": "Amblin Entertainment is an American film production company founded by director and producer Steven Spielberg, and film producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall in 1981. The company's headquarters are located on the backlot of Universal Studios in Universal City, California. The company distributes all of the films from Amblin Partners under the Amblin Entertainment name.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "CFVS-DT", "paragraph_text": "CFVS-DT (branded on-air as V Abitibi-T\u00e9miscamingue) is a French language television station affiliated with V, serving Quebec's Abitibi-T\u00e9miscamingue region that is licensed to Val-d'Or, Quebec, Canada. It broadcasts a digital signal on UHF channel 15 (or virtual channel 25.1 via PSIP) from a transmitter near Route Qu\u00e9bec Lithium in La Corne, and operates a rebroadcaster in Rouyn-Noranda (CFVS-DT-1) on UHF channel 20. Both transmitters flash-cut to digital on September 1, 2011.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who founded the company that distributed the film UHF?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 252311, "question": "UHF >> distributed by", "answer": "Orion Pictures", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 366220, "question": "#1 >> founded by", "answer": "Mike Medavoy", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}], "answer": "Mike Medavoy", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1783}
{"id": "2hop__701895_752697", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Pangi Territory", "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "1969 Mexican Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 1969 Gran Premio de Mexico (Mexican Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at the Ciudad Deportiva Magdalena Mixhuca, Mexico City on October 19, 1969, two weeks after the United States Grand Prix at Watkins Glen. It was race 11 of 11 in both the 1969 World Championship of Drivers and the 1969 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 65-lap race was won by McLaren driver Denny Hulme after he started from fourth position. Jacky Ickx finished second for the Brabham team and his teammate Jack Brabham came in third.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nuevo Laredo Municipality", "paragraph_text": "The Municipality of Nuevo Laredo is located in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Its municipal seat is Nuevo Laredo. The municipality contains more than 60 localities which the most important ones are Nuevo Laredo, El Campanario y Oradel, and \u00c1lvarez, the last two being suburbs of the city of Nuevo Laredo. By population, the municipality is the third largest in the state of Tamaulipas (behind Reynosa and Matamoros respectively). The Nuevo Laredo municipality is the northernmost in Tamaulipas, lying at the extreme northwestern tip of its narrow strip of land along the R\u00edo Grande. The city of Nuevo Laredo contains approximately 97.5% of the total population of the municipality.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Buenos Aires Argentina Temple", "paragraph_text": "The Buenos Aires Argentina Temple is the 39th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), located in Ciudad Evita, near Buenos Aires, Argentina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "French Algeria", "paragraph_text": "Shortly after Louis Philippe's constitutional monarchy was overthrown in the revolution of 1848, the new government of the Second Republic ended Algeria's status as a colony and declared in the 1848 Constitution the occupied lands an integral part of France. Three civil territories -- Alger, Oran, and Constantine -- were organized as Departments of France (local administrative units) under a civilian government. This made them a part of France proper as opposed to a colony. For the first time, French citizens in the civil territories elected their own councils and mayors; Muslims had to be appointed, could not hold more than one - third of council seats, and could not serve as mayors or assistant mayors. The administration of territories outside the zones settled by colons remained under the French Army. Local Muslim administration was allowed to continue under the supervision of French Army commanders, charged with maintaining order in newly pacified regions, and the bureaux arabes. Theoretically, these areas were closed to European colonization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sportivo Italiano", "paragraph_text": "Club Sportivo Italiano is an Argentine football club located in Ciudad Evita, La Matanza Partido, Greater Buenos Aires. The team currently plays in the Primera B Metropolitana, the third division of the Argentine football league system.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ciudad del Ni\u00f1o metro station", "paragraph_text": "Ciudad del Ni\u00f1o is an underground metro station on the Line 2 of the Santiago Metro, in Santiago, Chile. It is named for the former Ciudad del Ni\u00f1o Presidente Juan Antonio R\u00edos.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Ciudad Deportiva (Nuevo Laredo)", "paragraph_text": "The Ciudad Deportiva (\"Sports City\") is a sports complex in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico. It is home to the Tecolotes de Nuevo Laredo Mexican Baseball League team and the Toros de Nuevo Laredo Mexican professional basketball team from the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional. The Ciudad Deportiva's Estadio Nuevo Laredo (baseball park) can seat up to 12,000 fans at a baseball game and the Nuevo Laredo Multidisciplinary Gymnasium can seat 4,000 fans at a basketball game.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Juan Carlos Espinoza Mercado", "paragraph_text": "Juan Carlos Espinoza Mercado (born 23 July 1987 in Machala) is an Ecuadorian professional football player who has played for Ecuadorian club Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Loja and in 2010 he joined Peruvian club Juan Aurich.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Estadio Uni\u00f3n Tarma", "paragraph_text": "Estadio Uni\u00f3n Tarma is a multi-use stadium in Tarma, Peru. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Asociaci\u00f3n Deportiva Tarma of the Copa Per\u00fa. The stadium holds 9,000 spectators.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Ofu Airport", "paragraph_text": "Ofu Airport is a public airport located one mile (2\u00a0km) southeast of the village of Ofu on the island of Ofu in American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States. This airport is publicly owned by Government of American Samoa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "The D\u00edaz administration made political decisions and took legal measures that allowed the elite throughout Mexico to concentrate the nation's wealth by favoring monopolies. During this time, two-fifths of the state's territory was divided among 17 rich families which owned practically all of the arable land in Chihuahua. The state economy grew at a rapid pace during the Porfiriato; the economy in Chihuahua was dominated by agriculture and mining. The D\u00edaz administration helped Governor Luis Terrazas by funding the Municipal Public Library in Chihuahua City and passing a federal initiative for the construction of the railroad from Chihuahua City to Ciudad J\u00faarez. By 1881, the Central Mexican Railroad was completed which connected Mexico City to Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez. In 1883 telephone lines were installed throughout the state, allowing communication between Chihuahua City and Aldama. By 1888 the telephone services were extended from the capital to the cites of Julimes, Meoqui, and Hidalgo del Parral; the telecommunication network in the state covered an estimated 3,500 kilometers. The need of laborers to construct the extensive infrastructure projects resulted in a significant Asian immigration, mostly from China. Asian immigrants soon become integral to the state economy by opening restaurants, small grocery stores, and hotels. By the end of the Terrazas term, the state experienced an increase in commerce, mining, and banking. When the banks were nationalized, Chihuahua became the most important banking state in Mexico.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Arena Football League", "paragraph_text": "The AFL currently runs as under the single-entity model, with the league owning the rights to the teams, players, and coaches. The single-entity model was adopted in 2010 when the league emerged from bankruptcy. Prior to that, the league followed the franchise model more common in North American professional sports leagues; each team essentially operated as its own business and the league itself was a separate entity which in exchange for franchise fees paid by the team owners provided rules, officials, scheduling and the other elements of organizational structure. A pool of money is allotted to teams to aid in travel costs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Hipermercado G\u00e9ant", "paragraph_text": "It is located just outside the capital city Montevideo on the east, and over one of the most important access streets to Montevideo, Giannattasio Avenue, which connects Montevideo with the so call Ciudad de la Costa, the fastest growing area in Uruguay in the recent years. Although the surrounding is not very highly populated, it attracts buyers from both the east part of Montevideo and the Ciudad de la Costa due to being relatively close to both areas, being easily accessible by car and its low prices.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What administrative territorial entity is the owner of Ciudad Deportiva located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 701895, "question": "Ciudad Deportiva >> owned by", "answer": "Nuevo Laredo", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 752697, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Tamaulipas", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "Tamaulipas", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2574}
{"id": "2hop__259228_793698", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Richmond, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Other Fortune 500 companies, while not headquartered in the area, do have a major presence. These include SunTrust Bank (based in Atlanta), Capital One Financial Corporation (officially based in McLean, Virginia, but founded in Richmond with its operations center and most employees in the Richmond area), and the medical and pharmaceutical giant McKesson (based in San Francisco). Capital One and Altria company's Philip Morris USA are two of the largest private Richmond-area employers. DuPont maintains a production facility in South Richmond known as the Spruance Plant. UPS Freight, the less-than-truckload division of UPS and formerly known as Overnite Transportation, has its corporate headquarters in Richmond.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Cork (city)", "paragraph_text": "Cork City is at the heart of industry in the south of Ireland. Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region. The most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is Viagra. Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where over 3,000 staff are involved in manufacturing, R&D and customer support. Logitech and EMC Corporation are also important IT employers in the area. Three hospitals are also among the top ten employers in the city (see table below).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "New Haven, Connecticut", "paragraph_text": "New Haven's economy originally was based in manufacturing, but the postwar period brought rapid industrial decline; the entire Northeast was affected, and medium-sized cities with large working-class populations, like New Haven, were hit particularly hard. Simultaneously, the growth and expansion of Yale University further affected the economic shift. Today, over half (56%) of the city's economy is now made up of services, in particular education and health care; Yale is the city's largest employer, followed by Yale \u2013 New Haven Hospital. Other large employers include St. Raphael Hospital, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Southern Connecticut State University, Assa Abloy Manufacturing, the Knights of Columbus headquarters, Higher One, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Covidien and United Illuminating. Yale and Yale-New Haven are also among the largest employers in the state, and provide more $100,000+-salaried positions than any other employer in Connecticut.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sexual orientation", "paragraph_text": "One of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings and uranodionings. An urning can be further categorized by degree of effeminacy. These categories directly correspond with the categories of sexual orientation used today: heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual. In the series of pamphlets, Ulrichs outlined a set of questions to determine if a man was an urning. The definitions of each category of Ulrichs' classification scheme are as follows:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Alamnagar", "paragraph_text": "Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58\u00a0km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "HM Prison Tarrengower", "paragraph_text": "HM Prison Tarrengower is a women's prison located in Maldon, Victoria, Australia. It focuses on release preparation for the women, and provides them with programs and employment opportunities, also allowing them to build confidence and skill sets when it comes to gaining and maintaining employment both whilst in custody and also upon their release.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "John Deere World Headquarters", "paragraph_text": "The John Deere World Headquarters is a complex of four buildings located on 1,400 acres (5.7\u00a0km\u00b2) of land at One John Deere Place, Moline, Illinois, United States. The complex serves as corporate headquarters for John Deere.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Confederation of Finnish Industries", "paragraph_text": "The Confederation of Finnish Industries (EK, , ) is the largest employers' association in Finland. It was formed at the beginning of 2005 when the two employers' associations \"Palveluty\u00f6nantajat\" (Employers of the Service Sector) and \"Teollisuuden ja Ty\u00f6nantajain Keskusliitto\" (Union of Industries and Employers) merged. EK's member companies collectively contribute over 70% of Finland's GDP, and over 95% of Finland's exports. It has considerable negotiating power, since Finland has universal validity of collective labour agreements, and often a national income policy agreement is reached.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Full-time", "paragraph_text": "Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mathura", "paragraph_text": "Mathura Refinery located in the city is one of the biggest oil refineries of Asia with 8.0 MMTPA refining capacity. This oil refinery of the Indian Oil Corporation is a highly technologically advanced oil refinery and provides local employment opportunities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "General Electric", "paragraph_text": "GE is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut. Its main offices are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center in New York City, known now as the Comcast Building. It was formerly known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof; NBC's headquarters and main studios are also located in the building. Through its RCA subsidiary, it has been associated with the center since its construction in the 1930s. GE moved its corporate headquarters from the GE Building on Lexington Avenue to Fairfield in 1974.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Philae (spacecraft)", "paragraph_text": "The lander is named after the Philae obelisk, which bears a bilingual inscription and was used along with the Rosetta Stone to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs. \"Philae\" was monitored and operated from DLR's Lander Control Center in Cologne, Germany.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Schlage", "paragraph_text": "Schlage (pronounced ) is a lock manufacturer founded in 1920 by Walter Schlage. Schlage was headquartered in San Francisco from its inception until it relocated to Colorado Springs, Colorado in 1997. Schlage also produces high-security key and cylinder lines, Primus, Everest, and Everest Primus XP. Schlage is one of the most popular brands of consumer and commercial locks in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Mount Meigs Campus", "paragraph_text": "The Mount Meigs Campus is a juvenile corrections facility of the Alabama Department of Youth Services located in Mount Meigs, unincorporated Montgomery County; the campus serves as the agency's administrative headquarters. The campus, which can house 264 boys, is next to Interstate 85 North and about east of Downtown Montgomery. Since 2015, the separate J. Walter Wood Treatment facility for 24 girls is also located in the Mount Meigs Campus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Ulrich Walter", "paragraph_text": "After two post-doc positions at the Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois, and the University of California at Berkeley, California, he was selected in 1987 to join the German astronaut team. From 1988 to 1990, he completed basic training at the German Aerospace Center, and was then nominated to be in the prime crew for the second German Spacelab mission.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding became an important industry for the town. Henry V's famous warship HMS Grace Dieu was built in Southampton. Walter Taylor's 18th century mechanisation of the block-making process was a significant step in the Industrial Revolution. From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton, building and repairing ships used in the two World Wars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Peter Antonovich of Brunswick", "paragraph_text": "Peter Antonovich of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg (1745\u20131798), was the second son of Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick and Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia, and younger brother of Ivan VI.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Ulrich, 10th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau", "paragraph_text": "Ulrich, 10th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (; 15 August 189319 December 1938) was the titular pretender Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Ulrich Walser House", "paragraph_text": "The Ulrich Walser House is a house located at 711 North 2nd Street in Alma, Wisconsin, United States. It was constructed in 1895 by Ulrich Walser and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Ulrich Franzen", "paragraph_text": "Ulrich Joseph Franzen (January 15, 1921 \u2013 October 6, 2012) was a German-born American architect known for his \"fortresslike\" buildings and Brutalist style.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where is Ulrich Walter's employer headquartered?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 259228, "question": "Ulrich Walter >> employer", "answer": "German Aerospace Center", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 793698, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location", "answer": "Cologne", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}], "answer": "Cologne", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1853}
{"id": "2hop__481349_302087", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Market Square (High Point, North Carolina)", "paragraph_text": "Market Square is a furniture showroom complex in High Point, North Carolina, owned by International Market Centers which is the largest building in North Carolina on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and the sixth largest in the United States. Known also as Tomlinson Chair Manufacturing Company Complex, it was listed on the NRHP under that name. The former manufacturing complex includes the oldest factory building in the city, and its renovation has been credited with making High Point a successful furniture exhibition center. A 16-story addition in 1990 is one of the city's tallest buildings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Heidelberger RK", "paragraph_text": "The club is one of only two professional rugby clubs in Germany, the other being SC 1880 Frankfurt. The turn to professionalism in a sport otherwise fully amateur in Germany was made possible through the support of Hans-Peter Wild, who owns a soft drink manufacturing business.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Rosenlew", "paragraph_text": "Electrolux owns the brand in home appliances and uses it in Finland. Electrolux stopped the manufacturing of fridges in Pori, Finland, in 1998.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Tip Top Bakeries", "paragraph_text": "Tip Top Bakeries is an Australasian manufacturer of bread products owned by George Weston Foods, a subsidiary of multinational food giant Associated British Foods.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Commer", "paragraph_text": "Commer was a British manufacturer of commercial vehicles from 1905 until 1979. Commer vehicles included car-derived vans, light vans, medium to heavy commercial trucks, military vehicles and buses. The company also designed and built some of its own diesel engines for its heavy commercial vehicles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of Bombardier CRJ operators", "paragraph_text": "Produced by Bombardier Aerospace, aerospace division of the Canadian aerospace and defence company Bombardier Inc. the former CRJ100 and CRJ200 series are no longer in production but still in active airline service, while the more recent CRJ700, CRJ900 and CRJ1000 series are in production and in service.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List of Walmart brands", "paragraph_text": "Products offered through the Great Value brand are often claimed to be as good as national brand offerings, but are typically sold at a lower price because of lower marketing and advertising expense. As a house or store brand, the Great Value line does not consist of goods produced by Walmart, but is a labeling system for items manufactured and packaged by a number of agricultural and food corporations, such as ConAgra, Sara Lee which, in addition to releasing products under its own brands and exclusively for Walmart, also manufactures and brands foods for a variety of other chain stores. Often, this labeling system, to the dismay of consumers, does not list location of manufacture of the product. Wal - Mart contends that all Great Value products are produced in the United States. Otherwise, the country of origin would be listed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "IPod", "paragraph_text": "On June 11, 2006, the British tabloid The Mail on Sunday reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts. Apple investigated the case with independent auditors and found that, while some of the plant's labour practices met Apple's Code of Conduct, others did not: employees worked over 60 hours a week for 35% of the time, and worked more than six consecutive days for 25% of the time.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "EMD E6", "paragraph_text": "The EMD E6 was a , A1A-A1A, passenger train locomotive manufactured by Electro-Motive Corporation, and its corporate successor, General Motors Electro-Motive Division, of La Grange, Illinois. The cab version, E6A, was manufactured from November 1939 to September 1942; 91 were produced. The booster version, E6B, was manufactured from April 1940 to February 1942; 26 were produced. The was achieved by putting two , 12-cylinder, model 567 engines in the engine compartment. Each engine drove its own electrical generator to power the traction motors. The E6 was the seventh model in a long line of passenger diesels of similar design known as EMD E-units.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Piping Technology and Products", "paragraph_text": "Piping Technology and Products is a privately owned pipe support manufacturing and engineering company headquartered in Houston, Texas, United States. Its wholly owned subsidiaries are US Bellows, Sweco Fab, Fronek Anchor/Darling Enterprise, and Pipe Shields. These companies provide pipe supports, expansion joints, shock and vibration controls, and pre-insulated supports to a variety of industries including LNG, chemical, petrochemical, pulp & paper, and aerospace.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Learjet 60", "paragraph_text": "The Learjet 60 is a mid-size cabin, medium-range business jet aircraft manufactured by Bombardier Aerospace in Wichita, Kansas. Powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW305A engines, it has a range (with 4 passengers and 2 crew) of with NBAA reserves, ISA. In July 2012 Bombardier Aerospace announced a temporary \"production pause\" of the latest variant Learjet 60XR to begin in the fourth quarter of 2012.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Chevrolet Malibu", "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Malibu is a mid-size car manufactured and marketed by Chevrolet from 1964 to 1983 and since 1997. The Malibu began as a trim - level of the Chevrolet Chevelle, becoming its own model line in 1978. Originally a rear - wheel - drive intermediate, GM revived the Malibu nameplate as a front - wheel - drive car in 1997.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Datsun", "paragraph_text": "Datsun (, ) is an automobile brand owned by Nissan. Datsun's original production run began in 1931. From 1958 to 1986, only vehicles exported by Nissan were identified as Datsun. By 1986 Nissan had phased out the Datsun name, but re-launched it in June 2013 as the brand for low-cost vehicles manufactured for emerging markets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Plansee SE", "paragraph_text": "Plansee SE is a corporation which has its head office in Reutte, Austria, and is a fully owned division of the Plansee Group. This privately owned company manufactures products based on high-performance materials made from refractory metals such as molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, chromium and their alloys. Its products are used in the lighting, electronics, medical, coatings, energy transmission and distribution, system and furnace construction sectors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Aerojet", "paragraph_text": "Aerojet was an American rocket and missile propulsion manufacturer based primarily in Rancho Cordova, California, with divisions in Redmond, Washington, Orange and Gainesville in Virginia, and Camden, Arkansas. Aerojet was owned by GenCorp. In 2013, Aerojet was merged by GenCorp with the former Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne to form Aerojet Rocketdyne.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Wagner Manufacturing Company", "paragraph_text": "The Wagner Manufacturing Company was a family - owned manufacturer of cast iron and aluminum products based in Sidney, Ohio, US. It made products for domestic use such as frying pans, casseroles, kettles and baking trays, and also made metal products other than cookware. Wagner was active between 1891 and 1952, and at one time dominated the cookware market, selling in Europe and the US. The purchasers of the company in 1952 continued the brand, and Wagner products are still manufactured today. The original items are prized by collectors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "NEMA connector", "paragraph_text": "NEMA connectors are power plugs and receptacles used for AC mains electricity in North America and other countries that use the standards set by the US National Electrical Manufacturers Association. NEMA wiring devices are made in current ratings from 15 to 60 amperes (A), with voltage ratings from 125 to 600 volts (V). Different combinations of contact blade widths, shapes, orientation, and dimensions create non-interchangeable connectors that are unique for each combination of voltage, electric current carrying capacity, and grounding system.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "List of NASCAR Manufacturers' champions", "paragraph_text": "In the 60 seasons the Championship has been awarded, only nine different manufacturers have won it. Chevrolet has been the most successful, with 39 titles. The second most successful is Ford, with 15 titles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "David Copperfield (illusionist)", "paragraph_text": "Copperfield also played the character The Magician in the 1980s horror film Terror Train and had an uncredited appearance in the 1994 film Pr\u00eat - \u00e0 - Porter. Most of his media appearances have been through television specials and guest spots on television programs. His illusions have included the disappearance of a Learjet (1981), the vanishing and reappearance of the Statue of Liberty (1983), levitating over the Grand Canyon (1984), walking through the Great Wall of China (1986), escaping from Alcatraz prison (1987), the disappearance of an Orient Express dining car (1991) and flying on stage for several minutes (1992).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip", "paragraph_text": "The series takes place behind the scenes of a live sketch comedy show (also called \"Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip\" or \"Studio 60\") on the fictional television network NBS (National Broadcasting System), whose format is similar to that of NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\". National Broadcasting System is owned by the TMG Corporation. The show-within-a-show is run by executive producers Matt Albie (Matthew Perry) and Danny Tripp (Bradley Whitford). Matt serves as the head writer and Danny produces the show.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Which company owns the manufacturer of Learjet 60?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 481349, "question": "Learjet 60 >> manufacturer", "answer": "Bombardier Aerospace", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 302087, "question": "#1 >> owned by", "answer": "Bombardier Inc.", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Bombardier Inc.", "answer_aliases": ["Bombardier"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1779}
{"id": "2hop__697790_864352", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Fletcher Webster", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Fletcher Webster, commonly known as Fletcher Webster (July 25, 1813 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire \u2013 August 30, 1862) was the son of renowned politician Daniel Webster and Grace Fletcher Webster. He was educated at Harvard College. During his father's first term as Secretary of State, Fletcher served as Chief Clerk of the United States State Department which, at the time, was the second most powerful office in the State Department. As Chief Clerk, he delivered the news of President William Henry Harrison's death to the new President, John Tyler.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Barnett River", "paragraph_text": "The river rises below the Caroline Range near Mount Lacy and then flows south to the west of Mount Elizabeth then through the Barnett River gorge crossing the Gibb River Road near the Mount Barnett roadhouse before flowing into the Hann River in the Philip Range near Mount Caroline.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The FBI Story", "paragraph_text": "The FBI Story is a 1959 American drama film starring James Stewart, and produced and directed by Mervyn LeRoy. The screenplay by Richard L. Breen and John Twist is based on a book by Don Whitehead.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Daniel Bremer Juell", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Bremer Juell was born in Siljord in 1808 to district stipendiary magistrate (\"sorenskriver\") Ole Juell and his wife Caroline Kathrine n\u00e9e Bremer. He married Caroline Boeck, daughter of captain C\u00e6sar Boeck. They had three children.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sweet Caroline", "paragraph_text": "In a 2007 interview, Diamond stated the inspiration for his song was John F. Kennedy's daughter, Caroline, who was eleven years old at the time it was released. Diamond sang the song to her at her 50th birthday celebration in 2007. On December 21, 2011, in an interview on CBS's The Early Show, Diamond said that a magazine cover photo of Caroline Kennedy as a young child on a horse with her parents in the background created an image in his mind, and the rest of the song came together about five years after seeing the picture. However, in 2014 Diamond said the song was about his then - wife Marcia, but he needed a three - syllable name to fit the melody.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Margareta von Ascheberg", "paragraph_text": "Margareta von Ascheberg was the youngest child of Field Marshal Rutger von Ascheberg and Magdalena Eleonora Busseck. On 26 January 1691, she married colonel count Kjell Christopher Barnekow (d. 1700) in Malm\u00f6. As was the custom of the Swedish nobility as that time, she kept her name after marriage and style herself \u00bbGrevinnan Ascheberg\u00bb (Countess Ascheberg). The couple had four children. She accompanied her spouse on his military commissions: she gave birth to their youngest sons during the Bombardment of Brussels in 1695.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Leroy M. Zimmerman", "paragraph_text": "Leroy M. Zimmerman (December 27, 1932 \u2013 December 6, 2002), was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "George II of Great Britain", "paragraph_text": "George II Portrait by Thomas Hudson, 1744 King of Great Britain and Ireland Elector of Hanover (more...) Reign 11 / 22 June 1727 -- 25 October 1760 Coronation 11 / 22 October 1727 Predecessor George I Successor George III Prime Ministers See list (show) Robert Walpole Lord Wilmington Henry Pelham The Duke of Newcastle The Duke of Devonshire 30 October / 9 November 1683 Herrenhausen Palace, or Leine Palace, Hanover 25 October 1760 (1760 - 10 - 25) (aged 76) Kensington Palace, London Burial 11 November 1760 Westminster Abbey, London Spouse Caroline of Ansbach (m. 1705; d. 1737) Issue Detail Frederick, Prince of Wales Anne, Princess of Orange Princess Amelia Princess Caroline Prince George William William, Duke of Cumberland Mary, Landgravine of Hesse - Kassel Louisa, Queen of Denmark and Norway Full name George Augustus German: Georg August House Hanover Father George I of Great Britain Mother Sophia Dorothea of Celle Religion Protestant Signature", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Histoires Naturelles (album)", "paragraph_text": "Histoires Naturelles is Nolwenn Leroy's second album. It was released on 5 December 2005 in France. Most of the songs were written by the French singer Laurent Voulzy and Nolwenn Leroy herself. The title track was written in English by Yasmin Shah and Arnaud Rosenthal, and \"M\u00e9lusine\" by Yasmin Shah. \"London Fantasy\" was co-written by members of English down-tempo band Sundae Club. Leroy adapted all the English-language lyrics into French.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Leroy Township, Ingham County, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Leroy Township is a civil township of Ingham County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,653 at the 2000 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Caroline LeRoy", "paragraph_text": "Caroline LeRoy Webster (September 28, 1797 in New York City \u2013 February 26, 1882) was the second wife of 19th Century statesman Daniel Webster. Her father was Herman LeRoy, who was once head of the commercial house of Leroy, Bayard, McKiven & Co., a large trading company that operated in different parts of the world. Her father was also the first Holland Consul to the United States. Caroline's mother was Hannah Cornell, daughter of the last Royal Attorney General of the State of North Carolina. Caroline was a descendant of Thomas Cornell.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Lee Evans (producer)", "paragraph_text": "Lee Evans, also known as LeRoi Evans and LeRoy Evans, is an American record producer, recording engineer, songwriter, musician, entrepreneur, businessman and the CEO and co-owner of JAMBOX Entertainment. He currently resides in midtown Manhattan, New York.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Leroy A. Mendonca", "paragraph_text": "Leroy A. Mendonca was a soldier in the United States Army during the Korean War. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions on July 4, 1951.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Marshall Eriksen", "paragraph_text": "Marshall Eriksen How I Met Your Mother character Jason Segel in 2011 First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Jason Segel Information Gender Male Occupation Lawyer (2005 -- 2018), Judge (2018 --) Family Marvin Eriksen (father, deceased) Judy Eriksen (mother) Spouse (s) Lily Aldrin (2007 -- present) Children Marvin Waitforit Eriksen Daisy Eriksen Unnamed Third Child Nationality American", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu", "paragraph_text": "Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu (9 December 1843 in Saumur \u2013 9 December 1916 in Paris) was a French economist, brother of Henri Jean Baptiste Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, born at Saumur, Maine-et-Loire on 9 December 1843, and educated in Paris at the Lyc\u00e9e Bonaparte and the \u00c9cole de Droit. He afterwards studied at Bonn and Berlin, and on his return to Paris began to write for \"Le Temps\", \"Revue nationale\" and \"Revue contemporaine\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "The Memory Keeper's Daughter", "paragraph_text": "In early March of 1964, Dr. David Henry is forced to deliver his wife Norah's twins with the help of a nurse, Caroline Gill. Their first child, a boy they name Paul, is born a healthy perfect child, but when the second baby is born, Phoebe, David notices she has Down syndrome. David, recalling the possibility of a heart defect and early death (which his younger sister June had had; dying at the young age of twelve) and decides that the baby girl will be placed in an institution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Princess St\u00e9phanie of Monaco", "paragraph_text": "Princess St\u00e9phanie of Monaco, Countess of Polignac (St\u00e9phanie Marie Elisabeth Grimaldi; born 1 February 1965) is the youngest child of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and the American actress Grace Kelly. She is the younger sister of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Caroline, Princess of Hanover. Currently 14th in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne, she has been a singer, swimwear designer and fashion model.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Elmer, the Great", "paragraph_text": "Elmer, the Great is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy, starring Joe E. Brown and Patricia Ellis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Leroy (name)", "paragraph_text": "Leroy (/ l\u0259\u02c8r\u0254\u026a / l\u0259 - ROY), also Leeroy, LeeRoy, Lee Roy, LeRoy or Le Roy, is both a male given name in English - speaking countries and a family name of French origin. Leroy (l\u00f8rwa) is one of the most common surnames in northern France. As a surname it is sometimes written Le Roy, as a translation of Breton Ar Roue. It is an archaic spelling of le roi, meaning ``the king ''and is the equivalent of the English surname King.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Choptank River", "paragraph_text": "The Choptank River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay and the largest river on the Delmarva Peninsula. Running for , it rises in Kent County, Delaware, runs through Caroline County, Maryland and forms much of the border between Talbot County, Maryland on the north, and Caroline County and Dorchester County on the east and south. It is located north of the Nanticoke River and its mouth is located south of Eastern Bay. Cambridge, the county seat of Dorchester County, and Denton, the county seat of Caroline County, are located on its south shore.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the child of Caroline LeRoy's spouse?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 697790, "question": "Caroline LeRoy >> spouse", "answer": "Daniel Webster", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 864352, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Fletcher Webster", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}], "answer": "Fletcher Webster", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1862}
{"id": "2hop__207476_625987", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Snow White and the Huntsman", "paragraph_text": "Kristen Stewart as Snow White Raffey Cassidy as young Snow White Chris Hemsworth as Eric the Huntsman Charlize Theron as Queen Ravenna, Snow White's evil stepmother Izzy Meikle - Small as young Ravenna Sam Claflin as William, son of Duke Hammond Xavier Atkins as young William Sam Spruell as Finn, Ravenna's brother and enforcer Elliot Reeve as young Finn Vincent Regan as Duke Hammond, William's father Lily Cole as Greta, a young girl who befriends Snow White Noah Huntley as King Magnus, Snow White's father Liberty Ross as Queen Eleanor, Snow White's mother Chris Obi as the voice of Mirror Man, the physical form of the Magic Mirror Rachael Stirling as Anna Hattie Gotobed as Lily Greg Hicks as Black Knight General Peter Ferdinando as Black Knight Anastasia Hille as Ravenna's Mother", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Infante Henrique, Duke of Coimbra", "paragraph_text": "D. Infante Henrique, Duke of Coimbra (6 November 1949 \u2013 14 February 2017) was an Infante of Portugal and a member of the former Portuguese Royal Family as the youngest son of Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza, and Princess Maria Francisca of Orl\u00e9ans-Braganza. Infante Henrique was fifth in the line of succession to the former Portuguese throne at the time of his death. His elder brother, Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, is head of the House of Braganza, which ruled Portugal until 1910.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Edward VIII", "paragraph_text": "Edward was born on 23 June 1894 at White Lodge, Richmond Park, on the outskirts of London during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria. He was the eldest son of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George V and Queen Mary). His father was the son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra). His mother was the eldest daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Teck (Francis and Mary Adelaide). At the time of his birth, he was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind his grandfather and father.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Emmanuelle Boidron", "paragraph_text": "Emmanuelle Boidron (born 4 August 1978, in Orl\u00e9ans, Loiret, France), is a French actress. Her most important appearance is in the Navarro TV series as Yolande Navarro.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Marilou Berry", "paragraph_text": "Marilou Berry is the daughter of filmmaker Josiane Balasko (n\u00e9e Bala\u0161kovi\u0107) and sculptor Philippe Berry (n\u00e9 Benguigui), and the niece of actor Richard Berry. Her mother is of Croatian descent, whereas her father is of Maghrebi Jewish descent. Uninterested in school studies, she left high school and enrolled at the Conservatoire de Paris.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck", "paragraph_text": "August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (11 November 1612 \u2013 6 May 1675) was a Danish-German prince and member of the House of Oldenburg. After acquiring the estate of Beck in Westfalen in 1646, he took the title of Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Marie Anne de Bourbon", "paragraph_text": "Marie Anne de Bourbon, \"L\u00e9gitim\u00e9e de France\" (2 October 1666 \u2013 3 May 1739) was the eldest legitimised daughter (\"fille l\u00e9gitim\u00e9e de France\") of King Louis XIV of France and his mistress Louise de La Valli\u00e8re. At the age of thirteen, she was married to Louis Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti and as such was the Princess of Conti by marriage. Her father's favourite daughter, Marie Anne was widowed in 1685 aged 19. She never married again and had no children. Following her mother's retirement to a convent, Marie Anne continued to reside at her father's court and was later her mother's heiress. She later became the Duchess of La Valli\u00e8re in her own right.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Constance of Burgundy", "paragraph_text": "Constance of Burgundy (8 May 1046 \u2013 1093) was the daughter of Duke Robert I of Burgundy and Helie de Semur-en-Brionnais. She was Queen consort of Castile and Le\u00f3n by her marriage to Alfonso VI of Le\u00f3n and Castile. She was the granddaughter of King Robert II of France, the second monarch of the French Capetian dynasty. She was the mother of Urraca of Le\u00f3n, who succeeded her father in both Castile and Le\u00f3n.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Philippe I, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans", "paragraph_text": "Philippe, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans (21 September 1640\u00a0\u2013 9 June 1701) was the younger son of Louis XIII of France and his wife, Anne of Austria. His older brother was the famous \"Sun King\", Louis XIV. Styled Duke of Anjou from birth, Philippe became Duke of Orl\u00e9ans upon the death of his uncle Gaston in 1660. In 1661, Philippe also received the dukedoms of Valois and Chartres. Following Philippe's victory in battle in 1671, Louis XIV added the dukedom of Nemours, the marquisates of Coucy and Folembray, and the countships of Dourdan and Romorantin. During the reign of his brother he was known simply as \"Monsieur\", the traditional style at the court of France for the younger brother of the king.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Childebrand I", "paragraph_text": "Childebrand I (678, Heristal - 751) was a Frankish duke (\"dux\"), son of Pepin of Heristal and Alpaida, brother of Charles Martel. He married Emma of Austrasia and was given Burgundy by his father. He distinguished himself in the expulsion of the Saracens from France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Vincent Voiture", "paragraph_text": "Vincent Voiture (24 February 1597 \u2013 26 May 1648), French poet and writer of prose, was the son of a rich wine merchant of Amiens. He was introduced by a schoolfellow, the count Claude d'Avaux, to Gaston, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans, and accompanied him to Brussels and Lorraine on diplomatic missions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois d'Orl\u00e9ans, Prince of Joinville", "paragraph_text": "Fran\u00e7ois-Ferdinand-Philippe-Louis-Marie d'Orl\u00e9ans, prince de Joinville (14 August 1818 \u2013 16 June 1900) was the third son of Louis Philippe, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans, afterwards king of the French and his wife Marie Amalie of Bourbon-Sicilies. He was an admiral of the French Navy, and a talented artist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Jean-Michel Oughourlian", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Michel Oughourlian was born on 20 August 1940 in Beirut, Lebanon, to an Armenian father who fled the 1915-1922 genocide and a Colombian mother. He arrived in France at the age of ten.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Mercedes of Orl\u00e9ans", "paragraph_text": "Maria de las Mercedes of Orl\u00e9ans (24 June 1860 \u2013 26 June 1878) was Queen of Spain as the first wife of King Alfonso XII. She was born in Madrid, the daughter of Antoine of Orl\u00e9ans, Duke of Montpensier, and of Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Leonora Dori", "paragraph_text": "Leonora Dori Galiga\u00ef (19 May 1568 \u2013 8 July 1617) was a French courtier of Italian origin, an influential favourite of the French regent Marie de' Medici, mother of King Louis XIII of France. Galiga\u00ef was married to Concino Concini, the later marquis and then marshal d'Ancre, during Marie's reign as Queen Mother and Regent of France.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "1979\u201380 Coupe de France", "paragraph_text": "The 1979\u201380 Coupe de France was the 63rd Coupe de France, France's annual national football cup competition. It was won by AS Monaco, who defeated US Orl\u00e9ans in the final.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Louis Philippe I", "paragraph_text": "Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 \u2013 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848. His father Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans had taken the name \"Philippe \u00c9galit\u00e9\" because he initially supported the French Revolution. However, following the deposition and execution of his cousin King Louis XVI, Louis Philippe fled the country. His father denounced his actions and voted for his death, but was imprisoned and executed that same year. Louis Philippe spent the next 21 years in exile before returning during the Bourbon Restoration. He was proclaimed king in 1830 after his cousin Charles X was forced to abdicate by the July Revolution. The reign of Louis Philippe is known as the July Monarchy and was dominated by wealthy industrialists and bankers. He followed conservative policies, especially under the influence of French statesman Fran\u00e7ois Guizot during the period 1840\u201348. He also promoted friendship with Britain and sponsored colonial expansion, notably the French conquest of Algeria. His popularity faded as economic conditions in France deteriorated in 1847, and he was forced to abdicate after the outbreak of the French Revolution of 1848. He lived out his life in exile in the United Kingdom. His supporters were known as Orl\u00e9anists, as opposed to Legitimists who supported the main line of the House of Bourbon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Louise \u00c9lisabeth d'Orl\u00e9ans", "paragraph_text": "Louise \u00c9lisabeth d'Orl\u00e9ans was one of the seven daughters of Philippe II, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans, and his wife, Fran\u00e7oise Marie de Bourbon. Her mother was a legitimised daughter of Louis XIV of France and his mistress, Madame de Montespan. She was known as \u00c9lisabeth. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, \u00c9lisabeth was a \"princesse du sang\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Jean-Christophe Mitterrand", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Christophe Mitterrand was freed three weeks later, on 11 January 2001, after his mother, Danielle Mitterrand, managed to post a bail 5 million francs (\u20ac762,000). However, he was indicted again on July 4, 2001, on charges of \"complicity of arms traffic\" by the magistrates Philippe Courroye and Isabelle Pr\u00e9vost-Desprez, following a complaint filed in January 2001 by the Socialist Minister of Defence Alain Richard.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Lionel Medeiros", "paragraph_text": "Lionel Jesus Gon\u00e7alves Medeiros (born 14 April 1977 in Orl\u00e9ans, France) is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a central defender.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the grandmother of Philippe, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 207476, "question": "Philippe, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans >> father", "answer": "Louis XIII", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 625987, "question": "#1 of France >> mother", "answer": "Marie de' Medici", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "Marie de' Medici", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2095}
{"id": "2hop__390947_232243", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mart Stam", "paragraph_text": "His style of design has been classified as New Objectivity, an art movement formed during the depression in 1920's Germany, as a counter-movement and an out growth of Expressionism.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Karl Moor (Swiss banker)", "paragraph_text": "Karl Moor (11 December 1852 in Fribourg \u2013 14 June 1932 in Berlin) was a Swiss communist, and a channel for German financing of the 19th-century European Bolshevik movement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ivo Viskovi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "He was a member of the Civic Alliance of Serbia (1990-1996) and of Social Democratic Union from its foundation in 1996 until the beginning of his diplomatic career in 2001, and has been member of the European Movement in Serbia and its Forum on International Relations (he was Forum's chairman from 2006 to 2008)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Daniel Marsin", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Marsin (born November 13, 1951 in Pointe-\u00e0-Pitre, Guadeloupe) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the island of Guadeloupe. He is locally a member of \"Guadeloupe unie, socialisme et r\u00e9alit\u00e9s\", and at the national level of the Modern Left, a satellite organisation of Nicolas Sarkozy' Union for a Popular Movement. He is a member of the parliamentary group European Democratic and Social Rally in the French Senate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bernd H\u00fcttemann", "paragraph_text": "Bernd H\u00fcttemann (born December 8, 1970 in Paderborn) is Vice President of the European Movement International and Secretary General of the European Movement Germany.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ignazio Corrao", "paragraph_text": "Ignazio Corrao (born 14 January 1984) is an Italian politician for the Five Star Movement and he is a member of the European Parliament since 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Michel Guerry", "paragraph_text": "Michel Guerry (born 2 December 1932) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Szlachta", "paragraph_text": "About that time the \"executionist movement\" (Polish: \"egzekucja praw\"--\"execution of the laws\") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrk\u00f3w they would force the magnates to return many leased crown lands to the king, and the king to create a standing army (wojsko kwarciane). One of the most famous members of this movement was Jan Zamoyski. After his death in 1605, the movement lost its political force.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jean-Marie Cavada", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Marie Cavada (born 24 February 1940 in \u00c9pinal, Vosges) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for Ile de France from 2004 until 2019. Since 3 December 2011 he is president of the European Movement France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Joan Llimona", "paragraph_text": "Joan Llimona i Bruguera (1860-1926) was a Spanish artist who rose to popularity at end of the Romantic movement in Europe, Llimona was a key contributor to the modernist movement Llimona was born in Barcelona in 1860 and died in 1926 in his hometown of Barcelona. Despite his brief life, Llimona made a lasting impact on the modernist movement in European art during the early 20th century. Deeply influenced by religion, many of Llimona's works deal with religious scenes and beliefs and subsequently communicate often controversial religious messages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Constitutional Movement", "paragraph_text": "The Constitutional Movement was a right wing political group in the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1979 by Andrew Fountaine as the National Front Constitutional Movement, a splinter group from the National Front. Offering a more moderate alternative to the NF, the Constitutional Movement claimed to have 2000 members by 1980.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Christophe B\u00e9chu", "paragraph_text": "Christophe B\u00e9chu (born 11 June 1974 in Angers, Maine-et-Loire) is a French politician, President of the General Council of the Maine-et-Loire department since 2004 and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) elected in the 2009 European election to 2011 for the West France constituency. A former member of DL, he was a member of the leading centre-right Union for a Popular Movement, later The Republicans, until leaving the party in early December 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Alain Milon", "paragraph_text": "Alain Milon (born 16 September 1947) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Vaucluse department. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Antonia Parvanova", "paragraph_text": "Antonyia Parvanova (; born 26 April 1962 in Dobrich) is a Bulgarian politician and Member of the European Parliament. She is a member of the National Movement Simeon II, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and became an MEP on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Roselyne Bachelot", "paragraph_text": "Roselyne Bachelot-Narquin, generally known as Roselyne Bachelot (born 24 December 1946 in Nevers, Ni\u00e8vre), is a French politician, former Minister of Solidarity and Social Cohesion, and a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, which is part of the European People's Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Yosyf Zisels", "paragraph_text": "He was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki group (UHG), involved in the samizdat movement, human rights activist, prominent activist in the Jewish movement in Ukraine, and a political prisoner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Klaus Mehnert", "paragraph_text": "Klaus Mehnert (October 10, 1906, Moscow, Russia \u2013 January 2, 1984, Freudenstadt, Germany) was a globetrotting German political scientist and a journalist. As a scholar, he was a prolific author; as a journalist, he practiced in the USSR as a correspondent, in China as a publisher, and in Germany. He was a professor at two American universities before World War II. In the late 1970s he authored several books on recent youth led political movements (youth movements) in various Western countries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "European Movement International", "paragraph_text": "The European Movement International is a lobbying association that coordinates the efforts of associations and national councils with the goal of promoting European integration, and disseminating information about it.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Franck Proust", "paragraph_text": "Franck Proust (born 2 May 1963, in Poitiers) is a French politician of the Union for a Popular Movement and member of the European Parliament since 2011, first vice-chair of the French EPP Group delegation in the European Parliament. He is first deputy mayor of N\u00eemes. Being originally an entrepreneur, he is also an insurance agent in N\u00eemes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Pillet", "paragraph_text": "Fran\u00e7ois Pillet (born 13 May 1950) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Cher department. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the goal of the group that European Movement Germany is a member of?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 390947, "question": "European Movement Germany >> member of", "answer": "European Movement International", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 232243, "question": "#1 >> movement", "answer": "European integration", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "European integration", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1321}
{"id": "2hop__354635_174222", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Highway 1 (Afghanistan)", "paragraph_text": "National Highway 01 or NH01, formally called the Ring Road (; ), is an ancient two-lane road network circulating inside Afghanistan, connecting the following major cities (clockwise): Kabul, Maidan Shar, Ghazni, Kandahar, Delaram, Herat, Maymana, Sheberghan, Mazari Sharif, and Puli Khumri. Originally built and renovated by the Mauryan Empire, it was a part of the Grand Trunk Road project and well documented by Greek and Buddhist sources in the 4th century BCE. It was renovated many times, by Sher Shah Suri, Mughal Empire and the British Empire. It has extensions that also connect Jalalabad, Bamyan, Khost, Lashkargah, Zaranj (Route 606), Farah, Islam Qala, Torghundi, and Kunduz. It is part of AH1, the longest route of the Asian Highway Network. National Highway 01 is broken up into four major sections, NH0101-0104, linking the major economic centers of Afghanistan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late nineteenth century. The empire allied with Germany in the early 20th century, with the imperial ambition of recovering its lost territories, joining in World War I to achieve this ambition on the side of Germany and the Central Powers. While the Empire was able to largely hold its own during the conflict, it was struggling with internal dissent, especially with the Arab Revolt in its Arabian holdings. Starting before the war, but growing increasingly common and violent during it, major atrocities were committed by the Ottoman government against the Armenians, Assyrians and Pontic Greeks. The Empire's defeat and the occupation of part of its territory by the Allied Powers in the aftermath of World War I resulted in the emergence of a new state, Turkey, in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland following the Turkish War of Independence, as well as the founding of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Empire Sports Network", "paragraph_text": "Empire Sports Network was an American regional sports network that was owned by the Adelphia Communications Corporation. The network was available on cable providers in much of upstate New York (stretching from Buffalo to Albany), as well as parts of northern Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio. The network ceased operations on March 7, 2005, in the midst of Adelphia's financial collapse and bankruptcy.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Swimming at the Commonwealth Games", "paragraph_text": "Swimming is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the inaugural edition of the event's precursor, the 1930 British Empire Games. It is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games. Synchronised swimming and Diving events are optional. Water polo is a recognised (i.e. not yet optional) sport.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Andrea Kremer", "paragraph_text": "Andrea Kremer (born February 25, 1959 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a multi-Emmy Award Winning American television sports journalist. She currently calls \"Thursday Night Football\" games for Amazon Prime Video making sports history, along with Hannah Storm, by becoming the first all-women booth to call any major men's team sport, not just football.. Kremer is also Chief Correspondent for the NFL Network and previously led the network's coverage and in-depth reporting on health and safety. Her other current roles include correspondent for HBO's \"Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel\" as well as co-host of \"We Need To Talk\", the first ever all-female nationally televised weekly sports show on CBS. Until the 2011 season, she worked as a sideline reporter for NBC on the network's coverage of \"Sunday Night Football\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Comcast Sports Southwest", "paragraph_text": "Comcast Sports Southwest (CSS) was an American regional sports network that served Greater Houston, Texas. It was owned by the NBC Sports Group unit of NBCUniversal. The channel was launched on September 1, 2009 and had a similar format to Comcast/Charter Sports Southeast, which launched ten years earlier. Both networks shared the same logo and focused primarily on collegiate and high school sports.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nova Sports", "paragraph_text": "Nova Sports is a premium Sports service in Greece and is owned by Forthnet Group, a subsidiary of Greek Telecommunications company Forthnet. It launched in 1994 as \"Supersport\" and at the time was the first ever premium sports service in Greece. It is available exclusively on Nova, a DTH satellite service. Nova Sports is available terrestrially and via satellite only on Nova.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "NBCSN", "paragraph_text": "NBCSN Launched July 1, 1995; 22 years ago (July 1, 1995) Owned by NBC Sports Group Picture format 1080i (HDTV) Downconverted to letterboxed 480i for SDTV feed Slogan Believe Country United States Language English Broadcast area Nationwide Headquarters Stamford, Connecticut Formerly called Outdoor Life Network (1995 -- 2006) Versus (2006 -- 11) NBC Sports Network (2012 -- 13) Sister channel (s) NBC Golf Channel NBC Sports Regional Networks Olympic Channel Website NBC Sports Availability Satellite Dish Network 159 DirecTV 220 1220 (On Demand) Cable Available on most cable systems check local listings IPTV AT&T U-verse 1640 640 (SD) Google Fiber NBCSN Verizon Fios 590 90 (SD) Streaming media DirecTV Now Internet Protocol television fuboTV Internet Protocol television Hulu Live TV Internet Protocol television PlayStation Vue Internet Protocol television Sling TV Internet Protocol television YouTube TV Internet Protocol television", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Fox Sports 1", "paragraph_text": "Fox Sports 1 Launched August 17, 2013 (2013 - 08 - 17) Network Fox Sports Owned by Fox Entertainment Group (21st Century Fox) Picture format 720p (HDTV) (HD feed downgraded to letterboxed 480i for SD feed) Slogan The 1 Country United States Language English Broadcast area United States Puerto Rico Caribbean Headquarters Los Angeles, California Replaced Speed (2005 -- 2013) Sister channel (s) Fox Sports 2 Fox Soccer Plus Fox Deportes Fox Sports Networks Fox College Sports Big Ten Network Fox Sports Website www.foxsports.com/watch/fs1 www.foxsports.com Availability Satellite DirecTV Channel 219 (HD / SD) Dish Network Channel 150 (HD / SD) Cable Available on most U.S. cable systems Consult your local cable provider for channel availability IPTV AT&T U-verse Channel 1652 (HD) Channel 652 (SD) Verizon FiOS Channel 583 (HD) Channel 83 (SD) Google Fiber Channel 208 (HD) Streaming media Fox Sports Go Watch live (U.S. cable internet subscribers only; requires login to stream content) PlayStation Vue Internet Protocol television Sling TV Internet Protocol television DirecTV Now Internet Protocol television FuboTV Internet Protocol television", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "History of rock climbing", "paragraph_text": "Although the practice of rock climbing was an important component of Victorian mountaineering in the Alps, it is generally thought that the sport of rock climbing began in the last quarter of the 19th century in at least three areas: Elbe Sandstone Mountains in Saxony near Dresden, the north of England including the Peak district and Lake District, and the Dolomites in Italy. Rock climbing evolved gradually from an alpine necessity to an athletic sport in its own right, making it imprudent to cite a primogenitor of the latter in each of these three locales. Nevertheless, there is some general agreement on the following:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "WFAN-FM", "paragraph_text": "WFAN-FM (101.9 MHz), also known as \"Sports Radio 66 and 101.9 FM\" or \"The Fan\", is a commercial FM sports radio station licensed to New York City. The station is owned and operated by Entercom, and is simulcast with WFAN (660 AM). WFAN-FM's studios are located in the combined Entercom facility in the Hudson Square neighborhood of Manhattan and its transmitter is located at the Empire State Building.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Fox Sports West and Prime Ticket", "paragraph_text": "Fox Sports West and Prime Ticket are American regional sports networks owned by The Walt Disney Company, and operate as Fox Sports Networks affiliates. The channels broadcast regional coverage of professional and collegiate sports events in California, focusing primarily on professional sports teams based in the Greater Los Angeles area. Fox Sports West and Prime Ticket maintain general offices and studios based at the Staples Center in Downtown Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "WZEI", "paragraph_text": "WZEI (101.5 FM) is an American licensed radio station with studios located in Bow, New Hampshire. The station is owned by Dirk Nadon, through licensee Lakes Media, LLC. WZEI is licensed to serve the community of Meredith, New Hampshire, and has coverage of central New Hampshire, particularly the Lakes Region area. WZEI is an affiliate of the WEEI Sports Radio Network, based in WEEI-FM in Boston.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Tennis on CBS", "paragraph_text": "Tennis on CBS is the branding used for broadcasts of professional tennis tournaments that were produced by CBS Sports, the sports division of the CBS television network in the United States. At the time the network's broadcast agreements with the United States Tennis Association (USTA) ended in 2014, CBS held the broadcast rights to the U.S. Open, the U.S. Open Series and the Sony Ericsson Open. From 1980 to 1982, CBS also televised the French Open (sandwiched in-between stints at NBC).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Premier League", "paragraph_text": "The Premier League is particularly popular in Asia, where it is the most widely distributed sports programme. In Australia, Fox Sports broadcasts almost all of the season's 380 matches live, and Foxtel gives subscribers the option of selecting which Saturday 3pm match to watch. In India, the matches are broadcast live on STAR Sports. In China, the broadcast rights were awarded to Super Sports in a six-year agreement that began in the 2013\u201314 season. As of the 2013\u201314 season, Canadian broadcast rights to the Premier League are jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN, with both rival networks holding rights to 190 matches per season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "EA Sports", "paragraph_text": "EA Sports is a division and brand of Electronic Arts that creates and develops sports video games. Formerly a marketing gimmick of Electronic Arts, in which they tried to imitate real - life sports networks by calling themselves the ``EA Sports Network ''(EASN) with pictures or endorsements with real commentators such as John Madden, it soon grew up to become a sub-label on its own, releasing game series such as NBA Live, FIFA, NHL, Madden NFL, and NASCAR. The best selling EA Sports series is the FIFA series with over 100 million units sold.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Windjammer Communications", "paragraph_text": "Windjammer Cable is a small cable company formed by the sale of 25 systems that served 80,000 customers in rural areas that Time Warner Cable acquired from the bankrupt Adelphia. Windjammer was created specifically for this deal and consisted of Boston private-equity concern MAST Capital Management and Jupiter, Fla.-based small cable operator Communications Construction Services (CCS).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Sport in Ecuador", "paragraph_text": "Sports in Ecuador influence the culture and its people. Futbol the most popular sport, followed by baseball, volleyball, basketball, and tennis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Fox Sports 1", "paragraph_text": "Fox Sports 1 Launched August 17, 2013 (2013 - 08 - 17) Network Fox Sports Owned by Fox Entertainment Group (21st Century Fox) Picture format 720p (HDTV) (HD feed downgraded to letterboxed 480i for SD feed) Slogan The 1 Country United States Language English Broadcast area United States Puerto Rico Caribbean Headquarters Los Angeles, California Replaced Speed (2005 -- 2013) Sister channel (s) Fox Sports 2 Fox Soccer Plus Fox Deportes Fox Sports Networks Fox College Sports Big Ten Network Fox Sports Website www.foxsports.com/watch/fs1 www.foxsports.com Availability Satellite DirecTV Channel 219 (HD / SD) Dish Network Channel 150 (HD / SD) Cable Available on most U.S. cable systems Consult your local cable provider for channel availability IPTV AT&T U-verse Channel 1652 (HD) Channel 652 (SD) Verizon FiOS Channel 583 (HD) Channel 83 (SD) Google Fiber Channel 208 (HD) Streaming media Fox Sports Go Watch live (U.S. cable internet subscribers only; requires login to stream content) DirecTV Now Internet Protocol television fuboTV Internet Protocol television Hulu Live TV Internet Protocol television PlayStation Vue Internet Protocol television Sling TV Internet Protocol television YouTube TV Internet Protocol television", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Hockey Night in Canada", "paragraph_text": "The \"Hockey Night in Canada\" brand is owned by the CBC and was exclusively used by CBC Sports through the end of the 2013\u201314 NHL season. Beginning in the 2014\u201315 NHL season, the brand is being licensed to Rogers Communications for Sportsnet-produced Saturday NHL broadcasts airing on CBC Television as well as the Rogers-owned City and Sportsnet networks. Rogers had secured exclusive national multimedia rights to NHL games beginning in 2014\u201315, and sublicensed Saturday night and playoff games to CBC. This sub-license agreement has been extended through the end of the Rogers deal with the NHL.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What company succeeded the owner of Empire Sports Network?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 354635, "question": "Empire Sports Network >> owned by", "answer": "Adelphia Communications Corporation", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 174222, "question": "#1 >> followed by", "answer": "Time Warner Cable", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Time Warner Cable", "answer_aliases": ["Time Warner"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2630}
{"id": "2hop__635187_861533", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Niassa Reserve", "paragraph_text": "Niassa Reserve is a nature reserve in Cabo Delgado Province and Niassa Province, Mozambique. Covering over , it is the largest protected area in the country. The reserve is part of the Trans-Frontier Conservation Area and links to the Tanzanian Lukwika-Lumesule Game Reserve. It will connect to the Lake Niassa Reserve when it is completed.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Michurinsky District", "paragraph_text": "Michurinsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tambov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The district borders with Pervomaysky District in the north, Nikiforovsky District in the east, Petrovsky District in the south, and with Dobrovsky District of Lipetsk Oblast in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Michurinsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 34,245 (2010 Census);", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Shmidtovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Shmidtovsky District () was an administrative district (raion) of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, which existed in 1973\u20132011. As a municipal division, it was, together with Iultinsky Administrative District, incorporated as Iultinsky Municipal District. It was located in the far north of the autonomous okrug and bordered with Iultinsky District in the east, Anadyrsky District in the south, and with Chaunsky District in the west. The area of the district was . Its administrative center was the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Mys Shmidta. Population: The population of Mys Shmidta accounted for 33.5% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Swan Miara", "paragraph_text": "Swan Miara is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district where it borders Abbottabad District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nyuksensky District", "paragraph_text": "Nyuksensky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Velikoustyugsky District in the east, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District in the southeast, Babushkinsky District in the south, Totemsky District in the southwest, and with Tarnogsky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Nyuksenitsa. District's population: 11,714 (2002 Census); The population of Nyuksenitsa accounts for 43.7% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Kazachinsky District", "paragraph_text": "Kazachinsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the krai and borders with Yeniseysky and Motyginsky Districts in the north, Taseyevsky District in the east, Bolshemurtinsky District in the south, and with Pirovsky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Kazachinskoye. Population: The population of Kazachinskoye accounts for 33.8% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dnovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Dnovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Soletsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the northeast, Volotovsky District, also of Novgorod Oblast, in the east, Dedovichsky District in the south, and with Porkhovsky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Dno. Population: 16,048 (2002 Census); The population of Dno accounts for 67.9% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Krasnovishersky District", "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Novolaksky District", "paragraph_text": "Novolaksky District (; Lak: ; , \"Aux Kho\u015ft\") is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Khasavyurtovsky District in the northeast, Kazbekovsky District in the southeast, and with the Chechen Republic in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Novolakskoye. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was\u00a028,556, with the population of Novolakskoye accounting for 20.8% of that number.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Lago Verde (Queyras)", "paragraph_text": "Lago Verde (Italian for \"green lake\") is a lake which is located in Italy, close to the French border and the Queyras valley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Gmina W\u0142odawa", "paragraph_text": "Gmina W\u0142odawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in W\u0142odawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of W\u0142odawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Chaunsky District", "paragraph_text": "Chaunsky District (; Chukchi: ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the six in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located on the northern shore of the autonomous okrug and borders with Iultinsky District in the northeast, Anadyrsky District in the southeast, and with Bilibinsky District in the south and west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Pevek. Population: The population of Pevek accounts for 80.8% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Tuymazinsky District", "paragraph_text": "Tuymazinsky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Sharansky District in the north, Buzdyaksky District in the east, Belebeyevsky District in the southeast and south, Yermekeyevsky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Tuymazy (which is administratively separate from the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was\u00a064,389.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Shumerlinsky District", "paragraph_text": "Shumerlinsky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Alikovsky and Krasnochetaysky Districts in the north, Vurnarsky District in the east, Ibresinsky and Poretsky Districts in the south, and with Nizhny Novgorod Oblast on the Sura River in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Shumerlya (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 13,298 (2002 Census);", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Gallaratese", "paragraph_text": "Gallaratese is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy, part of the Zone 8 administrative division of the city. It is located about 7\u00a0km north-west of the city centre. It borders on the \"comune\" of Pero to the north and on the districts of Trenno to the west and Lampugnano to the south; to the east, its ideal border is the eponymous street, which in turn is named after Gallarate, the town it leads to.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Lago District", "paragraph_text": "Lago District is a district of Niassa Province in north-western Mozambique. The principal town is Metangula. Lago District is bordered to the west by Lake Nyasa, on the south by Lichinga, on the east by Sanga District. Lago shares its northern boundary with Tanzania.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Cherdynsky District", "paragraph_text": "Cherdynsky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Cherdynsky Municipal District. It is located in the north and northeast of the krai and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Krasnovishersky District in the east, Solikamsky District in the south, Kosinsky District in the southwest, and with Gaynsky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Cherdyn. Population: The population of Cherdyn accounts for 20.0% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Akshinsky District", "paragraph_text": "Akshinsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-one in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the south of the krai and borders with Ononsky, Ulyotovsky, and Kyrinsky Districts of Zabaykalsky Krai, as well as with Mongolia. The area of the district is . Administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Aksha. Population: 12,080 (2002 Census); The population of Aksha accounts for 36.9% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What province shares a border with the province where Lago District is located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 635187, "question": "Lago District >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Niassa Province", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}, {"id": 861533, "question": "#1 >> shares border with", "answer": "Cabo Delgado Province", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}], "answer": "Cabo Delgado Province", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2321}
{"id": "2hop__166824_185403", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Stadio Giuseppe Grezar", "paragraph_text": "Stadio Giuseppe Grezar was a multi-use stadium in Trieste, Italy. It was inaugurated in 1932 as the Stadio Littorio and was initially used as the stadium of U.S. Triestina Calcio matches. The capacity of the stadium was 8,000. It hosted the match between Czechoslovakia and Romania during the 1934 FIFA World Cup.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Piacenza Calcio 1919", "paragraph_text": "Piacenza Calcio 1919 and Piacenza Calcio play their home matches at the 21,668 capacity, Stadio Leonardo Garilli, located in the city of Piacenza.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Fuori corso", "paragraph_text": "Fuori corso was an Italian sitcom written by Vincenzo Coppola, Ciro Ceruti and Ciro Villano; the latter two of whom starred in the comedy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Stadio Is Arenas", "paragraph_text": "The stadium is currently under renovation after Cagliari relocated out of their former home venue, Stadio Sant'Elia, in order to make it comply with Serie A league standards in time for the new season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Stadio Is Arenas", "paragraph_text": "Stadio Comunale \"Is Arenas\" is a sports stadium in Quartu Sant'Elena, Sardinia, Italy. It is mostly used for football games and was the home venue of Serie A club Cagliari Calcio for the 2012\u201313 season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Occupation of the Ruhr", "paragraph_text": "The Occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925 in response to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue its reparation payments in the aftermath of World War I.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Stadio Francesco Gabrielli", "paragraph_text": "Stadio Francesco Gabrielli is an arena in Rovigo, Italy. It is primarily used for football, and is the home to the Rovigo Calcio of the Serie D. It opened in 1893 and holds 3,500 spectators.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Italy national rugby union team", "paragraph_text": "Date Home Score Away Place 24 October 1978 Italy 19 - 6 Argentina Stadio Mario Battaglini, Rovigo 6 May 1995 Italy 22 - 12 Ireland Stadio Comunale di Monigo, Treviso 4 June 1995 Argentina 25 - 31 Italy Buffalo City Stadium, East London, South Africa 4 January 1997 Ireland 29 - 37 Italy Lansdowne Road, Dublin 22 March 1997 France 32 - 40 Italy Stade Lesdigui\u00e8res, Grenoble 20 December 1997 Italy 37 - 22 Ireland Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, Bologna 24 January 1998 Italy 25 - 21 Scotland Stadio Comunale Monigo, Treviso 7 November 1998 Italy 23 - 19 Argentina Stadio Comunale Beltrametti, Piacenza 5 February 2000 Italy 34 - 20 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 15 February 2003 Italy 30 - 22 Wales Stadio Flaminio, Rome 6 March 2004 Italy 20 - 14 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 11 June 2005 Argentina 29 - 30 Italy Estadio Ol\u00edmpico, C\u00f3rdoba 24 February 2007 Scotland 17 - 37 Italy Murrayfield, Edinburgh 10 March 2007 Italy 23 - 20 Wales Stadio Flaminio, Rome 15 March 2008 Italy 23 - 20 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 28 June 2008 Argentina 12 - 13 Italy Estadio Ol\u00edmpico, C\u00f3rdoba 27 February 2010 Italy 16 - 12 Scotland Stadio Flaminio, Rome 12 March 2011 Italy 22 - 21 France Stadio Flaminio, Rome 17 March 2012 Italy 13 - 6 Scotland Stadio Olimpico, Rome 3 February 2013 Italy 23 - 18 France Stadio Olimpico, Rome 16 March 2013 Italy 22 - 15 Ireland Stadio Olimpico, Rome 28 February 2015 Scotland 19 - 22 Italy BT Murrayfield, Edinburgh 19 November 2016 Italy 20 - 18 South Africa Stadio Artemio Franchi, Florence", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1975\u201376 Coppa Italia", "paragraph_text": "The 1975\u201376 Coppa Italia was the 29th season of Coppa Italia, the major Italian domestic association football cup. The competition was won by Napoli, who defeated Verona in a one-legged final played at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Stadio San Nicola", "paragraph_text": "The Stadio San Nicola () is a multi-use all-seater stadium designed by Renzo Piano in Bari, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of F.C. Bari 1908. The stadium itself resembles a 'flower'. To create this particular design, the stadium consists of 26 'petals' and upper tiers of the higher ring which are separated by 8-metre empty spaces, sufficient to guarantee satisfactory security conditions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Conte Arduino Mangoni", "paragraph_text": "Stadio Arduino Mangoni, is a multi-purpose stadium in Isola del Liri, Italy. It is mainly used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Isola Liri in Serie D. The stadium has a capacity of 3,000 spectators and meets Lega Pro criteria.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Stadio Ciro Vigorito", "paragraph_text": "Stadio Ciro Vigorito (formerly Stadio Santa Colomba) is a multi-use stadium in Benevento, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Benevento Calcio. The stadium is able to hold 25,000 people and was opened in 1979.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Occupation of Gori", "paragraph_text": "The Occupation of Gori was the military occupation of Gori and its surrounding areas by Russian military forces, which started on 13 August 2008 as part of the Russo-Georgian War, and ended with the withdrawal of Russian units from the city on 22 August 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Carmelo Imbriani", "paragraph_text": "Carmelo Imbriani (10 February 1976 \u2013 15 February 2013) was an Italian footballer and former coach of Benevento in Lega Pro Prima Divisione.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Stadio Erasmo Iacovone", "paragraph_text": "Stadio Erasmo Iacovone is a multi-use stadium in Taranto, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Taranto Sport. The stadium holds 27,584 people.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)", "paragraph_text": "The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is a US labor law governing the federal law of occupational health and safety in the private sector and federal government in the United States. It was enacted by Congress in 1970 and was signed by President Richard Nixon on December 29, 1970. Its main goal is to ensure that employers provide employees with an environment free from recognized hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. The Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "F.C. Crotone", "paragraph_text": "Football Club Crotone is an Italian football club based in Crotone, Calabria. Founded in 1910, holding home games at Stadio Ezio Scida, which has a 16,547 - seat capacity. The club plays in Serie A after being promoted from Serie B in 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Qui studio a voi stadio", "paragraph_text": "Qui studio a voi stadio (known also by the acronym QSVS) is a sports talk and debate television program produced by Telelombardia and aired on various affiliated local television channels in Italy, entirely devoted to Italian Soccer, in particular the Serie A.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Stadio San Paolo", "paragraph_text": "Stadio San Paolo () is a stadium in the western suburb of Fuorigrotta in Naples, Italy, and is the third largest football stadium in Italy after the San Siro and Stadio Olimpico. For the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, it hosted the football preliminaries. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home of Napoli. The stadium was built in 1959 and underwent extensive renovations in 1989 for the 1990 World Cup. The present capacity of the San Paolo is 60,240.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Stadio Antonio Bianco", "paragraph_text": "Stadio Antonio Bianco is a multi-use stadium in Gallipoli, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Gallipoli Calcio. The stadium holds 5,000 people.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What league does the team that plays in Stadio Ciro Vigorito play for?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 166824, "question": "Stadio Ciro Vigorito >> occupant", "answer": "Benevento Calcio", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 185403, "question": "#1 >> league", "answer": "Lega Pro Prima Divisione", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Lega Pro Prima Divisione", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1625}
{"id": "2hop__698577_851686", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Martine Blanc", "paragraph_text": "Martine Blanc (born 16 September 1944 in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-D\u00f4me) is a French author and illustrator of ten books for children including \"The story of Timothy\", the \"Two Hoots\" series in collaboration with Helen Cresswell, and \"All about Jesus\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Asima Chatterjee", "paragraph_text": "Asima Chatterjee (23 September 1917 \u2013 22 November 2006) was an Indian organic chemist noted for her work in the fields of organic chemistry and phytomedicine. Her most notable work includes research on vinca alkaloids, the development of anti-epileptic drugs, and development of anti-malarial drugs. She also authored a considerable volume of work on medicinal plants of the Indian subcontinent. She was the first woman to receive a Doctorate of Science from an Indian university.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Adobe LiveCycle Designer", "paragraph_text": "Adobe LiveCycle Designer is a forms authoring tool published by Adobe Systems, intended as a one-stop design tool to render XML forms as PDF or HTML files.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Timothy Files", "paragraph_text": "The Timothy Files is a 1987 best selling work of fiction by Lawrence Sanders. It consists of linked stories featuring Timothy Cone, who works as a hard-boiled type investigator. He is a scruffy character, rough of mouth and demeanor but pure of heart. Cone has trouble with relationships, surviving on a rough-edged on-going affair with his supervisor, and an only slightly softer relationship with his cat Cleo. The stories in the book deal with his successful attempts to find out the truth and put villains behind bars.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "DVD Flick", "paragraph_text": "DVD Flick is an open source DVD authoring application for Windows developed by Dennis Meuwissen and released under the GNU General Public License. DVD Flick is capable of importing audio tracks, video files and subtitles, composing a DVD-Video movie and burning it to a disc \u2013 or creating an ISO image for later burning.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Daylight saving time", "paragraph_text": "The NTFS file system used by recent versions of Windows stores the file with a UTC time stamp, but displays it corrected to local\u2014or seasonal\u2014time. However, the FAT filesystem commonly used on removable devices stores only the local time. Consequently, when a file is copied from the hard disk onto separate media, its time will be set to the current local time. If the time adjustment is changed, the timestamps of the original file and the copy will be different. The same effect can be observed when compressing and uncompressing files with some file archivers. It is the NTFS file that changes seen time. This effect should be kept in mind when trying to determine if a file is a duplicate of another, although there are other methods of comparing files for equality (such as using a checksum algorithm).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "James Redfield", "paragraph_text": "James Redfield is an American author, lecturer, screenwriter and film producer. He is notable for his novel \"The Celestine Prophecy\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Piper Kerman", "paragraph_text": "Piper Kerman Kerman at the University of Missouri in 2014 Piper Eressea Kerman (1969 - 09 - 28) September 28, 1969 (age 49) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Alma mater Smith College Occupation Writer, author, memoirist Notable work Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison Spouse (s) Larry Smith (m. 2006) Website piperkerman.com www.thepipebomb.com", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Glenda Goss", "paragraph_text": "Glenda Goss is an American author and music historian whose special interests are music and culture, early modernism, critical editing, and European-American points of cultural contact. Her most notable work has revolved around the life and works of the Finnish composer, Jean Sibelius.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Timothy P. Williams", "paragraph_text": "Timothy P. Williams is a United States Army major general, and the Adjutant General of Virginia. He commands the Virginia Army National Guard, Virginia Air National Guard and Virginia Defense Force. Williams is the co-author of, \"Let\u2019s Go! The History of the 29th Infantry Division 1917-2001\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Madonna (entertainer)", "paragraph_text": "Influences also came to her from the art world, most notably through the works of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. The music video of the song \"Bedtime Story\" featured images inspired by the paintings of Kahlo and Remedios Varo. Madonna is also a collector of Tamara de Lempicka's Art Deco paintings and has included them in her music videos and tours. Her video for \"Hollywood\" (2003) was an homage to the work of photographer Guy Bourdin; Bourdin's son subsequently filed a lawsuit for unauthorised use of his father's work. Pop artist Andy Warhol's use of sadomasochistic imagery in his underground films were reflected in the music videos for \"Erotica\" and \"Deeper and Deeper\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Quran", "paragraph_text": "One of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is Sulami (d. 1021) without whose work the majority of very early Sufi commentaries would not have been preserved. Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir (\"Truths of Exegesis\") which is a compilation of commentaries of earlier Sufis. From the 11th century onwards several other works appear, including commentaries by Qushayri (d. 1074), Daylami (d. 1193), Shirazi (d. 1209) and Suhrawardi (d. 1234). These works include material from Sulami's books plus the author's contributions. Many works are written in Persian such as the works of Maybudi (d. 1135) kash al-asrar (\"the unveiling of the secrets\"). Rumi (d. 1273) wrote a vast amount of mystical poetry in his book Mathnawi. Rumi makes heavy use of the Quran in his poetry, a feature that is sometimes omitted in translations of Rumi's work. A large number of Quranic passages can be found in Mathnawi, which some consider a kind of Sufi interpretation of the Quran. Rumi's book is not exceptional for containing citations from and elaboration on the Quran, however, Rumi does mention Quran more frequently. Simnani (d. 1336) wrote two influential works of esoteric exegesis on the Quran. He reconciled notions of God's manifestation through and in the physical world with the sentiments of Sunni Islam. Comprehensive Sufi commentaries appear in the 18th century such as the work of Ismail Hakki Bursevi (d. 1725). His work ruh al-Bayan (the Spirit of Elucidation) is a voluminous exegesis. Written in Arabic, it combines the author's own ideas with those of his predecessors (notably Ibn Arabi and Ghazali), all woven together in Hafiz, a Persian poetry form.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Jan Hendrik van den Berg", "paragraph_text": "Jan Hendrik van den Berg (June 11, 1914 \u2013 September 22, 2012) was a Dutch psychiatrist notable for his work in phenomenological psychotherapy (cf. phenomenology) and metabletics, or \"psychology of historical change.\" He is the author of numerous articles and books, including \"A different existence\" and \"The changing nature of man\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Open Boat", "paragraph_text": "Crane subsequently adapted his report into narrative form, and the resulting short story \"The Open Boat\" was published in \"Scribner's Magazine\". The story is told from the point of view of an anonymous correspondent, with Crane as the implied author, the action closely resembles the author's experiences after the shipwreck. A volume titled \"The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure\" was published in the United States in 1898; an edition entitled \"The Open Boat and Other Stories\" was published simultaneously in England. Praised for its innovation by contemporary critics, the story is considered an exemplary work of literary Naturalism, and is one of the most frequently discussed works in Crane's canon. It is notable for its use of imagery, irony, symbolism, and the exploration of such themes as survival, solidarity, and the conflict between man and nature. H. G. Wells considered \"The Open Boat\" to be \"beyond all question, the crown of all [Crane's] work\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Ellen Steiber", "paragraph_text": "Ellen Steiber is an American novelist and author of books for young readers, including some based on single episodes of \"The X-Files\" and \"Full House\" series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "The Anderson Tapes (novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Anderson Tapes is the debut crime fiction novel by Lawrence Sanders, published in 1970. The story revolves around the complicated burglary of an entire upscale New York apartment building by a gang of ex-convicts, who are unaware that the entire operation is under wiretap and camera surveillance by various agencies. The story also introduces the character of NYPD police detective Edward X. Delaney who became Sander's enduring protagonist in his \"Deadly Sin\" series of novels. The book earned Sanders the Mystery Writers of America Edgar Award for best first mystery novel. The same year, it was adapted into a film, directed by Sidney Lumet, with Sean Connery in the title role.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Copyright infringement", "paragraph_text": "In some countries, the personal copying exemption explicitly requires that the content being copied was obtained legitimately \u2013 i.e., from authorized sources, not file-sharing networks. Other countries, such as the Netherlands, make no such distinction; the exemption there had been assumed, even by the government, to apply to any such copying, even from file-sharing networks. However, in April 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that \"national legislation which makes no distinction between private copies made from lawful sources and those made from counterfeited or pirated sources cannot be tolerated.\" Thus, in the Netherlands, for example, downloading from file-sharing networks is no longer legal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Konqueror", "paragraph_text": "Konqueror, a free and open-source web browser and file manager, provides web access and file-viewer functionality for file systems (such as local files, files on a remote FTP server and files in a disk image). It forms a core part of the KDE Software Compilation. Developed by volunteers, Konqueror can run on most Unix-like operating systems. The KDE community licenses and distributes Konqueror under the GNU General Public License version 2.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Timothy Township, Crow Wing County, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Timothy Township is a township in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 147 at the 2000 census. The township may be named for its Timothy-grass.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The Boys on the Bus", "paragraph_text": "The Boys on the Bus (1973) is author Timothy Crouse's seminal non-fiction book detailing life on the road for reporters covering the 1972 United States presidential campaign.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is a notable work written by the author of The Timothy files?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 698577, "question": "The Timothy Files >> author", "answer": "Lawrence Sanders", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 851686, "question": "#1 >> notable work", "answer": "Anderson Tapes", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}], "answer": "Anderson Tapes", "answer_aliases": ["The Anderson Tapes"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2144}
{"id": "2hop__362107_652514", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Texas\u2013Indian wars", "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "British nationality law", "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dunbar Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Love and War in the Apennines", "paragraph_text": "Love and War in the Apennines is a 1971 Second World War memoir (with some changes of names and people and places, and some composite characters) by Eric Newby. It was dramatised as the 2001 film \"In Love and War\" starring Callum Blue and Barbora Bobu\u013eov\u00e1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Callum Kane", "paragraph_text": "Callum Kane is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Laurie Duncan. The character and Duncan's casting was announced on 25 August 2011. Callum was introduced to the show along with five other regular characters. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 6 September 2011. While appearing in the sixth series of \"Hollyoaks Later\" in October 2013, Callum was killed off. His exit came as part of a \"cast cull\", which coincided with the show's 18th anniversary. Duncan's departure from the show was kept secret to ensure viewers would be surprised. The actor later admitted that he cried when he learned that he was leaving.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Pangi Territory", "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Tanzania", "paragraph_text": "In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner\u2014who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury\u2014placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a \"run\" on the entities in the \"parallel\" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Italian Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries", "paragraph_text": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Emp\u00faries or Emp\u00f2rion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Emp\u00faries moved to Castell\u00f3 d'Emp\u00faries place less exposed to attack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Callum McManaman", "paragraph_text": "Born in Whiston, Merseyside, lived and brought up in Rainhill, Merseyside, McManaman began his youth career at Everton before being released in 2007 and joining Wigan Athletic. He made his first team debut in 2009, and was the man of the match as they won the FA Cup in 2013. In January 2015, he joined West Bromwich Albion for \u00a34.75 million.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Whiston, Merseyside", "paragraph_text": "Whiston is a large village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside, England. At the 2001 Census the population was recorded as 13,629, (6,560 males and 7,069 females), increasing to 14,263 at the 2011 Census.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Essex County Park Commission Administration Building", "paragraph_text": "The Essex County Park Commission Administration Building is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1916 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 11, 1977.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In which borough was Callum McManaman born?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 362107, "question": "Callum McManaman >> place of birth", "answer": "Whiston", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 652514, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Knowsley", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "Knowsley", "answer_aliases": ["Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2326}
{"id": "2hop__402530_774333", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Geography of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Oak Lawn, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Fronti\u00e8re internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Mount Bosworth", "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Swan Miara", "paragraph_text": "Swan Miara is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district where it borders Abbottabad District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Africa", "paragraph_text": "In the late 19th century, the European imperial powers engaged in a major territorial scramble and occupied most of the continent, creating many colonial territories, and leaving only two fully independent states: Ethiopia (known to Europeans as ``Abyssinia ''), and Liberia. Egypt and Sudan were never formally incorporated into any European colonial empire; however, after the British occupation of 1882, Egypt was effectively under British administration until 1922.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Adaba (woreda)", "paragraph_text": "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Thirukkanur", "paragraph_text": "Thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of Puducherry, India. It one of 16 villages located in Mannadipet commune panchayat of the Villianur taluk. It is bordered by the state of Tamil Nadu both to the east and west.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Gmina W\u0142odawa", "paragraph_text": "Gmina W\u0142odawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in W\u0142odawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of W\u0142odawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Lancaster Crossing", "paragraph_text": "Lancaster Crossing, also known as Indian Ford, Pecos Crossing, Solomon's Ford, Crossing of the Pecos, Crossing Rio Pecos, Ferry of the Pecos, and Ford Canyon Crossing, is an historic ford and ferry on the Pecos River, between Crockett County and Pecos County just southeast of Sheffield, Texas. Named after nearby Fort Lancaster, it is one of the few natural fords on the Pecos River, otherwise known for its steep banks that made crossing difficult.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Notogawa, Shiga", "paragraph_text": "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Virginia, Lempira", "paragraph_text": "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Chelyabinsk", "paragraph_text": "Chelyabinsk () is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia. Population:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Imperial, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Imperial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 278 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What other county does the county where Imperial is located share a border with?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 402530, "question": "Imperial >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Pecos County", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 774333, "question": "#1 >> shares border with", "answer": "Crockett County", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "Crockett County", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2308}
{"id": "2hop__195917_575657", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Port Blair", "paragraph_text": "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Battle of Bunker Hill", "paragraph_text": "Battle of Bunker Hill Part of the American Revolutionary War Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill by John Trumbull Date June 17, 1775 Location Charlestown, Massachusetts 42 \u00b0 22 \u2032 34.9 ''N 71 \u00b0 3 \u2032 38.8'' W \ufeff / \ufeff 42.376361 \u00b0 N 71.060778 \u00b0 W \ufeff / 42.376361; - 71.060778 Coordinates: 42 \u00b0 22 \u2032 34.9 ''N 71 \u00b0 3 \u2032 38.8'' W \ufeff / \ufeff 42.376361 \u00b0 N 71.060778 \u00b0 W \ufeff / 42.376361; - 71.060778 Result Pyrrhic British victory Territorial changes British capture Charlestown Peninsula Belligerents United Colonies Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Great Britain Commanders and leaders William Prescott Israel Putnam Joseph Warren \u2020 John Stark William Howe Thomas Gage Sir Robert Pigot James Abercrombie \u2020 Henry Clinton Samuel Graves John Pitcairn \u2020 Strength ~ 2,400 3,000 + Casualties and losses 115 killed, 305 wounded, 30 captured (20 POWs died) Total: 450 19 officers killed 62 officers wounded 207 soldiers killed 766 soldiers wounded Total: 1,054", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries", "paragraph_text": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Emp\u00faries or Emp\u00f2rion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Emp\u00faries moved to Castell\u00f3 d'Emp\u00faries place less exposed to attack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Blair Athol, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Blair Athol is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Blair Athol is located 57 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Billy Goat Tavern", "paragraph_text": "The first location, at 1855 W. Madison St., was opened in 1934 when William ``Billy Goat ''Sianis bought the Lincoln Tavern, near Chicago Stadium, for $205 with a bounced check (he made good on it with the proceeds from the first weekend they were open). When the 1944 Republican National Convention came to town, he posted a sign saying`` No Republicans allowed,'' causing the place to be packed with Republicans demanding to be served. Of course, a great deal of publicity followed, which Sianis characteristically took advantage of.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "British nationality law", "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Italian Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "John Blair Smith Todd", "paragraph_text": "John Blair Smith Todd (April 4, 1814\u00a0\u2013 January 5, 1872) was a Delegate from Dakota Territory to the United States House of Representatives and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "List of extreme points of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Utqia\u0121vik, Alaska 71 \u00b0 17 \u2032 44 ''N 156 \u00b0 45 \u2032 59'' W \ufeff / \ufeff 71.29556 \u00b0 N 156.76639 \u00b0 W \ufeff / 71.29556; - 156.76639 \ufeff (Barrow) -- northernmost incorporated place in all U.S. territory, population about 4,000", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "William W. Blair", "paragraph_text": "Blair was born in Holley, New York. In 1839, his family moved to LaSalle County, Illinois. In 1851, Blair encountered missionaries from the Latter Day Saint movement. On October 8, 1851, Blair was baptized by William Smith, the younger brother of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "United States Coast Guard", "paragraph_text": "On 25 November 2002, the Homeland Security Act was signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush, designating the Coast Guard to be placed under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The transfer of administrative control from the U.S. Department of Transportation to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security was completed the following year, on 1 March 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Holley, New York", "paragraph_text": "Holley is a village in the town of Murray in Orleans County, New York, United States. The population was 1,811 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Rochester Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Scariest Places on Earth", "paragraph_text": "Scariest Places on Earth is an American paranormal reality television series that originally aired from October 23, 2000, to October 29, 2006, on Fox Family, and later ABC Family. The show was hosted by Linda Blair, with narration by Zelda Rubinstein. The show featured reported cases of the paranormal by detailing the location's history, and then sending an ordinary family to visit the location in a reality TV-style vigil.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "James W. Clise House", "paragraph_text": "The James W. Clise House is a house located within Marymoor Park in Redmond, Washington, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In what county is William W. Blair's birthplace located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 195917, "question": "William W. Blair >> place of birth", "answer": "Holley", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}, {"id": 575657, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Orleans County", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Orleans County", "answer_aliases": ["Orleans County, New York"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2405}
{"id": "2hop__683835_709167", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Red Ochre Award", "paragraph_text": "The Red Ochre Award was established in 1993 by the Australia Council for the Arts. It is awarded annually to an outstanding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artist for lifetime achievement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced ``in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ''(original Swedish:`` den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framst\u00e5ende verket i en idealisk riktning''). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. It will not be awarded in 2018, but two names will be awarded in 2019.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay", "paragraph_text": "The PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay is awarded by the PEN American Center to an author for a book of original collected essays. The award was founded by PEN Member and author Barbaralee Diamonstein and Carl Spielvogel, former \"New York Times\" columnist, \"to preserve the dignity and esteem that the essay form imparts to literature.\" The winner receives a cash award of $10,000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bruce Hunter (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Bruce Hunter (born 1961) is a Canadian actor and comedian from Calgary, Alberta. He has appeared in television shows such as \"Puppets Who Kill\" and \"The Red Green Show\". Hunter received a Canadian Comedy Awards nomination in 2002 for his work on the television series \"After Hours\". He voices the king of Happily-Ever-Afterville on the PBS show \"Cyberchase\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Passion Pictures", "paragraph_text": "The company's core business is in commercial and animation output, which includes work for Cartoon Network, music videos for Gorillaz, and the Compare the Market.com commercial campaign featuring Aleksandr Orlov (meerkat). Passion Australia produced \"The Lost Thing\", directed by Andrew Ruhemann and Shaun Tan, which won an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 2011.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Kate Mulgrew", "paragraph_text": "Katherine Kiernan Maria ``Kate ''Mulgrew (born April 29, 1955) is an American actress. She is known for the roles of Captain Kathryn Janeway on Star Trek: Voyager and Galina`` Red'' Reznikov on Orange Is the New Black. She first came to attention in the role of Mary Ryan on the daytime soap opera Ryan's Hope. Mulgrew has won an Obie Award, and has received a Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nomination. She is an active member of the Alzheimer's Association National Advisory Council and the voice of Cleveland's MetroHealth System.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Halfway Tree", "paragraph_text": "Halfway Tree is the second album by Jamaican reggae artist Damian \"Jr. Gong\" Marley. The name \"Halfway Tree\" comes from his mother, Cindy Breakspeare, being from the rich part of town, and his father, Bob Marley, coming from the poor part of town, thus him being \"a tree halfway in between the 'rich' world and 'poor' world.\" Additionally, Halfway Tree is a well-known landmark that marks the cultural center of Half-Way-Tree, the clock tower that stands where the historical eponymous cotton tree once stood is featured prominently behind Marley on the cover of the album. The album was released on September 11, 2001 and received the 2002 Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album. It was co-produced by Damian Marley and his brother Stephen Marley. There is a hidden track on the end of \"Stand a Chance\" at \u2013 5:08. It is called \"And You Be Loved\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "William Childress", "paragraph_text": "William Childress (born in Hugo, Oklahoma, February 5, 1933) is an American writer, author, poet, and photojournalist. Childress has received numerous awards, prizes, and accolades for his writing and poetry, and is regarded as one of the foremost poets of the Korean War by at least two critics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn", "paragraph_text": "Audrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Taktin Oey", "paragraph_text": "He graduated from West Windsor-Plainsboro High School North in 2004. He graduated from Harvard University in 2008. He has received a range of awards including the 1999 and 1996 ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Authors & Publishers) and First Prize for his Piano Quartet in the European Region\u2019s Young Composers\u2019 Competition in 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Theresa Schwegel", "paragraph_text": "Theresa Schwegel (born July 20, 1975) is an American author of crime fiction. She won the Edgar Award for best first novel from the Mystery Writers of America for \"Officer Down\" in 2006. In 2008, she received the Chicago Public Library Foundation's 21st Century Award for achievement in writing by an author with ties to Chicago.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Dustin Pedroia", "paragraph_text": "Dustin Luis Pedroia (born August 17, 1983) is an American baseball second baseman for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is a four - time All - Star and an American League (AL) Most Valuable Player award winner, who has also received four Gold Glove Awards and a single Silver Slugger award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Wandering Fire", "paragraph_text": "The Wandering Fire is a 1986 novel by Canadian fantasy author Guy Gavriel Kay and the second novel of \"The Fionavar Tapestry\" trilogy. It follows \"The Summer Tree\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Red Tree (Shaun Tan)", "paragraph_text": "The Red Tree (2001), written and illustrated by Shaun Tan, is a picture book that presents a fragmented journey through a dark world. The illustrations are surreal. The text is sparse and matches the dark illustrations.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Trotta (film)", "paragraph_text": "Trotta is a 1971 West German film directed by Johannes Schaaf. It is based on the 1938 novel \"Die Kapuzinergruft\" (\"The Emperor's Tomb\") by Austrian author Joseph Roth. It was chosen as West Germany's official submission to the 45th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not manage to receive a nomination. It was also entered into the 1972 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Penelope Tree", "paragraph_text": "Penelope Tree is the only child of Ronald, a British journalist, investor and Conservative MP, and Marietta Peabody Tree, a U.S. socialite and political activist. She is the great-granddaughter of American retailer Marshall Field and of American educator Endicott Peabody. She is the half-sister of both the racehorse trainer Jeremy Tree and the author Frances FitzGerald and a niece of former Massachusetts governor Endicott Peabody.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race", "paragraph_text": "The ``Golden Harness ''is most frequently given to the lead dog or dogs of the winning team. However, it is decided by a vote of the mushers, and in 2008 was given to Babe, the lead dog of Ramey Smyth, the 3rd - place finisher. Babe was almost 11 years old when she finished the race, and it was her ninth Iditarod. The`` Rookie of the Year'' award is given to the musher who places the best among those finishing their first Iditarod. A red lantern signifying perseverance is awarded to the last musher to cross the finish line. The size of the purse determines how many mushers receive cash prizes. For the 2013 edition of the race, the total purse was US $600,000, to be divided by the top 30 finishers, with every finisher below 30th place receiving $1,049. The first - place winner receives a new pickup truck and $69,000 as of 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", "paragraph_text": "``We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together ''is a song recorded by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift for her fourth studio album, Red (2012). Swift co-wrote the song with its producers, Max Martin and Shellback. The song was released as the lead single from Red on August 13, 2012, by Big Machine Records. Its lyrics depict Swift's frustrations at an ex-lover who wants to re-kindle their relationship. Rolling Stone magazine named the song the second best song of 2012 while it took the fourth spot in Time's end - of - year poll. The song received a Grammy Award nomination for Record of the Year. It also received a People's Choice Awards nomination for Favorite Song of the Year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "List of Nobel laureates", "paragraph_text": "Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other. UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Varjak Paw", "paragraph_text": "Varjak Paw (2003) is a novel by the British author S. F. Said and illustrated by Dave McKean. The illustrations in this book have a dark \"gothic\" quality. The novel received the 2003 Smarties Gold Award for the 6\u20138 years range, and has been adapted for other media.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What award did the author of The Red Tree receive?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 683835, "question": "The Red Tree >> author", "answer": "Shaun Tan", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 709167, "question": "#1 >> award received", "answer": "Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2143}
{"id": "2hop__197470_271394", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hans Albert Einstein", "paragraph_text": "Hans Albert Einstein ( ; May 14, 1904 \u2013 July 26, 1973) was a Swiss-American engineer and educator, the second child and first son of Albert Einstein and Mileva Mari\u0107. Hans A. Einstein was a long-time professor of Hydraulic Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Theo Carver", "paragraph_text": "The character was created by then head writer Dena Higley and introduced as the newborn son of Salem's mayor Abe Carver and his doctor wife, Lexie Carver. Child actors, Chase and Tyler Johnson appeared in the role from 2003 to 2004, Kavi Faquir from 2006 to 2007, and Amyrh Harris in 2007. In 2008, child actor Terrell Ransom, Jr. stepped into the role as the character was diagnosed with autism. Theo's autism diagnosis proved to be the character's most significant storyline as well as his close friendship with Ciara Brady. Ransom was beloved by fans and critics and also earned two Young Artist Award nominations for his portrayal of Theo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "International Day of the Girl Child", "paragraph_text": "International Day of the Girl Child Also called International Day of the Girl, Day of Girls Type International Significance Raising awareness of issues facing girls internationally, such as education, nutrition, child marriage, legal and medical rights Date 11 October Frequency annual First time 11 October 2012", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "No Child Left Behind Act", "paragraph_text": "The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It supported standards - based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education. The Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Tyler Lepley", "paragraph_text": "Tyler Lepley (March 24, 1987) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Benjamin ``Benny ''Young on the Tyler Perry produced The Have and the Have Nots; which is the first scripted television series to air on the Oprah Winfrey Network.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "International Day of the Girl Child", "paragraph_text": "International Day of the Girl Child Also called International Day of the Girl, Day of the Girl Type International Significance Raise awareness of issues facing girls internationally surrounding education, nutrition, child marriage, legal and medical rights Date 11 October Frequency annual First time 11 October 2012", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ralph W. Tyler", "paragraph_text": "Ralph W. Tyler (1902\u20131994) was an American educator who worked in the field of assessment and evaluation. He served on or advised a number of bodies that set guidelines for the expenditure of federal funds and influenced the underlying policy of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Tyler chaired the committee that developed the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). He has been called by some as \"the father of educational evaluation and assessment\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant", "paragraph_text": "Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant is a 1982 novel by Anne Tyler, set in Baltimore, Maryland. It is Anne Tyler's ninth novel. In 1983 it was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, the National Book Award, and the PEN/Faulkner Award. Anne Tyler considers it her best work.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dana MacDuff", "paragraph_text": "He and his older brother, Brandon R. MacDuff (born 1954), a 1972 graduate of Blair High School, have formed Oakdale Pictures, a production company in Reno.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The Haves and the Have Nots Genre Soap opera Crime thriller Created by Tyler Perry Written by Tyler Perry Directed by Tyler Perry Starring Tika Sumpter Crystal Fox Tyler Lepley Renee Lawless Aaron O'Connell Peter Parros Angela Robinson Gavin Houston Eva Tamargo John Schneider Jaclyn Betham Shari Headley Allison McAtee Danielle Deadwyler Brett Davis Jon Chaffin Presilah Nunez Nicholas James Nick Sagar Antoinette Robertson Theme music composer Elvin Ross Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 6 No. of episodes 138 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Tyler Perry Ozzie Areu Mark E. Swinton Will Areu Camera setup Multiple camera Running time 42 minutes Production company (s) Tyler Perry Studios Release Original network Oprah Winfrey Network Picture format 480i HDTV 1080i Original release May 28, 2013 (2013 - 05 - 28) -- present (present) External links Website Production website", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Shiranthi Rajapaksa", "paragraph_text": "Shiranthi Wickremesinghe Rajapaksa is the wife of the sixth President of Sri Lanka, Mahinda Rajapaksa and was the First Lady of Sri Lanka from 2005 to 2015. She is a professional in child psychology and pre-school education.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "In southeast Asian colonies, such as Hong Kong, child labour such as the Mui Tsai (\u59b9\u4ed4), was rationalised as a cultural tradition and ignored by British authorities. The Dutch East India Company officials rationalised their child labour abuses with, \"it is a way to save these children from a worse fate.\" Christian mission schools in regions stretching from Zambia to Nigeria too required work from children, and in exchange provided religious education, not secular education. Elsewhere, the Canadian Dominion Statutes in form of so-called Breaches of Contract Act, stipulated jail terms for uncooperative child workers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Albert Tyler (biologist)", "paragraph_text": "Tyler was born in Brooklyn, New York. He attended Columbia University majoring in chemistry. When he started graduate studies he took interest in the work of Thomas Hunt Morgan. Morgan took Tyler, and several other graduate students and research fellows with him, to the California Institute of Technology when he was hired to establish the new Division of Biology. Tyler completed his Ph.D. studies on reproductive biology and was appointed to the faculty at Caltech.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "DeltaWomen", "paragraph_text": "Delta Women is a non-governmental organization founded primarily to enable the women of Delta State, Nigeria. The organization advocates for women rights, creates awareness and holds seminars on child abuse and campaigns on female sexual harassment in higher educational institutions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Dana MacDuff", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Pasadena, California, to the actor Tyler MacDuff and the former Beverlie May Anderson (born 1930), who divorced in 1961. He is named for his father's close friend, the actor Dana Andrews. He graduated in 1974 from Blair International Baccalaureate School in Pasadena. Like his father, Dana MacDuff served in the United States Navy, having been on active duty from 1974\u20131977. He then worked as a page at the American Broadcasting Company. After working in features for a time, he accepted a position as a floor and stage manager with the BBC in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He returned to Hollywood in 1995 to produce films.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "David Gardiner Tyler", "paragraph_text": "David Gardiner Tyler (July 12, 1846 \u2013 September 5, 1927), was a U.S. Democratic Party politician and the ninth child and fourth son of John Tyler, the tenth President of the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Girl", "paragraph_text": "Gender influences the pattern of child labor. Girls tend to be asked by their families to perform more domestic work in their parental home than boys are, and often at younger ages than boys. Employment as a paid domestic worker is the most common form of child labor for girls. In some places, such as East and Southeast Asia, parents often see work as a domestic servant as a good preparation for marriage. Domestic service, however, is among the least regulated of all professions, and exposes workers to serious risks, such as violence, exploitation and abuse by the employers, because the workers are often isolated from the outside world. Child labor has a very negative effect on education. Girls either stop their education, or, when they continue it, they are often subjected to a double burden, or a triple burden of work outside the home, housework in the parental home, and schoolwork. This situation is common in places such as parts of Asia and Latin America.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Macbeth", "paragraph_text": "A battle culminates in Macduff's confrontation with Macbeth, who kills Young Siward in combat. The English forces overwhelm his army and castle. Macbeth boasts that he has no reason to fear Macduff, for he can not be killed by any man born of woman. Macduff declares that he was ``from his mother's womb / Untimely ripp'd ''(V. 8.15 -- 16), (i.e., born by Caesarean section) and is not`` of woman born'' (an example of a literary quibble), fulfilling the second prophecy. Macbeth realises too late that he has misinterpreted the witches' words. Though he realises that he is doomed, he continues to fight. Macduff kills and beheads him, thus fulfilling the remaining prophecy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Macbeth, King of Scotland", "paragraph_text": "In Shakespeare's play, which is based mainly upon Raphael Holinshed's account, Macbeth is initially a valorous and loyal general to the elderly King Duncan. After being flattered by Three Witches and his own wife, Macbeth rationalizes that murdering his king and usurping the throne is the right thing to do. Ultimately, however, the prophecies of the witches prove misleading, and Macbeth alienates the nobility of Scotland and is defeated in battle by Prince Malcolm. As the King's armies disintegrate he encounters Macduff, a refugee nobleman whose wife and children had earlier been murdered by Macbeth's death squads. Upon realizing that he will die if he duels Macduff, Macbeth at first refuses to do so. But when Macduff explains that if Macbeth surrenders he will be subjected to ridicule by his former subjects, Macbeth vows, ``I will not yield to kiss the ground before young Malcolm's feet, to be baited by a rabble's curse. ''He chooses instead to fight Macduff to the death. Macbeth is then slain and beheaded and the play ends with Prince Malcolm planning his coronation at Scone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Macduff (Macbeth)", "paragraph_text": "After Macbeth slays the young Siward, Macduff charges into the main castle and confronts Macbeth. Although Macbeth believes that he can not be killed by any man born of a woman, he soon learns that Macduff was ``from his mother's womb / Untimely ripped ''(5.10. 15 -- 16). The two fight, and Macduff slays Macbeth offstage. Macduff ultimately presents Macbeth's head to Malcolm, hailing him as king and calling on the other thanes to declare their allegiance with him (5.11. 20 -- 25).", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where was Tyler MacDuff's child educated?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 197470, "question": "Tyler MacDuff >> child", "answer": "Dana MacDuff", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 271394, "question": "#1 >> educated at", "answer": "Blair High School", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "Blair High School", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2104}
{"id": "2hop__458131_174974", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Learning Company", "paragraph_text": "The Learning Company (TLC) was an American educational software company owned by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. The company produced a grade-based system of learning software and tools to improve productivity. Products for preschoolers through second graders included \"Reader Rabbit\", and software for more advanced students included \"The ClueFinders\". The company was also known for publishing licensed educational titles featuring characters such as Arthur, Scooby-Doo, \"Zoboomafoo\", and \"Caillou\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Rekkit Rabbit", "paragraph_text": "Rekkit Rabbit (known as Rekkit in France) is a French-American animated TV series created by David Michel and produced by Marathon Media, Zodiak Kids, Disney XD. It premiered 16 March 2011 in France and is broadcast internationally.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Rabbit Ears Productions", "paragraph_text": "Rabbit Ears Productions is a production company best known for producing three TV series that feature individual episodes adapting popular pieces of children's literature, all of which aired from 1984-1995 on PBS. The series features actors such as Robin Williams, Raul Julia, Laura Dern, Denzel Washington, Meryl Streep, John Hurt, Danny Glover, and others narrating children's books either well known in the United States or from around the world. The series made use of a limited animation technique whereby still images were moved throughout the scene, similar to modern motion comics. Rabbit Ears Productions has also won numerous awards, including Parents' Choice Awards and Grammy Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Planet Cake", "paragraph_text": "Planet Cake has created over 12000 couture cakes, including cakes for A-list celebrities such as Nicole Kidman, Celine Dion, Rihanna, Katy Perry, Keith Urban, John Travolta and Lady Gaga to name a few, as well as for television and many magazines. They have also created a host of \u2018stunt\u2019 cakes, the most famous being a realistic replica of the Sydney Opera House for Australia Day 2011, which weighed over 1.3 tons and required 32 cake decorators to make.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Law of holes", "paragraph_text": "The adage has been attributed to a number of sources. It appeared in print on page six of The Washington Post dated October 25, 1911, in the form: ``Nor would a wise man, seeing that he was in a hole, go to work and blindly dig it deeper... ''In The Bankers Magazine, it was published in 1964 as:`` Let me tell you about the law of holes: If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dirac hole theory", "paragraph_text": "Dirac hole theory is a theory in quantum mechanics, named after English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac. The theory poses that the continuum of negative energy states, that are solutions to the Dirac equation, are filled with electrons, and the vacancies in this continuum (holes) are manifested as positrons with energy and momentum that are the negative of those of the state. The discovery of the positron in 1929 gave a considerable support to the Dirac hole theory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Down the Rabbit Hole (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Down The Rabbit Hole is the first book in the Echo Falls mystery series by best selling crime novelist Peter Abrahams. Ingrid is in the wrong place at the wrong time. Or at least her shoes are. And getting them back will mean getting tangled up in a murder investigation as complicated as the mysteries solved by her idol, Sherlock Holmes. With soccer practice, schoolwork, and the lead role in her town's production of Alice in Wonderland, Ingrid is swamped. But as things in Echo Falls keep getting curiouser and curiouser Ingrid realizes she must solve the murder on her own before it's too late!", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Rabbit, Run (film)", "paragraph_text": "Rabbit, Run is a 1970 American independent film directed by Jack Smight. The film was adapted from John Updike's 1960 novel by screenplay writer Howard B. Kreitsek, who also served as producer. The film starred James Caan as Rabbit Angstrom, Carrie Snodgress as Rabbit's wife Janice, and Anjanette Comer as his girlfriend Ruth. The movie co-starred Jack Albertson as Coach Marty Tothero, Arthur Hill as Rev. Jack Eccles, and Henry Jones and Josephine Hutchinson as Rabbit's parents.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Holes (film)", "paragraph_text": "Holes is a 2003 American adventure comedy - drama film directed by Andrew Davis, produced by Lowell D. Blank, Mike Medavoy and Teresa Tucker - Davies with music by Joel McNeely and based on the 1998 eponymous novel by Louis Sachar (who also wrote the screenplay).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rabbit Hole (film)", "paragraph_text": "Rabbit Hole is a 2010 American tragedy film starring Nicole Kidman, Aaron Eckhart, and Dianne Wiest, and directed by John Cameron Mitchell; the screenplay is an adaptation by David Lindsay-Abaire of his 2006 play of the same name. Kidman produced the project via her company, Blossom Films. The film premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival in September 2010. Lionsgate distributed the film. The plot deals with a couple struggling to heal after the death of their young son. It received a limited release in the United States on December 17, 2010 and expanded nationwide on January 14, 2011. Kidman was critically acclaimed for her performance as Becca Corbett and received Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Actress. However, the film was a box office flop, grossing only $5.1 million against its $3 million budget.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "The Velveteen Rabbit", "paragraph_text": "The Velveteen Rabbit (or How Toys Become Real) is a British children's book written by Margery Williams (also known as Margery Williams Bianco) and illustrated by William Nicholson. It chronicles the story of a stuffed rabbit's desire to become real through the love of his owner. The book was first published in 1922 and has been republished many times since.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Teletubbies", "paragraph_text": "The programme takes place in a grassy, floral landscape populated by rabbits with bird calls audible in the background. The main shelter of the four Teletubbies is an earth house known as the ``Tubbytronic Superdome ''implanted in the ground and accessed through a hole at the top or an especially large semicircular door at the dome's foot. The creatures co-exist with a number of strange contraptions such as the Noo - noo, the group's anthropomorphic blue vacuum cleaner, and the Voice Trumpets. The show's colourful, psychedelic setting was designed specifically to appeal to the attention spans of infants and unlock different sections of the mind while also educating young children of transitions that can be expected in life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Copper", "paragraph_text": "Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for healthy growth in rabbits has been reported to be at least 3 ppm in the diet. However, higher concentrations of copper (100 ppm, 200 ppm, or 500 ppm) in the diet of rabbits may favorably influence feed conversion efficiency, growth rates, and carcass dressing percentages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Heartbeat in the Brain", "paragraph_text": "Heartbeat in the Brain is a 1970 documentary film produced and directed by Amanda Feilding, an advocate of trepanation. In the film, Feilding, a 27-year-old student at the time, drills a hole in her forehead with a dentist's drill. In the documentary, surgical scenes alternate with motion studies of Feilding's pet pigeon Birdie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "So\u0142tan argument", "paragraph_text": "The So\u0142tan argument is an astrophysical theory outlined in 1982 by Polish astronomer Andrzej So\u0142tan. It maintains that if quasars were powered by accretion onto a supermassive black hole, then such supermassive black holes must exist in our local universe as \"dead\" quasars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "White Rabbit", "paragraph_text": "The White Rabbit is a fictional character in Lewis Carroll's book \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\". He appears at the very beginning of the book, in chapter one, wearing a waistcoat, and muttering \"Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!\" Alice follows him down the rabbit hole into Wonderland. Alice encounters him again when he mistakes her for his housemaid Mary Ann and she becomes trapped in his house after growing too large. The Rabbit shows up again in the last few chapters, as a herald-like servant of the King and Queen of Hearts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)", "paragraph_text": "Decades later, during the production of Who Framed Roger Rabbit in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected Beauty and the Beast as a project for the satellite animation studio it had set up in London, England to work on Roger Rabbit. Richard Williams, who had directed the animated portions of Roger Rabbit, was approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his long - gestating project The Thief and the Cobbler. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, English animation director Richard Purdum, and work began under producer Don Hahn on a non-musical version of Beauty and the Beast set in 19th - century France. At the behest of Disney CEO Michael Eisner, Beauty and the Beast became the first Disney animated film to use a screenwriter. This was an unusual production move for an animated film, which is traditionally developed on storyboards rather than in scripted form. Linda Woolverton wrote the original draft of the story before storyboarding began, and worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Flemish Giant rabbit", "paragraph_text": "Flemish Giant Rabbits weigh 15 pounds on average, though the biggest ones can weigh up to 22 lb, and the longest one on record (in fact, holding the record for the longest rabbit in the world of any kind), measured about 4 feet 3 inches long.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Baby Buggy Bunny", "paragraph_text": "Baby Buggy Bunny is a \"Merrie Melodies\" animated short directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese, released in 1954. The story is about a dwarf gangster named \"Babyface\" Finster (based on gangster Baby Face Nelson) who, after a clever bank robbery, loses his ill-gotten gains down Bugs Bunny's rabbit hole, forcing him to don the disguise of an orphan baby to get it back.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Hacksaw", "paragraph_text": "The most common blade is the 12 inch or 300 mm length. Hacksaw blades have two holes near the ends for mounting them in the saw frame and the 12 inch / 300 mm dimension refers to the center to center distance between these mounting holes.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the spouse of the Rabbit Hole's producer?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 458131, "question": "Rabbit Hole >> producer", "answer": "Nicole Kidman", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}, {"id": 174974, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Keith Urban", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "Keith Urban", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2078}
{"id": "2hop__299142_347613", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "From European settlement in 1888, child convicts were occasionally sent to Australia where they were made to work. Child labour was not as excessive in Australia as in Britain. With a low population, agricultural productivity was higher and families did not face starvation as in established industrialised countries. Australia also did not have significant industry until the later part of the 20th century when child labour laws, and compulsory schooling had developed under the influence of Britain. From the 1870s Child labour was restricted by compulsorry schooling.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Miracle Child", "paragraph_text": "The Miracle Child (French: L'enfant du miracle) is a 1932 French science fiction film based on a play of the same name by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault. The plot of the film centers around a widow named Blanche Montel who endeavours to find a man with whom to produce a child so that she can pretend that the child was her late husband's and so inherit a fortune. In a scene which has been cited as particularly humorous, a few characters interrupt a Spiritualist s\u00e9ance and are subsequently believed to be ghosts. Ginette Leclerc's minor role in \"The Miracle Child\" was one of her first acting roles in a long and successful career.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "In 1999, ILO helped lead the Worst Forms Convention 182 (C182), which has so far been signed upon and domestically ratified by 151 countries including the United States. This international law prohibits worst forms of child labour, defined as all forms of slavery and slavery-like practices, such as child trafficking, debt bondage, and forced labour, including forced recruitment of children into armed conflict. The law also prohibits the use of a child for prostitution or the production of pornography, child labour in illicit activities such as drug production and trafficking; and in hazardous work. Both the Worst Forms Convention (C182) and the Minimum Age Convention (C138) are examples of international labour standards implemented through the ILO that deal with child labour.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5\u201314 working. Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer of child labour. Vast majority of child labour is found in rural settings and informal urban economy; children are predominantly employed by their parents, rather than factories. Poverty and lack of schools are considered as the primary cause of child labour.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sigrid Sture", "paragraph_text": "She was the daughter of Svante Stensson Sture and M\u00e4rta (\"king Martha\") Erikdotter Leijonhufvud, thereby the niece of queen Margaret Leijonhufvud and the granddaughter of regent Christina Gyllenstierna. She married to Ture Pedersson Bielke and became the mother of Svante Turesson Bielke. After the death of her husband in 1577, she succeeded him as royal governor of Stranda hundred. This was an unusual position for a person of her gender in 16th century Sweden, and one she kept until her death over 30 years later. She was, however, not allowed to rule formally, but was forced to appoint male proxies to officially rule in her place.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "A variety of Indian social scientists as well as the Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) have done extensive research on the numeric figures of child labour found in India and determined that India contributes to one-third of Asia\u2019s child labour and one-fourth of the world's child labour. Due to a large number of children being illegally employed, the Indian government began to take extensive actions to reduce the number of children working, and to focus on the importance of facilitating the proper growth and development of children.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "One-child policy", "paragraph_text": "The one - child policy, a part of the family planning policy, was a population planning policy of China. It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out in 2015. The policy allowed exceptions for many groups, including ethnic minorities. In 2007, 36% of China's population was subject to a strict one - child restriction, with an additional 53% being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl. Provincial governments imposed fines for violations, and the local and national governments created commissions to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Loekman Hakim", "paragraph_text": "Loekman Hakim was born in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, on December 30, 1975, to Eman Sulaeman and Iis Martini. Loekman is the third child of five siblings. His father was a teacher at SMP 5 Bandung. Loekman married Rika Nurhayati and have two child.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Blood Stain Child", "paragraph_text": "Blood Stain Child (stylised as BLOOD STAIN CHILD) is a Japanese heavy metal band from the city of Osaka. The band's musical style combines melodic death metal with electronic and trance. The band formed under the name \"Visionquest\" (stylised as \"VISIONQUEST\") in 1999, but changed their name to Blood Stain Child in 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Toddler", "paragraph_text": "A toddler is a child 12 to 36 months old. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word is derived from ``to toddle '', which means to walk unsteadily, like a child of this age.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Don't Wanna Fall in Love", "paragraph_text": "``Do n't Wanna Fall in Love ''Single by Jane Child from the album Jane Child Released February 10, 1990 (USA) April 11, 1990 (UK) Format CD single Recorded 1988 - 1989 Genre R&B, synthpop, new jack swing Length 4: 07 Label Warner Bros. Songwriter (s) Jane Child Producer (s) Jane Child Jane Child singles chronology`` Welcome to the Real World'' (1990) ``Do n't Wanna Fall in Love ''(1990)`` Welcome to the Real World (reissue)'' (1990) ``Welcome to the Real World ''(1990)`` Do n't Wanna Fall in Love'' (1990) ``Welcome to the Real World (reissue) ''(1990)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "One-child policy", "paragraph_text": "The one - child policy, a part of the family planning policy, was a population planning policy of China. It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out near the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. The policy was only enforced on Han Chinese and allowed exceptions for many groups, including ethnic minorities. In 2007, 36% of China's population was subject to a strict one - child restriction, with an additional 53% being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl. Provincial governments imposed fines for violations, and the local and national governments created commissions to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "Biggeri and Mehrotra have studied the macroeconomic factors that encourage child labour. They focus their study on five Asian nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. They suggest that child labour is a serious problem in all five, but it is not a new problem. Macroeconomic causes encouraged widespread child labour across the world, over most of human history. They suggest that the causes for child labour include both the demand and the supply side. While poverty and unavailability of good schools explain the child labour supply side, they suggest that the growth of low-paying informal economy rather than higher paying formal economy is amongst the causes of the demand side. Other scholars too suggest that inflexible labour market, sise of informal economy, inability of industries to scale up and lack of modern manufacturing technologies are major macroeconomic factors affecting demand and acceptability of child labour.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "National Insurance number", "paragraph_text": "People born and resident in the UK are assigned a Child Reference Number shortly after birth when a claim is made for Child Benefit. At age 15 years 9 months HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) notifies each child of their NI number.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations. Legislation across the world prohibit child labour. These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, family duties, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, some forms of child work common among indigenous American children, and others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Sigrid Eskilsdotter (Ban\u00e9r)", "paragraph_text": "Sigrid Eskilsdotter (Ban\u00e9r) (died 1527), was a Swedish noble, the mother of the Swedish regent Christina Gyllenstierna and the maternal grandmother of King Gustav Vasa of Sweden.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "Child labour accounts for 22% of the workforce in Asia, 32% in Africa, 17% in Latin America, 1% in the US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations. The proportion of child labourers varies greatly among countries and even regions inside those countries. Africa has the highest percentage of children aged 5\u201317 employed as child labour, and a total of over 65 million. Asia, with its larger population, has the largest number of children employed as child labour at about 114 million. Latin America and Caribbean region have lower overall population density, but at 14 million child labourers has high incidence rates too.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Children's Act, 2005", "paragraph_text": "The Children's Act, 2005 (Act No. 38 of 2005) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that consolidates and reforms the law on matters related to children. It deals with topics including the age of majority, paternity, custody, child support, guardianship, parenting plans, children's courts, circumcision, day care, child protection, foster care, group homes, adoption, surrogacy, child abduction, and trafficking of children.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "International Children's Peace Prize", "paragraph_text": "The International Children's Peace Prize is awarded annually to a child who has made a significant contribution to advocating children's rights and improving the situation of vulnerable children such as orphans, child labourers and children with HIV / AIDS.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Andy Barclay", "paragraph_text": "Andy Barclay Child's Play character Andy in Child's Play 2 First appearance Child's Play Created by Don Mancini Portrayed by Alex Vincent (1 - 2, 6 - 7) Justin Whalin (3) Information Full name Andrew William Barclay Gender Male Family Karen Barclay (mother) Mr. Barclay (deceased father) Michael Norris (stepfather) Kyle (foster sister) Phil Simpson (deceased foster father) Joanne Simpson (deceased foster mother) Nationality American", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the child of Sigrid Eskilsdotter's child?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 299142, "question": "Sigrid Eskilsdotter >> child", "answer": "Christina Gyllenstierna", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}, {"id": 347613, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Svante Stensson Sture", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "Svante Stensson Sture", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2128}
{"id": "2hop__528263_865831", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Taputapuatea", "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Moorea-Maiao", "paragraph_text": "Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Kimbrough Memorial Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Kimbrough Memorial Stadium is a stadium in Canyon, Texas. It is owned by Canyon Independent School District, and is primarily primarily used for American football. It is the home stadium for Canyon High School and Randall High School of Canyon Independent School District, and is the former home of West Texas A&M University. The stadium holds 20,000 people and was built in 1959. It was originally called Buffalo Bowl on Canyon Hill but was renamed Kimbrough Memorial Stadium in 1971 in honor of the late West Texas State University football coach and athletic director Frank Kimbrough.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Broken Bow Memorial Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Historic Broken Bow Memorial Stadium has served as the home of the Broken Bow Savages, since it was constructed in 1936 by the National Youth Administration, a part of the Works Progress Administration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pettai, Karaikal", "paragraph_text": "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Krasnovishersky District", "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Kiri Territory", "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality", "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Oblasts of the Soviet Union", "paragraph_text": "The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Texas\u2013Indian wars", "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Canyon, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Canyon is a city in, and the county seat of, Randall County, Texas, United States. The population was 13,303 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Amarillo, Texas, metropolitan statistical area. Canyon is the home of West Texas A&M University and Panhandle\u2013Plains Historical Museum, and the world-famous outdoor musical drama \"Texas\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles", "paragraph_text": "The 1940s would prove a tumultuous and ultimately triumphant decade for the young club. In 1940, the team moved from Philadelphia Municipal Stadium to Shibe Park. Lud Wray's half - interest in the team was purchased by Art Rooney, who had just sold the Pittsburgh Steelers to Alexis Thompson. Soon thereafter, Bell / Rooney and Thompson swapped franchises, but not teams. Bell / Rooney's entire Eagles' corporate organization, including most of the players, moved to Pittsburgh (The Steelers' corporate name remained ``Philadelphia Football Club, Inc. ''until 1945) and Thompson's Steelers moved to Philadelphia, leaving only the team nicknames in their original cities. Since NFL franchises are territorial rights distinct from individual corporate entities, the NFL does not consider this a franchise move and considers the current Philadelphia Eagles as a single unbroken entity from 1933. (1)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Pak Tam Chung", "paragraph_text": "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In which county is Kimbrough Memorial Stadium located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 528263, "question": "Kimbrough Memorial Stadium >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Canyon", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 865831, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Randall County", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Randall County", "answer_aliases": ["Randall County, Texas"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2254}
{"id": "2hop__569582_304416", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Something Personal", "paragraph_text": "Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Groovin' with Golson", "paragraph_text": "Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Shake Ya Ass", "paragraph_text": "``Shake Ya Ass ''Single by Mystikal from the album Let's Get Ready B - side`` Shake It Fast'' Released July 18, 2000 (2000 - 07 - 18) Format Vinyl, CD Recorded Master Sound Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) Genre Hip hop Length 4: 20 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Michael Tyler, Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo Producer (s) The Neptunes Mystikal singles chronology ``Live or Die ''(1999)`` Shake Ya Ass'' (2000) ``Danger (Been So Long) ''(2000)`` Live or Die'' (1999) ``Shake Ya Ass ''(2000)`` Danger (Been So Long)'' (2000)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Tijuana Jazz", "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Soundsigns", "paragraph_text": "Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Grant's First Stand", "paragraph_text": "Grant's First Stand is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances by Green recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1961. Earlier recordings made by Green for Blue Note were released as \"First Session\" in 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Roxy Recordings", "paragraph_text": "King Island Roxystars Recordings AB, more known as Roxy Recordings, or Roxy is an independent record label based in Kungsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden where their office is the former site of Cheiron Studios and its successor The Location. It was bought by Universal Music Group in August 2011. The label was formed in 2007 and is owned by Playground Music Scandinavia . The label is mostly active on the Swedish market, but with former signed artists such as Agnes Carlsson and Erik Hassle, they have made an international leap. Agnes was the first one out, selling almost one million copies of her international hit single \"Release Me\" in 2009 and being released under Roxy's licence in 35 countries. Erik Hassle was successful with his hit \"Hurtful\" in among others, the UK. Victor Finke, also known under his stage name DEEVA, had a successful streaming hit with \"Space Dance\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Almost Made Ya", "paragraph_text": "Almost Made Ya is an R&B song by American duo Ali & Gipp, for the debut album, \"Kinfolk\" (2007). The song samples Brandy's \"Almost Doesn't Count\". The song is about a relationship between a female and a male; LeToya sings that she is \"almost done\" with her man, that \"they\" need improve the relationship, while the men say about the situation they've been passing. The song leaked on April 13, 2007 and officially released (for commercial purposes) on Sunday, June 13, 2007. The song was written by LeToya Luckett, Jermaine Dupri, Ali Vaskabi-Waski-Jones, Cameron Gipp, Shelly Peiken and Guy Roche", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Three for Shepp", "paragraph_text": "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Foolin' Myself", "paragraph_text": "Foolin' Myself is an album of trio performances by the American jazz pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1988 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Kinfolk (album)", "paragraph_text": "Kinfolk is the debut and only album by American rap duo Ali & Gipp, released on August 14, 2007, through Derrty Entertainment and Universal Records. The first single off the album was already released, called \"Go 'Head\" featuring Chocolate Tai. The second single is \"N da Paint\" featuring Nelly. The third single is \"Work Dat, Twerk Dat\" featuring Murphy Lee. The fourth and final single is \"Almost Made Ya\" featuring LeToya Luckett.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Jazz Contemporary", "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth", "paragraph_text": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Main Attraction (album)", "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Crystal Kay", "paragraph_text": "After releasing her debut single \"Eternal Memories\" (1999) Crystal Kay gained fame for her third studio album, \"Almost Seventeen\" (2002), which debuted at number 2 on the Japanese Oricon charts. \"Almost Seventeen\" eventually sold over 400,000 copies and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. Crystal Kay, formerly signed to Epic Records, a sub-label of Sony Music Japan for 12 years, suddenly transferred to Delicious Deli Records, a sub-label of Universal Music Japan in 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)", "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm", "paragraph_text": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "It's What's Happenin'", "paragraph_text": "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Look What I Almost Stepped In...", "paragraph_text": "Look What I Almost Stepped In... is the eighth studio album by the southern California punk rock band The Vandals, released in 2000 by Nitro Records. It was the band's final album for Nitro, as they moved to their own label Kung Fu Records the following year. Between June and August 2001, the group performed on the Warped Tour. Much of the album is characterized by the pop-punk music and humorous lyrics for which the band is known.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Canadian Grenadier Guards Band", "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Grenadier Guards Band (sometimes referred to as His Majesty's Canadian Grenadier Guards Band) was a Canadian military band that was active for more than 60 years during the 20th century. In addition to performing for military events, the band had an active concert schedule which brought them to performance venues throughout North America. The group also made several recordings on a variety labels and appeared on numerous radio broadcasts in both Canada and the United States.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What record label is the performer of Almost Made Ya signed to?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 569582, "question": "Almost Made Ya >> performer", "answer": "Ali & Gipp", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 304416, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Derrty Entertainment", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "Derrty Entertainment", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1391}
{"id": "2hop__505860_650613", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades", "paragraph_text": "Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades, also referred to as PSAT, is a government institution of technical vocation education and training higher learning located in Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippines. PSAT is duly registered by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority. All PSAT programs are accredited by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hannibal (Leckie novel)", "paragraph_text": "Hannibal is a 1995 historical novel by Scottish writer Ross Leckie. The book relates the exploits of Hannibal's invasion of Rome beginning in 218 BC, narrated by the Carthaginian general in his retirement. It was the first of the \"Carthage\" trilogy, covering the Punic Wars. The novel received mixed reviews, mainly due to the extreme violence occasionally described in the narrative.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Clarice Starling", "paragraph_text": "In the film adaptation of The Silence of the Lambs, she was played by Jodie Foster, while in the film adaptation of Hannibal, she was played by Julianne Moore.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Comprehensive school", "paragraph_text": "In 1970 Margaret Thatcher became Secretary of State for Education of the new Conservative government. She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the process, and more comprehensive schools were established under Mrs Thatcher than any other education secretary.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "S. A. Kenner", "paragraph_text": "Scipio Africanus Kenner, usually known as S. A. Kenner (1852\u20131913) was an editor and politician in territorial and early statehood Utah.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Harley H. Christy", "paragraph_text": "Vice Admiral Harley Hannibal Christy (18 September 1870 \u2013 4 June 1950) served in the United States Navy during the Spanish\u2013American War and World War I.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Arthur Kroker", "paragraph_text": "Arthur Kroker (born 1945 in Red Rock, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian author, editor, educator and researcher of political science, technology and culture.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sempronia (sister of the Gracchi)", "paragraph_text": "Sempronia (170 BC \u2013 after 101 BC), was a Roman noblewoman living in the Middle and Late Roman Republic, who was most famous as the sister of the ill-fated Tiberius Gracchus (died 133 BC) and Gaius Gracchus (died 121 BC), and the wife of a Roman general Scipio Aemilianus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hannibal (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "Hannibal is a 2001 American psychological horror film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from the novel of the same name by Thomas Harris. It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award -- winning film The Silence of the Lambs in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the iconic serial killer, Hannibal Lecter. Julianne Moore co-stars, in the role first held by Jodie Foster, as FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Thomas Nabbes", "paragraph_text": "He was born in humble circumstances in Worcestershire, and educated at Exeter College, Oxford in 1621. He left the university without taking a degree, and in about 1630 began a career in London as a dramatist. He was employed at some point in the household of a nobleman near Worcester, and seems to have been of a convivial disposition. He had at least two children, Bridget and William, both of whom died within two years of his death, and were buried with him at St Giles in the Fields.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Gaspard Ulliel", "paragraph_text": "Gaspard Ulliel (; born 25 November 1984) is a French actor and model. He is best known for portraying serial killer Hannibal Lecter in \"Hannibal Rising\" (2007) and fashion mogul Yves Saint Laurent in the biopic \"Saint Laurent\" (2014), and for being the face of the Chanel men's fragrance, Bleu de Chanel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Hannibal (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Hannibal is an American psychological horror\u2013thriller television series developed by Bryan Fuller for NBC. The series is based on characters and elements appearing in Thomas Harris' novels \"Red Dragon\", \"Hannibal\" and \"Hannibal Rising\" with focus on the relationship between FBI special investigator Will Graham (Hugh Dancy) and Dr. Hannibal Lecter (Mads Mikkelsen), a forensic psychiatrist destined to become Graham's most cunning enemy and at the same time, the only person who can understand him.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Hannibal and Scipio", "paragraph_text": "Hannibal and Scipio is a Caroline era stage play, a classical tragedy written by Thomas Nabbes. The play was first performed in 1635 by Queen Henrietta's Men, and was first published in 1637. The first edition of the play contained a cast list of the original production, making the 1637 quarto an important information source on English Renaissance theatre.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Scipio Africanus", "paragraph_text": "In 211 BC, both Scipio's father, Publius Scipio, and uncle, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus, were killed at the Battle of the Upper Baetis in Spain against Hannibal's brother, Hasdrubal Barca. At the election of a new proconsul for the command of the new army which the Romans resolved to send to Hispania, Scipio was the only man brave enough to ask for this position, no other candidates wanting the responsibility, considering it a death sentence. In spite of his youth (25 years), his noble demeanour and enthusiastic language had made so great an impression that he was unanimously elected. In the year of Scipio's arrival (211 BC), all of Hispania south of the Ebro river was under Carthaginian control. Hannibal's brothers Hasdrubal and Mago, and Hasdrubal Gisco were the generals of the Carthaginian forces in Hispania, and Rome was aided by the inability of these three figures to act in concert. The Carthaginians were also preoccupied with revolts in Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Punica (poem)", "paragraph_text": "The Punica is a Latin epic poem in seventeen books in dactylic hexameter written by Silius Italicus (c. 28 \u2013 c. 103 AD) comprising some twelve thousand lines (12,202, to be exact, if one includes a probably spurious passage in book 8). It is the longest surviving Latin poem from antiquity. Its theme is the Second Punic War and the conflict between the two great generals Hannibal and Scipio Africanus. The poem was re-discovered in either 1416 or 1417 by the Italian humanist and scholar Poggio Bracciolini.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Red Dragon (2002 film)", "paragraph_text": "Red Dragon is a 2002 horror film based on the novel of the same title by Thomas Harris. Anthony Hopkins stars as psychiatrist and serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter. It is a prequel to The Silence of the Lambs (1991) and Hannibal (2001). The novel was originally adapted into the film Manhunter (1986).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Battle of Cissa", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Cissa was part of the Second Punic War. It was fought in the fall of 218 BC, near the Greek town of Tarraco in north-eastern Iberia. A Roman army under Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus defeated an outnumbered Carthaginian army under Hanno, thus gaining control of the territory north of the Ebro River that Hannibal had just subdued a few months prior in the summer of 218 BC. This was the first battle that the Romans had ever fought in Iberia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Madrasa", "paragraph_text": "The term \"Islamic education\" means education in the light of Islam itself, which is rooted in the teachings of the Quran - holy book of Muslims. Islamic education and Muslim education are not the same. Because Islamic education has epistemological integration which is founded on Tawhid - Oneness or monotheism. For details Read \"A Qur\u2019anic Methodology for Integrating Knowledge and Education: Implications for Malaysia\u2019s Islamic Education Strategy\" written Tareq M Zayed  and \"Knowledge of Shariah and Knowledge to Manage \u2018Self\u2019 and \u2018System\u2019: Integration of Islamic Epistemology with the Knowledge and Education\" authored by Tareq M Zayed", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "John \"Hannibal\" Smith", "paragraph_text": "Colonel John ``Hannibal ''Smith, played by George Peppard, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action - adventure television series The A-Team. The producers originally had James Coburn in mind to play the part of Hannibal, but it eventually ended up going to Peppard.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Hannibal Day", "paragraph_text": "Hannibal Day served as an officer in the regular army before and during the American Civil War, briefly commanding a brigade in the Army of the Potomac.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where was the author of Hannibal and Scipio educated at?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 505860, "question": "Hannibal and Scipio >> author", "answer": "Thomas Nabbes", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 650613, "question": "#1 >> educated at", "answer": "Exeter College", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}], "answer": "Exeter College", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1694}
{"id": "2hop__821197_368148", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Dunbar Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Alamnagar", "paragraph_text": "Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58\u00a0km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Khong Island", "paragraph_text": "Khong Island or Don Khong is the largest island and the seat of administration in the Si Phan Don riverine archipelago located in the Mekong River, Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative", "paragraph_text": "The Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative (SMECO) is an electric distribution cooperative which is headquartered in Hughesville, Maryland. SMECO serves approximately 161,000 customers in Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, and St. Mary's counties of southern Maryland. Under its rules as a nonprofit cooperative, SMECO passes on its costs to its customer-members without markup or profit.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Southern California Edison", "paragraph_text": "Southern California Edison (or SCE Corp), the largest subsidiary of Edison International, is the primary electricity supply company for much of Southern California, USA. It provides 14 million people with electricity across a service territory of approximately 50,000 square miles. However, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, San Diego Gas & Electric, Imperial Irrigation District, and some smaller municipal utilities serve substantial portions of the southern California territory. The northern part of the state is generally served by the Pacific Gas & Electric Company of San Francisco.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Menteng, Menteng", "paragraph_text": "Menteng is an administrative village in the Menteng district of Indonesia. It has a postal code of 10310. It is located on the southern area of the Menteng Project.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hylestad", "paragraph_text": "Hylestad is a former municipality in Aust-Agder county, Norway. The former municipality was located in the southern part of the present-day municipality of Valle in the traditional region of Setesdal. It existed from 1915 until its dissolution in 1962. The administrative centre was the village of Rysstad where the Hylestad Church was located.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hughesville, Maryland", "paragraph_text": "Hughesville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charles County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,197 at the 2010 census. Truman's Place was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kiri Territory", "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Pak Tam Chung", "paragraph_text": "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Campora", "paragraph_text": "Campora is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Salerno, Campania (southern Italy). It is located in the territory of Cilento and as of 2009 its population was of 810.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York", "paragraph_text": "The United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York is the United States bankruptcy court within the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The Southern District of New York is a major venue for bankruptcy, as it has jurisdiction over the corporate headquarters and major financial institutions located in Manhattan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ceres Nunataks", "paragraph_text": "The Ceres Nunataks () are a group of three nunataks located immediately east of the base of Shostakovich Peninsula in southern Alexander Island, Antarctica. They were mapped by the Directorate of Overseas Surveys from satellite imagery supplied by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Ceres, one of the asteroids lying between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Port Blair", "paragraph_text": "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Elk Ridge (Maryland)", "paragraph_text": "Elk Ridge is a mountain ridge of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Maryland. The ridge is located to the west of South Mountain and runs roughly parallel to it from Rohrersville, in the north, to the Potomac River across from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, in the south. Across the Potomac the ridge continues as Blue Ridge Mountain in Virginia and West Virginia. The southern end of the ridge, which is part of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, is known as Maryland Heights.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Poum", "paragraph_text": "Poum is a commune in the North Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The town of Poum (Latitude: 20\u00b0 13' 59\" south, longitude: 164\u00b0 1' 23\" east) is located in the far northwest, located on the southern part of Banare Bay, with Mouac Island just offshore.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Beryslav Raion", "paragraph_text": "Beryslav Raion (, ) is one of the 18 administrative raions (a \"district\") of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Beryslav. Its population was 55,976 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current population:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Pangi Territory", "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "WaterColor, Florida", "paragraph_text": "WaterColor is an unincorporated master-planned community located in Seagrove Beach on the Northwest Gulf Coast of Florida, United States near Destin. This Southern resort and residential community was planned by Cooper, Robertson & Partners, under the direction of The St. Joe Company. The St. Joe Company has owned the land since 1927. WaterColor is located in Walton County.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In which county is Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative headquartered?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 821197, "question": "Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative >> headquarters location", "answer": "Hughesville", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 368148, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Charles County", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "Charles County", "answer_aliases": ["Charles County, Maryland"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1327}
{"id": "2hop__554167_451128", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Josh LaBove", "paragraph_text": "Joshua Labove (born March 22, 1986 in Manhasset, New York) has often been credited in TV and film performances as a child actor in the late 1980s and 1990s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Amulya", "paragraph_text": "Amulya's first film in 2015, \"Khushi Khushiyagi\", saw her being paired opposite Ganesh for the third time. Critics praised her performance as Nandini; G. S. Kumar of \"The Times of India\" wrote, \"Shades of 'Shravani Subramanya' are visible in Amulya's role, who essays a stellar role...\" In \"Male\", she was cast in tomboyish role as Varsha, and was paired opposite Prem Kumar. In her second release of the year, a romance-drama, \"Ram-Leela\", she played Chandrakala, the sister of a don, and the love interest of Chiranjeevi Sarja. The film received mixed response from critics. In her first release of 2016, \"Maduveya Mamatheya Kareyole\", she portrayed \"a meaty character that allows to ride a Bullet\". As Kushi, she was paired opposite Suraj (played by Suraj Gowda), in the family drama-romance film, who she ends up marrying confronting certain familial issues and upon the wishes of their respective parents. \"The Times of India\" called her performance a \"versatile\" one.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Heavy Rain", "paragraph_text": "Heavy Rain is an interactive drama and action-adventure game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Sony Computer Entertainment, released for PlayStation 3 in February 2010. The game features four protagonists involved with the mystery of the Origami Killer, a serial murderer who uses extended periods of rainfall to drown his victims. The player interacts with the game by performing actions highlighted on screen related to motions on the controller, and in some cases, performing a series of quick time events. The player's decisions and actions during the game affect the narrative; the main characters can be killed, and certain actions may lead to alternative scenes and endings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lucilla Andrews", "paragraph_text": "Lucilla Matthew Andrews Crichton (born 20 November 1919 in Suez, Egypt \u2013 d. 3 October 2006 in Edinburgh, Scotland) was a British writer of 33 romance novels from 1954 to 1996, she signed as Lucilla Andrews specialised in hospital romances, and under the pen names Diana Gordon and Joanna Marcus published her first mystery romances.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Religion in ancient Rome", "paragraph_text": "Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio. The major prodigies included the spontaneous combustion of weapons, the apparent shrinking of the sun's disc, two moons in a daylit sky, a cosmic battle between sun and moon, a rain of red-hot stones, a bloody sweat on statues, and blood in fountains and on ears of corn: all were expiated by sacrifice of \"greater victims\". The minor prodigies were less warlike but equally unnatural; sheep become goats, a hen become a cock (and vice versa) \u2013 these were expiated with \"lesser victims\". The discovery of an androgynous four-year-old child was expiated by its drowning and the holy procession of 27 virgins to the temple of Juno Regina, singing a hymn to avert disaster: a lightning strike during the hymn rehearsals required further expiation. Religious restitution is proved only by Rome's victory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Official Story", "paragraph_text": "The film deals with the story of an upper middle class couple who lives in Buenos Aires with an illegally adopted child. The mother comes to realize that her daughter may be the child of a desaparecido, a victim of the forced disappearances that occurred during Argentina's last military dictatorship (1976 - 1983), which was marred by widespread human rights violations and a genocide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Norma K. Hemming", "paragraph_text": "Norma Kathleen Hemming (born September 1928 in Ilford, Essex, London, England \u2013 d. 4 July 1960 in Melbourne, Australia) was a British-Australian writer of science fiction and romance novels. She was Australia's first significant female science fiction writer. As N. K. Hemming published twenty stories in the 1950s, and also wrote and appeared in a series of plays that were performed at Australian science fiction conventions. Under the name Nerina Hilliard, she also wrote 8 romance novels for Mills & Boon. She is now commemorated by the Australian Science Fiction Foundation through the Norma K. Hemming Award, inaugurated at the World Science Fiction Convention in Melbourne in September 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Catalan language", "paragraph_text": "Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Wilson Phillips", "paragraph_text": "Wilson Phillips is an American vocal group consisting of Carnie Wilson, Wendy Wilson, and Chynna Phillips, the daughters, respectively, of Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys and of John and Michelle Phillips of The Mamas & the Papas.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mary's Boy Child", "paragraph_text": "\"Mary's Boy Child\" is a 1956 Christmas song, written by Jester Hairston. It is widely performed as a Christmas carol.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Infection", "paragraph_text": "One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus, for example, incapacitate their victims extremely quickly and kill them soon after. As a result, the victims of this disease do not have the opportunity to travel very far from the initial infection zone. Also, this virus must spread through skin lesions or permeable membranes such as the eye. Thus, the initial stage of Ebola is not very contagious since its victims experience only internal hemorrhaging. As a result of the above features, the spread of Ebola is very rapid and usually stays within a relatively confined geographical area. In contrast, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) kills its victims very slowly by attacking their immune system. As a result, many of its victims transmit the virus to other individuals before even realizing that they are carrying the disease. Also, the relatively low virulence allows its victims to travel long distances, increasing the likelihood of an epidemic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Catalan language", "paragraph_text": "The ascription of Catalan to the Occitano-Romance branch of Gallo-Romance languages is not shared by all linguists and philologists, particularly among Spanish ones, such as Ram\u00f3n Men\u00e9ndez Pidal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Second Hurricane", "paragraph_text": "The Second Hurricane is an opera in two acts by Aaron Copland to a libretto by Edwin Denby. Specifically written for school performances, it lasts just under an hour and premiered on April 21, 1937, at the Henry Street Settlement playhouse in New York City. Set in the United States in the 1930s, the opera tells the story of a group of high school students who become trapped on an island while working to rescue the victims of a hurricane.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Medical Center of the Rockies", "paragraph_text": "Medical Center of the Rockies, located in Loveland, Colorado, is the sister hospital of Poudre Valley Hospital in Fort Collins, Colorado. Both are operated by UCHealth. The hospital is home to a regional heart center where open heart surgery is performed; a regional neurosciences center that cares for victims of head and back injury, stroke, spinal cord and nervous system diseases, as well as several neurosurgical intensive care beds.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Jesse Bennett", "paragraph_text": "Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Victim of Romance", "paragraph_text": "Victim of Romance is singer and songwriter Michelle Phillips' first and only solo album, and was released in February 1977 (see 1977 in music). The record was unsuccessful and Phillips (previously with The Mamas & the Papas) then favored her acting career. The front cover photography was by Terry O'Neill.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "This Child", "paragraph_text": "This Child is the second album by Susan Aglukark, released in 1995. The album was Susan's commercial breakthrough in Canada, spawning chart hits with \"O Siem\" and \"Hina Na Ho (Celebration)\", and making Susan the first Inuk performer ever to have a Top 40 hit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Age of consent reform", "paragraph_text": "In June 2005, a bill was proposed before the General Assembly of Georgia (USA) to raise the age of consent from 16 to 18. The bill failed, however. The Georgia age of consent was 14 from the Progressive era until 1995, when a bill proposed by state Senator Steve Langford to make 16 the age of consent passed. In 2006, following the infamous case of Genarlow Wilson (Wilson v. State), aggravated child molestation was reduced to a misdemeanor with a maximum of one year in prison if the offender was under 19, the victim was either 14 or 15 years old, and the offender is no more than 48 months older than the victim. (Georgia penal code, 16 - 6 - 4). Previously aggravated child molestation (at any age) carried 10 -- 20 years imprisonment regardless of the age difference between the victim and offender.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Romance on Film, Romance on Broadway", "paragraph_text": "Romance on Film, Romance on Broadway is a 2000 album by American vocalist Michael Feinstein arranged by Alan Broadbent and John Oddo. It was Feinstein's third album for the Concord label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday lives as they grew into adulthood. Yet due to there being no clear definition of how to classify what a child or youth is, there has been little historical documentation of child labour during the colonial period. Due to this lack of documentation, it is hard to determine just how many children were used for what kinds of work before the nineteenth century. The first documentation of child labour in Brazil occurred during the time of indigenous societies and slave labour where it was found that children were forcibly working on tasks that exceeded their emotional and physical limits. Armando Dias, for example, died in November 1913 whilst still very young, a victim of an electric shock when entering the textile industry where he worked. Boys and girls were victims of industrial accidents on a daily basis.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the child of the Victim of Romance performer?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 554167, "question": "Victim of Romance >> performer", "answer": "Michelle Phillips", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}, {"id": 451128, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Chynna Phillips", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "Chynna Phillips", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2144}
{"id": "2hop__702496_430061", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Allison DuBois", "paragraph_text": "Allison DuBois (born January 24, 1972) is an American author and purported medium. DuBois has used her psychic abilities to assist U.S. law enforcement officials in solving crimes, forming the basis of the TV series Medium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Tim DuBois", "paragraph_text": "Tim DuBois (born May 4, 1948 in Southwest City, Missouri) is a Nashville, Tennessee-based music executive. He attended Oklahoma State University and received a B.A. and M.A. in Accounting and in 2016 he was awarded an honorary PHD in Accounting. He then entered into the music business and has taken part in multiple aspects of the industry including songwriting, record labels, management, and production. DuBois has been recognized for numerous honors and awards for his contributions to the music industry.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "British nationality law", "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dunbar Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Italian Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Palazzo Corner Spinelli", "paragraph_text": "The Palazzo Corner Spinelli is a palace in Venice, northern Italy, located on the Grand Canal, in the sestiere of San Marco. It stands across the canal from the Palazzo Querini Dubois.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Tanzania", "paragraph_text": "In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner\u2014who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury\u2014placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a \"run\" on the entities in the \"parallel\" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Dubois (surname)", "paragraph_text": "Dubois (also spelled DuBois or Du Bois, from the French \"of the woods/forest\") is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Southwest City, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Southwest City is a city in McDonald County, Missouri, United States. The population was 937 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town. It is part of the Fayetteville\u2013Springdale\u2013Rogers, AR-MO Metropolitan Statistical Area and is located in the southwestern corner of the state of Missouri.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "When I Call Your Name (Vince Gill song)", "paragraph_text": "``When I Call Your Name ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill. It was released in May 1990 as the third single and title track from the album When I Call Your Name. The song reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Gill and Tim DuBois. Patty Loveless performed backing vocals on the song. Session veteran Barry Beckett played piano on the track. The Common Linnets performed a cover of the song to celebrate 50 years of the CMA Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries", "paragraph_text": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Emp\u00faries or Emp\u00f2rion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Emp\u00faries moved to Castell\u00f3 d'Emp\u00faries place less exposed to attack.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What county was Tim Dubois born in?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 702496, "question": "Tim DuBois >> place of birth", "answer": "Southwest City", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}, {"id": 430061, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "McDonald County", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "McDonald County", "answer_aliases": ["McDonald County, Missouri"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2325}
{"id": "2hop__549146_223121", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "All Funked Up", "paragraph_text": "All Funked Up is the \"highly elusive on vinyl\" third album released by British rock/R&B band Snafu, on the Capitol label in 1975. The band featured keyboardist Brian Chatton, once with the Warriors of Jon Anderson, Flaming Youth with Phil Collins, and finally Jackson Heights with ex-the Nice Lee Jackson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Take It All Back", "paragraph_text": "``Take It All Back ''is a song written and recorded by American folk band Judah & the Lion, released as a single from their second studio album Folk Hop N 'Roll. It was released by the band's label, Cletus the Van Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "For You (Bruce Springsteen song)", "paragraph_text": "\"For You\" is a song written and recorded by Bruce Springsteen in 1972 for his debut album \"Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.\", released in 1973. It was later included on the compilation album \"The Essential Bruce Springsteen\". The song has been covered by Manfred Mann's Earth Band, The Format, and Greg Kihn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Golgoth 13", "paragraph_text": "Golgoth 13 were a French band, formed in 2000 in Bayonne (France) by S\u00e9bastien Lasserre (guitar) and Gr\u00e9gory Sentenac (organ). They were soon joined by Sylvain Aubert on scratches and sampling, and they records their first album \"Golgoth 13 et leur \"fantastic rod\u00e9o sound\"\" in August 2000. They were later joined by Herv\u00e9 Zwingelstein as a fourth member, on bass guitar. Following the recording of the band's second album \"Bruce Lee died in Galway\" in 2004, Gr\u00e9gory Sentenac is replaced by St\u00e9phane Paulini (organ), and later, St\u00e9phane Garin (organ, percussion). They separate in 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Big Swing Face", "paragraph_text": "Big Swing Face is the eighth album by American singer and pianist Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's first studio album with his touring band, the Noisemakers, and his last album for RCA Records .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Fist of Fury II", "paragraph_text": "Fist of Fury II (, a.k.a. Chinese Connection 2 and Fist of Fury Part II), is a 1977 Hong Kong kung fu film directed by Iksan Lahardi and Tso-nam Lee, and starring Bruce Li and Lo Lieh. It is the sequel to Bruce Lee\u2019s 1972's \"Fist of Fury\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "PIAS Recordings", "paragraph_text": "In 2000, the label moved from Brussels to London and was renamed [PIAS] Recordings. [PIAS] Recordings released the first two albums by Icelandic band Sigur R\u00f3s. The Scottish band Mogwai signed to PIAS in 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bruce Lee, My Brother", "paragraph_text": "Bruce Lee, My Brother (, also known in the United Kingdom as Young Bruce Lee) is a 2010 Hong Kong biographical martial arts drama film directed by Raymond Yip, and also written, produced and directed by Manfred Wong, and also storied, produced and narrated by Bruce Lee's real life younger brother Robert Lee. Starring Aarif Lee as Lee, Tony Leung Ka-fai and Christy Chung as Lee's parents, the film is based on the life of Bruce Lee in his teenage years to part of his adult years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "All the Years", "paragraph_text": "All the Years is a song that was recorded by the rock band Chicago, released on the 2008 album Stone of Sisyphus. It was written by Robert Lamm and studio session musician Bruce Gaitsch, the guitarist from the \"Night & Day Big Band\" album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Bruce Lee Band", "paragraph_text": "The Bruce Lee Band (or B. Lee Band) is the name given to the releases of Mike Park and his backing band which has so far included Less Than Jake and the Rx Bandits.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid", "paragraph_text": "Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid is the debut studio album by the American rock band Collective Soul. It was originally released on an indie label in Atlanta called Rising Storm Records in 1993. The track \"Shine\" gained the band attention thanks to college radio. They later signed on with Atlantic Records and the album was released on CD in 1994 under the Atlantic label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album)", "paragraph_text": "Levitate is the tenth studio album by Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's third studio album with his touring band, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, and was his first release with Verve Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "I Will Not Bow", "paragraph_text": "\"I Will Not Bow\" is the first single by American rock band Breaking Benjamin's 2009 album \"Dear Agony\". It was featured in the ending credits of the Bruce Willis film \"Surrogates\". The song was not written specifically for the film, but according to drummer Chad Szeliga, \"Ben sent a few songs to our record label, Hollywood Records,\" which is owned by Disney, who then decided they \"wanted a Breaking Benjamin song for this movie.\" The song was also being used heavily on MLB Network as lead-in and lead-out music during the 2010 MLB postseason.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Pink Cadillac (song)", "paragraph_text": "``Pink Cadillac ''Single by Bruce Springsteen A-side`` Dancing in the Dark'' Released May 3, 1984 (1984 - 05 - 03) Format 7 - inch single Recorded Genre Rock Length 3: 33 Label Columbia Songwriter (s) Bruce Springsteen Producer (s) Bruce Springsteen Jon Landau Chuck Plotkin Steven Van Zandt Bruce Springsteen singles chronology ``Fade Away ''(1981)`` Pink Cadillac'' (1984) ``Cover Me ''(1984)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Go Down Records", "paragraph_text": "Go Down Records is an independent record label based in Savignano sul Rubicone, Italy. It was founded by Leonardo Cola and Max Ear, also part of the Italian band OJM.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "I Write the Songs", "paragraph_text": "``I Write the Songs ''Single by David Cassidy from the album The Higher They Climb Released Format 7'' (45 rpm) Recorded Genre Pop Length 4: 07 Label RCA Records Songwriter (s) Bruce Johnston Producer (s) Bruce Johnston David Cassidy singles chronology`` Daydreamer ''(1973) ``I Write the Songs'' (1975)`` Darlin '''(1975)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Birth of the Dragon", "paragraph_text": "Philip Ng as Bruce Lee, founder of Jeet Kune Do. Xia Yu as Wong Jack Man, the Tai chi and Northern Shaolin Master who Bruce Lee fights. Jin Xing as Auntie Blossom, a gangster. Billy Magnussen as Steve McKee, Bruce Lee's student. Jingjing Qu as Xiulan, McKee's love interest. Simon Yin as Vinnie Wei Ron Yuan as Tony Yu", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Strange Little Girl", "paragraph_text": "\"Strange Little Girl\" by the Stranglers was released in the UK in 1982 as their last single while signed to Liberty Records (part of EMI). By the time of release, the band had already decided to leave the label for Epic Records, and this last single was part of the severance deal, along with the compilation album, \"The Collection 1977-1982\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Asian Man Records", "paragraph_text": "Asian Man Records is a DIY record label run by Mike Park in Monte Sereno, California. Park started a record label and began releasing music in 1989 under the name Dill Records, with the Asian Man label established May 1996.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Porno Graffitti", "paragraph_text": ", also known as , are a Japanese rock band from Onomichi (formerly Innoshima), Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The band got their name from the album \"Pornograffitti\" by the band Extreme. They currently record under the SME Records label, and their agency is Amuse, Inc..", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What record label did the person who is part of The Bruce Lee Band start?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 549146, "question": "The Bruce Lee Band >> has part", "answer": "Mike Park", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}, {"id": 223121, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Asian Man Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "Asian Man Records", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1487}
{"id": "2hop__647996_551681", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "(Miss)understood", "paragraph_text": "(Miss)understood is the seventh studio album by Japanese singer-songwriter Ayumi Hamasaki, released January 1, 2006 by Avex Trax. Hamasaki acted as the album's sole lyricist, as she had on all of her preceding albums. \"(Miss)understood\" marked new musical directions for Hamasaki: she explored new influences such as funk and used gospel choruses in some of the songs, foreign to her previous works. This was the result of her having heard compositions by Geo from Sweetbox and asking him for his works; subsequently, Hamasaki rewrote the lyrics to fit \"(Miss)understood\". Lyrically, the album was a departure from her previous work, \"My Story\", which had been primarily autobiographical.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Quran", "paragraph_text": "One of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is Sulami (d. 1021) without whose work the majority of very early Sufi commentaries would not have been preserved. Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir (\"Truths of Exegesis\") which is a compilation of commentaries of earlier Sufis. From the 11th century onwards several other works appear, including commentaries by Qushayri (d. 1074), Daylami (d. 1193), Shirazi (d. 1209) and Suhrawardi (d. 1234). These works include material from Sulami's books plus the author's contributions. Many works are written in Persian such as the works of Maybudi (d. 1135) kash al-asrar (\"the unveiling of the secrets\"). Rumi (d. 1273) wrote a vast amount of mystical poetry in his book Mathnawi. Rumi makes heavy use of the Quran in his poetry, a feature that is sometimes omitted in translations of Rumi's work. A large number of Quranic passages can be found in Mathnawi, which some consider a kind of Sufi interpretation of the Quran. Rumi's book is not exceptional for containing citations from and elaboration on the Quran, however, Rumi does mention Quran more frequently. Simnani (d. 1336) wrote two influential works of esoteric exegesis on the Quran. He reconciled notions of God's manifestation through and in the physical world with the sentiments of Sunni Islam. Comprehensive Sufi commentaries appear in the 18th century such as the work of Ismail Hakki Bursevi (d. 1725). His work ruh al-Bayan (the Spirit of Elucidation) is a voluminous exegesis. Written in Arabic, it combines the author's own ideas with those of his predecessors (notably Ibn Arabi and Ghazali), all woven together in Hafiz, a Persian poetry form.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pendennis", "paragraph_text": "The History of Pendennis: His Fortunes and Misfortunes, His Friends and His Greatest Enemy (1848\u201350) is a novel by the English author William Makepeace Thackeray. It is set in 19th-century England, particularly in London. The main hero is a young English gentleman Arthur Pendennis, who is born in the country and sets out for London to seek his place in life and society. The novel took two years for Thackeray to write and, in line with other Thackeray's works, most notably \"Vanity Fair\", it offers an insightful and satiric picture of human character and aristocratic society. The characters include the snobbish social hanger-on Major Pendennis and the tipsy Captain Costigan. Miss Amory and Sir Francis Clavering are somewhat reminiscent of Becky Sharp and Sir Pitt from \"Vanity Fair\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Prison Break", "paragraph_text": "The second season begins eight hours after the escape, focusing mainly on the eight escapees. Series creator Paul Scheuring describes the second season as \"The Fugitive times eight\" and likens it to the \"second half of The Great Escape.\" The fugitives split up and journey to locations across the country with the authorities close behind them as they each pursue their individual goals. Brad Bellick gets fired from the prison where he worked as the main guard and chases after the inmates himself for the reward money. Several of the escapees reunite in search of a large cache of money buried long ago by another Fox River inmate, Charles Westmoreland. Federal agent Alexander Mahone is assigned to track down and capture the eight fugitives, but is revealed to be working for The Company, which wants all eight men dead. When Sara discovers her father, Governor Frank Tancredi, has been killed, she meets with Michael, remaining with him as the brothers try to bring down now-President Reynolds, a Company member. To ensure the brothers' safety, Sara allows herself to be arrested and faces trial. During the trial, the testimony of former Secret Service agent Paul Kellerman, who used to work for The Company-controlled President, exonerates Lincoln and Sara. Half of the escapees are killed or recaptured, but the brothers make it to Panama. Michael, T-Bag, Mahone, and Bellick are arrested by the Panamanian authorities and imprisoned at the Penitenciar\u00eda Federal de Sona.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jason Sampson", "paragraph_text": "Jason Sampson (born February 21, 1982) is an American professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the flyweight division of Legacy FC. A professional competitor since 2009, Sampson has previously competed for Bellator and Shark Fights.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ivanhoe, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Ivanhoe is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sampson County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 311 at the 2000 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dean Sampson", "paragraph_text": "Dean Sampson (born 27 June 1967) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a , and spent his entire professional career at the Castleford Tigers. Sampson made over 400 appearances for Castleford between 1987 and 2005. He also represented England and Great Britain at international level, and was selected to go on the 1992 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pam Ferris", "paragraph_text": "Pamela E. Ferris (born 11 May 1948) is a British actress. She starred on television as Ma Larkin in The Darling Buds of May, and as Laura Thyme in Rosemary & Thyme, and has played parts in family films based on works by British authors, such as Miss Trunchbull in Matilda and as Aunt Marge in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, and most recently as Sister Evangelina in Call the Midwife.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jan Hendrik van den Berg", "paragraph_text": "Jan Hendrik van den Berg (June 11, 1914 \u2013 September 22, 2012) was a Dutch psychiatrist notable for his work in phenomenological psychotherapy (cf. phenomenology) and metabletics, or \"psychology of historical change.\" He is the author of numerous articles and books, including \"A different existence\" and \"The changing nature of man\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kill Rock Stars", "paragraph_text": "Kill Rock Stars is an independent record label founded in 1991 by Slim Moon and Tinuviel Sampson, and based in both Olympia, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. The label has released a variety of work in different genres, but was originally known for its commitment to underground punk rock bands and the Olympia area music scene.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "James Redfield", "paragraph_text": "James Redfield is an American author, lecturer, screenwriter and film producer. He is notable for his novel \"The Celestine Prophecy\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Little Miss Marker (1980 film)", "paragraph_text": "Little Miss Marker is a 1980 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Walter Bernstein, based on a short story by Damon Runyon. It stars Walter Matthau, Tony Curtis, Julie Andrews, Bob Newhart and new arrival Sara Stimson. It is a remake of the 1934 film of the same name starring Shirley Temple and Adolphe Menjou.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Sara Sidner", "paragraph_text": "Sara Sidner (born May 31, 1972) is an American journalist. She is a correspondent for CNN and CNN International based in Jerusalem starting August 2012, formerly in New Delhi. She currently works in CNN's Los Angeles bureau.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "N\u0259rimanabad, Lankaran", "paragraph_text": "N\u0259rimanabad (also, Narimanov, Sara, and Sara-Ostrov) is a village and municipality in the Lankaran Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 4,876. The municipality consists of the villages of N\u0259rimanabad and \u00dcz\u00fcm\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Miss Mousie's Blind Date", "paragraph_text": "Miss Mousie's Blind Date is a book by Canadian children's book author Tim Beiser, illustrated by Canadian painter Rachel Berman. It was published by Tundra Books in October 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Miss Sara Sampson", "paragraph_text": "Miss Sara Sampson (original spelling \"Mi\u00df Sara Sampson\") is a play by the Enlightenment philosopher, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Written in 1755 while the author was living in Potsdam, it is seen by many scholars to be one of the first bourgeois tragedies. In the same year it was represented at Frankfurt-on-the-Oder and was very well received. It was afterwards translated and acted in France, where it also met with success. The play was Lessing's first real success as a playwright and it was in part due to the success of this play that he was asked to be the dramaturg at the German National Theatre in Hamburg.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Glenda Goss", "paragraph_text": "Glenda Goss is an American author and music historian whose special interests are music and culture, early modernism, critical editing, and European-American points of cultural contact. Her most notable work has revolved around the life and works of the Finnish composer, Jean Sibelius.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Emilia Galotti", "paragraph_text": "Emilia Galotti is a play in five acts by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729\u20131781), which premiered on 8 March 1772 in Brunswick (\"Braunschweig\" in German). The work is a classic example of German \"b\u00fcrgerliches Trauerspiel\" (bourgeois tragedy). Other works in this category include Schiller's \"Kabale und Liebe\" and Hebbel's \"Maria Magdalene\". The story is based upon the Roman myth of Verginia.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Mary Ann Sampson", "paragraph_text": "Mary Ann Sampson is an American artist living and working in Ragland, Alabama. Sampson is a book artist, specializing in miniatures and broadsides most of which are \"uniques\" or \"one-of-a-kinds.\" She explores the book as a means of expressing visual ideas that stem from recollections of personal events and experiences that have been derived from living in her rural environment of Alabama.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Asima Chatterjee", "paragraph_text": "Asima Chatterjee (23 September 1917 \u2013 22 November 2006) was an Indian organic chemist noted for her work in the fields of organic chemistry and phytomedicine. Her most notable work includes research on vinca alkaloids, the development of anti-epileptic drugs, and development of anti-malarial drugs. She also authored a considerable volume of work on medicinal plants of the Indian subcontinent. She was the first woman to receive a Doctorate of Science from an Indian university.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is another notable work made by the author of Miss Sara Sampson?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 647996, "question": "Miss Sara Sampson >> author", "answer": "Gotthold Ephraim Lessing", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}, {"id": 551681, "question": "#1 >> notable work", "answer": "Emilia Galotti", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Emilia Galotti", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2241}
{"id": "2hop__673655_316668", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Radar (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Radar\" is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears for her fifth studio album, \"Blackout\" (2007). It was written and produced by Bloodshy & Avant and The Clutch, with additional writing from Henrik Jonback, as a record that did not relate to any of her personal problems at the time. The recording sessions took place the day after Spears filed for divorce from Kevin Federline, and members of The Clutch claimed to be surprised by her work ethic. \"Radar\" was originally planned to be released as the third single from \"Blackout\", but \"Break the Ice\" was chosen instead. The song was then planned as the fourth single, but the release was cancelled as Spears began recording her sixth studio album, \"Circus\" (2008). \"Radar\" was later included as a bonus track on \"Circus\", and released as the fourth and final single from the album on June 22, 2009 by Jive Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Kamryn Belle", "paragraph_text": "For the most part she was raised in the Netherlands, where she currently lives. Kamryn is the youngest of six children and comes from a musical family. Her dad was a singer in a band and her three brothers all played an instrument. When she was growing up Kamryn started singing more often and gained more experience. She now writes and records songs in her home studio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Horse", "paragraph_text": "\"The Horse\" is an American instrumental song by Cliff Nobles and Company. It was released as the B-side of the single \"Love is All Right\" and is simply an instrumental version of that song. It peaked at #2 on both the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart (in June 1968) and the US \"Billboard\" R&B chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Blitz", "paragraph_text": "The government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people\u2014mostly women and children\u2014from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transporting them were developed. A trial blackout was held on 10 August 1939, and when Germany invaded Poland on 1 September a blackout began at sunset. Lights would not be allowed after dark for almost six years, and the blackout became by far the most unpopular aspect of the war for civilians, more than rationing.:51,106 The relocation of the government and the civil service was also planned, but would only have occurred if necessary so as not to damage civilian morale.:33", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Northeast blackout of 2003", "paragraph_text": "The Northeast blackout of 2003 was a widespread power outage throughout parts of the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and the Canadian province of Ontario on Thursday, August 14, 2003, just after 4: 10 p.m. EDT.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Chapman Stick", "paragraph_text": "The Chapman Stick is an electric musical instrument devised by Emmett Chapman in the early 1970s. A member of the guitar family, the Chapman Stick usually has ten or twelve individually tuned strings and has been used on music recordings to play bass lines, melody lines, chords, or textures. Designed as a fully polyphonic chordal instrument, it can also cover several of these musical parts simultaneously.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Stars and Stripes Forever", "paragraph_text": "The Stars and Stripes Forever National march of the United States Lyrics John Philip Sousa, May 1897 (1897 - 05) Music John Philip Sousa, December 1896 (1896 - 12) Adopted 1987; 31 years ago (1987) Audio sample ``The Stars and Stripes Forever ''(instrumental) file help", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Transformers (film)", "paragraph_text": "In the present, Blackout attacks and destroys a United States military base in Qatar in a failed attempt to hack the military network to find information on Megatron and the AllSpark. A surviving team of Army Rangers led by Captain William Lennox escape across the desert, pursued by Blackout's drone Scorponok. They fight Scorponok off, aided by aerial reinforcements, and travel home with Scorponok's stinger, discovering sabot rounds damaged its armor. At the Pentagon, Secretary of Defense John Keller leads the investigation into the attack. Sound analyst Maggie Madsen catches another Decepticon, Frenzy, hacking into the military network while onboard Air Force One. While the hack is thwarted, Frenzy downloads files on Archibald's glasses, tracking down Sam with Barricade, disguised as a police car.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Miami Vice Theme", "paragraph_text": "``Miami Vice Theme ''is a musical piece composed and performed by Jan Hammer as the theme to the television series Miami Vice. It was first presented as part of the television broadcast of the show in September 1984, was released as a single in 1985, and peaked at the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100. It was the last instrumental to top the Hot 100 until 2013, when`` Harlem Shake'' by Baauer reached number one. It also peaked at number five in the UK and number four in Canada. In 1986, it won Grammy Awards for ``Best Instrumental Composition ''and`` Best Pop Instrumental Performance.'' This song, along with Glenn Frey's number two hit ``You Belong to the City '', put the Miami Vice soundtrack on the top of the US album chart for 11 weeks in 1985, making it the most successful TV soundtrack of all time until 2006, when Disney Channel's High School Musical beat its record.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Landkjenning", "paragraph_text": "Landkjenning () is the second full-length album by the Norwegian folk rock band Glittertind, released on May 27, 2009 through Napalm Records. All instruments and vocals were done by Torbj\u00f8rn Sandvik and Geirmund Simonsen except the following instruments handled by session members: Harding fiddle by Erlend Viken, flutes by Stefan Theofilakis and cello by Kaja Fjellberg Pettersen. The cover-artwork was done by Kris Verwimp and the cover-layout by Julien Riesen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Galactic Center", "paragraph_text": "Harlow Shapley stated in 1918 that the halo of globular clusters surrounding the Milky Way seemed to be centered on the star swarms in the constellation of Sagittarius, but the dark molecular clouds in the area blocked the view for optical astronomers. In the early 1940s Walter Baade at Mount Wilson Observatory took advantage of wartime blackout conditions in nearby Los Angeles to conduct a search for the center with the 100 inch Hooker Telescope. He found that near the star Alnasl (Gamma Sagittarii) there is a one - degree - wide void in the interstellar dust lanes, which provides a relatively clear view of the swarms of stars around the nucleus of our Milky Way Galaxy. This gap has been known as Baade's Window ever since.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Don't Worry, Be Happy", "paragraph_text": "``Do n't Worry, Be Happy ''is a popular worldwide hit song by musician Bobby McFerrin. Released in September 1988, it became the first a cappella song to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, a position it held for two weeks. The song's title is taken from a famous quotation by Meher Baba. The`` instruments'' in the a cappella song are entirely overdubbed voice parts and other sounds made by McFerrin, using no instruments at all; McFerrin also sings with an affected accent. The comedic original music video for the song stars McFerrin, Robin Williams, and Bill Irwin, and is somewhat shorter than the album version.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Blackout All-Stars", "paragraph_text": "The Blackout All-Stars was a one-off 1994 Latin supergroup consisting of Ray Barretto, Sheila E., Tito Puente, Tito Nieves, Paquito D'Rivera, Dave Valentin, Grover Washington, Jr., and Tony Pabon.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Dog Star Man", "paragraph_text": "Dog Star Man is a series of short experimental films, all directed by Stan Brakhage, featuring Jane Wodening. It was released during 1961 to 1964 and comprises a prelude and four parts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Phonograph record", "paragraph_text": "Contrary to popular belief, if placed properly and prepared-for, drums could be effectively used and heard on even the earliest jazz and military band recordings. The loudest instruments such as the drums and trumpets were positioned the farthest away from the collecting horn. Lillian Hardin Armstrong, a member of King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, which recorded at Gennett Records in 1923, remembered that at first Oliver and his young second trumpet, Louis Armstrong, stood next to each other and Oliver's horn could not be heard. \"They put Louis about fifteen feet over in the corner, looking all sad.\" For fading instrumental parts in and out while recording, some performers were placed on a moveable platform, which could draw the performer(s) nearer or further away as required.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Messiah (Handel)", "paragraph_text": "The three - part structure of the work approximates to that of Handel's three - act operas, with the ``parts ''subdivided by Jennens into`` scenes''. Each scene is a collection of individual numbers or ``movements ''which take the form of recitatives, arias and choruses. There are two instrumental numbers, the opening Sinfony in the style of a French overture, and the pastoral Pifa, often called the`` pastoral symphony'', at the mid-point of Part I.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Midnight Blue (Kenny Burrell album)", "paragraph_text": "Midnight Blue is a 1963 album by Jazz guitarist Kenny Burrell featuring Stanley Turrentine on tenor saxophone, Major Holley on double bass, Bill English on drums and Ray Barretto on conga, and is one of Burrell's best-known works for Blue Note. \"Jazz Improv\" magazine lists the album among its top five recommended recordings for Burrell, indicating that \"[i]f you need to know 'the Blue Note sound', here it is\". In 2005, NPR included the album in its \"Basic Jazz Library\", describing it as \"one of the great jazzy blues records\". The album has been re-issued by Blue Note and the French label Classics.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Fizeau\u2013Foucault apparatus", "paragraph_text": "Fizeau -- Foucault apparatus is a term sometimes used to refer to two types of instrument historically used to measure the speed of light. The conflation of the two instrument types arises in part because Hippolyte Fizeau and L\u00e9on Foucault had originally been friends and collaborators. They worked together on such projects as using the Daguerreotype process to take images of the Sun between 1843 and 1845 and characterizing absorption bands in the infrared spectrum of sunlight in 1847.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Don't Ask Me Why (Billy Joel song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Ask Me Why\" is a Billy Joel song released in 1980. The track contains all acoustic and Latin percussion instruments performing in an Afro-Cuban rhythmic style. An eclectic, instrumental \"Latin Ballroom\" piano solo, played over the bridge section after the second verse, is also featured in part of the song; Joel states that the mix for the midsection includes \"fifteen pianos overdubbed on top of each other.\" The song spent two weeks at number one on the Adult Contemporary chart and peaked at number nineteen on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "A cappella", "paragraph_text": "In addition to singing words, some a cappella singers also emulate instrumentation by reproducing instrumental sounds with their vocal cords and mouth. One of the earliest 20th century practitioners of this method were The Mills Brothers whose early recordings of the 1930s clearly stated on the label that all instrumentation was done vocally. More recently, \"Twilight Zone\" by 2 Unlimited was sung a cappella to the instrumentation on the comedy television series Tompkins Square. Another famous example of emulating instrumentation instead of singing the words is the theme song for The New Addams Family series on Fox Family Channel (now ABC Family). Groups such as Vocal Sampling and Undivided emulate Latin rhythms a cappella. In the 1960s, the Swingle Singers used their voices to emulate musical instruments to Baroque and Classical music. Vocal artist Bobby McFerrin is famous for his instrumental emulation. A cappella group Naturally Seven recreates entire songs using vocal tones for every instrument.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What instrument is played by the person from The Blackout All-Stars?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 673655, "question": "The Blackout All-Stars >> has part", "answer": "Ray Barretto", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 316668, "question": "#1 >> instrument", "answer": "conga", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "conga", "answer_aliases": ["Conga"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2434}
{"id": "2hop__574419_270105", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Port Blair", "paragraph_text": "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mountrail County Courthouse", "paragraph_text": "The Mountrail County Courthouse in Stanley, North Dakota was built in 1914 and served Mountrail County as its courthouse continuously since then. It was designed by architects Buechner & Orth in what can be termed Academic Revival architecture and/or Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978; a area was included in the listing.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Darial, Pakistan", "paragraph_text": "Darial is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33\u00b0 23' 35N 73\u00b0 19' 45E with an altitude of 494 metres (1624 feet).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bann Na Mohra", "paragraph_text": "Bann Na Mohra is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33\u00b0 27' 50N 73\u00b0 22' 10E with an altitude of 562 metres (1847 feet).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Union territory", "paragraph_text": "The Parliament of India can pass a law to amend the Constitution and provide a Legislature with elected Members and a Chief Minister for a Union Territory, as it has done for Delhi and Puducherry. In general, The President of India appoints an administrator or lieutenant - governor for each UT. There are seven union territories, including Chandigarh, the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Van Buren Township, Brown County, Indiana", "paragraph_text": "Van Buren Township is one of four townships in Brown County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,008 and it contained 941 housing units. The township includes the southern portion of Brown County State Park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mian Haji Sahib", "paragraph_text": "Mian Haji Sahib is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33\u00b0 22' 50N 73\u00b0 20' 40E with an altitude of 479 metres (1574 feet).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Van Hook Township, Mountrail County, North Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Van Hook Township is a township in Mountrail County in the U.S. state of North Dakota. At the time of the 2000 Census, its population was 42, and estimated to be 41 as of 2009.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rochester Community Schools (Michigan)", "paragraph_text": "Rochester Community Schools District serves Rochester, the majority of both Oakland Township, and Rochester Hills, as well as parts of Orion Township and Auburn Hills in northeast Oakland County and parts of Shelby Township and Washington Township in northwest Macomb County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. It currently has upwards of 14,500 students in 21 buildings, all located in Rochester Hills and Oakland Township, Michigan. The Administration Center is located in the city of Rochester.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Naas River", "paragraph_text": "The Naas River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Avoca, Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Avoca was a small town in Avoca Township, located in southeastern Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma Territory. The post office was established in 1894 and closed permanently in 1906.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 County", "paragraph_text": "Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (central Transylvania). Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 is the Hungarian name for the T\u00e2rnava Mic\u0103 River. The capital of the county was \"Dics\u0151szentm\u00e1rton\" (now T\u00e2rn\u0103veni).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Liberty Township, Van Wert County, Ohio", "paragraph_text": "Liberty Township is one of the twelve townships of Van Wert County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,696 people in the township, 912 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "McCormack, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "McCormack is an unorganized territory in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States; located near Hibbing and Balkan Township. The population was 237 at the 2000 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Beckwith, Ontario", "paragraph_text": "Beckwith is a township in eastern Ontario, Canada. It is located in Lanark County on the Mississippi River. It is located within Canada's National Capital Region.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta", "paragraph_text": "Pesanggrahan is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, one of the administrative city which forms the capital territory of Jakarta, Indonesia. The Pesanggrahan River flows along the eastern edge of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict. To the west of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict is Tangerang Regency, Banten Province.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government. In some contexts, the states are aggregated into six geopolitical zones: North West, North East, North Central, South East, South South, and South West.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the seat of the county where Van Hook Township is located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 574419, "question": "Van Hook Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Mountrail County", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 270105, "question": "#1 >> capital", "answer": "Stanley", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "Stanley", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1507}
{"id": "2hop__403712_793210", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Peter Baden-Powell, 2nd Baron Baden-Powell", "paragraph_text": "Arthur Robert Peter Baden-Powell, 2nd Baron Baden-Powell, FRSA (30 October 1913 \u2013 9 December 1962) was the son of Lieutenant-General Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting, and Olave St. Clair Soames. He was also the nephew of Agnes Baden-Powell, Baden Baden-Powell, and Warington Baden-Powell, and the grandson of the Rev. Baden Powell. Peter was named Arthur after his mother's brother, Robert after his father, and Peter after Peter Pan, a character in a play by James Barrie, of whom Peter's father, the first Lord Baden-Powell, was a great fan. Likewise, Peter Baden-Powell named his daughter Wendy after another character in the play.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent", "paragraph_text": "Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 130119 March 1330) was the sixth son of Edward I of England, and a younger half-brother of Edward II. Edward I had intended to make substantial grants of land to Edmund, but when the king died in 1307, Edward II failed to follow through on his father's intentions, much due to his favouritism towards Piers Gaveston. Edmund still remained loyal to his brother, and in 1321 he was created Earl of Kent. He played an important part in Edward's administration, acting both as diplomat and military commander, and in 1321\u201322 helped suppress a rebellion against the King.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Edward Malet", "paragraph_text": "Edward Malet came from a family of diplomats; his father was Sir Alexander Malet, British minister to W\u00fcrttemberg and later to the German Confederation. After three years at Eton College, Edward Malet entered the foreign service at the age of 17.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Father Brown, Detective", "paragraph_text": "Father Brown, Detective is a 1934 American mystery film directed by Edward Sedgwick and starring Walter Connolly, Paul Lukas and Gertrude Michael. It is based on the Father Brown story \"The Blue Cross\" by G.K. Chesterton, a story which also informed the 1954 film \"Father Brown\" with Alec Guinness and Peter Finch.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Martha Creek Provincial Park", "paragraph_text": "Martha Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the Lake Revelstoke Reservoir north of the city of Revelstoke.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Trevor Stamp, 3rd Baron Stamp", "paragraph_text": "He was the son of Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp. He succeeded his brother and father as Baron Stamp when they were killed during the war by German bombing. He was a member of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords but later became a cross-bencher.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Tom Baring", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Baring, known as \"Tom\", was the tenth child (fifth of second marriage) of Henry Baring of Cromer Hall, and younger full brother of Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke. Like his brother, Baring was involved in the family banking business, beginning his career in the Liverpool office of Barings Bank. He later moved to New York City to join Kidder Peabody. When, in 1890, Kidder Peabody split its dual Boston-New York firm, Baring became a partner in the separated New York firm. He and another Kidder-Peabody alumnus, George C. Magoun, formed Baring, Magoun. Both houses continued as North American agents for Barings.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers", "paragraph_text": "William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers (21 December 1468 \u2013 14 April 1524), also known as William Conyers of Hornby, was an English baron and aristocrat.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel", "paragraph_text": "He married Elizabeth le Despenser, daughter of Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer (Despenser), by Elizabeth Burghersh, daughter and heiress of Bartholomew de Burghersh, 2nd Baron Burghersh. They had:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "England in the Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "Richard spent his reign focused on protecting his possessions in France and fighting in the Third Crusade; his brother, John, inherited England in 1199 but lost Normandy and most of Aquitaine after several years of war with France. John fought successive, increasingly expensive, campaigns in a bid to regain these possessions. John's efforts to raise revenues, combined with his fractious relationships with many of the English barons, led to confrontation in 1215, an attempt to restore peace through the signing of the Magna Carta, and finally the outbreak of the First Barons' War. John died having fought the rebel barons and their French backers to a stalemate, and royal power was re-established by barons loyal to the young Henry III. England's power structures remained unstable and the outbreak of the Second Barons' War in 1264 resulted in the king's capture by Simon de Montfort. Henry's son, Edward, defeated the rebel factions between 1265 and 1267, restoring his father to power.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Sir William Maule", "paragraph_text": "Sir William Maule was the eldest son of Sir Peter Maule and Christina de Valognes, Baron and Baroness of Panmure and Benvie. William succeeded as Baron in 1254 on his father's death. He was married to Ethana de Vallibus, daughter of John Vaux, Lord of Dirleton, and left one son, Henry Maule, who succeeded him as Baron.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford", "paragraph_text": "Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford (7 January 1535 \u2013 18 October 1603) was the second surviving son of Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford and Ursula Pole, the younger brother of Henry Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford. He served in Parliament for Stafford and succeeded his brother to the barony in 1566.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Edward Pellew, 3rd Viscount Exmouth", "paragraph_text": "Edward Pellew, 3rd Viscount Exmouth (14 February 1811 \u2013 11 February 1876), was a British peer who inherited the title of Viscount Exmouth from his father and held the title for 42 years. He was the grandson of Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Benjamin Stillingfleet", "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Stillingfleet was born in Wood Norton, Norfolk, in 1702 to Mary Ann and Edward Stillingfleet, a physician. He was one of four children, and the only son. His grandfather, a bishop, had died in 1699, but left no money to Benjamin's father as he disapproved of his father's opinions and his marriage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "The Painter's Honeymoon", "paragraph_text": "The Painter's Honeymoon is a painting by Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton, produced and currently housed at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Angel\u012bna Ku\u010dva\u013cska", "paragraph_text": "Angel\u012bna Ku\u010dva\u013cska was born on 6 December 1998 in Saldus, Latvia. Her father died when she was 12 years old. She is a student at Riga 1st secondary school.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "David Profumo", "paragraph_text": "Profumo was born in London, the son of former British government minister John Profumo and his wife, actress Valerie Hobson. The Profumo family is of Italian origin. David Profumo would have succeeded his father as 6th Baron Profumo in the nobility of the Kingdom of Sardinia, if the nobility of Italy had not been legally abolished after WW2. Like his father, he does not use this title.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Godfrey Baring", "paragraph_text": "A member of the influential Baring family, he was the son of Lieutenant-General Charles Baring, son of Henry Bingham Baring, son of Henry Baring, third son of Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet. His mother was Helen Graham, daughter of Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet. He was a lifelong resident of the Isle of Wight. He became involved in politics and public affairs at an early age: he was elected president of the Isle of Wight Liberal Union aged 23, was made a Justice of the Peace a year later and was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1897 at the age of 26. In 1898 he became chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council, a position he held for the rest of his life.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Father of the Nation", "paragraph_text": "In postcolonial Africa, \"father of the nation\" was a title used by many leaders both to refer to their role in the independence movement as a source of legitimacy, and to use paternalist symbolism as a source of continued popularity. On Joseph Stalin's seventieth birthday in 1949, he was bestowed with the title \"Father of Nations\" for his establishment of \"people's democracies\" in countries occupied by the USSR after World War II.The title \"Father of the Nation\" is sometimes politically contested. The 1972 Constitution of Bangladesh declared Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to be \"father of the nation\". The BNP government removed this in 2004, to the protests of the oppostition Awami League, led by Rahman's daughter Sheikh Hasina. A motion in the Parliament of Slovakia to proclaim controversial pre-war leader Andrej Hlinka \"father of the nation\" barely failed in September 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Edward Dannreuther", "paragraph_text": "Edward George Dannreuther (4 November 1844, Strasbourg \u2013 12 February 1905, Hastings) was a German pianist and writer on music, resident from 1863 in England. His father had crossed the Atlantic, moving to Cincinnati, and there established a piano manufacturing business. Young Edward, under pressure from his father to enter banking as a career, a prospect he found uncongenial, escaped to Leipzig in 1859.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the father of Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke's father?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 403712, "question": "Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke >> father", "answer": "Henry Baring", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}, {"id": 793210, "question": "#1 >> father", "answer": "Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1876}
{"id": "2hop__832795_350510", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Feist (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Leslie Feist (born 13 February 1976), known professionally as Feist, is a Canadian indie pop singer - songwriter and guitarist, performing both as a solo artist and as a member of the indie rock group Broken Social Scene.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees", "paragraph_text": "As of 2017, 22 performers have been inducted twice or more; fourteen have been recognized as a solo artist and with a band and seven have been inducted with two separate bands. Eric Clapton is the only one to be inducted three times: as a solo artist, with Cream and with The Yardbirds. Clyde McPhatter was the first to ever be inducted twice and is one of three artists to be inducted first as a solo artist and then as a member of a band, the other artists being Neil Young and Rod Stewart. Stephen Stills is the only artist to be inducted twice in the same year. Crosby, Stills & Nash, inducted in 1997, is the only band to see all of its inducted members be inducted with other acts: David Crosby with The Byrds in 1991, Stephen Stills with Buffalo Springfield in 1997, and Graham Nash with The Hollies in 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Le calife de Bagdad", "paragraph_text": "Le calife de Bagdad (\"The Caliph of Baghdad\") is an \"op\u00e9ra comique\" in one act by the French composer Fran\u00e7ois-Adrien Boieldieu with a libretto by Claude Godard d'Aucourt de Saint-Just. It was first performed at the Op\u00e9ra-Comique, Paris on 16 September 1800 and soon became highly popular throughout Europe. It was Boieldieu's first major triumph. One member of the audience who was less impressed was the noted composer Luigi Cherubini who reproached Boieldieu, \"Aren't you ashamed of such a great success, and doing so little to deserve it?\" Boieldieu immediately applied to Cherubini for lessons in compositional techniques.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Remember When: The Anthology", "paragraph_text": "Remember When: The Anthology is a DVD featuring a collection of live performances by Harry Chapin. It features commentary by his children Joshua and Jennifer, as well as his widow Sandy in between some performances. There are eleven performances by Harry, and one by his daughter, Jennifer (I Wonder What Would Happen to This World).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Unexploded", "paragraph_text": "Unexploded is the name of a one-man rock band as well as the alias of its singer-songwriter member. Founded in 2002, Unexploded was asked to perform at several festivals in 2004, but settled for releases on 2 compilations; one in Japan on Stargate Recordings Antenna Volume One in company with amongst others Bill Laswell.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Programme for International Student Assessment", "paragraph_text": "The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in member and non-member nations of 15 - year - old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading. It was first performed in 2000 and then repeated every three years. Its aim is to provide comparable data with a view to enabling countries to improve their education policies and outcomes. It measures problem solving and cognition in daily life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Take It to the Limit (Eagles song)", "paragraph_text": "The song was written by Eagles' members Randy Meisner, Don Henley and Glenn Frey. Meisner, who sang lead on it, says the song began as his solo composition. As it remained unfinished when time came for the One of These Nights album to be recorded, Henley and Frey assisted Meisner in completing it. Meisner's performance of the song was popular with the audience in Eagles' concerts, but disputes over his reluctance to perform it would also directly lead to Meisner's departure from the band.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Erin Pitt", "paragraph_text": "Pitt was born in Hamilton, Ontario, one of six siblings. She has two sisters and three brothers. She has attended the Hamilton Academy of Performing Arts, where she studies acting, singing and dancing, and has performed with the Hamilton City Ballet.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Be the One (album)", "paragraph_text": "Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Imaginary Cuckold", "paragraph_text": "Although Moli\u00e8re intended the play to be performed in one act without interruptions (as documented by La Grange in 1682), some 18th-century editors divided the play into three acts with the breaks coming after Scenes 6 and 17. The \"Imaginary Cuckold\" continues to be performed today in its original one-act version both in France and in other countries (often in translation). A performance of the play by the actors of the Com\u00e9die-Fran\u00e7aise with stage direction by Thierry Hancisse was broadcast on France 3 television in 2002 and released on DVD in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Heather Morgan", "paragraph_text": "Heather Morgan is an American actress and comedian. She was a cast member and writer on \"The Dana Carvey Show\", writing and performing such notable skits as Jenny and First Ladies as Dogs, the latter being called \"one of the two or three funniest things on the show\" by writer and producer Robert Smigel. Morgan wrote, produced and starred in the movie \"Bark!\" which was nominated for a Grand Jury Prize at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival. She is an alum of The Groundlings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Los Vendidos", "paragraph_text": "Los Vendidos (Spanish for The Sold Ones or The Sellouts) is a one-act play by Chicano playwright Luis Valdez, a founding member of El Teatro Campesino. He wrote it in 1967, and it was first performed at the Brown Beret junta in Elysian Park, East Los Angeles. The play examines stereotypes of Latinos in California and how they are treated by local, state, and federal governments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Pittsburgh Youth Symphony Orchestra", "paragraph_text": "The Pittsburgh Youth Symphony Orchestra is one of the oldest youth orchestra programs in the United States, having performed its first concert under the direction of Stanley H. Levin in 1945 at Carnegie Music Hall in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, PA. The idea of an independent youth orchestra in Pittsburgh originated with the student musicians that participated in the Music Festival of the In-and-About Pittsburgh Music Educators Club. It is most often represented by its initials, PYSO, affectionately pronounced \u201cPie-So\u201d by members, alumni and supporters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "I Won't Let You Down (OK Go song)", "paragraph_text": "``I Wo n't Let You Down ''is a single by American rock band OK Go that was released as a single in December 8, 2014 and is part of their album Hungry Ghosts. The video for the song was released on October 27, 2014. Like many of the band's past videos, the video is a one shot take recorded in double time showing the band members and several hundred dancers on personal transportation devices performing intricate choreographed routines while filmed by a camera on a multirotor aerial drone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Debabrata Das", "paragraph_text": "Debabrata Das is a cricketer who plays domestic cricket for Bengal and the IPL franchise Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR). Das first came to prominence as the member of the Indian Under-19 team in 2005. One of the older members of the Indian U19 World Cup squad which was defeated by Pakistan in the 2006 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup final, this right-handed batsman only broke into the team during the Afro-Asia U19 Cup in November 2005. He obviously did enough to impress the selectors as he played in every match and scored 156 runs in his six innings to date. However, he was unable to make the transition to the senior national team despite good performances for Bengal in the domestic one-day competition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps", "paragraph_text": "The United States Army Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps is one of four premier musical organizations of the United States Army. Members perform using musical instruments and wearing uniforms similar to those used by military musicians of the Continental Army during the American Revolution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Infruset", "paragraph_text": "On October 28, 2012, the first public performance of \"Infruset\" was celebrated as cinema event with broadcasts in cinemas and theaters in Sweden, Germany and Switzerland. The premiere consisted of two parts \u2013 a biography of Gustaf Fr\u00f6ding and interviews with band members, and the live performance of the new songs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Jackie Jackson (album)", "paragraph_text": "Jackie Jackson is the self-titled debut album from Jackie Jackson, the eldest member of The Jackson 5, released on Motown Records. It was arranged by Eddy Manson, Gene Page and The Corporation.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The Philadelphia Brass", "paragraph_text": "The Philadelphia Brass is a touring professional brass quintet based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Noted and acclaimed for its members' excellent musicianship and humorous dispositions, The Philadelphia Brass has performed in over 500 concerts, toured internationally as well as throughout the United States of America, and given numerous clinics and master classes. In addition to its status as a performing ensemble, The Philadelphia Brass is committed to public education; the group has coached musicians of all ages, and each member is a noted music educator.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Lee Eddy", "paragraph_text": "Lee Eddy is an American stage actress, comedian and writer. She was born in Shreveport, Louisiana where as a child she was a member of The Peter Pan Players. Eddy has appeared in the one-woman show \"LadeeLeroy\". Eddy regularly performs in Austin, Texas with the Salvage Vanguard Theater. She was well-reviewed when she appeared in an annual production of \"The Santaland Diaries\".", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What group was the performer of Be the One a member of?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 832795, "question": "Be the One >> performer", "answer": "Jackie Jackson", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 350510, "question": "#1 >> member of", "answer": "Jackson 5", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Jackson 5", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1882}
{"id": "2hop__744055_408817", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Bang Bang!", "paragraph_text": "Bang Bang! is a 2014 Indian action comedy film, directed by Siddharth Anand, written by Abbas Tyrewala and Sujoy Ghosh, and produced by Fox Star Studios. The film is an official remake of the 2010 Hollywood film \"Knight and Day\", and features Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif, in the lead roles performed by Tom Cruise and Cameron Diaz, respectively, in the original. The main antagonist of the film is Danny Denzongpa. The film was distributed and marketed by Fox Star Studios in collaboration with Fox International Productions worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bang Bang You're Dead (film)", "paragraph_text": "Bang Bang You're Dead is a 2002 American crime thriller drama film starring Tom Cavanagh and Ben Foster. It is based on the play of the same name by William Mastrosimone. The film was first screened publicly at the Seattle International Film Festival in June 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bang Bang Rock & Roll", "paragraph_text": "Bang Bang Rock & Roll is the debut studio album by British rock band Art Brut. It was re-released in 2006 with bonus CD.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kevin Sussman", "paragraph_text": "Kevin Sussman (born December 4, 1970) is an American actor. He is known for playing Stuart Bloom on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory and Walter on the ABC comedy - drama Ugly Betty. Starting with the sixth season of The Big Bang Theory, he was promoted to a series regular.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Un jour, un enfant", "paragraph_text": "\"Un jour, un enfant\" (\"A Day, a Child\") is one of four winning songs in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969, this one being sung in French by Frida Boccara representing France. The other three winners were Salom\u00e9 representing Spain with \"Vivo cantando\", Lulu representing the United Kingdom with \"Boom Bang-a-Bang\" and Lenny Kuhr representing the Netherlands with \"De troubadour\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Scott Aukerman", "paragraph_text": "Scott Aukerman (born July 2, 1970) is an American writer, actor, comedian, television personality, director, producer, and podcast host. Starting as a writer and performer in the later seasons of the sketch series \"Mr. Show\", Aukerman is best known as the host of the weekly comedy podcast \"Comedy Bang! Bang!\" as well as the IFC original television series of the same name. Aukerman is the co-creator of \"Between Two Ferns with Zach Galifianakis\" and co-founder of the Earwolf podcast network.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bang Bon District", "paragraph_text": "Bang Bon (Thai: \u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19, pronounced [b\u0101\u02d0\u014b b\u0254\u0304\u02d0n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang", "paragraph_text": "Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang: The Magical Car is a children's novel written by Ian Fleming for his son Caspar, with illustrations by John Burningham. It was initially published in three volumes, the first of which was released on 22 October 1964 by Jonathan Cape in London.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Eddie Argos", "paragraph_text": "Eddie Argos (born Kevin Macklin 25 October 1979) is the lead singer of English rock band Art Brut, and writer of comics.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dust on the Bottle", "paragraph_text": "``Dust on the Bottle ''Single by David Lee Murphy from the album Out with a Bang B - side`` Mama 'n Them'' Released August 7, 1995 Format Cassette single Recorded Genre Country, country rock Length 3: 44 Label MCA Songwriter (s) David Lee Murphy Producer (s) Tony Brown David Lee Murphy singles chronology ``Party Crowd ''(1995)`` Dust on the Bottle'' (1995) ``Out with a Bang ''(1995)`` Party Crowd'' (1995) ``Dust on the Bottle ''(1995)`` Out with a Bang'' (1995)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Cheatty Cheatty Bang Bang", "paragraph_text": "\"Cheatty Cheatty Bang Bang\" is the third episode of the second season of the American mystery television series \"Veronica Mars\", and the twenty-fifth episode overall. Written by Phil Klemmer and John Enbom and directed by John T. Kretchmer, the episode premiered on UPN on October 12, 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Han dynasty", "paragraph_text": "China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221\u2013206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title \"emperor\" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202\u2013195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Brown Eyed Girl", "paragraph_text": "\"Brown Eyed Girl\" is a song by Northern Irish singer and songwriter Van Morrison. Written by Morrison and recorded in March 1967 for Bang Records owner and producer Bert Berns, it was released as a single in June 1967 on the Bang label, peaking at number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It featured the Sweet Inspirations singing back-up vocals and is considered to be Van Morrison's signature song. \"Brown Eyed Girl\" has remained a staple on classic rock radio, and has been covered by hundreds of bands over the decades.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Bang Bang Kid", "paragraph_text": "Bang Bang Kid is a 1967 western film produced by Sidney W. Pink and starring Tom Bosley. The plot revolves around a madcap inventor who constructs a mechanical gunfighter to fight against a tyrannical crime lord.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang", "paragraph_text": "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is a 1968 British musical adventure fantasy film, directed by Ken Hughes and written by Roald Dahl and Hughes, loosely based on Ian Fleming's 1964 novel Chitty - Chitty - Bang - Bang: The Magical Car. The film stars Dick Van Dyke, Sally Ann Howes, Adrian Hall, Heather Ripley, Lionel Jeffries, James Robertson Justice, Robert Helpmann and Gert Fr\u00f6be.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Slap Bang with Ant & Dec", "paragraph_text": "Slap Bang with Ant & Dec was a short lived television programme that was shown in the United Kingdom on ITV in 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Wilber Morris", "paragraph_text": "Wilber Morris recorded widely, and performed with such musicians as Pharoah Sanders, Sonny Simmons, Alan Silva, Joe McPhee, Horace Tapscott, Butch Morris, Arthur Blythe, Charles Gayle, William Parker, and Billy Bang, Charles Tyler, Dennis Charles, Roy Campbell, Avram Fefer, Alfred 23 Harth, Borah Bergman and Rashied Ali.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Ban Sam Ruen", "paragraph_text": "Ban Sam Ruen (Thai: \u0e1a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19) is a village in the Nakhon Pa Mak subdistrict of Amphoe Bang Krathum District of Phitsanulok Province, Thailand.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Rama VII Bridge", "paragraph_text": "Rama VII Bridge () is a bridge over the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok and Nonthaburi, in Thailand, connecting the Bang Sue District and Bang Phlat District. The roadway is in a dual carriageway configuration, with 3 lanes in each direction. The bridge was named in honour of King Prajadhipok.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Bang Bang You're Dead (play)", "paragraph_text": "Bang Bang You're Dead is a one-act play written by William Mastrosimone, with the assistance Michael Fisher, Director of the Thurston High School Drama Department, Springfield, Oregon. In April 1999, less than a year after the Kinkel killings, Fisher and his high school cast debuted \"Bang Bang\"\u2014following months of negotiations with Thurston High's administrators, faculty, and parents\u2014in a Springfield theater, where it was deemed a success. The next day, the play was made available, free of charge, on the Internet, and according to Dramatics magazine, which is published by the Educational Theatre Association, it was the most-produced one-act play in high schools during the 1999-2000 school year. According to Mastrosimone, it \u201cis a drama to be performed by kids, for kids\u201d for free. The plot focuses on Josh, a high school student who murders his parents and five classmates. It is strongly based on the events surrounding Kip Kinkel's shootings of his parents on May 20, 1998, and 27 of his classmates at Thurston High School in Springfield, Oregon on May 21, 1998. As of October 2002, three years after its publication, the play had been performed over 15,000 times.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the lead singer of the band performing Bang Bang Rock & Roll?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 744055, "question": "Bang Bang Rock & Roll >> performer", "answer": "Art Brut", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 408817, "question": "#1 >> has part", "answer": "Eddie Argos", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "Eddie Argos", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1796}
{"id": "2hop__726717_610238", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Edita Mazurevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117", "paragraph_text": "Edita Mazurevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 (born 10 January 1996) is a track cyclist from Lithuania. She represented her nation at the 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Japan National Route 28", "paragraph_text": "National Route 28 is a national highway connecting Kobe and Tokushima in Japan. It is the only national highway that traverses through Awaji Island as the route uses ferries to connect the two cities of Naruto, Tokushima and Akashi, Hy\u014dgo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Norwegian County Road 13", "paragraph_text": "County Road 13 () runs between the village of Dragsvik in Balestrand municipality and the village of Moskog in F\u00f8rde municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. Until 2010 the long road was part of National Road 13 but administrative reforms passed this part of the road to the county. County Road 13 and a short section of County Road 55 are designated as one of eighteen National Tourist Routes in Norway. The road crosses the Gaularfjellet mountains.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "2006 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament", "paragraph_text": "National Semifinals National Championship Game AT4 LSU 45 OA2 UCLA 59 OA2 UCLA 57 MI3 Florida 73 MI3 Florida 73 WA11 George Mason 58", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Utah State Route 264", "paragraph_text": "State Route 264 is a state highway in central Utah that connects Sanpete County to Carbon County through Flat Canyon, Boulger Canyon, Upper Huntington Canyon, and Eccles Canyon. It is part of The Energy Loop, a National Scenic Byway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Super Bowl LIII", "paragraph_text": "CBS will broadcast Super Bowl LIII, as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ren\u00e9 Wenzel", "paragraph_text": "Ren\u00e9 Wenzel (born 20 April 1960, Copenhagen, Denmark) is a Danish cycle racing coach, working as a consultant. He is a former coach of USA Cycling's national junior team, Koege Cykel Ring in Denmark, and first cycling teacher at a sports college in Denmark, the Gentofte Studenter Kursus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Circus Time", "paragraph_text": "Circus Time was a variety program presented in the United States by television network ABC as part of its 1956-57 season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "N85 road (Ireland)", "paragraph_text": "The N85 road is a national secondary road in Ireland connecting Ennis and Ennistymon. The route connects to the M18 Ennis bypass and forms part of the Ennis outer ring road as the \"N85 Western Relief Road\". From Ennis the route continues in a north - west direction and terminates at the junction with the N67 at Ennistymon. It is located entirely in County Clare.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Great King", "paragraph_text": "The Great King () is a 1942 German drama film directed by Veit Harlan and starring Otto Geb\u00fchr. It depicts the life of Frederick the Great, who ruled Prussia from 1740 to 1786. It received the rare \"Film of the Nation\" distinction. It was part of a popular cycle of \"Prussian films\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Maunula", "paragraph_text": "Maunula (Finnish), M\u00e5nsas (Swedish) is a northwestern neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland. For the 1952 Summer Olympics, it hosted part of the road cycling events.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "N25 road (Ireland)", "paragraph_text": "The N25 road is a national primary road in Ireland, forming the route from Cork to Rosslare Europort via Waterford City. The road is part of the E30 European route and a short section is also part of the E01 European route. It forms part of the proposed Atlantic Corridor route.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "National Cycle Route 57", "paragraph_text": "National Cycle Route 57 is part of the United Kingdom's National Cycle Network. When complete, it will run west to east from Farmington, Gloucestershire near Northleach to Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "National Route A012 (Argentina)", "paragraph_text": "National Route A012 is a road in the southeast of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It has a semi-circular length centered on the city of Rosario, running as a long-length beltway. From the National Route 9 junction on km marker 278, in the town of Pueblo Esther, to the junction with National Route 11 on km marker 326 in the city of San Lorenzo it runs for all paved.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "National Cycle Network", "paragraph_text": "The National Cycle Network (NCN) is the national cycling route network of the United Kingdom, which was established to encourage cycling throughout Britain, as well as for the purposes of bicycle touring. It was created by the charity Sustrans who were aided by a \u00a342.5\u00a0million National Lottery grant. In 2017, the 16,575 mile network was used for over 786\u00a0million trips.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Arkansas Highway 242", "paragraph_text": "Arkansas Highway 242 (AR 242, Hwy. 242) is an east\u2013west state highway in Phillips County, Arkansas. The route of runs from Highway 44 near Helena-West Helena north through the city and through the St. Francis National Forest to Highway 1 near Lexa. A segment of the route is part of the Mississippi River Trail, essentially a bicycle-friendly version of the Great River Road.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Week", "paragraph_text": "A week is a time unit equal to seven days. It is the standard time period used for cycles of rest days in most parts of the world, mostly alongside -- although not strictly part of -- the Gregorian calendar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Julien Dubuque Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Julien Dubuque Bridge crosses the Mississippi River. It joins the cities of Dubuque, Iowa, and East Dubuque, Illinois. The bridge is part of U.S. Route 20 route. It is one of two automobile bridges over the Mississippi in the area (the Dubuque\u2013Wisconsin Bridge three miles (5\u00a0km) north links Dubuque with Wisconsin), and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "2008 Tour of Qatar", "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Tour of Qatar was held from 27 January to 1 February 2008 in Qatar. It is a multiple stage road cycling race that took part over six stages with a total of 712.5 kilometres and is part of the 2007\u20132008 UCI Asia Tour.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Wrestling at the 1984 Summer Olympics \u2013 Men's Greco-Roman 57 kg", "paragraph_text": "The Men's Greco-Roman 57\u00a0kg at the 1984 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, California.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the network which National Cycle Route 57 is part of an example of?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 726717, "question": "National Cycle Route 57 >> part of", "answer": "National Cycle Network", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 610238, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "national cycling route network", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "national cycling route network", "answer_aliases": ["National cycling route network"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1191}
{"id": "2hop__499577_617190", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lee Eddy", "paragraph_text": "Lee Eddy is an American stage actress, comedian and writer. She was born in Shreveport, Louisiana where as a child she was a member of The Peter Pan Players. Eddy has appeared in the one-woman show \"LadeeLeroy\". Eddy regularly performs in Austin, Texas with the Salvage Vanguard Theater. She was well-reviewed when she appeared in an annual production of \"The Santaland Diaries\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Amundsen Icefall", "paragraph_text": "Amundsen Icefall () is a steep and turbulent icefall where the Axel Heiberg Glacier descends from the polar plateau between Mount Fridtjof Nansen and Mount Don Pedro Christophersen, in the Queen Maud Mountains of Antarctica. Named by the Southern Party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1961\u201362) for Captain Roald Amundsen, who ascended Axel Heiberg Glacier en route to the South Pole in 1911.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "A Little Bit of Love (Andreas Johnson song)", "paragraph_text": "\"A Little Bit of Love\" is a song written by Andreas Johnson and Peter Kvint, and performed by Andreas Johnson at Melodifestivalen 2007. The song participated in the semifinale in G\u00e4vle on 24 February 2007, heading directly to the finals inside the Stockholm Globe Arena on 10 March 2007, finishing second. On 5 March 2007 the single was released. The single peaked at third position at the Swedish singles chart, and became a major radio hit both at Sveriges Radio and the commercial stadions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Eetookashoo Bay", "paragraph_text": "Eetookashoo Bay is a waterway in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located at the northern end of Axel Heiberg Island between Cape Thomas Hubbard and Cape Stallworthy. The bay is named in honor of Eetookashoo (\"Itukassuk\"), one of the Inuit who had traveled with Frederick Cook and Donald Baxter MacMillan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Andr\u00e9 Duchesne", "paragraph_text": "Andr\u00e9 Duchesne (; sometimes spelled \"Du Chesne\", Latinized \"Andreas Chesneus\", \"Andreas Quercetanus\", or \"Andreas Querneus\"; May 1584May 30, 1640) was a French geographer and historian, generally styled the father of French history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Peter Blum", "paragraph_text": "Peter Emil Julius Blum (born 4 May 1925, Trieste, Kingdom of Italy \u2013 died 5 December 1990, London, England, UK) was an Afrikaans poet. As a child, he emigrated to the Union of South Africa with his family. From an early age Blum was already able to speak several languages, including German and Italian.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Marshall Eriksen", "paragraph_text": "Marshall Eriksen How I Met Your Mother character Jason Segel in 2011 First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Jason Segel Information Gender Male Occupation Lawyer (2005 -- 2018), Judge (2018 --) Family Marvin Eriksen (father, deceased) Judy Eriksen (mother) Spouse (s) Lily Aldrin (2007 -- present) Children Marvin Waitforit Eriksen Daisy Eriksen Unnamed Third Child Nationality American", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hansen's problem", "paragraph_text": "Hansen's problem is a problem in planar surveying, named after the astronomer Peter Andreas Hansen (1795\u20131874), who worked on the geodetic survey of Denmark. There are two known points \"A\" and \"B\", and two unknown points \"P\" and \"P\". From \"P\" and \"P\" an observer measures the angles made by the lines of sight to each of the other three points. The problem is to find the positions of \"P\" and \"P\". See figure; the angles measured are\u00a0(\"\u03b1\",\u00a0\"\u03b2\",\u00a0\"\u03b1\",\u00a0\"\u03b2\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Villa Foscari", "paragraph_text": "Villa Foscari is a patrician villa in Mira, near Venice, northern Italy, designed by the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. It is also known as \"La Malcontenta\", a nickname which it received when the spouse of one of the Foscaris was locked up in the house because she allegedly didn't live up to her conjugal duty.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Margareta von Ascheberg", "paragraph_text": "Margareta von Ascheberg was the youngest child of Field Marshal Rutger von Ascheberg and Magdalena Eleonora Busseck. On 26 January 1691, she married colonel count Kjell Christopher Barnekow (d. 1700) in Malm\u00f6. As was the custom of the Swedish nobility as that time, she kept her name after marriage and style herself \u00bbGrevinnan Ascheberg\u00bb (Countess Ascheberg). The couple had four children. She accompanied her spouse on his military commissions: she gave birth to their youngest sons during the Bombardment of Brussels in 1695.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fianc\u00e9) Nationality American", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "The Crisis and a Crisis in the Life of an Actress", "paragraph_text": "The actress in question is Johanne Luise Heiberg, the wife of Johan Ludvig Heiberg, although she is not mentioned by name in the articles. Johanne Luise was a popular and leading lady of the Danish stage at the time and she had written an autobiographical reflection of her life, in which she praised Kierkegaard for his insight into her art.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Peter Shockey", "paragraph_text": "Peter Shockey is an American filmmaker and screenwriter. He has received a New York City Film Festival award for his television film \"Life After Life\" (1992). In addition, both he and his works have appeared on talk shows and television shows such as Oprah and the 700 Club. Peter co-wrote the book \"Journey of Light\" with Stowe D. Shockey and its focus is to implement her experience as an abused child in order to help others. Peter and Stowe both live in Nashville, Tennessee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Cooper Glacier", "paragraph_text": "The Cooper Glacier () is a tributary glacier, long, flowing northeast between Butchers Spur and the Quarles Range to enter the south side of Axel Heiberg Glacier, in the Queen Maud Mountains. It was discovered by R. Admiral Byrd on several plane flights to the Queen Maud Mountains in November 1929, and named by him for Kent Cooper, an official of the Associated Press.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Peter Ostrum", "paragraph_text": "Peter Gardner Ostrum (/ \u02c8o\u028astr\u0259m /; born November 1957) is an American veterinarian and former child actor whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Peter Mor\u00e9n", "paragraph_text": "Peter Andreas Mor\u00e9n (born 5 May 1976 in Mora, Sweden) is a Swedish musician. He is the guitarist and vocalist of the indie rock trio Peter Bjorn and John. He is also a founding member of the Stockholm-based artist collective INGRID.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Johan Ludvig Heiberg (poet)", "paragraph_text": "Johan Ludvig Heiberg (14 December 1791\u00a0\u2013 25 August 1860), Danish poet, playwright, literary critic, literary historian son of the political writer Peter Andreas Heiberg (1758\u20131841), and of the novelist, afterwards the Baroness Gyllembourg-Ehrensv\u00e4rd, was born in Copenhagen. He promoted Hegelian philosophy and introduced vaudeville to Denmark.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Tyrion Lannister", "paragraph_text": "Tyrion Lannister A Song of Ice and Fire character Game of Thrones character Peter Dinklage as Tyrion on Game of Thrones First appearance Novel: A Game of Thrones (1996) Television: ``Winter Is Coming ''(2011) Video game:`` Iron From Ice'' (2014) Created by George R.R. Martin Portrayed by Peter Dinklage (Game of Thrones) Voiced by Peter Dinklage (video game) Information Aliases The Imp The Halfman Yollo Hugor Hill Gender Male Title Hand of the King Master of Coin Lord of Casterly Rock (claimant) Hand of the Queen (TV series) Family House Lannister Spouse (s) Tysha (annulled) Sansa Stark (unconsummated) Significant other (s) Shae Relatives Tywin Lannister (father) Joanna Lannister (mother) Cersei Lannister (sister) Jaime Lannister (brother) Joffrey Baratheon (nephew) Myrcella Baratheon (niece) Tommen Baratheon (nephew) Kevan Lannister (uncle) Lancel Lannister (cousin) Kingdom The Westerlands The Crownlands", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Peter Ostrum", "paragraph_text": "Peter Gardner Ostrum (/ \u02c8pi\u02d0t\u0259r \u02c8o\u028astr\u0259m /; born November 1957) is an American veterinarian and former child actor whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Hotel Berlin", "paragraph_text": "Hotel Berlin is a drama film set in Berlin near the close of World War II, made by Warner Bros. in late 1944 to early 1945. Directed by Peter Godfrey, it stars Faye Emerson, Helmut Dantine, Raymond Massey and Andrea King. It is based on the novel \"Hotel Berlin '43\" by Vicki Baum (New York, 1944), a sequel to \"Menschen im Hotel\", which was itself adapted to film as \"Grand Hotel\" (1932).", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the spouse of the child of Peter Andreas Heiberg?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 499577, "question": "Peter Andreas Heiberg >> child", "answer": "Johan Ludvig Heiberg", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}, {"id": 617190, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Johanne Luise Heiberg", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}], "answer": "Johanne Luise Heiberg", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1948}
{"id": "2hop__685280_510757", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ragnar S\u00f8egaard", "paragraph_text": "Ragnar S\u00f8egaard is chairman of Ruter, the public transport authority for Oslo and Akershus, Norway. Together with S\u00f8egaard, the Ruter council consist of 7 council members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Nikola Radonja", "paragraph_text": "Nikola Radonja () or Nikola Radonja Brankovi\u0107 or Gerasim or Roman, (c. 1330\u20131399) was a 14th-century Serbian nobleman and chronicler, a member of the Brankovi\u0107 dynasty as the eldest son of Branko Mladenovi\u0107. He is remembered as the author of \"Gerasim's Chronicle.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "F. A. Forbes", "paragraph_text": "F. A. Forbes (16 March 1869 \u2013 1936) was the \"nom de plume\" of Mother Frances Alice Monica Forbes, RSCJ, a member of the Society of the Sacred Heart from Scotland and a religious author.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jean Terrasson", "paragraph_text": "Jean Terrasson (31 January 1670 \u2013 15 September 1750), often referred to as the Abb\u00e9 Terrasson, was a French priest, author and member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise. The erudite Antoine Terrasson was his nephew.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Biplab Dasgupta", "paragraph_text": "Biplab Dasgupta (1938 \u2013 17 July 2005) was a Marxian economist, former member of Rajya Sabha and the Bengal state committee of the CPI(M). He was the author of several books on the agrarian economy of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Margaret H. George", "paragraph_text": "Margaret ('Peg') Hewitt George (born 1928) is an American author and former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jean-Michel Boucheron (Charente politician)", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Michel Boucheron (born December 15, 1946 in Angoul\u00eame, Charente) is a French politician, formerly a member of the National Assembly of France (1978-1988 mayor of Angoul\u00eame and briefly Secretary of State for Local Authorities. He represented a portion of the Charente department in the Assembly, and is a member of the Socialist Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Cork (city)", "paragraph_text": "While local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and a number of other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral wards. The members are affiliated to the following political parties: Fine Gael (5 members), Fianna F\u00e1il (10 members), Sinn F\u00e9in (8 members), Anti-Austerity Alliance (3 members), Workers' Party (1 member), Independents (4 members). Certain councillors are co-opted to represent the city at the South-West Regional Authority. A new Lord Mayor of Cork is chosen in a vote by the elected members of the council under a D'Hondt system count.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Ponsard", "paragraph_text": "Fran\u00e7ois Ponsard (1 June 1814 \u2013 7 July 1867), was a French dramatist, poet and author and was a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hector Bianciotti", "paragraph_text": "Hector Bianciotti (; 18 March 1930 \u2013 12 June 2012) was an Argentine-born French author and member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "European Central Bank", "paragraph_text": "The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB\u2019s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's Executive Board) four ECB representatives and representatives of national supervisors. If the national supervisory authority designated by a Member State is not a national central bank (NCB), the representative of the competent authority can be accompanied by a representative from their NCB. In such cases, the representatives are together considered as one member for the purposes of the voting procedure.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "The Village of Waiting", "paragraph_text": "After serving with the Peace Corps in Togo in 1982\u20131983, George Packer wrote The Village of Waiting about his experiences there. The book chronicles Packer's time as an English teacher in the small village of Lavie (meaning \"wait a little longer\"), as well as his visits to the capital Lom\u00e9 and several other African countries. Packer mixes anecdotes about the people he met in Togo with political observations (notably harsh criticisms of Togolese President Gnassingbe Eyadema) and many of the lessons he learned while serving. In an afterword to the most recent (2001) edition, Packer follows up with many of the characters from the original version and reflects upon the changes Togo has experienced since his time there. Packer was an early termination from the Peace Corps, leaving Togo six months prior to the end of his contracted period of service. He chose not to mention this in the book.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Unwinding", "paragraph_text": "The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America is a 2013 non-fiction book by the American journalist George Packer. The book uses biographies of individual Americans as a means of discussing important forces in American history from 1978 to 2012, including the subprime mortgage crisis, the decline of American manufacturing, and the influence of money on politics. \"The Unwinding\" includes lengthy profiles of five subjects: a Youngstown, Ohio factory worker turned community organizer, a biodiesel entrepreneur from North Carolina, a Washington lobbyist and Congressional staffer, the Silicon Valley entrepreneur Peter Thiel, and people involved in the distressed housing market in Tampa, Florida. Interspersed with these longer accounts are ten briefer biographical sketches of famous Americans such as the rapper Jay-Z, the politician Newt Gingrich, and the restaurateur and food activist Alice Waters.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Barry Onouye", "paragraph_text": "Barry Onouye is a structural engineer, emeritus faculty member in the Department of Architecture at the University of Washington, and author of multiple textbooks on structural engineering and design.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Susan Evans McCloud", "paragraph_text": "Susan Evans McCloud (born July 28, 1945) is an American novelist, author, poet, hymnwriter, and member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay", "paragraph_text": "The PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay is awarded by the PEN American Center to an author for a book of original collected essays. The award was founded by PEN Member and author Barbaralee Diamonstein and Carl Spielvogel, former \"New York Times\" columnist, \"to preserve the dignity and esteem that the essay form imparts to literature.\" The winner receives a cash award of $10,000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Socialist Resistance of Kazakhstan", "paragraph_text": "Socialist Resistance of Kazakhstan was established by Kazakh members of the Committee for a Workers International in 2002, during a conference held in neighbouring Russia. From its inception it came under attack by authorities, with one member detained en route to the conference establishing the organisation, and others reporting being attacked as they gathered for the conference.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Claude Aveline", "paragraph_text": "Claude Aveline, pen name of Evgen Avtsine (19 July 1901\u00a0\u2013 4 November 1992), was a writer, publisher, editor, poet and member of the French Resistance. Aveline, who was born in Paris, France, has authored numerous books and writings throughout his writing career. He was known as a versatile author, writing novels, poems, screenplays, plays, articles, sayings, and more.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to interpret the constitution but its further appellate jurisdiction from lower courts is defined by law. The Irish Supreme Court consists of its presiding member, the Chief Justice, and seven other judges. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in accordance with the binding advice of the Government. The Supreme Court sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Scott Petri", "paragraph_text": "Scott Petri (born 1960) was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from the 178th Legislative District. He was the Chairman of House Urban Affairs and the House Ethics Committee. He also served as a member of the Liquor Control Committees. Petri currently serves as executive director of the Philadelphia Parking Authority.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "The Unwinding author volunteered for which organisation?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 685280, "question": "The Unwinding >> author", "answer": "George Packer", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 510757, "question": "#1 >> member of", "answer": "Peace Corps", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}], "answer": "Peace Corps", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1650}
{"id": "2hop__341305_332933", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 County", "paragraph_text": "Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (central Transylvania). Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 is the Hungarian name for the T\u00e2rnava Mic\u0103 River. The capital of the county was \"Dics\u0151szentm\u00e1rton\" (now T\u00e2rn\u0103veni).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sandasar", "paragraph_text": "Sandasar is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district and lies to the west of the district capital Mansehra.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government. In some contexts, the states are aggregated into six geopolitical zones: North West, North East, North Central, South East, South South, and South West.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Naas River", "paragraph_text": "The Naas River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Culberson County-Allamoore Independent School District", "paragraph_text": "Culberson County-Allamoore Independent School District is a public school district based in Van Horn, Texas (USA). The district serves all of Culberson County and eastern portions of Hudspeth County. The district was created in 1995 by the consolidation of the Culberson County and Allamore districts.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "MacDonald Airfield", "paragraph_text": "MacDonald Airfield was an airfield built alongside the former northern road, west of Stuart Highway, north of Pine Creek, Northern Territory, Australia during World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pine Springs, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Pine Springs is an unincorporated community in northern Culberson County, Texas, United States. It is the closest settlement to the headquarters of Guadalupe Mountains National Park, which contains Guadalupe Peak, the highest point in the state of Texas. Pine Springs is located on U.S. Routes 62 and 180. The last population read 51 residents.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Darial, Pakistan", "paragraph_text": "Darial is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33\u00b0 23' 35N 73\u00b0 19' 45E with an altitude of 494 metres (1624 feet).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mian Haji Sahib", "paragraph_text": "Mian Haji Sahib is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33\u00b0 22' 50N 73\u00b0 20' 40E with an altitude of 479 metres (1574 feet).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta", "paragraph_text": "Pesanggrahan is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, one of the administrative city which forms the capital territory of Jakarta, Indonesia. The Pesanggrahan River flows along the eastern edge of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict. To the west of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict is Tangerang Regency, Banten Province.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Phulrraa", "paragraph_text": "Phulrraa is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district and lies to the west of the district capital Mansehra.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Bann Na Mohra", "paragraph_text": "Bann Na Mohra is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33\u00b0 27' 50N 73\u00b0 22' 10E with an altitude of 562 metres (1847 feet).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Union territory", "paragraph_text": "The Parliament of India can pass a law to amend the Constitution and provide a Legislature with elected Members and a Chief Minister for a Union Territory, as it has done for Delhi and Puducherry. In general, The President of India appoints an administrator or lieutenant - governor for each UT. There are seven union territories, including Chandigarh, the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Port Blair", "paragraph_text": "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Pine Mountain State Resort Park", "paragraph_text": "Pine Mountain State Resort Park is a Kentucky state park located in Bell County, Kentucky, United States. The park opened in 1924 as Kentucky's first state park. Each spring, the park hosts the annual Kentucky Mountain Laurel Festival, as it has since 1933. A portion of the park is also a legally dedicated nature preserve by the Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Amamoor Forest Reserve", "paragraph_text": "The Amamoor State Forest and Forest Reserve is a riverine rainforest in the Gympie Region in Queensland, Australia. The forest is composed of subtropical vegetation dominated by stands of \"Melia azedarach\" (white cedar), \"Toona ciliata\" (red cedar), \"Araucaria cunninghamii\" (hoop pine) and \"A. bidwillii\" (Bunya pine). The Amamoor creek within the reserve is noted as a habitat for the platypus and several species of endangered frogs. The park station is located on Amamoor Creek Road about 180 kilometers north of the state capital of Brisbane and 20\u00a0kilometres southwest of the town of Gympie.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the capital of the county that Pine Springs is located in?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 341305, "question": "Pine Springs >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Culberson County", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}, {"id": 332933, "question": "#1 >> capital", "answer": "Van Horn", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "Van Horn", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1823}
{"id": "2hop__731228_609866", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Port Blair", "paragraph_text": "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Buckingham Palace", "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Palace (UK: / \u02c8b\u028ck\u026a\u014b\u0259m \u02c8p\u00e6l\u026as /) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ammerud", "paragraph_text": "Ammerud is a part of Grorud Borough in Oslo, Norway known for its large Le Corbusier style housing blocks. The borough administration is located here.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Pangi Territory", "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pegangsaan, Menteng", "paragraph_text": "Pegangsaan is an administrative village in the Menteng district of Indonesia. It has a postal code of 10320. This administrative village is also known as the location of the house where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Julia Irwin", "paragraph_text": "Julia Claire Irwin (born 8 November 1951), Australian politician, was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from October 1998 to July 2010, representing the Division of Fowler, New South Wales. Irwin was born in Sydney and was variously a bank officer, trade union administration officer and electorate officer before entering politics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Julia's House", "paragraph_text": "Julia's House is a children's hospice located in Corfe Mullen, Dorset, England. It is a hospice in Dorset for children with life-limiting conditions. The majority of the children who are cared for by Julia's House are unlikely to live beyond the age of 18. The hospice costs \u00a31.9 million to be maintained. Only 3% of this cost is provided by the government.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kiri Territory", "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mount Meigs Campus", "paragraph_text": "The Mount Meigs Campus is a juvenile corrections facility of the Alabama Department of Youth Services located in Mount Meigs, unincorporated Montgomery County; the campus serves as the agency's administrative headquarters. The campus, which can house 264 boys, is next to Interstate 85 North and about east of Downtown Montgomery. Since 2015, the separate J. Walter Wood Treatment facility for 24 girls is also located in the Mount Meigs Campus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Corfe Mullen", "paragraph_text": "Corfe Mullen is a village in Dorset, England, on the north-western urban fringe of the South East Dorset conurbation and is part of the rural district of East Dorset. The village has a population of 10,133 (2011) and is served by six churches, five pubs, five schools, a library, various shops and local businesses, a village hall, and many community and sports organisations. There are three electoral wards within the village (Central,North and South).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Taputapuatea", "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Dunbar Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Alamnagar", "paragraph_text": "Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58\u00a0km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Majura Training Area", "paragraph_text": "The Majura Training Area (MTA) is a facility belonging to the Australian Department of Defence located to the east of Mount Majura in the Majura district in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The MTA is used primarily by the Australian Army for the conduct of field exercises and weapon qualification shoots. The MTA is located near to the Royal Military College, Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy and is frequently used by these training establishments. Accommodation and support on the range is through 'Camp Blake', which consists of headquarters buildings, Q-Store, Mess, Staff accommodation and amenities and trainee accommodation and amenities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Nizampatnam mandal", "paragraph_text": "Nizampatnam mandal is one of the 57 mandals in Guntur district of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is under the administration of Tenali Revenue Division and the headquarters are located at Nizampatnam. The mandal is bounded by Repalle, Nagaram, Pittalavanipalem and Karlapalem mandals. The mandals lies on the shore of Bay of Bengal and a portion of the mandal lies on the banks of Krishna River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Buckingham Palace", "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "NORC at the University of Chicago", "paragraph_text": "NORC at the University of Chicago is one of the largest independent social research organizations in the United States. Established in 1941 as the National Opinion Research Center, its corporate headquarters is located in downtown Chicago, with offices in several other locations throughout the United States. Organized as an independent corporation, more than half its board comes from faculty and administration of the university, it also jointly staffs some university academic research centers.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What district is the headquarter of Julia's House located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 731228, "question": "Julia's House >> headquarters location", "answer": "Corfe Mullen", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 609866, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "East Dorset", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "East Dorset", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1725}
{"id": "2hop__693444_220151", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Dream Life of Balso Snell", "paragraph_text": "The Dream Life of Balso Snell is a 1931 novel by American author Nathanael West. West's first novel, it presents a young man's immature and cynical search for meaning in a series of dreamlike encounters inside the entrails of the Trojan Horse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "A Sinless Season", "paragraph_text": "A Sinless Season is a novel by South African author Damon Galgut. It was published in 1982 when the author was only seventeen. It details the interactions between Scott, Raoul, and Joseph, three young inmates at the Bleda reformatory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Key to the Golden Firebird", "paragraph_text": "The Key to the Golden Firebird is the debut novel by noted young adult author Maureen Johnson. It was first published in 2004, and was listed as a Best Books for Young Adults by the American Library Association in 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Christel Khalil", "paragraph_text": "Christel Khalil Christel Adnana Mina Khalil (1987 - 11 - 30) November 30, 1987 (age 30) Los Angeles, California Occupation Actress Years active 1993 -- present Known for The Young and the Restless as Lily Winters (2002 -- present) Spouse (s) Stephen Hensley (m. 2008 -- 2011) Children", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Margaret Blair Young", "paragraph_text": "Margaret Blair Young (born 1955) is an American author, filmmaker, and writing instructor who taught for thirty years at Brigham Young University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Soul Fixin' Man", "paragraph_text": "Soul Fixin' Man is an album by American blues guitarist Luther Allison, released in 1994 by Alligator Records. It is also known as \"Bad Love\". Some editions have a different track listing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ausente (film)", "paragraph_text": "Ausente (English translation and title \"Absent\") is a 2011 Spanish-language drama film directed by Argentine director Marco Berger. The film tackles the notion of sexual abuse of students, but director Marco Berger flips the dynamic. In this film, a young man wants to lure his teacher into a sexual relationship, rather than the other way round (i.e. where an older individual in a position of authority or trust becomes infatuated with a minor and lures the minor into a sexual relationship).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Elisabeth Luther", "paragraph_text": "Elisabeth Luther () was the first daughter and second child born to German priest and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther and his wife, Katharina von Bora. She did not survive infancy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Life at the Top", "paragraph_text": "Life At The Top is the third novel by the English author John Braine, first published in the UK by Eyre & Spottiswoode and in the US by Houghton Mifflin & Co. in 1962. It continues the story of the life and difficulties of Joe Lampton, an ambitious young man of humble origins. A 1965 film adaptation of the novel was made starring Laurence Harvey. In September 2012, BBC television finally broadcast a two-part television adaptation of \"Room at the Top\" that had been delayed because of copyright difficulties. Matthew McNulty was in the lead role.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Roy Harrisville", "paragraph_text": "Harrisville was educated at Luther Theological Seminary (in Saint Paul, Minnesota), Princeton University, and the University of T\u00fcbingen in Germany. He served as a pastor in Mason City, Iowa before joining the faculty of Luther Theological Seminary as professor of New Testament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Portrait of a Young Englishman", "paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Young Englishman (\"Portrait of a Young Man with Grey Eyes\") is a 1540\u201345 portrait by Titian, now held in the Palazzo Pitti. Its subject is unidentified, but may be Henry Howard, Ottavio Farnese or Ippolito Rominaldi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Sonnet 110", "paragraph_text": "Sonnet 110 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. Sonnet 110 was published along with the other sonnets in the 1609 Quarto. The sonnet falls in place with the Fair Youth sequence of Shakespeare's sonnets, in which the poet expresses his love towards a young man. The mystery of the young man is still unknown today. However, there are many different theories by various scholars of who this young man may be. There has been much debate whether or not this sonnet was written about Shakespeare's disdain with the stage and actors. Whereas others have interpreted sonnet 110 as the poet confessing his love to a young man.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Young Man Luther", "paragraph_text": "Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and History is a 1958 book by psychologist Erik Erikson. It was one of the first psychobiographies of a famous historical figure. Erikson found in Martin Luther a good model of his discovery of \"the identity crisis\". Erikson was sure he could explain Luther's spontaneous eruption, during a monastery choir practice, \"I am not!\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "List of As the World Turns characters", "paragraph_text": "Emma Snyder As the World Turns character Portrayed by Kathleen Widdoes First appearance July 1985 Last appearance June 29, 2010 Profile Occupation Farmer Residence The Snyder Farm RR # 2, Box 600 Luther's Corners, IL 61324 (show) Family Spouse Harvey Snyder Sons Seth Snyder Caleb Snyder Holden Snyder Daughters Ellie Snyder Meg Snyder Adoptive daughters Iva Snyder Grandchildren Lily Walsh (adoptive) Rose D'Angelo (adoptive) MJ Dixon (adoptive) Abigail Williams Noel Snyder (adoptive) Aaron Snyder Luke Snyder (adoptive) Faith Snyder Natalie Snyder Ethan Snyder", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "The Truth About the Harry Quebert Affair (miniseries)", "paragraph_text": "Patrick Dempsey as Harry Quebert Ben Schnetzer as Marcus Goldman Damon Wayans Jr. as Sgt. Perry Gahalowood Kristine Froseth as Nola Kellergan Kurt Fuller as Chief Gareth Pratt Victoria Clark as Jenny Quinn Tessa Mossey as young Jenny Quinn Wayne Knight as Benjamin Roth Don Harvey as Bobbo Quinn Matt Frewer as Reverend Kellergan Colm Feore as Elijah Stern Josh Close as Luther Caleb Craig Eldridge as Travis Dawn Connor Price as young Travis Dawn Virginia Madsen as Tamara Quinn", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "In the Middle Ages, the Church and the worldly authorities were closely related. Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms). The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way. Luther's doctrine of the priesthood of all believers upgraded the role of laymen in the church considerably. The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and, if necessary, to vote for his dismissal (Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call, install and dismiss teachers, as testified in Scripture; 1523). Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen (church elders, presbyters) in his representative church government. The Huguenots added regional synods and a national synod, whose members were elected by the congregations, to Calvin's system of church self-government. This system was taken over by the other reformed churches.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Emperor's Children", "paragraph_text": "The Emperor's Children is a 2006 novel by the American author Claire Messud. The author's third\u2014and her first best-seller\u2014it was longlisted for the 2006 Man Booker Prize.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Young Man Lake", "paragraph_text": "Young Man Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Young Man Lake is in a cirque immediately east of Flinsch Peak. A series of waterfalls carries waters from the lake to nearby Boy Lake.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Dexter King", "paragraph_text": "Dexter Scott King (born January 30, 1961) is the second son of civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. He is the brother of Martin Luther King III, Bernice King, and Yolanda King.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Erikson's stages of psychosocial development", "paragraph_text": "Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by Erik Erikson in collaboration with Joan Erikson, is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages that a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who is the spouse of Young Man Luther's author?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 693444, "question": "Young Man Luther >> author", "answer": "Erik Erikson", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 220151, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Joan Erikson", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "Joan Erikson", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1546}
{"id": "2hop__235471_565925", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Place and the Time", "paragraph_text": "The Place and the Time is a compilation album of demos, outtakes, alternative versions and live versions of songs by Moby Grape, released by Sundazed Records in 2009 in CD and double LP format.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Main Attraction (album)", "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Plenty, Plenty Soul", "paragraph_text": "Plenty, Plenty Soul is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1957 and released on the Atlantic label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Tootsee Roll", "paragraph_text": "``Tootsee Roll ''Single by 69 Boyz from the album 199Quad Released May 27, 1994 Recorded Genre Hip hop, Southern hip hop, Miami bass Length 4: 18 Label Rip - It Songwriter (s) Albert V Bryant, Pat Hicks Producer (s) Quad City DJ's 69 Boyz singles chronology`` Tootsee Roll'' (1994) ``Kitty Kitty ''(1994)`` Tootsee Roll'' (1994) ``Kitty Kitty ''(1994)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mick Taylor", "paragraph_text": "Mick Taylor Taylor performing with The Rolling Stones Background information Birth name Michael Kevin Taylor Also known as Little Mick (1949 - 01 - 17) 17 January 1949 (age 69) Welwyn Garden City, England Genres Rock blues Occupation (s) Musician, singer, songwriter Instruments Guitar Years active 1964 -- present Labels Columbia, Decca, Rolling Stones, Atlantic, EMI, Virgin, CBS, Maze Records Associated acts John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, The Rolling Stones, The Jack Bruce Band, Carla Olson, The Gods, Mike Oldfield", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "It's What's Happenin'", "paragraph_text": "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Great Grape", "paragraph_text": "Great Grape is a compilation album released by Columbia Records in 1972 that compiles songs from three of Moby Grape's Columbia albums - \"Moby Grape\", \"Wow\", and \"Moby Grape '69\". It has been speculated that Columbia's decision to release this album was based solely on trying to capitalize on any interest generated in Moby Grape by the then-recent release of a new studio album, \"20 Granite Creek\", on Reprise Records.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Something Personal", "paragraph_text": "Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Groovin' with Golson", "paragraph_text": "Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Jazz Skyline", "paragraph_text": "The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Three for Shepp", "paragraph_text": "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm", "paragraph_text": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Foolin' Myself", "paragraph_text": "Foolin' Myself is an album of trio performances by the American jazz pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1988 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Immanu El", "paragraph_text": "Immanu El started as a musical experiment in 2004 by 16-year-old Claes Str\u00e4ngberg, who was soon joined by his twin brother Per and friends David Lillberg, Jonatan Josefsson. After a few concerts in Sweden, supporting such bands as Logh and Loney, Dear, Immanu El was booked to perform at Rookiefestivalen in Hultsfred, a festival hosted by Hultsfredsfestivalen (Rockparty) - the biggest Swedish music festival at the time and an opportunity for unsigned bands to perform at a major event. The band released their first demo EP titled \"Killerwhale\" in 2005, before they signed with Swedish independent record label And the Sound Records and Japanese label Thomason Sounds (Inpartmaint) in 2006.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Soundsigns", "paragraph_text": "Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)", "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth", "paragraph_text": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Waterfalls (album)", "paragraph_text": "Waterfalls is a live album by American saxophonist and composer John Klemmer featuring studio enhanced live performances recorded in Los Angeles for the Impulse! label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Jazz Contemporary", "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "First Light (Freddie Hubbard album)", "paragraph_text": "First Light is an album by jazz trumpeter Freddie Hubbard. Recorded in 1971, it features string arrangements by Don Sebesky. It was his third album released on Creed Taylor's CTI label and features performances by Hubbard, Herbie Hancock, Eric Gale, George Benson, Ron Carter, Jack DeJohnette, Airto Moreira and Richard Wyands. The album is part of a loose trilogy including his two previous records at the time, \"Red Clay\" and \"Straight Life\". \"First Light\" won a 1972 Grammy Award for \"Best Jazz Performance by a Group\"", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What record label did the performer of The Place and the Time belong to?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 235471, "question": "The Place and the Time >> performer", "answer": "Moby Grape", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 565925, "question": "#1 69 >> record label", "answer": "Columbia Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}], "answer": "Columbia Records", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1132}
{"id": "2hop__310456_846599", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kre\u0161imir \u010culjak", "paragraph_text": "Kre\u0161imir \u010culjak (born 18 September 1970 in Zagreb) is a Croatian rower, who won a bronze medal in the eights competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. His teammates were Igor Boraska, Nik\u0161a Skelin, Sini\u0161a Skelin, Branimir Vujevi\u0107, Tomislav Smoljanovi\u0107, Tihomir Frankovi\u0107 and Igor Franceti\u0107.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is an American web television series created by Bruce Miller, based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood. It was ordered by streaming service Hulu with a straight - to - series order of 10 episodes, with the production beginning in late 2016. The plot follows a dystopian future following a Second American Civil War where women, called ``Handmaids '', are forced into sexual and child - bearing servitude.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Vuk Obradovi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Vuk Obradovi\u0107 (April 11, 1947 in the village of Kond\u017eelj, Serbia \u2013 February 13, 2008 in Belgrade) was a Serbian general and politician. He was one of the leaders of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia in the Bulldozer Revolution in October 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Andri\u0107ev Venac", "paragraph_text": "Andri\u0107ev Venac (; ) is a street and the surrounding urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Stari Grad. As the official seat of the President of Serbia is located in it, it became synonymous for the politics of the president.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jabukovac, Negotin", "paragraph_text": "Jabukovac (, , derived from \"Jabuka\" - apple) is a village in Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Negotin, in the Bor District, near the borders between Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Baljev Dol", "paragraph_text": "Baljev Dol is a village in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 8 people. The village was larger until the unrest in the area following the dissolution of Yugoslavia forced many relations of big-serving tennis ace Ivo Karlovi\u0107 to flee the area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Stracimir Zavidovi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "In 1166 Stefan Nemanja overthrew Tihomir in a coup and had him and his brothers, Stracimir and Miroslav, expelled to Byzantium in 1167/1168. Stefan Nemanja defeated Tihomir and his Byzantine army. Tihomir drowned in a river and the other brothers were stripped of their titles, with Nemanja becoming ruler of All Serbia. He pardoned his brothers and Stracimir continued to rule his lands. When Stefan Nemanja besieged and retook control of Duklja in the 1180s, Stracimir and Miroslav attacked the forces of Doclean ruler and kinsman Mihailo.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Audrey Rose (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Audrey Rose is a novel written by Frank De Felitta, published in 1975. about a couple confronted with the idea that their young daughter might be the reincarnation of another man's child. The book was inspired by an incident in which De Felitta's young son began displaying unusual talents and interests, leading an occultist to suggest to De Felitta that the child might be remembering a previous life. The book was followed by a 1982 sequel, \"For Love of Audrey Rose\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Roma Party", "paragraph_text": "Roma Party (, ) is a political party in Serbia. It is an ethnic minority party of Romani people in Serbia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Milena Reljin", "paragraph_text": "Milena Reljin () (born May 25, 1967 in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian rhythmic gymnast. She is the child of Mita Reljin, a basketball player and coach, and Vukosava Milanovi\u0107-Reljin, a basketball player for Radni\u010dki and later, Partizan. During her career Reljin won a record 9 consecutive Yugoslav Senior National Titles, from 1981 to 1989.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "San Marino\u2013Serbia relations", "paragraph_text": "San Marino has an embassy in Belgrade while Serbia covers San Marino from an embassy in Rome. The Ambassador of San Marino to Serbia is Ubaldo Livolsi. The Ambassador of Serbia to Italy accredited on non-residential basis to San Marino is Sanda Ra\u0161kovi\u0107 Ivi\u0107. Ambassador Livolsi presented his Letters of Credence on February 2, 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Donje Crniljevo", "paragraph_text": "Donje Crniljevo () is a village in Serbia. It is situated on the banks of the Tamnava river in the Koceljeva municipality, in the Ma\u010dva District of Central Serbia. The village had a Serb ethnic majority and a population of 981 in 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Boris Tadi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Boris Tadi\u0107 (, ; born 15 January 1958) is a Serbian politician who served as President of Serbia from 2004 to 2012. He was elected to his first term on 27 June 2004, when Serbia was part of Serbia and Montenegro, and re-elected for a second term on 3 February 2008, this time as president of independent Serbia. He resigned on 5 April 2012 in order to trigger an early election. Prior to his presidency, Tadi\u0107 served as the last Minister of Telecommunications of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and as the first Minister of Defence of Serbia and Montenegro. He is a psychologist by profession.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Banjevac", "paragraph_text": "Banjevac () is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Krupanj municipality, in the Ma\u010dva District of Central Serbia. The village had a Serb ethnic majority and a population of 500 in 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Music of the Old Serbia", "paragraph_text": "Music of the Old Serbia is a debut vinyl album by Ensemble Renaissance, released in 1983 on the PGP RTB label (also released as an audio cassette). It is also Ensemble's first album with early music of Serbia. They will revisit the theme of Serbian Medieval songs and dances on the Roots of the Balkan, and some of the material from this album will be remastered on the Music of Old Serbia - Chants from 14th to the 18th century dedicated exclusively to the Medieval Serbian chant.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Kovilje", "paragraph_text": "Kovilje is a village in the municipality of Ivanjica, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 18 inhabitants. It is situated between Mountains Golija and Javor in central Serbia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Tilva Ro\u0161", "paragraph_text": "Tilva Ro\u0161 is a 2010 Serbian coming of age drama following a group of skaters from Bor, a small mining town in eastern part of Serbia, during their first summer after finishing high school.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Saint Sava", "paragraph_text": "He is widely considered as one of the most important figures of Serbian history. Saint Sava is venerated by the Serbian Orthodox Church as its founder on . Many artistic works from the Middle Ages to modern times have interpreted his career. He is the patron saint of Serbia, Serbs, and Serbian education. The Church of Saint Sava in Belgrade is dedicated to him, built where the Ottomans burnt his remains in 1594 during an uprising in which the Serbs used icons of Sava as their war flags; the church is one of the largest church buildings in the world.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Banja Monastery", "paragraph_text": "Banja Monastery () is a Serbian Orthodox Monastery located near Priboj, Serbia. Monastery Banja presents Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance in Serbia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Donja Borina", "paragraph_text": "Donja Borina () is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Mali Zvornik municipality, in the Ma\u010dva District of Central Serbia. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population was 1,731 in 2002.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the child of the person who followed Tihomir of Serbia?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 310456, "question": "Tihomir of Serbia >> followed by", "answer": "Stefan Nemanja", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}, {"id": 846599, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Saint Sava", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Saint Sava", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1494}
{"id": "2hop__335418_279684", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club", "paragraph_text": "The Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club was formed in the mid-1960s as an attachment to St Patrick's Marist College Dundas' sports auxiliary for weekend rugby league within the Balmain Junior Rugby League competition. In the mid-1990s the school sports auxiliary ceased to exist and the club was rechristened the Dundas Shamrocks. The club has been a member of the Balmain Junior Rugby League since its inception in the 1960s and provides teams for age groups from under 6's to A-Grade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Charlotte 49ers", "paragraph_text": "The Charlotte 49ers represent the NCAA Division I sports teams of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. A founding member of Conference USA (C-USA), Charlotte rejoined the conference in 2013 after spending eight years as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. Previously, Charlotte was a charter member of the Sun Belt Conference and was a member of the Metro Conference.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Catherine Jagiellon", "paragraph_text": "Catherine Jagiellon was born in Krak\u00f3w as the youngest daughter of King Sigismund I the Old of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and his wife Bona Sforza of Milan. Catherine became the spouse of King John III of Sweden and mother of the future Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland. After the death of her father in 1548, she and her sisters Anna and Sophia moved to Masovia with their mother. After their mother's departure to Italy in 1558, they lived there alone. The sisters were not close to their brother Sigismund II Augustus of Poland. Catherine could reportedly speak Italian and Latin, and was described as more attractive than Anna, and most marriage suggestions were directed toward her.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor is a major scene of college sports, most notably at the University of Michigan, a member of the Big Ten Conference. Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world. The stadium was completed in 1927 and cost more than $950,000 to build. It has a 109,901 seating capacity after multiple renovations were made. The stadium is colloquially known as \"The Big House\". Crisler Center and Yost Ice Arena play host to the school's basketball (both men's and women's) and ice hockey teams, respectively. Concordia University, a member of the NAIA, also fields sports teams.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Tuvalu", "paragraph_text": "A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket. A popular sport specific to Tuvalu is Ano, which is played with two round balls of 12 cm (5 in) diameter. Ano is a localised version of volleyball, in which the two hard balls made from pandanus leaves are volleyed at great speed with the team members trying to stop the Ano hitting the ground. Traditional sports in the late 19th century were foot racing, lance throwing, quarterstaff fencing and wrestling, although the Christian missionaries disapproved of these activities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Philip III of Spain", "paragraph_text": "Philip III Portrait by Andr\u00e9s L\u00f3pez Polanco King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia; Duke of Milan (more...) Reign 13 September 1598 -- 31 March 1621 Predecessor Philip II and I Successor Philip IV and III 14 April 1578 Madrid, Spain 31 March 1621 (1621 - 03 - 31) (aged 42) Madrid, Spain Burial El Escorial Spouse Margaret of Austria (m. 1599; d. 1611) Issue Anne, Queen of France Philip IV of Spain Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress Infante Charles of Spain Cardinal - Infante Ferdinand House Habsburg Father Philip II of Spain Mother Anna of Austria Religion Roman Catholicism Signature", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Wes Schulmerich", "paragraph_text": "Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 \u2013 June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "History of the New Orleans Saints", "paragraph_text": "The biggest news of the 1984 season was that John Mecom, the owner of the team for almost 20 years, was putting them up for sale. Speculation was rife that a new owner might move the Saints out of New Orleans, namely Jacksonville, Florida. But on May 31, 1985, negotiations were finalized to sell the team to Tom Benson, a native New Orleanian who owned numerous car dealerships throughout the New Orleans area. The team's future in New Orleans was safe for the time being.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Vermont Lady Voltage", "paragraph_text": "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women\u2019s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Anna Benson", "paragraph_text": "Anna Benson (born February 12, 1976) is an American model, former stripper, and ex-wife of former Major League Baseball pitcher Kris Benson.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "North Carolina State University is located in southwest Raleigh where the Wolfpack competes nationally in 24 intercollegiate varsity sports as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The university's football team plays in Carter-Finley Stadium, the third largest football stadium in North Carolina, while the men's basketball team shares the PNC Arena with the Carolina Hurricanes hockey club. The Wolfpack women's basketball, volleyball, and gymnastics as well as men's wrestling events are held on campus at Reynolds Coliseum. The men's baseball team plays at Doak Field.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Gale Benson", "paragraph_text": "Gale Ann Benson (nee Plugge; 4 November 1944 \u2013 2 January 1972) was a British model, socialite and daughter of Conservative MP Leonard Plugge. She was buried alive and murdered in Trinidad by activist Michael X and members of his Black Power group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Robert Guillaume", "paragraph_text": "Robert Guillaume (born Robert Peter Williams; November 30, 1927 -- October 24, 2017) was an American actor, known for his role as Isaac Jaffe on Sports Night and as Benson on the TV series Soap and the spin - off Benson, as well as for voicing the mandrill Rafiki in The Lion King. In a career that spanned more than 50 years he worked extensively on stage, television and film. For his efforts he was nominated for a Tony Award for his portrayal of Nathan Detroit in Guys and Dolls, and twice won an Emmy Award for his portrayal of the character Benson DuBois, once in 1979 on Soap and in 1985 on Benson. He also won a Grammy Award in 1995 for his spoken word performance of an audiobook version of The Lion King.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Benson Junction, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Benson Junction is an unincorporated community located in southwest Volusia County, Florida, within the city limits of DeBary. It is the former location of the Ox Fibre Brush Company and presently an industrial location. Benson Junction is located just west of U.S. Highway 17-92 (Charles Richard Beall Blvd.), along Benson Junction Road.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Arena Football League", "paragraph_text": "In October 2008, Tom Benson announced that the New Orleans VooDoo were ceasing operations and folding \"based on circumstances currently affecting the league and the team\". Shortly thereafter, an article in Sports Business Journal announced that the AFL had a tentative agreement to sell a $100 million stake in the league to Platinum Equity; in exchange, Platinum Equity would create a centralized, single-entity business model that would streamline league and team operations and allow the league to be more profitable. Benson's move to shut down the VooDoo came during the Platinum Equity conference call, leading to speculation that he had folded because of the deal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip", "paragraph_text": "Justin Long as Alvin Seville, leader of the Chipmunks Matthew Gray Gubler as Simon Seville, member of the Chipmunks Jesse McCartney as Theodore Seville, member of the Chipmunks Christina Applegate as Brittany, leader of the Chipettes Anna Faris as Jeanette, member of the Chipettes Kaley Cuoco as Eleanor, member of the Chipettes", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Kris Benson", "paragraph_text": "A highly touted prospect, Benson was drafted first overall by the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1996. He followed a strong rookie season in 1999 with an even stronger season in 2000, but those would prove to be the two best seasons of his career, as he underwent Tommy John surgery after the 2000 season. He posted three more good seasons from 2004 to 2006 with the Pirates, the New York Mets, and the Baltimore Orioles, but then underwent rotator cuff surgery, after which he was never again an effective Major League pitcher.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Sacramento Kings", "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Bennigsen Beavers", "paragraph_text": "The Bennigsen Beavers were established in 1993 as a department of FC Bennigsen, and became an independent sporting team on January 1, 2004. The club fielded 7 teams for the 2005 season, including three men's teams, a women's team, a junior team, a youth team and a student team. As of mid-2005, the Beavers claimed a total of 97 Members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Jenny Benson", "paragraph_text": "Jenny Benson (born January 25, 1978, in Fountain Valley, California) is a retired American soccer midfielder/defender who was a member of the United States women's national soccer team.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What team was Anna Benson's husband on?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 335418, "question": "Anna Benson >> spouse", "answer": "Kris Benson", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}, {"id": 279684, "question": "#1 >> member of sports team", "answer": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Pittsburgh Pirates", "answer_aliases": ["Orioles", "Pirates", "Baltimore Orioles", "New York Mets", "Mets"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2060}
{"id": "2hop__191125_781346", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Notogawa, Shiga", "paragraph_text": "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Chelyabinsk", "paragraph_text": "Chelyabinsk () is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia. Population:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Geography of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Swan Miara", "paragraph_text": "Swan Miara is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district where it borders Abbottabad District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Krasnovishersky District", "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Thirukkanur", "paragraph_text": "Thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of Puducherry, India. It one of 16 villages located in Mannadipet commune panchayat of the Villianur taluk. It is bordered by the state of Tamil Nadu both to the east and west.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jimma Arjo", "paragraph_text": "Jimma Arjo is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It shares the name of one of the subgroups of the Oromo people, the Jimma Arjo. Part of the Misraq Welega Zone, Jimma Arjo is bordered on the southwest by the Didessa River which separates it from the Illubabor Zone, on the northwest by Diga Leka, on the northeast by Guto Wayu, and on the southeast by Nunu Kumba. The administrative center of this woreda is Arjo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Gmina W\u0142odawa", "paragraph_text": "Gmina W\u0142odawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in W\u0142odawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of W\u0142odawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Oak Lawn, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Badigeru Swamp", "paragraph_text": "The Badigeru swamp (or Bedigeru, Badingilu) swamp lies in South Sudan, in the Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria states between Terekeka and Lafon.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "The Citizen (South Sudan)", "paragraph_text": "The Citizen is a newspaper based in Juba, the national capital of South Sudan and the state capital of Central Equatoria.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Fronti\u00e8re internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Adaba (woreda)", "paragraph_text": "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Virginia, Lempira", "paragraph_text": "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Berhale (woreda)", "paragraph_text": "Berahle is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 2, Berahle's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Afdera and Abala, on the southwest by the Tigray Region, on the west by Koneba, on the north by Dallol, and on the northeast by Eritrea. Towns in Berahle include Berhale and Tiyarabora.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What place does the administrative territorial entity that Juba is located in share a border with?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 191125, "question": "Juba >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Central Equatoria", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 781346, "question": "#1 >> shares border with", "answer": "Eastern Equatoria", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Eastern Equatoria", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2401}
{"id": "2hop__475070_532404", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "A Prisoner of Birth", "paragraph_text": "A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's \"The Count of Monte Cristo\". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Kylian Mbapp\u00e9", "paragraph_text": "Kylian Mbapp\u00e9 Mbapp\u00e9 with the Best Young Player Award at the 2018 FIFA World Cup Full name Kylian Mbapp\u00e9 Lottin Date of birth (1998 - 12 - 20) 20 December 1998 (age 19) Place of birth Paris, France Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Playing position Forward Club information Current team Paris Saint - Germain Number 7 Youth career 2004 -- 2013 AS Bondy 2013 -- 2015 Monaco Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 2015 -- 2016 Monaco B 12 (4) 2015 -- 2018 Monaco 41 (16) 2017 -- 2018 \u2192 Paris Saint - Germain (loan) 27 (13) 2018 -- Paris Saint - Germain (3) National team 2014 France U17 (0) 2016 France U19 11 (7) 2017 -- France 22 (8) Honours (show) Men's football Representing France FIFA World Cup Winner 2018 Russia * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 04: 25, 26 August 2018 (UTC) \u2021 National team caps and goals correct as of 17: 21, 18 August 2018 (UTC)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Baptiste Gros", "paragraph_text": "Gros competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for France. He placed 40th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette", "paragraph_text": "Marquis de Lafayette Lafayette as a lieutenant general, in 1791. Portrait by Joseph - D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Court. Birth name Marie - Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de Lafayette Nickname (s) The Hero of the Two Worlds (Le H\u00e9ros des Deux Mondes in French) (1757 - 09 - 06) 6 September 1757 Chavaniac, France 20 May 1834 (1834 - 05 - 20) (aged 76) Paris, France Buried Picpus Cemetery Allegiance Kingdom of France (1771 -- 1777, 1781 -- 1791) United States of America (1777 -- 1781) Kingdom of France (1791 -- 1792) French First Republic Kingdom of France (1830) Service / branch French Army Continental Army National Guard Years of service 1771 -- 1792 1830 Rank Major General (U.S.) Lieutenant General (France) Battles / wars American Revolutionary War Battle of Brandywine Battle of Gloucester Valley Forge Battle of Barren Hill Battle of Rhode Island Battle of Monmouth Battle of Green Spring Siege of Yorktown French Revolution The March on Versailles Day of Daggers Champ de Mars massacre War of the First Coalition July Revolution Awards Order of Saint Louis Spouse (s) Adrienne de Noailles (m. 1774; d. 1807) Children 4, including Georges Washington Other work Politician Estates General (Auvergne) Member of the National Assembly Chamber of Representatives Chamber of Deputies Signature", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Frances Tupper", "paragraph_text": "Frances Am\u00e9lia Tupper, Lady Tupper (n\u00e9e Morse; March 14, 1826 \u2013 May 11, 1912) was the wife of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada. They had six children together, three boys and three girls.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Magalie Pottier", "paragraph_text": "Magalie Pottier (born 16 March 1989 in Vallet) is a French racing cyclist who represents France in BMX. She was selected to represent France at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the women's BMX event and finished in seventh place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Alexandre de Lesseps", "paragraph_text": "Alexandre de Lesseps was born in Paris, France. His education took place in Khartoum, Sudan and in France and at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The final took place on 15 July at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, between France and Croatia. France won the match 4 -- 2 to claim their second World Cup title, marking the fourth consecutive title won by a European team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Anselm Tupper", "paragraph_text": "Anselm Tupper was born in Easton, Massachusetts on October 11, 1763, and grew up to the age of eleven in Chesterfield in western Massachusetts. His childhood was brief, as he enlisted in May 1775 at the young age of eleven, shortly after the Battles of Lexington and Concord, likely being one of the younger soldiers in the fight for independence. Anselm joined Captain Robert West's Chesterfield company, assigned to Colonel John Fellows' regiment (17th Massachusetts Bay Provincial Regiment), in which Anselm's father, Benjamin Tupper, was already major. As described in Chaffin's \"History of the Town of Easton, Massachusetts\",", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Mok Kwai-lan", "paragraph_text": "Mok Kwai-lan (; October 15, 1892 \u2013 November 3, 1982) was the fourth spouse of Lingnan martial arts grandmaster Wong Fei-hung.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "History of the Rugby World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Seven places were automatically filled by the IRFB members, with invitations being sent out to fill remaining places. In total there were 16 nations in the competition. France played Australia in one of the semi-finals with New Zealand playing Wales in the other. New Zealand became the first ever Rugby World Cup Champions, defeating France 29 points to 9 at Eden Park in Auckland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Arthur Rupert Dickey", "paragraph_text": "Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Love's Long Journey", "paragraph_text": "Actor Role Erin Cottrell Missie LaHaye Logan Bartholomew Willie LaHaye Frank McRae Cookie Irene Bedard Miriam McClaine Gil Birmingham Sharp Claw W. Morgan Sheppard Scottie James Tupper Henry Kline Johann Urb Fyn Anders Jeff Kober Pacey Richard Lee Jackson Sonny Huff Graham Phillips Jeff Huff Stephen Bridgewater Mr. Taylorsen Diane Salinger Diane Louise Salinger John Savage Trent Dale Midkiff Clark Davis", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "2003 European Fencing Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 2003 European Fencing Championships were held in Bourges, France. The event took place from 29 June to 3 July 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Margareta von Ascheberg", "paragraph_text": "Margareta von Ascheberg was the youngest child of Field Marshal Rutger von Ascheberg and Magdalena Eleonora Busseck. On 26 January 1691, she married colonel count Kjell Christopher Barnekow (d. 1700) in Malm\u00f6. As was the custom of the Swedish nobility as that time, she kept her name after marriage and style herself \u00bbGrevinnan Ascheberg\u00bb (Countess Ascheberg). The couple had four children. She accompanied her spouse on his military commissions: she gave birth to their youngest sons during the Bombardment of Brussels in 1695.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Dupland", "paragraph_text": "Dupland was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Dupland as crew, took the 10th place in first race of the 0.5 to 1 ton and finished 7th in the second race. He did this with the boat \"Galopin\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Frances Ingram", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Frances Ingram (5 November 1888 \u2013 12 April 1974) was an American operatic contralto of English birth who had an active career in North America during the 1910s and 1920s.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where was the spouse of Frances Tupper born?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 475070, "question": "Frances Tupper >> spouse", "answer": "Charles Tupper", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 532404, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Amherst", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Amherst", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1872}
{"id": "2hop__700093_455653", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Political party", "paragraph_text": "Political parties, still called factions by some, especially those in the governmental apparatus, are lobbied vigorously by organizations, businesses and special interest groups such as trade unions. Money and gifts-in-kind to a party, or its leading members, may be offered as incentives. Such donations are the traditional source of funding for all right-of-centre cadre parties. Starting in the late 19th century these parties were opposed by the newly founded left-of-centre workers' parties. They started a new party type, the mass membership party, and a new source of political fundraising, membership dues.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "William Bross Lloyd", "paragraph_text": "William Bross Lloyd (February 24, 1875 \u2013 June 30, 1946) was an American attorney and political activist. The oldest son of the muckraking journalist Henry Demarest Lloyd and Jessie Bross, daughter of \"Chicago Tribune\" founder William Bross, William Bross Lloyd is best remembered as a founding member and financial angel of the fledgling Communist Labor Party of America, forerunner of the Communist Party USA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "United States Marijuana Party", "paragraph_text": "The United States Marijuana Party (officially the U.S. Marijuana Party\u2122) is a cannabis political party in the United States founded in 2002 by Loretta Nall specifically to end the war on drugs and to legalize cannabis. Their policies also include other socially libertarian positions. The party is active in Vermont, has local chapters in several other states, and is affiliated with international cannabis political parties.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "UNO-96 Alliance", "paragraph_text": "UNO-96 Alliance (), was a center-right Nicaraguan political party founded in 1996 by Alfredo C\u00e9sar Aguirre, member of the National Opposition Union and campaign advisor to former president Violeta Barrios de Chamorro. The UNO-96 alliance obtained a seat in the National Assembly in the 1996 Nicaraguan general elections.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Shiromaniam Madhavan", "paragraph_text": "Shiromaniam Madhavan (1944 - 29 June 1994), son of a founding member of the National Federation Party (NFP), was a Fiji Indian politician who served in the Labasa Town Council and the House of Representatives. He contested numerous elections for different political parties.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pirate Party (Belgium)", "paragraph_text": "The Pirate Party of Belgium (, ) is a political party in Belgium. Based on the model of the Swedish Pirate Party, it supports reform of copyright law, the abolition of patents, and respect for privacy. It was a founding member of Pirate Parties International.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dilipkumar Gandhi", "paragraph_text": "Dilipkumar Mansukhlal Gandhi (born 9 May 1951) is an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party. He is a current member of the 16th Lok Sabha of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Green Party of Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "The Green Party of Tennessee is a state-level political party in Tennessee, and is a member of the Green Party of the United States. The party formed in 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Rohana Wijeweera", "paragraph_text": "Patabendi Don Jinadasa Nandasiri Wijeweera (; 14 July 1943 \u2013 13 November 1989) known as Rohana Wijeweera, was a Sri Lankan Marxist politician, revolutionary and the founding leader of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. Wijeweera led the party in two unsuccessful insurrections in Sri Lanka, in 1971 and 1987 to 1989.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Confederation of Regions Party of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The Confederation of Regions Party (CoR) was a right-wing federal political party in Canada founded in 1984 by Elmer Knutson. It was founded as a successor to the Western Canada Federation (West-Fed), a non-partisan organization, to fight the Liberal Party of Canada. The CoR aimed to fill the void on the right of the political spectrum left by the decline of the Social Credit Party of Canada and the growing unpopularity among westerners of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada under the leadership of Brian Mulroney.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Islamic Iran Solidarity Party", "paragraph_text": "Islamic Iran Solidarity Party (; \"Hezb-e Hambastegi-e Iran-e Eslami\") is an Iranian reformist political party founded in 1998, by 10 members of Parliament of Iran. The party is a member of Council for coordinating the Reforms Front and publishes newspaper \"Hambastegi\". Ali Asghar Ahmadi is currently the General Secretary, an office previously held by Ebrahim Asgharzadeh and Mohamadreza Raahchamani. They have supported Mohammad Khatami in 2001 election, Mehdi Karoubi in 2005 and Mir-Hossein Mousavi in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Suresh Ganapat Wagmare", "paragraph_text": "Wagmare Suresh Ganapat (born 15 September 1961) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Wardha constituency of Maharashtra and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon", "paragraph_text": "Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Ar-Namys", "paragraph_text": "Ar-Namys (, meaning \"Dignity\") is a political party in Kyrgyzstan founded on July 9, 1999 by former Prime Minister Felix Kulov. The party quickly became the nation's leading opposition party but was barred from the 2000 parliamentary elections. However, since the party was barred its members formed a bloc with the Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan. With Kulov serving time for criminal charges, the party's members worked over the next years to both clear his name and establish a broad opposition coalition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Chengara Surendran", "paragraph_text": "Chengara Surendran (born 31 January 1968) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Adoor constituency of Kerala and is a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI) political party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Congress of the New Right", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of the New Right (, Nowa Prawica or just KNP) is an economically libertarian, socially conservative and Eurosceptic political party in Poland. The party was founded on 25 March 2011 by Janusz Korwin-Mikke, from the merger of the Liberty and Lawfulness (WiP) with several members of the Real Politics Union (UPR). The former leader Korwin-Mikke was ousted from the party in 2015. The party assumed the official name Congress of the New Right on 12 May 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Basotho National Party", "paragraph_text": "The Basotho National Party is a political party in Lesotho, founded in the 1959 as the Basutoland National Party by Leabua Jonathan. He was Prime Minister from 1965 until the coup of 1986.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Independent Turkey Party", "paragraph_text": "The Independent Turkey Party (, BTP) is a nationalist and Kemalist political party founded on 25 September 2001 by Haydar Ba\u015f.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Bhanwar Singh Dangawas", "paragraph_text": "Bhanwar Singh Dangawas (7 June 1929 \u2013 2 July 2012) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Nagaur constituency of Rajasthan and was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Party for the Netherlands", "paragraph_text": "Party for the Netherlands () (PVN) is a Dutch right-wing Fortuynist political party founded in August 2006 by Hilbrand Nawijn, a member of the Dutch House of Representatives.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who founded the political party of Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 700093, "question": "Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon >> member of political party", "answer": "Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 455653, "question": "#1 >> founded by", "answer": "Rohana Wijeweera", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "Rohana Wijeweera", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1462}
{"id": "2hop__512773_346751", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Geography of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Thirukkanur", "paragraph_text": "Thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of Puducherry, India. It one of 16 villages located in Mannadipet commune panchayat of the Villianur taluk. It is bordered by the state of Tamil Nadu both to the east and west.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Oak Lawn, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Mount Bosworth", "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "York River (Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "The York River is a river in Renfrew County, Hastings County and Haliburton County in Ontario, Canada. The river is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, and flows from the southern extension of Algonquin Provincial Park to the Madawaska River.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "North Hastings High School", "paragraph_text": "North Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Berhale (woreda)", "paragraph_text": "Berahle is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 2, Berahle's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Afdera and Abala, on the southwest by the Tigray Region, on the west by Koneba, on the north by Dallol, and on the northeast by Eritrea. Towns in Berahle include Berhale and Tiyarabora.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Swan Miara", "paragraph_text": "Swan Miara is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district where it borders Abbottabad District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Virginia, Lempira", "paragraph_text": "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Gmina W\u0142odawa", "paragraph_text": "Gmina W\u0142odawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in W\u0142odawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of W\u0142odawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Chelyabinsk", "paragraph_text": "Chelyabinsk () is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia. Population:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Fronti\u00e8re internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Krasnovishersky District", "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Notogawa, Shiga", "paragraph_text": "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Bancroft's county borders what county?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 512773, "question": "Bancroft >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Hastings County", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 346751, "question": "#1 >> shares border with", "answer": "Haliburton County", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "Haliburton County", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2409}
{"id": "2hop__411091_625230", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Essex County Park Commission Administration Building", "paragraph_text": "The Essex County Park Commission Administration Building is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1916 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 11, 1977.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "British nationality law", "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Australia Day", "paragraph_text": "The meaning and significance of Australia Day has evolved over time. Unofficially, or historically, the date has also been variously named ``Anniversary Day '',`` Foundation Day'', and ``ANA Day ''. 26 January 1788 marked the proclamation of British sovereignty over the eastern seaboard of Australia (then known as New Holland). Although it was not known as Australia Day until over a century later, records of celebrations on 26 January date back to 1808, with the first official celebration of the formation of New South Wales held in 1818. On New Year's Day 1901, the British colonies of Australia formed a federation, marking the birth of modern Australia. A national day of unity and celebration was looked for. It was not until 1935 that all Australian states and territories adopted use of the term`` Australia Day'' to mark the date, and not until 1994 that the date was consistently marked by a public holiday on that day by all states and territories.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Handover of Hong Kong", "paragraph_text": "The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, referred to as ``the Handover ''internationally or`` the Return'' in China, took place on 1 July 1997. The landmark event marked the end of British administration in Hong Kong, and is often regarded as the watershed of the British Empire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Tanzania", "paragraph_text": "In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner\u2014who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury\u2014placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a \"run\" on the entities in the \"parallel\" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Greenfield, Indiana", "paragraph_text": "Greenfield is a city in and the county seat of Hancock County, Indiana, United States, and a part of the Indianapolis metropolitan area. The population was 20,602 at the 2010 census, and an estimated 21,709 in 2016. It lies in Center Township.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Italian Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Mark Dismore", "paragraph_text": "Mark Dismore (born October 12, 1956 in Greenfield, Indiana) is a former driver in the Indy Racing League and the 1990 Toyota Pacific champion as well as the winner of the 1993 24 Hours of Daytona with Dan Gurney's All American Racers in a Toyota GTP car with co-drivers Rocky Moran and P. J. Jones. He made 3 CART starts in 1991 but was badly injured in a practice crash for the Indianapolis 500, when his car veered sharply towards the entrance of pit road at the exit of Turn 4 and back-ended the fence, only to careen across the pit lane and smash virtually head on at sizeable speed against the edge of pit wall; this second impact tore off the front of the car leaving Mark's legs exposed. Amongst the injuries he suffered, the most severe was a broken neck. He was largely out of open wheel racing until the 1996 Indy 500 where he drove for Team Menard though he did try to qualify in the 1992 Indianapolis 500 for Concept Motorsports in an outdated Lola/Buick. In 1997 he drove a second car at the Indy 500 for Kelley Racing and would become a full-time fixture there until the 2001 season. He returned to Menard for a partial season in 2002. Dismore has a single IRL win coming in the fall 1999 Texas Motor Speedway race and also finished a career-best third in points that season. Among his 62 career IRL starts he won four poles. He also represented the IRL in the International Race of Champions in 2000 and 2001.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries", "paragraph_text": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Emp\u00faries or Emp\u00f2rion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Emp\u00faries moved to Castell\u00f3 d'Emp\u00faries place less exposed to attack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Pangi Territory", "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Dunbar Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Texas\u2013Indian wars", "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In which county is Mark Dismore's birthplace located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 411091, "question": "Mark Dismore >> place of birth", "answer": "Greenfield", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 625230, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Hancock County", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "Hancock County", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2434}
{"id": "2hop__423972_540249", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Paul Ph\u00e9lypeaux de Pontchartrain", "paragraph_text": "Paul Ph\u00e9lypeaux de Pontchartrain (1569 \u2013 21 October 1621), lord of Pontchartrain and Villesavin, was a French statesman. He served both Marie de' Medici and her son Louis XIII during a period of conflict between Catholics and Protestants in France, the French Wars of Religion. He was one of the negotiators of the Treaty of Loudun in 1616.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Portrait of Ippolito de' Medici", "paragraph_text": "The Portrait of Ippolito de' Medici is a 1532-33 portrait of Ippolito de' Medici by Titian, now in the Palazzo Pitti.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Portrait of Pietro Aretino", "paragraph_text": "The Portrait of Pietro Aretino is a portrait of the Renaissance poet Pietro Aretino by Titian, painted around 1545, possibly for Cosimo I de' Medici. It is now in the sali di Venere of Palazzo Pitti in Florence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "James III of Cyprus", "paragraph_text": "James III of Cyprus (or Jacques III de Lusignan) (6 July 1473 \u2013 26 August 1474) was the only child by the marriage of James II of Cyprus and Catherine Cornaro. He died in mysterious circumstances as an infant, leaving his mother as the last Queen of Cyprus. His death paved the way for Venice to gain control of Cyprus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Vasari Corridor", "paragraph_text": "The Vasari Corridor was built in five months by order of Duke Cosimo I de' Medici in 1565, to the design of Giorgio Vasari.  It was commissioned in connection with the marriage of Cosimo's son, Francesco, with Johanna of Austria.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Giuliano de' Medici", "paragraph_text": "Giuliano de' Medici (25 March 1453 \u2013 26 April 1478) was the second son of Piero de' Medici (the Gouty) and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. As co-ruler of Florence, with his brother Lorenzo the Magnificent, he complemented his brother's image as the \"patron of the arts\" with his own image as the handsome, sporting, \"golden boy.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Maria Maddalena de' Medici", "paragraph_text": "Maria Maddalena de' Medici (29 June 1600 \u2013 28 December 1633) was a Tuscan princess, the eighth daughter of Ferdinando I and Christina of Lorraine, making her the sister of Cosimo II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mother with a Child and a Chambermaid", "paragraph_text": "Mother with a Child and a Chambermaid (1665-1668) is an oil on canvas painting by the Dutch painter Pieter de Hooch, it is an example of Dutch Golden Age painting and is part of the collection of the Amsterdam Museum.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nannina de' Medici", "paragraph_text": "Nannina de' Medici (14 February 1448 \u2013 14 May 1493), born Lucrezia de' Medici, was the second daughter of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. She was thus the elder sister of Lorenzo de' Medici. She married Bernardo Rucellai. Her father's name was Piero, so she is sometimes known as Lucrezia di Piero de' Medici.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Margherita de' Medici", "paragraph_text": "Margherita de' Medici (31 May 1612 \u2013 6 February 1679) was Duchess of Parma and Piacenza by her marriage to Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma. Margherita was regent of Piacenza in 1635, and regent of the entire duchy from 1646 until 1648 during the minority of her son.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "The Age of the Medici", "paragraph_text": "The Age of the Medici, originally released in Italy as L'et\u00e0 di Cosimo de Medici (\"The Age of Cosimo de Medici\"), is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence, directed by Roberto Rossellini. The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release, which it failed to achieve, and was later dubbed into Italian and shown on state television. The films are: \"Cosimo de Medici\", \"The Power of Cosimo\" and \"Leon Battista Alberti: Humanism\". It is Fred Ward's debut role.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Pietro de' Medici", "paragraph_text": "Don Pietro de' Medici (3 June 1554 \u2013 25 April 1604) was the youngest son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Eleonora di Toledo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "H\u00f4tel de Soissons", "paragraph_text": "The H\u00f4tel de Soissons was a \"h\u00f4tel particulier\" (grand house) built in Paris, France, between 1574 and 1584 for Catherine de' Medici (1519\u201389) by the architect Jean Bullant (1515\u201378).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Gian Giacomo Medici", "paragraph_text": "Gian Giacomo Medici was the brother of Giovanni Angelo Medici, who was later to be elected Pope as Pius IV. They were scions of an impoverished though patrician family of Milan not connected with the Medici of Florence, in spite of the Medici heraldic \"palle\" appearing in the contemporary engraving (\"illustration\"): thus the nickname \"Il Medeghino\", the \"little Medici\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Medici Fountain", "paragraph_text": "The Medici Fountain (fr: \"La fontaine M\u00e9dicis\") is a monumental fountain in the Jardin du Luxembourg in the 6th arrondissement in Paris. It was built in about 1630 by Marie de' Medici, the widow of King Henry IV of France and regent of King Louis XIII of France. It was moved to its present location and extensively rebuilt in 1864-66.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Garzia de' Medici", "paragraph_text": "Garzia de' Medici (July 5, 1547 \u2013 December 6, 1562) was the son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleanor of Toledo. He was the subject of a famous painting by Bronzino when he was an infant. He was born in Florence and died of malaria along with his mother while traveling to Pisa, a few days after his brother, Cardinal Giovanni, also died of the disease.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Henry IV Receiving the Spanish Ambassador", "paragraph_text": "Henry IV Receiving the Spanish Ambassador is an 1817 painting in the Troubador style by the French painter Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. It shows Henry IV of France playing with his children whilst receiving the Spanish ambassador, with Marie de Medici seated at the centre.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Pope Clement VII", "paragraph_text": "Pope Clement VII (; ) (26 May 1478 \u2013 25 September 1534), born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Portrait of Carlo de' Medici", "paragraph_text": "The Portrait of Carlo de' Medici is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Andrea Mantegna, executed in 1466. It is now housed in the Uffizi Gallery of Florence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici was born in Florence, Italy. He was the son of Averardo de' Medici and Jacopa Spini. His father, Averardo died in 1363 with a respectable amount of wealth. This inheritance was divided among Giovanni and his four brothers, leaving Giovanni with very little. However, his uncle, Vieri de\u2019 Medici, was still a prominent banker in Florence. Vieri helped Giovanni begin his career in the Florentine banking system. He worked his way up through the ranks, eventually becoming a junior partner in the branch located in Rome. Vieri de\u2019 Medici retired in 1393 leaving the bank in the hands of Giovanni. From this point the Medici bank grew vastly and quickly. This growth culminated with the acquisition as the Chief Papal Banker, which meant that the Medici Bank now handled the accounts of the Church. The Medici family bank, which he founded in 1397, became his main commercial interest. The Medici bank under Giovanni had branches throughout the northern Italian city-states and beyond, and constituted an early \"multi-national\" company.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who was the sibling of Nannina de' Medici?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 423972, "question": "Nannina de' Medici >> mother", "answer": "Lucrezia Tornabuoni", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 540249, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Giuliano de' Medici", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Giuliano de' Medici", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1592}
{"id": "2hop__455158_247871", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Taputapuatea", "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mount View High School (Maine)", "paragraph_text": "Mount View High School is a public high school located in Thorndike, Maine, United States. The school is a part of Maine School Administrative District 3, and serves students from the towns of Brooks, Freedom, Jackson, Knox, Liberty, Monroe, Montville, Thorndike, Troy, Unity and Waldo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality", "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Moorea-Maiao", "paragraph_text": "Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pettai, Karaikal", "paragraph_text": "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "H\u00f6rnli", "paragraph_text": "H\u00f6rnli mountain is located on the territory of the community of Fischenthal, in the Z\u00fcrcher Oberland, in the eastern part of canton of Z\u00fcrich, in Switzerland. It is high.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Pangi Territory", "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Pak Tam Chung", "paragraph_text": "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Oblasts of the Soviet Union", "paragraph_text": "The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Ashland Community High School", "paragraph_text": "Ashland Community High School was located in Ashland, Maine, USA. It was part of Maine School Administrative District 32, or MSAD\u00a032, which serves Ashland, Garfield Plantation, Masardis, Oxbow, Portage Lake and Sheridan, Maine. There was a student population of 200 in school grades 7\u201312, with eighteen faculty members as well as administrators, a counselor and three support personnel. The school had achieved accredited status with the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "NRHEG High School", "paragraph_text": "NRHEG High School is located in New Richland, Minnesota. NRHEG stands for New Richland, Hartland, Ellendale, Geneva, which are the towns that the school district covers.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Krasnovishersky District", "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "New Richland, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "New Richland is a city in Waseca County, Minnesota, United States. The city was founded in 1877. The population was 1,203 at the 2010 census. Located in rural south-central Minnesota, New Richland is a small town with a strong agricultural base. In 2013, the NRHEG High School Women's Basketball team won the State Tournament.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "What county is the NRHEG High School located in?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 455158, "question": "NRHEG High School >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "New Richland", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}, {"id": 247871, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Waseca County", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "Waseca County", "answer_aliases": ["Waseca County, Minnesota"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2061}
{"id": "2hop__189094_612080", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Arlind Rustemi", "paragraph_text": "Arlind Rustemi (born 7 February 1986 in Vlor\u00eb) is an Albanian footballer who plays as a forward. As of the 2010\u201311 season he played for KF Vlora in the Albanian First Division. In October 2011 he moved to Maltese side Rabat Ajax, and scored on his debut.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Whitefield Park", "paragraph_text": "Whitefield Park was a football ground in Cambuslang, Scotland. It was the home ground of Cambuslang F.C. between 1888 and 1897, including their two seasons in the Scottish Football League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Regillio Simons", "paragraph_text": "Simons started playing football at FC Amstelland. He played for SC Telstar, Fortuna Sittard, NAC, Willem II (football club), Kyoto Purple Sanga (Japan), ADO Den Haag and TOP Oss. In his best time he was employed by Fortuna Sittard. In the 1998\u201399 season he had a big contribution with two goals in the 1\u20133 victory over Ajax in Amsterdam Arena. In that same year he scored four times in the 6\u20134 home win against PSV Eindhoven. After his professional career he defended several years the colors of FC T\u00fcrkiyemspor, an Amsterdam amateur club playing in the top Sunday league. From summer 2008 he played for the AFC Ajax (amateurs) for two years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Gervais Batota", "paragraph_text": "Gervais Batota (born 10 March 1982 in Brazzaville) is a French-Congolese footballer. He currently plays for FCM T\u00e2rgovi\u0219te. In January 2011 he signed a -year contract with FUS de Rabat .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Llanberis F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Llanberis F.C. () are a Welsh football club currently playing in the Welsh Alliance League Division 1. Their ground is located in the centre of the village. Their nickname is Y Darans.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Silvio Vella", "paragraph_text": "Silvio Vella (born 8 February 1967 in Toronto) was a professional footballer who played for Rabat Ajax and Hibernians as a defender. He is currently the head coach of Rabat Ajax.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Malcolm Licari", "paragraph_text": "Malcolm Licari (born 18 April 1978 in Piet\u00e0, Malta) is a retired professional footballer playing for Piet\u00e0 Hotspurs, Marsaxlokk, Floriana, Balzan and Rabat Ajax in the Maltese Premier League, where he plays as a striker, and also occasionally as a defender. Malcolm Licari used to be captain of Marsaxlokk before his move to Floriana at the end of 2011.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bisley F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Bisley F.C. (1965\u20132010) was a football club based in Bisley in Surrey Heath, Surrey, England, who played from 2001 in part of the Hellenic Football League until the 2009\u201310 season, after which its players agreed to join the Farnborough F.C. Reserves and permitted Farnborough F.C. to therefore takeover its \"Lion Park\" grounds and position in the league, which has regular paid match attendance at its main ground and uses the site as its football academy and elite development centre.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Melbourne Football Club", "paragraph_text": "The Melbourne Football Club, nicknamed the Demons, is a professional Australian rules football club, playing in the Australian Football League (AFL). It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kynoch Park", "paragraph_text": "Kynoch Park is a football ground in Keith in the north-east Scotland, which is the home ground of Highland Football League side Keith F.C.. It is located on Balloch Road in the east of the town and has a capacity of 4,000 with 370 seated.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Thabiso Nkoana", "paragraph_text": "Thabiso Nkoana (born 28 October 1992) is a South African footballer who plays for Ajax Cape Town as a striker.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Dudley Road", "paragraph_text": "Dudley Road was a football ground in Wolverhampton in England. It was the home ground of Wolverhampton Wanderers between 1881 and 1889, and was used during the first season of the Football League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "2015 AFL Grand Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football match contested between the Hawthorn Football Club and the West Coast Eagles at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 3 October 2015. It was the 119th annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 2015 AFL season. The match, attended by 98,632 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 46 points, marking the club's third consecutive premiership and thirteenth VFL/AFL premiership victory overall. Hawthorn's Cyril Rioli was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Rabat Ajax Football Ground", "paragraph_text": "The Rabat Ajax Football Ground is the training ground of Maltese football team Rabat Ajax F.C. and is located in the town of Mtarfa.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Bantu Mzwakali", "paragraph_text": "Bantu Mzwakali (born 9 November 199) is a South African football midfielder for Premier Soccer League club Ajax Cape Town and the South Africa U20.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Abderrahim Achchakir", "paragraph_text": "Abderrahim Achchakir (born December 15, 1986) is a Moroccan footballer who plays for FAR Rabat and the Morocco national team. He was a member of the Morocco national team at the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations in South Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Nwankwo Kanu", "paragraph_text": "Born in Owerri, Nigeria, Kanu began his career at Nigerian league club Federation Works, before moving to Iwuanyanwu Nationale. After a notable performance at the U-17 World Championships he was signed by Dutch Eredivisie AFC Ajax in 1993 for \u20ac207,047. He made his Ajax debut the following year and went on to score 25 goals in 54 appearances. Kanu also came on as a sub in Ajax's 1995 Champions League final win over AC Milan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Sander Westerveld", "paragraph_text": "Sander Westerveld (born 23 October 1974) is a Dutch former professional football goalkeeper who is the goalkeeping coach of South African Premier Soccer League club Ajax Cape Town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Mosset Park", "paragraph_text": "Mosset Park is a football ground in the town of Forres in the north-east of Scotland, which is the home ground of Highland Football League side Forres Mechanics F.C.. It is located on Lea Road in the north of the town and has a capacity of 2,700, with 502 seated.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Railways Ground", "paragraph_text": "Railways Ground is a multi-use stadium in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It is primarily used for football and is currently the home ground for PMC Club Athletico Faisalabad of the Pakistan Premier League. The stadium holds 10,000 spectators. Some football matches attract around 10,000 people.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What league does the team that occupies the Rabat Ajax Football Ground belong to?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 189094, "question": "Rabat Ajax Football Ground >> occupant", "answer": "Rabat Ajax F.C.", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 612080, "question": "#1 >> league", "answer": "Maltese Premier League", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}], "answer": "Maltese Premier League", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1320}
{"id": "2hop__765678_310556", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins", "paragraph_text": "The live - action cast features Robbie Amell as Fred, Kate Melton as Daphne, Hayley Kiyoko as Velma and Nick Palatas as Shaggy. Scooby - Doo was created using computer - generated imagery and his voice is provided by Frank Welker, who also was a cast member of the animated series, Scooby - Doo, Where Are You! and The Scooby - Doo Show, providing the voice of Fred.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Saturday Night Live (season 5)", "paragraph_text": "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Tim Credeur", "paragraph_text": "Timothy Wallace Credeur II (born July 9, 1977) is a retired American mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's \"The Ultimate Fighter 7\" and was defeated by fellow cast member Jesse Taylor in the semi-finals. He was then brought back into the competition following the disqualification of Taylor. He fought C.B. Dollaway for a spot in the finals and lost to Dollaway via decision.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Brittany Petros", "paragraph_text": "Brittany Petros (born September 9, 1974) is an American actress, producer, and television personality. She first rose to fame as a cast member on the first season of the reality-television competition \"Big Brother\" (2000), and has since gone on to appear as an actress in various roles. She has also done extensive work in production and casting roles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes", "paragraph_text": "It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khlo\u00e9's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khlo\u00e9. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "David Profumo", "paragraph_text": "Profumo was born in London, the son of former British government minister John Profumo and his wife, actress Valerie Hobson. The Profumo family is of Italian origin. David Profumo would have succeeded his father as 6th Baron Profumo in the nobility of the Kingdom of Sardinia, if the nobility of Italy had not been legally abolished after WW2. Like his father, he does not use this title.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Cult of Chucky", "paragraph_text": "Cult of Chucky is a 2017 American supernatural psychological slasher film written and directed by Don Mancini. The seventh installment of the franchise, following the 2013 film Curse of Chucky, it stars Brad Dourif as Chucky, with a supporting cast of Fiona Dourif, Alex Vincent, Jennifer Tilly and Summer H. Howell -- all of whom are returning cast members from the previous six installments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Escape from L.A.", "paragraph_text": "Escape from L.A. (also known as John Carpenter's Escape from L.A. or Escape from Los Angeles) is a 1996 American postapocalyptic action film co-written, co-scored, and directed by John Carpenter, co-written and produced by Debra Hill and Kurt Russell, with Russell also starring as Snake Plissken. A sequel to \"Escape from New York\", \"Escape from L.A.\" co-stars Steve Buscemi, Stacy Keach, Bruce Campbell, and Pam Grier. The film received a mixed reception and was a box-office bomb.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "National Commission for Scheduled Castes", "paragraph_text": "The first Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was set up in August 1978 with Bhola Paswan Shastri as Chairman and other four Members. In 1990 the Commission for SCs and STs was renamed as the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were formed as per 1987 and it was set up as a National Level Advisory Body to advise the Government on broad policy issues and levels of development of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dumbledore's Army", "paragraph_text": "When Cho's friend Marietta Edgecombe betrays the group to Umbridge (Cho herself while under the influence of the truth potion Veritaserum in the film), Marietta is cursed with pimples on her face as a result of Hermione's casting a spell on the D.A. membership list. Later on, to prevent Harry's expulsion and the incrimination of other members, Dumbledore claims responsibility for organising the group, then escapes when Ministry officials attempt to arrest him. Though the D.A. stops meeting following these events, three members -- Ginny, Neville and Luna -- join Harry, Ron and Hermione in the battle in the Department of Mysteries towards the end of the fifth book. In Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince, Neville and Luna are distraught due to the fact that the D.A. no longer exists. When Hogwarts is invaded by Death Eaters, they are among the members who join the Order of the Phoenix in the ensuing battle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Casablanca (film)", "paragraph_text": "Dooley Wilson as Sam. He was one of the few American - born members of the cast. A drummer, he had to fake playing the piano. Even after shooting had been completed, producer Wallis considered dubbing over Wilson's voice for the songs. He had originally considered changing the character to a woman and casting singers Hazel Scott, Lena Horne, or Ella Fitzgerald.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away!", "paragraph_text": "The first series introduces five initial cast members: Paul Bohill, Steve Pinner, Mike Allonby, Terry Jones, and Steve Wood. The day after the broadcast of the first programme, Allonby died aged 47 at his home in Wales. Both Jones and Wood subsequently only appeared in the first series, with Bohill and Pinner (High Court Solutions) the only two cast members who went on to appear in series two. The first three episodes became the most watched programme on the channel that week, with episodes four and five placing at second and third, respectively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ex on the Beach (British TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The seventh series of the show began on 20 June 2017. This series was filmed on location on the island of Bali in Indonesia. The series was confirmed on 26 February 2017. The cast members for the series were confirmed on 23 May 2017 which include Geordie Shore stars Chloe Ferry and Marty McKenna, Love Island contestants Max Morley and Josh Ritchie, as well as Beauty School Cop Outs cast member Savannah Kemplay. Marty and Josh had previously appeared in the third and sixth series of the show respectively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Basketball Wives LA", "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Leterrier", "paragraph_text": "Fran\u00e7ois Leterrier, born 26 May 1929 in Margny-l\u00e8s-Compi\u00e8gne, is a French film director and actor. He entered the film industry when he was cast in Robert Bresson's film \"A Man Escaped\". After this he went on to become a director himself.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Han dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The Han-era family was patrilineal and typically had four to five nuclear family members living in one household. Multiple generations of extended family members did not occupy the same house, unlike families of later dynasties. According to Confucian family norms, various family members were treated with different levels of respect and intimacy. For example, there were different accepted time frames for mourning the death of a father versus a paternal uncle. Arranged marriages were normal, with the father's input on his offspring's spouse being considered more important than the mother's. Monogamous marriages were also normal, although nobles and high officials were wealthy enough to afford and support concubines as additional lovers. Under certain conditions dictated by custom, not law, both men and women were able to divorce their spouses and remarry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "List of The Young and the Restless cast members", "paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "One Tree Hill (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "Season six is the final season for original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Their characters, Lucas and Peyton, leave Tree Hill with their newborn baby in the finale.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "French Connection II", "paragraph_text": "French Connection II is a 1975 action thriller film starring Gene Hackman and directed by John Frankenheimer. It is a fictional sequel to the initially true story of the 1971 Academy Award winning picture \"The French Connection\". The film expands on the central character of Det. Jimmy \"Popeye\" Doyle who travels to Marseille, France where he is attempting to track down French drug-dealer Alain Charnier, who escaped at the end of the first film. Hackman won an Academy Award for Best Actor for the original \"The French Connection\" and he and Fernando Rey are the only returning cast members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "No Escape (1936 film)", "paragraph_text": "No Escape is a 1936 British thriller film directed by Norman Lee and starring Valerie Hobson, Leslie Perrins and Robert Cochran. The screenplay concerns a man who attempts to hide his friend for a month.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who was married to the star of No Escape?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 765678, "question": "No Escape >> cast member", "answer": "Valerie Hobson", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 310556, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "John Profumo", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "John Profumo", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2185}
{"id": "2hop__304852_758385", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "WKDM", "paragraph_text": "WKDM 1380 is a United States ethnic brokered radio station licensed to New York City. The station is owned by Multicultural Broadcasting and airs programming in Mandarin Chinese, 24 hours a day from Monday to Friday. On the weekends, it broadcasts in Mexican Spanish for a Mexican audience. Its transmitting facility is located in Carlstadt, New Jersey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "WRNX", "paragraph_text": "WRNX (100.9 FM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Amherst, Massachusetts. The station is owned by iHeartMedia and the broadcast license is held by CC Licenses, LLC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "WRGV", "paragraph_text": "WRGV (107.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Pensacola, Florida, United States. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and the broadcast license is held by Clear Channel Broadcasting Licenses, Inc. WRGV broadcasts an urban contemporary music format to the greater Pensacola, Florida, and Mobile, Alabama, area. Its studios are located located inside the building of unrelated television station WKRG on Broadcast Drive in Mobile, and the transmitter is near Robertsdale, Alabama.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "WHOS", "paragraph_text": "WHOS (800 AM, \"The Big Talker\") is a radio station licensed to serve Decatur, Alabama, United States. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and the broadcast license is held by Capstar TX Limited Partnership. WHOS is one of five stations in the Huntsville, Alabama, market owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. The station is also simulcast on WBHP at 1230 AM in Huntsville, a 106.5 FM broadcast translator in Huntsville, and on WQRV-HD2 (HD Radio). Its studios are located in Madison, Alabama and its transmitter is located in West Decatur, Alabama.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "WRLS-FM", "paragraph_text": "WRLS-FM (92.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Hayward, Wisconsin, United States. The station's broadcast license is held by Vacationland Broadcasting, Inc.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "KPRM", "paragraph_text": "KPRM (870 AM) is a radio station in Park Rapids, Minnesota. It has a hybrid classic country/conservative talk radio format. Locally, it broadcasts the popular \"Coffee Talk\" morning show, and is currently simulcasted on KDKK and KAKK.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "KPBD", "paragraph_text": "KPBD (89.3 FM) is a defunct American non-commercial educational radio station that was licensed to serve the community of Big Spring, the county seat of Howard County, Texas. The station's broadcast license was held by Paulino Bernal Evangelism. The station began broadcasting in June 2005 and went dark in May 2009 which led to the cancellation of the station's broadcast license in June 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "WJYM", "paragraph_text": "WJYM is an American radio station licensed to broadcast from Bowling Green, Ohio. Its studios and transmitter are located in Lime City near Perrysburg, and the station serves the Toledo metropolitan area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "KOLL", "paragraph_text": "KOLL (106.3 FM, \"La Zeta\") is a radio station licensed in Lonoke, Arkansas, broadcasting to the Little Rock, Arkansas, area. KOLL airs Regional Mexican music format. The station's studios are located in West Little Rock, and the transmitter tower is located near Pettus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "KFRU", "paragraph_text": "KFRU (1400 AM) is a radio station located in Columbia, Missouri, broadcasting with 1\u00a0kW of power. Its programming format consists primarily of news, talk and sports. The station is licensed to Cumulus Media.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "WGFX", "paragraph_text": "WGFX is a radio station broadcasting on the FM band at 104.5 MHz licensed to the city of Gallatin, Tennessee, but serving the Nashville market as a whole. It is currently branded as 104.5 The Zone, broadcasting a sports talk format. It is owned by Cumulus Media and operates out of studios in Nashville's Music Row district. Its transmitter is located just north of downtown Nashville.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "WRMN", "paragraph_text": "WRMN (1410 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Elgin, Illinois. The station's broadcast license is held by Elgin Community Broadcasting LLC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "WNDE", "paragraph_text": "WNDE (1260 AM) is a Sports formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Indianapolis, Indiana, serving the Indianapolis metropolitan area. The station, which began broadcasting in 1924, is owned and operated by iHeartMedia. The WNDE broadcast license is held by Capstar TX LLC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "CJXY-FM", "paragraph_text": "CJXY-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 107.9 FM and serving the Hamilton, Ontario market, licensed to the nearby city of Burlington. The station broadcasts an active rock format as \"Y108\". CJXY's studios are located on Main Street West (next to Highway 403) in Hamilton, while its transmitter is located atop the Niagara Escarpment near Burlington.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "KAPE", "paragraph_text": "KAPE (1550 AM, \"Cape Radio 1550\") is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Cape Girardeau, Missouri. The station is owned by Withers Broadcasting and the broadcast license is held by Withers Broadcasting Company of Missouri, LLC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "WHRZ-LP", "paragraph_text": "WHRZ-LP (104.1 FM) also known as The Z, is a non-commercial low-power FM radio station located in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The station is licensed by the FCC to broadcast with an ERP of 47 watts (.047\u00a0kW).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Emmaville, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Emmaville is an unincorporated community in Hubbard County, Minnesota, United States, half way between Park Rapids and Lake George. The small community is located at the junction of Hubbard County Roads 4 and 24, within Clay Township and Lake Emma Township. Through the years, population estimates have been listed between 4 and 29.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "KFGY", "paragraph_text": "KFGY is a commercial radio station licensed to Healdsburg, California, broadcasting to the Santa Rosa, California area on 92.9 FM. Its programming is also broadcast on translator K300AO at 107.9\u00a0MHz, licensed to Santa Rosa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "WKHK", "paragraph_text": "WKHK is a Country formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Colonial Heights, Virginia, serving Richmond and Petersburg in Virginia. WKHK is owned and operated by SummitMedia. The station's studios and offices are located west of Richmond proper in unincorporated Chesterfield County, and its transmitter is located in Bensley, Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What administrative territorial entity contains the place where KPRM is licensed to broadcast to?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 304852, "question": "KPRM >> licensed to broadcast to", "answer": "Park Rapids", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 758385, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Hubbard County", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Hubbard County", "answer_aliases": ["Hubbard County, Minnesota"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1497}
{"id": "2hop__628752_538661", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Inju: The Beast in the Shadow", "paragraph_text": "Inju: The Beast in the Shadow (French: Inju, la b\u00eate dans l'ombre) is a 2008 film by Barbet Schroeder. The film stars Beno\u00eet Magimel and Lika Minamoto and was filmed on location in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Great Detective", "paragraph_text": "\"The Great Detective\" was inspired by the exploits of John Wilson Murray, Canada's first government-appointed detective, set in the latter part of the Victorian era. The leading character, Inspector Alistair Cameron, was a fictional counterpart of Murray. Inspector Cameron was ably assisted by his friend, forensic scientist Dr. Chisholm. A taped series, \"The Great Detective\" was produced on location at Rockwood, Kleinburg and Shadow Lake in Ontario, as well as Victoria, areas of downtown Toronto and CBC's television Studio 7.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "A Shadow on the Glass", "paragraph_text": "The series follows the characters Llian, a brilliant chronicler from the College of Histories in Chanthed, and Karan, a young woman who owns the humble lands of Gothryme. \"A Shadow on the Glass\" was published in 1998 by Penguin Books.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Weird Shadows Over Innsmouth", "paragraph_text": "Weird Shadows Over Innsmouth is an anthology of Cthulhu Mythos stories edited by Stephen Jones. It was published by Fedogan & Bremer in 2005 in an edition of 2,100 copies of which 100 were signed. The anthology contains a discarded draft of the H. P. Lovecraft novella \"The Shadow Over Innsmouth\" and several stories by other authors written as sequels to the Lovecraft story. Eight of the stories are original to this collection. Others first appeared in the magazines \"The Acolyte\" and \"The Spook\" or in anthologies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "United States Naval Institute", "paragraph_text": "The United States Naval Institute (USNI), based in Annapolis, Maryland, is a private, non-profit, professional military association that seeks to offer independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national defense and security issues. In addition to publishing magazines and books, the Naval Institute holds several annual conferences.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "In the Shadow of Greatness", "paragraph_text": "In the Shadow of Greatness is a 2012 book written by 33 members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 2002 and published by the United States Naval Institute. The authors describe how their lives were shaped by their experiences at the Academy, the September 11 attacks, and events following graduation.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Shadowers", "paragraph_text": "The Shadowers is a novel by Donald Hamilton first published in 1964, continuing the exploits of assassin Matt Helm. It was the seventh novel of the series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "General Electric", "paragraph_text": "GE is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut. Its main offices are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center in New York City, known now as the Comcast Building. It was formerly known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof; NBC's headquarters and main studios are also located in the building. Through its RCA subsidiary, it has been associated with the center since its construction in the 1930s. GE moved its corporate headquarters from the GE Building on Lexington Avenue to Fairfield in 1974.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Revenge of the Shadow King", "paragraph_text": "The Revenge of the Shadow King is the first volume of three books in the Grey Griffins series written in collaborative writing by American authors Derek Benz and J.S. Lewis, and published by Orchard Books, an imprint of Scholastic Inc. The book follows the story of four friends who form The Order of the Grey Griffin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jirania", "paragraph_text": "Jirania is a small town in Tripura state of India on the banks of river Saidra. It is a nagar panchayat and also the headquarters of Jirania Rural Development Block. It is located in Sadar sub-divisions of West Tripura district. It has 3 major high schools. Its market is of great importance for the local business and its sustainence. It lies on the National Highway 44 (Assam-Agartala Highway) of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Alamnagar", "paragraph_text": "Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58\u00a0km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Insanely Twisted Shadow Planet", "paragraph_text": "Insanely Twisted Shadow Planet is a shooter puzzle video game developed by Shadow Planet Productions (Fuelcell Games/Gagne International) and published by Microsoft Studios for Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. A self-published DRM-free version with soundtrack included was featured in the Humble Indie Bundle 13.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Alien (franchise)", "paragraph_text": "Several novelizations of each of the six films and some comic books as well as original canonical novels based on the franchise have been released. The original novels include Alien: Out of the Shadows, Alien: Sea of Sorrows, Alien: River of Pain, marketed as the Canonical Alien Trilogy and the short story collection Aliens: Bug Hunt. Out of the Shadows and River of Pain were adapted into audio dramas in 2016 & 2017 respectively released on the Alien Day of the respective year. Alan Dean Foster published Alien: Covenant -- Origins, a novel set between the events of Prometheus and Alien: Covenant", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Great Lakes Group", "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes Group (GLG) is an American full-service marine-related transportation company headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. The Great Lakes Group is the parent Company to The Great Lakes Towing Company, Great Lakes Shipyard, Tugz International L.L.C., Puerto Rico Towing & Barge Co., Soo Linehandling Services, Admiral Towing and Barge Company, and Wind Logistics, Inc.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Casey's Shadow", "paragraph_text": "Casey's Shadow is a 1978 drama Metrocolor film directed by Martin Ritt and starring Walter Matthau. The film was based on a short story in \"Ruidoso\" (published April 29,1974, in The New Yorker magazine) by John McPhee. Much of the exterior shots were done in the town of Opelousas, LA (20 miles north of Lafayette, LA).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "The Wreck of the Zanzibar", "paragraph_text": "The Wreck Of The Zanzibar is a children's novel by Michael Morpurgo. It was first published in Great Britain by William Heinemann Publishers in 1995. The book won the Whitbread Children's Book Award in 1995.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Spry Fox", "paragraph_text": "Spry Fox is a video game producing company headquartered in Seattle, United States, that was founded in 2010 by David Edery and Daniel Cook. The company produced the games Triple Town, a freemium strategy puzzle game with city-building game elements for social networks and mobile devices; Steambirds, a strategy flying game for mobile devices; Road Not Taken, a roguelike puzzle game; and co-created Realm of the Mad God with Wild Shadow Studios. When Wild Shadow Studios was acquired by Kabam in June 2012, Spry Fox sold its stake in the game to Kabam as part of the deal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Geography of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The Great Basin and Columbia Plateau (the Intermontane Plateaus) are arid or semiarid regions that lie in the rain shadow of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada. Precipitation averages less than 15 inches (38 cm). The Southwest is a hot desert, with temperatures exceeding 100 \u00b0F (37.8 \u00b0C) for several weeks at a time in summer. The Southwest and the Great Basin are also affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California from July to September, which brings localized but often severe thunderstorms to the region.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The Shadow of Saganami", "paragraph_text": "The Shadow of Saganami is a science fiction novel by American writer David Weber, published in 2004. Set in the Honorverse, it has been billed as the first in the \"Saganami Island\" series, spun off from the main Honor Harrington series. The book debuted at #16 on \"The New York Times\" best seller list for hardcover fiction.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Great Wolf Resorts", "paragraph_text": "Black Wolf Lodge was founded in 1997 by brothers Jack and Andrew ``Turk ''Waterman, the original owners of Noah's Ark water park in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. Black Wolf Lodge was purchased by The Great Lakes Company in 1999. Later that year, founders Marc Vaccaro and Bruce Neviaser changed the name to Great Wolf Lodge and the company headquarters were established in Madison, Wisconsin. In 2001, the company built a second location in Sandusky, Ohio, and named it Great Bear Lodge. When a third location opened in 2003, the decision was made to place all future parks under the Great Wolf Lodge banner. The name of the Ohio location was changed to Great Wolf Lodge in 2004. The chain has since added twelve additional locations and has one in development.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where are the headquarters for the publisher of In the Shadow of Greatness?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 628752, "question": "In the Shadow of Greatness >> publisher", "answer": "United States Naval Institute", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 538661, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location", "answer": "Annapolis", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "Annapolis", "answer_aliases": ["Annapolis, Maryland"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1703}
{"id": "2hop__661847_288421", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005. Cooperation between ESA and the Hellenic National Space Committee began in the early 1990s. In 1994 Greece and ESA signed their first cooperation agreement. Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005. As member of the ESA, Greece participates in the agency's telecommunication and technology activities, and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Initiative.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "You Were There for Me", "paragraph_text": "You Were There for Me is a collaboration studio album of Peter Rowan and Tony Rice. The record marks their first full-fledged cooperation, though they had previously appeared on several albums together.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "John Cooper Clarke", "paragraph_text": "John Cooper Clarke (born 25 January 1949) is an English performance poet who first became famous during the punk rock era of the late 1970s when he became known as a ``punk poet ''. He released several albums in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and continues to perform regularly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Full-time", "paragraph_text": "Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Hangin' with Mr. Cooper", "paragraph_text": "Hangin 'with Mr. Cooper is an American television sitcom that originally aired on ABC from September 22, 1992 to August 30, 1997, starring Mark Curry and Holly Robinson. The show took place in Curry's hometown of Oakland, California. Hangin' with Mr. Cooper was produced by Jeff Franklin Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television (it was produced by Lorimar Television for the first season only, before it was absorbed by Warner Bros.), and also became produced by Bickley - Warren Productions by the third season. The show originally aired on Tuesdays in prime time after sister series Full House (which was also created by Jeff Franklin and set in the San Francisco Bay Area). The show found its niche as an addition to the TGIF Friday night lineup on ABC, and was part of the lineup from September 1993 to May 1996 (spanning the show's second, third and fourth seasons; airing in - between Step By Step and the news magazine series 20 / 20), before moving to Saturdays for its fifth and final season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Don Draper", "paragraph_text": "Don Draper Mad Men character Jon Hamm as Don Draper First appearance ``Smoke Gets in Your Eyes ''(1.01) Last appearance`` Person to Person'' (7.14) Created by Matthew Weiner Portrayed by Jon Hamm Brandon Killham (Young Dick Whitman) Information Full name Donald Francis Draper Nickname (s) Don, Dick Aliases Richard Whitman (birth name) Occupation Senior Partner and Creative Director, Sterling Cooper & Partners (season 6 -- present; End of Season 7 Part 1 for Creative Director) Founding Partner, Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce (seasons 4 -- 6) Creative Director, Sterling Cooper (seasons 1 -- 3) Family Archibald Whitman Evangeline Abigail Whitman (stepmother) Uncle Mac (stepfather) Spouse (s) Megan Calvet (1965 -- 1970) Betty Hofstadt (1953 -- 1964) Anna M. Draper (widow of real Don Draper, div. 1953) Children Sally Beth Draper (daughter) Robert ``Bobby ''Draper (son) Eugene Scott Draper (son) Relatives Adam Whitman (half brother)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "A Fistful of Alice", "paragraph_text": "A Fistful of Alice is a live album by Alice Cooper. It was released in 1997, and was recorded the previous year at Sammy Hagar's Cabo Wabo club in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Slash plays guitar for part of the album (returning the favor after Cooper guested on \"The Garden from the 1991 Guns N' Roses album \"Use Your Illusion I\") and Cooper says before the song \"Desperado\" that it was written about Jim Morrison, who died in 1971, the same year Cooper wrote the song. Also featured in the album are Rob Zombie on vocals and Sammy Hagar on guitar. The only song from the show that has not been commercially released is the title track from 1991's \"Hey Stoopid\". The last song, \"Is Anyone Home?\", is a studio recording recorded specifically for the album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "School for Secrets", "paragraph_text": "School for Secrets (also known as Secret Flight) is a 1946 British black and white film written and directed by Peter Ustinov and starring Ralph Richardson. In leading supporting roles were David Tomlinson, Raymond Huntley, Finlay Currie, Richard Attenborough, John Laurie and Michael Hordern. Developed with the full cooperation of the Air Ministry, the film celebrates the discovery of radar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Def Squad", "paragraph_text": "Def Squad is a rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman and Keith Murray. Jamal is considered an honorary member of the Def Squad. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman", "paragraph_text": "Jane Seymour -- Dr. Michaela Quinn Joe Lando -- Byron Sully Chad Allen -- Matthew Cooper Erika Flores -- Colleen Cooper (seasons 1 - 3) Jessica Bowman -- Colleen Cooper Cook (mid-season 3 -- 6) Shawn Toovey -- Brian Cooper", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Full Cooperation", "paragraph_text": "\"Full Cooperation\" is a song by the American hip hop group Def Squad recorded for their sole album \"El Ni\u00f1o\" (1998). The song was released as the only single in promotion of the album on April 14, 1998.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Fonejacker", "paragraph_text": "Fonejacker is a British comedy programme broadcast on E4 featuring a series of prank calls involving a number of different characters performed by British Iranian television actor Kayvan Novak. It first appeared in May 2006 and became a full series in 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Salem County Vocational Technical Schools", "paragraph_text": "The Salem County Vocational Technical Schools (SCVTS) is a countywide vocational and technical public school district, serving the educational needs of residents of Salem County, New Jersey, United States. The district offers programs on both a full-time and shared-time basis in cooperation and partnership with the county's elementary and secondary schools, local and regional colleges and universities, for both school-aged students and adults.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Frank TV", "paragraph_text": "Frank TV was an American sketch comedy show starring \"Mad TV\" veteran Frank Caliendo, Mike MacRae, and Freddy Lockhart. Caliendo hosted the show and performed in sketches in full makeup as characters he impersonated.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty", "paragraph_text": "``Happily Ever After ''is Part 6 in the 6 issue story arc of Archie Marries Veronica / Archie Marries Betty that was originally presented in Archie # 605. The story features a futuristic look into the life of Archie Andrews and Betty Cooper as they raise a pair of fraternal twins.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Ann Grifalconi", "paragraph_text": "Ann Grifalconi (born September 22, 1929) is an American author and illustrator of children's books. Born in New York, she studied art at the Cooper Union School of Art, where she received a certificate in advertising art in 1950. She worked for several years in advertising and display, then taught art and design at the High School of Fashion Industries before leaving to become a full-time illustrator and author.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Gregory and the Hawk", "paragraph_text": "Meredith Godreau is an American singer-songwriter performing under the pseudonym Gregory and the Hawk. Active since 2003, Godreau initially enjoyed independent success with two EPs and a full-length album selling a total of 15,000 copies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "School's Out (song)", "paragraph_text": "``School's Out ''is a 1972 song first recorded as the title track single of Alice Cooper's fifth album and written by the Alice Cooper band: Cooper, Michael Bruce, Glen Buxton, Dennis Dunaway and Neal Smith.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Africa Partnership Station", "paragraph_text": "Africa Partnership Station (or APS) is an international initiative developed by United States Naval Forces Europe-Africa, which works cooperatively with U.S. and international partners to improve maritime safety and security in Africa as part of US Africa Command's Security Cooperation program.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "RCBC Plaza", "paragraph_text": "The RCBC Plaza was designed by international architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP, in cooperation with local architectural firm W.V. Coscolluela & Associates. The structural design was provided by international engineering company Skilling Ward Magnusson Barkshire in cooperation with local engineering company R.S. Caparros Associates & Company. Project management services was provided by Bovis Lend Lease, while construction management works were provided by Pacific Orient Consultants & Management, Inc. The Main Contractor was ECW Joint Venture consisting of EEI Corporation (Philippines), Concrete Constructions (Australia) and Walter Bau (Germany). The superstructure construction works were self performed by ECW JV. EEI Corporation is also a part of the Yuchengco Group of Companies.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is part of the band that performed Full Cooperation?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 661847, "question": "Full Cooperation >> performer", "answer": "Def Squad", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 288421, "question": "#1 >> has part", "answer": "Erick Sermon", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "Erick Sermon", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2002}
{"id": "2hop__496732_658428", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Taputapuatea", "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Geography of Hong Kong", "paragraph_text": "Hong Kong has a total area of , of which 3.16% is water. 60 islands are dispersed around Hong Kong, the largest of which by area is Lantau Island, located Southwest of the main peninsula. Lantau Island and the majority of the remaining islands are part of the New Territories, an area that also encompasses the hilly terrain north of Kowloon. Hong Kong Island is separated from Kowloon by Victoria Harbour, a natural landform harbour. The Kowloon Peninsula to the south of Boundary Street and the New Territories to the north of Hong Kong Island were added to Colonial Hong Kong in 1860 and 1898 respectively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Gl\u00e9nan Islands", "paragraph_text": "The Gl\u00e9nan islands ( or , ) are an archipelago located off the coast of France. They are located in the south of Finist\u00e8re, near Concarneau and Fouesnant, and comprise nine major islands: Saint-Nicolas, the Loc'h, Penfret, Cigogne, Drenec, Bananec, Brunec, Guiriden and Gu\u00e9otec. In addition, there are over a dozen smaller islets as Quign\u00e9nec, Brilimec or Kastell Bargain. \u00cele aux Moutons, halfway to the continent, is considered to be a part of the archipelago. Administratively, the islands belong to the commune of Fouesnant.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Steinshamn", "paragraph_text": "Steinshamn is the administrative centre of Sand\u00f8y Municipality in M\u00f8re og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located at the northern end of the island of Har\u00f8ya. There is a causeway that connects Steinshamn to the neighboring island of Finn\u00f8ya to the northeast.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nughu", "paragraph_text": "Nughu is an island in the Solomon Islands; it is located in Guadalcanal Province. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 12 metres.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Northwest Territories", "paragraph_text": "Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, as well as three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south. It possibly meets Manitoba at a quadripoint to the extreme southeast, though surveys have not been completed. It has a land area of 1,183,085 km2 (456,792 sq mi).Geographical features include Great Bear Lake, the largest lake entirely within Canada, and Great Slave Lake, the deepest body of water in North America at 614 m (2,014 ft), as well as the Mackenzie River and the canyons of the Nahanni National Park Reserve, a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Territorial islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago include Banks Island, Borden Island, Prince Patrick Island, and parts of Victoria Island and Melville Island. Its highest point is Mount Nirvana near the border with Yukon at an elevation of 2,773 m (9,098 ft).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Milingimbi Airport", "paragraph_text": "Milingimbi Airport is an airport located east northeast of Milingimbi on Milingimbi Island, Northern Territory in Australia. The airport received funding for security upgrades in 2006.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hinagdanan Cave", "paragraph_text": "Hinagdanan Cave is a cave in the municipality of Dauis on Panglao Island, in Bohol Province, in the Philippines. It is a naturally lighted cavern with a deep lagoon and many large stalactites and stalagmites.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sjernar\u00f8y", "paragraph_text": "Sjernar\u00f8y is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The island municipality existed from 1868 until its dissolution in 1965. The municipality was located in the Boknafjorden in the present-day municipality of Finn\u00f8y. The administrative centre of the municipality was located on the island of Kyrkj\u00f8y, where the Sjernar\u00f8y Church is located.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Coloane Park", "paragraph_text": "Coloane Park is a large park located on the southern section of Coloane Island in the former Portuguese colony of Macau, now a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Marshall Islands", "paragraph_text": "Following capture and occupation by the United States during World War II, the Marshall Islands, along with several other island groups located in Micronesia, passed formally to the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 21.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "States and federal territories of Malaysia", "paragraph_text": "Eleven states and two federal territories are located on the Malay Peninsula, collectively called Peninsular Malaysia (Semenanjung Malaysia) or West Malaysia. Two states  are on the island of Borneo, and the remaining one federal territory consists of islands offshore of Borneo; they are collectively referred to as East Malaysia or Malaysian Borneo. Out of the 13 states in Malaysia, 9 are hereditary monarchies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Poronaysky District", "paragraph_text": "Poronaysky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; one of the seventeen in the oblast. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Poronaysky Urban Okrug. It is located in the eastern central part of the Island of Sakhalin. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Poronaysk. Population (excluding the administrative center):", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Poum", "paragraph_text": "Poum is a commune in the North Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The town of Poum (Latitude: 20\u00b0 13' 59\" south, longitude: 164\u00b0 1' 23\" east) is located in the far northwest, located on the southern part of Banare Bay, with Mouac Island just offshore.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Cape Fourcroy Light", "paragraph_text": "Cape Fourcroy Light is an active lighthouse located on Cape Fourcroy, on the southwestern tip of Bathurst Island, Northern Territory, Australia. The lighthouse marks the beginning of the route from the Timor Sea to Darwin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Huahine", "paragraph_text": "Huahine is an island located among the Society Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Leeward Islands group \"(\u00celes sous le Vent).\" At the 2017 census it had a population of 6,075.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Bansaan", "paragraph_text": "Bansaan is a boomerang-shaped island located in the off the mid-northern coast of Bohol Island, . It is part of the municipality of Talibon, province.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Khong Island", "paragraph_text": "Khong Island or Don Khong is the largest island and the seat of administration in the Si Phan Don riverine archipelago located in the Mekong River, Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "The territory containing Bansaan Island is located at which island?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 496732, "question": "Bansaan Island >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Bohol", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 658428, "question": "#1 >> located on terrain feature", "answer": "Panglao Island", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "Panglao Island", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1800}
{"id": "2hop__175175_347233", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sicilian pizza", "paragraph_text": "Sicilian pizza is pizza prepared in a manner that originated in Sicily, Italy. Sicilian pizza is also known as \"sfincione\" or focaccia with toppings. In the United States, the phrase \"Sicilian pizza\" is often synonymous with thick-crust pizza derived from the Sicilian \"sfincione\" .This type of pizza became a popular dish in western Sicily by the mid-19th century and was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily until the 1860s. The version with tomatoes was not available prior to the 17th century. It eventually reached North America in a slightly altered form, with thicker crust and a rectangular shape.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Tathlina Lake", "paragraph_text": "Tathlina Lake is a large, shallow lake, located in the Northwest Territories, Canada. An outcropping of the Kakisa Formation occurs along the side of this lake.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Chumak (company)", "paragraph_text": "Chumak () is a Swedish-Ukrainian food processing company located in Kakhovka, Kherson Oblast. It is today one of Ukraine's biggest food processing companies and has commercial offices in Kiev, Minsk and Moscow. Among its products are ketchup, mayonnaise, pasta, salad dressings, cooking sauces, canned vegetables, marinated vegetables, tomato juice and sunflower oil. Chumak is the largest tomato processing company in Central and Eastern Europe. The company currently (2010) employs about 1200 people and has a revenue of about 48 million Euros.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Fort Mitchell, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Fort Mitchell is a home rule-class city in Kenton County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 8,207 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Krasnovishersky District", "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve", "paragraph_text": "Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve is a protected area in the Northern Territory of Australia located in the locality of Ghan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pizza Hut", "paragraph_text": "Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney. The company is known for its Italian - American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts. Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015, and is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Snappy Tomato Pizza", "paragraph_text": "Snappy Tomato Pizza is a pizza chain that started in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, and has over 60 locations nationwide. Its headquarters are in Burlington, Kentucky. The chain specializes in pizza, but also serves calzones, hoagies, salads, pasta, dessert and appetizers.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Homewood, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Homewood is a small unincorporated community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States, just north of Conway in the northeastern part of the state. Homewood is located at the junction of South Carolina Highway 319 and U.S. Highway 701. There is an elementary school in the community. Many of the inhabitants make a living from family farms, growing tobacco, corn, soybeans, and tomatoes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "2010 United States tomato shortage", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 United States tomato shortage was a shortage of tomatoes in the United States between March and April 2010 caused by unseasonably cold weather in Florida in January 2010 which destroyed 60-70% of the state's tomato crop. There was also a shortage of tomatoes over the new year holiday, caused by the Californian harvest finishing before the Florida harvest began.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Taputapuatea", "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries", "paragraph_text": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Emp\u00faries or Emp\u00f2rion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Emp\u00faries moved to Castell\u00f3 d'Emp\u00faries place less exposed to attack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "New Haven, Connecticut", "paragraph_text": "New Haven's greatest culinary claim to fame may be its pizza, which has been claimed to be among the best in the country, or even in the world. New Haven-style pizza, called \"apizza\" (pronounced ah-BEETS, [a\u02c8pitts] in the original Italian dialect), made its debut at the iconic Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana (known as Pepe's) in 1925. Apizza is baked in coal- or wood-fired brick ovens, and is notable for its thin crust. Apizza may be red (with a tomato-based sauce) or white (with a sauce of garlic and olive oil), and pies ordered \"plain\" are made without the otherwise customary mozzarella cheese (originally smoked mozzarella, known as \"scamorza\" in Italian). A white clam pie is a well-known specialty of the restaurants on Wooster Street in the Little Italy section of New Haven, including Pepe's and Sally's Apizza (which opened in 1938). Modern Apizza on State Street, which opened in 1934, is also well-known.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Kakisa Lake", "paragraph_text": "Kakisa Lake is a large lake located in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is fed by the Kakisa River, and near to the community of Kakisa. An outcropping of the Kakisa Formation occurs along the side of this lake.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Motru Coal Mine", "paragraph_text": "Motru Coal Mine is an open-pit mining exploitation, one of the largest in Romania located in Motru, Gorj County. The legal entity managing the Motru mine is the National Company of Lignite Oltenia which was set up in 1997.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In which county did Snappy Tomato Pizza form?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 175175, "question": "Snappy Tomato Pizza >> location of formation", "answer": "Fort Mitchell", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 347233, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Kenton County", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "Kenton County", "answer_aliases": ["Kenton County, Kentucky"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2118}
{"id": "2hop__496961_554601", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Natural-born-citizen clause", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Constitution uses but does not define the phrase ``natural born Citizen '', and various opinions have been offered over time regarding its precise meaning. The consensus of early 21st - century constitutional scholars, together with relevant case law, is that natural - born citizens include, subject to exceptions, those born in the United States. Many scholars have also concluded that those who meet the legal requirements for U.S. citizenship`` at the moment of birth'', regardless of place of birth, are also natural - born citizens. Every president to date was either a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 or was born in the United States; of these there have been seven that had at least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Female reproductive system", "paragraph_text": "The vagina is a fibromuscular (made up of fibrous and muscular tissue) canal leading from the outside of the body to the cervix of the uterus or womb. It is also referred to as the birth canal in the context of pregnancy. The vagina accommodates the male penis during sexual intercourse. Semen containing spermatazoa is ejaculated from the male at orgasm, into the vagina potentially enabling fertilization of the egg cell (ovum) to take place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Star Trek: Birth of the Federation", "paragraph_text": "Star Trek: Birth of the Federation (also known as Star Trek: The Next Generation: Birth of the Federation and Birth of the Federation) is a 4X turn-based strategy video game developed by MicroProse and published by Hasbro Interactive. The game was initially released on May 25, 1999 for Windows personal computers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "La Rosiere de Pessac", "paragraph_text": "La Rosi\u00e8re de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "William Perry (American football)", "paragraph_text": "William Perry No. 72, 90, 95 Position: Defensive tackle, fullback Date of birth: (1962 - 12 - 16) December 16, 1962 (age 54) Place of birth: Aiken, South Carolina Height: 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) Weight: 350 lb (159 kg) Career information High school: Aiken (SC) College: Clemson NFL Draft: 1985 / Round: 1 / Pick: 22 Career history Chicago Bears (1985 -- 1993) Philadelphia Eagles (1993 -- 1994) London Monarchs (1996) Career highlights and awards Inducted to the (WWE) Hall of Fame (2006) Super Bowl champion (XX) Consensus All - American (1983) Career NFL statistics Sacks: 29.5 Games: 138 Offensive TDs: 3 Player stats at NFL.com", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "A Prisoner of Birth", "paragraph_text": "A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's \"The Count of Monte Cristo\". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "2018 Illinois gubernatorial election", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Illinois gubernatorial election takes place as part of the 2018 Illinois general election and elects the Governor of Illinois. The Democratic and Republican general primary elections will take place on March 20, 2018, and the general election will take place on November 6, 2018.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "La naissance d'Osiris", "paragraph_text": "La naissance d'Osiris, ou La f\u00eate Pamilie (\"The Birth of Osiris, or The Festival of Pamylia\") is a one-act opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, first performed on 12 October 1754 at Fontainebleau to celebrate the birth of the future King Louis XVI. The libretto is by Rameau's frequent collaborator Louis de Cahusac. Cahusac styled the work a \"ballet all\u00e9gorique\" (\"allegorical ballet\"), but it is usually categorised as an \"acte de ballet\". Its slender plot tells of Jupiter's announcement to a group of Egyptian shepherds of the birth of the god Osiris, who symbolises the baby prince. The piece may have started life as part of a larger work, \"Les beaux jours de l'Amour\", an \"op\u00e9ra-ballet\" Rameau and Cahusac planned but never completed for reasons which are still uncertain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Census of Quirinius", "paragraph_text": "The Census of Quirinius was a census of Judea taken by Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, Roman governor of Syria, upon the imposition of direct Roman rule in 6 CE. The Gospel of Luke uses it as the narrative means to establish the birth of Jesus (), but places it within the reign of Herod the Great, who died 9 years earlier. No satisfactory explanation of the contradiction seems possible, and most scholars think that the author of the gospel made an error.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Steven Gerrard", "paragraph_text": "Steven Gerrard MBE Gerrard lining up for England at UEFA Euro 2012 Full name Steven George Gerrard Date of birth (1980 - 05 - 30) 30 May 1980 (age 37) Place of birth Whiston, England Height 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Playing position Midfielder Youth career 1989 -- 1998 Liverpool Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 1998 -- 2015 Liverpool 504 (120) 2015 -- 2016 LA Galaxy 34 (5) Total 538 (125) National team 1999 -- 2000 England U21 (1) 2000 -- 2014 England 114 (21) Teams managed 2017 -- Liverpool U18s * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India", "paragraph_text": "The Fundamental Rights are defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, applied irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed, or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These provisions, set out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not enforceable by the courts, but the principles on which they are based are fundamental guidelines for governance that the State is expected to apply in framing policies and passing laws.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Streams of Expression", "paragraph_text": "Streams of Expression is the 20th studio album by American jazz musician Joe Lovano to be released on the Blue Note label. It was released in 2006 and features a five-part \"Streams of Expression Suite,\" three-part \"Birth of the Cool Suite,\" and three other shorter works. The \"Birth of the Cool Suite\" was conducted by Gunther Schuller and utilizes melodic themes inspired by Miles Davis' work from his 1948 and 1950 nonet. The album also features George Garzone, Ralph Lalama, Gary Smulyan, and Tim Hagans.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in the Eastern Church and their positioning within the liturgical sequence effectively places the Theotokos in the most prominent place after Christ. Within the Orthodox tradition, the order of the saints begins with: The Theotokos, Angels, Prophets, Apostles, Fathers, Martyrs, etc. giving the Virgin Mary precedence over the angels. She is also proclaimed as the \"Lady of the Angels\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "F\u00ebanor", "paragraph_text": "F\u00ebanor () is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium who plays an important part in \"The Silmarillion\". He was the eldest son of Finw\u00eb, the High King of the Noldor, and his first wife M\u00edriel Serind\u00eb. F\u00ebanor's mother, M\u00edriel, died shortly after giving birth, having given all her strength and essence to him. \"For F\u00ebanor was made the mightiest in all parts of body and mind: in valour, in endurance, in beauty, in understanding, in skill, in strength and subtlety alike: of all the Children of Il\u00favatar, and a bright flame was in him.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Sunnyboys", "paragraph_text": "Sunnyboys first formed in 1979 and broke up in June 1984. Jeremy Oxley formed various incarnations of the band throughout the 1980s and into 1991, as the only original member. The original line-up (without Burgman) reunited for a one-off show in 1998 for the Mushroom 25 Concert. In 2012 the original line-up reunited for a surprise show in Sydney as part of the Dig It Up concert series, billed as \"Kids In Dust\". The original line-up of Sunnyboys later played sporadic shows in 2013 and continue to tour periodically.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Jeremy Oxley", "paragraph_text": "Jeremy Saxon Oxley (born 1961 in Kingscliff, New South Wales) is an Australian songwriter, singer and guitarist. He fronted the 1980s pop-rock band Sunnyboys.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "You Can't Have Everything", "paragraph_text": "You Can't Have Everything is a 1937 Fox musical film directed by Norman Taurog and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. The film stars Alice Faye and Don Ameche, and was the film debut for Gypsy Rose Lee credited as Louise Hovick part of her birth name.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What's the place of birth of the former member of The Sunnyboys?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 496961, "question": "The Sunnyboys >> has part", "answer": "Jeremy Oxley", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 554601, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Kingscliff", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "Kingscliff", "answer_aliases": ["Kingscliff, New South Wales"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2227}
{"id": "2hop__274110_413723", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality", "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pangi Territory", "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tanzania", "paragraph_text": "In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner\u2014who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury\u2014placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a \"run\" on the entities in the \"parallel\" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Italian Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Taputapuatea", "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Gentle Thoughts", "paragraph_text": "Gentle Thoughts is the second solo album by Lee Ritenour, and was released as a Direct-to-disc recording. It features Ernie Watts, Dave Grusin, Patrice Rushen, Anthony Jackson, Harvey Mason and Steve Forman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Texas\u2013Indian wars", "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Dunbar Hospital", "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Ernie Watts (footballer, born 1872)", "paragraph_text": "Born in Woolhampton in Berkshire, his earliest known club was Reading, before he moved to Notts County, where he made 17 appearances in The Football League. He had a second spell with Reading and also played for West Ham United, where he was captain for the club's final season at the Memorial Grounds, before joining New Brompton in 1904, where he was a regular starter during the 1904\u201305 season. His later clubs included Grays Athletic and Clapton Orient, as well as two more spells with Reading.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries", "paragraph_text": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Emp\u00faries or Emp\u00f2rion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Emp\u00faries moved to Castell\u00f3 d'Emp\u00faries place less exposed to attack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "British nationality law", "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Woolhampton", "paragraph_text": "Woolhampton is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England. The village straddles the London to Bath (A4) road between the towns of Reading (8\u00a0miles) and Newbury (6\u00a0miles). The village homes are clustered and are on the northern side of the plain of the River Kennet, with the Berkshire Downs rising through the fields and woods of the village northwards.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Essex County Park Commission Administration Building", "paragraph_text": "The Essex County Park Commission Administration Building is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1916 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 11, 1977.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In which district was Ernie Watts born?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 274110, "question": "Ernie Watts >> place of birth", "answer": "Woolhampton", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 413723, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "West Berkshire", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "West Berkshire", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2283}
{"id": "2hop__231890_595414", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Eldon, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Eldon is a city in Miller County, Missouri, United States, located thirty miles southwest of Jefferson City. The population was 4,567 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Marin County Civic Center", "paragraph_text": "The Marin County Civic Center, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is located in San Rafael, California, United States. Groundbreaking for the Civic Center Administration Building took place in 1960, after Wright's death and under the watch of Wright's prot\u00e9g\u00e9, Aaron Green; it was completed in 1962. The Hall of Justice was begun in 1966 and completed in 1969. Veterans Memorial Auditorium opened in 1971, and the Exhibit Hall opened in 1976.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries", "paragraph_text": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Emp\u00faries or Emp\u00f2rion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Emp\u00faries moved to Castell\u00f3 d'Emp\u00faries place less exposed to attack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "McFarland School District", "paragraph_text": "McFarland School District is located in McFarland, in Dane County, Wisconsin, USA. It operates McFarland High School and the Wisconsin Virtual Academy, a charter school.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Vermont, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Vermont is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 839 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Elvers and Vermont are located in the town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Door Creek, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Door Creek (also Buckeye, Deer Creek) is an unincorporated community located in the town of Cottage Grove, Dane County, Wisconsin, United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Walter V. Davidson House", "paragraph_text": "The Walter V. Davidson House, located at 57 Tillinghast Place in Buffalo, New York, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1908. It is an example of Wright's Prairie School architectural style. The house is a contributing property to the Parkside East Historic District, a neighborhood laid out by renowned American landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted in 1876.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Isabel Roberts House", "paragraph_text": "Isabel Roberts House is a classic 1908 Prairie House from the studio of Frank Lloyd Wright located at 603 Edgewood Place in River Forest, Illinois It was built for Isabel Roberts and her widowed mother, Mary Roberts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Indian Heights, Dane County, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Indian Heights is an unincorporated community located in the town of Albion, Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. Indian Heights is located on Lake Koshkonong east-northeast of Edgerton.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Italian Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Dane (town), Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Dane is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 968 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Lutheran Hill is located partially in the town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Lloyd Dane", "paragraph_text": "Lloyd Dane (August 19, 1925 \u2013 December 11, 2015) was a NASCAR Grand National Series driver from Eldon, Missouri. He participated part-time in the 1951 and 1954 to 1964 seasons, capturing four wins, all in his own car. Two of Dane's wins came during the 1956 season, when he finished a career best 23rd in points.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Which county does Lloyd Dane's birthplace belong to?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 231890, "question": "Lloyd Dane >> place of birth", "answer": "Eldon", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 595414, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Miller County", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}], "answer": "Miller County", "answer_aliases": ["Miller County, Missouri"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2017}
{"id": "2hop__342746_679190", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Adam's Rib", "paragraph_text": "Adam's Rib is a 1949 American romantic comedy film directed by George Cukor from a screenplay written by Ruth Gordon and Garson Kanin. It stars Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn as married lawyers who come to oppose each other in court. Judy Holliday co-stars as the third lead in her second credited movie role. The music was composed by Mikl\u00f3s R\u00f3zsa, except for the song \"Farewell, Amanda\", which was written by Cole Porter.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "James Dearden", "paragraph_text": "James Dearden (born 14 September 1949) is an English film director and screenwriter, the son of Scottish actress Melissa Stribling and acclaimed English film maker Basil Dearden. He directed seven films between 1977 and 1999. His film \"Pascali's Island\" was entered into the 1988 Cannes Film Festival. Dearden is married to British actress Annabel Brooks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Christel Khalil", "paragraph_text": "Christel Khalil Christel Adnana Mina Khalil (1987 - 11 - 30) November 30, 1987 (age 30) Los Angeles, California Occupation Actress Years active 1993 -- present Known for The Young and the Restless as Lily Winters (2002 -- present) Spouse (s) Stephen Hensley (m. 2008 -- 2011) Children", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Beatrice Van", "paragraph_text": "Beatrice Van (August 8, 1890, Omaha, Nebraska \u2013 July 4, 1983, Long Beach, California) was an American silent film actress. She was also a screenwriter for both silent and sound films.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Angelica Page", "paragraph_text": "Angelica Sue Page (n\u00e9e Torn; February 17, 1964) is an American actress, director, producer and screenwriter. She is the only daughter of actors Rip Torn and Geraldine Page. Credited as Angelica Torn in her early career, she legally and professionally changed her name to Angelica Page in September 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nathalie Boutefeu", "paragraph_text": "Nathalie Boutefeu (born 1968) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter. She has appeared in 40 films since 1990. She starred in the film \"The Butterfly's Dream\", which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jennifer Saunders", "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Jane Saunders (born 6 July 1958) is an English comedian, screenwriter, and actress. She has won three BAFTAs (including the BAFTA Fellowship), an International Emmy Award, a British Comedy Award, a Rose d'Or Light Entertainment Festival Award, two Writers' Guild of Great Britain Awards, and a People's Choice Award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Eva Ionesco", "paragraph_text": "Eva Ionesco (born 18 July 1965) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter. She is the daughter of Romanian-French photographer Irina Ionesco and came to international prominence as a child after being featured in her mother's works.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Marie-France Pisier", "paragraph_text": "Marie-France Pisier (10 May 194424 April 2011) was a French actress, screenwriter, and director. She appeared in numerous films of the French New Wave and twice earned the national C\u00e9sar Award for Best Supporting Actress.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Lucy Dahl", "paragraph_text": "Lucy Neal Dahl (born 4 August 1965) is a British screenwriter and daughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "The Actress", "paragraph_text": "The Actress is a 1953 American comedy-drama film based on Ruth Gordon's autobiographical play \"Years Ago\". Gordon herself wrote the screenplay. The film was directed by George Cukor and stars Jean Simmons, Spencer Tracy, Teresa Wright, and Anthony Perkins in his film debut.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Valeria Bruni Tedeschi", "paragraph_text": "Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, also spelled Bruni-Tedeschi (; born 16 November 1964), is an Italian-French actress, screenwriter and film director. Her 2013 film, \"A Castle in Italy,\" was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Suso Cecchi d'Amico", "paragraph_text": "Suso Cecchi D'Amico (21 July 1914, Rome \u2013 31 July 2010, Rome) was an Italian screenwriter and actress. She won the 1980 David di Donatello Award for lifetime career. She worked with virtually all of the most celebrated post-war Italian film directors, and wrote or co-wrote many award winning films\u2014among them:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Anthony Veiller", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Veiller (23 June 1903 \u2013 27 June 1965) was an American screenwriter and film producer. The son of the screenwriter Bayard Veiller and the English actress Margaret Wycherly, Anthony Veiller wrote for 41 films between 1934 and 1964.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Djenar Maesa Ayu", "paragraph_text": "Djenar Maesa Ayu (born 14 January 1973 in Jakarta, Indonesia), also known as Nay, is an Indonesian novelist, short story writer, actress, screenwriter, and filmmaker. Her work has variously been described as \"provocative and lurid\", and unique and brave. Because of the boldness of the topics she writes about, Djenar is considered to a member of the informal movement labeled sastra wangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Fatma Begum", "paragraph_text": "Fatma Begum was an Indian actress, director, and screenwriter. She is often considered the first female film director of Indian cinema. Within four years, she went on to write, produce and direct many films. She launched her own production house, Fatma Films, and directed Bulbul-e-Paristan in 1926. She lived from 1892-1983 and was mother to three children.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "List of show business families", "paragraph_text": "Actress / director / singer Phylicia Rash\u0101d is the older sister of performer Debbie Allen, who is married to former NBA basketball player, Norm Nixon. Phylicia Rash\u0101d is the former spouse of both Victor Willis, former lead singer of the group Village People, and former NFL football player turned sportscaster, Ahmad Rash\u0101d. Phylicia and Ahmad Rash\u0101d are the parents of actress Condola Rash\u0101d.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Upi Avianto", "paragraph_text": "Upi Avianto is an Indonesian screenwriter and film director who has worked on several of Indonesia's most popular films in the 2000s. She directed the 2004 film \"30 Hari Mencari Cinta\" (\"30 Days Looking for Love\") which founded the film career of actress Nirina Zubir.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Nina Companeez", "paragraph_text": "Nina Companeez (26 August 1937 \u2013 9 April 2015) was a French screenwriter and film director. Nina Companeez was the younger daughter of Russian Jewish \u00e9migr\u00e9 screenwriter Jacques Compan\u00e9ez and younger sister of contralto Ir\u00e8ne Companeez. She was the mother of actress Valentine Varela.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Melissa Reeves", "paragraph_text": "Melissa Reeves Reeves (left) with Ty Treadway in 2010 Melissa Brennan (1967 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1967 (age 50) Eatontown, New Jersey, U.S. Other names Melissa Brennan Missy Brennan Melissa B. Reeves Melissa Brennan Reeves Missy Reeves Occupation Actress Years active 1983 -- present Spouse (s) Scott Reeves (m. 1990) Children", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the spouse of the screenwriter of The Actress?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 342746, "question": "The Actress >> screenwriter", "answer": "Ruth Gordon", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 679190, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Garson Kanin", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}], "answer": "Garson Kanin", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1351}
{"id": "2hop__860241_766393", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Missing Person (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Missing Person (French: \"Rue des Boutiques Obscures\") is the sixth novel by French writer Patrick Modiano, published on 5 September 1978. In the same year it was awarded the Prix Goncourt. The English translation by Daniel Weissbort was published in 1980. Rue des Boutiques Obscures (literally 'the Street of dark shops') is the name of a street in Rome () where one of the characters lived, and where Modiano himself lived for some time.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Varjak Paw", "paragraph_text": "Varjak Paw (2003) is a novel by the British author S. F. Said and illustrated by Dave McKean. The illustrations in this book have a dark \"gothic\" quality. The novel received the 2003 Smarties Gold Award for the 6\u20138 years range, and has been adapted for other media.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay", "paragraph_text": "The PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay is awarded by the PEN American Center to an author for a book of original collected essays. The award was founded by PEN Member and author Barbaralee Diamonstein and Carl Spielvogel, former \"New York Times\" columnist, \"to preserve the dignity and esteem that the essay form imparts to literature.\" The winner receives a cash award of $10,000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bharat Ratna", "paragraph_text": "There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens. It has been awarded to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa in 1980, and to two non-Indians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan of Pakistan in 1987 and the former South African president Nelson Mandela in 1990. Sachin Tendulkar, at the age of 40, became the youngest person and first athlete to receive the honour. In a special ceremony on 18 April 1958, Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. As of 2015, the award has been conferred upon 45 people with 12 posthumous declarations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jolene Chin", "paragraph_text": "Jolene Chin Yeng-Mun or Chan Ying Man, or Chen Ying Wen (Traditional Chinese: \u9673\u5f71\u96ef), is a beauty pageant queen from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. She won the title of Miss Astro Chinese International in 2004 where she received the Miss Friendship Award and Miss Elegance Award and, represented Malaysia at the Miss Chinese International Pageant. She also won the Miss Chinese International Friendship Award in 2005. She can speak English, Cantonese, Mandarin, and Malay.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Stan Tekiela", "paragraph_text": "Stan Tekiela is a naturalist, author and wildlife photographer with a Bachelor of Science degree in Natural History from the University of Minnesota. He has been an active professional naturalist for more than 25 years and is a member of the Minnesota Ornithologists' Union, North American Nature Photography Association and Canon Professional Services. Stan studies and photographs wildlife throughout the United States and has received various national and regional awards for his books and photographs. A columnist and radio personality, his syndicated column appears in more than 25 newspapers and he can be heard on a number of Midwest radio stations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Haig Bosmajian", "paragraph_text": "Haig Aram Bosmajian (March 26, 1928- June 17, 2014) was an author, lecturer, and professor, who received the 1983 Orwell Award for his book \"The Language of Oppression\" (1974). Haig Bosmajian received a PhD in 1960 from Stanford University. His work has explored rhetoric and the freedom of speech. Bosmajian was professor emeritus at the University of Washington, in the Speech/Communications Department, where he taught since 1965. He was married for 57 years to Hamida Bosmajian, also a published author and a professor at nearby Seattle University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lawrence", "paragraph_text": "From 2013 -- 15, she received several awards and nominations for her performances in the other three films in The Hunger Games series, including the MTV Best Female Performance Award for Catching Fire, and three Critics Choice nominations for each films. The role of Katniss Everdeen made Guinness World Records to recognise Lawrence as the highest - grossing action heroine of all time. Her reprisal of Mystique in X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) earned her two People's Choice Awards for Favorite Actress and Favorite Action Movie Actress. In 2015, she starred as the eponymous inventor in the biopic Joy, which won her third Golden Globe Award in the Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical category and another Academy Award for Best Actress nomination, making her the youngest person to receive four Oscar nominations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Goblin Emperor", "paragraph_text": "The Goblin Emperor is a 2014 fantasy novel written by the American author Sarah Monette under the pseudonym Katherine Addison. The novel received the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel and was nominated for the Nebula, Hugo and World Fantasy Awards. It was well received by critics, who noted the strength of the protagonist's characterization and, unusual for fantasy, the work's warm and understated tone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Yogendra Singh Yadav", "paragraph_text": "Subedar Major Yogendra Singh Yadav PVC is a Junior Commissioned Officer (JCO) of the Indian Army, who was awarded the highest Indian military honour, the Param Vir Chakra, for his 4 July 1999 action during the Kargil War. Aged 19 when he received the decoration, he is recorded as the youngest person to ever be awarded the Param Vir Chakra.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "B\u00f9i B\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng", "paragraph_text": "B\u00f9i B\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (born 1971 in Hanoi) was crowned Miss Vietnam in 1988. During this period she was a first year English student at the University of Hanoi. She was the first person ever to be crowned Miss Vietnam. She was one of the shorter contestants and also the youngest contestant to date to be awarded the crown of Miss Vietnam (she was 17 and stood at 5'2\" when she won the title). She can also speak fluent English, Korean and Vietnamese. B\u00f9i B\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng is also a successful business woman with an excellent MSc degree at the Seoul National University in South Korea. At present she has two children, one male and one female. B\u00f9i B\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng is currently working for a Korean MA education fund.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Couzin Ed", "paragraph_text": "Couzin Ed (real name Michael Andrews, born 1968) is an American bar manager and former radio disc jockey who resides in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 2002 he received a Billboard/Airplay Monitor Radio Award as local air personality of the year at a mainstream rock station.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Theresa Schwegel", "paragraph_text": "Theresa Schwegel (born July 20, 1975) is an American author of crime fiction. She won the Edgar Award for best first novel from the Mystery Writers of America for \"Officer Down\" in 2006. In 2008, she received the Chicago Public Library Foundation's 21st Century Award for achievement in writing by an author with ties to Chicago.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "62nd Academy Awards", "paragraph_text": "Driving Miss Daisy won four awards including Best Picture and Best Actress for Jessica Tandy, the oldest person at the time to win a competitive acting Oscar. Other winners included Glory with three awards, Born on the Fourth of July, The Little Mermaid, and My Left Foot with two, and The Abyss, Balance, Batman, Cinema Paradiso, Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt, Dead Poets Society, Henry V, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, The Johnstown Flood, and Work Experience with one. The telecast garnered more than 40 million viewers in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "RuPaul", "paragraph_text": "RuPaul Andre Charles (born November 17, 1960), known professionally by the mononym RuPaul, is an American actor, drag queen, television personality, and singer / songwriter. Since 2009, he has produced and hosted the reality competition series RuPaul's Drag Race, for which he received two Primetime Emmy Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Sky UK", "paragraph_text": "BSkyB utilises the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders; they are not available as stand-alone DVB CAMs (conditional-access modules). BSkyB has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their service. The receivers, though designed and built by different manufacturers, must conform to the same user interface look-and-feel as all the others. This extends to the Personal video recorder (PVR) offering (branded Sky+).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Patrick Modiano", "paragraph_text": "Jean Patrick Modiano (; born 30 July 1945), generally known as Patrick Modiano, is a French novelist and recipient of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature. He previously won the 2012 Austrian State Prize for European Literature, the 2010 Prix mondial Cino Del Duca from the Institut de France for lifetime achievement, the 1978 Prix Goncourt for \"Rue des boutiques obscures\", and the 1972 Grand Prix du roman de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise for \"Les Boulevards de ceinture\". His works have been translated into more than 30 languages and have been celebrated in and around France, but most of his novels had not been translated into English before he was awarded the Nobel Prize.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Rachael Finch", "paragraph_text": "Rachael Finch (born 8 July 1988) is an Australian TV host, model, and beauty pageant titleholder. She was awarded the 'People's Choice Award' for the 2006 Miss Teen Australia and finished as 3rd runner-up at Miss Universe 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "William Childress", "paragraph_text": "William Childress (born in Hugo, Oklahoma, February 5, 1933) is an American writer, author, poet, and photojournalist. Childress has received numerous awards, prizes, and accolades for his writing and poetry, and is regarded as one of the foremost poets of the Korean War by at least two critics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "List of Nobel laureates", "paragraph_text": "Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other. UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What award was received by the person who authored Missing Person?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 860241, "question": "Missing Person >> author", "answer": "Patrick Modiano", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 766393, "question": "#1 >> award received", "answer": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "answer_aliases": ["Austrian State Prize for European Literature", "Prix mondial Cino Del Duca", "Grand Prix du roman de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise", "Prix Goncourt"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2106}
{"id": "2hop__29368_29376", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jean Pelletier", "paragraph_text": "Jean Pelletier, (; February 21, 1935 \u2013 January 10, 2009) was a Canadian politician who served as the 37th mayor of Quebec City, Chief of Staff in the Prime Minister's Office, and chairman of Via Rail. He was a leading organizer of the Liberal Party of Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "Israel operates under a parliamentary system as a democratic republic with universal suffrage. A member of parliament supported by a parliamentary majority becomes the prime minister\u2014usually this is the chair of the largest party. The prime minister is the head of government and head of the cabinet. Israel is governed by a 120-member parliament, known as the Knesset. Membership of the Knesset is based on proportional representation of political parties, with a 3.25% electoral threshold, which in practice has resulted in coalition governments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Lyons Government", "paragraph_text": "The Lyons Government was the federal Executive Government of Australia led by Prime Minister Joseph Lyons. It was made up of members of the United Australia Party in the Australian Parliament from January 1932 until the death of Joseph Lyons in 1939. Lyons negotiated a coalition with the Country Party after the 1934 Australian Federal election. The Lyons government stewarded Australia's recovery from the Great Depression", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Second Filat Cabinet", "paragraph_text": "The Second Filat Cabinet was the Cabinet of Moldova from 14 January 2011 to 30 May 2013. The Cabinet consisted of ministers from the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova, the Democratic Party of Moldova, and the Liberal Party, who together formed the Alliance for European Integration. It was the second government to be led by Vlad Filat who was Prime Minister from 2009 until 2013. The Cabinet was installed after a successful vote of confidence held in the Parliament of Moldova on 14 January 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Barton Government", "paragraph_text": "The Barton Government was the first federal Executive Government of the Commonwealth of Australia. It was led by Prime Minister Sir Edmund Barton, from 1 January 1901 until 24 September 1903, when Barton resigned to become one of the three founding judges of the High Court of Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Liberal Party of Australia", "paragraph_text": "The contemporary Liberal Party generally advocates economic liberalism (see New Right). Historically, the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist. Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. The party's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia's middle class would form its main constituency.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Solidarnost", "paragraph_text": "Solidarnost (\u0421\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, Russian for \"Solidarity\", named after the Polish Solidarno\u015b\u0107) is a Russian liberal democratic political movement founded on 13 December 2008 by a number of well-known members of the liberal democratic opposition, including Garry Kasparov, Boris Nemtsov and others from the Yabloko and Union of Right Forces (which had just merged with two pro-Kremlin parties, the Democratic Party of Russia and Civilian Power, to form the pro-Kremlin liberal democratic Right Cause) parties, leaders of the Dissenters March events, the Committee 2008, the People's Democratic Union, the United Civil Front, The Other Russia and other politicians and political groups.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hung parliament", "paragraph_text": "Declining support for the major parties in recent times is leading to more non-majoritarian outcomes at elections.  At the 2010 federal election, which resulted in an exact 72-72 seat tie between Labor and The Liberal-National Coalition, incumbent Prime Minister Julia Gillard secured the support of four out of six Independent and Green Party crossbenchers and continued to govern.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "People's Congress Party", "paragraph_text": "The People's Congress Party is a political party in Solomon Islands. It was founded by outgoing deputy Prime Minister Fred Fono during the campaign for the 2010 general election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Lyle Vanclief", "paragraph_text": "Born in Ameliasburg, Ontario, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal Member of Parliament representing the rural Ontario riding of Prince Edward\u2014Hastings in 1988. He was considered a strong supporter of Prime Minister Jean Chr\u00e9tien, and was removed from the Canadian Cabinet when Paul Martin succeeded Chr\u00e9tien as Liberal leader and prime minister in 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Amama Mbabazi", "paragraph_text": "John Patrick Amama Mbabazi, SC (simply known as Amama Mbabazi, born 16 January 1949) is a Ugandan politician who served as the ninth Prime Minister of Uganda from 24 May 2011 to 19 September 2014. He played an instrumental role in Uganda's protracted liberation struggle from several tyrannical governments (1972-1986) and is a founding member of the National Resistance Movement, the ruling political party in Uganda.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "David Lloyd George", "paragraph_text": "David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 \u2013 26 March 1945) was a British statesman and Liberal Party politician. He was the last Liberal to serve as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Australia in the Korean War", "paragraph_text": "The Liberal government of Australia, led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies, immediately responded to the UN resolution by offering military assistance. 17,000 Australians served in the Korean War between 1950 and 1953, and they suffered 339 dead, and 1200 wounded.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Prime Minister of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The current, and 23rd, Prime Minister of Canada is the Liberal Party's Justin Trudeau, who was appointed on November 4, 2015, by Governor General David Johnston, following the general election that took place that year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Prime minister", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries, it is called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom. Some Prime Minister's office do include the role of Cabinet. In other countries, it is called the Prime Minister's Department or the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as for Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Basotho National Party", "paragraph_text": "The Basotho National Party is a political party in Lesotho, founded in the 1959 as the Basutoland National Party by Leabua Jonathan. He was Prime Minister from 1965 until the coup of 1986.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Liberal Party of Australia", "paragraph_text": "The party's leader is Malcolm Turnbull and its deputy leader is Julie Bishop. The pair were elected to their positions at the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot, Bishop as the incumbent deputy leader and Turnbull as a replacement for Tony Abbott, whom he consequently succeeded as Prime Minister of Australia. Now the Turnbull Government, the party had been elected at the 2013 federal election as the Abbott Government which took office on 18 September 2013. At state and territory level, the Liberal Party is in office in three states: Colin Barnett has been Premier of Western Australia since 2008, Will Hodgman Premier of Tasmania since 2014 and Mike Baird Premier of New South Wales since 2014. Adam Giles is also the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, having led a Country Liberal minority government since 2015. The party is in opposition in Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Liberal Party of Australia", "paragraph_text": "The UAP had been formed as a new conservative alliance in 1931, with Labor defector Joseph Lyons as its leader. The stance of Lyons and other Labor rebels against the more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal the Great Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives. With Australia still suffering the effects of the Great Depression, the newly formed party won a landslide victory at the 1931 Election, and the Lyons Government went on to win three consecutive elections. It largely avoided Keynesian pump-priming and pursued a more conservative fiscal policy of debt reduction and balanced budgets as a means of stewarding Australia out of the Depression. Lyons' death in 1939 saw Robert Menzies assume the Prime Ministership on the eve of war. Menzies served as Prime Minister from 1939 to 1941 but resigned as leader of the minority World War II government amidst an unworkable parliamentary majority. The UAP, led by Billy Hughes, disintegrated after suffering a heavy defeat in the 1943 election.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "History of Australia", "paragraph_text": "Politically, Robert Menzies and the Liberal Party of Australia dominated much of the immediate post war era, defeating the Labor government of Ben Chifley in 1949, in part over a Labor proposal to nationalise banks and following a crippling coal strike led by the Australian Communist Party. Menzies became the country's longest-serving Prime Minister and the Liberal party, in coalition with the rural based Country Party, won every federal election until 1972.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Duncan Kenneth MacTavish", "paragraph_text": "MacTavish was a millionaire and one of Canada's leading corporate lawyers. He was a chief Liberal Party strategist and fundraiser and was an advisor to three Liberal Prime Ministers - William Lyon Mackenzie King, Louis St. Laurent and Lester Pearson and had also known Sir Wilfrid Laurier, a friend of his father, as a youth.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What event caused the founder of Australia's liberal party to become Prime Minister?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 29368, "question": "Who founded Australia's liberal party?", "answer": "Robert Menzies", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 29376, "question": "What event caused #1 to become Prime Minister?", "answer": "Lyons' death in 1939", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Lyons' death in 1939", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1699}
{"id": "2hop__29367_29376", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Prime minister", "paragraph_text": "Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Australia in the Korean War", "paragraph_text": "The Liberal government of Australia, led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies, immediately responded to the UN resolution by offering military assistance. 17,000 Australians served in the Korean War between 1950 and 1953, and they suffered 339 dead, and 1200 wounded.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Prime Minister of Jamaica", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Holness, as leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), was sworn in as Prime Minister on 3 March 2016, succeeding People's National Party (PNP) leader Portia Simpson - Miller. This was a result of the JLP's victory in Jamaica's 25 February 2016 general election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Erna Solberg", "paragraph_text": "Erna Solberg (; born 24 February 1961) is a Norwegian politician serving as Prime Minister of Norway since 2013 and Leader of the Conservative Party since May 2004.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "First Rutte cabinet", "paragraph_text": "The First Rutte cabinet, also called the Rutte\u2013Verhagen cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 14 October 2010 until 5 November 2012. The cabinet was formed by the political parties People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) after the election of 2010. The right-wing cabinet was a minority government in the House of Representatives but was supported by the Party for Freedom (PVV) for a majority. It was the first of three cabinets of Mark Rutte, the Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy as Prime Minister, with Maxime Verhagen the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal serving as Deputy Prime Minister.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sigmar Gabriel", "paragraph_text": "Sigmar Hartmut Gabriel (born 12 September 1959) is a German politician who was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2017 to 2018 and Vice-Chancellor of Germany from 2013 to 2018. He was Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 2009 to 2017, which made him the party's longest-serving leader since Willy Brandt. He was the Federal Minister of the Environment from 2005 to 2009 and the Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy from 2013 to 2017. From 1999 to 2003 Gabriel was Prime Minister of Lower Saxony.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hung parliament", "paragraph_text": "Since the elections of 1929, there have been three general elections that resulted in hung parliaments in the UK.  The first was the election in February 1974, and the ensuing parliament lasted only until October. The second was the May 2010 election, the result of which was a hung parliament with the Conservative party as the largest single party. The results for the 3 main parties were: Conservatives 306, Labour 258, Liberal Democrats 57. The third one resulted from the snap election held in June 2017 that had been called for by Theresa May in order to strengthen her majority heading into Brexit negotiations later in 2017. However, this election backfired on May and her Conservative Party, resulting in a hung parliament after the snap election.The formation of the coalition resulting from the 2010 election led to the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, which instituted fixed five-year Parliaments and transferred the power to call early elections from the Prime Minister to Parliament itself. This was the idea of the Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, then the leader of the Liberal Democrats, who said that this would stop the Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party, David Cameron, from calling a snap election to end the hung parliament, as many other Conservatives had requested.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "History of Australia", "paragraph_text": "Politically, Robert Menzies and the Liberal Party of Australia dominated much of the immediate post war era, defeating the Labor government of Ben Chifley in 1949, in part over a Labor proposal to nationalise banks and following a crippling coal strike led by the Australian Communist Party. Menzies became the country's longest-serving Prime Minister and the Liberal party, in coalition with the rural based Country Party, won every federal election until 1972.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Petre S. Aurelian", "paragraph_text": "Petre S. Aurelian (13 December 1833 \u2013 24 January 1909) was a Romanian politician. A member of the National Liberal Party, he served as a Prime Minister of Romania between 2 December 1896 and 12 April 1897.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Australia Day 2012 protests", "paragraph_text": "The Australia Day Protests of 2012 began with a commemoration at the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra to mark its 40th Anniversary and culminated in a security scare which saw the Prime Minister and Opposition Leader of Australia escorted from a nearby Canberra venue amidst rowdy protesters. The protesters had been advised of the leaders' whereabouts and misinformed of a statement by the opposition leader in relation to the Tent Embassy by a union official who had received information about Abbott's statement and whereabouts from the prime minister's office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Liberal Party of Australia", "paragraph_text": "The contemporary Liberal Party generally advocates economic liberalism (see New Right). Historically, the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist. Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. The party's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia's middle class would form its main constituency.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system. The political culture is stable in Estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. This situation is similar to other countries in Northern Europe. The former Prime Minister of Estonia, Andrus Ansip, is also Europe's longest-serving Prime Minister (from 2005 until 2014). The current Estonian Prime Minister is Taavi R\u00f5ivas, who is the former Minister of Social Affairs and the head of the Estonian Reform Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Lyle Vanclief", "paragraph_text": "Born in Ameliasburg, Ontario, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal Member of Parliament representing the rural Ontario riding of Prince Edward\u2014Hastings in 1988. He was considered a strong supporter of Prime Minister Jean Chr\u00e9tien, and was removed from the Canadian Cabinet when Paul Martin succeeded Chr\u00e9tien as Liberal leader and prime minister in 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Frank Forde", "paragraph_text": "Francis Michael Forde (18 July 1890 -- 28 January 1983) was an Australian politician who served as Prime Minister of Australia from 6 to 13 July 1945. He held office after the death of John Curtin, and is the shortest - serving prime minister in Australia's history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Jean Pelletier", "paragraph_text": "Jean Pelletier, (; February 21, 1935 \u2013 January 10, 2009) was a Canadian politician who served as the 37th mayor of Quebec City, Chief of Staff in the Prime Minister's Office, and chairman of Via Rail. He was a leading organizer of the Liberal Party of Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Indian National Congress", "paragraph_text": "From 2004 to 2014, the Congress - led United Progressive Alliance, a coalition of several regional parties, formed the Indian government, and was headed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The leader of the party during the period, Sonia Gandhi has served the longest term as the president of the party. As of March 2018, the party is in power in three states: Punjab, Karnataka and Mizoram and the union territory of Puducherry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "David Lloyd George", "paragraph_text": "David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 \u2013 26 March 1945) was a British statesman and Liberal Party politician. He was the last Liberal to serve as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Liberal Party of Australia", "paragraph_text": "The UAP had been formed as a new conservative alliance in 1931, with Labor defector Joseph Lyons as its leader. The stance of Lyons and other Labor rebels against the more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal the Great Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives. With Australia still suffering the effects of the Great Depression, the newly formed party won a landslide victory at the 1931 Election, and the Lyons Government went on to win three consecutive elections. It largely avoided Keynesian pump-priming and pursued a more conservative fiscal policy of debt reduction and balanced budgets as a means of stewarding Australia out of the Depression. Lyons' death in 1939 saw Robert Menzies assume the Prime Ministership on the eve of war. Menzies served as Prime Minister from 1939 to 1941 but resigned as leader of the minority World War II government amidst an unworkable parliamentary majority. The UAP, led by Billy Hughes, disintegrated after suffering a heavy defeat in the 1943 election.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Prime Minister of New Zealand", "paragraph_text": "The Prime Minister of New Zealand (M\u0101ori: Te Pirimia o Aotearoa) is the head of government of New Zealand. The incumbent Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern, leader of the New Zealand Labour Party, took office on 26 October 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Tony Blair", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He is the most recent British Labour Party leader to have won a general election.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What event caused the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader to become Prime Minister?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 29367, "question": "Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?", "answer": "Robert Menzies", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 29376, "question": "What event caused #1 to become Prime Minister?", "answer": "Lyons' death in 1939", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Lyons' death in 1939", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1821}
{"id": "2hop__557411_652060", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Opening Day of Close-Up", "paragraph_text": "Opening Day of Close-Up () is a 1996 Italian short film directed by Nanni Moretti. It was screened out of competition at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Mavericks", "paragraph_text": "The band split up in 2004, and lead singer Raul Malo released six solo albums. Bass player Robert Reynolds and keyboardist Jerry Dale McFadden co-founded the 'supergroup' SWAG, along with Ken Coomer of Wilco, Tom Petersson of Cheap Trick, and Doug Powell. In 2012, the band announced plans for several reunion festival dates. Shortly after, they were offered a record deal by Big Machine Records. Their reunion album In Time, was released in February 2013, and another album, Mono, on 17 February 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "April (1998 film)", "paragraph_text": "April () is a 1998 Italian semi-autobiographical film directed by Nanni Moretti. Moretti also played the central character, a filmmaker who has to deal with Italy's political situation, his own goals as an artist and becoming a father.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Michael Rowe", "paragraph_text": "Michael \"Mike\" Rowe is an American television writer, producer and comedian. He has written for \"Becker\", \"The Nanny\", \"Futurama\", \"Paranormal Action Squad\" and \"Family Guy\", as well as writing the episode of \"The PJs\", \"A Race to His Credit\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Deanwood", "paragraph_text": "Deanwood is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C., bounded by Eastern Avenue to the northeast, Kenilworth Avenue to the northwest, Division Avenue to the southeast, and Nannie Helen Burroughs Avenue to the south.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "25th Torino Film Festival", "paragraph_text": "The 25th Torino Film Festival was held 23 November\u00a0\u2013 1 December 2007 in Turin, Italy and was directed by Nanni Moretti.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "All My Friends Part 2", "paragraph_text": "All My Friends Part 2 () is a 1982 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli. It is the sequel to \"Amici miei\" of 1975. The movie features Paolo Stoppa in one of his last roles. The last chapter of this saga is \"Amici miei - Atto III\", directed by Nanni Loy (1985).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The New Road", "paragraph_text": "The New Road is a historical novel by the Scottish writer Neil Munro, which was adapted as a television serial by the BBC. Munro is now mainly remembered as the creator of the comic character Para Handy, but this is regarded as the best of his serious novels.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Legacies (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Legacies is an American television drama series that premiered on October 25, 2018, on The CW. It is a spinoff of The Originals. It was created by Julie Plec, creator of The Originals and co-creator of The Vampire Diaries, and stars Danielle Rose Russell and Matt Davis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Scugnizzi", "paragraph_text": "Scugnizzi is a 1989 Italian musical drama, directed by Nanni Loy. The film is also called \"Street Kids\" in the American market.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "Nanny Plum is Holly, Daisy and Poppy's nanny and 'teacher', and a general housekeeper for the King and Queen. She is very good at magic and capable of speaking many animal languages (including ones which she claims to be a bit difficult such as Mole, Aardvark, Ant, Centipede and Alien). She often ends up in all kinds of trouble when trying to help Holly and friends. She is also a tooth fairy. Although being quite bossy, she is very good at cleaning with magic. She rivals the Wise Old Elf mainly due to their differing opinions over the use of magic. She is a teacher at the Fairy School and also works as a maid. Nanny Plum is voiced by Sarah Ann Kennedy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "The Nanny Reunion: A Nosh to Remember", "paragraph_text": "The reunion took place at Fran Drescher's oceanside home in California. The entire cast was present except for Daniel Davis, who was performing in the musical \"La Cage aux Folles\" on Broadway at the time and was unable to attend.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ann Hampton Callaway", "paragraph_text": "Ann Hampton Callaway (born May 30, 1958) is a jazz singer, songwriter, and actress. She wrote and sang the theme song for the TV series The Nanny.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang", "paragraph_text": "Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang (released in the United States and Canada as Nanny McPhee Returns) is a 2010 fantasy comedy family film directed by Susanna White, produced by Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner and Lindsay Doran with music by James Newton Howard and co-produced by StudioCanal, Relativity Media, Working Title Films and Three Strange Angels. It is a sequel to the 2005 film \"Nanny McPhee\". It was adapted by Emma Thompson from Christianna Brand's \"Nurse Matilda\" books. Thompson reprises her role as Nanny McPhee, and the film also stars Maggie Gyllenhaal, Ralph Fiennes, Rhys Ifans, Ewan McGregor, Asa Butterfield and Maggie Smith. The film was theatrically released on August 20, 2010 by Universal Pictures.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Mok Kwai-lan", "paragraph_text": "Mok Kwai-lan (; October 15, 1892 \u2013 November 3, 1982) was the fourth spouse of Lingnan martial arts grandmaster Wong Fei-hung.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mary Poppins (film)", "paragraph_text": "In Edwardian London, 1910, Bert entertains a crowd as a one - man band when he senses a change in the wind. Afterwards, he directly addresses the audience, and gives them a tour of Cherry Tree Lane, stopping outside the Banks family's home. George Banks returns home to learn from Winifred that Katie Nanna has left their service after Jane and Michael ran away again. They are returned shortly after by Constable Jones, who reveals the children were chasing a lost kite. The children ask their father to help build a better kite, but he dismisses them. Taking it upon himself to hire a new nanny, Mr. Banks advertises for a stern, no - nonsense nanny. Instead, Jane and Michael present their own advertisement for a kinder, sweeter nanny. Mr. Banks rips up the letter, and throws the scraps in the fireplace, but the remains of the advertisement magically float up, and out into the air.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Watch House", "paragraph_text": "The Watch House is a 1977 fiction book by Robert Westall. The main story is about a teenager called Anne, who is left to spend the summer with her mother's old nanny. While there she explores the watch house, writes a guidebook for the watch house and is haunted by a ghost. It is split up into three parts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "George Washington Sprott", "paragraph_text": "George Washington Sprott (6 March 1829 \u2013 27 October 1909) was Scottish minister and liturgical scholar, known as an advocate of reform of the services of the Church of Scotland, and of its reunion with the Free Church of Scotland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti", "paragraph_text": "Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti (also known as \"Fiasco in Milan\" or \"Hold-up \u00e0 la milanaise\") is a 1959 Italian comedy crime film directed by Nanni Loy. The film stars Vittorio Gassman, Renato Salvatori and Claudia Cardinale.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "List of Happily Divorced episodes", "paragraph_text": "\"Happily Divorced\" is an American sitcom created for TV Land by Fran Drescher and Peter Marc Jacobson, based upon their own real-life experiences. It is TV Land's third sitcom after \"Hot in Cleveland\" and \"Retired at 35\". Fran Drescher stars as Fran, a Los Angeles florist who finds out her husband Peter (John Michael Higgins), to whom she has been married for eighteen years, is gay. Naturally, they get a divorce but, because of their tight financial situation, they continue to live in the same house together. The series is based on Drescher and Jacobson's real-life divorce and his eventual coming out. The series ran from June 15, 2011 to February 13, 2013. On August 23, 2013, TV Land cancelled the series after two seasons. A total of thirty-four episodes were produced and aired.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who is the spouse of the creator of The Nanny Reunion: A Nosh to Remember?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 557411, "question": "The Nanny Reunion: A Nosh to Remember >> creator", "answer": "Fran Drescher", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 652060, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Peter Marc Jacobson", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "Peter Marc Jacobson", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1588}
{"id": "2hop__677929_696450", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Testament of Youth", "paragraph_text": "Testament of Youth is the first instalment, covering 1900\u20131925, in the memoir of Vera Brittain (1893\u20131970). It was published in 1933. Brittain's memoir continues with \"Testament of Experience\", published in 1957, and encompassing the years 1925\u20131950. Between these two books comes \"Testament of Friendship\" (published in 1940), which is essentially a memoir of Brittain's close colleague and friend Winifred Holtby. A final segment of memoir, to be called \"Testament of Faith\" or \"Testament of Time\", was planned by Brittain but remained unfinished at her death.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bible translations into Greek", "paragraph_text": "The New Testament part of the Christian Bible was originally written in Koine Greek, as most of the Church and scholars believe, and is therefore not a translation (notwithstanding that some reference material may have been from Aramaic). However, like other living languages, the Greek language has developed over time. Therefore, various translations have been completed over the centuries to make it easier for Greek speakers to understand Holy Scripture. Translations of the Old Testament, which is the other part of the Christian Bible, have been completed for similar reasons.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Deuterocanonical books", "paragraph_text": "The deuterocanonical books (from the Greek meaning ``belonging to the second canon '') is a term adopted in 16th century by the Roman Catholic Church to denote those books and passages of the Christian Old Testament, as defined in 1546 by the Council of Trent, that were not found in the Hebrew Bible. The term distinguished these texts both from those that were termed protocanonical books, which were the books of the Hebrew canon; and from the apocryphal books, which were those books of Jewish origin that were known sometimes to have been read in church as scripture but which the Council considered not to be canonical.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Gagosian Gallery", "paragraph_text": "Gagosian is a contemporary art gallery owned and directed by Larry Gagosian. The gallery exhibits some of the most influential artists of the 20th and 21st centuries. There are 16 gallery spaces: five in New York; three in London; two in Paris; one each in Basel, Beverly Hills, San Francisco, Rome, Athens, Geneva and Hong Kong.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Miami (Damien Saez album)", "paragraph_text": "Miami also known as Miami - Holy Bible is a 2013 album by French singer-songwriter Damien Saez being his 8th studio album. It is credited on the album cover as Saez. The album was recorded in Davout Studios and released on Wagram Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "The use of the phrases as summaries of teaching emerged over time during the Reformation, based on the overarching principle of sola scriptura (by scripture alone). This idea contains the four main doctrines on the Bible: that its teaching is needed for salvation (necessity); that all the doctrine necessary for salvation comes from the Bible alone (sufficiency); that everything taught in the Bible is correct (inerrancy); and that, by the Holy Spirit overcoming sin, believers may read and understand truth from the Bible itself, though understanding is difficult, so the means used to guide individual believers to the true teaching is often mutual discussion within the church (clarity).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bible translations into English", "paragraph_text": "The first complete Roman Catholic Bible in English was the Douay -- Rheims Bible, of which the New Testament portion was published in Rheims in 1582 and the Old Testament somewhat later in Douay in Gallicant Flanders. The Old Testament was completed by the time the New Testament was published, but due to extenuating circumstances and financial issues was not published until nearly three decades later, in two editions, the first released in 1609, and the rest of the OT in 1610. In this version, the seven deuterocanonical books are mingled with the other books, rather than kept separate in an appendix.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bible translations into English", "paragraph_text": "Early Modern English Bible translations are of between about 1500 and 1800, the period of Early Modern English. This, the first major period of Bible translation into the English language, began with the introduction of the Tyndale Bible. The first complete edition of his New Testament was in 1526. Tyndale used the Greek and Hebrew texts of the New Testament (NT) and Old Testament (OT) in addition to Jerome's Latin translation. He was the first translator to use the printing press -- this enabled the distribution of several thousand copies of his New Testament translation throughout England. Tyndale did not complete his Old Testament translation. The first printed English translation of the whole bible was produced by Miles Coverdale in 1535, using Tyndale's work together with his own translations from the Latin Vulgate or German text. After much scholarly debate it is concluded that this was printed in Antwerp and the colophon gives the date as 4th October 1535. This first edition was adapted by Coverdale for his first ``authorised version '', known as the Great Bible, of 1539. Other early printed versions were the Geneva Bible (1560), notable for being the first Bible divided into verses; the Bishop's Bible (1568), which was an attempt by Elizabeth I to create a new authorised version; and the Authorized King James Version of 1611.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Final Testament of the Holy Bible", "paragraph_text": "The Final Testament of the Holy Bible is a novel written by James Frey, published by Gagosian Gallery in 2011. The book is published in the UK by John Murray with the shortened title \"The Final Testament\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Codex Alexandrinus", "paragraph_text": "The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, MS Royal 1. D. V-VIII; Gregory-Aland no. A or 02, Soden \u03b4 4) is a fifth-century manuscript of the Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Septuagint and the New Testament. It is one of the four Great uncial codices. Along with the Codex Sinaiticus and the Vaticanus, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible. Brian Walton assigned Alexandrinus the capital Latin letter A in the Polyglot Bible of 1657. This designation was maintained when the system was standardized by Wettstein in 1751. Thus, Alexandrinus held the first position in the manuscript list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Biblical apocrypha", "paragraph_text": "Although the term apocrypha had been in use since the 5th century, it was in Luther's Bible of 1534 that the Apocrypha was first published as a separate intertestamental section. To this date, the Apocrypha is ``included in the lectionaries of Anglican and Lutheran Churches. ''Moreover, the Revised Common Lectionary, in use by most mainline Protestants including Methodists and Moravians, lists readings from the Apocrypha in the liturgical kalendar, although alternate Old Testament scripture lessons are provided.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Holy of Holies", "paragraph_text": "The Holy of Holies was covered by a veil, and no one was allowed to enter except the High Priest, and even he could only enter once a year on Yom Kippur (the day of atonement), to offer the blood of sacrifice and incense before the mercy seat. The Bible reports that in the wilderness, on the day that the tabernacle was first raised up, the cloud of the Lord covered the tabernacle (Exodus 40: 33 - 40: 34). There are other times that this was recorded, and instructions were given that the Lord would appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat (kapporet), and at that time the priests should not enter into the tabernacle (Leviticus 16: 2). According to the Hebrew Bible, the Holy of Holies contained the Ark of the Covenant with representation of Cherubim. Upon completion of the dedication of the Tabernacle, the Voice of God spoke to Moses ``from between the Cherubim ''(Numbers 7: 89).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "King James Version", "paragraph_text": "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Holy Spirit in Christianity", "paragraph_text": "The term Holy Spirit appears at least 90 times in the New Testament. The sacredness of the Holy Spirit to Christians is affirmed in all three Synoptic Gospels (Matthew 12: 30 -- 32, Mark 3: 28 -- 30 and Luke 12: 8 -- 10) which proclaim that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the unforgivable sin. The participation of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity is suggested in Jesus' final post-Resurrection instruction to his disciples at the end of the Gospel of Matthew (28: 19): ``Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New Testament. In their arguments, this is particularly demonstrated in the Council of Jerusalem, described in Acts chapter 15, where the Apostles and elders gathered together to govern the Church; the Apostles being representatives of the universal Church, and elders being such for the local church. To this day, elements of federalism can be found in almost every Christian denomination, some more than others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Seventh Sign", "paragraph_text": "The Seventh Sign is a 1988 American apocalyptic drama  horror film written by Clifford and Ellen Green and directed by Carl Schultz. The title and plot reference the seven seals described in the Book of Revelation, the final book of the New Testament of the Bible. The film received negative reviews and grossed $18.8 million at the box office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Fire and brimstone", "paragraph_text": "Fire and brimstone (or, alternatively, brimstone and fire) is an idiomatic expression of referring to God's wrath in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament. In the Bible, it often appears in reference to the fate of the unfaithful. Brimstone, an archaic term synonymous with sulfur, evokes the acrid odor of sulphur dioxide given off by lightning strikes. Lightning was understood as divine punishment by many ancient religions; the association of sulphur with God's retribution is common in the Bible. The English phrase ``fire and brimstone ''originates in the King James Bible.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "New International Version", "paragraph_text": "The New International Version (NIV) is an English translation of the Bible first published in 1978 by Biblica (formerly the International Bible Society). The NIV was published to meet the need for a modern translation done by Bible scholars using the earliest, highest quality manuscripts available. Of equal importance was that the Bible be expressed in broadly understood modern English.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Let there be light", "paragraph_text": "``Let there be light ''is an English translation of the Hebrew \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8 \u200e (yehi 'or) found in Genesis 1: 3 of the Torah, the first part of the Hebrew Bible. In Old Testament translations of the phrase, translations include the Greek phrase \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c6\u1ff6\u03c2 (gen\u0113th\u0113t\u014d ph\u014ds) and the Latin phrase fiat lux.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who founded the publisher of The Final Testament of the Holy Bible?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 677929, "question": "The Final Testament of the Holy Bible >> publisher", "answer": "Gagosian Gallery", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 696450, "question": "#1 >> founded by", "answer": "Larry Gagosian", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "Larry Gagosian", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2357}
{"id": "2hop__132909_33564", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "East India Company", "paragraph_text": "The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Vestergaard Frandsen", "paragraph_text": "Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "GEPetrol", "paragraph_text": "GEPetrol is the national oil company of the Equatorial Guinea. The company was founded in 2002 after the writing of a presidential decree. The company reports to the Ministry of Mines, Industry and Energy. GEPetrol's director is Antonio Engonga Oburu. The company maintains offices in Malabo and in London.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Poggenpohl", "paragraph_text": "In 1892, the brand Poggenpohl was established as a white lacquer furniture company founded by Freidemir Poggenpohl. Poggenpohl was successful with introducing ergonomic work-top heights, and storage innovations aimed at improving the kitchen. In 1923, Poggenpohl introduced a free-standing commodious cupboard called \"The Ideal\" which was also adopted by American cabinet manufacturer Kitchen Maid. The Poggenpohl cupboard was the forerunner of \"The Fitted Kitchen\" in the \"Era of the Commodious Cupboard\". The company continued to create new products and techniques; in 1928, it introduced the reform kitchen, a significant innovation in the industry, and in 1930, it created the 'ten-layer polished lacquer technique'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Hale & Kilburn", "paragraph_text": "The Hale & Kilburn company of Philadelphia was a furniture manufacturing company founded by Henry S. Hale and Cheney Kilburn. The Hale & Kilburn company's primary business was the production of railroad car seats for the greatly expanding American railroad companies. The Hale & Kilburn company was sold to J.P. Morgan & Co. in 1911 for $9 million.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Hamaar Sautan Hamaar Saheli", "paragraph_text": "Hamaar Sautan Hamaar Saheli follows the journey of two women in rural North India. Chanda is a lively tribal girl who is forcefully married off by her alcoholic father to the elder, womanizing Thakur Nirbhay Singh. After marriage, Chanda discovers that Nirbhay is already married to the docile and submissive Asha. This is a story of how the two women unite to fight against the man who has deceived them both.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nirbhay", "paragraph_text": "Nirbhay (Sanskrit:\"Dauntless/Fearless\") is a long range, all-weather, subsonic cruise missile designed and developed in India by the Defence Research and Development Organisation. The missile can be launched from multiple platforms and is capable of carrying conventional and nuclear warheads. It is currently under development and undergoing flight trials.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name \"City of Pearls\" and up until the 18th century, the city was also the only global trading centre for large diamonds. Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bharat Electronics (BEL), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) and Andhra Bank (AB) were established in the city. The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In 2013, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE-Mumbai by the end of 2014. The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from a traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre. Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Old Mother Riley's Circus", "paragraph_text": "Old Mother Riley's Circus is a 1941 British comedy film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Arthur Lucan, Kitty McShane and John Longden. Old Mother Riley takes over a struggling circus and makes a huge success of it. The trade ad poster proclaims, \"A LAUGH - A YELL - A ROAR - A LUCANQUAKE!\" The film was made at the Rock Studios in Elstree by British National Films. It was the final film by Bentley, who had been a leading British director during the silent era and early sound era.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sony Music", "paragraph_text": "In 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several smaller record companies, which, ultimately, transformed into one enterprise known as SME. In the depths of the Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company (founded in 1888) in the U.S. (including its Okeh Records subsidiary) was acquired by ARC in 1934.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "James Ware (ophthalmologist)", "paragraph_text": "James Ware, M.D., F.R.S. (1756\u20131815) was an English eye surgeon, and Fellow of the Royal Society, who practiced in London during the Georgian era. He is considered one of the founding fathers of modern ophthalmology in Britain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Era of Good Feelings", "paragraph_text": "The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812. The era saw the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the bitter partisan disputes between it and the dominant Democratic - Republican Party during the First Party System. President James Monroe strove to downplay partisan affiliation in making his nominations, with the ultimate goal of national unity and eliminating parties altogether from national politics. The period is so closely associated with Monroe's presidency (1817 -- 1825) and his administrative goals that his name and the era are virtually synonymous.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Phonograph record", "paragraph_text": "In the 1930s, record companies began issuing collections of 78 rpm records by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums, typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover. Most albums included three or four records, with two sides each, making six or eight tunes per album. When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949, the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and was still often referred to as an \"album\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "North British and Mercantile Insurance", "paragraph_text": "The North British and Mercantile Insurance Company was a British-based company founded in 1809 in Edinburgh and absorbed as a subsidiary of the Commercial Union in 1959. The company was also known as the North British Insurance Company, North British Fire Office and North British Fire Insurance Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Original Six", "paragraph_text": "Part of a series on the History of the NHL National Hockey League Founding (1917 -- 1942) Original Six (1942 -- 1967) Expansion era (1967 -- 1992) Modern era (1992 -- present) Ice hockey portal", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Nydalens Compagnie", "paragraph_text": "Nydalens Compagnie was a company in Nydalen, Oslo, Norway. It was founded in 1845 as a textile manufacturer, and from 1963 to 1998 it was a real estate company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Ella Spira", "paragraph_text": "Ella Spira is a composer based in London, United Kingdom. Spira co-founded the Production Company 'Sisters Grimm', alongside former Royal Ballet ballerina Pietra Mello-Pittman. Spira writes and composes music for ballet and film, and also works as an arranger making dance remixes for popular UK artists. She was born in Gloucester, and was mentored by film composer David Arnold.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Cellius", "paragraph_text": "Cellius (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30bb\u30ea\u30a6\u30b9 \"Kabushiki-Gaisha Seriusu\"), located in Shibuya, Tokyo, was a computer game developer founded in 2007 as a venture between Sony and Bandai Namco Holdings. The aim of the company is to \"help take share from Microsoft Corp. and Nintendo Co.\" Sony hopes that the company will make up for the losses it made during quarter two of its financial year. 'Father of the PlayStation' Ken Kutaragi was announced as CEO.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Om Shivpuri", "paragraph_text": "A National School of Drama, New Delhi alumnus, Om Shivpuri became the first chief of the National School of Drama Repertory Company (1964) and one of its actors; he later founded an important theatre group of its era, in New Delhi: Dishantar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "GeminiJets", "paragraph_text": "GeminiJets is a diecast model airplane manufacturer based in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States founded in 1998 under the name of SkyJets. The product line is named GeminiJets, but ADI (Airliners Distributing Inc.) is the founding company holding the production licenses from airlines and aircraft manufacturers, including but not limited to Boeing, Airbus, McDonnell Douglas, and Embraer. ADI makes and markets aircraft in several different scales.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "During which era was the company that makes Nirbhay founded?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 132909, "question": "What company makes Nirbhay?", "answer": "Defence Research and Development Organisation", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}, {"id": 33564, "question": "During what era was #1 founded?", "answer": "From the 1950s to the 1970s", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "From the 1950s to the 1970s", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1921}
{"id": "2hop__199216_33564", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Agni-I", "paragraph_text": "Agni-I (Agn\u012b \"\"Fire\"\") is a short-range ballistic missile developed by DRDO of India under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. It is a single-stage missile developed after the Kargil War to fill the gap between 250\u00a0km range of Prithvi-II and 2,500\u00a0km range of Agni-II. It was first launched on 25 January 2002 from a road mobile launcher at Integrated Test Range (ITR), Wheeler Island. Less than 75 launchers are deployed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Comdial", "paragraph_text": "Comdial was founded in Oregon in 1977 as a telecommunications research firm. On October 1, 1982 it acquired the telephone manufacturing division of General Dynamics for $53.7 million, gaining the company a major product design and manufacturing operation located in Charlottesville, Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "GeminiJets", "paragraph_text": "GeminiJets is a diecast model airplane manufacturer based in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States founded in 1998 under the name of SkyJets. The product line is named GeminiJets, but ADI (Airliners Distributing Inc.) is the founding company holding the production licenses from airlines and aircraft manufacturers, including but not limited to Boeing, Airbus, McDonnell Douglas, and Embraer. ADI makes and markets aircraft in several different scales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Krauss-Maffei ML 2200 C'C'", "paragraph_text": "The diesel-hydraulic locomotive ML 2200 C'C' was a 6 axle variant of the DB Class V 200 series of locomotives, which were built for Yugoslav State Railways (JD\u017d) by manufacturer Krauss-Maffei.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Waltham Manufacturing Company", "paragraph_text": "Waltham Manufacturing Company (WMC) was a manufacturer of bicycles, motorcycles, motorized tricycles and quadricycles, buckboards, and automobiles in Waltham, Massachusetts. It sold products under the brand names Orient, Waltham, and Waltham-Orient. The company was founded in 1893, moving to self-propelled vehicles after 1898.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Agni Air Flight 101", "paragraph_text": "Agni Air Flight 101 was a regional flight operated by Agni Air between Kathmandu, Nepal, and Lukla, Nepal, that crashed on 24 August 2010, killing all 14 people on board. Twenty minutes after take-off from Kathmandu, the flight crew had reported technical issues with the aircraft, and requested a return to the airport; they were, however, diverted to a different airport. Five minutes after this transmission contact with the aircraft was lost; the aircraft was found crashed south of Kathmandu.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "V-twin engine", "paragraph_text": "Gottlieb Daimler built a V - twin engine in 1889. It was used as a stationary powerplant and to power boats. It was also used in Daimler's second automobile, the 1889 Stahlradwagen (``steel - wheeled car ''). The engine was also manufactured under licence in France by Panhard et Levassor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Poggenpohl", "paragraph_text": "In 1892, the brand Poggenpohl was established as a white lacquer furniture company founded by Freidemir Poggenpohl. Poggenpohl was successful with introducing ergonomic work-top heights, and storage innovations aimed at improving the kitchen. In 1923, Poggenpohl introduced a free-standing commodious cupboard called \"The Ideal\" which was also adopted by American cabinet manufacturer Kitchen Maid. The Poggenpohl cupboard was the forerunner of \"The Fitted Kitchen\" in the \"Era of the Commodious Cupboard\". The company continued to create new products and techniques; in 1928, it introduced the reform kitchen, a significant innovation in the industry, and in 1930, it created the 'ten-layer polished lacquer technique'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "New Era Windows", "paragraph_text": "New Era Windows is an American worker cooperative formed by Chicago union members seeking to purchase their workplace, a window manufacturing plant located on Goose Island.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "India and weapons of mass destruction", "paragraph_text": "India Nuclear programme start date 1967 First nuclear weapon test 18 May 1974 First fusion weapon test 11 May 1998 Most recent test 13 May 1998 Largest - yield test 20 - 60 kt total Number of tests to date 6 Peak stockpile 110 - 120 Current stockpile 110 - 120 Maximum missile range 5,000 - 5,800 km (Agni - V) NPT Party No Smiling Buddha Declared (Pokhran - II) Disputed (Pokhran - II) 2016 estimate Agni V", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Aster Societ\u00e0 Italiana Motori", "paragraph_text": "Aster Societ\u00e0 Italiana Motori was an Italian manufacturer of automobiles from 1906-1908. It was founded by the French manufacturer of \"Aster\" cars and engines, Ateliers de Construction Mecanique l'Aster.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Bedford Dormobile", "paragraph_text": "The Bedford Dormobile is a 1960s-era campervan (motorcaravan, motorhome) conversion, based on the Bedford CA van, and subsequently on the Bedford CF. It was manufactured in Folkestone in Kent, southern England, by Martin Walter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ancient Egyptian technology", "paragraph_text": "Evidence indicates that Egyptians made use of potter's wheels in the manufacturing of pottery from as early as the 4th Dynasty. Chariots, however, are only believed to have been introduced by the invasion of the Hyksos in the Second Intermediate period; during the New Kingdom era, chariotry became central to Egypt's military.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Emerson USA", "paragraph_text": "Emerson USA Inc. is a California based flag manufacturer. Founded in 2003, the company is one of San Francisco's only textile manufacturers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Valanx", "paragraph_text": "The BAE Systems Valanx was one of six competitors for a Joint Light Tactical Vehicle that will replace the Humvee. The Valanx featured lightweight advanced armour and a V shaped hull for crew protection. The Valanx was not selected for the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase of the program.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Agni-V", "paragraph_text": "Agni-V is an intercontinental ballistic missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India. Agni V is part of the Agni series of missiles, one of the missile systems under the original Integrated Guided Missile Development Program.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name \"City of Pearls\" and up until the 18th century, the city was also the only global trading centre for large diamonds. Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bharat Electronics (BEL), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) and Andhra Bank (AB) were established in the city. The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In 2013, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE-Mumbai by the end of 2014. The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from a traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre. Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Agni (1978 film)", "paragraph_text": "Agni is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by C. Radhakrishnan and produced by Hassan and P. M. K. Bapu. The film stars Madhu, Vidhubala, Sankaradi and Aboobacker in the lead roles. The film's musical score is by A. T. Ummer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Edegarike", "paragraph_text": "Edegarike (; \"Guts\") is a 2012 Indian Kannada crime drama film directed by Sumana Kittur, based on the novel of the same name written by Agni Shridhar. It stars Aditya in the lead role. Atul Kulkarni, Achyuth Kumar, Srujan Lokesh, Dharma and Aakanksha Mansukhani Feature in supporting roles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Original Six", "paragraph_text": "Part of a series on the History of the NHL National Hockey League Founding (1917 -- 1942) Original Six (1942 -- 1967) Expansion era (1967 -- 1992) Modern era (1992 -- present) Ice hockey portal", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "During what era was the manufacturer of Agni-V founded?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 199216, "question": "Agni-V >> manufacturer", "answer": "Defence Research and Development Organisation", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}, {"id": 33564, "question": "During what era was #1 founded?", "answer": "From the 1950s to the 1970s", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "From the 1950s to the 1970s", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1722}
{"id": "2hop__133241_33564", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Holsman Automobile Company", "paragraph_text": "The Holsman Automobile Company was an early United States automobile manufacturer in Chicago, Illinois, between 1901 and 1910. Founded by Henry K. Holsman, the company produced a high wheeler automobile.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Waltham Manufacturing Company", "paragraph_text": "Waltham Manufacturing Company (WMC) was a manufacturer of bicycles, motorcycles, motorized tricycles and quadricycles, buckboards, and automobiles in Waltham, Massachusetts. It sold products under the brand names Orient, Waltham, and Waltham-Orient. The company was founded in 1893, moving to self-propelled vehicles after 1898.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Agni-V", "paragraph_text": "Agni-V is an intercontinental ballistic missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India. Agni V is part of the Agni series of missiles, one of the missile systems under the original Integrated Guided Missile Development Program.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ben & Jerry's", "paragraph_text": "Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings Inc, trading and commonly known as Ben & Jerry's, is an American company that manufactures ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet. It was founded in 1978 in Burlington, Vermont, and operates globally as a subsidiary of the Anglo - Dutch conglomerate Unilever. Its headquarters is in South Burlington, Vermont with its main factory in Waterbury, Vermont.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Iron Grip Barbell Company", "paragraph_text": "The Iron Grip Barbell Company is a manufacturer of commercial free weight equipment based in Santa Ana, California. Founded in 1993, its website claims it is the only company that still manufactures a complete line of equipment in the United States. Iron Grip holds many patents, and is internationally known.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "De'Longhi", "paragraph_text": "The company was founded by the De' Longhi family in 1902 as a small industrial parts manufacturing workshop. The company incorporated in 1950. Historically a major producer of portable heaters and air conditioners, the company has expanded to include nearly every category of small domestic appliances in the food preparation and cooking, as well as household cleaning and ironing, segments. De'Longhi is especially well known for the Artista Series espresso machines, the De'Longhi gelato maker and the Pinguino portable air conditioner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name \"City of Pearls\" and up until the 18th century, the city was also the only global trading centre for large diamonds. Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bharat Electronics (BEL), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) and Andhra Bank (AB) were established in the city. The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In 2013, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE-Mumbai by the end of 2014. The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from a traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre. Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Natural Alternatives International", "paragraph_text": "Natural Alternatives International (NAI) is an American company based in San Marcos, California which manufactures nutritional supplements such as Juice Plus. NAI was founded in 1980 by Mark A. LeDoux, and had 241 employees in 2007. NAI's manufacturing facilities are located in Vista, California, Switzerland and Japan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "India and weapons of mass destruction", "paragraph_text": "India Nuclear programme start date 1967 First nuclear weapon test 18 May 1974 First fusion weapon test 11 May 1998 Most recent test 13 May 1998 Largest - yield test 20 - 60 kt total Number of tests to date 6 Peak stockpile 110 - 120 Current stockpile 110 - 120 Maximum missile range 5,000 - 5,800 km (Agni - V) NPT Party No Smiling Buddha Declared (Pokhran - II) Disputed (Pokhran - II) 2016 estimate Agni V", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Comdial", "paragraph_text": "Comdial was founded in Oregon in 1977 as a telecommunications research firm. On October 1, 1982 it acquired the telephone manufacturing division of General Dynamics for $53.7 million, gaining the company a major product design and manufacturing operation located in Charlottesville, Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Colchester Racing Developments", "paragraph_text": "Colchester Racing Developments produced Merlyn racing cars from 1960 to 1979. The company was founded by Clive Maskrey, Selwyn Hayward and continued by Hayward's brother, Clive. When the manufacture of Merlyn racing cars stopped, Clive Hayward continued to manufacture Merlyn parts as CRD Tool and Engineering Ltd. This company stopped trading in November 2015, but Clive Hayward continues to run Colchester Racing Developments, manufacturing Merlyn components and carrying out chassis repairs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Vestas", "paragraph_text": "Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a Danish manufacturer, seller, installer, and servicer of wind turbines founded in 1945. The company operates manufacturing plants in Denmark, Germany, India, Italy, Romania, the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Australia, China, and the United States, and employs more than 24,400 people globally.As of 2013, it is the largest wind turbine company in the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Emerson USA", "paragraph_text": "Emerson USA Inc. is a California based flag manufacturer. Founded in 2003, the company is one of San Francisco's only textile manufacturers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Ensign Manufacturing Company", "paragraph_text": "Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Hale & Kilburn", "paragraph_text": "The Hale & Kilburn company of Philadelphia was a furniture manufacturing company founded by Henry S. Hale and Cheney Kilburn. The Hale & Kilburn company's primary business was the production of railroad car seats for the greatly expanding American railroad companies. The Hale & Kilburn company was sold to J.P. Morgan & Co. in 1911 for $9 million.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Poggenpohl", "paragraph_text": "In 1892, the brand Poggenpohl was established as a white lacquer furniture company founded by Freidemir Poggenpohl. Poggenpohl was successful with introducing ergonomic work-top heights, and storage innovations aimed at improving the kitchen. In 1923, Poggenpohl introduced a free-standing commodious cupboard called \"The Ideal\" which was also adopted by American cabinet manufacturer Kitchen Maid. The Poggenpohl cupboard was the forerunner of \"The Fitted Kitchen\" in the \"Era of the Commodious Cupboard\". The company continued to create new products and techniques; in 1928, it introduced the reform kitchen, a significant innovation in the industry, and in 1930, it created the 'ten-layer polished lacquer technique'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Vestergaard Frandsen", "paragraph_text": "Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Goodrich Corporation", "paragraph_text": "The Goodrich Corporation, formerly the B.F. Goodrich Company, was an American aerospace manufacturing company based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Founded in Akron, Ohio in 1870 as Goodrich, Tew & Co. by Dr. Benjamin Franklin Goodrich. The company name was changed to the ``B.F. Goodrich Company ''in 1880, to BFGoodrich in the 1980s, and to`` Goodrich Corporation'' in 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Agni Air Flight 101", "paragraph_text": "Agni Air Flight 101 was a regional flight operated by Agni Air between Kathmandu, Nepal, and Lukla, Nepal, that crashed on 24 August 2010, killing all 14 people on board. Twenty minutes after take-off from Kathmandu, the flight crew had reported technical issues with the aircraft, and requested a return to the airport; they were, however, diverted to a different airport. Five minutes after this transmission contact with the aircraft was lost; the aircraft was found crashed south of Kathmandu.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Yamaha DragStar 650", "paragraph_text": "The Yamaha DragStar 650 \"(also known as the V Star 650 and the XVS650/XVS650A)\" is a motorcycle produced by Yamaha Motor Company.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In what era was the company known as the manufacturer of Agni-V founded?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 133241, "question": "Which company is known as the manufacturer of Agni-V?", "answer": "Defence Research and Development Organisation", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 33564, "question": "During what era was #1 founded?", "answer": "From the 1950s to the 1970s", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}], "answer": "From the 1950s to the 1970s", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1821}
{"id": "2hop__636597_480615", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Gmina Brzeziny, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a Voivodeship", "paragraph_text": "Gmina Brzeziny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzeziny County, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Brzeziny, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Moorea-Maiao", "paragraph_text": "Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Oblasts of the Soviet Union", "paragraph_text": "The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Krasnovishersky District", "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Pettai, Karaikal", "paragraph_text": "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Qiantong, Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "Qiantong () is a town in southwestern Ninghai County in eastern Zhejiang province, China, situated along G15 Shenyang\u2013Haikou Expressway around southwest of the county seat as the crow flies. , it has 29 villages under its administration. The town was established in the last years of the Song Dynasty, though much of its architecture dates from the Ming or Qing; a large proportion of its residents are surnamed Tong ().", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Motru Coal Mine", "paragraph_text": "Motru Coal Mine is an open-pit mining exploitation, one of the largest in Romania located in Motru, Gorj County. The legal entity managing the Motru mine is the National Company of Lignite Oltenia which was set up in 1997.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Hu Sanxing", "paragraph_text": "Hu was born in Ninghai (current Ninghai County of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province). He was a mid-level official under the prime minister Jia Sidao during the 1250s. After the fall of Song, he hid himself in the country, and he spent the next few years, until the end of his life, writing his influential corrections and commentaries for the \"Zizhi Tongjian\". Hu's commentaries are considered highly valuable for readers of the work.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Taputapuatea", "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Pak Tam Chung", "paragraph_text": "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Kiri Territory", "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Texas\u2013Indian wars", "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality", "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What city is located in the county containing Qiantong?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 636597, "question": "Qiantong >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Ninghai County", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 480615, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Ningbo", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Ningbo", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2164}
{"id": "2hop__373759_136043", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Adelaide Malanotte", "paragraph_text": "Adelaide Malanotte (1785 \u2013 31 December 1832) was an Italian operatic contralto who performed in major opera houses in Italy from 1806\u20131821. She is best known for creating the title role in the world premiere of Gioachino Rossini's \"Tancredi\" in 1813. After her marriage, she performed under the name Adelaide Montresor. Her son, Giovanni Battista Montresor, had a career as a tenor and impresario in the United States. From 1812 until her death 20 years later she carried on an extra-marital affair with the poet Luigi Lechi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "American Horror Story: Freak Show", "paragraph_text": "After Jimmy deny Dandy's opportunity to join the troupe, Gloria, with the intent to console her son, mistakes a demented serial killer clown named Twisty (John Carroll Lynch), who was responsible for the recent crimes that plagued around town, as a stray circus performer and brings him to surprise Dandy as his playmate. When Dandy peeks in Twisty's belongings, however, the latter knocks him down and runs away back to his dwelling at the woods, where he has several kidnapped children for his personal performance; his plan is to win back their attention against the freaks, who had cruelly taunted him in his past life as a former troupe member, leaving him devastated and hence fuelling him to attempt at his life, which resulted in his lower jaw mutilated after shooting himself in his mouth. Dandy follows Twisty and forms an allegiance with him after discovering the Twisty's intentions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Eye of the Tiger", "paragraph_text": "``Eye of the Tiger ''Single by Survivor from the album Rocky III and Eye of the Tiger B - side`` Take You on a Saturday'' Released 1982 Format 7 - inch single 12 - inch single (45 rpm) Genre Hard rock Length 4: 04 Label EMI Scotti Brothers Songwriter (s) Frankie Sullivan Jim Peterik Producer (s) Frankie Sullivan Jim Peterik Survivor singles chronology ``Summer Nights ''(1982)`` Eye of the Tiger'' (1982) ``American Heartbeat ''(1982)`` Summer Nights'' (1982) ``Eye of the Tiger ''(1982)`` American Heartbeat'' (1982) Audio sample file help Music video Eye of the Tiger on YouTube", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Rex (Live at the Fillmore)", "paragraph_text": "The collaborative show features Williams, Keith Moseley (of The String Cheese Incident) and Jeff Austin (of Yonder Mountain String Band) performing bluegrass versions of Grateful Dead songs. The group performed under the name Grateful Grass.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Heartbeat (Nina Sky song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Heartbeat\" is a song by American twins duo Nina Sky. It was released as a second single from their third studio album \"Nicole and Natalie\" on June 14, 2012. The song is released independently through their official website. Music video for the song is released on July 27, 2012, four days before the album's release. Later, \"Heartbeat: Remixes\", a remix EP, was also released.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lovely to See You", "paragraph_text": "The song's popularity also led the Moody Blues to name one of their live albums after it. \"\" was recorded at a performance at the Greek Theater, and was released in 2005, with the song \"Lovely to See You\" as the lead track. The song was the first to be played at the launch of the Bournemouth (UK) radio station 2CR.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Fischerspooner", "paragraph_text": "Fischerspooner is an electroclash duo and performance troupe formed in 1998 in New York City. The name is a combination of the founders' last names, Warren Fischer and Casey Spooner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Heartbeat in the Brain", "paragraph_text": "Heartbeat in the Brain is a 1970 documentary film produced and directed by Amanda Feilding, an advocate of trepanation. In the film, Feilding, a 27-year-old student at the time, drills a hole in her forehead with a dentist's drill. In the documentary, surgical scenes alternate with motion studies of Feilding's pet pigeon Birdie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Eye of the Tiger", "paragraph_text": "``Eye of the Tiger ''Single by Survivor from the album Rocky III and Eye of the Tiger B - side`` Take You on a Saturday'' Released May 29, 1982 Format 7 - inch single 12 - inch single (45 rpm) Recorded 1982 Genre Hard rock Length 4: 04 Label EMI Scotti Brothers Songwriter (s) Frankie Sullivan Jim Peterik Producer (s) Frankie Sullivan Survivor singles chronology ``Summer Nights ''(1982)`` Eye of the Tiger'' (1982) ``American Heartbeat ''(1982)`` Summer Nights'' (1982) ``Eye of the Tiger ''(1982)`` American Heartbeat'' (1982) Audio sample file help Music video Eye of the Tiger on YouTube", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hummingbird Heartbeat", "paragraph_text": "\"Hummingbird Heartbeat\" is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry for her third studio album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010). It was written by Perry, Christopher \"Tricky\" Stewart, Stacy Barthe, and Monte Neuble. Stewart handled the production of the song, while Kuk Harrell produced Perry's vocals. \"Hummingbird Heartbeat\" was inspired by Perry's boyfriend at the time, Russell Brand. Musically, it is a 1980s-styled hard rock song that contains a mixture of elements from rock and electronica. Lyrically, the song compares the feeling of being in love to the speed of a hummingbird's heartbeat.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Chen Peisi", "paragraph_text": "Chen's father Chen Qiang named him Chen Peisi after Pest, when he performed \"The White-Haired Girl\" in Budapest, Hungary in 1951. The pronunciation of \"Budapest\" in Mandarin Chinese is \"\". Chen's father named his elder brother Chen Buda ().", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Song Beneath the Song", "paragraph_text": "``Song Beneath the Song, ''also known as Grey's Anatomy:`` The Music Event,'' is the eighteenth episode of the seventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, and the one - hundred forty - fourth episode overall. It was named after a song initially performed by American singer Maria Taylor. Written by series creator Shonda Rhimes and directed by Tony Phelan, it premiered on ABC in the United States on March 31, 2011. It is the series's first musical episode, and features the cast performing songs previously featured within the program. It is accompanied by a soundtrack album, titled Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event, also released on March 31, 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Nina Sky", "paragraph_text": "Nina Sky is an American female duo composed of identical twins Nicole and Natalie Albino (were born on March 13, 1984 in Puerto Rico). Their debut single \"Move Ya Body\", released from their self-titled debut album in 2004, was a success, reaching number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Their second album Nicole & Natalie was released on July 31, 2012. Their third studio album \"Brightest Gold\" was announced for 2016 release through Tommy Boy Entertainment.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Heart sounds", "paragraph_text": "In healthy adults, there are two normal heart sounds, often described as a lub and a dub (or dup), that occur in sequence with each heartbeat. These are the first heart sound (S) and second heart sound (S), produced by the closing of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, respectively. In addition to these normal sounds, a variety of other sounds may be present including heart murmurs, adventitious sounds, and gallop rhythms S and S.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Beckmann rearrangement", "paragraph_text": "The Beckmann rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853\u20131923), is a rearrangement of an oxime functional group to substituted amides. The rearrangement has also been successful performed on haloimines and nitrones. Cyclic oximes and haloimines yield lactams.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Heartbeat Detector", "paragraph_text": "Heartbeat Detector () is a 2007 French film directed by Nicolas Klotz and starring Mathieu Amalric. The film is based on the 2000 novel by Fran\u00e7ois Emmanuel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Ton nom", "paragraph_text": "\"Ton nom\" (\"Your name\") was the Belgian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1962, performed in French by Fud Leclerc.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Today Is the Day (Lincoln Brewster album)", "paragraph_text": "Today Is the Day is the fourth studio album from contemporary Christian musician Lincoln Brewster. It was released on September 23, 2008 and debuted at No.\u00a056 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Lincoln has embedded many personal connections into the audio on this record, the foremost of which is his son's unborn heartbeat, setting the tempo in the first seconds of \"The Power of Your Name\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Pakistani cricket team in Ireland in 2018", "paragraph_text": "Pakistan won the one - off fixture by five wickets, with Ireland's Kevin O'Brien named as the man of the match, after he scored the first century for Ireland in Test cricket. Despite the loss, Cricket Ireland deemed the match to be a great success. Pakistan's captain, Sarfraz Ahmed, praised the performance of the Ireland team during the match.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Koka Booth Amphitheatre", "paragraph_text": "The Koka Booth Amphitheatre is a performing arts amphitheatre in Cary, North Carolina, USA. It is located in Regency Park, which is owned and operated by the Town of Cary. The venue is managed by SMG, formally known as Spectacor Management Group. The venue was known as The Amphitheatre at Regency Park before the town's decision to name it after the former Cary mayor Koka Booth. It was constructed in 2000 on the north bank of the park's Symphony Lake.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the performer of Heartbeat named after?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 373759, "question": "Heartbeat >> performer", "answer": "Nina Sky", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 136043, "question": "What is #1 named after?", "answer": "Natalie Albino", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "Natalie Albino", "answer_aliases": ["Nina Sky"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1886}
{"id": "2hop__709357_136043", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Moonwalk (dance)", "paragraph_text": "The moonwalk is a dance move in which the dancer moves backwards while seemingly walking forwards. A popping move, it became popular around the world after Michael Jackson performed the dance move during a performance of ``Billie Jean ''on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever on March 25, 1983. This special was broadcast May 16, 1983. It subsequently became his signature move.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Nevels Corners, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Nevels Corners is an unincorporated community in the town of Dayton, Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. The community was named after George W. Nevel, who had moved from Pennsylvania in the 1850s and established a farm in the area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pontiac Bonneville Special", "paragraph_text": "The Pontiac Bonneville Special is a purpose-built concept car unveiled at the General Motors Motorama in 1954, the first 2-seater sports car Pontiac had ever produced. Conceived by renowned designer Harley J. Earl and hand built by Homer C. LaGassey Jr. and Paul Gilland, the \"Special\" is a grand touring sport coup\u00e9 that incorporated innovative styling like a Plexiglas canopy with gull-wing windows on a sleek fiberglass body. The name \"Bonneville\" was meant to convey high performance, inspired by a trip Earl had taken to Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah to observe speed trials there. It was the first GM vehicle to carry the name, subsequently given to the Division's full-size performance car, the Bonneville, which carried it for 47 years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Saida Miller Khalifa", "paragraph_text": "Saida Miller Khalifa is an author and convert to Islam. She was born Sonya Miller in Great Britain and converted in 1959. She met her husband, an Egyptian professor named Yusry Khalifa, a year later after having taken the name \"Saida\". They both went on the Hajj in 1970, three years after moving to Cairo. Saida then published a short narrative of the trip entitled \"The Fifth Pillar of Islam\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Chen Peisi", "paragraph_text": "Chen's father Chen Qiang named him Chen Peisi after Pest, when he performed \"The White-Haired Girl\" in Budapest, Hungary in 1951. The pronunciation of \"Budapest\" in Mandarin Chinese is \"\". Chen's father named his elder brother Chen Buda ().", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Harrysong", "paragraph_text": "Harrison Tare Okiri, better known by his stage name Harrysong, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and instrumentalist who rose to fame after his tribute song to Nelson Mandela won the \"Most Downloaded Callertune Award\" at The Headies 2013. Harrysong was born in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria to Ijaw parents but moved to Lagos in 2007 after spending some of his early life in Port Harcourt. Prior to signing to QuestionMark Entertainment, Harrysong used to perform at night clubs until he met Kcee who introduced him to top music personalities. In 2014, Harrysong was nominated in the \"Best Pop/R&B Artist of the Year\" category at the 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards after the release of his chart-topping song \"Beta Pikin\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hoji Fortuna", "paragraph_text": "Born in Luanda and named after war hero Hoji-ya-Henda, Fortuna emigrated to Portugal at the age of 20. He worked as a model and DJ in parallel to his study of law at the Catholic University of Portugal in Porto, and eventually took up acting. In 2008, he followed his partner and now wife, travel writer Anja Mutic, to live in New York.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Move Ya Body", "paragraph_text": "\"Move Ya Body\" is a song recorded by American duo Nina Sky. It was released in April 2004 as the lead single from their debut album, \"Nina Sky\". The song features rapper Jabba. There is a remix to the song with Jamaican deejay Vybz Kartel. The song became the duo's only solo single to reach the top 40 of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, as such Nina Sky is often regarded as a one hit wonder, though they did appear on N.O.R.E.s \"Oye Mi Canto\", which made it to number 12 on the Hot 100. The song ranked at number 250 on \"Blender\"s 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born. It was also featured as soundtrack in the 2012 film \"Zero Dark Thirty\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mitzi Meyerson", "paragraph_text": "She was born into a musical family in Chicago, Illinois, where she began her concert career at the age of seven. After completing her university and graduate studies in Chicago and Oberlin, Ohio, she moved to London to co-found the ensemble Trio Sonnerie (with Monica Huggett and Sarah Cunningham), with whom she performed and recorded extensively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Nina Sky", "paragraph_text": "Nina Sky is an American female duo composed of identical twins Nicole and Natalie Albino (were born on March 13, 1984 in Puerto Rico). Their debut single \"Move Ya Body\", released from their self-titled debut album in 2004, was a success, reaching number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Their second album Nicole & Natalie was released on July 31, 2012. Their third studio album \"Brightest Gold\" was announced for 2016 release through Tommy Boy Entertainment.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Broomball Australia", "paragraph_text": "Broomball Australia is the national governing body for the ice sport of broomball in Australia. It was incorporated in October 2004 after a number of years unofficially operating under other varied names, such as the \"Australian Broomball Association\". Broomball Australia is a member of the International Federation of Broomball Associations (IFBA).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Body Pressure", "paragraph_text": "Body Pressure is a 1974 performance piece by American artist Bruce Nauman. The performer is instructed to press their body against a wall in various positions; Nauman says that it \"may become a very erotic exercise\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Maiysha", "paragraph_text": "Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, Maiysha went to Sarah Lawrence College where she studied vocal performance as well as creative writing and race and gender studies. After graduating, Maiysha moved to New York City to teach at a private school in Manhattan. She also was signed to Ford Models.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Bison antiquus", "paragraph_text": "During the later Pleistocene epoch, between 240,000 and 220,000 years ago, steppe wisent (B. priscus) migrated from Siberia into Alaska across the Bering Land Bridge. Bison priscus inhabited northern North America throughout the remainder of the Pleistocene. In western North America, B. priscus evolved into long-horned bison, B. latifrons, which then evolved into B. antiquus. The larger B. latifrons appears to have died out by about 20,000 ya. After the extinction of B. latifrons, B. antiquus became increasingly abundant in parts of midcontinent North America from 18,000 ya until about 10,000 ya, after which the species appears to have given rise to the living species, B. bison. B. antiquus is the most commonly recovered large mammalian herbivore from the La Brea tar pits.B. antiquus was taller, had larger bones and horns, and was 15-25% larger overall than modern bison. It reached up to 2.27 m (7.5 ft) tall, 4.6 m (15 ft) long, and a weight of 1,588 kg (3500 lb). From tip to tip, the horns of B. antiquus measured about 3 ft (nearly 1 m).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Charles in Charge", "paragraph_text": "The series premiered on CBS on October 3, 1984, and aired initially on Wednesday nights at 8 PM paired with another new sitcom, \"Dreams\". Facing off against two hits in ABC's \"The Fall Guy\" and NBC's \"Highway to Heaven\", neither show performed well and \"Charles in Charge\" was moved to Saturday nights after the cancellation of \"Dreams\". CBS eventually decided to cancel the series after it made no improvement in the ratings after its move to Saturday, and \"Charles in Charge\" aired its final episode on April 3, 1985, in its original time slot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "1973\u201374 WHA season", "paragraph_text": "The 1973\u201374 WHA season was the second season of the World Hockey Association. Twelve teams each played 78 games. The Philadelphia Blazers relocated to Vancouver, becoming the Vancouver Blazers. They were moved to the Western Division and Chicago moved to the East. The New York Raiders were renamed the New York Golden Blades and then moved to Cherry Hill, New Jersey to become the Jersey Knights after just 24 games. The Ottawa Nationals moved to Toronto and became the Toronto Toros. The Alberta Oilers changed their name to the Edmonton Oilers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Shake Ya Ass", "paragraph_text": "``Shake Ya Ass ''Single by Mystikal from the album Let's Get Ready B - side`` Shake It Fast'' Released July 18, 2000 (2000 - 07 - 18) Format Vinyl, CD Recorded Master Sound Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) Genre Hip hop Length 4: 20 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Michael Tyler, Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo Producer (s) The Neptunes Mystikal singles chronology ``Live or Die ''(1999)`` Shake Ya Ass'' (2000) ``Danger (Been So Long) ''(2000)`` Live or Die'' (1999) ``Shake Ya Ass ''(2000)`` Danger (Been So Long)'' (2000)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The Incredible Sound Machine", "paragraph_text": "The Incredible Sound Machine is the fifth and final album by old school hip hop/electro funk group Mantronix, and the third Mantronix album released on Capitol Records. \"The Incredible Sound Machine\" featured new member, vocalist Jade Trini, who replaced D.J. D. Trini joined rapper Bryce \"Luvah\" Wilson (who made his debut on Mantronix's previous album, 1990's \"This Should Move Ya\"), and founding member, DJ Kurtis Mantronik.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Intuition Peak", "paragraph_text": "Intuition Peak (Vrah Intuitsiya \\'vr&h in-tu-'i-tsi-ya\\) is a sharp Antarctic peak of elevation 780\u00a0m in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is surmounting Iskar Glacier to the east and Devnya Valley to the west. The peak was named in appreciation of the role of scientific intuition for the advancement of human knowledge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "San Andreas Fault", "paragraph_text": "The fault was identified in 1895 by Professor Andrew Lawson of UC Berkeley, who discovered the northern zone. It is often described as having been named after San Andreas Lake, a small body of water that was formed in a valley between the two plates. However, according to some of his reports from 1895 and 1908, Lawson actually named it after the surrounding San Andreas Valley. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Lawson concluded that the fault extended all the way into southern California.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "The Move Ya Body song's band is named after who?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 709357, "question": "Move Ya Body >> performer", "answer": "Nina Sky", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 136043, "question": "What is #1 named after?", "answer": "Natalie Albino", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}], "answer": "Natalie Albino", "answer_aliases": ["Nina Sky"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2165}
{"id": "2hop__471509_136043", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Are You the One?", "paragraph_text": "Couple Week Result Ethan & Keyana Not A Match Anthony & Geles Not A Match Malcolm & Nurys Not A Match Dimitri & Nicole Not A Match Clinton & Uche 5 Not A Match Keith & Alexis 6 Not A Match Keith & Alivia 7 Not A Match Michael & Audrey 8 Not A Match Tyler & Nicole 9 Perfect Match Dimitri & Jada 10 Not A Match", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Maurice Nicolle", "paragraph_text": "Maurice Nicolle (1 March 1862 \u2013 20 August 1932) was a French physician and microbiologist born in Rouen. He was the brother of biologist Charles Nicolle (1866\u20131936).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chen Peisi", "paragraph_text": "Chen's father Chen Qiang named him Chen Peisi after Pest, when he performed \"The White-Haired Girl\" in Budapest, Hungary in 1951. The pronunciation of \"Budapest\" in Mandarin Chinese is \"\". Chen's father named his elder brother Chen Buda ().", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "After Sundown (2006 film)", "paragraph_text": "After Sundown is a 2006 American horror-Western film directed by Christopher Abram and Michael W. Brown, written by Abram, and starring Susana Gibb, Reece Rios, Natalie Jones, and co-directors Brown and Abram. A vampire gunslinger from the Old West terrorizes a modern-day town when his bride is revived.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Skin Wars", "paragraph_text": "Contestant Outcome Alan Anderson, 38 10th Sean Avram, 39 9th Angela Roberts, 22 8th Mythica Von Griffyn, 43 7th Felle Kelsaw, 41 6th Lawrence ``Gear ''Duran, 35 5th Nicole Hays, 29 4th Dutch Bihary, 41 3rd Shannon Holt, 38 Runner - Up Natalie Fletcher, 28 Winner", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nina Sky", "paragraph_text": "Nina Sky is an American female duo composed of identical twins Nicole and Natalie Albino (were born on March 13, 1984 in Puerto Rico). Their debut single \"Move Ya Body\", released from their self-titled debut album in 2004, was a success, reaching number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Their second album Nicole & Natalie was released on July 31, 2012. Their third studio album \"Brightest Gold\" was announced for 2016 release through Tommy Boy Entertainment.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Padm\u00e9 Amidala", "paragraph_text": "George Lucas, Rick McCallum, and casting director Robin Gurland auditioned over 200 actresses for the part of Padm\u00e9 Amidala. They chose 16 - year - old actress Natalie Portman to play the role. According to The Phantom Menace production notes, ``The role required a young woman who could be believable as the ruler of that planet, but at the same time be vulnerable and open. ''Portman's performances in The Professional (1994) and Beautiful Girls (1996) impressed Lucas. He stated,`` I was looking for someone who was young, strong, along the lines of Leia. Natalie embodied all those traits and more.''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Rabbit Hole (film)", "paragraph_text": "Rabbit Hole is a 2010 American tragedy film starring Nicole Kidman, Aaron Eckhart, and Dianne Wiest, and directed by John Cameron Mitchell; the screenplay is an adaptation by David Lindsay-Abaire of his 2006 play of the same name. Kidman produced the project via her company, Blossom Films. The film premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival in September 2010. Lionsgate distributed the film. The plot deals with a couple struggling to heal after the death of their young son. It received a limited release in the United States on December 17, 2010 and expanded nationwide on January 14, 2011. Kidman was critically acclaimed for her performance as Becca Corbett and received Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Actress. However, the film was a box office flop, grossing only $5.1 million against its $3 million budget.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Beckmann rearrangement", "paragraph_text": "The Beckmann rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853\u20131923), is a rearrangement of an oxime functional group to substituted amides. The rearrangement has also been successful performed on haloimines and nitrones. Cyclic oximes and haloimines yield lactams.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Santa Clarita Diet", "paragraph_text": "Natalie Morales as Anne Garcia, a sheriff's deputy, Dan's partner, and very religious. She becomes romantically involved with Lisa after Dan goes missing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Queen (band)", "paragraph_text": "Several films have featured their songs performed by other artists. A version of \"Somebody to Love\" by Anne Hathaway was in the 2004 film Ella Enchanted. In 2006, Brittany Murphy also recorded a cover of the same song for the 2006 film Happy Feet. In 2001, a version of \"The Show Must Go On\" was performed by Jim Broadbent and Nicole Kidman in the film musical Moulin Rouge!. The 2001 film A Knight's Tale has a version of \"We Are the Champions\" performed by Robbie Williams and Queen; the film also features \"We Will Rock You\" played by the medieval audience.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Whatever U Like", "paragraph_text": "\"Whatever U Like\" is a song by American recording artist Nicole Scherzinger, featuring rapper T.I.. The duo, along with Sean Garrett and Polow da Don, composed the song for Scherzinger's planned debut studio album \"Her Name Is Nicole\". Interscope Records released \"Whatever U Like\" as Scherzinger's solo debut single on July 30, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Nicole Owen", "paragraph_text": "Nicole Owen is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Ciara Janson. First appearing in 2004, Janson left the soap on 25 September 2006, making a brief return on 10 July 2007 until she left again on 13 July 2007. In 2019, it was confirmed that Nicole would be returning for her nephew, Max McQueen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Lovely to See You", "paragraph_text": "The song's popularity also led the Moody Blues to name one of their live albums after it. \"\" was recorded at a performance at the Greek Theater, and was released in 2005, with the song \"Lovely to See You\" as the lead track. The song was the first to be played at the launch of the Bournemouth (UK) radio station 2CR.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Emma Nicol", "paragraph_text": "In 1800 Emma Nicol was born, she was the first of four daughters of Sarah Bezra Nicol and her husband who were to become actresses.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Erotic Inferno", "paragraph_text": "Erotic Inferno is a 1975 British sex film, directed by Trevor Wrenn, and starring Chris Chittell, Karl Lanchbury, Jennifer Westbrook, Heather Deeley and Mary Millington (under her married name Mary Maxted). It is also known by the alternative title Adam and Nicole.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Eric Brady", "paragraph_text": "Their relationship moves quickly. But Serena is also in town for other motives. She has orders to retrieve a piece of artwork that Eric acquired when the two of them were in Africa, that contains smuggled diamonds. Eric's relationship with Serena is bothersome to Nicole and she tries and fails several times to break it up. Eric later breaks up with Serena after discovering that she slept with her boss, Xander Cook. Later, Eric and Nicole are locked in the basement of the news station by Xander. Facing death, Eric and Nicole share a tender moment, and they realize they still have feelings for each other. But Nicole is engaged to Daniel Jonas, and when Eric and Nicole escape the basement, Nicole breaks things off with Eric, leaving him devastated. In August 2015, Eric finds Serena strangled to death in the park (she is the first victim of the Necktie Killer). Eric begins to drink. In January 2016, while driving drunk, he causes a car accident injuring himself, Brady and Jennifer Horton and killing his best friend Daniel Jonas. In April 2016, Eric is sentenced to five years in prison for vehicular manslaughter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Natalie Horler", "paragraph_text": "Natalie Horler was born in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany to British parents who had moved to Germany in 1980. Her father, David Horler, is a jazz musician and her mother, Christine, is a foreign languages teacher. Horler grew up with her 2 siblings. Natalie soon began singing jazz songs in her father's studio as well as songs from Disney movies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Katarina Konstantinovi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Katarina Konstantinovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic; \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; 1848\u20131910) was a Serbian noblewoman and a descendant of the Obrenovi\u0107 dynasty as the daughter of Princess Anka Obrenovi\u0107. She was also the first cousin of King Milan I to whom she acted as his \"de facto\" first lady of the royal court after the Queen, Natalie Keshko, separated from him.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Nicole and Natalie", "paragraph_text": "Nicole and Natalie is the second studio album by the New York City-based duo Nina Sky. It was released on July 31, 2012. Three singles were released from the album: \"Day Dreaming\", \"Heartbeat\" and \"Comatose\". One of the most known songs from the album is the opening track \"Starting Today\". The song was recorded in 2007 for their unreleased album with the same name. On February 2, 2012, Nina Sky released the lead single from their upcoming second studio album, Nicole and Natalie. The single, entitled \"Day Dreaming\", was produced by Beau Vallis. The video for the song, directed by Adam Sauermilch, was released on February 28. On June 14, the band released \"Heartbeat\", the second single from the new album. A month later, on July 27, the video for \"Heartbeat\" was released. Concerning the video, the band stated: \"We knew we wanted it to be more about the feeling of the song and less about the story. The colors, environment, and everyone dancing in their own element creates this surreal feeling of freedom. It\u2019s just about listening to the rhythm inside you and letting that rhythm guide you.\" On July 31 the album was released. On June 9, 2012, Nina Sky also performed at OUT/LOUD Queer Women's Music Festival in Eugene, Oregon alongside artists such as Krudas Cubensi, Tender Forever and Andrea Gibson.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "The Nicole and Natalie album's band is named after who?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 471509, "question": "Nicole and Natalie >> performer", "answer": "Nina Sky", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 136043, "question": "What is #1 named after?", "answer": "Natalie Albino", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Natalie Albino", "answer_aliases": ["Nina Sky"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2008}
{"id": "2hop__87589_362941", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of heads of state of South Africa", "paragraph_text": "No State President (Birth -- Death) Portrait Tenure Elected Political affiliation (at time of appointment) Prime Minister Took office Left office Charles Robberts Swart (1894 -- 1982) 31 May 1961 1 June 1967 (resigned.) -- National Party Verwoerd Vorster -- Eben D\u00f6nges (1898 -- 1968) Elected but did not take office because of illness National Party -- Jozua Fran\u00e7ois Naud\u00e9 (1889 -- 1969) 1 June 1967 10 April 1968 -- National Party Vorster Jacobus Johannes Fouch\u00e9 (1898 -- 1980) 10 April 1968 9 April 1975 -- National Party Vorster -- Johannes de Klerk (1903 -- 1979) 9 April 1975 19 April 1975 -- National Party Vorster Nico Diederichs (1903 -- 1978) 19 April 1975 21 August 1978 (died in office.) -- National Party Vorster -- Marais Viljoen (1915 -- 2007) 21 August 1978 10 October 1978 -- National Party Vorster Botha B.J. Vorster (1915 -- 1983) 10 October 1978 4 June 1979 (resigned.) -- National Party Botha 5 Marais Viljoen (1915 -- 2007) 4 June 1979 19 June 1979 -- National Party Botha 19 June 1979 3 September 1984", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage", "paragraph_text": "The National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage was founded in London in December 1910 to oppose the extension of the voting franchise to women in the United Kingdom. It was formed as an amalgamation of the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League and the Men's League for Opposing Woman Suffrage. Its first president was Lord Cromer, and its executive committee consisted of seven men and seven women. In March 1912 Cromer was replaced by Lord Curzon and Lord Weardale as joint presidents. It continued the publication of the \"Anti-Suffrage Review\" produced originally by the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League. In 1912 the first Welsh branch opened in Bangor, following an upsurge in militant action in the country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Natalie Achonwa", "paragraph_text": "Natalie Achonwa (born November 22, 1992) is a Canadian professional basketball player for the Indiana Fever of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She played on the Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball team. Achonwa was born in Toronto, Ontario, started playing basketball in Guelph, Ontario, and is tall.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Marina Pettersson-Engstr\u00f6m", "paragraph_text": "Marina Pettersson-Engstr\u00f6m (born 21 September 1987) is a Swedish footballer. She played as a centre back for Damallsvenskan club KIF \u00d6rebro DFF and the Sweden women's national football team. After eleven seasons playing for KIF \u00d6rebro, she retired shortly after the conclusion of the 2015 season. Following the birth of her child she agreed a return to \u00d6rebro ahead of the 2017 season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Paulsdale", "paragraph_text": "Paulsdale, in Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey, was the birthplace and childhood home of Alice Paul, a major leader in the Women's suffrage movement in the United States. Paulsdale was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Birger Furug\u00e5rd", "paragraph_text": "Birger Furug\u00e5rd (8 December 1887 - 1961) was a Swedish politician and veterinarian. He hailed from Deje in V\u00e4rmland. During the 1920s Furug\u00e5rd became inspired by the advance of National Socialism in Germany. He made several trips to Germany, and met with Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Heinrich Himmler. In 1924 Furug\u00e5rd, together with his two brothers Gunnar and Sigurd, founded the Swedish National Socialist Freedom League. The following year the group was converted into the Swedish National Socialist Peasants and Workers Party. In 1930 Furug\u00e5rd's party merged with the National Socialist People's Party of Sweden and formed the New Swedish National Socialist Party. Furug\u00e5rd became \"Riksledare\" (National Leader) of the party. Soon, the party changed its name to Swedish National Socialist Party (SNSP).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "International Women's Day", "paragraph_text": "After the Socialist Party of America organised a Women's Day on February 28, 1909 in New York, the 1910 International Socialist Woman's Conference suggested a Women's Day be held annually. After women gained suffrage in Soviet Russia in 1917, March 8 became a national holiday there. The day was then predominantly celebrated by the socialist movement and communist countries until it was adopted in 1975 by the United Nations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Liberal Party of Australia", "paragraph_text": "Through 2010, the party improved its vote in the Tasmanian and South Australian state elections and achieved state government in Victoria. In March 2011, the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition led by Barry O'Farrell won government with the largest election victory in post-war Australian history at the State Election. In Queensland, the Liberal and National parties merged in 2008 to form the new Liberal National Party of Queensland (registered as the Queensland Division of the Liberal Party of Australia). In March 2012, the new party achieved Government in an historic landslide, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Combined oral contraceptive pill", "paragraph_text": "They were first approved for contraceptive use in the United States in 1960, and are a very popular form of birth control. They are currently used by more than 100 million women worldwide and by almost 12 million women in the United States. As of 2014, 15.6% of U.S. women aged 15\u201344 reported being on the birth control pill, making it the most widely used contraceptive method among women of that age range. Use varies widely by country, age, education, and marital status. One third of women aged 16\u201349 in the United Kingdom currently use either the combined pill or progestogen-only pill,", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Childbirth", "paragraph_text": "substantial degree of cervical effacement and more rapid cervical dilatation from 5 cm until full dilatation for first and subsequent labours. In the US, the definition of active labour was changed from 3 to 4 cm, to 5 cm of cervical dilation for multiparous women, mothers who had given birth previously, and at 6 cm for nulliparous women, those who had not given birth before. This was done in an effort to increase the rates of vaginal delivery.Health care providers may assess a labouring mother's progress in labour by performing a cervical exam to evaluate the cervical dilation, effacement, and station. These factors form the Bishop score. The Bishop score can also be used as a means to predict the success of an induction of labour.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Mexican passport", "paragraph_text": "1. Personally attend to any Secretar\u00eda de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) delegation or SRE affiliated office, with an appointment. 2. Fill with black ink, and by hand and in print the application for an ordinary passport book (Form OP - 5). The application can be obtained for free at any of the branches of the SRE or the Office of State or Municipal Liaison SRE. 3. Proof of Mexican nationality by presenting an original and a photocopy of any of the following documents: a) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by the Mexican civil registry office. Birth registration should not be time - barred (must have occurred within the first three years of life), if exceeded temporality, see section ``Additional Documentation for birth certificates with untimely registration ''; b) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by a consular office abroad *. c) Certificate * Copy of Mexican nationality; d) Declaration of Mexican nationality by birth *; e) Naturalization Certificate *, and f) Certificate of Citizenship Identity issued by the Secretary of the Interior", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "National Woman's Party", "paragraph_text": "The National Woman's Party, like the Congressional Union, was under the leadership of Alice Paul, who learned from militant suffragettes in Britain who used a variety of tactics to gain publicity for the cause of suffrage. Paul's strategy was to use publicity to hold the party in power, the Democratic Party and President Woodrow Wilson, responsible for the status of woman suffrage. Starting in January 1917, NWP members known as Silent Sentinels continued their quest for equality by protesting outside the White House.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Hilda Crosby Standish", "paragraph_text": "Hilda Crosby Standish (1902 \u2013 June 1, 2005) was a pioneer in the birth control movement in the state of Connecticut. In 1935, she became medical director of the Maternal Health Center in Hartford, the state's first birth control clinic. Dr. Standish was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Pharmaceutical industry", "paragraph_text": "Prior to the second world war, birth control was prohibited in many countries, and in the United States even the discussion of contraceptive methods sometimes led to prosecution under Comstock laws. The history of the development of oral contraceptives is thus closely tied to the birth control movement and the efforts of activists Margaret Sanger, Mary Dennett, and Emma Goldman. Based on fundamental research performed by Gregory Pincus and synthetic methods for progesterone developed by Carl Djerassi at Syntex and by Frank Colton at G.D. Searle & Co., the first oral contraceptive, Enovid, was developed by E.D. Searle and Co. and approved by the FDA in 1960. The original formulation incorporated vastly excessive doses of hormones, and caused severe side effects. Nonetheless, by 1962, 1.2 million American women were on the pill, and by 1965 the number had increased to 6.5 million. The availability of a convenient form of temporary contraceptive led to dramatic changes in social mores including expanding the range of lifestyle options available to women, reducing the reliance of women on men for contraceptive practice, encouraging the delay of marriage, and increasing pre-marital co-habitation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Gabriel Paletta", "paragraph_text": "Born in Argentina to parents of Italian descent, Paletta represented his birth nation at the under-20 level, participating in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship in the Netherlands. He started all seven matches as Argentina won the title. In 2014, Paletta was called up to the Italy national team and made his debut in a friendly against Spain. He represented Italy at the FIFA World Cup later that year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Silent Sentinels", "paragraph_text": "The Silent Sentinels were a group of women in favor of women's suffrage organized by Alice Paul and the National Woman's Party. They protested in front of the White House during Woodrow Wilson's presidency starting on January 10, 1917. The Silent Sentinels started to protest after a meeting with the president on January 9, 1917, during which he told the women to ``concert public opinion on behalf of women's suffrage. ''The women protested for six days a week until June 4, 1919 when the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed both by the House of Representatives and the Senate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Know Nothing", "paragraph_text": "The Native American Party, renamed the American Party in 1855 and commonly known as the Know Nothing movement, was an American nativist political party that operated nationally in the mid-1850s. It was primarily anti-Catholic, xenophobic, and hostile to immigration, starting originally as a secret society. The movement briefly emerged as a major political party in the form of the American Party. Adherents to the movement were to reply ``I know nothing ''when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its common name.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Hyderabad", "paragraph_text": "In the 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's total fertility rate is 1.8,:47 which is below the replacement rate. Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic vaccines (BCG, measles and full courses of polio and DPT), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except Meerut.:98 The infant mortality rate was 35 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five was 41 per 1,000 live births.:97 The survey also reported that a third of women and a quarter of men are overweight or obese, 49% of children below 5 years are anaemic, and up to 20% of children are underweight,:44, 55\u201356 while more than 2% of women and 3% of men suffer from diabetes.:57", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Guinea-Bissau", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50% of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the 7th highest maternal mortality rate in the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Mary Birdsall", "paragraph_text": "Mary B. Thistlethwaite Birdsall (1828\u20131894) was born in Pennsylvania to English immigrants. She grew up on a farm near Richmond, Indiana, where she married Thomas Birdsall in 1848. They had three sons together. She was a journalist, a suffragist, and a temperance worker. She began her journalism career as the woman's editor at the \"Indiana Farmer\" newspaper. For about five years she owned \"The Lily\", a newspaper for women, which she purchased from suffragist Amelia Bloomer in 1854. She helped organize the second women's rights convention in Indiana. At that Indiana Convention in 1852, she was elected to be secretary for the newly formed Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association (IWSA), eventually becoming president of the organization. Birdsall was a vice-president at the fourth National Women's Rights Convention in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1853. She was among the first three women to address the Indiana legislature to present the 1859 Women's Rights Petition, speaking for a half-hour in support of women's suffrage. Her Richmond home is a model of progressive architecture as espoused by Catherine Beecher, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Birdsall died in Philadelphia in 1894 and was interred at Earlham Cemetery in Richmond.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where was the founder of the National Women's Party born?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 87589, "question": "who formed and started the national womens party", "answer": "Alice Paul", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 362941, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Mount Laurel Township", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "Mount Laurel Township", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2832}
{"id": "2hop__61318_362941", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Equal Rights Amendment", "paragraph_text": "Alice Paul, the head of the National Women's Party, believed that the Nineteenth Amendment would not be enough to ensure that men and women were treated equally regardless of sex. In 1923, she revised the proposed amendment to read:", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The Twenty - second Amendment (Amendment XXII) to the United States Constitution sets a limit on the number of times a person is eligible for election to the office of President of the United States, and also sets additional eligibility conditions for presidents who succeed to the unexpired terms of their predecessors. Congress approved the amendment on March 24, 1947, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification. That process was completed on February 27, 1951, after the amendment had been ratified by the requisite 36 of the then - 48 states (as neither Alaska nor Hawaii had yet been admitted as states), and its provisions came into force on that date.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Article Five of the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation's frame of government, may be altered. Altering the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments and subsequent ratification. Amendments may be proposed either by the Congress with a two - thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a convention of states called for by two - thirds of the state legislatures. To become part of the Constitution, an amendment must be ratified by either -- as determined by Congress -- the legislatures of three - quarters of the states or state ratifying conventions in three - quarters of the states. The vote of each state (to either ratify or reject a proposed amendment) carries equal weight, regardless of a state's population or length of time in the Union.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Fundamental rights in India", "paragraph_text": "Fundamental Rights are the basic rights of the people and inalienable rights of the people who enjoys it the charter of rights contained in Part III (Article 12 to 35) of Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. These include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before law freedom of speech and expression, religious and cultural freedom and peaceful assembly, freedom to practice religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights by means of writs such as habeas corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto. Violation of these rights result in punishments as prescribed in the Indian Penal Code or other special laws, subject to discretion of the judiciary. The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedoms that every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious development of personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste or gender. Though the rights conferred by the constitution other than fundamental rights are equally valid and their enforcement in case of violation shall be secured from the judiciary in a time consuming legal process. However, in case of fundamental rights violation, Supreme court of India can be approached directly for ultimate justice per Article 32. The Rights have their origins in many sources, including England's Bill of Rights, the United States Bill of Rights and France's Declaration of the Rights of Man.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "United States Bill of Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Bill of Rights in the United States is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787 -- 88 debate over ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215). In practice, the amendments had little impact on judgments by the courts for the first 150 years after ratification.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The Nineteenth Amendment was originally introduced in Congress in 1878 by Senator Aaron A. Sargent. Forty - one years later, in 1919, Congress submitted it to the states for ratification. It was ratified by three - fourths of the states a year later, with Tennessee's ratification being the last needed to add the amendment to the Constitution. In Leser v. Garnett (1922), the Supreme Court rejected claims that the amendment was unconstitutionally adopted.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "History of the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The drafted Constitution was submitted to the Confederation Congress. It in turn forwarded the Constitution as drafted to the states for ratification by the Constitutional method proposed. The Federalist Papers provided background and justification for the Constitution. Some states agreed to ratify the Constitution only if the amendments that were to become the Bill of Rights would be taken up immediately by the new government, and they were duly proposed in the first session of the First Congress.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Constitution of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Since the Constitution came into force in 1789, it has been amended 27 times, including an amendment to repeal a previous one, in order to meet the changing needs of a nation that has profoundly changed since the eighteenth century. In general, the first ten amendments, known collectively as the Bill of Rights, offer specific protections of individual liberty and justice and place restrictions on the powers of government. The majority of the seventeen later amendments expand individual civil rights protections. Others address issues related to federal authority or modify government processes and procedures. Amendments to the United States Constitution, unlike ones made to many constitutions worldwide, are appended to the document. All four pages of the original U.S. Constitution are written on parchment.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Fundamental rights in India", "paragraph_text": "Fundamental Rights are the basic rights of the common people and inalienable rights of the people who enjoy it under the charter of rights contained in Part III (Article 12 to 35) of Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. These include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before law, freedom of speech and expression, religious and cultural freedom and peaceful assembly, freedom to practice religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights by means of writs such as habeas corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto. Violation of these rights result in punishments as prescribed in the Indian Penal Code or other special laws, subject to discretion of the judiciary. The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedoms that every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious development of personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste or gender. Though the rights conferred by the constitution other than fundamental rights are equally valid and their enforcement in case of violation shall be secured from the judiciary in a time consuming legal process. However, in case of fundamental rights violation, the Supreme Court of India can be approached directly for ultimate justice per Article 32. The Rights have their origins in many sources, including England's Bill of Rights, the United States Bill of Rights and France's Declaration of the Rights of Man.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "On March 23, 1971, a proposal to lower the voting age to 18 years was adopted by both houses of Congress and sent to the states for ratification. The amendment became part of the Constitution on July 1, 1971, three months and eight days after the amendment was submitted to the states for ratification, making this amendment the quickest to be ratified.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The Twenty - third Amendment (Amendment XXIII) to the United States Constitution extends the right to vote in the presidential election to citizens residing in the District of Columbia by granting the District electors in the Electoral College, as if it was a state. The amendment was proposed by the 86th Congress on June 16, 1960. Ratification by the requisite 38 of the 50 states was completed on March 29, 1961.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "United States Bill of Rights", "paragraph_text": "On June 8, 1789, Representative James Madison introduced nine amendments to the Constitution in the House of Representatives. Among his recommendations Madison proposed opening up the Constitution and inserting specific rights limiting the power of Congress in Article One, Section 9. Seven of these limitations would become part of the ten ratified Bill of Rights amendments. Ultimately, on September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution, each consisting of one one - sentence paragraph, and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison's original proposal that the articles be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution, they were proposed as supplemental additions (codicils) to it. Articles Three through Twelve were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. Article Two became part of the Constitution on May 5, 1992, as the Twenty - seventh Amendment. Article One is technically still pending before the states.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791, as part of the first ten amendments contained in the Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled that the right belongs to individuals for self defense. while also ruling that the right is not unlimited and does not prohibit all regulation of either firearms or similar devices. State and local governments are limited to the same extent as the federal government from infringing this right, per the incorporation of the Bill of Rights.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "51st state", "paragraph_text": "This position was carried by the D.C. Statehood Party, a political party; it has since merged with the local Green Party affiliate to form the D.C. Statehood Green Party. The nearest this movement ever came to success was in 1978, when Congress passed the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment. Two years later in 1980, local citizens passed an initiative calling for a constitutional convention for a new state. In 1982, voters ratified the constitution of the state, which was to be called New Columbia. The drive for statehood stalled in 1985, however, when the Washington, D.C. Voting Rights Amendment failed because not enough states ratified the amendment within the seven-year span specified.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Second Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791, as part of the first ten amendments contained in the Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled that the right belongs to individuals, while also ruling that the right is not unlimited and does not prohibit all regulation of either firearms or similar devices. State and local governments are limited to the same extent as the federal government from infringing this right, per the incorporation of the Bill of Rights.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Pledge of Allegiance", "paragraph_text": "In 1923, the National Flag Conference called for the words ``my Flag ''to be changed to`` the Flag of the United States,'' so that new immigrants would not confuse loyalties between their birth countries and the US. The words ``of America ''were added a year later. Congress officially recognized the Pledge for the first time, in the following form, on June 22, 1942:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "APA Ethics Code", "paragraph_text": "The first version was published by the APA in 1953. The need for such a document came after psychologists were taking on more professional and public roles post-World War II. A committee was developed and reviewed situations submitted by psychologists in the field who felt they had encountered ethical dilemmas. The committee organized these situations into themes and included them in the first document which was 170 pages in length. Over the years, a distinction was made between aspirational principles and enforceable standards. Since, there have been nine revisions with the most recent published in 2002 and amended in 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, prohibiting the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, or to petition for a governmental redress of grievances. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as one of the ten amendments that constitute the Bill of Rights.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Paulsdale", "paragraph_text": "Paulsdale, in Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey, was the birthplace and childhood home of Alice Paul, a major leader in the Women's suffrage movement in the United States. Paulsdale was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Fundamental rights in India", "paragraph_text": "``Fundamental Rights ''are the basic rights of the common people and inalienable rights of the people who enjoy it under the charter of rights contained in Part III (Article 12 to 35) of Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. These include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before law freedom of speech and expression, religious and cultural freedom and peaceful assembly, freedom to practice religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights by means of writs such as habeas corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto. Violation of these rights result in punishments as prescribed in the Indian Penal Code or other special laws, subject to discretion of the judiciary. The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedoms that every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious development of personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste or gender. Though the rights conferred by the constitution other than fundamental rights are equally valid and their enforcement in case of violation shall be secured from the judiciary in a time consuming legal process. However, in case of fundamental rights violation, Supreme court of India can be approached directly for ultimate justice per Article 32. The Rights have their origins in many sources, including England's Bill of Rights, the United States Bill of Rights and France's Declaration of the Rights of Man.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the place of birth of the person who submitted the first version of the equal rights amendment to congress in 1923?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 61318, "question": "who submitted the first version of the equal rights amendment to congress in 1923", "answer": "Alice Paul", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 362941, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Mount Laurel Township", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "Mount Laurel Township", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2802}
{"id": "2hop__20268_42004", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ten-code", "paragraph_text": "The codes, developed in 1937 and expanded in 1974 by the Association of Public - Safety Communications Officials - International (APCO), allow brevity and standardization of message traffic. They have historically been widely used by law enforcement officers in North America, but, due to the lack of standardization, in 2006 the U.S. federal government recommended they be discontinued in favor of everyday language.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "High-definition television", "paragraph_text": "The first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert. Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official launch of the HD1 channel, and the official start of direct-to-home HDTV in Europe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Official Languages Act (Canada)", "paragraph_text": "The Official Languages Act (French: Loi sur les langues officielles) is a Canadian law that came into force on September 9, 1969, which gives French and English equal status in the government of Canada. This makes them ``official ''languages, having preferred status in law over all other languages. Although the Official Languages Act is not the only piece of federal language law, it is the legislative keystone of Canada's official bilingualism. It was substantially amended in 1988. Both languages are equal in Canada's government and in all the services it controls, such as the courts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Flag Protection Act", "paragraph_text": "Reacting to protests during the Vietnam War era, the United States 90th Congress enacted Public Law 90-381 (82 Stat. 291), later codified as 18 U.S.C. 700, et. seq., and better known as the Flag Protection Act of 1968. It was an expansion to nationwide applicability of a 1947 law previously restricted only to the District of Columbia (\"See\" 61 Stat. 642).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of mayors of Willoughby", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Anti-miscegenation laws were a part of American law in some States since before the United States was established and remained so until ruled unconstitutional in 1967 by the U.S. Supreme Court in Loving v. Virginia. The term miscegenation was first used in 1863, during the American Civil War, by American journalists to discredit the abolitionist movement by stirring up debate over the prospect of interracial marriage after the abolition of slavery. In those of the original Thirteen Colonies that became states and enacted such laws, they were enacted as state law in the early 18th century; a century or more after the complete racialization of slavery.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "French Directory", "paragraph_text": "The Directory was a five - member committee which governed France from 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety. On 9 November 1799, it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the French Consulate. It gave its name to the final four years of the French Revolution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Spanish language in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, especially at the management level. Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents, in Spanish and English, and other commonly used languages. By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Federal Assault Weapons Ban", "paragraph_text": "The ten - year ban was passed by the U.S. Congress on September 13, 1994, following a close 52 -- 48 vote in the Senate, and signed into law by then President Bill Clinton the same day. The ban only applied to weapons manufactured after the date of the ban's enactment, and it expired on September 13, 2004, in accordance with its sunset provision.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Cannabis in Maryland", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S. state of Maryland, the recreational use of marijuana (cannabis) is illegal. However, since 2014, the possession of 10 grams or less of marijuana has been decriminalized. In 2012, a state law was enacted to establish a state - regulated medical marijuana program. The program became operational on December 1, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Isidro Fabela", "paragraph_text": "Isidro Fabela received his Law degree from the National School of Law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico () (UNAM) in 1908. Fabela returned to teach at UNAM in 1921, at his alma mater the National Law School, teaching International Public Law. Prior to teaching at UNAM, Fabela was a professor of history at the National Institute in Chihuahua between 1911 and 1913, and a professor at the Literary Institute of Mexico from 1912 to 1913.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: On May 1, 2010, after being signed into law by Governor Jennifer Granholm on December 18, 2009, the Dr. Ron Davis Law took effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed, indoor workplaces in Michigan, as well as the outdoor patios of bars and restaurants. The law exempts only cigar bars, retail tobacco stores, private home offices, company vehicles including commercial trucks, and Detroit's three casinos' gambling floors. The law is silent as to whether local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state, though it prohibits state or local health departments from enacting any smoking rules different than the law.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Law of the United States", "paragraph_text": "During the 18th and 19th centuries, federal law traditionally focused on areas where there was an express grant of power to the federal government in the federal Constitution, like the military, money, foreign relations (especially international treaties), tariffs, intellectual property (specifically patents and copyrights), and mail. Since the start of the 20th century, broad interpretations of the Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution have enabled federal law to expand into areas like aviation, telecommunications, railroads, pharmaceuticals, antitrust, and trademarks. In some areas, like aviation and railroads, the federal government has developed a comprehensive scheme that preempts virtually all state law, while in others, like family law, a relatively small number of federal statutes (generally covering interstate and international situations) interacts with a much larger body of state law. In areas like antitrust, trademark, and employment law, there are powerful laws at both the federal and state levels that coexist with each other. In a handful of areas like insurance, Congress has enacted laws expressly refusing to regulate them as long as the states have laws regulating them (see, e.g., the McCarran-Ferguson Act).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Scottish Parliament", "paragraph_text": "Since September 2004, the official home of the Scottish Parliament has been a new Scottish Parliament Building, in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh. The Scottish Parliament building was designed by Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture firm RMJM which was led by Design Principal Tony Kettle. Some of the principal features of the complex include leaf-shaped buildings, a grass-roofed branch merging into adjacent parkland and gabion walls formed from the stones of previous buildings. Throughout the building there are many repeated motifs, such as shapes based on Raeburn's Skating Minister. Crow-stepped gables and the upturned boat skylights of the Garden Lobby, complete the unique architecture. Queen Elizabeth II opened the new building on 9 October 2004.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Federal Assault Weapons Ban", "paragraph_text": "The 10 - year ban was passed by the US Congress on September 13, 1994, following a close 52 -- 48 vote in the US Senate, and was signed into law by US President Bill Clinton on the same day. The ban applied only to weapons manufactured after the date of the ban's enactment. It expired on September 13, 2004, in accordance with its sunset provision.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy", "paragraph_text": "The Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy (JLPP) is a law review published by students at Cornell Law School, First published in July 1992, \"JLPP\" publishes articles, commentaries, book reviews, and student notes that explore the intersections of law, government, public policy, and the social sciences, with a focus on current domestic issues and their implications.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Sipag Pinoy", "paragraph_text": "The Sipag Pinoy is a publication of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) of the national government of the Philippines. Its office is located in Intramuros, Manila. It contains news and articles on industrial relations, officials and employees, labor laws and legislation, and other issues and trends in the labor sector in the Philippines.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Federal Assault Weapons Ban", "paragraph_text": "The Public Safety and Recreational Firearms Act was enacted as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. The prohibitions expired on September 13, 2004.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Plymouth Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Plymouth Township is a township with home rule status in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Although it retains the word \"Township\" in its official name, it has been governed by a home rule charter since 1976 and is no longer subject to the Pennsylvania Township Code. The population was 16,525 at the 2010 census. It is serviced by the Colonial School District and is home to the Plymouth Meeting Mall. It also serves as the home of the Mid-County Interchange between the Pennsylvania Turnpike and the Blue Route.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "The Directory of Public Worship was approved by a parliament whose modern equivalent has been based where since 2004?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 20268, "question": "Which government enacted the Directory of Public Worship teachings into law?", "answer": "Scottish Parliament", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}, {"id": 42004, "question": "Where has the official home of #1 been since 2004?", "answer": "Scottish Parliament Building", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Scottish Parliament Building", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2057}
{"id": "2hop__159902_362941", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Coins of the Australian dollar", "paragraph_text": "``Gold ''one - dollar and two - dollar coins were introduced in the 1980s. The one - dollar coin was introduced in 1984, to replace the banknote of the same value. The two - dollar coin, also replacing a banknote, was introduced in 1988. These have content of 2% nickel, 6% aluminium and 92% copper. Thus, all Australian coins in use currently are composed of more than half copper. The two - dollar coin is smaller in diameter than the one - dollar coin, but the two - dollar is slightly thicker.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Chester Alan Arthur II", "paragraph_text": "Chester Alan Arthur II, also known as Alan Arthur, (July 25, 1864\u00a0\u2013 July 18, 1937) was a son of President Chester A. Arthur. He studied at Princeton University and Columbia University's Law School. After completing his studies, Arthur traveled throughout Europe for 10 years. In 1900 he married in Switzerland and moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado to improve his health.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chester Stiles", "paragraph_text": "Chester \"Chet\" Arthur Stiles (born September 14, 1970 in Louisville, Kentucky) is an American criminal who gained notoriety after he appeared in video clips of himself raping and sexually abusing a girl who was three years old at the time. The video was made in 2003 but surfaced in the Nevada desert in 2007. Based in Pahrump, Nevada, both the FBI and the Las Vegas Police launched a nationwide manhunt which led to his capture. He was caught and appeared in court on October 17, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Immigration Act of 1882", "paragraph_text": "The Immigration Act of 1882 was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on August 3, 1882. It imposed a head tax on noncitizens of the United States who came to American ports and restricted certain classes of people from immigrating to America, including criminals, the insane, or ``any person unable to take care of him or herself. ''The act created what is recognized as the first federal immigration bureaucracy and laid the foundation for more regulations on immigration, such as the Immigration Act of 1891.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Chester, New Hampshire", "paragraph_text": "Chester is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,768 at the 2010 census. It was home to the now defunct Chester College (formerly White Pines College).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "United States dollar", "paragraph_text": "The United States Mint produces Proof Sets specifically for collectors and speculators. Silver Proofs tend to be the standard designs but with the dime, quarter, and half dollar containing 90% silver. Starting in 1983 and ending in 1997, the Mint also produced proof sets containing the year's commemorative coins alongside the regular coins. Another type of proof set is the Presidential Dollar Proof Set where four special $1 coins are minted each year featuring a president. Because of budget constraints and increasing stockpiles of these relatively unpopular coins, the production of new Presidential dollar coins for circulation was suspended on December 13, 2011, by U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner. Future minting of such coins will be made solely for collectors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Two pounds (British coin)", "paragraph_text": "The coin was introduced on 15 June 1998 (coins minted 1997) after a review of the United Kingdom's coinage decided that a general - circulation \u00a32 coin was needed. The new Bi-metallic coin design replaced a series of commemorative, uni-metallic coins which were issued between 1986 and 1996 to celebrate special occasions. Although legal tender, these coins have never been common in everyday circulation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Popcorn (Luiz Henrique and Walter Wanderley album)", "paragraph_text": "Popcorn is a 1967 jazz album by vocalist Luiz Henrique and organist Walter Wanderley with band on Verve Records. The album features Luiz Henrique, guitar and vocals, Walter Wanderley, organ; Sivuca, accordion; Romeo Penque, flute, Affonso de Paula, percussion, with James Kappes, Gary Chester, or Donald MacDonald on drums.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "One pound (British coin)", "paragraph_text": "Since 28 March 2017, two versions of the one pound coin have been in circulation -- the original round design and a new dodecagonal (12 - sided) design. As of March 2014 there were an estimated 1,553 million round \u00a31 coins in circulation, of which the Royal Mint estimated in 2014 that 3.04% (i.e. about 47 million) were counterfeit. In an effort to counter this, the Royal Mint introduced the new 12 - sided coin, which is bimetallic like the current \u00a32 coin, and features an undisclosed hidden security feature called 'iSIS' (Integrated Secure Identification Systems). The round pound will remain in circulation until 15 October 2017. After that date, the older coin can only be redeemed at banks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "United States dollar", "paragraph_text": "Technically, all these coins are still legal tender at face value, though some are far more valuable today for their numismatic value, and for gold and silver coins, their precious metal value. From 1965 to 1970 the Kennedy half dollar was the only circulating coin with any silver content, which was removed in 1971 and replaced with cupronickel. However, since 1992, the U.S. Mint has produced special Silver Proof Sets in addition to the regular yearly proof sets with silver dimes, quarters, and half dollars in place of the standard copper-nickel versions. In addition, an experimental $4.00 (Stella) coin was also minted in 1879, but never placed into circulation, and is properly considered to be a pattern rather than an actual coin denomination.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Chester, Idaho", "paragraph_text": "Chester is an unincorporated community in Fremont County, Idaho, United States. Chester is located on U.S. Route 20 northeast of St. Anthony. Chester has a post office with ZIP code 83421.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "One pound (British coin)", "paragraph_text": "The British one pound (\u00a31) coin is a denomination of the pound sterling. Its obverse bears the Latin engraving DG REG ``Dei Gratia Regina ''meaning,`` By the grace of God, Queen'' and FD meaning Fidei defensor, Defender of the Faith. It has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction on 21 April 1983. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used, with the latest design by Jody Clark being introduced in 2015. The design on the reverse side of the new 2017 coin features four emblems to represent each of the nations of the United Kingdom -- the English rose, the leek for Wales, the Scottish thistle, and the shamrock for Northern Ireland -- emerging from a single stem within a crown.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Focus (Chico Freeman album)", "paragraph_text": "Focus is an album by American jazz saxophonist Chico Freeman featuring Arthur Blythe recorded in 1994 and released on the Contemporary label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Five pounds (British coin)", "paragraph_text": "The British five pound (\u00a35) coin is a commemorative denomination of the pound sterling. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction in 1990. Two different portraits of the Queen have graced the coin, with the latest design by Ian Rank - Broadley being introduced in 1998. The coin has no standard reverse; instead it is altered each year to commemorate important events. Variant obverses have also been used on occasion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "List of First Ladies of the United States", "paragraph_text": "In 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the First Ladies on the obverse. When a President served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that President's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's First Ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's First Lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Enon, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Enon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States, just east of Chester. The population as of the 2010 Census was 3,466. It has the zip code 23836 and GPS coordinates 37.3504000, \u221277.3254000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "United States dollar", "paragraph_text": "Dollar coins have not been very popular in the United States. Silver dollars were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Gold dollars were also minted in the 19th century. The Susan B. Anthony dollar coin was introduced in 1979; these proved to be unpopular because they were often mistaken for quarters, due to their nearly equal size, their milled edge, and their similar color. Minting of these dollars for circulation was suspended in 1980 (collectors' pieces were struck in 1981), but, as with all past U.S. coins, they remain legal tender. As the number of Anthony dollars held by the Federal Reserve and dispensed primarily to make change in postal and transit vending machines had been virtually exhausted, additional Anthony dollars were struck in 1999. In 2000, a new $1 coin, featuring Sacagawea, (the Sacagawea dollar) was introduced, which corrected some of the problems of the Anthony dollar by having a smooth edge and a gold color, without requiring changes to vending machines that accept the Anthony dollar. However, this new coin has failed to achieve the popularity of the still-existing $1 bill and is rarely used in daily transactions. The failure to simultaneously withdraw the dollar bill and weak publicity efforts have been cited by coin proponents as primary reasons for the failure of the dollar coin to gain popular support.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Five pence (British coin)", "paragraph_text": "The British decimal five pence (5p) coin -- often pronounced five pee -- is a unit of currency equaling five one - hundredths of a pound sterling. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction on 23rd April 1968, replacing the shilling in preparation for decimalisation in 1971. A smaller version of the coin was introduced in June 1990 with the older coins being withdrawn on 31st December 1990. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used, with the latest design by Jody Clark being introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse, featuring a segment of the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The Valley of Fear (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Fear is a British silent adventure film of 1916 directed by Alexander Butler and starring Harry Arthur Saintsbury, Daisy Burrell and Booth Conway. The film is an adaptation of \"The Valley of Fear\", a novel by Arthur Conan Doyle published in 1915 and featuring Sherlock Holmes. This is now considered a lost film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Paulsdale", "paragraph_text": "Paulsdale, in Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey, was the birthplace and childhood home of Alice Paul, a major leader in the Women's suffrage movement in the United States. Paulsdale was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Where was the person featured on the Chester Arthur coin born?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 159902, "question": "Who does the Chester arthur coin feature?", "answer": "Alice Paul", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 362941, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Mount Laurel Township", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "Mount Laurel Township", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2163}
{"id": "2hop__42027_42004", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Deebing Heights, Queensland", "paragraph_text": "Deebing Heights is a semi-rural suburb (SRS) located in Queensland, Australia. The area that is now Deebing Heights has been an important settlement since Queensland's early colonial history, but was only gazetted as a locality in 2000 and then a suburb in 2004, previously being part of Purga. It is home of the heritage listed Deebing Creek Mission Aboriginal Reserve located at the southern end of Grampian Drive which acted as a home to the Ugarapul/yuggera tribe until its closing in 1915. Development was slow to begin in Deebing Heights with Paradise Heights, a premium acreage estate only beginning development in the mid-1990s. However, with development planned over the entire suburb, it has a projected population of 25,000 people by 2020.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Iran", "paragraph_text": "Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and the Sunni branch of Islam are officially recognized by the government, and have reserved seats in the Iranian Parliament. But the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, which is said to be the largest non-Muslim religious minority in Iran, is not officially recognized, and has been persecuted during its existence in Iran since the 19th century. Since the 1979 Revolution, the persecution of Bahais has increased with executions, the denial of civil rights and liberties, and the denial of access to higher education and employment.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Borisov Arena", "paragraph_text": "Borisov Arena is a football-specific stadium in Barysaw, Belarus and is the home stadium of FC BATE Borisov and the Belarus national football team. The stadium's official capacity is 13,126.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Scottish Parliament", "paragraph_text": "Since September 2004, the official home of the Scottish Parliament has been a new Scottish Parliament Building, in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh. The Scottish Parliament building was designed by Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture firm RMJM which was led by Design Principal Tony Kettle. Some of the principal features of the complex include leaf-shaped buildings, a grass-roofed branch merging into adjacent parkland and gabion walls formed from the stones of previous buildings. Throughout the building there are many repeated motifs, such as shapes based on Raeburn's Skating Minister. Crow-stepped gables and the upturned boat skylights of the Garden Lobby, complete the unique architecture. Queen Elizabeth II opened the new building on 9 October 2004.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Scottish Parliament", "paragraph_text": "Following a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature. The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament \u2013 the areas in which it can make laws \u2013 by explicitly specifying powers that are \"reserved\" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster. The British Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament, and can extend or reduce the areas in which it can make laws. The first meeting of the new Parliament took place on 12 May 1999.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pelican Rapids, Manitoba", "paragraph_text": "Pelican Rapids is a community in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The Shoal River 65A Indian Reserve is adjacent to the community and is home to some members of the Sapotaweyak Cree Nation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Oakwell", "paragraph_text": "Oakwell is a multi-purpose sports development in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England used primarily by Barnsley Football Club for playing their home fixtures, and those of their reserves.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Scottish Parliament", "paragraph_text": "The specific devolved matters are all subjects which are not explicitly stated in Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament. Most importantly, this includes agriculture, fisheries and forestry, economic development, education, environment, food standards, health, home affairs, Scots law \u2013 courts, police and fire services, local government, sport and the arts, transport, training, tourism, research and statistics and social work. The Scottish Parliament has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland by up to 3 pence in the pound. The 2012 Act conferred further fiscal devolution including borrowing powers and some other unconnected matters such as setting speed limits and control of air guns.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Official game (baseball)", "paragraph_text": "Since most professional baseball games are nine innings long, the fifth inning is used as the threshold for an official game. If the visiting team is leading, or the game is tied, the end of the fifth inning marks this point. If the home team (which bats last) is already ahead in the score, and theoretically would not need its half of the fifth inning, then 41\u20442 innings (i.e., the middle of the fifth) is considered an official game. The game is also considered official if the home team scores to take the lead in the bottom of the fifth inning, since the game would end immediately if the same thing happened in the ninth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Languages of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Many languages are spoken, or historically have been spoken, in the United States. Today over 500 languages are used by the U.S. population. The most commonly used language is English (specifically, American English), which is the de facto national language of the United States. Since the 1965 Immigration Act, Spanish is the second most common language in the country. The United States does not have an official language, but some state governments recognize specific languages. For instance, the state government of Louisiana offers services and documents in French, as does New Mexico in Spanish. There are many languages indigenous to North America or to U.S. states or holdings in the Pacific region. Hawaiian, although having few native speakers, is an official language along with English of the state of Hawaii. Alaska officializes English and twenty native languages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Kadalundi", "paragraph_text": "Kadalundi is a village in Kozhikode district, Kerala, India. It is a coastal village close to the Arabian Sea. Kadalundi is famous for its bird sanctuary, which is home to various migratory birds during certain seasons and has been recently declared as a bio-reserve. It is the first community reserve in Kerala.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Tanzania", "paragraph_text": "In testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP as playing a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices traded off the regulated futures exchanges in London and New York. However, the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) had been regulated by both European and U.S. authorities since its purchase of the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001. Mr Greenberger was later corrected on this matter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "On 5 January 2010, the Lord President of the Council and Business Secretary Lord Mandelson announced that an extra bank holiday would take place on 5 June 2012. Moving the Spring Bank Holiday (the last Monday in May) to 4 June resulted in a four - day holiday in honour of the Diamond Jubilee. As national holidays are a devolved matter, Scotland's first minister confirmed that the bank holiday would be held on 5 June in Scotland. Some economists later theorised that the holiday could reduce the country's gross domestic product by 0.5% in the second quarter of the year, though this would be partially offset by increased sales for the hospitality and merchandise sectors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Tahltan, British Columbia", "paragraph_text": "Tahltan, or Goon-da-chagga or Goon-tdar-shaga (\"where the spring water stops\" in the Tahltan language,) is an unincorporated locality and Indian Reserve community of the Tahltan people located west of Telegraph Creek in northern British Columbia, Canada, near the confluence of the Stikine and Tahltan Rivers. The local First Nations government is the Tahltan Band Council. The specific name of the Indian Reserve is Tahltan Indian Reserve No. 1. Other reserves in the immediate vicinity, also governed by this band, are Tahltan Forks Indian Reserve No. 5, Upper Tahltan Indian Reserve No. 4 and Hiusta's Meadow Indian Reserve No. 2.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Stade Am\u00e9d\u00e9e-Domenech", "paragraph_text": "The Stade Am\u00e9d\u00e9e-Domenech is a multi-purpose stadium in Brive-la-Gaillarde, France. It is currently used mostly for rugby union matches and is the home stadium of CA Brive. The stadium is able to hold 16,000. Its official name was the Stadium until 2004, but it was called Stade Amedee-Domenech after the French international rugby player Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Domenech died in 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Quantitative easing", "paragraph_text": "The US Federal Reserve belatedly implemented policies similar to the current quantitative easing during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Specifically, banks' excess reserves exceeded 6 percent in 1940, whereas they vanished during the entire postwar period until 2008. Despite this fact, many commentators called the scope of the Federal Reserve quantitative easing program after the 2008 crisis ``unprecedented ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Tam\u00e1stslikt Cultural Institute", "paragraph_text": "The Tam\u00e1stslikt Cultural Institute is a museum and research institute located on the Umatilla Indian Reservation near Pendleton in eastern Oregon. It is the only Native American museum along the Oregon Trail. The institute is dedicated to the culture of the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla tribes of Native Americans. The main permanent exhibition of the museum provides a history of the culture of three tribes, and of the reservation itself. The museum also has a second hall for temporary exhibitions of specific types of Native American art, craftwork, history, and folklore related to the tribes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake", "paragraph_text": "Initially, officials were unable to contact the Wolong National Nature Reserve, home to around 280 giant pandas. However, the Foreign Ministry later said that a group of 31 British tourists visiting the Wolong Panda Reserve in the quake-hit area returned safe and uninjured to Chengdu. Nonetheless, the well-being of an even greater number of pandas in the neighbouring panda reserves remained unknown. Five security guards at the reserve were killed by the earthquake. Six pandas escaped after their enclosures were damaged. By May 20, two pandas at the reserve were found to be injured, while the search continued for another two adult pandas that went missing after the quake. By May 28, 2008, one panda was still missing. The missing panda was later found dead under the rubble of an enclosure. Nine-year-old Mao Mao, a mother of five at the breeding center, was discovered on Monday, her body crushed by a wall in her enclosure. Panda keepers and other workers placed her remains in a small wooden crate and buried her outside the breeding centre.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Government Statistical Service", "paragraph_text": "The Government Statistical Service (GSS) is the community of all civil servants who work in the collection, production and communication of UK official statistics. It includes not only statisticians, but also economists, social researchers, IT professionals, and secretarial and clerical staff. Members of the GSS work in the Office for National Statistics, most UK Government departments, and the devolved administrations. The GSS publishes around 2,000 sets of statistics each year, as well as providing professional advice and", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Call of Duty: United Offensive", "paragraph_text": "Call of Duty: United Offensive is an expansion pack for the first-person shooter video game \"Call of Duty\". It was developed by Gray Matter Interactive, with contributions from Pi Studios, and published by Activision. It was released for Microsoft Windows on September 14, 2004.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Since 2004, what is the location of the body to which, if a matter is not specifically reserved, it is devolved?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 42027, "question": "If a matter is not specifically reserved, who is it devolved to?", "answer": "Scottish Parliament", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 42004, "question": "Where has the official home of #1 been since 2004?", "answer": "Scottish Parliament Building", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "Scottish Parliament Building", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2316}
{"id": "2hop__648648_173389", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Adaba (woreda)", "paragraph_text": "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Gmina W\u0142odawa", "paragraph_text": "Gmina W\u0142odawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in W\u0142odawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of W\u0142odawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Fronti\u00e8re internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Oak Lawn, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lake James State Park", "paragraph_text": "Lake James State Park is a North Carolina state park in Burke and McDowell Counties, North Carolina in the United States. Located near Nebo, North Carolina, it covers and borders Lake James.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Greengate, Greater Manchester", "paragraph_text": "It is located in the south west of Chadderton, close to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Notogawa, Shiga", "paragraph_text": "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ahuntsic Park", "paragraph_text": "Ahuntsic Park () is an urban park in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located in the borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville, and is bordered by Henri Bourassa Boulevard to the north, Saint Hubert Street to the east, Lajeunesse Street to the west and Fleury Street to the south. It is located next to Terminus Henri-Bourassa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Thirukkanur", "paragraph_text": "Thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of Puducherry, India. It one of 16 villages located in Mannadipet commune panchayat of the Villianur taluk. It is bordered by the state of Tamil Nadu both to the east and west.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Seven Hills, Queensland", "paragraph_text": "Seven Hills is a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is located east of the CBD, and borders Camp Hill, Carina, Morningside, and Norman Park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Broadhurst Park", "paragraph_text": "Broadhurst Park is a football ground in Moston, Manchester, England. It is the home of F.C. United of Manchester and Moston Juniors F.C. The ground was known by its project name, Moston Community Stadium, before being changed at a members' meeting in 2014.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Virginia, Lempira", "paragraph_text": "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Geography of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Murray-Sunset National Park", "paragraph_text": "The Murray-Sunset National Park is the second largest national park in Victoria, Australia, located in the Mallee district in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia. The national park is situated approximately northwest of Melbourne and was proclaimed on . It is in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia to the west and the Murray River to the north. The Sturt Highway passes through the northern part of the park, but most of the park is in the remote area between the Sturt Highway and the Mallee Highway, west of the Calder Highway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mount Bosworth", "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Northwest Territories", "paragraph_text": "Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, as well as three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south. It possibly meets Manitoba at a quadripoint to the extreme southeast, though surveys have not been completed. It has a land area of 1,183,085 km2 (456,792 sq mi).Geographical features include Great Bear Lake, the largest lake entirely within Canada, and Great Slave Lake, the deepest body of water in North America at 614 m (2,014 ft), as well as the Mackenzie River and the canyons of the Nahanni National Park Reserve, a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Territorial islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago include Banks Island, Borden Island, Prince Patrick Island, and parts of Victoria Island and Melville Island. Its highest point is Mount Nirvana near the border with Yukon at an elevation of 2,773 m (9,098 ft).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Coloane Park", "paragraph_text": "Coloane Park is a large park located on the southern section of Coloane Island in the former Portuguese colony of Macau, now a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "The city which contains Broadhurst Park shares a border with what town?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 648648, "question": "Broadhurst Park >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Moston", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 173389, "question": "#1 >> shares border with", "answer": "Middleton", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}], "answer": "Middleton", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1888}
{"id": "2hop__477492_240386", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Necessary Records", "paragraph_text": "Necessary Records is a record label based in the UK, founded by Warren Clarke, a former A&R executive at London Records and Edel, in 2003. Clarke describes that the label was born out of a creative necessity. \"It's an outlet for records that should and must be heard. An outlet for artists that deserve to and will, touch the widest possible audience.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "TML Entertainment", "paragraph_text": "The label was previously known as TRC from 1995 until 2003. The decision for Triumph to launch their own label came after the band's 10 year/5 album contract with MCA Records expired at the end of 1994. Subsequently, all of Triumph's albums were re-released on the TRC imprint using the 1980s remasters. Then in 2003, TRC changed its name to TML Entertainment with the release of Triumph's live album and DVD Live at the US Festival. Over the last few years, TML has re-released the whole catalog with new remastered versions done in 2004/2005 and the concert DVD \"A Night with Triumph\". Universal Music Group distributes the band's label in Canada and ADA (a small subsidiary of the Warner Music Group) in the US.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Takara (band)", "paragraph_text": "Takara is an American rock band, formed in 1987 in Los Angeles, California. Since 1992, Takara has recorded 6 studio albums for several different record labels in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. Founding member and lead guitarist Neal Grusky, and bassist Carl Demarco have remained permanent fixtures in the band since its early days.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Biltmore Records", "paragraph_text": "Biltmore Records was a United States based record label active from 1949 through 1951. The label was headquartered in New York City. Biltmore Records were often reissues of recordings no longer in the catalogues of other labels. When RCA Victor found out that Biltmore were making unauthorized reissues of material originally recorded by Victor, they sued Biltmore, putting Biltmore out of business.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Horse with a Heart", "paragraph_text": "Horse with a Heart is the first studio album by Altan, released in May 1989 on the Green Linnet Records label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nothing Records", "paragraph_text": "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Autumn Offering", "paragraph_text": "The Autumn Offering was an American metal band that formed in Daytona Beach, Florida in 1999. After achieving some degree of local success, the band was signed to Stillborn Records, founded by Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed, in 2003. The band released one album through this label. The Autumn Offering later signed to Victory Records in 2005 and have since then released four studio albums.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Big Wide Grin", "paragraph_text": "Big Wide Grin is the sixth studio album by Keb' Mo', it was released in 2001 by the Sony Wonder record label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Graeme Goodall", "paragraph_text": "Graeme Goodall (1932 \u2013 3 December 2014) was an Australian recording engineer and record label owner who was a key figure in the early days of Jamaica's recording industry, constructing several of the Island's studios, co-founding Island Records, and operating other labels in the United Kingdom releasing Jamaican music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Metalworks Institute", "paragraph_text": "The Institute was founded by Gil Moore (Inductee of the Mississauga Music Walk of Fame) of the Canadian rock band Triumph (inductees into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame), and is the educational extension of Metalworks Studios, Canada's largest music recording studio, and Metalworks Production Group. The institute offers online courses and 30-week, one and two year diploma programs in a variety of entertainment art disciplines. In 2016, Metalworks Institute received the inaugural Canadian Music & Broadcast Industry award for Music School of the Year.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Ace Fu Records", "paragraph_text": "Ace Fu Records is an independent record label founded in 1998 by Eric Speck. It is located in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. The label went on indefinite hiatus in 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Trevor Wyatt", "paragraph_text": "Wyatt was Chris Blackwell's first employee at Island Records London. Trevor drove the Island cab, delivering records to the stores as well as taking the artists around when they came to town. As Island grew, Trevor became the studio manager, UK A&R manager, and house producer, first in Island's Basing Street Studios and then at Island's HQ at St Peter's Square in Hammersmith. As such, he became a source of knowledge on who had recorded what in the studio and where their sessions could be found. Many compilations on the Island label existed purely because Trevor found material in the archives and brought it to the appropriate label manager's attention. He was responsible for the Island Reggae Greats series of releases, and also found many alternate takes and demos for box sets by Nick Drake and Sandy Denny.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Super Grit Cowboy Band", "paragraph_text": "Super Grit Cowboy Band is an American country music band formed in North Carolina. It was founded by Clyde Mattocks, Libby Mattocks, Bill Lyerly, Danny Vinson, Dave Cavanaugh and Alfred Ward. Active since 1974, the band recorded first with Sound Hut Studios. Beginning with their 1981 album, the band has recorded on its own Hoodswamp label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Gramofon", "paragraph_text": "Gramofon is a record label and event agency founded in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2003. It's the biggest music label of alternative music in Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Raised on Radio", "paragraph_text": "Raised on Radio is the ninth studio album by the American rock band Journey, released in April 1986 on the Columbia Records label. It is the only album to feature bassists Randy Jackson and Bob Glaub and drummer Larrie Londin and also the only album not to feature founding bassist Ross Valory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Equity Music Group", "paragraph_text": "Equity Music Group was an American country music record label founded in 2003 by singer Clint Black. The label was distributed by Koch Entertainment (now E1 Entertainment).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Exit 13", "paragraph_text": "Exit 13 is the twelfth studio album by American rapper LL Cool J. It was released on September 9, 2008 on the record label Def Jam Recordings. This would be his last album release with the label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Mona Bone Jakon", "paragraph_text": "Mona Bone Jakon is the third studio album released by singer-songwriter Cat Stevens, released in April 1970 on the Island Records label in the United Kingdom and on the A&M record label in the United States and Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Sleaszy Rider Records", "paragraph_text": "Sleaszy Rider Records is an independent record label which was founded in 1999 by Tolis G. Palantzas. The head office of the label is located in Greece. The label is mainly distributed in Europe by Sony Music/EMI. The label also distributes releases in Greece from numerous labels, including Roadrunner Records, SPV, and Pagan Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "EmArcy Records", "paragraph_text": "EmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by Mercury Records, and today a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. The name is a phonetic spelling of \"MRC\", the initials for Mercury Record Company.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the record label of the Metalworks Studio founder?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 477492, "question": "Metalworks Studios >> founded by", "answer": "Gil Moore", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}, {"id": 240386, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "TML Entertainment", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "TML Entertainment", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1409}
{"id": "2hop__776377_857193", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kintersburg Covered Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Kintersburg Covered Bridge is a covered bridge spanning Crooked Creek in Rayne Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States. Built in 1877, it is one of four covered bridges in the county, and is the only one with a Howe truss design. It is . The Howe design is rather rare in covered bridges. The Kintersburg Bridge is one of only five in the state of Pennsylvania with that design. The other four are the McConnell's Mill Covered Bridge in Lawrence County, Mean's Ford Covered Bridge in Bucks County, St. Mary's Covered Bridge in Huntingdon County, and the Thomas Mill Covered Bridge in Philadelphia County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of crossings of the Kiskiminetas River", "paragraph_text": "This is a complete list of bridges and dams that span the Kiskiminetas River from its confluence at the Conemaugh River and Loyalhanna Creek to its mouth at the Allegheny River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Petroleum Street Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Petroleum Street Bridge is a girder bridge connecting the North Side and South Side neighborhoods of Oil City, Pennsylvania and crosses the Allegheny River. The bridge sits just downstream from the confluence of Oil Creek and the Allegheny River. The 1995 structure carries two lanes of U.S. Route 62 and was built during a decade of major refurbishments of Upper Allegheny crossings. Previously, a 1910 truss bridge stood on the site; this structure replaced an earlier wooden bridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Konrad Adenauer Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Konrad Adenauer Bridge (in German: Konrad-Adenauer-Br\u00fccke) is one of two road bridges crossing the Rhine between the German cities of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen am Rhein. The other bridge is the Kurt Schumacher Bridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Napan River", "paragraph_text": "The Napan River in Canada is a tributary of the Miramichi River in New Brunswick, Canada. The river rises several kilometres southwest of Chatham in central Northumberland County and flows northeast into the Miramichi River at Napan Bay. Four bridges cross the river at various points: at Hannah Lane, Highway 11, Johnston Lane, and Highway 117. There was also once a crossing at White Lane. At one time, these bridges were covered, although all have been upgraded to steel and concrete structures.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Marquette\u2013Joliet Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Marquette\u2013Joliet Bridge is a bridge crossing the Mississippi River, connecting Marquette, Iowa and Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. Local residents refer to the bridge as the Prairie Bridge or the Marquette Bridge; both terms are used equally.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Burt Henry Covered Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Burt Henry Covered Bridge, also known as the Henry Covered Bridge or just the Henry Bridge, is a covered bridge that spans the Walloomsac River near Bennington, Vermont. A Town lattice truss bridge, it carries River Road, just south of the village of North Bennington. Originally built about 1840, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as Bennington County's oldest covered bridge. It was rebuilt in 1989 by the Vermont Agency of Transportation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Warren Covered Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Warren Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge that crosses the Mad River in Warren, Vermont on Covered Bridge Road. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Port of Melbourne", "paragraph_text": "The Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest port for containerised and general cargo. It is located in Melbourne, Victoria, and covers an area at the mouth of the Yarra River, downstream of Bolte Bridge, which is at the head of Port Phillip, as well as several piers on the bay itself. Since 1 July 2003, the Port of Melbourne has been managed by the Port of Melbourne Corporation, a statutory corporation created by the State of Victoria.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Crum Creek", "paragraph_text": "Crum Creek (from the Dutch, meaning \"crooked creek\") is a creek in Delaware County and Chester County, Pennsylvania, flowing approximately , generally in a southward direction and draining into the Delaware River in Eddystone, Pennsylvania. It begins in a swamp (formerly a lake, dammed out) near Newtown Square, Pennsylvania along which several mills were established in the 19th century. Right afterward it crosses under Pennsylvania Route 29 and winds one and a half miles () downstream until it hits the hamlet of Crum Creek. It later flows into the Delaware River near Philadelphia.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Wami Bridge", "paragraph_text": "Wami Bridge is a bridge in Tanzania that crosses the Wami River. It lies on the A14 highway between Chalinze and Segera junctions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Hartford Bridge, Cheshire", "paragraph_text": "The Hartford Bridge, or Blue Bridge, is a single-span road bridge crossing the River Weaver at Hartford, Cheshire in England. The bridge is located on the A556 as part of the Northwich bypass.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Diehls Covered Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Diehls Covered Bridge, also known as Turner's Bridge, is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Harrison Township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. It is a , Burr Truss bridge with a shallow gable roof, constructed in 1892. It crosses the Raystown Branch Juniata River. It is one of 15 historic covered bridges in Bedford County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Ledyard Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Ledyard Bridge crosses the Connecticut River to connect Hanover, New Hampshire to Norwich, Vermont. It is the third bridge at this crossing to bear the name of the adventurer John Ledyard.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Blackfriars Railway Bridge", "paragraph_text": "Blackfriars Railway Bridge is a railway bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and the Millennium Bridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Ducharme Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Ducharme Bridge (French: \"Pont Ducharme\") is a covered bridge with a lattice truss structure, which crosses the Bostonnais River in the center of La Bostonnais, Quebec. The bridge was built in 1946 and it is long. It was classified as a historic monument in 2006, because it was a late example of an elaborated town bridge, a truss developed by the Departement of colonization of Quebec at the turn of the 20th century. It was named after Romulus Ducharme, MLA of Laviolette in 1936-1939 and 1944-1966.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Taemas Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Taemas Bridge is a two-lane road bridge crossing the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales, Australia. The bridge crosses on the river just before it enters Lake Burrinjuck, which has been created by the Burrinjuck Dam. The bridge is a key part of the road between Yass and Wee Jasper, and from there, to Tumut. The bridge is around 26 kilometres from Yass and 22 kilometres from Wee Jasper. The current bridge was completed in 1931 and is over 200 metres in length.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Florenceville Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Florenceville Bridge is a wooden covered bridge combined with a steel trusses which crosses the Saint John River at Florenceville, New Brunswick, Canada. Built in 1907, the 46.9 metre (154 foot) bridge has one wooden Howe truss span, four steel through trusses and one plate girder span. The bridge evolved from a five span uncovered Burr Truss bridge built in 1885. One Burr span was converted to a covered Howe truss and in 1907 the others were converted to steel trusses.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Bartram's Covered Bridge", "paragraph_text": "Bartram's Covered Bridge, a historic covered bridge built in 1860, uses a Burr Truss design and carried Goshen Road over Crum Creek on the border between Delaware County and Chester County, Pennsylvania. It is long and wide and is the only covered bridge remaining of the 30 which once stood in Delaware County. The bridge has slanted planks at each entrance and is the only covered bridge in Pennsylvania with this feature. According to an on-site marker from the Newtown Square Historical Preservation Society, the bridge was built to be \"hi and wide as a load of hay\" It was built by Ferdinand Wood and named for Mordecai Bartram.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Goodpasture Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Goodpasture Bridge spans the McKenzie River near the community of Vida in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is the second longest covered bridge and one of the most photographed covered bridges in the state. The Goodpasture Bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the mouth of watercourse for the body of water where Bartram's Covered Bridge is located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 776377, "question": "Bartram's Covered Bridge >> crosses", "answer": "Crum Creek", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 857193, "question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse", "answer": "Delaware River", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}], "answer": "Delaware River", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1606}
{"id": "2hop__29752_814677", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "Ptolemy's family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC. All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name Ptolemy. Ptolemaic queens, some of whom were the sisters of their husbands, were usually called Cleopatra, Arsinoe or Berenice. The most famous member of the line was the last queen, Cleopatra VII, known for her role in the Roman political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony. Her suicide at the conquest by Rome marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt though Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt throughout the Roman and Byzantine periods until the Muslim conquest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "History of timekeeping devices", "paragraph_text": "The oldest known sundial is from Egypt; it dates back to around 1500 BC (19th Dynasty), and was discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 2013. Sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. Ancient Egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 BC, are also among the earliest shadow clocks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lake Manzala", "paragraph_text": "Lake Manzala ( \"ba\u1e25\u012brat manzala\"), also Manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta near Port Said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at Tanis. It is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of Egypt. As of 2008 it is 47\u00a0km long and 30\u00a0km wide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "An-Nekhel Fortress", "paragraph_text": "The Fortress of an-Nekhel is a Ksar (castle) located in the Nekhel Municipality of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. It holds a strategic location at the exact center of the peninsula. Excavations at the site have revealed remains dating from Ancient Egypt. It has historically been an important stop and staging ground for Muslim pilgrims undertaking the Hajj or Umra, holy Muslim pilgrimages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pope John III of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "During his papacy the Muslim ruler in Damascus was Marwan I as after the death of Yazid, the son of Mu'\u00e2wiyah and his son Muawiya II, Marwan I took control of the East and of Egypt.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "The worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in Egypt, where the Ptolemies adopted earlier Pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god-kings. These cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the Ptolemaieia at Alexandria and had their own festivals and theatrical performances. The setting up of ruler cults was more based on the systematized honors offered to the kings (sacrifice, proskynesis, statues, altars, hymns) which put them on par with the gods (isotheism) than on actual belief of their divine nature. According to Peter Green, these cults did not produce genuine belief of the divinity of rulers among the Greeks and Macedonians. The worship of Alexander was also popular, as in the long lived cult at Erythrae and of course, at Alexandria, where his tomb was located.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pinedjem I", "paragraph_text": "Pinedjem I was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1070 to 1032 BC and the \"de facto\" ruler of the south of the country from 1054 BC. He was the son of the High Priest Piankh. However, many Egyptologists today believe that the succession in the Amun priesthood actually ran from Piankh to Herihor to Pinedjem I.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mark Lehner", "paragraph_text": "Mark Lehner is an American archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in Egypt. He was born in North Dakota in 1950. His approach, as director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. Every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site\u2014from the buildings down to the pollen spores. His international team currently runs the Giza Plateau Mapping Project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the Giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of Egypt. He discovered that Pyramid G1-a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Great Pyramid, belonged to Hetepheres I; it was originally thought to belong to Queen Meritites I.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Green", "paragraph_text": "For the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris, was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. Palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. It was worn by both the living and dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. Tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. It also symbolized the sea, which was called the \"Very Green.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Near East", "paragraph_text": "One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers \"a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions.\" These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Sport", "paragraph_text": "Artifacts and structures suggest sport in China as early as 2000 BC. Gymnastics appears to have been popular in China's ancient past. Monuments to the Pharaohs indicate that a number of sports, including swimming and fishing, were well-developed and regulated several thousands of years ago in ancient Egypt. Other Egyptian sports included javelin throwing, high jump, and wrestling. Ancient Persian sports such as the traditional Iranian martial art of Zourkhaneh had a close connection to warfare skills. Among other sports that originated in ancient Persia are polo and jousting.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Pharaohs' Woman", "paragraph_text": "The Pharaohs' Woman () is a 1960 historical period drama film directed by Victor Tourjansky and starring John Drew Barrymore. The film is set in Ancient Egypt during the 31st century BCE (shortly after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt) and pertains to a love story set against the backdrop of a power struggle between a prince of the former ruling dynasty of Lower Egypt and the new overlords from Upper Egypt. It was the first feature film shot in Techniscope.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Upper and Lower Egypt", "paragraph_text": "The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent, a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms. Ancient Egyptian tradition credited Menes, now believed to be the same as Narmer, as the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. On the Narmer Palette the king is depicted wearing the Red Crown in one scene and the White crown in another, and thereby showing his rule over both Lands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Ramose and the Tomb Robbers", "paragraph_text": "Ramose and the Tomb Robbers is a 2003 historical novel by British-born Australian author Carole Wilkinson. It is set in ancient Egypt.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Cats in ancient Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Cats (Felis silvestris catus), known in ancient Egypt as ``Mau '', were considered sacred in ancient Egyptian society. Based on recent DNA comparisons of living species, it has been estimated that cats were first domesticated from the Middle Eastern subspecies of the wildcat about 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent. Thousands of years later, the peoples in what would later be Upper and Lower Egypt had a religion centering on the worship of animals, including cats.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Romance of the Underworld", "paragraph_text": "Romance of the Underworld is a 1928 American silent film drama produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. Directed by Irving Cummings and starring Mary Astor. It is taken from a stage play called \"A Romance of the Underworld\" by Paul Armstrong. A previous version of the story was filmed as \"A Romance of the Underworld\" in 1918 by director James Kirkwood with Catherine Calvert in Astor's part. The 1928 film is extant at the Museum of Modern Art. And also in a European archive.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Hapi (Son of Horus)", "paragraph_text": "Hapi, sometimes transliterated as Hapy, is one of the Four sons of Horus in ancient Egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. Hapi was the son of Heru-ur and Isis or Serqet. He is not to be confused with another god of the same name. He is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. Hapi is in turn protected by the goddess Nephthys. When his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. When embalming practices changed during the Third Intermediate Period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of Hapi would be included in the body cavity.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "History of medicine", "paragraph_text": "The earliest known physician is also credited to ancient Egypt: Hesy - Ra, ``Chief of Dentists and Physicians ''for King Djoser in the 27th century BCE. Also, the earliest known woman physician, Peseshet, practiced in Ancient Egypt at the time of the 4th dynasty. Her title was`` Lady Overseer of the Lady Physicians.'' In addition to her supervisory role, Peseshet trained midwives at an ancient Egyptian medical school in Sais.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Wedding ring", "paragraph_text": "The earliest examples of wedding rings are from Ancient Egypt. Western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient Rome and Greece, and were transmitted to the present through Christendom in Europe, which adapted the ancient customs.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the ruler of the underworld in ancient Egypt a part of?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 29752, "question": "Who was the ruler of the underworld in ancient Egypt?", "answer": "Osiris", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}, {"id": 814677, "question": "#1 >> part of", "answer": "ancient Egyptian religion", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "ancient Egyptian religion", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2246}
{"id": "2hop__77601_814677", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Greek underworld", "paragraph_text": "In mythology, the Greek underworld is an otherworld where souls go after death. The original Greek idea of afterlife is that, at the moment of death, the soul is separated from the corpse, taking on the shape of the former person, and is transported to the entrance of the Underworld. The Underworld itself -- sometimes known as the realm of Hades -- is described as being either at the outer bounds of the ocean or beneath the depths or ends of the earth. It is considered the dark counterpart to the brightness of Mount Olympus with the kingdom of the dead corresponding to the kingdom of the gods. Hades is a realm invisible to the living, made solely for the dead.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mark Lehner", "paragraph_text": "Mark Lehner is an American archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in Egypt. He was born in North Dakota in 1950. His approach, as director of Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. Every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site\u2014from the buildings down to the pollen spores. His international team currently runs the Giza Plateau Mapping Project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the Giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of Egypt. He discovered that Pyramid G1-a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Great Pyramid, belonged to Hetepheres I; it was originally thought to belong to Queen Meritites I.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "History of timekeeping devices", "paragraph_text": "The oldest known sundial is from Egypt; it dates back to around 1500 BC (19th Dynasty), and was discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 2013. Sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. Ancient Egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 BC, are also among the earliest shadow clocks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Exodus", "paragraph_text": "The story of the Exodus is told in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, the last four of the five books of the Torah (also called the Pentateuch). It tells of the events that befell the Israelites following the death of Joseph, their departure from Egypt, and their wanderings in the wilderness, including the revelations at Sinai, up to their arrival at the borders of Canaan. The story begins with the Israelites in slavery in Egypt. Moses leads them out of Egypt and through the wilderness to Mount Sinai, where Yahweh reveals himself and offers them a Covenant: they are to keep his torah (i.e. law, instruction), and in return he will be their God and give them the land of Canaan. The Book of Leviticus records the laws of God. The Book of Numbers tells how the Israelites, led now by their God, journey on from Sinai towards Canaan, but when their spies report that the land is filled with giants they refuse to go on and Yahweh condemns them to remain in the desert until the generation that left Egypt passes away. After thirty - eight years at the oasis of Kadesh Barnea the next generation travel on to the borders of Canaan, where Moses addresses them for the final time and gives them further laws. The Exodus ends with the death of Moses on Mount Nebo and his burial by God, while the Israelites prepare for the conquest of the land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Plagues of Egypt", "paragraph_text": "The Plagues of Egypt (Hebrew: \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd, Makot Mitzrayim), also called the ten biblical plagues, were ten calamities that, according to the biblical Book of Exodus, God inflicted upon Egypt as a demonstration of power, after which the Pharaoh conceded to Moses' demands to let the enslaved Israelites go into the wilderness to make sacrifices. God repeatedly hardened the Pharaoh's heart to prevent him from consenting until after the tenth plague. The Israelites' eventual departure began the Exodus of the Hebrew people.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Temple of Kom Ombo", "paragraph_text": "The Temple of Kom Ombo is an unusual double temple in the town of Kom Ombo in Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt. It was constructed during the Ptolemaic dynasty, 180\u201347 BC. Some additions to it were later made during the Roman period. The building is unique because its 'double' design meant that there were courts, halls, sanctuaries and rooms duplicated for two sets of gods. The southern half of the temple was dedicated to the crocodile god Sobek, god of fertility and creator of the world with Hathor and Khonsu. Meanwhile, the northern part of the temple was dedicated to the falcon god Haroeris (\"Horus the Elder\"), along \"with Tasenetnofret (the Good Sister, a special form of Hathor or Tefnet/Tefnut) and Panebtawy (Lord of the Two Lands).\" The temple is atypical because everything is perfectly symmetrical along the main axis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Demeter, Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also had a variety of other mystical beliefs, such as nymphs and other magical creatures.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "History of medicine", "paragraph_text": "The earliest known physician is also credited to ancient Egypt: Hesy - Ra, ``Chief of Dentists and Physicians ''for King Djoser in the 27th century BCE. Also, the earliest known woman physician, Peseshet, practiced in Ancient Egypt at the time of the 4th dynasty. Her title was`` Lady Overseer of the Lady Physicians.'' In addition to her supervisory role, Peseshet trained midwives at an ancient Egyptian medical school in Sais.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "According to sculptor Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Auguste Bartholdi, who later recounted the story, Laboulaye's comment was not intended as a proposal, but it inspired Bartholdi. Given the repressive nature of the regime of Napoleon III, Bartholdi took no immediate action on the idea except to discuss it with Laboulaye. Bartholdi was in any event busy with other possible projects; in the late 1860s, he approached Isma'il Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, a plan to build Progress or Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia, a huge lighthouse in the form of an ancient Egyptian female fellah or peasant, robed and holding a torch aloft, at the northern entrance to the Suez Canal in Port Said. Sketches and models were made of the proposed work, though it was never erected. There was a classical precedent for the Suez proposal, the Colossus of Rhodes: an ancient bronze statue of the Greek god of the sun, Helios. This statue is believed to have been over 100 feet (30 m) high, and it similarly stood at a harbor entrance and carried a light to guide ships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Romance of the Underworld", "paragraph_text": "Romance of the Underworld is a 1928 American silent film drama produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. Directed by Irving Cummings and starring Mary Astor. It is taken from a stage play called \"A Romance of the Underworld\" by Paul Armstrong. A previous version of the story was filmed as \"A Romance of the Underworld\" in 1918 by director James Kirkwood with Catherine Calvert in Astor's part. The 1928 film is extant at the Museum of Modern Art. And also in a European archive.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Hapi (Son of Horus)", "paragraph_text": "Hapi, sometimes transliterated as Hapy, is one of the Four sons of Horus in ancient Egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. Hapi was the son of Heru-ur and Isis or Serqet. He is not to be confused with another god of the same name. He is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. Hapi is in turn protected by the goddess Nephthys. When his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. When embalming practices changed during the Third Intermediate Period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of Hapi would be included in the body cavity.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Osiris", "paragraph_text": "Osiris (/ o\u028a \u02c8sa\u026ar\u026as /, from Egyptian wsjr, Coptic \u2c9f\u2ca9\u2ca5\u2c93\u2ca3\u2c89) is an Egyptian god, identified as the god of the afterlife, the underworld, and the dead, but more appropriately as the god of transition, resurrection, and regeneration. He was classically depicted as a green - skinned deity with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy - wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive crown with two large ostrich feathers at either side, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. Osiris was at times considered the oldest son of the god Geb, though other sources state his father is the sun - god Ra, and the sky goddess Nut, as well as being brother and husband of Isis, with Horus being considered his posthumously begotten son. He was also associated with the epithet Khenti - Amentiu, meaning ``Foremost of the Westerners '', a reference to his kingship in the land of the dead. As ruler of the dead, Osiris was also sometimes called`` king of the living'': ancient Egyptians considered the blessed dead ``the living ones ''. Through syncretism with Iah, he is also the god of the Moon.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Wedding ring", "paragraph_text": "The earliest examples of wedding rings are from Ancient Egypt. Western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient Rome and Greece, and were transmitted to the present through Christendom in Europe, which adapted the ancient customs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Lake Manzala", "paragraph_text": "Lake Manzala ( \"ba\u1e25\u012brat manzala\"), also Manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta near Port Said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at Tanis. It is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of Egypt. As of 2008 it is 47\u00a0km long and 30\u00a0km wide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Ambrosia", "paragraph_text": "In the ancient Greek myths, ambrosia (/ \u00e6m\u02c8bro\u028a\u0292\u0259 /, Ancient Greek: \u1f00\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, ``immortality '') is sometimes the food or drink of the Greek gods, often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. It was brought to the gods in Olympus by doves.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "The Rape of Proserpina", "paragraph_text": "The Rape of Proserpina () is a large Baroque marble sculptural group by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, executed between 1621 and 1622. Bernini was only 23 years old at its completion. It depicts the Abduction of Proserpina, who is seized and taken to the underworld by the god Pluto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Pharaohs' Woman", "paragraph_text": "The Pharaohs' Woman () is a 1960 historical period drama film directed by Victor Tourjansky and starring John Drew Barrymore. The film is set in Ancient Egypt during the 31st century BCE (shortly after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt) and pertains to a love story set against the backdrop of a power struggle between a prince of the former ruling dynasty of Lower Egypt and the new overlords from Upper Egypt. It was the first feature film shot in Techniscope.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Ramose and the Tomb Robbers", "paragraph_text": "Ramose and the Tomb Robbers is a 2003 historical novel by British-born Australian author Carole Wilkinson. It is set in ancient Egypt.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Greek mythology", "paragraph_text": "According to Classical - era mythology, after the overthrow of the Titans, the new pantheon of gods and goddesses was confirmed. Among the principal Greek gods were the Olympians, residing on Mount Olympus under the eye of Zeus. (The limitation of their number to twelve seems to have been a comparatively modern idea.) Besides the Olympians, the Greeks worshipped various gods of the countryside, the satyr - god Pan, Nymphs (spirits of rivers), Naiads (who dwelled in springs), Dryads (who were spirits of the trees), Nereids (who inhabited the sea), river gods, Satyrs, and others. In addition, there were the dark powers of the underworld, such as the Erinyes (or Furies), said to pursue those guilty of crimes against blood - relatives. In order to honor the Ancient Greek pantheon, poets composed the Homeric Hymns (a group of thirty - three songs). Gregory Nagy regards ``the larger Homeric Hymns as simple preludes (compared with Theogony), each of which invokes one god ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Book of Exodus", "paragraph_text": "There is no unanimous agreement among scholars on the structure of Exodus. One strong possibility is that it is a diptych (i.e., divided into two parts), with the division between parts 1 and 2 at the crossing of the Red Sea or at the beginning of the theophany (appearance of God) in chapter 19. On this plan, the first part tells of God's rescue of his people from Egypt and their journey under his care to Sinai (chapters 1 -- 19) and the second tells of the covenant between them (chapters 20 -- 40).", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What pantheon is the God of the underworld in ancient Egypt a part of?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 77601, "question": "who was the god of the underworld in ancient egypt", "answer": "Osiris", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 814677, "question": "#1 >> part of", "answer": "ancient Egyptian religion", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "ancient Egyptian religion", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2742}
{"id": "2hop__497191_129669", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India", "paragraph_text": "The Fundamental Rights are defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, applied irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed, or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These provisions, set out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not enforceable by the courts, but the principles on which they are based are fundamental guidelines for governance that the State is expected to apply in framing policies and passing laws.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Suntrana, Alaska", "paragraph_text": "Suntrana is an unincorporated community in eastern Denali Borough, Alaska, United States. It is located within the census-designated place of Healy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Hilda Crosby Standish", "paragraph_text": "Hilda Crosby Standish (1902 \u2013 June 1, 2005) was a pioneer in the birth control movement in the state of Connecticut. In 1935, she became medical director of the Maternal Health Center in Hartford, the state's first birth control clinic. Dr. Standish was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Vila Franca de Xira", "paragraph_text": "Vila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19\u00a0km\u00b2. Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32\u00a0km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Barrville, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Barrville is a census-designated place located in Brown Township, Mifflin County in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 160 residents.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Restful Place", "paragraph_text": "Restful Place is a public artwork by Ho-Chunk artist Truman Lowe, located at Indianapolis Art Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. \"Restful Place\" was installed as part of the Center's ARTSPARK initiative.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Chirakkalkulam", "paragraph_text": "Chirakkalkulam is a small residential area near Kannur town of Kannur District, Kerala state, South India. Chirakkalkulam is located between Thayatheru and Kannur City. Chirakkalkulam's significance arises from the birth of the historic Arakkal Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Natural-born-citizen clause", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Constitution uses but does not define the phrase ``natural born Citizen '', and various opinions have been offered over time regarding its precise meaning. The consensus of early 21st - century constitutional scholars, together with relevant case law, is that natural - born citizens include, subject to exceptions, those born in the United States. Many scholars have also concluded that those who meet the legal requirements for U.S. citizenship`` at the moment of birth'', regardless of place of birth, are also natural - born citizens. Every president to date was either a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 or was born in the United States; of these there have been seven that had at least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ulrich Walser House", "paragraph_text": "The Ulrich Walser House is a house located at 711 North 2nd Street in Alma, Wisconsin, United States. It was constructed in 1895 by Ulrich Walser and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Westboro, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Westboro is a town in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 660 at the 2000 census. The census-designated place of Westboro is located in the town. The unincorporated community of Queenstown is also located in the town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Hawk Run, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Hawk Run is a census-designated place located in Morris Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 534.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Bigler, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Bigler is a census-designated place located in Bradford Township, Clearfield County in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 398.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Merrill, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Merrill is a village located in Jonesfield Township in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 2010 Census places the population at 778.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Kentucky State Capitol", "paragraph_text": "The Kentucky State Capitol is located in Frankfort and is the house of the three branches (executive, legislative, judicial) of the state government of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Frank T. and Polly Lewis House", "paragraph_text": "The Frank T. and Polly Lewis House is located in Lodi, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The house is located within the Portage Street Historic District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Fingerville, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Fingerville is a Census-designated place located in Spartanburg County in the U.S. State of South Carolina. According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 134.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Gramling, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Gramling is a census-designated place located in Spartanburg County in the U.S. state of South Carolina. According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 86.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Alhandra (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Lu\u00eds Miguel Assun\u00e7\u00e3o Joaquim (born 5 March 1979 in Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon), known as Alhandra, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played mainly as a left back \u2013 he could also appear as a midfielder.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "In which district was Alhandra born?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 497191, "question": "Alhandra >> place of birth", "answer": "Vila Franca de Xira", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 129669, "question": "In which state is #1 located?", "answer": "Lisbon District", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "Lisbon District", "answer_aliases": ["Lisbon", "AML"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1335}
{"id": "2hop__311694_129669", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Chirakkalkulam", "paragraph_text": "Chirakkalkulam is a small residential area near Kannur town of Kannur District, Kerala state, South India. Chirakkalkulam is located between Thayatheru and Kannur City. Chirakkalkulam's significance arises from the birth of the historic Arakkal Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Meu Pedacinho de Ch\u00e3o", "paragraph_text": "Meu Pedacinho de Ch\u00e3o (English: \"My Little Piece of Ground\") is a Brazilian telenovela written by Benedito Ruy Barbosa and directed by Luiz Fernando Carvalho produced and broadcast by Rede Globo. It aired from April 7 to August 1, 2014. Based on the 1971 telenovela of the same name created by Benedito Ruy Barbosa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Fingerville, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Fingerville is a Census-designated place located in Spartanburg County in the U.S. State of South Carolina. According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 134.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Vera Begi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Vera Begi\u0107 (born March 17, 1982 in Rijeka, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia) is Croatian athlete specialized in discus throwing discipline. Since Vera's mother Jadranka Antunovi\u0107 also was a successful athlete and member of the national team in Yugoslavia (long jump, pentathlon), Vera has been connected to athletics from the early childhood. At the age of 12 she decided to take the discus throwing for her preferred athletic discipline, and soon achieved very good results in the junior level of competition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Vila Franca de Xira", "paragraph_text": "Vila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19\u00a0km\u00b2. Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32\u00a0km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Vera Barbosa", "paragraph_text": "Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Vera, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Vera is an unincorporated community in Knox County, Texas, United States. It lies on U.S. Highway 82 in the east central portion of the county near the Baylor County line, and had an estimated population of 50 in 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Valverde de la Vera", "paragraph_text": "Valverde de la Vera is a municipality located in the province of C\u00e1ceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 618 inhabitants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Vera Hars\u00e1nyi", "paragraph_text": "Vera Hars\u00e1nyi, or Vera Szekely (12 October 1919 \u2013 24 December 1994) was a Hungarian freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics, and then an artist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "H\u00e9lio Quaglia Barbosa", "paragraph_text": "H\u00e9lio Quaglia Barbosa (November 25, 1941 \u2013 February 1, 2008) was a Brazilian who served on the country's Superior Court of Justice, which is Brazil's highest appellate court for non-constitutional issues.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Vera Drake", "paragraph_text": "Vera Drake (Imelda Staunton) is devoted to her family, looking after her husband and children, her elderly mother, and a sick neighbour. Her shy daughter, Ethel (Alex Kelly), works in a lightbulb factory, and her son, Sid (Daniel Mays), tailors men's suits. Her husband, Stanley (Phil Davis), is a car mechanic. Although Vera and her family are poor, their strong family bonds hold them together. During her working day as a house cleaner, Vera performs constant small acts of kindness for the many people she encounters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Hilda Crosby Standish", "paragraph_text": "Hilda Crosby Standish (1902 \u2013 June 1, 2005) was a pioneer in the birth control movement in the state of Connecticut. In 1935, she became medical director of the Maternal Health Center in Hartford, the state's first birth control clinic. Dr. Standish was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Rodrigo Tabata", "paragraph_text": "Rodrigo Barbosa Tabata (born November 19, 1980 in Ara\u00e7atuba, Brazil) or simply Rodrigo Tabata, is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Qatari club Al-Rayyan and the Qatar national football team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Women's World Chess Championship 1931", "paragraph_text": "The 3rd Women's World Chess Championship took place during the 4th Chess Olympiad in Prague between 12-26 July 1931. The tournament was played as a double round-robin tournament. Vera Menchik successfully defended her title. The final results were as follows:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Natural-born-citizen clause", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Constitution uses but does not define the phrase ``natural born Citizen '', and various opinions have been offered over time regarding its precise meaning. The consensus of early 21st - century constitutional scholars, together with relevant case law, is that natural - born citizens include, subject to exceptions, those born in the United States. Many scholars have also concluded that those who meet the legal requirements for U.S. citizenship`` at the moment of birth'', regardless of place of birth, are also natural - born citizens. Every president to date was either a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 or was born in the United States; of these there have been seven that had at least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Rafael Barbosa do Nascimento", "paragraph_text": "Rafael Barbosa do Nascimento (born 10 August 1983) is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Hajer Club in the Saudi Professional League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Gramling, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Gramling is a census-designated place located in Spartanburg County in the U.S. state of South Carolina. According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 86.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Agostinho Barbosa", "paragraph_text": "Agostinho Barbosa (Agostino, Augustinus) (17 September 1589, at Ald\u00e3o, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal \u2013 22 March 1649, in Ugento, Italy) was a prolific Portuguese writer on canon law. His work included dictionary-type surveys of the legal elements.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In which state is Vera Barbosa's place of birth located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 311694, "question": "Vera Barbosa >> place of birth", "answer": "Vila Franca de Xira", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}, {"id": 129669, "question": "In which state is #1 located?", "answer": "Lisbon District", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Lisbon District", "answer_aliases": ["Lisbon", "AML"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1512}
{"id": "2hop__819974_129669", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Santiago de Cassurr\u00e3es e P\u00f3voa de Cerv\u00e3es", "paragraph_text": "Santiago de Cassurr\u00e3es e P\u00f3voa de Cerv\u00e3es is a civil parish in the municipality of Mangualde, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Santiago de Cassurr\u00e3es and P\u00f3voa de Cerv\u00e3es. The population in 2011 was 1,414, in an area of 30.03\u00a0km\u00b2.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Diana Bar", "paragraph_text": "Diana Bar is a beach library and gallery in P\u00f3voa de Varzim, Portugal. Before being a public library it was a historic caf\u00e9 with the same name. It is located in the south end of the city's main waterfront avenue, the Banhos Avenue (\"Avenida dos Banhos\", literally Baths Avenue).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Santa Sof\u00eda, Boyac\u00e1", "paragraph_text": "Santa Sof\u00eda is a town and municipality in the Department of Boyac\u00e1, part of the subregion of the Ricaurte Province, Colombia. The urban centre of Santa Sof\u00eda is located at an altitude of on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, with the highest elevated parts of the municipality, that have a p\u00e1ramo ecosystem, reaching . Santa Sof\u00eda borders Moniquir\u00e1 in the north, Gachantiv\u00e1 in the west, Villa de Leyva in the southeast, Sutamarch\u00e1n in the south, Saboy\u00e1 in the southwest, and Puente Nacional, Santander in the west.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Santa Cruz de las Flores, Tlajomulco de Z\u00fa\u00f1iga, Jalisco", "paragraph_text": "Santa Cruz de las Flores is the name of a town located south of Tlajomulco de Zu\u00f1iga, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. It has been called Xochitlan, meaning \"Place of Flowers\" (\"x\u014dchitl\" is Nahuatl for flower ).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Aldealengua de Santa Mar\u00eda", "paragraph_text": "Aldealengua de Santa Mar\u00eda is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and Le\u00f3n, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 78 inhabitants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho", "paragraph_text": "Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho () is a former administrative division in Portugal. Founded in 2004, it consisted of 12 municipalities in the north of the country: Amares, Barcelos, Braga, Cabeceiras de Basto, Fafe, Guimar\u00e3es, P\u00f3voa de Lanhoso, Terras de Bouro, Vieira do Minho, Vila Nova de Famalic\u00e3o, Vila Verde and Vizela, all of them part of the former Braga District. It was disbanded in 2009, when the intermunicipal communities Ave and C\u00e1vado were formed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Guijo de Santa B\u00e1rbara", "paragraph_text": "Guijo de Santa B\u00e1rbara is a municipality located in the province of C\u00e1ceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 429 inhabitants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Monastery of la Murta", "paragraph_text": "The Monastery of Santa Maria de la Murta is a former monastery of the order of the Hieronymites located in the Valley of La Murta in Alzira (Valencia), Spain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Maria Carrillo High School", "paragraph_text": "Maria Carrillo High School is a public high school located in Santa Rosa, California, United States. It is managed by the Santa Rosa City Schools district. It opened in 1996 and is located in the Rincon Valley neighborhood of Santa Rosa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Casa de los Pinelo", "paragraph_text": "The Casa de los Pinelo is a Renaissance building located in the centre of Seville in Spain. It houses both the Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras and the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Isabel de Hungr\u00eda.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Monastery of Aguas Vivas", "paragraph_text": "The Monastery of Santa Mar\u00eda de Aguas Vivas, located in the municipality of Carcaixent (Valencia), Spain, is a religious building dating back to the 13th century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Vila Franca de Xira", "paragraph_text": "Vila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19\u00a0km\u00b2. Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32\u00a0km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Santa Cruz de Moya", "paragraph_text": "Santa Cruz de Moya is a municipality located in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 423 inhabitants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Santa Marta de Magasca", "paragraph_text": "Santa Marta de Magasca is a municipality located in the province of C\u00e1ceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 252 inhabitants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Campestre do Menino Deus", "paragraph_text": "Campestre do Menino Deus (\"Campestral of Child God\") is a bairro in the District of Sede in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located in north Santa Maria.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "P\u00f3voa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa", "paragraph_text": "P\u00f3voa de Santa Iria e Forte da Casa is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes P\u00f3voa de Santa Iria and Forte da Casa. The population in 2011 was 40,404, in an area of 9.16\u00a0km\u00b2.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Tancredo Neves, Santa Maria", "paragraph_text": "Tancredo Neves (\"Tancredo Neves - Brazilian President\") is a bairro in the District of Sede in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located in west Santa Maria.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In which state is P\u00f3voa de Santa Iria's municipality located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 819974, "question": "P\u00f3voa de Santa Iria >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Vila Franca de Xira", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 129669, "question": "In which state is #1 located?", "answer": "Lisbon District", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Lisbon District", "answer_aliases": ["Lisbon"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1568}
{"id": "2hop__199513_13732", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jos\u00e9 Pinto Coelho", "paragraph_text": "Jos\u00e9 de Almeida e Vasconcelos Pinto Coelho (born Lisbon, Campo Grande, 27 September 1960) commonly known just by Jos\u00e9 Pinto-Coelho, is a Portuguese far-right and nationalist politician, president of the National Renovator Party (Partido Nacional Renovador) since 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "The Protoevangelium of James, an extra-canonical book, has been the source of many Orthodox beliefs on Mary. The account of Mary's life presented includes her consecration as a virgin at the temple at age three. The High Priest Zachariah blessed Mary and informed her that God had magnified her name among many generations. Zachariah placed Mary on the third step of the altar, whereby God gave her grace. While in the temple, Mary was miraculously fed by an angel, until she was twelve years old. At that point an angel told Zachariah to betroth Mary to a widower in Israel, who would be indicated. This story provides the theme of many hymns for the Feast of Presentation of Mary, and icons of the feast depict the story. The Orthodox believe that Mary was instrumental in the growth of Christianity during the life of Jesus, and after his Crucifixion, and Orthodox Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote: \"The Virgin Mary is the center, invisible, but real, of the Apostolic Church.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Manuel da N\u00f3brega", "paragraph_text": "Manuel da N\u00f3brega (old spelling \"Manoel da N\u00f3brega\") (18 October 1517 \u2013 18 October 1570) was a Portuguese Jesuit priest and first Provincial of the Society of Jesus in colonial Brazil. Together with Jos\u00e9 de Anchieta, he was very influential in the early history of Brazil and participated in the founding of several cities, such as Recife, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, and S\u00e3o Paulo, as well as many Jesuit colleges and seminaries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Rodovia dos Imigrantes", "paragraph_text": "Rodovia dos Imigrantes (official designation SP\u2011160) is a highway in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The highway connects the city of S\u00e3o Paulo to the Atlantic coast and with the seaside cities of S\u00e3o Vicente and Praia Grande. It follows the route of Rodovia Anchieta and is also one of Brazil's busiest highways, especially on weekends.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "S\u00e3o Bento do Norte", "paragraph_text": "S\u00e3o Bento do Norte is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "S\u00e3o Pedro de Alva e S\u00e3o Paio do Mondego", "paragraph_text": "S\u00e3o Pedro de Alva e S\u00e3o Paio do Mondego is a civil parish in the municipality of Penacova, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes S\u00e3o Pedro de Alva and S\u00e3o Paio do Mondego. The population in 2011 was 1,818, in an area of 37.94\u00a0km\u00b2.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "SP-83", "paragraph_text": "The SP-83 is a highway in the southeastern part of the state of S\u00e3o Paulo in Brazil. The highway is known as the Rodovia Anel Vi\u00e1rio Jos\u00e9 Roberto Magalh\u00e3es Teixeira in its entire length.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Est\u00e1dio do Arruda", "paragraph_text": "Est\u00e1dio Jos\u00e9 do Rego Maciel, also known as Est\u00e1dio do Arruda, is a multi-purpose stadium in Recife, Brazil. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium was built in 1972 and is able to hold 60,044 spectators. Est\u00e1dio do Arruda is owned by Santa Cruz Futebol Clube. The stadium is named after Jos\u00e9 do Rego Maciel, who was Recife's mayor between 1952 and 1955.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Quatro Marcos", "paragraph_text": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Quatro Marcos is a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso in the Central-West Region of Brazil.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Nova Alian\u00e7a", "paragraph_text": "Nova Alian\u00e7a is a municipality in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The population is 6,555 (2015 est.) in an area of 217.5 km\u00b2. Nova Alian\u00e7a belongs to the Mesoregion of S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Si mis campos hablaran", "paragraph_text": "Si mis campos hablaran is a 1947 Chilean film directed by Jos\u00e9 Bohr and starring Chela Bon. It was entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Central do Brasil", "paragraph_text": "Central do Brasil () is a major train station in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. It is the last stop of Rio's railway network, as well as a hub for connection with the city subway and a bus station. Central do Brasil was also a preeminent stop in the interstate Central do Brasil railroad, which did link Rio de Janeiro with S\u00e3o Paulo and Minas Gerais, though the railroad is now deactivated. The station is located in downtown Rio de Janeiro, along the Avenida Presidente Vargas and across from the Campo de Santana park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "UDRA", "paragraph_text": "UDRA (Uni\u00e3o Desportiva Rei Amador) is a football club that plays in the S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe Championship. The team is based in the southern part of the island of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 in the city of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o dos Angolares and plays at Campo de Ribeira Peixe nearby. The club is named after Rei Amador, a slave king in Angolares mythology.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Ipigu\u00e1", "paragraph_text": "Ipigu\u00e1 is a municipality in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The population is 5,022 (2015 est.) in an area of 136 km\u00b2. Ipigu\u00e1 is located 20\u00a0km from S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto. The municipality belongs to the Microregion of S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "2015 Brazilian Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Brazilian Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Grande Pr\u00eamio Petrobras do Brasil 2015) was a Formula One motor race held at the Aut\u00f3dromo Jos\u00e9 Carlos Pace in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil on 15 November 2015. It was the eighteenth race of the 2015 FIA Formula One World Championship, and marked the 44th running of the Brazilian Grand Prix as a round of the World Championship since its inception in .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Juca de Oliveira", "paragraph_text": "Juca de Oliveira (born Jos\u00e9 de Oliveira Santos; March 16, 1935 in Itapira, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian actor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "2002 Brazilian Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2002 Brazilian Grand Prix (formally the XXXI Grande Pr\u00eamio Marlboro do Brasil) was a Formula One motor race held on 31 March 2002 at the Aut\u00f3dromo Jos\u00e9 Carlos Pace, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. It was the third round of the 2002 Formula One season and the thirty-first Brazilian Grand Prix. The 71-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from the second position. Ralf Schumacher finished second for the Williams team with David Coulthard third in a McLaren.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Mantimento", "paragraph_text": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Mantimento is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the mesoregion of Zona da Mata and to the microregion of Manhua\u00e7u.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the Tabernacle as recorded in the Old Testament. Some apocryphal accounts state that at the time of her betrothal to Joseph, Mary was 12\u201314 years old, and he was thirty years old, but such accounts are unreliable.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos", "paragraph_text": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos (, meaning Saint Joseph of the Fields) is a major city and the seat of the municipality of the same name in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. One of the leading industrial and research centers with emphasis in aerospace sciences in Latin America, the city is located in the Para\u00edba Valley, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country, S\u00e3o Paulo ( from the city) and Rio de Janeiro (). It is the main city of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Para\u00edba e Litoral Norte. A native of S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos is called a \"joseense\" ().", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "How old was Mary when engaged to the person from whom S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos takes it's name?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 199513, "question": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos >> named after", "answer": "Joseph", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 13732, "question": "When she was betrothed to #1 , approximately how old was Mary?", "answer": "12\u201314 years old", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "12\u201314 years old", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1723}
{"id": "2hop__13731_801817", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Oshkosh Public Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Oshkosh Public Museum is museum located in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States. It is housed in the Edgar and Mary Jewell Sawyer House, which is part of the Algoma Boulevard Historic District, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Niels Henrik Abel", "paragraph_text": "Niels Henrik Abel was born in Nedstrand, Norway, as the second child of the pastor S\u00f8ren Georg Abel and Anne Marie Simonsen. When Niels Henrik Abel was born, the family was living at a rectory on Finn\u00f8y. Much suggests that Niels Henrik was born in the neighboring parish, as his parents were guests of the bailiff in Nedstrand in July / August of his year of birth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Peggy Olson", "paragraph_text": "At the end of Season 1, which takes place just before Thanksgiving 1960, Peggy is promoted to Junior Copywriter, heading up the new Clearasil account. Just after receiving the promotion, Peggy begins experiencing severe abdominal pain; she attributes it to a ``bad sandwich ''from the office cart and heads to St. Mary's Hospital in Brooklyn. She is shocked and in denial when informed she's actually in labor. As she gets up to leave, she collapses, and the hospital staff moves her into a hospital room in labor and delivery. She gives birth to a healthy baby boy, whom she refuses to hold or look at.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sisters of St Joseph of Nazareth", "paragraph_text": "The Sisters of Saint Joseph of Nazareth, also called simply the Sisters of St Joseph or Josephites (\"Black Josephites\"), are a religious congregation who have their main centre in Whanganui, New Zealand. The congregation was a member of the Federation of the Sisters of St. Joseph which disbanded in 2013. The Sisters of St Joseph Whanganui received the Decree of Fusion with the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart on 22 February 2013.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "The Protoevangelium of James, an extra-canonical book, has been the source of many Orthodox beliefs on Mary. The account of Mary's life presented includes her consecration as a virgin at the temple at age three. The High Priest Zachariah blessed Mary and informed her that God had magnified her name among many generations. Zachariah placed Mary on the third step of the altar, whereby God gave her grace. While in the temple, Mary was miraculously fed by an angel, until she was twelve years old. At that point an angel told Zachariah to betroth Mary to a widower in Israel, who would be indicated. This story provides the theme of many hymns for the Feast of Presentation of Mary, and icons of the feast depict the story. The Orthodox believe that Mary was instrumental in the growth of Christianity during the life of Jesus, and after his Crucifixion, and Orthodox Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote: \"The Virgin Mary is the center, invisible, but real, of the Apostolic Church.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states that Mary went to live with the Disciple whom Jesus loved,[Jn 19:27] identified as John the Evangelist.[citation needed] Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea wrote in their histories that John later went to Ephesus, which may provide the basis for the early belief that Mary also lived in Ephesus with John.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "A Prisoner of Birth", "paragraph_text": "A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's \"The Count of Monte Cristo\". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well", "paragraph_text": "Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well is an oil painting by Italian artist Carlo Maratta, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It shows the story of Abraham's servant Eliezer giving Rebecca jewels to seal her betrothal to Isaac, after she had demonstrated the kindness foreseen by Abraham in offering water to Eliezer's camels (Gen. 24:11-20).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Constance Marie", "paragraph_text": "Constance Marie Lopez (born September 9, 1965) known professionally as Constance Marie, is an American actress. She is known for her role as Angie Lopez in George Lopez (2002 -- 2007) and her role as Marcela Quintanilla (mother of Selena) in the 1997 film Selena. She portrayed Regina Vasquez in the ABC Family / Freeform drama series Switched at Birth (2011 -- 2017).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "Mary resided in \"her own house\"[Lk.1:56] in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal \u2014 the first stage of a Jewish marriage \u2014 the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mother of the promised Messiah by conceiving him through the Holy Spirit, and she responded, \"I am the handmaid of the Lord. Let it be done unto me according to your word.\" After a number of months, when Joseph was told of her conception in a dream by \"an angel of the Lord\", he planned to divorce her; but the angel told him to not hesitate to take her as his wife, which Joseph did, thereby formally completing the wedding rites.[Mt 1:18-25]", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the Tabernacle as recorded in the Old Testament. Some apocryphal accounts state that at the time of her betrothal to Joseph, Mary was 12\u201314 years old, and he was thirty years old, but such accounts are unreliable.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered by Queen Theodora in the 6th Century. According to William E. Phipps, in the book Survivals of Roman Religion \"Gordon Laing argues convincingly that the worship of Artemis as both virgin and mother at the grand Ephesian temple contributed to the veneration of Mary.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Trillian (character)", "paragraph_text": "Tricia Marie McMillan, also known as Trillian Astra, is a fictional character from Douglas Adams' series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. She is most commonly referred to simply as ``Trillian '', a modification of her birth name, which she adopted because it sounded more`` space - like''. According to the movie version, her middle name is Marie. Physically, she is described as ``a slim, darkish humanoid, with long waves of black hair, a full mouth, an odd little knob of a nose and ridiculously brown eyes, ''looking`` vaguely Arabic.''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Constance Marie", "paragraph_text": "Constance Marie Lopez (born September 9, 1965) known professionally as Constance Marie, is an American actress. She is known for her role as Angie Lopez on George Lopez (2002 -- 2007) and her role as Marcela Quintanilla (mother of Selena) in the 1997 film Selena. She portrayed Regina Vasquez on the ABC Family / Freeform drama Switched at Birth (2011 -- 2017).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Edward VIII", "paragraph_text": "Edward was born on 23 June 1894 at White Lodge, Richmond Park, on the outskirts of London during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria. He was the eldest son of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George V and Queen Mary). His father was the son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra). His mother was the eldest daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Teck (Francis and Mary Adelaide). At the time of his birth, he was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind his grandfather and father.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Ecce Ancilla Domini", "paragraph_text": "Ecce Ancilla Domini (Latin: \"Behold the handmaiden of the Lord\"), or The Annunciation, is an oil painting by the English artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti, first painted in 1850 and now in Tate Britain in London. The Latin title is a quotation from the Vulgate text of the first chapter of the Gospel of Saint Luke, describing the Annunciation, where Mary accepts the message brought to her by the Angel Gabriel that she would give birth to a child (Jesus) by God.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808\u20131877)", "paragraph_text": "Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (3 February 1808 in Weimar \u2013 18 January 1877 in Berlin) was a princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, by birth, and, by marriage, a princess of Prussia. She was the daughter of Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in the Eastern Church and their positioning within the liturgical sequence effectively places the Theotokos in the most prominent place after Christ. Within the Orthodox tradition, the order of the saints begins with: The Theotokos, Angels, Prophets, Apostles, Fathers, Martyrs, etc. giving the Virgin Mary precedence over the angels. She is also proclaimed as the \"Lady of the Angels\".", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where was Mary's betrothed born?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 13731, "question": "Who was Mary betrothed to?", "answer": "Joseph", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 801817, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Nazareth", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "Nazareth", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2296}
{"id": "2hop__865961_159109", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "ISO 3166-2:BT", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:BT is the entry for Bhutan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "ISO 3166-2:AL", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:AL is the entry for Albania in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "ISO 3166-2:JM", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:JM is the entry for Jamaica in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "ISO 3166-2:GA", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:GA is the entry for Gabon in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "ISO 3166-2:CH", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:CH is the entry for Switzerland in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "ISO 3166-2:IN", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:IN is the entry for India in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "ISO 3166-2:DM", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:DM is the entry for Dominica in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "ISO 3166-2:AD", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:AD is the entry for Andorra in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "ISO 3166-2:JP", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:JP is the entry for Japan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g.provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "ISO 3166-2:KM", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:KM is the entry for the Comoros in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "ISO 3166-2:BN", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:BN is the entry for Brunei in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Cape Verde", "paragraph_text": "Cape Verde ( (listen)) or Cabo Verde ( (listen), ) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [\u02c8kabu \u02c8ve\u027ed\u0268]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient times these islands were referred to as \"the Islands of the Blessed\" or the \"Fortunate Isles\". Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "ISO 3166-2:BY", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:BY is the entry for Belarus in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "ISO 3166-2:CV", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:CV is the entry for Cabo Verde in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "ISO 3166-2:AI", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:AI is the entry for Anguilla in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "ISO 3166-2:GR", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:GR is the entry for Greece in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "ISO 3166-2:BE", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:BE is the entry for Belgium in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g. provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "ISO 3166-2:GN", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:GN is the entry for Guinea in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "ISO 3166-2:BR", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:BR is the entry for Brazil in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g. provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "ISO 3166-2:HU", "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:HU is the entry for Hungary in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where is the country with ISO code ISO 3166-2:CV located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 865961, "question": "ISO 3166-2:CV >> country", "answer": "Cabo Verde", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 159109, "question": "Where is #1 located?", "answer": "central Atlantic Ocean", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}], "answer": "central Atlantic Ocean", "answer_aliases": ["Atlantic Ocean", "Atlantic"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1490}
{"id": "2hop__728887_159109", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tourism in Nepal", "paragraph_text": "Mount Everest, the highest mountain peak in the world, is located in Nepal. Mountaineering and other types of adventure tourism and ecotourism are important attractions for visitors. The world heritage site Lumbini, birthplace of Gautama Buddha, is located in the south of the West region of Nepal (which despite the name is located in the centre of the country) and there are other important religious pilgrimage sites throughout the country. The tourist industry is seen as a way to alleviate poverty and achieve greater social equity in the country. Tourism brings $471 ma year to Nepal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Republic of the Congo", "paragraph_text": "The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "WCNL", "paragraph_text": "WCNL is an AM radio station located at 1010 on the AM dial, licensed to Newport, New Hampshire. It was Newport's first radio station. The studios are located on Main Street in Newport, and its on-air slogan is \"Country 1010 WCNL-AM\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sunset Ridge Country Club", "paragraph_text": "Sunset Ridge Country Club is a private country club located in Cook County, just outside the city limits of Northfield, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "RTC (Cape Verde)", "paragraph_text": "The station also broadcasts news, sports, television shows and recently broadcasts football or soccer coverages from Portugal and also from Brazil as well as Latin America but rarely around the world. The radio channel is branded as RCV, originally broadcast during the later part of the day and the evening in its early years and then most of the day and the evening, now it is a 24-hour radio station. The TV channel is branded as TCV and it is also available in Portugal in the principal cable and IPTV platforms as a premium channel under the name TCV Internacional. As of the late 2000s, TCV broadcast from noon to midnight. The first and only youth radion station is known as RCV+, Radio Cabo Verde Jovem which broadcasts from 7 AM until 10 PM.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Royal Oaks Country Club", "paragraph_text": "Royal Oaks Country Club is a country club and subdivision in Houston, Texas, United States in the Alief community. The country club is located at 2910 Royal Oaks Club Drive, west of The Galleria. Sunrise Colony Company developed Royal Oaks out of the former Andrau Airpark property.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Human Development Index", "paragraph_text": "A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent \"low development\". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the \"medium development\" group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Subway (restaurant)", "paragraph_text": "As of June 2017, Subway has approximately 45,000 stores located in 112 countries. These locations are largely concentrated in North America, with about 26,400 in the United States (plus about 3,300 in Canada and 1,000 in Mexico). Outside North America, the countries with the most locations are Australia (approximately 1,400), Brazil (approximately 2,200) and the United Kingdom (approximately 2,300).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hakauata", "paragraph_text": "Hakauata is an island in Tonga. It is located within the Ha'apai Group in the center of the country, to northeast of the national capital of Nukualofa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Radisson Hotels", "paragraph_text": "Radisson is an international hotel company and a subsidiary of the Radisson Hotel Group. It operates the brands Radisson, Radisson Blu, Radisson Red, Country Inns and Suites by Radisson and Park Inn by Radisson with more than 990 locations in 73 countries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Subway (restaurant)", "paragraph_text": "As of June 2017, Subway has approximately 44,000 stores worldwide, all independently owned. located in 112 countries. These locations are largely concentrated in North America, with about 26,400 in the United States (plus about 3,300 in Canada and 1,000 in Mexico), which is almost as many U.S. locations as McDonald's and Starbucks combined. Outside North America, the countries with the most locations are Australia (approximately 1,400), Brazil (approximately 2,200) and the United Kingdom (approximately 2,300).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Cape Verde", "paragraph_text": "Cape Verde ( (listen)) or Cabo Verde ( (listen), ) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [\u02c8kabu \u02c8ve\u027ed\u0268]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient times these islands were referred to as \"the Islands of the Blessed\" or the \"Fortunate Isles\". Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Reduced level", "paragraph_text": "The most common and convenient datum which is internationally accepted is mean sea level. Countries take their nearby sea levels as datum planes for calculations of Reduced levels. For example, Pakistan takes sea near Karachi as its datum while India takes sea near Mumbai as its datum for calculation of Reduced levels of different places in their respective countries. The term Reduced Level is denoted shortly by 'RL'. National survey departments of each country determines RL's of significantly important locations or points. These points are called as permanent benchmarks and this survey process is known as Great Trigonometrical Surveying (GTS). The permanent bench marks act as reference points for determining RL's of other locations in a particular country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Anto\u00f1ana", "paragraph_text": "Anto\u00f1ana is a town located in the Campezo/Kanpezu municipality, \u00c1lava (Araba) Province, in the Basque Country autonomous community, northern Spain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Cascade City", "paragraph_text": "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada\u2013United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Larraul", "paragraph_text": "Larraul is a town and municipality located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Broward Correctional Institution", "paragraph_text": "The Broward Correctional Institution (BCI) was a correctional facility located in the former Country Estates CDP and in Southwest Ranches, Florida, operated by the Florida Department of Corrections. The Region IV Correctional Facility Office is located on the grounds of Broward Correctional Institution in the former Country Estates CDP. The prison was in proximity to Pembroke Pines. It was located along Sheridan Street, near U.S. Route 27.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Bedia, Spain", "paragraph_text": "Bedia is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Czech Academy of Sciences", "paragraph_text": "The Head Office of the Academy and forty research institutes are located in Prague, the remaining institutes being situated throughout the country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Fatumanongi", "paragraph_text": "Fatumanongi is an island in Tonga. It is located within the Ha'apai Group in the centre of the country, to the northeast of the national capital of Nukualofa.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where is Assomada located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 728887, "question": "Assomada >> country", "answer": "Cabo Verde", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 159109, "question": "Where is #1 located?", "answer": "central Atlantic Ocean", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}], "answer": "central Atlantic Ocean", "answer_aliases": ["Atlantic Ocean", "Atlantic"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1461}
{"id": "2hop__827995_159109", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Charlotte Douglas International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Douglas International Airport (IATA: CLT, ICAO: KCLT, FAA LID: CLT) is a joint civil - military public international airport located in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. Established in 1935 as Charlotte Municipal Airport, in 1954 the airport was renamed Douglas Municipal Airport after former Charlotte mayor Ben Elbert Douglas Sr., who had overseen the airport's construction. The airport gained its current name in 1982 and, as of September 2017, it is the second largest hub for American Airlines after Dallas / Fort Worth International Airport, with service to 161 domestic and international destinations. As of 2016 it was the 11th busiest airport in the United States, ranked by passenger traffic and 6th by aircraft movements. It was also the 7th busiest airport in the world ranked by aircraft movements However, Charlotte is the largest airport in the United States without any nonstop service to Asia, and it only ranks 19th by international passenger traffic. The airport serves as a major gateway to the Caribbean Islands. CLT covers 5,558 acres (2,249 ha) of land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Eastar Jet", "paragraph_text": "Eastar Jet (ESR) () is a low-cost airline with its headquarters in Banghwa-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, South Korea. On January 7, 2009, Eastar Jet made its maiden flight from Gimpo International Airport to Jeju International Airport. Now, the airline operates a scheduled passenger network to 14 destinations in eight countries. Its main base is Gimpo International Airport, with a hub at Jeju International Airport.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Heraklion International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Heraklion International Airport \"Nikos Kazantzakis\" is the primary airport on the island of Crete, Greece, and the country's second busiest airport after Athens International Airport. It is located about 5\u00a0km east of the main city centre of Heraklion, near the municipality of Nea Alikarnassos. It is a shared civil/military facility. The airport is named after Heraklion native Nikos Kazantzakis, a Greek writer and philosopher. Nikos Kazantzakis Airport is Crete's main and busiest airport, serving Heraklion (\u0397\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf), Aghios Nikolaos (\u0386\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2), Malia (M\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1), Hersonissos (\u03a7\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2), Stalida (\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1), Elounda (\u0395\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1) and other resorts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Siaogang District", "paragraph_text": "Siaogang District () is the southernmost district of Kaohsiung City in southern Taiwan. The second largest airport in Taiwan, Kaohsiung International Airport, is located here.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Kuala Lumpur International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) (Malay: Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur) (IATA: KUL, ICAO: WMKK) is Malaysia's main international airport and one of the major airports in South East Asia. It is located in Sepang district of Selangor, approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Kuala Lumpur city centre and serves the Greater Klang Valley conurbation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport", "paragraph_text": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport (IATA: ARN, ICAO: ESSA), is an international airport located in the Sigtuna Municipality of Sweden, near the town of M\u00e4rsta, 37 kilometres (23 mi) north of Stockholm and nearly 40 kilometres (25 mi) south - east of Uppsala. The airport is located within Stockholm County and the province of Uppland. It is the largest airport in Sweden and the third - largest airport in the Nordic countries. The airport is the major gateway to international air travel for large parts of Sweden. Arlanda Airport was used by close to 27 million passengers in 2017, with 21.2 million international passengers and 5.5 million domestic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Los Cabos International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Los Cabos International Airport (IATA: SJD, ICAO: MMSD) is the sixth - busiest airport in Mexico, located at San Jos\u00e9 del Cabo in Los Cabos Municipality, Baja California Sur state, Mexico.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of airports in Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "Nigeria has 30 airports and 26 of the airports are operated by the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), five of which are functional international airports. It also has a state owned airport located in Akwa Ibom State. In addition, there are airstrips or airfields scattered around the country, built mainly by the Nigerian Air Force and multinational oil companies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hong Kong International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Hong Kong International Airport (IATA: HKG, ICAO: VHHH) is the main airport in Hong Kong. It is located on the island of Chek Lap Kok, which largely comprises land reclaimed for the construction of the airport itself. The airport is also colloquially known as Chek Lap Kok Airport (\u8d64\u9c72\u89d2\u6a5f\u5834), to distinguish it from its predecessor, the closed Kai Tak Airport.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ioannina National Airport", "paragraph_text": "Ioannina International Airport () is an airport located four kilometers from the city center of Ioannina, Greece. Its full name is Ioannina International Airport - King Pyrrhus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Guinea-Bissau", "paragraph_text": "An armed rebellion beginning in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) under the leadership of Am\u00edlcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on then Portuguese Guinea. Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies, the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory, aided by the jungle-like terrain, its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies, and large quantities of arms from Cuba, China, the Soviet Union, and left-leaning African countries. Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors, and technicians. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack. By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "The second-largest commercial airport is William P. Hobby Airport (named Houston International Airport until 1967) which operates primarily short- to medium-haul domestic flights. However, in 2015 Southwest Airlines launched service from a new international terminal at Hobby airport to several destinations in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. These were the first international flights flown from Hobby since 1969. Houston's aviation history is showcased in the 1940 Air Terminal Museum located in the old terminal building on the west side of the airport. Hobby Airport has been recognized with two awards for being one of the top five performing airports in the world and for customer service by Airports Council International.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Put-in-Bay Airport", "paragraph_text": "Put-in-Bay Airport is a public airport located in Put-in-Bay on South Bass Island in Ottawa County, Ohio, United States. The approach to Runway 21 is complicated by Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial, which is almost exactly in line with the runway. The airport is located in the center of the southern half of the island.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "Israel is served by two international airports, Ben Gurion International Airport, the country's main hub for international air travel near Tel Aviv-Yafo, Ovda Airport in the south, as well as several small domestic airports. Ben Gurion, Israel's largest airport, handled over 12.1 million passengers in 2010. On the Mediterranean coast, Haifa Port is the country's oldest and largest port, while Ashdod Port is one of the few deep water ports in the world built on the open sea. In addition to these, the smaller Port of Eilat is situated on the Red Sea, and is used mainly for trading with Far East countries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Suceava International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Suceava \u0218tefan cel Mare International Airport () is an airport serving the city of Suceava, Romania. It is located in Salcea, east of Suceava, and west of Boto\u0219ani. The airport is named in honour of the Prince of Moldavia Stephen the Great.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Shiraz International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Shiraz Shahid Dastgheib International Airport () is an international airport located in Shiraz, Iran that is the main international airport of Fars province and southern region of Iran.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Calicut International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Calicut International Airport , also known as Karipur Airport, is an international airport serving the cities of Kozhikode and Malappuram in Kerala, India. The airport opened on 13 April 1988. It is located in Karipur, about from Kozhikode and from Malappuram. The airport serves as an operating base for Air India Express. It was the twelfth-busiest airport in India in terms of overall passenger traffic. It is the third-busiest airport in Kerala after Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram. It was given international airport status on 2 February 2006.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Cape Verde", "paragraph_text": "Cape Verde ( (listen)) or Cabo Verde ( (listen), ) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [\u02c8kabu \u02c8ve\u027ed\u0268]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient times these islands were referred to as \"the Islands of the Blessed\" or the \"Fortunate Isles\". Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Pattaya", "paragraph_text": "Pattaya is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) by road from Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK), the country's largest international airport. By road, it is accessed from Sukhumvit Road and Motorway 7 from Bangkok. Pattaya is also served by scheduled flights via U-Tapao International Airport (UTP) which is 45 minute drive south of the city.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Am\u00edlcar Cabral International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Am\u00edlcar Cabral International Airport , also known as Sal International Airport, is the main international airport of Cabo Verde. The airport is named after the revolutionary leader Am\u00edlcar Cabral. It is located two km west-southwest from Espargos on Sal Island. Sal was the main hub for the national airline, TACV; now it serves as a base for carrier Cabo Verde Express. This airport was also one of NASA's locations for a facility to handle the Space Shuttle after reentering from orbit.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Where is Am\u00edlcar Cabral International Airport?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 827995, "question": "Am\u00edlcar Cabral International Airport >> country", "answer": "Cabo Verde", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 159109, "question": "Where is #1 located?", "answer": "central Atlantic Ocean", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "central Atlantic Ocean", "answer_aliases": ["Atlantic Ocean", "Atlantic"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2106}
{"id": "2hop__159215_779396", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Quinton Township School District", "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"A\", the lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Thomas Coutts", "paragraph_text": "He was the fourth son of John Coutts (1699\u20131751), who carried on business in Edinburgh as a corn factor and negotiator of bills of exchange, and who in 1742 was elected lord provost of the city. The family was originally of Montrose, but about 1696 one of its members had settled at Edinburgh, where in due course Thomas received his education at the Royal High School. Soon after the death of John Coutts the business was divided into two branches, one carried on in Edinburgh, the other in London.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Richard Cory-Wright", "paragraph_text": "Richard Cory-Wright was educated at Eton College. He graduated with a BSc degree from Birmingham University in 1965. Richard Cory-Wright gained the rank of Lieutenant in the Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ernest Barnes", "paragraph_text": "He was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was Master of the Temple from 1915 to 1919. He was made Bishop of Birmingham in 1924, the only bishop appointed during Ramsay MacDonald's first term in office. His modernist views, in particular objection to Reservation, led to conflict with the Anglo-Catholics in his diocese. A biography by his son, Sir John Barnes, \"Ahead of His Age: Bishop Barnes of Birmingham\", was published in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sea Girt School District", "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"I\", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Riot on Sunset Strip", "paragraph_text": "Riot on Sunset Strip is a 1967 counterculture-era exploitation movie, released by American International Pictures. It was filmed and released within four months of the late-1966 Sunset Strip curfew riots.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Education", "paragraph_text": "Intelligence is an important factor in how the individual responds to education. Those who have higher intelligence tend to perform better at school and go on to higher levels of education. This effect is also observable in the opposite direction, in that education increases measurable intelligence. Studies have shown that while educational attainment is important in predicting intelligence in later life, intelligence at 53 is more closely correlated to intelligence at 8 years old than to educational attainment.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Out of the Ashes (book)", "paragraph_text": "Out of the Ashes: Britain After the Riots is a 2011 book by the British Labour Party politician David Lammy about the 2011 England riots.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Priestley Riots", "paragraph_text": "While the riots were not initiated by Prime Minister William Pitt's administration, the national government was slow to respond to the Dissenters' pleas for help. Local Birmingham officials seem to have been involved in the planning of the riots, and they were later reluctant to prosecute any ringleaders. Industrialist James Watt wrote that the riots \"divided [Birmingham] into two parties who hate one another mortally\". Those who had been attacked gradually left, leaving Birmingham a more conservative city than it had been throughout the eighteenth century.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Green Brook School District", "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"GH\", the third-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Collingswood Public Schools", "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"FG\", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Butler Public Schools", "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"DE\", the fifth-highest of eight groups. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "North Arlington School District", "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"DE\", the fifth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "North Bergen School District", "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"B\", the second-lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "James Watt", "paragraph_text": "While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Woodcliff Lake Public Schools", "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"J\", the-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Delta Factor (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Delta Factor is a 1970 American Adventure film, co-produced and directed by Tay Garnett who co-wrote the screenplay with Raoul Walsh. It stars Christopher George and Yvette Mimieux. The film is based on the 1967 novel by Mickey Spillane.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Keyport Public Schools", "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"CD\", the sixth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Department of Higher Education and Training", "paragraph_text": "The Department of Higher Education and Training is one of the departments of the South African government. It oversees universities and other post-secondary education in South Africa. It was created in 2009 after the election of President Jacob Zuma, when the former Department of Education was divided.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Ho-Ho-Kus School District", "paragraph_text": "The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"J\", the highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where was the person who wrote about the rioting being a dividing factor in Birmingham educated?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 159215, "question": "Who wrote about the rioting being a dividing factor within Birmingham?", "answer": "James Watt", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 779396, "question": "#1 >> educated at", "answer": "University of Glasgow", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "University of Glasgow", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1469}
{"id": "2hop__119423_779396", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College", "paragraph_text": "Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College (MSEC) (Tamil:\u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9c\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bbf) is an engineering college in Kodambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and it is founded in 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Institute of technology", "paragraph_text": "University of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are the recognized universities that grant Bachelor's and master's degrees in undergraduate and graduate studies respectively. The Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are 4 years full-time program after finishing 13 years of education (international high school certificate) in Pakistan known as F.Sc equivalent to British system A-Level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Callcott Reilly", "paragraph_text": "Callcott Reilly (28 October 1828 \u2013 21 May 1900) was a British civil and construction engineer. He is noted for his work on uniform stress, as illustrated by reference to bridge building, for which the Institution of Civil Engineers awarded him the Telford Medal in 1865. He played a prominent role in promoting the professional education of engineers and in 1871 became the first Professor of Engineering Construction at the newly formed Royal Indian Engineering College (RIEC) located at Coopers Hill near Englefield Green.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "2018 French Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "Pos. No. Driver Constructor Laps Time / Retired Grid Points 44 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes 53 1: 30: 11.385 25 33 Max Verstappen Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer 53 + 7.090 18 7 Kimi R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen Ferrari 53 + 25.888 6 15 Daniel Ricciardo Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer 53 + 34.736 5 12 5 5 Sebastian Vettel Ferrari 53 + 1: 01.935 10 6 20 Kevin Magnussen Haas - Ferrari 53 + 1: 19.364 9 8 7 77 Valtteri Bottas Mercedes 53 + 1: 20.632 6 8 55 Carlos Sainz Jr. Renault 53 + 1: 27.184 7 9 27 Nico H\u00fclkenberg Renault 53 + 1: 31.989 12 10 16 Charles Leclerc Sauber - Ferrari 53 + 1: 33.873 8 11 8 Romain Grosjean Haas - Ferrari 52 + 1 lap 10 12 Stoffel Vandoorne McLaren - Renault 52 + 1 lap 17 13 9 Marcus Ericsson Sauber - Ferrari 52 + 1 lap 15 14 28 Brendon Hartley Scuderia Toro Rosso - Honda 52 + 1 lap 20 15 35 Sergey Sirotkin Williams - Mercedes 52 + 1 lap 18 16 14 Fernando Alonso McLaren - Renault 50 Suspension 16 17 18 Lance Stroll Williams - Mercedes 48 Puncture 19 Ret 11 Sergio P\u00e9rez Force India - Mercedes 27 Engine 13 Ret 31 Esteban Ocon Force India - Mercedes 0 Collision 11 Ret 10 Pierre Gasly Scuderia Toro Rosso - Honda 0 Collision 14 Source:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University", "paragraph_text": "Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, () commonly called only \"Azarbaijan University\", is a state university located near Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, founded in 1987. The university provides both undergraduate and graduate education to approximately 7.500 students at a wide range of fields including engineering, basic sciences, literature and theology. The university has got Research Gate's total impact point of 1716.47 from 61 publications, according to the latest statistics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Malaviya Regional Engineering College", "paragraph_text": "Malaviya Regional Engineering College, Jaipur is one of thirteen premium engineering colleges in India that came up with five Indian Institute of Technology to promote quality technical education in India. In 2002, it was renamed to Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Thiruvalluvar College of Engineering and Technology", "paragraph_text": "Thiruvalluvar College of Engineering and Technology or popularly known as TCET, located in Vandavasi, Tamil Nadu, India is a private educational institution in India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1963 Mexican Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "Jim Clark dominated the race from pole position, a time that was 1.7 seconds faster than anybody else. Mexico was considered one of his most successful venues. His fastest lap of the race eclipsed his pole time by 0.7 seconds, and he lapped the entire field except for second and third behind him. He would eventually score a total of five pole positions, four fastest laps and three victories at the venue in his Formula One career. This was also his sixth win, his sixth fastest lap, and his sixth pole position of the nine races completed in 1963.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2017 Qatar motorcycle Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "2017 Qatar Grand Prix Race details Race 1 of 18 races in the 2017 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season Date 26 March 2017 Official name Grand Prix of Qatar Location Losail International Circuit, Doha, Qatar Course Permanent racing facility 5.380 km (3.343 mi) MotoGP Pole position Rider Maverick Vi\u00f1ales Yamaha Time 1: 54.316 Fastest lap Rider Johann Zarco Yamaha Time 1: 55.990 on lap 4 Podium First Maverick Vi\u00f1ales Yamaha Second Andrea Dovizioso Ducati Third Valentino Rossi Yamaha Moto2 Pole position Rider Franco Morbidelli Kalex Time 2: 00.349 Fastest lap Rider Franco Morbidelli Kalex Time 2: 00.087 on lap 6 Podium First Franco Morbidelli Kalex Second Thomas L\u00fcthi Kalex Third Takaaki Nakagami Kalex Moto3 Pole position Rider Jorge Mart\u00edn Honda Time 2: 06.817 Fastest lap Rider Fabio Di Giannantonio Honda Time 2: 06.860 on lap 5 Podium First Joan Mir Honda Second John McPhee Honda Third Jorge Mart\u00edn Honda", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Archibald Barr", "paragraph_text": "Archibald was born in Glenfield House in Abbey, near Paisley, the third son of Archibald Barr, a yarn merchant, and Jeanie Stirrat, Barr was educated at Paisley Grammar School and apprenticed as an engineer to A F Craig & Co in Paisley before attending University of Glasgow to study engineering.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Marvin R. Sambur", "paragraph_text": "Sambur was educated at the City College of New York, receiving his B.S. in electrical engineering in 1968. He then joined the technical staff of Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, while continuing his education. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969 and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from MIT in 1972.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Hans Albert Einstein", "paragraph_text": "Hans Albert Einstein ( ; May 14, 1904 \u2013 July 26, 1973) was a Swiss-American engineer and educator, the second child and first son of Albert Einstein and Mileva Mari\u0107. Hans A. Einstein was a long-time professor of Hydraulic Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "J. David Irwin", "paragraph_text": "J. David Irwin (born August 9, 1939 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American engineering educator and author of popular textbooks in electrical engineering and related areas. He is the Earle C. Williams Eminent Scholar and former Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Head at Auburn University. Irwin is one of the longest serving Department Heads of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) in the world, having been appointed to lead the (then Electrical Engineering) Department at Auburn in 1973. He had also served as President of the ECE honor society Eta Kappa Nu; President of the US National Electrical Engineering Department Head Association; and President of two IEEE technical societies, on Industrial Electronics and on Education.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Andr\u00e9 Milhoux", "paragraph_text": "Andr\u00e9 Milhoux (born 9 December 1928) is a former racing driver from Belgium. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1956 German Grand Prix on 5 August 1956, however he had to retire after 15 laps due to an engine failure. He scored no championship points.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Lap Engine", "paragraph_text": "The Lap Engine is a beam engine designed by James Watt, built by Boulton and Watt in 1788. It is now preserved at the Science Museum, London.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "2018 Indianapolis 500", "paragraph_text": "On a restart on 194, Oriol Servi\u00e0, Stefan Wilson, and Jack Harvey were all attempting to stretch their fuel to the finish, gambling on a late caution, and a possible surprise victory. However, with four laps to go, both Wilson and Harvey were forced to pit for fuel, as was Servi\u00e0 a lap later. Will Power took the lead and cruised to victory, having led 59 laps. Polesitter Ed Carpenter led 65 laps and finished second, his best - career Indy finish. 2016 winner Alexander Rossi had an outstanding charge from 32nd to 4th, leading one lap during the race. Power became the first driver to win both the IndyCar Grand Prix and the Indianapolis 500, as well as the first driver to sweep both in the same year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "James Watt", "paragraph_text": "While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Eric Penn", "paragraph_text": "Eric Penn was the eldest son of William Penn, a cricketer and a businessman who ran the family engineering company of John Penn and Sons founded by his own father, John Penn, which was based in Greenwich, London. Eric Penn was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College, Cambridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Injured Engine", "paragraph_text": "Injured Engine is a 1984 puzzle game released for the Commodore 64 by Imagic. The player must diagnose problems in a simulated automobile engine; the game aims to teach how engines work and how engine parts related to each other. It was created by an auto mechanic and a graphic artist. Imagic demonstrated it at the 1984 Consumer Electronics Show. Imagic designed it as part of an educational series that includes \"Microsurgeon\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Richard H. Rice", "paragraph_text": "Richard Henry Rice (1863\u20131922) was an American mechanical engineer and inventor who is known for many patents related to improvements to the Corliss steam engine, and his partnership in founding the Rice & Sargent Engine Company of Providence, Rhode Island.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where was the designer of the Lap Engine educated?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 119423, "question": "Who found Lap Engine?", "answer": "James Watt", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 779396, "question": "#1 >> educated at", "answer": "University of Glasgow", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "University of Glasgow", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2007}
{"id": "2hop__115515_779396", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hatz", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1880 by Mathias Hatz, the company began to build engines in 1904. In 1910, Hatz began to produce hot bulb engines for stationary use. Based on that engine, the first Hatz water-cooled diesel engine, the H-series, was developed (max. power: 6\u00a0kW; engine speed: 500 rpm; weight: 430\u00a0kg). Three years later, a new plant was built at the present location and Hatz started to export engines to South America. In 1936, a two stroke engine with horizontal cylinder layout, the L2, which was especially intended for the use by the construction industry (max. power: 8\u00a0kW; engine speed: 1100 rpm; weight: 360\u00a0kg) was developed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades", "paragraph_text": "Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades, also referred to as PSAT, is a government institution of technical vocation education and training higher learning located in Alvear Street, Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippines. PSAT is duly registered by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority. All PSAT programs are accredited by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "University of Notre Dame", "paragraph_text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854\u20131855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lap Engine", "paragraph_text": "The Lap Engine is a beam engine designed by James Watt, built by Boulton and Watt in 1788. It is now preserved at the Science Museum, London.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "J. David Irwin", "paragraph_text": "J. David Irwin (born August 9, 1939 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American engineering educator and author of popular textbooks in electrical engineering and related areas. He is the Earle C. Williams Eminent Scholar and former Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Head at Auburn University. Irwin is one of the longest serving Department Heads of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) in the world, having been appointed to lead the (then Electrical Engineering) Department at Auburn in 1973. He had also served as President of the ECE honor society Eta Kappa Nu; President of the US National Electrical Engineering Department Head Association; and President of two IEEE technical societies, on Industrial Electronics and on Education.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Andr\u00e9 Milhoux", "paragraph_text": "Andr\u00e9 Milhoux (born 9 December 1928) is a former racing driver from Belgium. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1956 German Grand Prix on 5 August 1956, however he had to retire after 15 laps due to an engine failure. He scored no championship points.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Systems development life cycle", "paragraph_text": "The systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life - cycle, is a term used in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering to describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. The systems development lifecycle concept applies to a range of hardware and software configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination of both.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "2018 French Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "Pos. No. Driver Constructor Laps Time / Retired Grid Points 44 Lewis Hamilton Mercedes 53 1: 30: 11.385 25 33 Max Verstappen Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer 53 + 7.090 18 7 Kimi R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen Ferrari 53 + 25.888 6 15 Daniel Ricciardo Red Bull Racing - TAG Heuer 53 + 34.736 5 12 5 5 Sebastian Vettel Ferrari 53 + 1: 01.935 10 6 20 Kevin Magnussen Haas - Ferrari 53 + 1: 19.364 9 8 7 77 Valtteri Bottas Mercedes 53 + 1: 20.632 6 8 55 Carlos Sainz Jr. Renault 53 + 1: 27.184 7 9 27 Nico H\u00fclkenberg Renault 53 + 1: 31.989 12 10 16 Charles Leclerc Sauber - Ferrari 53 + 1: 33.873 8 11 8 Romain Grosjean Haas - Ferrari 52 + 1 lap 10 12 Stoffel Vandoorne McLaren - Renault 52 + 1 lap 17 13 9 Marcus Ericsson Sauber - Ferrari 52 + 1 lap 15 14 28 Brendon Hartley Scuderia Toro Rosso - Honda 52 + 1 lap 20 15 35 Sergey Sirotkin Williams - Mercedes 52 + 1 lap 18 16 14 Fernando Alonso McLaren - Renault 50 Suspension 16 17 18 Lance Stroll Williams - Mercedes 48 Puncture 19 Ret 11 Sergio P\u00e9rez Force India - Mercedes 27 Engine 13 Ret 31 Esteban Ocon Force India - Mercedes 0 Collision 11 Ret 10 Pierre Gasly Scuderia Toro Rosso - Honda 0 Collision 14 Source:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Thomas Karsten", "paragraph_text": "Raised in a well-educated family, young Thomas Karsten developed progressive and liberal ideas. His father was a professor in philosophy and a university vice-chancellor, while his sister was the first woman in the Netherlands to study chemistry. Thomas Karsten enrolled at the Delft Polytechnische School (precursor of the Delft University of Technology) in the Netherlands and initially studied mechanical engineering, before changing to structural engineering following major institutional reforms to the school. Karsten was not among the leaders in his study, but he graduated from a faculty that had only produced between 3 and 10 graduates until 1920.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Malaviya Regional Engineering College", "paragraph_text": "Malaviya Regional Engineering College, Jaipur is one of thirteen premium engineering colleges in India that came up with five Indian Institute of Technology to promote quality technical education in India. In 2002, it was renamed to Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Institute of technology", "paragraph_text": "University of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are the recognized universities that grant Bachelor's and master's degrees in undergraduate and graduate studies respectively. The Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are 4 years full-time program after finishing 13 years of education (international high school certificate) in Pakistan known as F.Sc equivalent to British system A-Level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Injured Engine", "paragraph_text": "Injured Engine is a 1984 puzzle game released for the Commodore 64 by Imagic. The player must diagnose problems in a simulated automobile engine; the game aims to teach how engines work and how engine parts related to each other. It was created by an auto mechanic and a graphic artist. Imagic demonstrated it at the 1984 Consumer Electronics Show. Imagic designed it as part of an educational series that includes \"Microsurgeon\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "2018 Indianapolis 500", "paragraph_text": "On a restart on 194, Oriol Servi\u00e0, Stefan Wilson, and Jack Harvey were all attempting to stretch their fuel to the finish, gambling on a late caution, and a possible surprise victory. However, with four laps to go, both Wilson and Harvey were forced to pit for fuel, as was Servi\u00e0 a lap later. Will Power took the lead and cruised to victory, having led 59 laps. Polesitter Ed Carpenter led 65 laps and finished second, his best - career Indy finish. 2016 winner Alexander Rossi had an outstanding charge from 32nd to 4th, leading one lap during the race. Power became the first driver to win both the IndyCar Grand Prix and the Indianapolis 500, as well as the first driver to sweep both in the same year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Marvin R. Sambur", "paragraph_text": "Sambur was educated at the City College of New York, receiving his B.S. in electrical engineering in 1968. He then joined the technical staff of Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, while continuing his education. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969 and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from MIT in 1972.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Continental O-470", "paragraph_text": "The Continental O-470 engine is a family of carbureted and fuel-injected six-cylinder, horizontally opposed, air-cooled aircraft engines that was developed especially for use in light aircraft by Continental Motors. Engines designated \"IO\" are fuel-injected.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Thiruvalluvar College of Engineering and Technology", "paragraph_text": "Thiruvalluvar College of Engineering and Technology or popularly known as TCET, located in Vandavasi, Tamil Nadu, India is a private educational institution in India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "1963 Mexican Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "Jim Clark dominated the race from pole position, a time that was 1.7 seconds faster than anybody else. Mexico was considered one of his most successful venues. His fastest lap of the race eclipsed his pole time by 0.7 seconds, and he lapped the entire field except for second and third behind him. He would eventually score a total of five pole positions, four fastest laps and three victories at the venue in his Formula One career. This was also his sixth win, his sixth fastest lap, and his sixth pole position of the nine races completed in 1963.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "Namibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels. Grades 1\u20137 are primary level, grades 8\u201312 secondary. In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools. The pupil-teacher ratio in 1999 was estimated at 32:1, with about 8% of the GDP being spent on education. Curriculum development, educational research, and professional development of teachers is centrally organised by the National Institute for Educational Development (NIED) in Okahandja.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "James Watt", "paragraph_text": "While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "History of the internal combustion engine", "paragraph_text": "Various scientists and engineers contributed to the development of internal combustion engines. In 1791 2, John Barber developed a turbine. In 1794 Thomas Mead patented a gas engine. Also in 1794 Robert Street patented an internal combustion engine, which was also the first to use liquid fuel (gasoline), and built an engine around that time. In 1798, John Stevens designed the first American internal combustion engine. In 1807, French engineers Nic\u00e9phore (who went on to invent photography) and Claude Ni\u00e9pce ran a prototype internal combustion engine, using controlled dust explosions, the Pyr\u00e9olophore. This engine powered a boat on the Sa\u00f4ne river, France. The same year, the Swiss engineer Fran\u00e7ois Isaac de Rivaz built an internal combustion engine ignited by electric spark. In 1823, Samuel Brown patented the first internal combustion engine to be applied industrially.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where was the creator of the Lap Engine educated?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 115515, "question": "Who developed Lap Engine?", "answer": "James Watt", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 779396, "question": "#1 >> educated at", "answer": "University of Glasgow", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "University of Glasgow", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2338}
{"id": "2hop__665660_135481", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ural State Academy of Architecture and Arts", "paragraph_text": "Urals Academy of Architecture (Ural State Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture; , often abbreviated USAAA or in Russian \u0423\u0440\u0413\u0410\u0425\u0410) is situated in Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. It was founded in 1947 as a department of architecture at the Ural State Technical University. Later, in 1967, it was reorganized and became a branch of the Moscow Institute of Architecture which later became an independent school of architecture originally named Sverdlovsk Institute of Architecture.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ru\u017eica Meglaj-Rimac", "paragraph_text": "Ru\u017eica Meglaj-Rimac (15 February 1941 \u2013 11 July 1996) was a former Yugoslav and Croatian basketball player born in Croatian-Slovenian family. The Ru\u017eica Meglaj-Rimac Cup is named after her.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Adidas Telstar 18", "paragraph_text": "The Adidas Telstar 18 was the official match ball of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which was held in the Russian Federation. It is designed by the company Adidas, a FIFA Partner and FIFA World Cup official match ball supplier since 1970, and based on the concept of the first Adidas's World Cup match ball.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Holmes Summit", "paragraph_text": "Holmes Summit is a peak rising to , the highest elevation in the Read Mountains of the Shackleton Range in Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy in 1967 and was surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey in the period 1968\u201371. In association with the names of geologists grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after Professor Arthur Holmes, after whom the Holmes Hills in Palmer Land were also named.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "History of Chelsea F.C.", "paragraph_text": "The 1963 -- 72 seasons saw Chelsea regularly challenge for honours for the first time, although they often narrowly missed out. The League Cup was won in 1965, the FA Cup in 1970 and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1971; they were also FA Cup runners - up in 1967 and League Cup runners - up in 1972. Several problems over the next decade, principally the debt burden caused by an ambitious attempt to redevelop Stamford Bridge, brought the club to the brink of extinction, before a revival under John Neal in the mid-1980s saw the club win the Second Division title and ultimately re-establish itself in the top flight.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dieter Koulmann", "paragraph_text": "Dieter Koulmann (4 December 1939 \u2013 26 July 1979) was a German footballer. He was part of the Bayern Munich team of the mid-1960s, winning the DFB-Pokal in 1966 and 1967, and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1967. He later had spells with Kickers Offenbach and MSV Duisburg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jos\u00e9 Antunes Sobrinho", "paragraph_text": "The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil. The name 'Bras\u00edlia' is commonly used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche; However, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of which is Bras\u00edlia proper, with a population of 209,926 in a 2011 survey; Demographic publications generally do not make this distinction and list the population of Bras\u00edlia as synonymous with the population of the Federal District, considering the whole of it as its metropolitan area. The city was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, Bras\u00edlia hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Norwegian Judo Federation", "paragraph_text": "The Norwegian Judo Federation ( - \"NJF\") is the national federation of judo in Norway. The chairman is Vibeke Thiblin (since 2009) and the deputy chairman is Harald Monsen. The Norwegian Judo Federation was founded in 1967.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consulted with respect to reconvening the House per the usual formulation of conditional concurrent adjournment resolutions; he or she is a traditional member of the House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission; and he or she may, after consultation with the Speaker, convene an early organizational party caucus or conference. Informally, the minority leader maintains ties with majority party leaders to learn about the schedule and other House matters and forges agreements or understandings with them insofar as feasible.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "St. Louis Blues", "paragraph_text": "The team is named after the famous W.C. Handy song ``Saint Louis Blues. ''The franchise was founded in 1967 as an expansion team during the league's 1967 NHL Expansion, which expanded the league from six teams to twelve. The Blues are the oldest active NHL team never to have won the Stanley Cup, although they played in the Stanley Cup Finals three times in 1968, 1969 and 1970.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Fed Cup", "paragraph_text": "Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995. The Fed Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current Fed Cup Chairperson is Katrina Adams.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "List of Chelsea F.C. managers", "paragraph_text": "Name Nat Tenure Honours Ted Drake England 1952 -- 1961 1955 First Division 1955 FA Charity Shield Tommy Docherty Scotland 1961 -- 1967 1965 Football League Cup Dave Sexton England 1967 -- 1974 1970 FA Cup 1971 European Cup Winners' Cup John Neal England 1981 -- 1985 1984 Second Division John Hollins England 1985 -- 1988 1986 Full Members Cup Bobby Campbell England 1988 -- 1991 1989 Second Division 1990 Full Members Cup Ruud Gullit Netherlands 1996 -- 1998 1997 FA Cup Gianluca Vialli Italy 1998 -- 2000 1998 Football League Cup 1998 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1998 UEFA Super Cup 2000 FA Cup 2000 FA Charity Shield Jos\u00e9 Mourinho Portugal 2004 -- 2007 2013 -- 2015 2005 Football League Cup 2005 Premier League 2005 FA Community Shield 2006 Premier League 2007 Football League Cup 2007 FA Cup 2015 Football League Cup 2015 Premier League Guus Hiddink Netherlands 2009 2015 -- 2016 2009 FA Cup Carlo Ancelotti Italy 2009 -- 2011 2009 FA Community Shield 2010 Premier League 2010 FA Cup Roberto Di Matteo Italy 2012 2012 FA Cup 2012 UEFA Champions League Rafael Ben\u00edtez Spain 2012 -- 2013 2013 UEFA Europa League Antonio Conte Italy 2016 -- 2018 2017 Premier League 2018 FA Cup", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Multiracial Americans", "paragraph_text": "Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading memories that many whites had multiracial ancestry. Many families were multiracial. Similar laws had been proposed but not passed in the late nineteenth century in South Carolina and Virginia, for instance. After regaining political power in Southern states by disenfranchising blacks, white Democrats passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation to restore white supremacy. They maintained these until forced to change in the 1960s and after by enforcement of federal legislation authorizing oversight of practices to protect the constitutional rights of African Americans and other minority citizens.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "2014 Thai League Cup", "paragraph_text": "The Thai League Cup is a knock-out football tournament played in Thai sport. Some games are played as a single match, others are played as two-legged contests. The 2014 Thai League Cup kicked off on 1 February 2014 with the Bangkok & field regional qualifiers. The Thai League Cup has been readmitted back into Thai football after a 10-year absence. The Thai League Cup is sponsored by Toyota thus naming it Toyota League Cup. The prize money for this prestigious award is said to be around 5 million baht and the runners-up will be netting 1 million baht.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "SS.11", "paragraph_text": "During the Arab-Israeli War of 1967, the Israeli Army was equipped with a large number of SS.11s supplied by France. SS.11 saw action in 1967 during Six-Day War, for instance during the battle of Abu-Ageila.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Memorial Day", "paragraph_text": "The preferred name for the holiday gradually changed from ``Decoration Day ''to`` Memorial Day,'' which was first used in 1882. Memorial Day did not become the more common name until after World War II, and was not declared the official name by Federal law until 1967. On June 28, 1968, Congress passed the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, which moved four holidays, including Memorial Day, from their traditional dates to a specified Monday in order to create a convenient three - day weekend. The change moved Memorial Day from its traditional May 30 date to the last Monday in May. The law took effect at the federal level in 1971. After some initial confusion and unwillingness to comply, all 50 states adopted Congress' change of date within a few years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "1967 Federation Cup (tennis)", "paragraph_text": "The 1967 Federation Cup was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. 17 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Blau-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin from 6\u201311 June. United States defended their title, defeating Great Britain in the final.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "1968 FA Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "1968 FA Cup Final Event 1967 -- 68 FA Cup West Bromwich Albion Everton 0 After extra time Date 18 May 1968 Venue Wembley Stadium, London Referee Leo Callaghan (Merthyr Tydfil) Attendance 100,000 \u2190 1967 1969 \u2192", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "United States men's national soccer team", "paragraph_text": "The United States men's national soccer team is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation and competes in the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football. The team has appeared in ten FIFA World Cups, including the first in 1930, where they reached the semi-finals. The U.S. participated in the 1934 and 1950 World Cups, winning 1 -- 0 against England in the latter. After 1950, the U.S. did not qualify for the World Cup until 1990. The U.S. hosted the 1994 World Cup, where they lost to Brazil in the round of sixteen. They qualified for five more consecutive World Cups after 1990 (for a total of seven straight appearances, a feat shared with only seven other nations), becoming one of the tournament's regular competitors and often advancing to the knockout stage. The U.S. reached the quarter - finals of the 2002 World Cup, where they lost to Germany. In the 2009 Confederations Cup, they eliminated top - ranked Spain in the semi-finals before losing to Brazil in the final, their only appearance in a final. The team failed to qualify for the 2018 World Cup, having been eliminated in continental qualifying, ending the streak of consecutive World Cups at seven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "California Golden Seals", "paragraph_text": "The California Golden Seals were a professional ice hockey club that competed in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1967 to 1976. Initially named the California Seals, the team was renamed the Oakland Seals partway through the 1967\u201368 season (on December 8, 1967) and then to the California Golden Seals in 1970, after two games as the Bay Area Seals. The Seals were one of six teams added to the league as part of the 1967 NHL expansion. Based in Oakland, California, they played their home games at the Oakland\u2013Alameda County Coliseum Arena. The Seals were never successful at the gate, qualifying for the postseason in only two of their nine seasons and failing to obtain a winning record in each, and eventually moved to Cleveland to become the Cleveland Barons in 1976. They are the only franchise from the 1967 expansion to not reach the Stanley Cup Finals.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "The 1967 Federation Cup is an instance of this tournament which is named after what organization?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 665660, "question": "1967 Federation Cup >> instance of", "answer": "Fed Cup", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}, {"id": 135481, "question": "What is #1 named after?", "answer": "International Tennis Federation", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "International Tennis Federation", "answer_aliases": ["ITF"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2299}
{"id": "2hop__201704_135481", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hilario L\u00f3pez", "paragraph_text": "Hilario L\u00f3pez Garc\u00eda (18 November 1907 \u2013 17 June 1965) was a Mexican football forward who made three appearances for the Mexico at the 1930 FIFA World Cup.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jos\u00e9 Antunes Sobrinho", "paragraph_text": "The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil. The name 'Bras\u00edlia' is commonly used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche; However, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of which is Bras\u00edlia proper, with a population of 209,926 in a 2011 survey; Demographic publications generally do not make this distinction and list the population of Bras\u00edlia as synonymous with the population of the Federal District, considering the whole of it as its metropolitan area. The city was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, Bras\u00edlia hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consulted with respect to reconvening the House per the usual formulation of conditional concurrent adjournment resolutions; he or she is a traditional member of the House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission; and he or she may, after consultation with the Speaker, convene an early organizational party caucus or conference. Informally, the minority leader maintains ties with majority party leaders to learn about the schedule and other House matters and forges agreements or understandings with them insofar as feasible.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Multiracial Americans", "paragraph_text": "Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading memories that many whites had multiracial ancestry. Many families were multiracial. Similar laws had been proposed but not passed in the late nineteenth century in South Carolina and Virginia, for instance. After regaining political power in Southern states by disenfranchising blacks, white Democrats passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation to restore white supremacy. They maintained these until forced to change in the 1960s and after by enforcement of federal legislation authorizing oversight of practices to protect the constitutional rights of African Americans and other minority citizens.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Equipe Matra Sports", "paragraph_text": "Matra Company's sports division under the name of Matra Sports, Equipe Matra Elf and Equipe Matra Sports (after a takeover by Simca in 1969 as Matra-Simca Division Automobile) was formed in 1965 and based at Champagne-sur-Seine (1965\u20131967), Romorantin-Lanthenay (1967\u20131969) and V\u00e9lizy-Villacoublay (1969\u20131979). In 1979 the sports division was taken over by Peugeot and renamed as Automobiles Talbot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Political status of Puerto Rico", "paragraph_text": "The political status of Puerto Rico is that of an unincorporated territory of the United States. As such, the island is neither a sovereign nation nor a U.S. state. Because of that ambiguity, the territory, as a polity, lacks certain rights but enjoys certain benefits that other polities have or lack. For instance, in contrast to sovereign nations, Puerto Rico does not have voting rights in its federal legislature nor in electing its federal head of government. But, in contrast to U.S. states, Puerto Ricans are not subject to federal income taxes. The political status of the island thus stems from how different Puerto Rico is politically from sovereign nations and from U.S. states.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Z\u00fcrich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "West Ham United F.C. in European football", "paragraph_text": "West Ham United Football Club is an English professional football club based in Stratford, Newham, East London. In 1965, they won the European Cup Winners Cup, and in 1999 the Intertoto Cup. They have also competed in the UEFA Cup and UEFA Europa League. Outside of major competitions, the club took part in the Anglo - Italian League Cup in 1975 -- 76, and the Anglo - Italian Cup in 1992 -- 93.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1965 Federation Cup (tennis)", "paragraph_text": "The 1965 Federation Cup was the third edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. Eleven nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club in Melbourne, Australia from 15\u201318 January. United States and Australia both reached the final for the third consecutive time, and Australia defended their title, defeating United States by winning both of their singles rubbers.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "2014 Thai League Cup", "paragraph_text": "The Thai League Cup is a knock-out football tournament played in Thai sport. Some games are played as a single match, others are played as two-legged contests. The 2014 Thai League Cup kicked off on 1 February 2014 with the Bangkok & field regional qualifiers. The Thai League Cup has been readmitted back into Thai football after a 10-year absence. The Thai League Cup is sponsored by Toyota thus naming it Toyota League Cup. The prize money for this prestigious award is said to be around 5 million baht and the runners-up will be netting 1 million baht.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "United States men's national soccer team", "paragraph_text": "The United States men's national soccer team is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation and competes in the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football. The team has appeared in ten FIFA World Cups, including the first in 1930, where they reached the semi-finals. The U.S. participated in the 1934 and 1950 World Cups, winning 1 -- 0 against England in the latter. After 1950, the U.S. did not qualify for the World Cup until 1990. The U.S. hosted the 1994 World Cup, where they lost to Brazil in the round of sixteen. They qualified for five more consecutive World Cups after 1990 (for a total of seven straight appearances, a feat shared with only seven other nations), becoming one of the tournament's regular competitors and often advancing to the knockout stage. The U.S. reached the quarter - finals of the 2002 World Cup, where they lost to Germany. In the 2009 Confederations Cup, they eliminated top - ranked Spain in the semi-finals before losing to Brazil in the final, their only appearance in a final. The team failed to qualify for the 2018 World Cup, having been eliminated in continental qualifying, ending the streak of consecutive World Cups at seven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Division of Kingsford Smith", "paragraph_text": "The division is named after Sir Charles Kingsford Smith, a pioneer aviator, and the first pilot to fly across the Pacific Ocean. The Kingsford Smith International Airport (Sydney International), and the suburb of Kingsford, both of which are located within the division, are also named after him. The division was proclaimed at the redistribution of 11 May 1949, and was first contested at the 1949 federal election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Liverpool F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Liverpool's first trophy was the Lancashire League, which it won in the club's first season. In 1901, the club won its first League title, while its first success in the FA Cup was in 1965. In terms of the number of trophies won, Liverpool's most successful decade was the 1980s, when the club won six League titles, two FA Cups, four League Cups, five Charity Shields (one shared) and two European Cups.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "St. Louis Blues", "paragraph_text": "The team is named after the famous W.C. Handy song ``Saint Louis Blues. ''The franchise was founded in 1967 as an expansion team during the league's 1967 NHL Expansion, which expanded the league from six teams to twelve. The Blues are the oldest active NHL team never to have won the Stanley Cup, although they played in the Stanley Cup Finals three times in 1968, 1969 and 1970.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "History of Chelsea F.C.", "paragraph_text": "The 1963 -- 72 seasons saw Chelsea regularly challenge for honours for the first time, although they often narrowly missed out. The League Cup was won in 1965, the FA Cup in 1970 and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1971; they were also FA Cup runners - up in 1967 and League Cup runners - up in 1972. Several problems over the next decade, principally the debt burden caused by an ambitious attempt to redevelop Stamford Bridge, brought the club to the brink of extinction, before a revival under John Neal in the mid-1980s saw the club win the Second Division title and ultimately re-establish itself in the top flight.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "President-elect of the United States", "paragraph_text": "No constitutional provision or federal law requires electors to vote according to the results of their state's popular vote, though some states bind their electors to their pledges by state law. Historically, there have been only a few instances of ``faithless electors ''casting their ballots for a candidate to whom they were not pledged, and such instances have never resulted in changing the final outcome of a presidential election. The popular vote does not declare the presidency but the Electoral College vote does. Even if the popular vote goes to one candidate, another may win the electoral vote and the presidency, as has happened in 1876, 1888, 2000 and 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Fed Cup", "paragraph_text": "Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995. The Fed Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current Fed Cup Chairperson is Katrina Adams.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Dragoslav \u010caki\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Dragoslav 'Drago' \u010caki\u0107 (born 15 February 1965 in Split, Croatia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) is a Croatian retired footballer who played as a midfielder.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "List of Chelsea F.C. managers", "paragraph_text": "Name Nat Tenure Honours Ted Drake England 1952 -- 1961 1955 First Division 1955 FA Charity Shield Tommy Docherty Scotland 1961 -- 1967 1965 Football League Cup Dave Sexton England 1967 -- 1974 1970 FA Cup 1971 European Cup Winners' Cup John Neal England 1981 -- 1985 1984 Second Division John Hollins England 1985 -- 1988 1986 Full Members Cup Bobby Campbell England 1988 -- 1991 1989 Second Division 1990 Full Members Cup Ruud Gullit Netherlands 1996 -- 1998 1997 FA Cup Gianluca Vialli Italy 1998 -- 2000 1998 Football League Cup 1998 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1998 UEFA Super Cup 2000 FA Cup 2000 FA Charity Shield Jos\u00e9 Mourinho Portugal 2004 -- 2007 2013 -- 2015 2005 Football League Cup 2005 Premier League 2005 FA Community Shield 2006 Premier League 2007 Football League Cup 2007 FA Cup 2015 Football League Cup 2015 Premier League Guus Hiddink Netherlands 2009 2015 -- 2016 2009 FA Cup Carlo Ancelotti Italy 2009 -- 2011 2009 FA Community Shield 2010 Premier League 2010 FA Cup Roberto Di Matteo Italy 2012 2012 FA Cup 2012 UEFA Champions League Rafael Ben\u00edtez Spain 2012 -- 2013 2013 UEFA Europa League Antonio Conte Italy 2016 -- 2018 2017 Premier League 2018 FA Cup", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Ru\u017eica Meglaj-Rimac", "paragraph_text": "Ru\u017eica Meglaj-Rimac (15 February 1941 \u2013 11 July 1996) was a former Yugoslav and Croatian basketball player born in Croatian-Slovenian family. The Ru\u017eica Meglaj-Rimac Cup is named after her.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the competition that the 1965 Federation Cup is part of named after?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 201704, "question": "1965 Federation Cup >> instance of", "answer": "Fed Cup", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 135481, "question": "What is #1 named after?", "answer": "International Tennis Federation", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "International Tennis Federation", "answer_aliases": ["ITF"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2366}
{"id": "2hop__861157_135481", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "2014 Thai League Cup", "paragraph_text": "The Thai League Cup is a knock-out football tournament played in Thai sport. Some games are played as a single match, others are played as two-legged contests. The 2014 Thai League Cup kicked off on 1 February 2014 with the Bangkok & field regional qualifiers. The Thai League Cup has been readmitted back into Thai football after a 10-year absence. The Thai League Cup is sponsored by Toyota thus naming it Toyota League Cup. The prize money for this prestigious award is said to be around 5 million baht and the runners-up will be netting 1 million baht.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jos\u00e9 Antunes Sobrinho", "paragraph_text": "The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil. The name 'Bras\u00edlia' is commonly used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche; However, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of which is Bras\u00edlia proper, with a population of 209,926 in a 2011 survey; Demographic publications generally do not make this distinction and list the population of Bras\u00edlia as synonymous with the population of the Federal District, considering the whole of it as its metropolitan area. The city was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, Bras\u00edlia hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consulted with respect to reconvening the House per the usual formulation of conditional concurrent adjournment resolutions; he or she is a traditional member of the House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission; and he or she may, after consultation with the Speaker, convene an early organizational party caucus or conference. Informally, the minority leader maintains ties with majority party leaders to learn about the schedule and other House matters and forges agreements or understandings with them insofar as feasible.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Karl Schiller", "paragraph_text": "Karl August Fritz Schiller (24 April 1911 \u2013 26 December 1994) was a German economist and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). From 1966 to 1972, he was Federal Minister of Economic Affairs and from 1971 to 1972 Federal Minister of Finance. He was the inventor of the \"magic square\", depicting Economic equilibrium, and of the \"Concerted activity\" (\"\") to reflate the German market. He is thus seen as one of the most influential German economists beside Ludwig Erhard.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Qara Qarayev (Baku Metro)", "paragraph_text": "Qara Qarayev is a Baku Metro station. It was opened on November 6, 1972. It was previously called Avrora and is named after Qara Qarayev.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Mich\u00e8le Gurdal", "paragraph_text": "Mich\u00e8le Gurdal (born 30 November 1952) is a Belgian professional tennis player who was most prominent in the 1970s. She represented Belgium in the Federation Cup every year between 1972 and 1980. Gurdal won one singles title on the WTA Tour, the 1976 Swiss Open.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Maya Pedersen-Bieri", "paragraph_text": "Maya Pedersen-Bieri (born 27 November 1972 in Spiez) is a Swiss-Norwegian skeleton racer who has competed since 1995. She won the gold medal in the women's skeleton event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. She retired from the sport in 2010 before returning to compete for Norway (the country of her husband and coach, Snorre Pedersen) in 2016, becoming at the oldest woman to start a World Cup race when she returned to the top level of skeleton in 2017. She is listed in the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation athlete registration system as Maya Pedersen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Clean Water Act", "paragraph_text": "Technically, the name of the law is the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The first FWPCA was enacted in 1948, but took on its modern form when completely rewritten in 1972 in an act entitled the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. Major changes have subsequently been introduced via amendatory legislation including the Clean Water Act of 1977 and the Water Quality Act of 1987.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "United States men's national soccer team", "paragraph_text": "The United States men's national soccer team is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation and competes in the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football. The team has appeared in ten FIFA World Cups, including the first in 1930, where they reached the semi-finals. The U.S. participated in the 1934 and 1950 World Cups, winning 1 -- 0 against England in the latter. After 1950, the U.S. did not qualify for the World Cup until 1990. The U.S. hosted the 1994 World Cup, where they lost to Brazil in the round of sixteen. They qualified for five more consecutive World Cups after 1990 (for a total of seven straight appearances, a feat shared with only seven other nations), becoming one of the tournament's regular competitors and often advancing to the knockout stage. The U.S. reached the quarter - finals of the 2002 World Cup, where they lost to Germany. In the 2009 Confederations Cup, they eliminated top - ranked Spain in the semi-finals before losing to Brazil in the final, their only appearance in a final. The team failed to qualify for the 2018 World Cup, having been eliminated in continental qualifying, ending the streak of consecutive World Cups at seven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Multiracial Americans", "paragraph_text": "Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading memories that many whites had multiracial ancestry. Many families were multiracial. Similar laws had been proposed but not passed in the late nineteenth century in South Carolina and Virginia, for instance. After regaining political power in Southern states by disenfranchising blacks, white Democrats passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation to restore white supremacy. They maintained these until forced to change in the 1960s and after by enforcement of federal legislation authorizing oversight of practices to protect the constitutional rights of African Americans and other minority citizens.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "1972 Federation Cup (tennis)", "paragraph_text": "The 1972 Federation Cup was the tenth edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis. 31 nations participated in the tournament, which was held at Ellis Park in Johannesburg, South Africa from 20\u201325 March. South Africa defeated Great Britain in the final, in what was the first final not featuring United States or Australia, giving South Africa their first title. South Africa became the first team other than United States or Australia to win the Fed Cup.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Adidas Telstar 18", "paragraph_text": "The Adidas Telstar 18 was the official match ball of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which was held in the Russian Federation. It is designed by the company Adidas, a FIFA Partner and FIFA World Cup official match ball supplier since 1970, and based on the concept of the first Adidas's World Cup match ball.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "President-elect of the United States", "paragraph_text": "No constitutional provision or federal law requires electors to vote according to the results of their state's popular vote, though some states bind their electors to their pledges by state law. Historically, there have been only a few instances of ``faithless electors ''casting their ballots for a candidate to whom they were not pledged, and such instances have never resulted in changing the final outcome of a presidential election. The popular vote does not declare the presidency but the Electoral College vote does. Even if the popular vote goes to one candidate, another may win the electoral vote and the presidency, as has happened in 1876, 1888, 2000 and 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "A.C. Milan", "paragraph_text": "A.C. Milan honours Type Competition Titles Seasons / Years Domestic Serie A 18 1901, 1906, 1907, 1950 -- 51, 1954 -- 55, 1956 -- 57, 1958 -- 59, 1961 -- 62, 1967 -- 68, 1978 -- 79, 1987 -- 88, 1991 -- 92, 1992 -- 93, 1993 -- 94, 1995 -- 96, 1998 -- 99, 2003 -- 04, 2010 -- 11 Serie B 1980 -- 81, 1982 -- 83 Coppa Italia 5 1966 -- 67, 1971 -- 72, 1972 -- 73, 1976 -- 77, 2002 -- 03 Supercoppa Italiana 7 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2004, 2011, 2016 Continent European Cup / UEFA Champions League 7 1962 -- 63, 1968 -- 69, 1988 -- 89, 1989 -- 90, 1993 -- 94, 2002 -- 03, 2006 -- 07 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1967 -- 68, 1972 -- 73 UEFA Super Cup 5 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007 Worldwide Intercontinental Cup 1969, 1989, 1990 FIFA Club World Cup 2007", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Frans Ananias", "paragraph_text": "Frans Ananias (born 1 December 1972) is a retired Namibian footballer. He competed for the Namibia national football team from 1996\u20131998, including the 1998 African Cup of Nations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Walter Schneiter", "paragraph_text": "Walter Schneiter (2 July 1923 \u2013 2 September 1972) was a Swiss football forward who played for Switzerland in the 1950 FIFA World Cup. He also played for FC Z\u00fcrich.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Muammar Gaddafi", "paragraph_text": "After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger, but it was never implemented as relations broke down the following year. Sadat became increasingly wary of Libya's radical direction, and the September 1973 deadline for implementing the Federation passed by with no action taken.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Ru\u017eica Meglaj-Rimac", "paragraph_text": "Ru\u017eica Meglaj-Rimac (15 February 1941 \u2013 11 July 1996) was a former Yugoslav and Croatian basketball player born in Croatian-Slovenian family. The Ru\u017eica Meglaj-Rimac Cup is named after her.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "History of Chelsea F.C.", "paragraph_text": "The 1963 -- 72 seasons saw Chelsea regularly challenge for honours for the first time, although they often narrowly missed out. The League Cup was won in 1965, the FA Cup in 1970 and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1971; they were also FA Cup runners - up in 1967 and League Cup runners - up in 1972. Several problems over the next decade, principally the debt burden caused by an ambitious attempt to redevelop Stamford Bridge, brought the club to the brink of extinction, before a revival under John Neal in the mid-1980s saw the club win the Second Division title and ultimately re-establish itself in the top flight.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Fed Cup", "paragraph_text": "Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995. The Fed Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current Fed Cup Chairperson is Katrina Adams.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "What is the competition the 1972 Federation Cup is part of named after?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 861157, "question": "1972 Federation Cup >> instance of", "answer": "Fed Cup", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 135481, "question": "What is #1 named after?", "answer": "International Tennis Federation", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "International Tennis Federation", "answer_aliases": ["ITF"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2194}
{"id": "2hop__495316_660579", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hickory Grove Estates, Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "Hickory Grove Estates is an unincorporated community located in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi. Hickory Grove Estates is approximately south-southwest of Clayton Village.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Risdon Park High School", "paragraph_text": "Risdon Park High School was located on Senate Rd, between Hannan St, Creasy St, and Ferme St in the suburb of Risdon Park in Port Pirie. The site is now the Risdon Grove Housing Estate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Lively Grove, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Lively Grove is an unincorporated community in Johannisburg and Lively Grove Townships, Washington County, Illinois, United States. Lively Grove is located on Illinois Route 153, northwest of Oakdale. Lively Grove is approximately from Elkton.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Darial, Pakistan", "paragraph_text": "Darial is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33\u00b0 23' 35N 73\u00b0 19' 45E with an altitude of 494 metres (1624 feet).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Grove (Cold Spring, New York)", "paragraph_text": "The Grove, also known as Loretto Rest, is a historic house located on Grove Court in Cold Spring, New York, United States. It was built as the estate of Frederick Lente, surgeon at the nearby West Point Foundry and later a founder of the American Academy of Medicine, in the mid-19th century. The Italian-villa design, popular at the time, was by the prominent architect Richard Upjohn. In 2008 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 County", "paragraph_text": "Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (central Transylvania). Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 is the Hungarian name for the T\u00e2rnava Mic\u0103 River. The capital of the county was \"Dics\u0151szentm\u00e1rton\" (now T\u00e2rn\u0103veni).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Green Acre Estates, Alberta", "paragraph_text": "Green Acre Estates is an unincorporated community in Alberta, Canada within Parkland County that is recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada. It is located on the west side of Range Road 274, south of Highway 628. It is adjacent to the Town of Stony Plain to the northwest and the designated place of Garden Grove Estates to the south.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hickory Grove, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Hickory Grove is a town in Grant County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 443 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Hickory Grove and Homer are located in the town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lai King", "paragraph_text": "Lai King (), or Lai King Hill (), is a residential area including a number of public housing estates, located in Lai King Hill, Kwai Chung, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is centred on Lai King Estate, but also refers to nearby estates, including Cho Yiu Chuen, Lai Yiu Estate, Wah Yuen Chuen, Wonderland Villas and Kau Wa Keng.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "First Army Division East", "paragraph_text": "First Army Division East was established by Department of the Army Permanent Order 156-7 to provide training and readiness oversight and mobilization operations for an area of responsibility spanning 27 states and territories east of the Mississippi River. First Army Division East is responsible for mobilizing, training, readiness oversight and deploying the United States' Reserve and National Guard Soldiers, and selected Sailors and Airmen along with members of multiple interagency and governmental entities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Naas River", "paragraph_text": "The Naas River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta", "paragraph_text": "Pesanggrahan is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, one of the administrative city which forms the capital territory of Jakarta, Indonesia. The Pesanggrahan River flows along the eastern edge of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict. To the west of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict is Tangerang Regency, Banten Province.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way, The Roads and Coconut Grove. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 connecting Downtown with Coral Gables, and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove was established in 1825 and is the location of Miami's City Hall in Dinner Key, the Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, many nightclubs, bars, restaurants and bohemian shops, and as such, is very popular with local college students. It is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads, and a heavy tree canopy. Coconut Grove has many parks and gardens such as Villa Vizcaya, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, and is the home of the Coconut Grove Convention Center and numerous historic homes and estates.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Oktibbeha County School District", "paragraph_text": "The district served most of Maben and the town of Sturgis in the West Oktibbeha County Elementary (Pre-K-6) and High Schools (7-12) as well as several communities in the western parts of the county not in the Starkville City School District. The East Oktibbeha County Elementary (K-6) and High Schools (7-12) served the communities in the eastern parts of Oktibbeha county not included in the Starkville City School District. OCSD was taken over the state twice due to academic failure and mismanagement, and the state proposed several times that it should be merged with the SSD. In 2013, the Mississippi Legislature passed a bill requiring that all Oktibbeha County schools be merged into the Starkville School District. In the implementation of this plan, East Oktibbeha Elementary was closed because its location would have resulted in a school that was over 90% black.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Wind River (Wisconsin)", "paragraph_text": "The Wind River is a minor tributary of the Mississippi River in western Wisconsin in the United States. It flows for its entire length in western Pierce County. It rises in the town (unincorporated jurisdiction) of Trimbelle and flows southward through the towns of Oak Grove and Diamond Bluff. Wind River joins the Mississippi near the unincorporated community of Diamond Bluff, which is within the larger jurisdiction (the town). The confluence is from the Mississippi's mouth on the Gulf of Mexico.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Beckwith, Ontario", "paragraph_text": "Beckwith is a township in eastern Ontario, Canada. It is located in Lanark County on the Mississippi River. It is located within Canada's National Capital Region.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Hickory Plains, Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "Hickory Plains is an unincorporated community in Prairie County, Arkansas, United States. Hickory Plains is located at the junction of Arkansas highways 13 and 38, west of Des Arc. Hickory Plains has a post office with ZIP code 72066.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the capital of the county which contains Hickory Grove Estates, Mississippi?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 495316, "question": "Hickory Grove Estates, Mississippi >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Oktibbeha County", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 660579, "question": "#1 >> capital", "answer": "Starkville", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}], "answer": "Starkville", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1783}
{"id": "2hop__478978_124498", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Je vous aime", "paragraph_text": "Je Vous Aime (English title \"I Love You All\") is a 1980 French romantic comedy film directed by Claude Berri. Its cast comprises notable actors and actresses like Jean Louis Trintignant, Catherine Deneuve, G\u00e9rard Depardieu and Serge Gainsbourg. It was first released in 1980 and it was shown in the US in 1981.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "David Prowse", "paragraph_text": "David Charles Prowse, MBE (born 1 July 1935) is an English bodybuilder, weightlifter and character actor in British film and television. Worldwide, he is best known for physically portraying Darth Vader in the original Star Wars trilogy (with the character's voice being performed by James Earl Jones), and in 2015 starred in a documentary concerning that role, entitled I Am Your Father. Prior to his role as Vader, Prowse had established himself as a prominent figure in British culture as the first Green Cross Code man, a character used in British road safety advertising aimed at children.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Matthieu Chedid", "paragraph_text": "Matthieu Chedid was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France, the son of French singer Louis Chedid, and the grandson of the Egyptian-born French writer and poet of Lebanese descent Andr\u00e9e Chedid who has written lyrics for him. His sister is the music video and concert director \u00c9milie Chedid.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "VideoKids", "paragraph_text": "VideoKids were a 1980s Euro disco/Italo disco duo from The Netherlands, formed in 1984 and led by Peter Slaghuis, who died in a car accident in 1991, and Bianca Bonelli, who also had a solo hit single called \"Je veux l'amour\". They were probably most famous for their \"Woodpeckers from Space\" song. They released two albums, \"The Invasion of the Spacepeckers\" in 1984 and \"Satellite\" in 1985.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ik wil alles met je delen", "paragraph_text": "\"Ik wil alles met je delen\" (\"I want to share everything with you\") was the Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990, performed in Dutch by Maywood. The English language version was entitled \"No more winds to guide me\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Paul Chomnycky", "paragraph_text": "Paul Chomnycky was born in Vancouver, Canada, the son of a Ukrainian-immigrant father and Canadian-born mother (both of whom died in 1996) and graduated from the University of British Columbia with a bachelor's degree in Commerce in 1980. After working as an accountant for two years, he entered the novitate of the Order of St. Basil the Great, working in the Basilian monastery in New York.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Rom\u00e9o et Juliette", "paragraph_text": "Rom\u00e9o et Juliette (\"Romeo and Juliet\") is an opera in five acts by Charles Gounod to a French libretto by Jules Barbier and Michel Carr\u00e9, based on \"Romeo and Juliet\" by William Shakespeare. It was first performed at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Lyrique (Th\u00e9\u00e2tre-Lyrique Imp\u00e9rial du Ch\u00e2telet), Paris on 27 April 1867. This opera is notable for the series of four duets for the main characters and the waltz song \"\"Je veux vivre\"\" for the soprano.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jack McFarland", "paragraph_text": "In season three, Jack undertakes a search for his biological father, which ends when he discovers that his father died several years back. Jack does, however, meet Elliot (Michael Angarano), his own biological son, whom he fathered by depositing at a sperm bank as a teenager so that he could buy a leather jacket. He later discovers that the boy's mother Bonnie (Rosie O'Donnell) is a lesbian; she was a nurse at the sperm bank who stole Jack's deposit and was inseminated with it.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Duke Xian of Jin", "paragraph_text": "Duke Xian of Jin (, died 651 BC), ancestral name Ji (\u59ec), given name Guizhu (\u8a6d\u8af8), was the nineteenth ruler of the State of Jin. He was also the ninth ruler of Jin in the Spring and Autumn period and the second duke of Jin. When his father, Duke Wu of Jin, died in 677 BC, Guizhu ascended the throne of Jin and became Duke Xian of Jin. He reigned for 26 years. He moved the capital from Quwo (\u66f2\u6c83) to Jiang (\u7d73). He was named after a Rongdi tribe (\u620e\u72c4\u65cf) leader Guizhu (\u8a6d\u8af8) whom his father, Duke Wu of Jin, captured alive.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Je veux donner ma voix", "paragraph_text": "\"Je veux donner ma voix\" (\"I Want to Give My Voice\") was the French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999, performed in French by Nayah.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Looking for Her", "paragraph_text": "Looking for Her (or Je vous souhaite d'\u00eatre follement aim\u00e9e) is a 2015 French drama film directed by Ounie Lecomte.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "List of Little House on the Prairie characters", "paragraph_text": "Name Seasons No. of episodes Portrayer Character summary Almanzo Wilder 6 -- 9 65 Dean Butler Farmer; Laura's husband (season 7); Rose's father; Nicknamed ``Manly ''by Laura Adam Kendall 4 -- 8 35 Linwood Boomer Teacher of the blind; Mary's husband (season 5) Adam Kendall Jr. 6 Unknown Adam and Mary's son; dies in fire with Alice Garvey Jenny Wilder 9 18 Shannen Doherty Almanzo's niece, whom he gets custody of after his brother / her father Royal dies Rose Wilder 8 -- 9 17 Jennifer and Michele Steffin Almanzo and Laura's daughter Eliza Jane Wilder 6 -- 8 14 Lucy Lee Flippin Teacher; Almanzo's older sister", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Malcolm Shabazz", "paragraph_text": "Malcolm Shabazz was born in Paris on October 8, 1984. His father, L. A. Bouasba, was an Algerian Muslim whom Qubilah Shabazz met there. According to Malcolm, he never met his father. Other sources say Malcolm knew his father, but they had little contact with one another.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Buthrotum", "paragraph_text": "The first modern archaeological excavations began in 1928 when the Fascist government of Benito Mussolini's Italy sent an expedition to Buthrotum. The aim was geopolitical rather than scientific, aiming to extend Italian hegemony in the area. The leader was an Italian archaeologist, Luigi Maria Ugolini who despite the political aims of his mission was a good archaeologist. Ugolini died in 1936, but the excavations continued until 1943 and the Second World War. They uncovered the Hellenistic and Roman part of the city including the \"Lion Gate\" and the \"Scaean Gate\" (named by Ugolini for the famous gate at Troy mentioned in the Homeric Iliad).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Je te dis tout", "paragraph_text": "\"Je te dis tout\" is a song by French singer songwriter Myl\u00e8ne Farmer. This ballad was written by Farmer with music composed by Laurent Boutonnat. It was the second single from her ninth studio album \"Monkey Me\" (2012), and was first released digitally on 28\u00a0January\u00a02013, then will be released physically on 4 March 2013. The music video was directed by Fran\u00e7ois Hanss.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Frank Borzage", "paragraph_text": "Their first child, Henry, was born in 1885. The Borzaga family moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, where Frank Borzage was born in 1894, and the family remained there until 1919. The couple had fourteen children, eight of whom survived childhood: Henry (1885\u20131971), Mary Emma (1886\u20131906), Bill (1892\u20131973), Frank, Daniel (1896\u20131975, a performer and member of the John Ford Stock Company), Lew (1898\u20131974), Dolly (1901\u20132002) and Sue (1905\u20131998). Luigi Borzaga died in Los Angeles in a car accident in 1934; his wife Maria (Frank's mother) died of cancer in 1947.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Je dis aime", "paragraph_text": "Je dis aime (1999) is the second studio album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid, in his persona as -M-, described by reviewers as a \"conceptual icon to rival Bowie's Ziggy Stardust and Aladdin Sane\". The album manages to take a remarkable variety of musical directions and pull them together into a consistent whole. Another reviewer describes the album as sounding like a 'French Lenny Kravitz' and notes the 'vintage 70s sound and textures'.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Literature", "paragraph_text": "Drama is literature intended for performance. The form is often combined with music and dance, as in opera and musical theatre. A play is a subset of this form, referring to the written dramatic work of a playwright that is intended for performance in a theatre; it comprises chiefly dialogue between characters, and usually aims at dramatic or theatrical performance rather than at reading. A closet drama, by contrast, refers to a play written to be read rather than to be performed; hence, it is intended that the meaning of such a work can be realized fully on the page. Nearly all drama took verse form until comparatively recently.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Xiong E", "paragraph_text": "Xiong E succeeded his father Xiong Xun, who died in 800 BC. He died after nine years of reign and was succeeded by his son Ruo'ao.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Journey 2: The Mysterious Island", "paragraph_text": "Vanessa Hudgens as Kailani Laguatan Gabato's daughter whom Sean falls in love with and who is part of the father - daughter tour guide team.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the father of the performer of Je dis aime?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 478978, "question": "Je dis aime >> performer", "answer": "Matthieu Chedid", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}, {"id": 124498, "question": "The father of #1 is whom?", "answer": "Louis Chedid", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}], "answer": "Louis Chedid", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1876}
{"id": "2hop__543853_124498", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ahmet Zappa", "paragraph_text": "Ahmet Zappa was born in Los Angeles, California, the third of four children born to musician Frank Zappa and businesswoman Gail Zappa (n\u00e9e Sloatman). His father was of Italian (Sicilian), Greek, Arab, and French descent, and his mother was of French, Irish, and mostly Danish ancestry. He is said to be named after music executive Ahmet Erteg\u00fcn, whom his father greatly admired. This is contradicted by Neil Slaven in \"Electric Don Quixote: The Definitive Story Of Frank Zappa\", who notes:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Peter Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Peter is married to Lois Griffin and is the father of Meg, Chris, and Stewie. He also has a dog named Brian, with whom he is best friends. He has worked at a toy factory, and at Quahog's Brewery. Despite the suburban blue-collar routine of his life, he has had a number of remarkable experiences.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "David Wm. Sims", "paragraph_text": "David William Sims (born September 17, 1963 in Austin, Texas) is an American musician, best known as the bass guitarist of the bands Scratch Acid (with whom he initially played guitar), Rapeman, and The Jesus Lizard. He has also recorded or performed with Sparklehorse, Rhys Chatham, Shivaree, Pigface, Flour, and others. Sims currently performs experimental solo electric bass as Unfact.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Journey 2: The Mysterious Island", "paragraph_text": "Vanessa Hudgens as Kailani Laguatan Gabato's daughter whom Sean falls in love with and who is part of the father - daughter tour guide team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Paul Chomnycky", "paragraph_text": "Paul Chomnycky was born in Vancouver, Canada, the son of a Ukrainian-immigrant father and Canadian-born mother (both of whom died in 1996) and graduated from the University of British Columbia with a bachelor's degree in Commerce in 1980. After working as an accountant for two years, he entered the novitate of the Order of St. Basil the Great, working in the Basilian monastery in New York.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Matthieu Chedid", "paragraph_text": "Matthieu Chedid was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France, the son of French singer Louis Chedid, and the grandson of the Egyptian-born French writer and poet of Lebanese descent Andr\u00e9e Chedid who has written lyrics for him. His sister is the music video and concert director \u00c9milie Chedid.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Rosalie Loveling", "paragraph_text": "Rosalie Loveling was born in Nevele, Belgium, and was the older sister of Virginie Loveling, also an author, with whom she co-wrote part of her oeuvre. After the death of their father Herman Loveling, the family moved to Ghent where the sisters moved in circles of French-speaking, mainly anti-clerical intelligentsia before eventually returning to Nevele.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "M. Suryanarayan", "paragraph_text": "M. Suryanarayan (1930 -- 2010) was an Indian first - class cricketer who was born on February 1, 1930 during Madras presidency. M. Suryanarayan is the first son of M. Baliah Naidu and the Grandson of Buchi Babu Naidu who is also known as the 'Father of South Indian Cricket' the doyen of Madras Cricket. He was also a member of the First Ranji Trophy triumph team of Tamilnadu in 1954 - 1955, which the Madras team won against Holkar. He was a right - handed batsman and a right - arm medium bowler. The Hindu describing his Cricket, once said: ``His batting resembles very closely that of his father - dashing and carefree - and his cover - drive, a joy to watch, has amazing impetus... ''And it added that he had`` enriched Madras sport as his father had''. His only younger brother M.M Kumar represented in the Ranji Trophy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Chen Peisi", "paragraph_text": "Chen's father Chen Qiang named him Chen Peisi after Pest, when he performed \"The White-Haired Girl\" in Budapest, Hungary in 1951. The pronunciation of \"Budapest\" in Mandarin Chinese is \"\". Chen's father named his elder brother Chen Buda ().", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Joffrey Baratheon", "paragraph_text": "In public, Joffrey is allegedly the oldest son and heir of King Robert Baratheon and Queen Cersei Lannister, both of whom entered into a political marriage alliance after Robert took the throne by force from the 'Mad King' Aerys II Targaryen. In reality, his biological father is his mother's twin brother, Jaime Lannister. He has a younger sister, Myrcella, and a younger brother, Tommen, both of whom are also products of Jaime and Cersei's incestuous relationship. Their sole biological grandparents, Tywin and Joanna Lannister, were also first cousins.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Lucy Walker (climber)", "paragraph_text": "She was born in Canada, and raised in Liverpool where her father was a lead merchant. Walker began her climbing rather modestly in 1858 when she was advised by her doctor to take up walking as a cure for rheumatism. Accompanied by her father Frank Walker and her brother Horace Walker, both of whom were early members of the Alpine Club, and Oberland guide Melchior Anderegg, she became the first woman to regularly climb in the Alps.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Barney Stinson", "paragraph_text": "Barney has three half - siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode ``The Rebound Girl ''); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one - night stand in`` Ring Up!'', and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode ``Okay Awesome ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Louis Chedid", "paragraph_text": "Louis Chedid is the son of the writer Andr\u00e9e Chedid and the father of Matthieu Chedid (better known as -M-).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Labo M", "paragraph_text": "Labo M (2003) is the third studio album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid in his persona as -M-. It's an all-instrumental work which, considering that one of -M-'s trademarks had previously been his inventive wordplay, caused some degree of discontent amongst parts of his fan base. Remarkably successful for an instrumental work, the album entered the French charts at number 27 but proved to be a stopgap with the full studio album \"Qui de nous deux\" appearing later the same year.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Russell M. Cox", "paragraph_text": "Russell M. Cox (January 30, 1919 \u2013 November 13, 1942), was a United States Navy officer, killed in action during World War II, for whom a U.S. Navy ship was named.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Gianmarco Tamberi", "paragraph_text": "Gianmarco Tamberi is coached by his father, Marco Tamberi, who held the indoor Italian record in 1983 with the measure of 2.28 m.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Jack McFarland", "paragraph_text": "In season three, Jack undertakes a search for his biological father, which ends when he discovers that his father died several years back. Jack does, however, meet Elliot (Michael Angarano), his own biological son, whom he fathered by depositing at a sperm bank as a teenager so that he could buy a leather jacket. He later discovers that the boy's mother Bonnie (Rosie O'Donnell) is a lesbian; she was a nurse at the sperm bank who stole Jack's deposit and was inseminated with it.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Jodie Rimmer", "paragraph_text": "Jodie Rimmer (born 1974) is a New Zealand voice and performer actress best known for starring on \"Young Hercules\", as Lilith. Her work includes \"\", \"Channelling Baby\", \"The Strip\", and \"In My Father's Den\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Albert Way", "paragraph_text": "Albert Way was educated at home and at Trinity College, Cambridge. One of his Trinity contemporaries was Charles Darwin, whom Way encouraged to continue his insect collecting. Way graduated BA in 1829, and MA in 1834. In his early life, he travelled in Europe and Palestine with his father. Following his father's death in 1840, Way was able to live off his private income.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Nico van der Laan", "paragraph_text": "Nico van der Laan (17 April 1908 \u2013 18 September 1986) was a Dutch architect, as were his father Leo van der Laan and his brothers Jan and Hans, with whom he was closely associated.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the father of the Labo M performer?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 543853, "question": "Labo M >> performer", "answer": "Matthieu Chedid", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 124498, "question": "The father of #1 is whom?", "answer": "Louis Chedid", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Louis Chedid", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1700}
{"id": "2hop__335899_124498", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Palau G\u00fcell", "paragraph_text": "The Palau G\u00fcell (, ) is a mansion designed by the architect Antoni Gaud\u00ed for the industrial tycoon Eusebi G\u00fcell and built between 1886 and 1888. It is situated on the Carrer Nou de la Rambla, in the El Raval neighbourhood of the city of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site \"Works of Antoni Gaud\u00ed\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Villajoyosa CF", "paragraph_text": "Villajoyosa Club de F\u00fatbol is a Spanish football team based in Vila Joiosa, in the autonomous community of Valencia. Founded in 1944 it currently plays in Regional Preferente \u2013 Group 4, holding home matches at the \"Estadio Nou Pla\", with a capacity of 4,000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Henri-Fran\u00e7ois Rey", "paragraph_text": "Henri-Fran\u00e7ois Rey (July 31, 1919 in Toulouse - July 22, 1987 in Paris) was a French writer, dramaturge and screenwriter. His book \"La F\u00eate espagnole\" (\"The Spanish party\") won the 1959 Prix des Deux Magots. His best-known work, \"Les Pianos m\u00e9caniques\" (\"Mechanical pianos\") won the Interalli\u00e9 prize in 1962, and was adapted to film by Juan Antonio Bardem in 1965 as \"The Uninhibited\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Marcel Brillouin", "paragraph_text": "Born in Saint-Martin-l\u00e8s-Melle, Deux-S\u00e8vres, France, his father was a painter who moved to Paris when Marcel was a boy. There he attended the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet. The Brillouin family returned to Saint-Martin-l\u00e8s-Melle during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 to escape the fighting. There he spent time teaching himself from his grandfather's philosophy books. After the war, he returned to Paris and entered the \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure in 1874 and graduated in 1878. He became a physics assistant to Eleuthere Mascart (his future father-in-law) at the Coll\u00e8ge de France, while at the same time working for his doctorates in mathematics and physics, which he gained in 1880 and 1882, respectively. Brillouin then held successive posts as assistant professor of physics at universities in Nancy, Dijon and Toulouse before returning to the \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure in Paris in 1888. Later, he was Professor of Mathematical Physics at the Coll\u00e8ge de France from 1900 to retirement in 1931.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Canyelles (Barcelona Metro)", "paragraph_text": "Canyelles () is a Barcelona Metro station, named after the nearby Canyelles neighbourhood, in the Nou Barris district of the city of Barcelona. The station is served by line L3.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Rodolphe Radau", "paragraph_text": "Jean Charles Rodolphe Radau (January 22, 1835 \u2013 December 21, 1911) was an astronomer and mathematician who worked in Paris at the \"Revue des deux Mondes\" for most of his life. He was the co-founder of the Bulletin Astronomique.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Qui-Gon Jinn", "paragraph_text": "As revealed in \"The Art of Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace\", director George Lucas conceived the character of Qui-Gon Jinn during pre-production of the film. This is shown by concept art where Obi-Wan Kenobi is shown alone in the Trade Federation flagship and while meeting Jar Jar Binks. Even when Qui-Gon was conceived, Lucas toyed with making him the younger Jedi, as shown in concept art depicting Obi-Wan as an old man. Lucas originally envisioned an American actor for the role of Qui-Gon, but ultimately cast Northern Irish actor Liam Neeson because he considered Neeson to have great skills and presence, describing him as a \"master actor, who the other actors will look up to, who has got the qualities of strength that the character demands.\" Initially, Lucas had planned for Qui-Gon to have long white hair, but that idea was scrapped and Qui-Gon is depicted as having long brown hair in the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "\u00c9ric Neuhoff", "paragraph_text": "\u00c9ric Neuhoff, born 4 July 1956, is a French novelist and journalist. He debuted in 1982 a journalist at \" Le Quotidien de Paris\" and used a style nicknamed \"n\u00e9o-hussard\", after the Hussards movement of the 1950s. He thus became associated with writers such as Denis Tillinac, Patrick Besson and Didier Van Cauwelaert, who debuted around the same time and used a similar style. He received the 1990 Roger Nimier Prize, and has received awards such as the Prix des Deux Magots, Prix Interalli\u00e9 and Grand Prix du roman de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Pas de deux", "paragraph_text": "The ballets of the late 19th Century -- particularly of those of Marius Petipa -- introduced the concept of the grand pas de deux, which often served as the climax of a scene or an entire performance. This involved a consistent format of entr\u00e9e and adagio by a pair of leading male and female dancers, followed by virtuosic solos (first by the male and then the female) and a finale. During the 20th century, the grand pas de deux became more integrated with the story of the ballet, with increasingly acrobatic content.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Journey 2: The Mysterious Island", "paragraph_text": "Vanessa Hudgens as Kailani Laguatan Gabato's daughter whom Sean falls in love with and who is part of the father - daughter tour guide team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Andr\u00e9 Hardellet", "paragraph_text": "Andr\u00e9 Hardellet (13 February 1911 \u2013 24 July 1974) was a French poet and writer. He was the 1974 winner of the Prix des Deux Magots.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Genevi\u00e8ve Gaillard", "paragraph_text": "Genevi\u00e8ve Gaillard (born 13 May 1947 in Niort, Deux-S\u00e8vres), is a French veterinary doctor, politician, member of the French Socialist Party, Socialist Party Deputy for Deux-S\u00e8vres and, since 2008, Mayor of Niort.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Lake Shore Township, Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Lake Shore Township is a township in Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 239 at the 2000 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Jean-Claude Pirotte", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Claude Pirotte (20 October 1939 \u2013 24 May 2014) was a Belgian writer, poet and painter. A French language writer, his 2006 novel, \"Une adolescence en Gueldre\", won the Prix des Deux Magots.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Tomaiul Nou", "paragraph_text": "Tomaiul Nou is a commune in Leova District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, S\u0103r\u0103\u021bica Veche and Tomaiul Nou.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Antoine Coypel", "paragraph_text": "Antoine Coypel was born in Paris. He studied under his father, with whom he spent four years at Rome. At the age of eighteen he was admitted into the Acad\u00e9mie de peinture et de sculpture, of which he became professor and rector in 1707, and director in 1714. In 1716 he was appointed king's painter, and he was ennobled in the following year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Matthieu Chedid", "paragraph_text": "Matthieu Chedid was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France, the son of French singer Louis Chedid, and the grandson of the Egyptian-born French writer and poet of Lebanese descent Andr\u00e9e Chedid who has written lyrics for him. His sister is the music video and concert director \u00c9milie Chedid.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Malcolm Shabazz", "paragraph_text": "Malcolm Shabazz was born in Paris on October 8, 1984. His father, L. A. Bouasba, was an Algerian Muslim whom Qubilah Shabazz met there. According to Malcolm, he never met his father. Other sources say Malcolm knew his father, but they had little contact with one another.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Les Deux Plateaux", "paragraph_text": "Les Deux Plateaux, more commonly known as the Colonnes de Buren, is a highly controversial art installation created by the French artist Daniel Buren in 1985\u20131986. It is located in the inner courtyard (Cour d'Honneur) of the Palais Royal in Paris, France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Qui de nous deux", "paragraph_text": "Qui de nous deux ? (2003) is an album by French singer-songwriter Matthieu Chedid in his persona as -M-. It is his third full studio album, or the fourth if including the instrumental work Labo M which he had released earlier the same year. The title of the album and its best known track means 'Which of Us Two' reflecting the ongoing contrast between Chedid's real persona and that of his invented character -M-. The album's liner notes explain that the love discussed in that song are for the pink guitar that features on both the album cover and the surreal music video that accompanied the song. The pink guitar had been specially created to celebrate the birth of Chedid's daughter Billie in 2002.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who is the father of the performer of Qui de noux deux?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 335899, "question": "Qui de nous deux >> performer", "answer": "Matthieu Chedid", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 124498, "question": "The father of #1 is whom?", "answer": "Louis Chedid", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Louis Chedid", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1788}
{"id": "2hop__517145_367341", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes", "paragraph_text": "It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khlo\u00e9's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khlo\u00e9. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Cassata", "paragraph_text": "Cassata or Cassata siciliana is a traditional sweet from Sicily, Italy. Cassata consists of round sponge cake moistened with fruit juices or liqueur and layered with ricotta cheese and candied fruit, a filling also used with cannoli. Cassata has a shell of marzipan, pink and green coloured icing, and decorative designs. Cassata may also refer to a Neapolitan ice cream containing candied or dried fruit and nuts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Saturday Night Live (season 5)", "paragraph_text": "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Green Ice (soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "Green Ice is the soundtrack to the 1981 United Kingdom science fiction film \"Green Ice\" starring Ryan O'Neal. The soundtrack was recorded by Bill Wyman and contains 18 original songs.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn \u2013 Part 2", "paragraph_text": "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn -- Part 2 (commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn: Part 2) is a 2012 American romantic drama fantasy film directed by Bill Condon and based on the novel Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer. The second part of a two - part film forms the fifth and final installment in The Twilight Saga film series, and is the conclusion of the 2011 film Breaking Dawn: Part 1. All three main cast members, Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprise their roles, with Mackenzie Foy portraying Renesmee Cullen. Alongside Pattinson, Lautner, Stewart and Foy, the film also stars an ensemble cast including Billy Burke, Peter Facinelli, Elizabeth Reaser, Kellan Lutz, Nikki Reed, Jackson Rathbone, Ashley Greene, Michael Sheen, and Dakota Fanning.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nickelodeon (film)", "paragraph_text": "Nickelodeon is a 1976 comedy film directed by Peter Bogdanovich, and stars Ryan O'Neal, Burt Reynolds and Tatum O'Neal. According to Bogdanovich, the film was based on true stories told to him by silent film directors Allan Dwan and Raoul Walsh. It was entered into the 27th Berlin International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Reaching the Cold 100", "paragraph_text": "Reaching the Cold 100 is an album recorded by the British blues band the Peter Green Splinter Group, led by Peter Green. Released in 2003, this was their eighth and final album. Green was the founder of Fleetwood Mac and a member of that group from 1967\u201370, before a sporadic solo career during the late 1970s and early 1980s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of The Young and the Restless cast members", "paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jean Desessard", "paragraph_text": "Jean Desessard (born 6 September 1952) is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. He represents Paris and is a member of Europe \u00c9cologie\u2013The Greens.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Christopher Masterson", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Green Party of Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "The Green Party of Tennessee is a state-level political party in Tennessee, and is a member of the Green Party of the United States. The party formed in 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "When It's Time", "paragraph_text": "\"When It's Time\" is a song by the American rock band Green Day from \"\", a cast recording to the musical production \"American Idiot\", a stage adaptation of the band's 2004 concept album. The song was released as a single in the United Kingdom, where it reached no. 68 on the UK Singles Chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "paragraph_text": "On March 19, 2013, Entertainment Weekly announced that Shailene Woodley (who had recently been cast in, and was filming, Divergent) would play Hazel Grace Lancaster. Director Josh Boone said: \"We read close to 150 actresses for the role, and I saw about 50 of those. Within ten or fifteen seconds of Shailene's audition, I knew she was Hazel. She held up her script pages and just her eyes were peeking over them.\" On May 10, 2013, Ansel Elgort was cast as Hazel's love interest, Augustus Waters. On July 23, Laura Dern joined the cast as Hazel's mother Frannie Lancaster, and Nat Wolff as Issac, Augustus' best friend. Wolff told HuffPost Live: \"It's exciting, I feel really lucky. The fact that I get to work with these super talented people\u2014I mean, that's part of the reason why, I'm good in the movie, that's the reason.\" On August 14, Sam Trammell was cast as Hazel's father Michael Lancaster, and on August 28, author John Green announced that Mike Birbiglia would be playing Patrick. On September 6, he tweeted that Willem Dafoe would play Peter van Houten.Prior to these announcements, author John Green had tweeted that he would be happy if Mae Whitman played Hazel, and in February 2013, there had been speculation that Shailene Woodley and Hailee Steinfeld were among those being considered for the lead role.John Green filmed a cameo appearance; his scene was cut from the film but is included in the deleted scenes section of the film's DVD and Blu-ray releases. In the cut scene, Green plays the father of a young girl who asks about Hazel's cannula while at the airport. Green said: \"They cut [the scene] because it was totally unnecessary to the movie-slash-I was terrible.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Ian Ewen-Street", "paragraph_text": "Ian Ewen-Street (born 1949) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of the Green Party and a Member of the New Zealand Parliament for the Greens from 1999 to 2005. He has been prominent in advocacy for organic farming, organic gardening and biosecurity in New Zealand.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Basketball Wives LA", "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Peter Green Splinter Group (album)", "paragraph_text": "Peter Green Splinter Group is an album by the British blues band of the same name, led by Peter Green. Released in 1997, this was their first album, and essentially the comeback album for Green, who had been out of the music business for around 10 years. Green was the founder of Fleetwood Mac and a member of that group from 1967\u201370, before a sporadic solo career during the late 1970s and early 1980s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Greene Point", "paragraph_text": "Greene Point is an ice-covered point northeast of Andrus Point in Lady Newnes Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960\u201364, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Stanley W. Greene, a biologist at McMurdo Station, 1964\u201365.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Jenny Slate", "paragraph_text": "Jenny Sarah Slate (born March 25, 1982) is an American comedian, actress, voice actress and author, best known for her role as Donna Stern in Obvious Child, as well as being the co-creator of the Marcel the Shell with Shoes On short films and children's book series. She is also known for being a cast member on Saturday Night Live for the 2009 / 10 season and for her appearances in shows such as House of Lies, Married, Parks and Recreation, Bob's Burgers, Hello Ladies, Kroll Show, and Girls.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Chuck Green", "paragraph_text": "Charles \"Chuck\" Green (November 6, 1919 \u2013 March 7, 1997) was an American tap dancer. Green was born in Fitzgerald, Georgia. He would stick bottle caps on his bare feet as a child and tap dance on the sidewalk for money. He won third place in a dance contest in 1925 in which Noble Sissle was the bandleader. Soon Green would be touring the South tap dancing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Bowling Green Plateau", "paragraph_text": "Bowling Green Plateau () is a small but prominent ice-covered plateau at the north side of the Brown Hills in the Cook Mountains in Antarctica It was named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) (1962\u201363); Professor Charles C. Rich, geologist and deputy leader of the VUWAE, was affiliated with Bowling Green State University of Ohio.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the child of the cast member of Green Ice?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 517145, "question": "Green Ice >> cast member", "answer": "Ryan O'Neal", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 367341, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Tatum O'Neal", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Tatum O'Neal", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2169}
{"id": "2hop__92051_827343", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "McMillan & Wife", "paragraph_text": "\"McMillan & Wife\" revolved around a 40-ish San Francisco police commissioner, Stuart McMillan (Rock Hudson) and his attractive, bright, affable wife Sally (Susan Saint James), who was in her twenties. Often, the storylines featured Mac and Sally attending fashionable parties and charity benefits before solving robberies and murders. John Schuck appeared as McMillan's likeable, somewhat bumbling aide Sgt. Charles Enright, and Nancy Walker played Mildred, the couple's sarcastic, hard-drinking maid, both characters serving as comic relief.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Five Finger Exercise", "paragraph_text": "The film stars Rosalind Russell, Jack Hawkins, Richard Beymer, Maximilian Schell, and Annette Gorman, with an early screen appearance from Lana Wood, the sister of Natalie Wood.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chickasaw, Louisville", "paragraph_text": "Chickasaw is a neighborhood in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Its boundaries are West Broadway, 34th Street, Hale Avenue and Chickasaw Park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Kris Kringle (Edmund Gwenn) is indignant to find that the man assigned to play Santa in the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (Percy Helton) is intoxicated. When he complains to event director Doris Walker (Maureen O'Hara), she persuades Kris to take his place. He does so well, he is hired to play Santa at Macy's flagship New York City store on 34th Street.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Susan Banks", "paragraph_text": "Susan Banks is a fictional character on NBC's daytime drama Days of Our Lives. She was played by Eileen Davidson from November 4, 1996 to April 8, 1998, and again in 2014 and 2017. Susan is the mother of Elvis ``EJ ''DiMera, and once acted as Kristen Blake's doppelganger. In November 2011, it was announced that Brynn Thayer would take over the role of Susan, since Davidson was committed to The Young and the Restless. Thayer made her appearance on December 7, 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "James Remar", "paragraph_text": "William James Remar (born December 31, 1953), is an American actor and voice actor. He played Richard, the on - off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall's character in Sex and the City, Ajax in The Warriors (1979), homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs. (1982), gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club (1984), Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat: Annihilation (1997), Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries, Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter. Since 2009, he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars. James Remar also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mara Wilson", "paragraph_text": "Mara Elizabeth Wilson (born July 24, 1987) is an American writer and former child actress. She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996) and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Susan Banks", "paragraph_text": "Susan Banks Eileen Davidson as Susan Banks Days of Our Lives character Portrayed by Eileen Davidson (1996 -- 98, 2014 -- 17) Brynn Thayer (2011) Stacy Haiduk (2018 --) Duration 1996 -- 98 2011 2014 2017 -- First appearance November 4, 1996 (1996 - 11 - 04) Created by James E. Reilly Introduced by Ken Corday and Tom Langan (1996) Ken Corday, Lisa de Cazotte and Greg Meng (2014) Ken Corday, Albert Alarr and Greg Meng (2017 -- 18) Classification Present; regular Profile Other names Susan Delilah Banks Kristen Blake Susan Crumb show Family Siblings Sister Mary Moira Banks Thomas Banks Penelope Kent Spouse John Black (1997) Edmund Crumb (1998 --?) Sons EJ DiMera Grandchildren Johnny DiMera Sydney DiMera", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tora Suber", "paragraph_text": "Tora Suber (born November 23, 1974) is a former professional basketball player who played for the Charlotte Sting and Orlando Miracle in the WNBA. She played a total of 83 games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Miracle on 34th Street Theatrical release poster Directed by George Seaton Produced by William Perlberg Screenplay by George Seaton Story by Valentine Davies Starring Maureen O'Hara John Payne Natalie Wood Edmund Gwenn Music by Cyril J. Mockridge Cinematography Lloyd Ahern Charles G. Clarke Edited by Robert L. Simpson Production company 20th Century Fox Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date June 4, 1947 (1947 - 06 - 04) Running time 96 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $630,000 Box office $2.7 million (US rentals)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Paul Walker", "paragraph_text": "Paul William Walker IV (September 12, 1973 -- November 30, 2013) was an American actor best known for his role as Brian O'Conner in The Fast and Furious franchise. Walker first gained prominence in 1999 with roles in the teen films She's All That and Varsity Blues. In 2001, he gained international fame for his performance in the street racing action film The Fast and the Furious (2001), a role he reprised in five of the next six installments, but died in 2013 in the middle of filming Furious 7 (2015).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Mr. Noodle", "paragraph_text": "Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Susan Banks", "paragraph_text": "Kristen's attempt to force Susan into giving the child back ends with the death of Susan's identical sister, Penelope Kent. Fearing she'll be charged with murder, Kristen pretends to be Susan and is forced to marry Susan's boyfriend, Edmund Crumb (Adam Caine). In the meantime, ``Susan ''and Edmund go on a honeymoon and Laura is arrested for Kristen's murder. Edmund admits to Kristen's`` murder'' and they soon run into the real Susan who explains that Kristen sold her into a harem; it is then revealed that the dead person was Susan's other sibling, Penelope Kent. To get revenge against Kristen, Susan exchanges her freedom for Kristen to be sold to the harem.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Miracle Child", "paragraph_text": "The Miracle Child (French: L'enfant du miracle) is a 1932 French science fiction film based on a play of the same name by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault. The plot of the film centers around a widow named Blanche Montel who endeavours to find a man with whom to produce a child so that she can pretend that the child was her late husband's and so inherit a fortune. In a scene which has been cited as particularly humorous, a few characters interrupt a Spiritualist s\u00e9ance and are subsequently believed to be ghosts. Ginette Leclerc's minor role in \"The Miracle Child\" was one of her first acting roles in a long and successful career.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Miracle on 34th Street (originally released in the United Kingdom as The Big Heart) is a 1947 American Christmas comedy - drama film written and directed by George Seaton and based on a story by Valentine Davies. It stars Maureen O'Hara, John Payne, Natalie Wood and Edmund Gwenn. The story takes place between Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day in New York City, and focuses on the impact of a department store Santa Claus who claims to be the real Santa. The film has become a perennial Christmas favorite.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Susan Banks", "paragraph_text": "Susan Banks is a fictional character on NBC's daytime drama Days of Our Lives. She was played by Eileen Davidson from November 4, 1996 to April 8, 1998, and again in 2014 and 2017. Susan is the eccentric mother of Elvis ``EJ ''DiMera, and once acted as Kristen Blake's doppelganger. In November 2011, it was announced that Brynn Thayer would take over the role of Susan, since Davidson was committed to The Young and the Restless. Thayer made her brief one - off appearance as Susan on December 7, 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade", "paragraph_text": "In 1924, the annual Thanksgiving parade started in Newark, New Jersey by Louis Bamberger at the Bamberger's store was transferred to New York City by Macy's. In New York, the employees marched to Macy's flagship store on 34th Street dressed in vibrant costumes. There were floats, professional bands and live animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo. At the end of that first parade, as has been the case with every parade since, Santa Claus was welcomed into Herald Square. At this first parade, Santa was enthroned on the Macy's balcony at the 34th Street store entrance, where he was then ``crowned ''`` King of the Kiddies.'' With an audience of over 250,000 people, the parade was such a success that Macy's declared it would become an annual event.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Brandon Walker", "paragraph_text": "Brandon Walker is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives. He was played by Matt Cede\u00f1o from 1999 to 2003 and again in 2004 and 2005. He is Nicole and Taylor Walker's half - brother. His mother Fay Walker had an affair with Commander Abe Carver while she was married to Paul Mendez.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Bit part", "paragraph_text": "Bit parts are often significant in the story line and sometimes pivotal, as in Jack Albertson's role as a postal worker in the 1947 feature film Miracle on 34th Street. Some characters with bit parts attract significant attention. Constantin Stanislavski remarked that ``there are no small parts, only small actors. ''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Maureen O'Hara as Doris Walker John Payne as Frederick M. ``Fred ''Gailey Edmund Gwenn as Kris Kringle Gene Lockhart as The Hon. Henry X. Harper Natalie Wood as Susan Walker Porter Hall as Granville Sawyer William Frawley as Charlie Halloran Jerome Cowan as District Attorney Thomas Mara Philip Tonge as Julian Shellhammer", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who is the sibling of the actress who played Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th street?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 92051, "question": "who played susan walker in miracle on 34th street", "answer": "Natalie Wood", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 827343, "question": "#1 >> sibling", "answer": "Lana Wood", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "Lana Wood", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2074}
{"id": "2hop__89764_827343", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tora Suber", "paragraph_text": "Tora Suber (born November 23, 1974) is a former professional basketball player who played for the Charlotte Sting and Orlando Miracle in the WNBA. She played a total of 83 games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Light as a feather, stiff as a board", "paragraph_text": "The oldest known account of levitation play comes from the diary of Samuel Pepys (1633 - 1703), a British naval administrator. Pepys's account of levitation play comes from a conversation with a friend of his, Mr. Brisband, who claimed to have seen four little girls playing light as a feather, stiff as a board in Bourdeaux, France. Pepys's account of Mr. Brisband's experience reads:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade", "paragraph_text": "In 1924, the annual Thanksgiving parade started in Newark, New Jersey by Louis Bamberger at the Bamberger's store was transferred to New York City by Macy's. In New York, the employees marched to Macy's flagship store on 34th Street dressed in vibrant costumes. There were floats, professional bands and live animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo. At the end of that first parade, as has been the case with every parade since, Santa Claus was welcomed into Herald Square. At this first parade, Santa was enthroned on the Macy's balcony at the 34th Street store entrance, where he was then ``crowned ''`` King of the Kiddies.'' With an audience of over 250,000 people, the parade was such a success that Macy's declared it would become an annual event.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Little League World Series", "paragraph_text": "The Little League Baseball World Series is an annual baseball tournament in the eastern United States for children aged 11 to 13 years old. Originally called the National Little League Tournament, it was later renamed for the World Series in Major League Baseball. The Series was first held 70 years ago in 1947 and is held every August in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. (Although the postal address of the organization is in Williamsport, the Series itself is played at Howard J. Lamade Stadium and Volunteer Stadium at the Little League headquarters complex in South Williamsport.)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Little Orchestra Society", "paragraph_text": "The Little Orchestra Society is an American orchestra based at 330 West 42nd Street, 12th Floor, in New York City. It was founded in 1947 by Thomas Scherman, who served as its conductor until his death in 1979. From 1979 to 2011 the Orchestra was led by Dino Anagnost. Its membership has ranged between 45 and 60 musicians. The orchestra's name is borrowed from The Little Orchestra of London, which was formed by Felix Mendelssohn during the Bach Revival. In 2013, the Orchestra named James Judd its new Music Director.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as \"a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant.\" Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as \"a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Kris Kringle (Edmund Gwenn) is indignant to find that the man assigned to play Santa in the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (Percy Helton) is intoxicated. When he complains to event director Doris Walker (Maureen O'Hara), she persuades Kris to take his place. He does so well, he is hired to play Santa at Macy's flagship New York City store on 34th Street.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bit part", "paragraph_text": "Bit parts are often significant in the story line and sometimes pivotal, as in Jack Albertson's role as a postal worker in the 1947 feature film Miracle on 34th Street. Some characters with bit parts attract significant attention. Constantin Stanislavski remarked that ``there are no small parts, only small actors. ''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mr. Noodle", "paragraph_text": "Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "4 Little Girls", "paragraph_text": "4 Little Girls is a 1997 American historical documentary film about the 15 September 1963 case of four African-American girls (Addie May Collins, Carol Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Rosamond Robertson) in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama. It was directed by Spike Lee and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Sloane House YMCA", "paragraph_text": "The Sloane House YMCA, also known as William Sloane House YMCA, at 356 West 34th Street in Manhattan was the largest residential YMCA building in the nation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "David Bjornson", "paragraph_text": "David Bjornson (born 7 July 1947 in Selkirk, Manitoba) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993, serving in the 34th Canadian Parliament for the Progressive Conservative party in the Selkirk riding. By career, he is an electrician.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Attorney Fred Gailey (John Payne), Doris's neighbor, takes the young divorc\u00e9e's daughter Susan (Natalie Wood) to see Santa. Doris has raised her to not believe in fairy tales, but Susan is shaken after seeing Kris speak Dutch with a girl who does not know English. Doris asks Kringle to tell Susan that he is not Santa, but he insists that he is.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Eddie Bracken", "paragraph_text": "Edward Vincent Bracken (February 7, 1915 -- November 14, 2002) was an American actor. Bracken became a Hollywood comedy legend with lead performances in the films Hail the Conquering Hero and The Miracle of Morgan's Creek both in 1944, and both have been preserved by the National Film Registry. During this era, he also had success on Broadway, with performances in plays like Too Many Girls (1941).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Kate Kellaway", "paragraph_text": "The daughter of the Australians Bill and Deborah Kellaway, she is the older sister of the journalist Lucy Kellaway. Both siblings were educated at the Camden School for Girls, where their mother was a teacher, and at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where Kate Kellaway read English.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Miracle on 34th Street (originally released in the United Kingdom as The Big Heart) is a 1947 American Christmas comedy - drama film written and directed by George Seaton and based on a story by Valentine Davies. It stars Maureen O'Hara, John Payne, Natalie Wood and Edmund Gwenn. The story takes place between Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day in New York City, and focuses on the impact of a department store Santa Claus who claims to be the real Santa. The film has become a perennial Christmas favorite.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Mara Wilson", "paragraph_text": "Mara Elizabeth Wilson (born July 24, 1987) is an American writer and former child actress. She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996) and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Five Finger Exercise", "paragraph_text": "The film stars Rosalind Russell, Jack Hawkins, Richard Beymer, Maximilian Schell, and Annette Gorman, with an early screen appearance from Lana Wood, the sister of Natalie Wood.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "James Remar", "paragraph_text": "William James Remar (born December 31, 1953), is an American actor and voice actor. He played Richard, the on - off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall's character in Sex and the City, Ajax in The Warriors (1979), homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs. (1982), gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club (1984), Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat: Annihilation (1997), Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries, Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter. Since 2009, he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars. James Remar also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Chickasaw, Louisville", "paragraph_text": "Chickasaw is a neighborhood in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Its boundaries are West Broadway, 34th Street, Hale Avenue and Chickasaw Park.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the sibling of the actress that played the little girl in Miracle on 34th street 1947?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 89764, "question": "who played the little girl in miracle on 34th street 1947", "answer": "Natalie Wood", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 827343, "question": "#1 >> sibling", "answer": "Lana Wood", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Lana Wood", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1749}
{"id": "2hop__59048_827343", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade", "paragraph_text": "In 1924, the annual Thanksgiving parade started in Newark, New Jersey by Louis Bamberger at the Bamberger's store was transferred to New York City by Macy's. In New York, the employees marched to Macy's flagship store on 34th Street dressed in vibrant costumes. There were floats, professional bands and live animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo. At the end of that first parade, as has been the case with every parade since, Santa Claus was welcomed into Herald Square. At this first parade, Santa was enthroned on the Macy's balcony at the 34th Street store entrance, where he was then ``crowned ''`` King of the Kiddies.'' With an audience of over 250,000 people, the parade was such a success that Macy's declared it would become an annual event.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sloane House YMCA", "paragraph_text": "The Sloane House YMCA, also known as William Sloane House YMCA, at 356 West 34th Street in Manhattan was the largest residential YMCA building in the nation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Attorney Fred Gailey (John Payne), Doris's neighbor, takes the young divorc\u00e9e's daughter Susan (Natalie Wood) to see Santa. Doris has raised her to not believe in fairy tales, but Susan is shaken after seeing Kris speak Dutch with a girl who does not know English. Doris asks Kringle to tell Susan that he is not Santa, but he insists that he is.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s. It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the late pontiff. In February 2014, it was reported that the consulting Vatican theologians to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints recognized the miracle attributed to the late pontiff.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Harold Owen", "paragraph_text": "(William) Harold Owen (5 September 1897 - 26 November 1971) was the younger brother and biographer of the English poet and soldier, Wilfred Owen. He was born at the home of his paternal grandparents in Canon Street, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, where his parents and older siblings then lodged before his father moved on promotion to a station master's post at Birkenhead in 1898.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Kris Kringle (Edmund Gwenn) is indignant to find that the man assigned to play Santa in the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (Percy Helton) is intoxicated. When he complains to event director Doris Walker (Maureen O'Hara), she persuades Kris to take his place. He does so well, he is hired to play Santa at Macy's flagship New York City store on 34th Street.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Susie, Washington", "paragraph_text": "Susie is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Washington, United States, located approximately 25 miles southwest of Othello on the Hanford Nuclear Reservation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tora Suber", "paragraph_text": "Tora Suber (born November 23, 1974) is a former professional basketball player who played for the Charlotte Sting and Orlando Miracle in the WNBA. She played a total of 83 games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "James Remar", "paragraph_text": "William James Remar (born December 31, 1953), is an American actor and voice actor. He played Richard, the on - off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall's character in Sex and the City, Ajax in The Warriors (1979), homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs. (1982), gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club (1984), Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat: Annihilation (1997), Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries, Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter. Since 2009, he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars. James Remar also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Chickasaw, Louisville", "paragraph_text": "Chickasaw is a neighborhood in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Its boundaries are West Broadway, 34th Street, Hale Avenue and Chickasaw Park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Susie Bootja Bootja Napaltjarri", "paragraph_text": "Susie Bootja Bootja Napaltjarri (also referred to as Susie Bootja Bootja Napangardi, Napangarti, or Napangati) (c. 1935 \u2013 16 January 2003) was an Indigenous artist from Australia's Western Desert region. Born south-west of Balgo, Western Australia, in the 1950s Susie Bootja Bootja married artist Mick Gill Tjakamarra, with whom she had a son, Matthew Gill Tjupurrula (also an artist).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Five Finger Exercise", "paragraph_text": "The film stars Rosalind Russell, Jack Hawkins, Richard Beymer, Maximilian Schell, and Annette Gorman, with an early screen appearance from Lana Wood, the sister of Natalie Wood.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Miracle on Ice", "paragraph_text": "The ``Miracle on Ice ''refers to a medal - round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States, and the four - time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Bit part", "paragraph_text": "Bit parts are often significant in the story line and sometimes pivotal, as in Jack Albertson's role as a postal worker in the 1947 feature film Miracle on 34th Street. Some characters with bit parts attract significant attention. Constantin Stanislavski remarked that ``there are no small parts, only small actors. ''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Mara Wilson", "paragraph_text": "Mara Elizabeth Wilson (born July 24, 1987) is an American writer and former child actress. She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996) and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "The Miracle Child", "paragraph_text": "The Miracle Child (French: L'enfant du miracle) is a 1932 French science fiction film based on a play of the same name by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault. The plot of the film centers around a widow named Blanche Montel who endeavours to find a man with whom to produce a child so that she can pretend that the child was her late husband's and so inherit a fortune. In a scene which has been cited as particularly humorous, a few characters interrupt a Spiritualist s\u00e9ance and are subsequently believed to be ghosts. Ginette Leclerc's minor role in \"The Miracle Child\" was one of her first acting roles in a long and successful career.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Miracle of the White Stallions", "paragraph_text": "Miracle of the White Stallions is a 1963 film released by Walt Disney starring Robert Taylor (playing Alois Podhajsky), Lilli Palmer, and Eddie Albert. It is the story of the evacuation of the Lipizzaner horses from the Spanish Riding School in Vienna during World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Mr. Noodle", "paragraph_text": "Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Mississauga Power", "paragraph_text": "The Mississauga Power were a Canadian professional basketball team based in Mississauga, Ontario, that competed in the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL). Established in as the Oshawa Power, they played in the Central Division. The Oshawa team began play in the inaugural NBL Canada season, along with the London Lightning, Moncton Miracles, and Summerside Storm and three Premier Basketball League (PBL) teams.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Miracle on 34th Street Theatrical release poster Directed by George Seaton Produced by William Perlberg Screenplay by George Seaton Story by Valentine Davies Starring Maureen O'Hara John Payne Natalie Wood Edmund Gwenn Music by Cyril J. Mockridge Cinematography Lloyd Ahern Charles G. Clarke Edited by Robert L. Simpson Production company 20th Century Fox Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date June 4, 1947 (1947 - 06 - 04) Running time 96 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $630,000 Box office $2.7 million (US rentals)", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Whose sister played Susie in miracle on 34th street?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 59048, "question": "who played susie in miracle on 34th street", "answer": "Natalie Wood", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 827343, "question": "#1 >> sibling", "answer": "Lana Wood", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}], "answer": "Lana Wood", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1708}
{"id": "2hop__14121_15463", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Macintosh", "paragraph_text": "Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacBook Air. The Air has been the best-selling ultra-portable in certain countries over Windows Ultrabooks, particularly the United States. While several Ultrabooks were able to claim individual distinctions such as being the lightest or thinnest, the Air was regarded by reviewers as the best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable in regard to \"OS X experience, full keyboard, superior trackpad, Thunderbolt connector and the higher-quality, all-aluminum unibody construction\". The Air was among the first to receive Intel's latest CPUs before other PC manufacturers, and OS X has gained market share on Windows in recent years. Through July 1, 2013, the MacBook Air took in 56 percent of all Ultrabook sales in the United States, although being one of the higher-priced competitors, though several Ultrabooks with better features were often more expensive than the MacBook Air. The competitive pricing of MacBooks was particularly effective when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks, as this contradicted the established \"elitist aura\" perception that Apple products cost more but were higher quality, which made these most expensive Ultrabooks seem exorbitant no matter how valid their higher prices were.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Macintosh", "paragraph_text": "Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "American Brass Company", "paragraph_text": "The American Brass Company was an American brass manufacturing company based in Connecticut and active from 1893 to 1960. The company's predecessors were the Wolcottville Brass Company and the Ansonia Brass and Battery Company. It was the first large brass manufacturing firm in the United States, and for much of its existence was the largest brass manufacturer in the country. It was purchased by the Anaconda Copper Company in 1922, and merged into Anaconda's other brass manufacturing concerns (losing its identity and name in the process) in 1960.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "IKCO Dena", "paragraph_text": "IKCO Dena is a family car manufactured by Iran Khodro (IKCO) auto company; it was unveiled in April 2011, but mass-production only began in 2015. Its price range will be between USD$12,000 and USD$13,000, depending on the specific model and accessories. Dena will replace the IKCO Samand in non-domestic markets after the manufacturer starts mass production.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "History of Dell", "paragraph_text": "In 1984, the company produced the first computer of its own design -- the ``Turbo PC '', sold for US $795 -- containing an Intel 8088 - compatible processor running at a speed of 8 MHz. PC's Limited advertised the systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers, and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. This offered buyers prices lower than those of retail brands, but with greater convenience than assembling the components themselves. Although not the first company to use this model, PC's Limited became one of the first to succeed with it. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of trading.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Celestial Games", "paragraph_text": "Celestial Games is an independent video game development company based in Johannesburg, South Africa that started in 1994. They published two PC titles then closed their doors in 2001. In 2010, they reopened the company to work on a HD version of their most successful title, \"Toxic Bunny\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List price", "paragraph_text": "The list price, also known as the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP), or the recommended retail price (RRP), or the suggested retail price (SRP), of a product is the price at which the manufacturer recommends that the retailer sell the product. The intention was to help to standardise prices among locations. While some stores always sell at, or below, the suggested retail price, others do so only when items are on sale or closeout / clearance.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican plenipotentiary representatives Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, and established the U.S.\u2013Mexican border of the Rio Grande. As news of peace negotiations reached the state, new call to arms began to flare among the people of the state. But as the Mexican officials in Chihuahua heard that General Price was heading back to Mexico with a large force comprising several companies of infantry and three companies of cavalry and one division of light artillery from Santa Fe on February 8, 1848, \u00c1ngel Tr\u00edas sent a message to Sacramento Pass to ask for succession of the area as they understood the war had concluded. General Price, misunderstanding this as a deception by the Mexican forces, continued to advance towards the state capital. On March 16, 1848 Price began negotiations with \u00c1ngel Tr\u00edas, but the Mexican leader responded with an ultimatum to General Price. The American forces engaged with the Mexican forces near Santa Cruz de los Rosales on March 16, 1848. The Battle of Santa Cruz de los Rosales was the last battle of the Mexican\u2013American War and it occurred after the peace treaty was signed. The American forces maintained control over the state capital for three months after the confirmation of the peace treaty. The American presence served to delay the possible succession of the state which had been discussed at the end of 1847, and the state remained under United States occupation until May 22, 1848.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dell", "paragraph_text": "Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting \"got in the way,\" aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional \"bloatware\" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the \"Dell Hell\" prominent on Internet search engines.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Windows 8", "paragraph_text": "Windows 8 was distributed as a retail box product on DVD, and through a digital download that could be converted into DVD or USB install media. As part of a launch promotion, Microsoft offered Windows 8 Pro upgrades at a discounted price of US$39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box from its launch until January 31, 2013; afterward the Windows 8 price has been $119.99 and the Pro price $199.99. Those who purchased new PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013 could digitally purchase a Windows 8 Pro upgrade for US$14.99. Several PC manufacturers offered rebates and refunds on Windows 8 upgrades obtained through the promotion on select models, such as Hewlett-Packard (in the U.S. and Canada on select models), and Acer (in Europe on selected Ultrabook models). During these promotions, the Windows Media Center add-on for Windows 8 Pro was also offered for free.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Dell", "paragraph_text": "From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Death to Spies", "paragraph_text": "Death to Spies () is a stealth third-person shooter PC game set in World War II and produced by 1C Company and Russian studio Haggard Games. The game was released on October 17, 2007 on PC and then later to Valve's digital distribution system, Steam, on March 12, 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ensign Manufacturing Company", "paragraph_text": "Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Gjensidige NOR", "paragraph_text": "Gjensidige NOR was a Norwegian bank and insurance company that was in existence between 1999 and 2003. The company was created when the two savings banks Sparebanken NOR (bank) and Gjensidige (insurance) were merged in 1999. In 2002 Norwegian savings banks were allowed to become public limited company and was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. In 2003 the company was merged with Den norske Bank to form DnB NOR, while the original insurance company Gjensidige was demerged and again became a separate company in 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "T-Mobile US", "paragraph_text": "T - Mobile US traces its roots to the 1994 establishment of VoiceStream Wireless PCS as a subsidiary of Western Wireless Corporation. Spun off from parent Western Wireless on May 3, 1999, VoiceStream Wireless was purchased by Deutsche Telekom AG in 2001 for $35 billion and renamed T - Mobile USA, Inc. in July, 2002. In 2013, T - Mobile and MetroPCS finalized a merger of the two companies. The two companies began trading as T - Mobile US.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Martha Stewart", "paragraph_text": "On October 19, 1999, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia went public on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol MSO. The initial public offering was set at $18 per share, and rallied to $38 by the end of trading, making Stewart a billionaire on paper and the first female, self-made billionaire in the U.S. The stock price slowly went down to $16 per share by February 2002. Stewart was then and continues to be the majority shareholder, commanding 96% control of voting power in the company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Colin (film)", "paragraph_text": "Colin is a 2008 British zombie film written and directed by Marc Price. After a successful run in a number of film festivals, it went on to be shown at Cannes in 2009. Applauded for its success despite its low budget, the total cost of production was reportedly \u00a345. The director, actor and comedian Marc Price, shot \"Colin\" on a standard definition Panasonic mini-dv camcorder that he had owned for 10 years and edited the film on his home PC using Adobe Premiere 6 software which had come bundled with a video capture card he'd purchased a few years earlier. Facebook and Myspace were used to gather actors to play the zombies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "General Electric", "paragraph_text": "During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Beaver Motorcoach Corporation", "paragraph_text": "Beaver Motorcoach Corporation (also known as Beaver Coach) is a defunct American motor coach manufacturing company that was based in Oregon. The company's manufacturing plant was initially located in Bend and later moved to Coburg. After its initial bankruptcy, the Beaver Coach brand name was purchased by a series of parent companies before it finally disappeared in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Subaru", "paragraph_text": "Fuji Heavy Industries started out as The Aircraft Research Laboratory in 1915, headed by Chikuhei Nakajima. In 1932, the company was reorganized as Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd and soon became a major manufacturer of aircraft for Japan during World War II. At the end of the Second World War Nakajima Aircraft was again reorganized, this time as Fuji Sangyo Co, Ltd. In 1946, the company created the Fuji Rabbit motor scooter with spare aircraft parts from the war. In 1950, Fuji Sangyo was divided into 12 smaller corporations according to the Japanese Government's 1950 Corporate Credit Rearrangement Act, anti-zaibatsu legislation. Between 1953 and 1955, four of these corporations and a newly formed corporation decided to merge to form Fuji Heavy Industries. These companies were: Fuji Kogyo, a scooter manufacturer; coachbuilders Fuji Jidosha; engine manufacturers Omiya Fuji Kogyo; chassis builders Utsunomiya Sharyo and the Tokyo Fuji Dangyo trading company.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What company did the company that initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1994 merge with in 2002?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 14121, "question": "Who initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1994?", "answer": "Compaq", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}, {"id": 15463, "question": "What company did #1 merge with in 2002?", "answer": "Hewlett Packard", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "Hewlett Packard", "answer_aliases": ["Hewlett-Packard"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2929}
{"id": "2hop__817096_15463", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "CEMM", "paragraph_text": "In 1986, Compaq was the first vendor to ship a PC compatible computer with a 386 CPU, the Deskpro 386, and it was natural for them to develop solutions leveraging the specific features of their new hardware and in this case allowing existing EMS-compatible DOS programs to access all the memory.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Verizon Communications", "paragraph_text": "As part of a rebranding of the Baby Bells in the mid-1990s, all of Bell Atlantic's operating companies assumed the holding company's name. In 1997, Bell Atlantic expanded into New York and the New England states by merging with fellow Baby Bell NYNEX. Although Bell Atlantic was the surviving company name, the merged company moved its headquarters from Philadelphia to NYNEX's old headquarters in New York City. In 2000, Bell Atlantic acquired GTE, which operated telecommunications companies across most of the rest of the country that was not already in Bell Atlantic's footprint. Bell Atlantic, the surviving entity, changed its name to \"Verizon\", a portmanteau of \"\" (Latin for \"truth\") and \"horizon\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Couchbase Server", "paragraph_text": "On February 8, 2011, the Membase project founders and Membase, Inc. announced a merger with CouchOne (a company with many of the principal players behind CouchDB) with an associated project merger. The merged company was called Couchbase, Inc. In January 2012, Couchbase released Couchbase Server 1.8.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Drentse Courant", "paragraph_text": "The Drentse Courant is a former regional newspaper from the Netherlands. It was published from 1991 to 2002. It was a merger of the \"Drentse en Asser Courant\" (1961) en \"Hoogeveens Dagblad\" (1966), themselves also merged newspapers. In 2002, the \"Drentse Courant\" merged with the \"Nieuwsblad van het Noorden\" and the \"Groninger Dagblad\" into the \"Dagblad van het Noorden\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nord Aviation", "paragraph_text": "The company was based in the centre of France, on the site of Bourges airport, in the d\u00e9partement of Cher. In 1970, Nord Aviation merged with Sud Aviation to create \"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale d'industrie a\u00e9rospatiale\" (SNIAS), later renamed A\u00e9rospatiale and ultimately merged into European aerospace corporation Airbus in 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ensign Manufacturing Company", "paragraph_text": "Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Presto Studios", "paragraph_text": "In August 2002, Presto Studios shut down new development after the release of an Xbox title \"Whacked!\". In a statement, Greg Uhler (executive producer) announced the closing of the company:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "P&O Portsmouth", "paragraph_text": "P&O Portsmouth was the name for P&O European Ferries' Portsmouth operations from 1999 to 2002 when it was merged with the Dover Operations to become P&O Ferries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nieuwsblad van het Noorden", "paragraph_text": "The Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (; \"Newspaper of the North\") is a former regional daily newspaper from the city of Groningen in the Netherlands. It was published from 1888 to 2002, when it was merged with the \"Groninger Dagblad\" and the \"Drentse Courant\" into the \"Dagblad van het Noorden\", which published its first edition on 2 April 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "American Brass Company", "paragraph_text": "The American Brass Company was an American brass manufacturing company based in Connecticut and active from 1893 to 1960. The company's predecessors were the Wolcottville Brass Company and the Ansonia Brass and Battery Company. It was the first large brass manufacturing firm in the United States, and for much of its existence was the largest brass manufacturer in the country. It was purchased by the Anaconda Copper Company in 1922, and merged into Anaconda's other brass manufacturing concerns (losing its identity and name in the process) in 1960.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Battlefield (video game series)", "paragraph_text": "Battlefield is a series of first - person shooter video games that started out on Microsoft Windows and OS X with Battlefield 1942, which was released in 2002. The series is developed by Swedish company EA DICE and is published by American company Electronic Arts. The series features a particular focus on large maps, teamwork and vehicle warfare. The PC games in the series are mainly focused on online multiplayer. The Battlefield series has been played by more than 50 million players worldwide as of 2012, across 11 games and 12 expansion packs released since its inception in 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "FedSat", "paragraph_text": "FedSat (Australia's 'Federation Satellite') is an Australian scientific research satellite launched from Tanegashima Space Center, Japan by a NASDA H-IIA launch vehicle in December 2002 (NASDA is now merged with JAXA). The satellite was developed by the Cooperative Research Centre for Satellite Systems, a cooperative made up of several universities, commercial organisations and government bodies. The ground station is at the Institute for Telecommunications Research, part of the University of South Australia, near Adelaide. Since 2005 it was operated by the Australian Department of Defence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Dell", "paragraph_text": "From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Spectrum HoloByte", "paragraph_text": "Hasbro Interactive acquired the merged company in 1998, and what had been Spectrum HoloByte ceased to exist when the development studio in Alameda, California was closed in 1999. Hasbro subsequently sold all the assets of the various Hasbro Interactive studios to Infogrames, including the Atari brand itself.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Ville Saint-Pierre", "paragraph_text": "Ville Saint-Pierre is a small neighbourhood of the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, located in the Borough of Lachine. It was a separate town until it merged with Lachine in 1999. In 2002, the amalgamated city of Lachine merged into Montreal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Software 2000", "paragraph_text": "The company produced several titles with small development teams. This proved fatal with the rising standards of full priced games. With falling sales and important figures leaving the company, Software 2000 filed for bankruptcy in 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Gjensidige NOR", "paragraph_text": "Gjensidige NOR was a Norwegian bank and insurance company that was in existence between 1999 and 2003. The company was created when the two savings banks Sparebanken NOR (bank) and Gjensidige (insurance) were merged in 1999. In 2002 Norwegian savings banks were allowed to become public limited company and was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. In 2003 the company was merged with Den norske Bank to form DnB NOR, while the original insurance company Gjensidige was demerged and again became a separate company in 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Street & Racing Technology", "paragraph_text": "Street & Racing Technology (commonly called SRT) is a high - performance automobile group within Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. SRT began as ``Team Viper ''to develop the Dodge Viper. It later merged with`` Team Prowler'', the developers of the Plymouth Prowler, to become Specialty Vehicle Engineering (SVE). This was renamed Performance Vehicle Operations (PVO) in January of 2002. Since all PVO vehicles used the SRT name, the PVO development group was renamed SRT in 2004. SRT heavily tunes and produces vehicles for the Chrysler, Dodge, and Jeep brands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Comcast", "paragraph_text": "In 2001, Comcast announced it would acquire the assets of the largest cable television operator at the time, AT&T Broadband, for US$44.5 billion. The proposed name for the merged company was \"AT&T Comcast\", but the companies ultimately decided to keep only the Comcast name. In 2002, Comcast acquired all assets of AT&T Broadband, thus making Comcast the largest cable television company in the United States with over 22 million subscribers. This also spurred the start of Comcast Advertising Sales (using AT&T's groundwork) which would later be renamed Comcast Spotlight. As part of this acquisition, Comcast also acquired the National Digital Television Center in Centennial, Colorado as a wholly owned subsidiary, which is today known as the Comcast Media Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Rockville Township, Stearns County, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Rockville Township was a township in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,254 at the 2000 census. On 1 June 2002, Rockville Township and the city of Pleasant Lake were merged into the city of Rockville.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What company merged in 2002 with the CEMM developer?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 817096, "question": "CEMM >> developer", "answer": "Compaq", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 15463, "question": "What company did #1 merge with in 2002?", "answer": "Hewlett Packard", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "Hewlett Packard", "answer_aliases": ["Hewlett-Packard"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1817}
{"id": "2hop__14095_15463", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Subaru", "paragraph_text": "Fuji Heavy Industries started out as The Aircraft Research Laboratory in 1915, headed by Chikuhei Nakajima. In 1932, the company was reorganized as Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd and soon became a major manufacturer of aircraft for Japan during World War II. At the end of the Second World War Nakajima Aircraft was again reorganized, this time as Fuji Sangyo Co, Ltd. In 1946, the company created the Fuji Rabbit motor scooter with spare aircraft parts from the war. In 1950, Fuji Sangyo was divided into 12 smaller corporations according to the Japanese Government's 1950 Corporate Credit Rearrangement Act, anti-zaibatsu legislation. Between 1953 and 1955, four of these corporations and a newly formed corporation decided to merge to form Fuji Heavy Industries. These companies were: Fuji Kogyo, a scooter manufacturer; coachbuilders Fuji Jidosha; engine manufacturers Omiya Fuji Kogyo; chassis builders Utsunomiya Sharyo and the Tokyo Fuji Dangyo trading company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dell", "paragraph_text": "In the shrinking PC industry, Dell continued to lose market share, as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world. Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus, and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and willing to accept lower profit margins. In addition, while the Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design, for instance Lenovo's ThinkPad series was winning corporate customers away from Dell's laptops, Dell's customer service and reputation had been slipping. Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, behind Apple Inc.'s Macintosh that took 45 percent, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, six percent at Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Macintosh", "paragraph_text": "The Macintosh, however, was expensive, which hindered its ability to be competitive in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers, as well as the IBM Personal Computer and its accompanying clone market for businesses. Macintosh systems still found success in education and desktop publishing and kept Apple as the second-largest PC manufacturer for the next decade. In the 1990s, improvements in the rival Wintel platform, notably with the introduction of Windows 3.0, then Windows 95, gradually took market share from the more expensive Macintosh systems. The performance advantage of 68000-based Macintosh systems was eroded by Intel's Pentium, and in 1994 Apple was relegated to third place as Compaq became the top PC manufacturer. Even after a transition to the superior PowerPC-based Power Macintosh (later renamed the PowerMac, in line with the PowerBook series) line in 1994, the falling prices of commodity PC components and the release of Windows 95 saw the Macintosh user base decline.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Microcomputer", "paragraph_text": "In 1979, the launch of the VisiCalc spreadsheet (initially for the Apple II) first turned the microcomputer from a hobby for computer enthusiasts into a business tool. After the 1981 release by IBM of its IBM PC, the term personal computer became generally used for microcomputers compatible with the IBM PC architecture (PC compatible).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Polonia Warsaw", "paragraph_text": "In July 2008, Polonia Warsaw merged with Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski (3rd in the Ekstraklasa in 2007/08) and took over its place in the Polish top division. Most of Dyskobolia's players moved to Warsaw to form the core of Polonia's new team. Several players from Polonia's old squad stayed in the club too. The team managed to finish 4th at the end of the 2008/2009 season, and subsequently reached the 3rd qualification round of the Europa League. After beating Budu\u0107nost Podgorica and thrashing Juvenes/Dogana, Polonia gave in to the Dutch side NAC Breda", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dragon Knight 4", "paragraph_text": "Dragon Knight 4 (\u30c9\u30e9\u30b4\u30f3\u30ca\u30a4\u30c8\uff14) is an erotic role-playing video game developed by ELF Corporation and released only in Japan for several platforms between 1994 and 1997. In 1994, the game first became available for PC MS-DOS, NEC PC-9801 and X68000, with a censored version ported to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1996 and later to the PC-FX, PlayStation and Sega Saturn in 1997. It was also adapted into illustrated novels and an anime miniseries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Macintosh", "paragraph_text": "The Macintosh (/ \u02c8m\u00e6k\u026an\u02cct\u0252\u0283 / MAK - in - tosh; branded as Mac since 1998) is a family of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was the company's first mass - market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse. This first model was later renamed to ``Macintosh 128k ''for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple's same proprietary architecture. Since 1998, Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of`` Mac'', though the product family has been nicknamed ``Mac ''or`` the Mac'' since the development of the first model.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "USS Patriot (PYc-47)", "paragraph_text": "USS \"Patriot\" (PYc-47), formerly the \"Katoura\", was built in 1930 by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company in Bristol, Rhode Island United States and purchased by the United States Navy, for $1.00, from Mr. A. Loomis of New York City on 20 September 1940. She was converted for Navy service as a submarine chaser at the Greenport Basin and Construction Company at Greenport, New York and designated PC\u2013455 on 4 November 1940. She was placed in service 27 February 1941.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Celestial Games", "paragraph_text": "Celestial Games is an independent video game development company based in Johannesburg, South Africa that started in 1994. They published two PC titles then closed their doors in 2001. In 2010, they reopened the company to work on a HD version of their most successful title, \"Toxic Bunny\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Diamond Multimedia", "paragraph_text": "Diamond Multimedia is an American company that specializes in many forms of multimedia technology. They have produced graphics cards, motherboards, modems, sound cards and MP3 players, however the company began with the production of the TrackStar, a PC add-on card which emulated Apple II computers. They were one of the major players in the 2D and early 3D graphics card competition throughout the 1990s and early 2000s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Ensign Manufacturing Company", "paragraph_text": "Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "American Brass Company", "paragraph_text": "The American Brass Company was an American brass manufacturing company based in Connecticut and active from 1893 to 1960. The company's predecessors were the Wolcottville Brass Company and the Ansonia Brass and Battery Company. It was the first large brass manufacturing firm in the United States, and for much of its existence was the largest brass manufacturer in the country. It was purchased by the Anaconda Copper Company in 1922, and merged into Anaconda's other brass manufacturing concerns (losing its identity and name in the process) in 1960.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Project Space Station", "paragraph_text": "Project Space Station is a game published in 1985 by HESware, originally written for the Commodore 64 home computer, then ported to the Apple II series and PC compatibles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "T-Mobile US", "paragraph_text": "T - Mobile US traces its roots to the 1994 establishment of VoiceStream Wireless PCS as a subsidiary of Western Wireless Corporation. Spun off from parent Western Wireless on May 3, 1999, VoiceStream Wireless was purchased by Deutsche Telekom AG in 2001 for $35 billion and renamed T - Mobile USA, Inc. in July, 2002. In 2013, T - Mobile and MetroPCS finalized a merger of the two companies. The two companies began trading as T - Mobile US.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "History of Dell", "paragraph_text": "In 1984, the company produced the first computer of its own design -- the ``Turbo PC '', sold for US $795 -- containing an Intel 8088 - compatible processor running at a speed of 8 MHz. PC's Limited advertised the systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers, and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. This offered buyers prices lower than those of retail brands, but with greater convenience than assembling the components themselves. Although not the first company to use this model, PC's Limited became one of the first to succeed with it. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of trading.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "General Electric", "paragraph_text": "During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Dell", "paragraph_text": "From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Macintosh", "paragraph_text": "Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Cork (city)", "paragraph_text": "Cork City is at the heart of industry in the south of Ireland. Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region. The most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is Viagra. Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where over 3,000 staff are involved in manufacturing, R&D and customer support. Logitech and EMC Corporation are also important IT employers in the area. Three hospitals are also among the top ten employers in the city (see table below).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "USB", "paragraph_text": "The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\" and 12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/s data rate was intended for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and the lower 1.5 Mbit/s rate for low data rate devices such as joysticks. Apple Inc.'s iMac was the first mainstream product with USB and the iMac's success popularized USB itself. Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In 2002, what company merged with the top PC manufacturer from 1994?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 14095, "question": "Who became the top PC manufacturer in 1994, leaving Apple in 3rd place?", "answer": "Compaq", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 15463, "question": "What company did #1 merge with in 2002?", "answer": "Hewlett Packard", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Hewlett Packard", "answer_aliases": ["Hewlett-Packard"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2516}
{"id": "2hop__485221_544917", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Washington Island (Michigan)", "paragraph_text": "Washington Island is an uninhabited island in Lake Superior. It is within the boundary of Keweenaw County and Isle Royale National Park, a national park located within the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the westernmost point marked on most maps of the elongated archipelago that makes up this park. However, a small islet called \"Bottle Island\" and an even smaller shoal that breaks the lake surface, Rock of Ages, are located further westward.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)", "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Powwow Pond", "paragraph_text": "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", "paragraph_text": "What's Eating Gilbert Grape was shot in Texas, in various towns and cities; Austin and Pflugerville were primary locations, as well as Manor, where the water tower featured in the film was located.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Candaba Swamp", "paragraph_text": "Candaba Swamp is located in the Candaba, Pampanga province, 60\u00a0km northeast of Manila in the Philippines. It encompasses about 32,000 ha, made of freshwater ponds, swamps and marshes surrounded by seasonally flooded grasslands. The entire area becomes submerged underwater during the wet season. It dries out during the months of November to April. Then the swamp is converted to farmland by the locals. Watermelon and rice are usually planted, comprising the vegetation of the floodplain, together with patches of Nipa palm and some mangrove species.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Metropolis Coffee Company", "paragraph_text": "Metropolis Coffee Company is a coffee roasting company, wholesaler and retailer with locations at 1039 W. Granville Avenue and 3057 N. Rockwell Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. The company supplies coffee to hundreds of cafes and restaurants throughout the US, Canada, and Korea. In 2005, they were named by \"Newcity\" as the best place in Chicago to buy coffee beans and noted for their donation of $2 to Oxfam for Tsunami for each pound of beans purchased. Metropolis is also a back-to-back winner of the Good Food Awards, and winner of Roast Magazine's Roaster of the Year - A national roasting competition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)", "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Splash Kingdom Waterpark", "paragraph_text": "Splash Kingdom Waterpark (formerly known as Pharaoh's Lost Kingdom) is an Egyptian-beach themed water park, trampoline park, and concert venue located in Redlands, California, United States. Splash Kingdom is the largest water park in the Inland Empire. The park is known for having the world's tallest enclosed body-flume waterslide, and the world's tallest free-standing water slide tower. Splash Kingdom also has a Fun Park which includes three race cart tracks, bumper boats, and mini golf. The park also boasts a concert amphitheater, sports bar, and arcade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lake District", "paragraph_text": "The Lake District is located entirely within the county of Cumbria. All the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (914 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, Wast Water and Windermere.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Arecibo Catena", "paragraph_text": "Arecibo Catena (Arecibo Vallis until March 2013) is a catena on Mercury. It is located at latitude 27.5 S, longitude 28.4 W, in the hilly and chaotic terrain antipodal to Caloris Basin. It is named after Arecibo Observatory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Caf\u00e9 Coffee Day", "paragraph_text": "Coffee Day Global Limited Cafe Coffee Day logo Trading name Caf\u00e9 Coffee Day Type Subsidiary of Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Traded as BSE: 539436 NSE: COFFEEDAY (parent company) ISIN INE335K01011 Industry Coffeehouse Founded 1996; 22 years ago (1996) Headquarters Coffee Day Square, Vittal Mallya Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Number of locations 1,556 (17 October 2015) Area served India, Austria, Czech Republic, Malaysia and Egypt Key people V.G. Siddhartha (Chairman) Products Coffee Tea Pastries cappuccino beverages Smoothies Revenue \u20b913.26 billion (US $210 million) (2015) Number of employees 5000 + Parent Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Subsidiaries Caf\u00e9 Emporio Coffee Day Fresh 'n Ground Coffee Day Xpress Coffee Day Take Away Coffee Day Exports Coffee Day Perfect Coffee Day Beverages Website www.cafecoffeeday.com", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Kuramo Beach", "paragraph_text": "Kuramo Beach is a sandy beach in Lagos, Nigeria, located at the south side of Victoria Island, just east of Bar Beach and south of the Kuramo Waters lagoon. It was the location of numerous illegal shanties and cabins, some of them being used for music entertainment, bars and prostitution. In August 2012, a surge of the Atlantic Ocean hit Kuramo Beach, destroying some of these shacks and killing 16 people. The next day government authorities evacuated the area, demolished the remaining shacks and began to refill the sand.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Contoocook Lake", "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Nughu", "paragraph_text": "Nughu is an island in the Solomon Islands; it is located in Guadalcanal Province. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 12 metres.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Coffee Swamp", "paragraph_text": "Coffee Swamp is a two acre freshwater swamp located on the northern edge of Washington Island, in Door County Wisconsin and is a designated state natural area since 1994. The swamp represents a boreal forest, and hosts a number of plant species including various sedges, ferns and other rare plants.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Starbucks", "paragraph_text": "Starbucks Corporation Starbucks headquarters at Starbucks Center in Seattle, Washington Type Public Traded as NASDAQ: SBUX NASDAQ - 100 Component S&P 100 Component S&P 500 Component Industry Coffee shop Founded March 31, 1971; 46 years ago (1971 - 03 - 31) Pike Place Market, Elliott Bay, Seattle, Washington, U.S. Founder Jerry Baldwin Zev Siegl Gordon Bowker Headquarters 2401 Utah Avenue South, Seattle, Washington, U.S. Number of locations 26,696 (2017) Area served Worldwide Key people Howard Schultz (Executive Chairman) Kevin Johnson (President and CEO) Products Coffee beverages smoothies tea baked goods sandwiches Revenue US $19.16 billion (2015) Operating income US $3.6 billion (2015) Net income US $2.76 billion (2015) Total assets US $12.45 billion (2015) Total equity US $5.82 billion (2015) Number of employees 238,000 (2016) Subsidiaries Starbucks Coffee Company Ethos Water Evolution Fresh Hear Music La Boulange Bakery Seattle's Best Coffee Tazo Teavana Torrefazione Italia Website www.starbucks.com", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Fountain of the Mermaid of Lleida", "paragraph_text": "The Fountain of the Mermaid of Lleida is a fountain located in the Parc des Champs Elysees in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It features a mermaid holding in a hand a conch, which released the water. The fountain is surrounded by a garden.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Wapizagonke Lake", "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Coffee", "paragraph_text": "Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant. The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and R\u00e9union in the Indian Ocean. The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as beans) are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and brewed with near - boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What body of water includes the terrain feature where Coffee Swamp is located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 485221, "question": "Coffee Swamp >> located on terrain feature", "answer": "Washington Island", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 544917, "question": "#1 >> located in or next to body of water", "answer": "Lake Superior", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}], "answer": "Lake Superior", "answer_aliases": ["Superior"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1877}
{"id": "2hop__198459_61845", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mido (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Mido started his career with Zamalek in Egypt in 1999. He left the club for Gent of Belgium in 2000, where he won the Belgian Ebony Shoe. This led to a move to Dutch side Ajax in 2001, from where he joined Celta Vigo on loan in 2003. His next destination was Marseille in France and he left them for Italian side Roma in 2004. He joined English side Tottenham Hotspur on an 18 - month loan in 2005 and eventually joined the club permanently in 2006. He left the club in 2007 to join Middlesbrough, from whom he joined Wigan Athletic, Zamalek, West Ham United and Ajax on loan. In 2011, he rejoined Zamalek, before joining Barnsley in 2012. He also played for Egypt 51 times, scoring 20 goals. Mido retired from football in June 2013.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Silvio Vella", "paragraph_text": "Silvio Vella (born 8 February 1967 in Toronto) was a professional footballer who played for Rabat Ajax and Hibernians as a defender. He is currently the head coach of Rabat Ajax.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Peter Carli", "paragraph_text": "Peter Carli (born January 4, 1958 in Los Angeles, California) is a former American soccer goalkeeper and entrepreneur. He had an extended trial with West Ham United F.C. making him one of the first American soccer players to play with a First Division (English Football) club. Along with his family he introduced the Reusch brand of goalkeeper gloves to America and later attempted to establish a professional soccer team in Connecticut.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of Premier League managers", "paragraph_text": "Sam Allardyce has managed the most teams in the Premier League, having taken charge of seven different clubs: Bolton Wanderers, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, West Ham United, Sunderland, Crystal Palace and Everton.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Gerry Gazzard", "paragraph_text": "Gerald Gazzard (15 March 1925 \u2013 29 September 2006) was an English footballer who played for West Ham United and Brentford.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sam Small", "paragraph_text": "Samuel John Small (15 May 1912 \u2013 19 December 1993) was an English footballer who played as a centre-forward in the Football League for Birmingham, West Ham United and Brighton & Hove Albion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Junior Stanislas", "paragraph_text": "He started his career in the youth team of West Ham United at the age of 10 in 2000. He signed a three-year academy contract in the summer of 2006, playing regularly for the under-18 side and reserves. In November 2008, he joined League One club Southend United on a six-week loan. He made his first-team debut for West Ham in March 2009, at the age of 19. He signed a three-and-a-half-year contract in April 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Out of Water", "paragraph_text": "Out of Water is the 17th studio album by Peter Hammill, originally released on Enigma Records in 1990 and subsequently re-released on Hammill's own Fie! label. Hammill himself considers this album to be a turning point from his mid-eighties style.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United. Among other professional teams based in London include Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Millwall and Charlton Athletic. In May 2012, Chelsea became the first London club to win the UEFA Champions League. Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Frank Lampard", "paragraph_text": "Frank Lampard OBE Lampard with Chelsea in 2008 Full name Frank James Lampard Date of birth (1978 - 06 - 20) 20 June 1978 (age 40) Place of birth Romford, England Height 6 ft 0 in (1.84 m) Playing position Midfielder Club information Current team Derby County (manager) Youth career 1994 -- 1995 West Ham United Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 1995 -- 2001 West Ham United 148 (24) 1995 -- 1996 \u2192 Swansea City (loan) 9 (1) 2001 -- 2014 Chelsea 429 (147) 2014 -- 2015 Manchester City 32 (6) 2015 -- 2016 New York City 29 (15) Total 647 (193) National team 1997 -- 2000 England U21 19 (9) 1998 England B (0) 1999 -- 2014 England 106 (29) Teams managed 2018 -- Derby County * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Adam Hammill", "paragraph_text": "Hammill is a product of the Liverpool academy, but failed to make a league appearance for the club at senior level, before leaving to join Championship side Barnsley in 2009. After a successful period at Barnsley, he entered the Premier League when he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2011, with whom he remained until 2013.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Sten Ziegler", "paragraph_text": "Sten Hugo Ziegler (born 30 May 1950 in Copenhagen) is a Danish former football player who played for Hvidovre IF in Denmark and Roda JC and Ajax in the Netherlands. He played 25 games and scored one goal for the Danish national team from 1971 to 1981, and represented Denmark at the 1972 Summer Olympics football tournament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "West Virginia Illusion", "paragraph_text": "West Virginia Illusion was an American women\u2019s soccer team, founded in 2008, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. The Illusion played in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. The team folded after the 2008 season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Vermont Lady Voltage", "paragraph_text": "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women\u2019s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Michail Antonio", "paragraph_text": "Michail Gregory Antonio (born 28 March 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for Premier League club West Ham United.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Sacramento Kings", "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Marko Arnautovi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Arnautovi\u0107 began his career in his native Austria playing in the youth teams for a number of clubs in the Vienna area before he signed a contract with Dutch club Twente in 2006. He impressed at De Grolsch Veste and after a fine 2008\u201309 season he joined Italian giants Inter Milan on loan, where he made only three appearances due to injury. He joined German side Werder Bremen in June 2010 and became a regular member of the first team. In September 2013, Arnautovi\u0107 joined English side Stoke City. He spent four seasons in Stoke scoring 26 goals in 145 appearances. He joined West Ham United in July 2017 for a fee of \u00a320\u00a0million.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "David Endt", "paragraph_text": "David Endt (born 6 May 1954) is a Dutch sports journalist, author and columnist. From 1997 to June 2013 he was the team manager of Ajax before Technical Director Edwin van der Sar expressed that his services would no longer be required within the club.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "1923 FA Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1923 FA Cup Final was an association football match between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United on 28 April 1923 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. The showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the first football match to be played at Wembley Stadium. King George V was in attendance to present the trophy to the winning team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Ray Stewart (Scottish footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Raymond Struan McDonald Stewart (born 7 September 1959 in Stanley, Perthshire) is a Scottish former footballer, who played for Dundee United, West Ham United, St Johnstone and Stirling Albion. During his career he won the 1980 FA Cup with West Ham and played in 10 full internationals for Scotland. Stewart was renowned for his shooting, which meant that he scored 70 league goals during his career (mostly from penalties). After his playing career ended he managed Livingston, Stirling Albion and Forfar Athletic.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who has played for both West Ham Ajax and the team that Adam Hammill is on?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 198459, "question": "Adam Hammill >> member of sports team", "answer": "Barnsley", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 61845, "question": "who has played for west ham ajax and #1", "answer": "Mido", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}], "answer": "Mido", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1661}
{"id": "2hop__563476_61845", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Michail Antonio", "paragraph_text": "Michail Gregory Antonio (born 28 March 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for Premier League club West Ham United.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sacramento Kings", "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United. Among other professional teams based in London include Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Millwall and Charlton Athletic. In May 2012, Chelsea became the first London club to win the UEFA Champions League. Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Currie Cup", "paragraph_text": "The Currie Cup is one of the oldest rugby competitions, with the first games played in 1889 but it was only in 1892 that it became officially known as the Currie Cup. The competition had its humble beginnings as an inter-province competition in 1884, but when the South African Rugby Board was founded in 1889 it decided to organize a national competition that would involve representative teams from all the major unions. The original participating unions were Western Province, Griqualand West, Transvaal and Eastern Province. The first tournament was held in Kimberley and was won by Western Province. For a prize they received a silver cup donated by the South African Rugby Board, now displayed at the SA Rugby Museum in Cape Town. The story of how the Currie Cup came to be comes from the first overseas rugby team to tour South Africa in 1891, The British Isles, who carried with them a particularly precious bit of cargo. Among the bags, boots and balls was a golden cup given to them by Sir Donald Currie, owner of Union - Castle Lines, the shipping company that transported them to the southern tip of Africa. Sir Donald was clear with his instructions -- hand this trophy over to the team in South Africa that gives you the best game; and after a spirited display where the unbeaten British Lions narrowly won 3 - 0, Griqualand West became the first ever holders of the Currie Cup. They then handed the trophy over to the South African rugby board and it became the floating trophy for the Currie Cup competition. The inaugural Currie Cup tournament was thus held in 1892 with Western Province earning the honour of holding it aloft as the first official winners.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "David Currie (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "He joined Barnsley in 1988 and played 80 league games for them, scoring 30 goals. Currie joined Nottingham Forest in January 1990, and made his debut for them on 3 February, although in August 1990 he moved again to join Oldham.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Marko Arnautovi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Arnautovi\u0107 began his career in his native Austria playing in the youth teams for a number of clubs in the Vienna area before he signed a contract with Dutch club Twente in 2006. He impressed at De Grolsch Veste and after a fine 2008\u201309 season he joined Italian giants Inter Milan on loan, where he made only three appearances due to injury. He joined German side Werder Bremen in June 2010 and became a regular member of the first team. In September 2013, Arnautovi\u0107 joined English side Stoke City. He spent four seasons in Stoke scoring 26 goals in 145 appearances. He joined West Ham United in July 2017 for a fee of \u00a320\u00a0million.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "David Endt", "paragraph_text": "David Endt (born 6 May 1954) is a Dutch sports journalist, author and columnist. From 1997 to June 2013 he was the team manager of Ajax before Technical Director Edwin van der Sar expressed that his services would no longer be required within the club.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of Premier League managers", "paragraph_text": "Sam Allardyce has managed the most teams in the Premier League, having taken charge of seven different clubs: Bolton Wanderers, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, West Ham United, Sunderland, Crystal Palace and Everton.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of Premier League players", "paragraph_text": "The first player to reach the milestone was midfielder Gary Speed, in representation of Leeds United, Everton, Newcastle United and Bolton Wanderers; his 500th match was Bolton's 4 -- 0 win over West Ham United on 9 December 2006. Speed held the record for most appearances until 14 February 2009, when goalkeeper David James played his 536th match, for Portsmouth against his former team Manchester City. James ended with 572 appearances, a record which was broken by Ryan Giggs on 14 May 2011, having played all of his matches for Manchester United. On 25 September 2017, Gareth Barry broke Giggs' record by playing his 633rd match, West Bromwich Albion's 2 -- 0 loss at Arsenal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mido (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Mido started his career with Zamalek in Egypt in 1999. He left the club for Gent of Belgium in 2000, where he won the Belgian Ebony Shoe. This led to a move to Dutch side Ajax in 2001, from where he joined Celta Vigo on loan in 2003. His next destination was Marseille in France and he left them for Italian side Roma in 2004. He joined English side Tottenham Hotspur on an 18 - month loan in 2005 and eventually joined the club permanently in 2006. He left the club in 2007 to join Middlesbrough, from whom he joined Wigan Athletic, Zamalek, West Ham United and Ajax on loan. In 2011, he rejoined Zamalek, before joining Barnsley in 2012. He also played for Egypt 51 times, scoring 20 goals. Mido retired from football in June 2013.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Zavon Hines", "paragraph_text": "Hines was born in Jamaica but has represented England at under-21 level. He began his career with West Ham United as a product of their youth team and has also played for Burnley, Bradford City and on loan at Coventry City and Bournemouth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Junior Stanislas", "paragraph_text": "He started his career in the youth team of West Ham United at the age of 10 in 2000. He signed a three-year academy contract in the summer of 2006, playing regularly for the under-18 side and reserves. In November 2008, he joined League One club Southend United on a six-week loan. He made his first-team debut for West Ham in March 2009, at the age of 19. He signed a three-and-a-half-year contract in April 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "1923 FA Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1923 FA Cup Final was an association football match between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United on 28 April 1923 at the original Wembley Stadium in London. The showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), it was the first football match to be played at Wembley Stadium. King George V was in attendance to present the trophy to the winning team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Gerry Gazzard", "paragraph_text": "Gerald Gazzard (15 March 1925 \u2013 29 September 2006) was an English footballer who played for West Ham United and Brentford.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Vermont Lady Voltage", "paragraph_text": "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women\u2019s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Frank Lampard", "paragraph_text": "Frank Lampard OBE Lampard with Chelsea in 2008 Full name Frank James Lampard Date of birth (1978 - 06 - 20) 20 June 1978 (age 40) Place of birth Romford, England Height 6 ft 0 in (1.84 m) Playing position Midfielder Club information Current team Derby County (manager) Youth career 1994 -- 1995 West Ham United Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 1995 -- 2001 West Ham United 148 (24) 1995 -- 1996 \u2192 Swansea City (loan) 9 (1) 2001 -- 2014 Chelsea 429 (147) 2014 -- 2015 Manchester City 32 (6) 2015 -- 2016 New York City 29 (15) Total 647 (193) National team 1997 -- 2000 England U21 19 (9) 1998 England B (0) 1999 -- 2014 England 106 (29) Teams managed 2018 -- Derby County * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Sam Small", "paragraph_text": "Samuel John Small (15 May 1912 \u2013 19 December 1993) was an English footballer who played as a centre-forward in the Football League for Birmingham, West Ham United and Brighton & Hove Albion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Silvio Vella", "paragraph_text": "Silvio Vella (born 8 February 1967 in Toronto) was a professional footballer who played for Rabat Ajax and Hibernians as a defender. He is currently the head coach of Rabat Ajax.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Sten Ziegler", "paragraph_text": "Sten Hugo Ziegler (born 30 May 1950 in Copenhagen) is a Danish former football player who played for Hvidovre IF in Denmark and Roda JC and Ajax in the Netherlands. He played 25 games and scored one goal for the Danish national team from 1971 to 1981, and represented Denmark at the 1972 Summer Olympics football tournament.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who has played for West Ham Ajax and the team that David Currie plays for?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 563476, "question": "David Currie >> member of sports team", "answer": "Barnsley", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 61845, "question": "who has played for west ham ajax and #1", "answer": "Mido", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}], "answer": "Mido", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1951}
{"id": "2hop__622308_61845", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Minnows", "paragraph_text": "The Minnows () are a group of small islands and rocks lying east of Flounder Island in the Fish Islands, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. They were charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934\u201337, and were so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 because the group lies in the Fish Islands, and \"minnow\" is a term for a small fish.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Silvio Vella", "paragraph_text": "Silvio Vella (born 8 February 1967 in Toronto) was a professional footballer who played for Rabat Ajax and Hibernians as a defender. He is currently the head coach of Rabat Ajax.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Guyer Rock", "paragraph_text": "Guyer Rock is a low rock lying west of the Flyspot Rocks, Marguerite Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was named in 1986 by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Captain Simon T.G. Guyer, Royal Marines, Officer of the Watch at the time HMS \"Endurance\" grounded on the rock in the 1985\u201386 season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Fringe Rocks", "paragraph_text": "The Fringe Rocks () are a group of rocks forming the western limit of the Saffery Islands, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. They were charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934\u201337, and were so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 because of their position on the fringe of the ships' passage between the Saffery Islands and the Trump Islands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sam Small", "paragraph_text": "Samuel John Small (15 May 1912 \u2013 19 December 1993) was an English footballer who played as a centre-forward in the Football League for Birmingham, West Ham United and Brighton & Hove Albion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Junior Stanislas", "paragraph_text": "He started his career in the youth team of West Ham United at the age of 10 in 2000. He signed a three-year academy contract in the summer of 2006, playing regularly for the under-18 side and reserves. In November 2008, he joined League One club Southend United on a six-week loan. He made his first-team debut for West Ham in March 2009, at the age of 19. He signed a three-and-a-half-year contract in April 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Malcolm Graham (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Graham joined Barnsley from non-league Hall Green in 1953, while still working as a miner at Haigh Colliery. He stayed with Barnsley for several seasons, but left when the club was relegated at the end of the 1958\u201359 season. After a brief spell at Bristol City, he moved to Leyton Orient for \u00a38000 on 20 June 1960.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Miller Heights", "paragraph_text": "The Miller Heights () are a series of elevations extending eastward from Sharp Peak on Velingrad Peninsula, Graham Coast on the west side of Graham Land, Antarctica. The feature was roughly charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934\u201337, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Ronald Miller, a Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey general assistant at Detaille Island in 1956 and leader at Prospect Point in 1957.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Frank Lampard", "paragraph_text": "Frank Lampard OBE Lampard with Chelsea in 2008 Full name Frank James Lampard Date of birth (1978 - 06 - 20) 20 June 1978 (age 40) Place of birth Romford, England Height 6 ft 0 in (1.84 m) Playing position Midfielder Club information Current team Derby County (manager) Youth career 1994 -- 1995 West Ham United Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 1995 -- 2001 West Ham United 148 (24) 1995 -- 1996 \u2192 Swansea City (loan) 9 (1) 2001 -- 2014 Chelsea 429 (147) 2014 -- 2015 Manchester City 32 (6) 2015 -- 2016 New York City 29 (15) Total 647 (193) National team 1997 -- 2000 England U21 19 (9) 1998 England B (0) 1999 -- 2014 England 106 (29) Teams managed 2018 -- Derby County * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Zavon Hines", "paragraph_text": "Hines was born in Jamaica but has represented England at under-21 level. He began his career with West Ham United as a product of their youth team and has also played for Burnley, Bradford City and on loan at Coventry City and Bournemouth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Thabiso Nkoana", "paragraph_text": "Thabiso Nkoana (born 28 October 1992) is a South African footballer who plays for Ajax Cape Town as a striker.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Michail Antonio", "paragraph_text": "Michail Gregory Antonio (born 28 March 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for Premier League club West Ham United.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Flounder Island", "paragraph_text": "Flounder Island () is the largest of the Fish Islands at the north side of Holtedahl Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934\u201337, and so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 after the flounder, in association with the Fish Islands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Macbeth, King of Scotland", "paragraph_text": "In Shakespeare's play, which is based mainly upon Raphael Holinshed's account, Macbeth is initially a valorous and loyal general to the elderly King Duncan. After being flattered by Three Witches and his own wife, Macbeth rationalizes that murdering his king and usurping the throne is the right thing to do. Ultimately, however, the prophecies of the witches prove misleading, and Macbeth alienates the nobility of Scotland and is defeated in battle by Prince Malcolm. As the King's armies disintegrate he encounters Macduff, a refugee nobleman whose wife and children had earlier been murdered by Macbeth's death squads. Upon realizing that he will die if he duels Macduff, Macbeth at first refuses to do so. But when Macduff explains that if Macbeth surrenders he will be subjected to ridicule by his former subjects, Macbeth vows, ``I will not yield to kiss the ground before young Malcolm's feet, to be baited by a rabble's curse. ''He chooses instead to fight Macduff to the death. Macbeth is then slain and beheaded and the play ends with Prince Malcolm planning his coronation at Scone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Gerry Gazzard", "paragraph_text": "Gerald Gazzard (15 March 1925 \u2013 29 September 2006) was an English footballer who played for West Ham United and Brentford.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Holst Point", "paragraph_text": "Holst Point () is a point at the head of Beascochea Bay which divides it into two arms, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was first charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934\u201337, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Axel Holst, a Norwegian biochemist who in 1907, with Theodor C.B. Fr\u00f8lich, first produced experimental scurvy and laid the foundations for later work on vitamins.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Mido (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Mido started his career with Zamalek in Egypt in 1999. He left the club for Gent of Belgium in 2000, where he won the Belgian Ebony Shoe. This led to a move to Dutch side Ajax in 2001, from where he joined Celta Vigo on loan in 2003. His next destination was Marseille in France and he left them for Italian side Roma in 2004. He joined English side Tottenham Hotspur on an 18 - month loan in 2005 and eventually joined the club permanently in 2006. He left the club in 2007 to join Middlesbrough, from whom he joined Wigan Athletic, Zamalek, West Ham United and Ajax on loan. In 2011, he rejoined Zamalek, before joining Barnsley in 2012. He also played for Egypt 51 times, scoring 20 goals. Mido retired from football in June 2013.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Maskelyne Passage", "paragraph_text": "Maskelyne Passage () is a passage between Larrouy Island and Tadpole Island to the east, and Cat Island, Runnelstone Rock and Hummock Island to the west, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956\u201357, and mapped from these photos by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Englishman Nevil Maskelyne, Astronomer Royal for many years till his death in 1811, who started \"The Nautical Almanac\" in 1767.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Ray Stewart (Scottish footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Raymond Struan McDonald Stewart (born 7 September 1959 in Stanley, Perthshire) is a Scottish former footballer, who played for Dundee United, West Ham United, St Johnstone and Stirling Albion. During his career he won the 1980 FA Cup with West Ham and played in 10 full internationals for Scotland. Stewart was renowned for his shooting, which meant that he scored 70 league goals during his career (mostly from penalties). After his playing career ended he managed Livingston, Stirling Albion and Forfar Athletic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Lawrie Glacier", "paragraph_text": "Lawrie Glacier () is a glacier flowing between Mount Genecand and Mezzo Buttress, and entering the head of Barilari Bay between Cherkovna Point and Prestoy Point on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under Rymill, 1934\u201337, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Robert Lawrie, an English alpine and polar equipment specialist.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who has played for West Ham Ajax and the team from the city where Malcolm Graham died?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 622308, "question": "Malcolm Graham >> place of death", "answer": "Barnsley", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}, {"id": 61845, "question": "who has played for west ham ajax and #1", "answer": "Mido", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Mido", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1881}
{"id": "2hop__135653_669373", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Boeing VC-25", "paragraph_text": "Maximum speed: Mach 0.92 (630 mph, 1,015 km / h) at 35,000 ft altitude Cruise speed: Mach 0.84 (575 mph, 925 km / h) at 35,000 ft altitude Range: 6,800 nmi (7,800 mi, 13,000 km) Service ceiling: 45,100 ft (13,700 m)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mach bands", "paragraph_text": "Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Global Alliance in Management Education", "paragraph_text": "The first CEMS Social Partners joined the organisation in December 2010. These are the first in a series of non-profits and NGOs that contribute to the alliance in a way identical to Corporate Partners (selection and admission of students, governance, curriculum delivery, proposal of internships and employment opportunities). This new initiative is part of a major sustainability drive from within CEMS. In the same vein, CEMS has also signed the PRME (Principles for Responsible Management Education) declaration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "European Union law", "paragraph_text": "The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam covering social policy issues in European Union law. The basis for the Social Chapter was developed in 1989 by the \"social partners\" representatives, namely UNICE, the employers' confederation, the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) and CEEP, the European Centre of Public Enterprises. A toned down version was adopted as the Social Charter at the 1989 Strasbourg European Council. The Social Charter declares 30 general principles, including on fair remuneration of employment, health and safety at work, rights of disabled and elderly, the rights of workers, on vocational training and improvements of living conditions. The Social Charter became the basis for European Community legislation on these issues in 40 pieces of legislation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sound barrier", "paragraph_text": "On 14 October 1947, just under a month after the United States Air Force had been created as a separate service, the tests culminated in the first manned supersonic flight, piloted by Air Force Captain Charles ``Chuck ''Yeager in aircraft # 46 - 062, which he had christened Glamorous Glennis. The rocket - powered aircraft was launched from the bomb bay of a specially modified B - 29 and glided to a landing on a runway. XS - 1 flight number 50 is the first one where the X-1 recorded supersonic flight, at Mach 1.06 (361 m / s, 1,299 km / h, 807.2 mph) peak speed; however, Yeager and many other personnel believe Flight # 49 (also with Yeager piloting), which reached a top recorded speed of Mach 0.997 (339 m / s, 1,221 km / h), may have, in fact, exceeded Mach 1. (The measurements were not accurate to three significant figures and no sonic boom was recorded for that flight.)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Form I-9", "paragraph_text": "Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mach's principle", "paragraph_text": "In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of , Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The idea is that the existence of absolute rotation (the distinction of local inertial frames vs. rotating reference frames) is determined by the large-scale distribution of matter, as exemplified by this anecdote:", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sound barrier", "paragraph_text": "One of the highest recorded instrumented Mach numbers attained for a propeller aircraft is the Mach 0.891 for a Spitfire PR XI, flown during dive tests at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough in April 1944. The Spitfire, a photo - reconnaissance variant, the Mark XI, fitted with an extended 'rake type' multiple pitot system, was flown by Squadron Leader J.R. Tobin to this speed, corresponding to a corrected true airspeed (TAS) of 606 mph. In a subsequent flight, Squadron Leader Anthony Martindale achieved Mach 0.92, but it ended in a forced landing after over - revving damaged the engine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Speed Racer", "paragraph_text": "Speed Racer, also known as Mach GoGoGo (Japanese: \u30de\u30c3\u30cf GoGoGo, Hepburn: Mahha G\u014dG\u014dG\u014d), is a Japanese media franchise about automobile racing. Mach GoGoGo was originally serialized in print in Shueisha's 1966 Sh\u014dnen Book. It was released in tank\u014dbon book form by Sun Wide Comics, and later re-released in Japan by Fusosha. Adapted into anime by Tatsunoko Productions, its 52 episodes aired on Fuji TV from April 1967 to March 1968. The anime was later re-broadcast on Tokyo MX from July 1 to September 25, 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money", "paragraph_text": "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money was written by the English economist John Maynard Keynes. The book, generally considered to be his magnum opus, is largely credited with creating the terminology and shape of modern macroeconomics. Published in February 1936, it sought to bring about a revolution, commonly referred to as the ``Keynesian Revolution '', in the way some economists believe. Especially in relation to the proposition that a market economy tends naturally to restore itself to full employment after temporary shocks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Vinko Dvo\u0159\u00e1k", "paragraph_text": "He studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Mach number", "paragraph_text": "The Mach number is named after Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, and is a designation proposed by aeronautical engineer Jakob Ackeret. As the Mach number is a dimensionless quantity rather than a unit of measure, with Mach, the number comes \"after\" the unit; the second Mach number is \"Mach2\" instead of \"2Mach\" (or Machs). This is somewhat reminiscent of the early modern ocean sounding unit \"mark\" (a synonym for fathom), which was also unit-first, and may have influenced the use of the term Mach. In the decade preceding faster-than-sound human flight, aeronautical engineers referred to the speed of sound as \"Mach's number\", never \"Mach 1\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Confederation of Finnish Industries", "paragraph_text": "The Confederation of Finnish Industries (EK, , ) is the largest employers' association in Finland. It was formed at the beginning of 2005 when the two employers' associations \"Palveluty\u00f6nantajat\" (Employers of the Service Sector) and \"Teollisuuden ja Ty\u00f6nantajain Keskusliitto\" (Union of Industries and Employers) merged. EK's member companies collectively contribute over 70% of Finland's GDP, and over 95% of Finland's exports. It has considerable negotiating power, since Finland has universal validity of collective labour agreements, and often a national income policy agreement is reached.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "SOLID", "paragraph_text": "In object - oriented computer programming, the term SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make software designs more understandable, flexible and maintainable. The principles are a subset of many principles promoted by Robert C. Martin. Though they apply to any object - oriented design, the SOLID principles can also form a core philosophy for methodologies such as agile development or adaptive software development. The theory of SOLID principles was introduced by Martin in his 2000 paper Design Principles and Design Patterns, although the SOLID acronym itself was introduced later by Michael Feathers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Pareto principle", "paragraph_text": "The Pareto principle (also known as the 80 / 20 rule, the law of the vital few, or the principle of factor sparsity) states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. Management consultant Joseph M. Juran suggested the principle and named it after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who noted the 80 / 20 connection while at the University of Lausanne in 1896, as published in his first paper, ``Cours d'\u00e9conomie politique ''. Essentially, Pareto showed that approximately 80% of the land in Italy was owned by 20% of the population; Pareto developed the principle by observing that about 20% of the peapods in his garden contained 80% of the peas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Giffen good", "paragraph_text": "Giffen goods are named after Scottish economist Sir Robert Giffen, to whom Alfred Marshall attributed this idea in his book \"Principles of Economics\", first published in 1890. Giffen first proposed the paradox from his observations of the purchasing habits of the Victorian era poor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Psycho (1960 film)", "paragraph_text": "Psycho is a 1960 American psychological horror film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, and written by Joseph Stefano, starring Anthony Perkins, Janet Leigh, John Gavin, Vera Miles and Martin Balsam, and was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert Bloch. The film centers on the encounter between a secretary, Marion Crane (Leigh), who ends up at a secluded motel after stealing money from her employer, and the motel's disturbed owner - manager, Norman Bates (Perkins), and its aftermath.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Mikoyan MiG-31", "paragraph_text": "The MiG-25 underwent substantial design sacrifices in order to achieve high speed, altitude and rate of climb. However, it lacked maneuverability at interception speeds and was difficult to fly at low altitudes. The MiG-25's speed was limited to Mach 2.83, but it could reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.2 or more with the risk of engine damage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Full employment", "paragraph_text": "The 20th century British economist William Beveridge stated that an unemployment rate of 3% was full employment. For the United States, economist William T. Dickens found that full - employment unemployment rate varied a lot over time but equaled about 5.5 percent of the civilian labor force during the 2000s. Recently, economists have emphasized the idea that full employment represents a ``range ''of possible unemployment rates. For example, in 1999, in the United States, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gives an estimate of the`` full - employment unemployment rate'' of 4 to 6.4%. This is the estimated unemployment rate at full employment, plus & minus the standard error of the estimate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Affirmative action in the United States", "paragraph_text": "On July 26, Truman mandated the end of hiring and employment discrimination in the federal government, reaffirming FDR's order of 1941.:40 He issued two executive orders on July 26, 1948: Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981. Executive Order 9980, named Regulations Governing for Employment Practices within the Federal Establishment, instituted fair employment practices in the civilian agencies of the federal government. The order created the position of Fair Employment Officer. The order \"established in the Civil Service Commission a Fair Employment Board of not less than seven persons.\" Executive Order 9981, named Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, called for the integration of the Armed Forces and the creation of the National Military Establishment to carry out the executive order.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the employer of the person Mach's principle was named after?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 135653, "question": "Who is the Mach's principle named after?", "answer": "Ernst Mach", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}, {"id": 669373, "question": "#1 >> employer", "answer": "Charles University", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "Charles University", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2294}
{"id": "2hop__135652_669373", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hilbert number", "paragraph_text": "In number theory, a branch of mathematics, a Hilbert number is a positive integer of the form (). The Hilbert numbers were named after David Hilbert.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sound barrier", "paragraph_text": "On 14 October 1947, just under a month after the United States Air Force had been created as a separate service, the tests culminated in the first manned supersonic flight, piloted by Air Force Captain Charles ``Chuck ''Yeager in aircraft # 46 - 062, which he had christened Glamorous Glennis. The rocket - powered aircraft was launched from the bomb bay of a specially modified B - 29 and glided to a landing on a runway. XS - 1 flight number 50 is the first one where the X-1 recorded supersonic flight, at Mach 1.06 (361 m / s, 1,299 km / h, 807.2 mph) peak speed; however, Yeager and many other personnel believe Flight # 49 (also with Yeager piloting), which reached a top recorded speed of Mach 0.997 (339 m / s, 1,221 km / h), may have, in fact, exceeded Mach 1. (The measurements were not accurate to three significant figures and no sonic boom was recorded for that flight.)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money", "paragraph_text": "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money was written by the English economist John Maynard Keynes. The book, generally considered to be his magnum opus, is largely credited with creating the terminology and shape of modern macroeconomics. Published in February 1936, it sought to bring about a revolution, commonly referred to as the ``Keynesian Revolution '', in the way some economists believe. Especially in relation to the proposition that a market economy tends naturally to restore itself to full employment after temporary shocks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sound barrier", "paragraph_text": "One of the highest recorded instrumented Mach numbers attained for a propeller aircraft is the Mach 0.891 for a Spitfire PR XI, flown during dive tests at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough in April 1944. The Spitfire, a photo - reconnaissance variant, the Mark XI, fitted with an extended 'rake type' multiple pitot system, was flown by Squadron Leader J.R. Tobin to this speed, corresponding to a corrected true airspeed (TAS) of 606 mph. In a subsequent flight, Squadron Leader Anthony Martindale achieved Mach 0.92, but it ended in a forced landing after over - revving damaged the engine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mach number", "paragraph_text": "The Mach number is named after Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, and is a designation proposed by aeronautical engineer Jakob Ackeret. As the Mach number is a dimensionless quantity rather than a unit of measure, with Mach, the number comes \"after\" the unit; the second Mach number is \"Mach2\" instead of \"2Mach\" (or Machs). This is somewhat reminiscent of the early modern ocean sounding unit \"mark\" (a synonym for fathom), which was also unit-first, and may have influenced the use of the term Mach. In the decade preceding faster-than-sound human flight, aeronautical engineers referred to the speed of sound as \"Mach's number\", never \"Mach 1\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Vinko Dvo\u0159\u00e1k", "paragraph_text": "He studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Speed Racer", "paragraph_text": "Speed Racer, also known as Mach GoGoGo (Japanese: \u30de\u30c3\u30cf GoGoGo, Hepburn: Mahha G\u014dG\u014dG\u014d), is a Japanese media franchise about automobile racing. Mach GoGoGo was originally serialized in print in Shueisha's 1966 Sh\u014dnen Book. It was released in tank\u014dbon book form by Sun Wide Comics, and later re-released in Japan by Fusosha. Adapted into anime by Tatsunoko Productions, its 52 episodes aired on Fuji TV from April 1967 to March 1968. The anime was later re-broadcast on Tokyo MX from July 1 to September 25, 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Josef Mach", "paragraph_text": "Josef Mach (25 February 1909 in Prost\u011bjov \u2013 7 July 1987 in Prague) was a Czech actor, screenwriter and film director.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Magbass", "paragraph_text": "Magbass Is a farming town in Tonkolili District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Magbass is located about 55 miles from Freetown. The town is home to the Magbass Sugar Complex, one of the largest sugar producing plantation in West Africa . The factory provides employment for a number of people within Tonkolili District and across Sierra Leone .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Fresnel number", "paragraph_text": "The Fresnel number (\"F\"), named after the physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, is a dimensionless number occurring in optics, in particular in scalar diffraction theory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Gudermannian function", "paragraph_text": "The Gudermannian function, named after Christoph Gudermann (1798\u20131852), relates the circular functions and hyperbolic functions without explicitly using complex numbers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Full-time", "paragraph_text": "Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Euler's identity", "paragraph_text": "Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. It is considered to be an exemplar of mathematical beauty as it shows a profound connection between the most fundamental numbers in mathematics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Zeckendorf's theorem", "paragraph_text": "Zeckendorf's theorem, named after Belgian mathematician Edouard Zeckendorf, is a theorem about the representation of integers as sums of Fibonacci numbers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Riemann sphere", "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, the Riemann sphere, named after Bernhard Riemann, is a model of the extended complex plane, the complex plane plus a point at infinity. This extended plane represents the extended complex numbers, that is, the complex numbers plus a value \u221e for infinity. With the Riemann model, the point \"\u221e\" is near to very large numbers, just as the point \"0\" is near to very small numbers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mach bands", "paragraph_text": "Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Mikoyan MiG-31", "paragraph_text": "The MiG-25 underwent substantial design sacrifices in order to achieve high speed, altitude and rate of climb. However, it lacked maneuverability at interception speeds and was difficult to fly at low altitudes. The MiG-25's speed was limited to Mach 2.83, but it could reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.2 or more with the risk of engine damage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Mach's principle", "paragraph_text": "In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of , Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The idea is that the existence of absolute rotation (the distinction of local inertial frames vs. rotating reference frames) is determined by the large-scale distribution of matter, as exemplified by this anecdote:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Affirmative action in the United States", "paragraph_text": "On July 26, Truman mandated the end of hiring and employment discrimination in the federal government, reaffirming FDR's order of 1941.:40 He issued two executive orders on July 26, 1948: Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981. Executive Order 9980, named Regulations Governing for Employment Practices within the Federal Establishment, instituted fair employment practices in the civilian agencies of the federal government. The order created the position of Fair Employment Officer. The order \"established in the Civil Service Commission a Fair Employment Board of not less than seven persons.\" Executive Order 9981, named Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, called for the integration of the Armed Forces and the creation of the National Military Establishment to carry out the executive order.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Psycho (1960 film)", "paragraph_text": "Psycho is a 1960 American psychological horror film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, and written by Joseph Stefano, starring Anthony Perkins, Janet Leigh, John Gavin, Vera Miles and Martin Balsam, and was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert Bloch. The film centers on the encounter between a secretary, Marion Crane (Leigh), who ends up at a secluded motel after stealing money from her employer, and the motel's disturbed owner - manager, Norman Bates (Perkins), and its aftermath.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the employer of the physicist who Mach number is named after?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 135652, "question": "What is Mach number named after?", "answer": "Ernst Mach", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 669373, "question": "#1 >> employer", "answer": "Charles University", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Charles University", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1885}
{"id": "2hop__135651_669373", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Speed Racer", "paragraph_text": "Speed Racer, also known as Mach GoGoGo (Japanese: \u30de\u30c3\u30cf GoGoGo, Hepburn: Mahha G\u014dG\u014dG\u014d), is a Japanese media franchise about automobile racing. Mach GoGoGo was originally serialized in print in Shueisha's 1966 Sh\u014dnen Book. It was released in tank\u014dbon book form by Sun Wide Comics, and later re-released in Japan by Fusosha. Adapted into anime by Tatsunoko Productions, its 52 episodes aired on Fuji TV from April 1967 to March 1968. The anime was later re-broadcast on Tokyo MX from July 1 to September 25, 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Trojica u mraku", "paragraph_text": "Trojica u mraku is the fifth album of the Croatian rock band Aerodrom, released through Jugoton in 1986. The album was named after the comic book written by Andrija Maurovi\u0107 and introduces band's frontman Jurica Pa\u0111en as a producer. The band records as a trio, with Zlatan \u017divkovi\u0107 returning, this time on drums. \"Trojica u mraku\" doesn't bring any successful single and the band broke up several months after the album was released. It was their last album until the reunion in 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Affirmative action in the United States", "paragraph_text": "On July 26, Truman mandated the end of hiring and employment discrimination in the federal government, reaffirming FDR's order of 1941.:40 He issued two executive orders on July 26, 1948: Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981. Executive Order 9980, named Regulations Governing for Employment Practices within the Federal Establishment, instituted fair employment practices in the civilian agencies of the federal government. The order created the position of Fair Employment Officer. The order \"established in the Civil Service Commission a Fair Employment Board of not less than seven persons.\" Executive Order 9981, named Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, called for the integration of the Armed Forces and the creation of the National Military Establishment to carry out the executive order.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mach bands", "paragraph_text": "Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Full-time", "paragraph_text": "Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Bowling for Soup", "paragraph_text": "Burney and Chandler soon formed the Folkadots, while Wiseman formed Gary & the Wiseman. Burney and Chandler, along with Morrill, also formed the band Slaw. Around this time, Reddick formed the band Terminal Seasons. Not too long after, Jaret Reddick and Lance Morrill formed coolfork!, which Chris Burney later joined. The band was in full swing by 1993, playing such venues as the Refuge. A few months later, after forming a band called Rubberneck, the group took the name Bowling for Soup (inspired by Bowling for Dollars) in 1994, and the band was officially formed in Wichita Falls on June 4, 1994 by Jaret Reddick (lead vocals, guitar), Chris Burney (guitar, backing vocals), Erik Chandler (bass, backing vocals, acoustic guitar), and Lance Morrill (drums, percussion, backing vocals). Morrill left the band in 1998 (on good terms) and was replaced by friend Gary Wiseman of Gary and the Wisemen. The band's name was derived from a comedy act by Steve Martin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sound barrier", "paragraph_text": "On 14 October 1947, just under a month after the United States Air Force had been created as a separate service, the tests culminated in the first manned supersonic flight, piloted by Air Force Captain Charles ``Chuck ''Yeager in aircraft # 46 - 062, which he had christened Glamorous Glennis. The rocket - powered aircraft was launched from the bomb bay of a specially modified B - 29 and glided to a landing on a runway. XS - 1 flight number 50 is the first one where the X-1 recorded supersonic flight, at Mach 1.06 (361 m / s, 1,299 km / h, 807.2 mph) peak speed; however, Yeager and many other personnel believe Flight # 49 (also with Yeager piloting), which reached a top recorded speed of Mach 0.997 (339 m / s, 1,221 km / h), may have, in fact, exceeded Mach 1. (The measurements were not accurate to three significant figures and no sonic boom was recorded for that flight.)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mach's principle", "paragraph_text": "In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of , Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The idea is that the existence of absolute rotation (the distinction of local inertial frames vs. rotating reference frames) is determined by the large-scale distribution of matter, as exemplified by this anecdote:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Xanax 25", "paragraph_text": "Xanax 25 is an American alternative rock group that formed in New York, NY in 1991. The band was originally named Sleeper, but was renamed due to trademark issues that arose. The band most often explained that they took the name after the brother to King Gelimer - \"Zano\". Xanax 25 found only modest success in their home country, but were significantly more successful in the Moldavian republic. The band disbanded in 1997 under somewhat mysterious circumstances.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Nasum", "paragraph_text": "Nasum (pronounced 'nah-zumm') was a grindcore band from \u00d6rebro, Sweden formed in 1992. The band released four studio albums, developed into \"one of that country's premier metal acts\" and disbanded after the December 2004 tsunami killed the band's frontman, Mieszko Talarczyk. The band's name, Latin for \"nose\", was taken from the horror film \"Flesh for Frankenstein.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Hong Kong Police Band", "paragraph_text": "The Hong Kong Police Band (Abbreviation: HKPB; ) is a ceremonial unit and a police band of the Hong Kong Police Force and is used for official events. It was established in 1954 and initially performed with the Hong Kong Police Silver Band (formed in 1951). Both bands merged to form a single band and was later renamed the Royal Hong Kong Police Pipe Band. The Pipe Band colours is the MacIntosh tartan and was adopted in memory of a former Commissioner of Police, Mr Duncan William MacIntosh, after which the MacIntosh Forts were also named.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Mikoyan MiG-31", "paragraph_text": "The MiG-25 underwent substantial design sacrifices in order to achieve high speed, altitude and rate of climb. However, it lacked maneuverability at interception speeds and was difficult to fly at low altitudes. The MiG-25's speed was limited to Mach 2.83, but it could reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.2 or more with the risk of engine damage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Lamb of God (band)", "paragraph_text": "In 1994, guitarists Mark Morton and Matt Conner, bassist John Campbell and drummer Chris Adler started a band named Burn the Priest. The band members knew each other from the college they were all attending, Virginia Commonwealth University, in Richmond, Virginia. Morton and Conner left the band soon after its inception to pursue a master's degree and work on other bands respectively. Adler and Campbell replaced Morton with Abe Spear. For the next five years, the band practiced in Richmond and around Virginia. In 1995, the band released its self-titled first demo. After the demo, Burn the Priest recorded two split EPs with Agents of Satan and ZED respectively. After the band's first three demos, Burn the Priest added vocalist Randall Blythe to its line up.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Sound barrier", "paragraph_text": "One of the highest recorded instrumented Mach numbers attained for a propeller aircraft is the Mach 0.891 for a Spitfire PR XI, flown during dive tests at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough in April 1944. The Spitfire, a photo - reconnaissance variant, the Mark XI, fitted with an extended 'rake type' multiple pitot system, was flown by Squadron Leader J.R. Tobin to this speed, corresponding to a corrected true airspeed (TAS) of 606 mph. In a subsequent flight, Squadron Leader Anthony Martindale achieved Mach 0.92, but it ended in a forced landing after over - revving damaged the engine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Made in USA (Sonic Youth album)", "paragraph_text": "Made in USA is an album by Sonic Youth, containing music the band scored for the 1987 film of the same name. The band recorded this material in 1986, shortly after the completion of their album \"EVOL\", but the album was not released until 1995. A soundtrack for the film was also released in 1987, but unlike this release, did not contain any of the original score the band created for the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mach number", "paragraph_text": "The Mach number is named after Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, and is a designation proposed by aeronautical engineer Jakob Ackeret. As the Mach number is a dimensionless quantity rather than a unit of measure, with Mach, the number comes \"after\" the unit; the second Mach number is \"Mach2\" instead of \"2Mach\" (or Machs). This is somewhat reminiscent of the early modern ocean sounding unit \"mark\" (a synonym for fathom), which was also unit-first, and may have influenced the use of the term Mach. In the decade preceding faster-than-sound human flight, aeronautical engineers referred to the speed of sound as \"Mach's number\", never \"Mach 1\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Xenomorph (band)", "paragraph_text": "Xenomorph is a Dutch death metal band formed in 1994 in Leiden, the Netherlands. The band is named after the Xenomorphs, fictional extraterrestrial creatures created by the Swiss artist H.R. Giger and used in the Alien franchise.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Form I-9", "paragraph_text": "Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Josef Mach", "paragraph_text": "Josef Mach (25 February 1909 in Prost\u011bjov \u2013 7 July 1987 in Prague) was a Czech actor, screenwriter and film director.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Vinko Dvo\u0159\u00e1k", "paragraph_text": "He studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Which university employed the person that Mach bands are named after?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 135651, "question": "Whom is Mach bands named after?", "answer": "Ernst Mach", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 669373, "question": "#1 >> employer", "answer": "Charles University", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "Charles University", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2342}
{"id": "2hop__256336_714772", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)", "paragraph_text": "White Queen Alice character Alice and the White Queen. Art by John Tenniel (1865) First appearance Through the Looking - Glass Created by Lewis Carroll Portrayed by Anne Hathaway (Alice in Wonderland, Alice Through the Looking Glass) Emma Rigby (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland) Information Species Human Gender Female Occupation Queen Spouse (s) White King Children Lily (a pawn) Nationality Looking - Glass Land", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Birth of a Nation (2016 film)", "paragraph_text": "In November 2014, development was underway, and Armie Hammer joined the cast. By April 2015, Aja Naomi King and Gabrielle Union joined the cast. In subsequent months, Penelope Ann Miller, Jackie Earle Haley, and Mark Boone Junior also joined. Filming took place in Georgia in May 2015 and lasted 27 days. Parker used the a cappella choir from Wiley College on the soundtrack. Parker had previously been part of a cast that portrayed historical figures from Wiley, in The Great Debaters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pet Sematary (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "Pet Sematary (sometimes referred to as Stephen King's Pet Sematary) is a 1989 American horror film adaptation of Stephen King's novel of the same name. Directed by Mary Lambert and written by King, the film features Dale Midkiff as Louis Creed, Denise Crosby as Rachel Creed, Blaze Berdahl as Ellie Creed, Miko Hughes as Gage Creed, and Fred Gwynne as Jud Crandall. Andrew Hubatsek was cast for Zelda's role. King, who scripted from his own book, also has a cameo as a minister.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Catherine Jagiellon", "paragraph_text": "Catherine Jagiellon was born in Krak\u00f3w as the youngest daughter of King Sigismund I the Old of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and his wife Bona Sforza of Milan. Catherine became the spouse of King John III of Sweden and mother of the future Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland. After the death of her father in 1548, she and her sisters Anna and Sophia moved to Masovia with their mother. After their mother's departure to Italy in 1558, they lived there alone. The sisters were not close to their brother Sigismund II Augustus of Poland. Catherine could reportedly speak Italian and Latin, and was described as more attractive than Anna, and most marriage suggestions were directed toward her.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa", "paragraph_text": "Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa (1497 \u2013 31 December 1536), also called \"Margareta Vasa\" and \"Margareta of Hoya\", was a Swedish noblewoman, sister of king Gustav I of Sweden. Between 1525 and 1534, she commanded Vyborg Castle on several occasions during the absence of her spouse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Esther", "paragraph_text": "Esther Queen of Persia Queen Esther (1879) by Edwin Long Queen of Persia Reign c. 479 -- c. 465 BC Coronation c. 479 Predecessor Vashti Hadassah c. 492 BC Achaemenid Empire Burial Hamadan, Iran Spouse King Xerxes I of Persia House Persia Father Abihail (biological), Mordecai (adoptive) Religion Judaism", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Tina Cole", "paragraph_text": "Tina Cole (born August 4, 1943) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Katie Miller Douglas on the 1960s sitcom My Three Sons (1967 -- 72), but she previously had a recurring role as Sunny Day in the detective series Hawaiian Eye (1963). She was also a member of the Four King Cousins, a subgroup of the King Family Singers. In 1963 she played the minor (uncredited) role of Ruth Stewart in Palm Springs Weekend, a spring break party film set in Palm Springs, California. She also appeared previously in My Three Sons as a friend of Robby cast in the role of Joanne, before the Katie role was created circa 1966.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Joes Mountain (South Carolina)", "paragraph_text": "Joes Mountain is a mountain in York County in the state of South Carolina. The summit of Joes Mountain is at an elevation of 1,027 feet (313 meters) above sea level. The mountain is one of the three main mountain summits of Kings Mountain National Military Park. The other mountain summits are Brown's Mountain and Kings Mountain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Han dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The Han-era family was patrilineal and typically had four to five nuclear family members living in one household. Multiple generations of extended family members did not occupy the same house, unlike families of later dynasties. According to Confucian family norms, various family members were treated with different levels of respect and intimacy. For example, there were different accepted time frames for mourning the death of a father versus a paternal uncle. Arranged marriages were normal, with the father's input on his offspring's spouse being considered more important than the mother's. Monogamous marriages were also normal, although nobles and high officials were wealthy enough to afford and support concubines as additional lovers. Under certain conditions dictated by custom, not law, both men and women were able to divorce their spouses and remarry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Harry Loves Lisa", "paragraph_text": "Harry Loves Lisa is an American reality television series on TV Land starring Harry Hamlin and Lisa Rinna, a married couple. The series follows the couple and their two preteen daughters as they live a hectic Hollywood lifestyle.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes", "paragraph_text": "It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khlo\u00e9's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khlo\u00e9. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Basketball Wives LA", "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Christopher Masterson", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Simba", "paragraph_text": "Simba The Lion King character Simba as he appears as a cub in the first film First appearance The Lion King (1994) Created by Irene Mecchi Jonathan Roberts Linda Woolverton Voiced by Matthew Broderick (adult, in 3 films) Jonathan Taylor Thomas (cub) Joseph Williams (singing, adult) Jason Weaver (singing, cub) Matt Weinberg (cub in The Lion King 11\u20442) Cam Clarke (various sequels and merchandise) Rob Lowe (The Lion Guard) Donald Glover (adult in The Lion King (2019 film) JD McCrary (cub in The Lion King (2019 film) Information Species Lion Gender Male Family Mufasa (father, deceased) Sarabi (mother) Bunga (adoptive brother) Sarafina (mother - in - law) Kovu (son - in - law) Spouse (s) Nala (wife) Children Kopa (son) Kiara (daughter) Kion (son) Relatives Scar (uncle, deceased)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "List of The Young and the Restless cast members", "paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "National Commission for Scheduled Castes", "paragraph_text": "The first Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was set up in August 1978 with Bhola Paswan Shastri as Chairman and other four Members. In 1990 the Commission for SCs and STs was renamed as the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were formed as per 1987 and it was set up as a National Level Advisory Body to advise the Government on broad policy issues and levels of development of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi", "paragraph_text": "Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi (29 January 1873 \u2013 18 March 1933) was an Italian mountaineer and explorer, briefly Infante of Spain as son of Amadeo I of Spain, member of the royal House of Savoy and cousin of the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III. He is known for his Arctic explorations and for his mountaineering expeditions, particularly to Mount Saint Elias (Alaska\u2013Yukon) and K2 (Pakistan\u2013China). He also served as an Italian admiral during World War I.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "George Wickham", "paragraph_text": "George Wickham Gender Male Occupation Officer in Colonel Forster's regiment. Income Less than 100 pounds a year. Family Spouse (s) Lydia Bennet Romantic interest (s) Georgiana Darcy Elizabeth Bennet Mary King", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "King of the Mountain (film)", "paragraph_text": "The film's primary focus is Steve (Harry Hamlin), who has found himself generally content with his uncomplicated life of working and racing. This creates some amount of tension between him and his friends, who have been losing their interest in racing and have been attempting to make serious inroads in the music industry. Steve's blossoming relationship with singer Tina (Deborah Van Valkenburgh) causes him to re-think his mantra, as he realizes that a truly fulfilling life involves more than just work and play.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Mons Ardeshir", "paragraph_text": "Mons Ardeshir is one of the mountains on the Moon, inside crater King. Its diameter is 8\u00a0km. In 1976 it was named after Persian male name Ardeshir.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the spouse of a cast member from King of the Mountain?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 256336, "question": "King of the Mountain >> cast member", "answer": "Harry Hamlin", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 714772, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Lisa Rinna", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}], "answer": "Lisa Rinna", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2237}
{"id": "2hop__199513_801817", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "2015 Brazilian Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Brazilian Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Grande Pr\u00eamio Petrobras do Brasil 2015) was a Formula One motor race held at the Aut\u00f3dromo Jos\u00e9 Carlos Pace in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil on 15 November 2015. It was the eighteenth race of the 2015 FIA Formula One World Championship, and marked the 44th running of the Brazilian Grand Prix as a round of the World Championship since its inception in .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Est\u00e1dio do Arruda", "paragraph_text": "Est\u00e1dio Jos\u00e9 do Rego Maciel, also known as Est\u00e1dio do Arruda, is a multi-purpose stadium in Recife, Brazil. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium was built in 1972 and is able to hold 60,044 spectators. Est\u00e1dio do Arruda is owned by Santa Cruz Futebol Clube. The stadium is named after Jos\u00e9 do Rego Maciel, who was Recife's mayor between 1952 and 1955.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos", "paragraph_text": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos (, meaning Saint Joseph of the Fields) is a major city and the seat of the municipality of the same name in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. One of the leading industrial and research centers with emphasis in aerospace sciences in Latin America, the city is located in the Para\u00edba Valley, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country, S\u00e3o Paulo ( from the city) and Rio de Janeiro (). It is the main city of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Para\u00edba e Litoral Norte. A native of S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos is called a \"joseense\" ().", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "UDRA", "paragraph_text": "UDRA (Uni\u00e3o Desportiva Rei Amador) is a football club that plays in the S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe Championship. The team is based in the southern part of the island of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 in the city of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o dos Angolares and plays at Campo de Ribeira Peixe nearby. The club is named after Rei Amador, a slave king in Angolares mythology.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Central do Brasil", "paragraph_text": "Central do Brasil () is a major train station in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. It is the last stop of Rio's railway network, as well as a hub for connection with the city subway and a bus station. Central do Brasil was also a preeminent stop in the interstate Central do Brasil railroad, which did link Rio de Janeiro with S\u00e3o Paulo and Minas Gerais, though the railroad is now deactivated. The station is located in downtown Rio de Janeiro, along the Avenida Presidente Vargas and across from the Campo de Santana park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Si mis campos hablaran", "paragraph_text": "Si mis campos hablaran is a 1947 Chilean film directed by Jos\u00e9 Bohr and starring Chela Bon. It was entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "S\u00e3o Pedro de Alva e S\u00e3o Paio do Mondego", "paragraph_text": "S\u00e3o Pedro de Alva e S\u00e3o Paio do Mondego is a civil parish in the municipality of Penacova, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes S\u00e3o Pedro de Alva and S\u00e3o Paio do Mondego. The population in 2011 was 1,818, in an area of 37.94\u00a0km\u00b2.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Quatro Marcos", "paragraph_text": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Quatro Marcos is a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso in the Central-West Region of Brazil.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Guararapes", "paragraph_text": "Guararapes is a municipality near Ara\u00e7atuba in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo in Brazil. The population is 32,346 (2015 est.) in an area of 956 km\u00b2. The elevation is 415 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language, meaning \"drums\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Mantimento", "paragraph_text": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Mantimento is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the mesoregion of Zona da Mata and to the microregion of Manhua\u00e7u.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Juca de Oliveira", "paragraph_text": "Juca de Oliveira (born Jos\u00e9 de Oliveira Santos; March 16, 1935 in Itapira, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian actor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Rodovia dos Imigrantes", "paragraph_text": "Rodovia dos Imigrantes (official designation SP\u2011160) is a highway in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The highway connects the city of S\u00e3o Paulo to the Atlantic coast and with the seaside cities of S\u00e3o Vicente and Praia Grande. It follows the route of Rodovia Anchieta and is also one of Brazil's busiest highways, especially on weekends.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ipigu\u00e1", "paragraph_text": "Ipigu\u00e1 is a municipality in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The population is 5,022 (2015 est.) in an area of 136 km\u00b2. Ipigu\u00e1 is located 20\u00a0km from S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto. The municipality belongs to the Microregion of S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "SP-83", "paragraph_text": "The SP-83 is a highway in the southeastern part of the state of S\u00e3o Paulo in Brazil. The highway is known as the Rodovia Anel Vi\u00e1rio Jos\u00e9 Roberto Magalh\u00e3es Teixeira in its entire length.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Santo Ant\u00f4nio da Alegria", "paragraph_text": "Santo Ant\u00f4nio da Alegria is a municipality in the northern part of the state of S\u00e3o Paulo in Brazil. The population is 6,739 (2015 est.) in an area of 310.29 km\u00b2. The elevation is 791 m. A neighboring municipality is S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o do Para\u00edso in Minas Gerais to the northeast.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "2002 Brazilian Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2002 Brazilian Grand Prix (formally the XXXI Grande Pr\u00eamio Marlboro do Brasil) was a Formula One motor race held on 31 March 2002 at the Aut\u00f3dromo Jos\u00e9 Carlos Pace, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. It was the third round of the 2002 Formula One season and the thirty-first Brazilian Grand Prix. The 71-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from the second position. Ralf Schumacher finished second for the Williams team with David Coulthard third in a McLaren.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Jos\u00e9 Pinto Coelho", "paragraph_text": "Jos\u00e9 de Almeida e Vasconcelos Pinto Coelho (born Lisbon, Campo Grande, 27 September 1960) commonly known just by Jos\u00e9 Pinto-Coelho, is a Portuguese far-right and nationalist politician, president of the National Renovator Party (Partido Nacional Renovador) since 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Sisters of St Joseph of Nazareth", "paragraph_text": "The Sisters of Saint Joseph of Nazareth, also called simply the Sisters of St Joseph or Josephites (\"Black Josephites\"), are a religious congregation who have their main centre in Whanganui, New Zealand. The congregation was a member of the Federation of the Sisters of St. Joseph which disbanded in 2013. The Sisters of St Joseph Whanganui received the Decree of Fusion with the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart on 22 February 2013.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Nova Alian\u00e7a", "paragraph_text": "Nova Alian\u00e7a is a municipality in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The population is 6,555 (2015 est.) in an area of 217.5 km\u00b2. Nova Alian\u00e7a belongs to the Mesoregion of S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Battle of Ponta Delgada", "paragraph_text": "The naval Battle of Ponta Delgada, \"Battle of S\u00e3o Miguel\" or specifically the \"Battle of Vila Franca do Campo\" took place on 26 July 1582, off the coast of the island of S\u00e3o Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, during the War of the Portuguese Succession. A combined corsair expedition, mainly French (an Anglo-French fleet with Portuguese forces included), sailed against a Spanish naval force made up of Portuguese and Castilian ships, to preserve control of the Azores under pretender Ant\u00f3nio, Prior of Crato and to defend the islands from incorporation into the Iberian Union\u2014the largest French force sent overseas before the age of Louis XIV.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the birthplace of the person after whom S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos was named?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 199513, "question": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos >> named after", "answer": "Joseph", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 801817, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Nazareth", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Nazareth", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1647}
{"id": "2hop__391857_162018", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sisowath Monireth", "paragraph_text": "Prince Sisowath Monireth (; November 25, 1909 \u2013 September 1975) was Prime Minister of Cambodia, during the French Protectorate Period, from October 17, 1945 to December 15, 1946. One of the most prominent members of the Sisowath line of the royal family at the time, he had earlier been passed over for the throne by the French authorities in favor of Norodom Sihanouk, whom they considered to be more pliable. The prince, however, remained heir to the throne under Sihanouk's reign.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Isles of Scilly", "paragraph_text": "The population of all the islands at the 2011 census was 2,203. Scilly forms part of the ceremonial county of Cornwall, and some services are combined with those of Cornwall. However, since 1890, the islands have had a separate local authority. Since the passing of the Isles of Scilly Order 1930, this authority has had the status of a county council and today is known as the Council of the Isles of Scilly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Andrew Lang", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Lang  (31 March 1844 \u2013 20 July 1912 ) was a Scottish poet, novelist, literary critic, and contributor to the field of anthropology. He is best known as a collector of folk and fairy tales. The Andrew Lang lectures at the University of St Andrews are named after him.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Prince Prigio", "paragraph_text": "Prince Prigio is a literary and comic fairy tale written by Andrew Lang in 1889, and illustrated by Gordon Browne. It draws in Lang's folklorist background for many tropes.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Donald Alexander MacKinnon", "paragraph_text": "Donald Alexander MacKinnon (22 February 1863 \u2013 20 April 1928) was a Canadian teacher, lawyer, politician, author, and the eighth Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island from 1904 to 1910.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Prisdang", "paragraph_text": "Prince Prisdang was born in Bangkok, as Prince Prisdang Chumsai, a grandson of Rama III. He was educated in Singapore and in England, subsequently graduated with all the top awards from King's College London in 1876. The event was reported in \"The Times\" of London on 7 July that year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Prince and the Pauper", "paragraph_text": "The Prince and the Pauper is a novel by American author Mark Twain. It was first published in 1881 in Canada, before its 1882 publication in the United States. The novel represents Twain's first attempt at historical fiction. Set in 1547, it tells the story of two young boys who are identical in appearance: Tom Canty, a pauper who lives with his abusive father in Offal Court off Pudding Lane in London, and Prince Edward, son of King Henry VIII.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "David Chavchavadze", "paragraph_text": "Prince David Chavchavadze (May 20, 1924 \u2013 October 5, 2014) was an American author and a former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer of Georgian-Russian origin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Bernard of Saxe-Weimar", "paragraph_text": "Bernard of Saxe-Weimar (; 16 August 160418 July 1639) was a German prince and general in the Thirty Years' War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Continuing resolution", "paragraph_text": "Between fiscal year 1977 and fiscal year 2015, Congress only passed all twelve regular appropriations bills on time in four years - fiscal years 1977, 1989, 1995, and 1997.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Second Bank of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1816 to January 1836. The bank's formal name, according to section 9 of its charter as passed by Congress, was \"The President, Directors, and Company, of the Bank of the United States.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Norfolk Island", "paragraph_text": "Norfolk Island is the only non-mainland Australian territory to have achieved self-governance. The Norfolk Island Act 1979, passed by the Parliament of Australia in 1979, is the Act under which the island was governed until the passing of the Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Act 2015. The Australian government maintains authority on the island through an Administrator, currently Gary Hardgrave. From 1979 to 2015, a Legislative Assembly was elected by popular vote for terms of not more than three years, although legislation passed by the Australian Parliament could extend its laws to the territory at will, including the power to override any laws made by the assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Osorkon III", "paragraph_text": "Usermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon III Si-Ese was Pharaoh of Egypt in the 8th Century BC. He is the same person as the Crown Prince and High Priest of Amun Osorkon B, son of Takelot II by his Great Royal Wife Karomama II. Prince Osorkon B is best attested by his Chronicle\u2014which consists of a series of texts documenting his activities at Thebes\u2014on the Bubastite Portal at Karnak.  He later reigned as king Osorkon III in Upper Egypt for twenty-eight years after defeating the rival forces of Pedubast I/Shoshenq VI who had apparently resisted the authority of his father here. Osorkon ruled the last five years of his reign in coregency with his son, Takelot III, according to Karnak Nile Level Text No. 13. Osorkon III's formal titulary was long and elaborate: Usermaatre Setepenamun, Osorkon Si-Ese Meryamun, Netjer-Heqa-waset.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Carantania", "paragraph_text": "In 828, Carantania finally became a margraviate of the Carolingian Empire. The local princes were deposed for following the anti-Frankish rebellion of the Lower Pannonian prince Ljudevit Posavski and replaced by a Germanic (primarily Bavarian) ascendancy. By the 843 Treaty of Verdun, it passed into the hands of Louis the German (804\u2013876) who, according to the \"Annales Fuldenses\" (863), gave the title of a \"prefect of the Carantanians\" (\"praelatus Carantanis\") to his eldest son Carloman. In 887 Arnulf of Carinthia (850\u2013899), a grandson of Louis the German, assumed his title of King of the East Franks and became the first Duke of Carinthia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Geng Jimao", "paragraph_text": "Geng Jimao or Keng Chi-mao (; died 1671) was a Chinese prince and military leader, inheriting the title of \"Jingnan Prince\" (Jingnan wang [\u9756\u5357\u738b] meaning \"Prince who pacifies the South\") from his father Geng Zhongming, along with his lands, and passing it on, in his turn to his son Geng Jingzhong.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Patriot Day", "paragraph_text": "A bill to make September 11 a national day of mourning was introduced in the U.S. House on October 25, 2001, by Rep. Vito Fossella (R - NY) with 22 co-sponsors, among them 11 Democrats and 11 Republicans. The bill requested that the President designate September 11 of each year as Patriot Day. Joint Resolution 71 passed the House by a vote of 407 -- 0, with 25 members not voting. The bill passed the Senate unanimously on November 30. President Bush signed the resolution into law on December 18 as Pub. L. 107 -- 89. On September 4, 2002, President Bush used the authority of the resolution to proclaim September 11, 2002, as the first Patriot Day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Xhelal Bey Zogu", "paragraph_text": "Prince Xhelal Bey Zogu (14 May 1881 in Castle Burgajet, Ottoman Empire \u2013 26 February 1944 in Turkey) was a son of Xhemal Pasha Zogu ( 1860\u20131911) and Melek Zogu (1860\u20131884). As Xhemal's eldest son, Zogu was expected to be selected over his half-brother Zog of Albania to lead the family and to inherit his hereditary responsibilities as Governor of Mati; however, for unknown reasons, he was passed over. Prince Xhelal's \"Bey\" title derives from the Turkish title applied to leaders or rulers during the Ottoman Empire with variations including Beyg, Begum, Bygjymi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Chota Nagpur Division", "paragraph_text": "Chota Nagpur Division became part of the new province of Bihar and Orissa when it was created in 1912. In 1936 the province was split into the separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa, and the princely states were placed under the authority of the Eastern States Agency.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "United States budget process", "paragraph_text": "There is no obligation for either or both houses of Congress to pass a budget resolution. There may not be a resolution every year; if none is established, the previous year's resolution remains in force. For example, the Senate has not passed a budget resolution for FY2011, FY2012, or FY2013, and passed the FY2014 budget resolution on March 23, 2013, 23 days before the April 15 deadline set by the No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. This was the first budget resolution passed by the Senate since a FY2010 budget passed on April 29, 2009. The House and Senate may propose a budget independently of the President's budget. For example, for the 2014 budget process, the House prepared its budget proposal on March 21 and the Senate proposed a budget on March 23, while the President's budget was not submitted until April 10.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "2014 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony", "paragraph_text": "The final part of the Queen's Baton Relay was run by 32 Scottish volunteers nominated for giving their time to developing the nation's youth through sport. The baton was then passed to Sir Chris Hoy, who delivered it to President of the Commonwealth Games Federation HRH Prince Imran and the Queen. The display of the message concealed within the baton was delayed by a difficulty in opening the device.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What year did the author of Prince Prigio die?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 391857, "question": "Prince Prigio >> author", "answer": "Andrew Lang", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 162018, "question": "What year did #1 pass?", "answer": "1912", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}], "answer": "1912", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1901}
{"id": "2hop__645448_77615", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Philippines)", "paragraph_text": "ROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines. The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United States Department of War through the Governor - General and received the services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on 3 July 1922.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "F\u00e9lix Enr\u00edquez Alcal\u00e1", "paragraph_text": "F\u00e9lix Enr\u00edquez Alcal\u00e1 (sometimes credited as Felix Alcala) (born March 7, 1951 in Bakersfield, California) is an American film and television director.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Helmut Schmidt University", "paragraph_text": "The Helmut Schmidt University (), located in Hamburg, Germany, is a German military educational establishment that was founded in 1973 at the initiative of the then-Federal Minister of Defence, Helmut Schmidt. Originally known as the \"University of the Bundeswehr Hamburg\" (\"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr\"), its complete official name today is \"Helmut-Schmidt-Universit\u00e4t/Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr Hamburg\". Teaching first started in Autumn of 1973. It is one of two universities that were established by the Bundeswehr to train and educate its future and existing officers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Franco-Prussian War", "paragraph_text": "In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifled intellectual development. According to the military historian Dallas Irvine, the system \"was almost completely effective in excluding the army's brain power from the staff and high command. To the resulting lack of intelligence at the top can be ascribed all the inexcusable defects of French military policy.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "North Dakota School for the Deaf", "paragraph_text": "The North Dakota School for the Deaf (NDSD) is a state-funded residential school located in Devils Lake, North Dakota that provides services to meet the educational needs of children who are deaf and hard of hearing. NDSD is under the direction, control, and management of the North Dakota Department of Public Instruction. The current superintendent of the school is Dr. Connie Hovendick.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Elementary and secondary public schools are overseen by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. The North Carolina Superintendent of Public Instruction is the secretary of the North Carolina State Board of Education, but the board, rather than the superintendent, holds most of the legal authority for making public education policy. In 2009, the board's chairman also became the \"chief executive officer\" for the state's school system. North Carolina has 115 public school systems, each of which is overseen by a local school board. A county may have one or more systems within it. The largest school systems in North Carolina are the Wake County Public School System, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, Guilford County Schools, Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools, and Cumberland County Schools. In total there are 2,425 public schools in the state, including 99 charter schools. North Carolina Schools were segregated until the Brown v. Board of Education trial and the release of the Pearsall Plan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Alexander Military Law Academy", "paragraph_text": "Alexander Military Law Academy () (1867\u20131917) was an educational institution in Russian Empire that provided military law education for officers of Russian Army and Fleet. It was established in 1867 and named after his founder, Emperor Alexander II of Russia in 1908. The Academy was situated in St. Petersburg by 96 Moika Embankment, along with many other institutions of military education.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy", "paragraph_text": "Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy Established under the aegis of the Al-Ameen Educational Society in 1983. Al-Ameen Educational Society is one of the biggest minority education society in India established in the year 1966. Dr.Mumtaz Ahmed Khan is the founder of the Society. It was started to meet the needs of education in the city and of minority Muslim community.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Grace Fernald", "paragraph_text": "Grace Maxwell Fernald (November 29, 1879 \u2013 January 16, 1950) was an educational psychologist and influential figure in early twentieth century literacy education. Fernald established \"the first clinic for remedial instruction in 1921 at the University of California, Los Angeles\". Tracing tactile learning tendencies back to Quintilian, S\u00e9guin, and Montessori, Fernald's kinesthetic spelling and reading method prompted struggling students to trace words. Years of research culminated in 1943 with her classic work, \"Remedial Techniques in Basic School Subjects\". The popular kinesthetic method anchors modern instruction in the areas of special education and remedial reading. Kinesthetic learning is also included as one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences. Fernald's notion of incorporating the physical with the auditory, verbal, and visual elements of reading instruction, now known as \"VAKT\", multimodal learning, or multisensory imagery, continues to guide educators today.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "United States Society for Education through Art", "paragraph_text": "The United States Society for Education through Art (USSEA) is an American national association whose members work in curriculum development, teaching and research related to art education and cultural differences, and who share interests in art educational content and strategies which promote tolerance and appreciation of the arts of non-mainstream cultural peoples. The mission of the society is to promote greater understanding and respect for learners from all ethnic, minority, and socio-cultural backgrounds through research, art curricula, instruction, and practices that are inclusive and culturally sensitive.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "paragraph_text": "In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to \"Free Vietnam\" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military campaign. In February 1955, Eisenhower dispatched the first American soldiers to Vietnam as military advisors to Diem's army. After Diem announced the formation of the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, commonly known as South Vietnam) in October, Eisenhower immediately recognized the new state and offered military, economic, and technical assistance.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "C. W. W. Kannangara", "paragraph_text": "As Minister of Education Kannagara was placed in charge of implementing the recommendations. Among the reforms he introduced, which came into operation on 1 October 1945, were to make education free of charge for all students, to ensure that every student was provided with instruction in the religion of his / her parents, to prevent teachers from been exploited by managers of schools by having their wages paid directly by the government and to make adequate provisions for adult education in the country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Somalis", "paragraph_text": "Qur'anic schools (also known as dugsi) remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. They provide Islamic education for children, thereby filling a clear religious and social role in the country. Known as the most stable local, non-formal system of education providing basic religious and moral instruction, their strength rests on community support and their use of locally made and widely available teaching materials. The Qur'anic system, which teaches the greatest number of students relative to other educational sub-sectors, is oftentimes the only system accessible to Somalis in nomadic as compared to urban areas. A study from 1993 found, among other things, that \"unlike in primary schools where gender disparity is enormous, around 40 per cent of Qur'anic school pupils are girls; but the teaching staff have minimum or no qualification necessary to ensure intellectual development of children.\" To address these concerns, the Somali government on its own part subsequently established the Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs, under which Qur'anic education is now regulated.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair's marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail order business, selling bodybuilding and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser", "paragraph_text": "Following Syria's secession, Nasser grew concerned with Amer's inability to train and modernize the army, and with the state within a state Amer had created in the military command and intelligence apparatus. In late 1961, Nasser established the Presidential Council and decreed it the authority to approve all senior military appointments, instead of leaving this responsibility solely to Amer. Moreover, he instructed that the primary criterion for promotion should be merit and not personal loyalties. Nasser retracted the initiative after Amer's allies in the officers corps threatened to mobilize against him.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Brothers of Christian Instruction", "paragraph_text": "The Brothers of Christian Instruction (, F.I.C.P.), commonly known as the La Mennais Brothers, is a Catholic educational organization founded in 1819 by Gabriel Deshayes and Jean-Marie de la Mennais for the instruction of youth. Their aim remains that of their Founder: \"to educate the young and to make Jesus Christ better known and better loved\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Tiberius Coruncanius", "paragraph_text": "Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression \"Pyrrhic victory\". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Larry Alcala", "paragraph_text": "He was born on August 18, 1926 to Ernesto Alcala and Elpidia Zarate in Daraga, Albay. Through a scholarship from Manila Times granted by the publisher Ram\u00f3n Roces, he obtained a degree of Bachelor of Fine Arts in Painting at the University of the Philippines (UP) in 1950. He became a professor at the same university from 1951 to 1981. He also received the Australian Cultural Award accompanied by a travel study grant in 1975.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Education in the Philippines", "paragraph_text": "In 2011, the Department of Education started to implement the new K - 12 educational system, which also included a new curriculum for all schools nationwide. The K - 12 program has a so - called ``phased implementation '', which started in S.Y 2011 - 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Perfect Strangers (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The start of season 3 in fall 1987 found Larry and Balki in a new, larger apartment where Balki had his own room instead of sleeping on a fold - out sofa. External shots clearly depict a new apartment building. According to season 6, episode 13, Larry and Balki's address is 711 Coldwell Street, Apt # 209, Chicago, Illinois. The characters never made reference to the move, and Jennifer and Mary Anne were still co-tenants in the new surroundings.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When did military instruction start at the place where Larry Alcala was educated?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 645448, "question": "Larry Alcala >> educated at", "answer": "University of the Philippines", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 77615, "question": "when did the military instruction start in #1", "answer": "1912", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}], "answer": "1912", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2155}
{"id": "2hop__123104_77615", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Paolo Manalo", "paragraph_text": "Paolo Manalo is a Filipino poet who teaches at the College of Arts and Letters, University of the Philippines. For a time he served as the literary editor of the Philippines Free Press.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Lorenzo Baraldi", "paragraph_text": "Lorenzo Baraldi studied at the faculty of set design of the \"Istituto d'Arte Paolo Toschi\" in Parma, Italy, and attended the set decoration classes of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera in Milan. He taught set decoration at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Viterbo from 1993 to 1995, at the \"Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia\" from 1994 to 1995, at the \"Accademia di Costume e Moda\" in Rome from 1995 to 1998, at the \"Associazione Scenografi Costumisti e Arredatori\" from 1998 to 1999, at the \"Istituto Europeo di Design\" (I.E.D.) during the academic year 2005\u20132006, and in the Campus for arts student of the \"Sannio Film Festival\" in the years 2008 and 2009. He made a series of lectures on scenography and scenotechnics at the \"Istituto d'Arte Paolo Toschi\" in Parma in winter 1996 and in 2000\u20132001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mark Starowicz", "paragraph_text": "Born in Worksop, England, the son of Polish \u00e9migr\u00e9s, he and his family immigrated to Montreal in 1954. He attended Loyola High School and received a B.A. from McGill University in 1968. In 1964, he started as a reporter for the \"Montreal Gazette\". He moved to the \"McGill Daily\" in 1968 and to the \"Toronto Star\" in 1969.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University", "paragraph_text": "Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University (also known as Bosphorus University, , \"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i\" literally meaning Bosphorus in Turkish) is a major research university located on the European side of the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul, Turkey. It has four faculties and two schools offering undergraduate degrees, and six institutes offering graduate degrees. The language of instruction is English.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Karl Popper", "paragraph_text": "He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for which he assumed the ability to make furniture might be useful. After that he did voluntary service in one of psychoanalyst Alfred Adler's clinics for children. In 1922, he did his matura by way of a second chance education and finally joined the University as an ordinary student. He completed his examination as an elementary teacher in 1924 and started working at an after-school care club for socially endangered children. In 1925, he went to the newly founded P\u00e4dagogisches Institut and continued studying philosophy and psychology. Around that time he started courting Josefine Anna Henninger, who later became his wife.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "University of Kolwezi", "paragraph_text": "The University of Kalemie (UNIKOL) is a public university in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the province of Katanga, city of Kolwezi. At its creation, it was an \"Extension of the University of Lubumbashi\", then called \"University Centre of Kolwezi (C.U.K.)\". Instruction is in French.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Austin Warren", "paragraph_text": "Edward Austin Warren Jr. was born in Waltham, Massachusetts on July 4, 1899 as the elder of two sons by Edward Austin Warren, city alderman of Waltham and expert butcher, and Nellie Myra Anderson Warren. He attended public grammar school in Ashburnham, Massachusetts and briefly attended Waltham High School, where he received instruction in Latin and studied Esperanto independently. At the age of thirteen, Warren and his family relocated to a lonely farm in Stow, Massachusetts. He attended Hale High School and received additional training in Latin; he would later consider this instruction responsible for his classical major at college.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Philippines)", "paragraph_text": "ROTC in the Philippines began in 1912 when the Philippine Constabulary commenced with military instruction at the University of the Philippines. The university's Board of Regents then made representations to the United States Department of War through the Governor - General and received the services of a United States Army officer who took on the duties of a professor of Military Science. Through this arrangement, the first official ROTC unit in the Philippines was established in the University of the Philippines on 3 July 1922.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Fabio Mignanelli", "paragraph_text": "Fabio Mignanelli was born in Siena ca. 1486, the son of Pietro Paolo Mignanelli and Onorata Saraceni. He attended the University of Siena, becoming a doctor of both laws. He then became a professor of law at the University of Siena.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Paolo Del Bianco", "paragraph_text": "Born in Florence, Italy, Paolo Del Bianco graduated at the University of Florence in 1972 with a degree in architecture. In the period 1972\u20131975 he was assistant professor at the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Florence. He then focused on building construction for the hotel industry. He designed and built hotels and a conference center in Florence, later overseeing their management.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "John Smythe Hall", "paragraph_text": "Born in Montreal, the son of John Smythe Hall, a lumber merchant, and Emma Brigham, he attended Bishop's College School in Lennoxville, Quebec and received a Bachelor of Law degree from McGill University in 1875. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1876 and then started a law career which would see him become a principal partner of the law firm Hall, Cross, Brown, and Sharp.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Perry Belmont", "paragraph_text": "He attended Everest Military Academy in Hamden, Connecticut; and graduated from Harvard College in 1872; attended the law school in the University of Berlin; and graduated from the Columbia Law School in 1876. He was admitted to the bar that same year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Tiberius Coruncanius", "paragraph_text": "Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression \"Pyrrhic victory\". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Danuta Dmowska", "paragraph_text": "Dmowska started fencing when she was ten years old. At first, she fought with foil but at the age of twelve she started training with \u00e9p\u00e9e. From 1997 to 2001, Danuta Dmowska attended the XLV Lyceum in Warsaw, Poland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair's marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail order business, selling bodybuilding and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Itanium", "paragraph_text": "In 1989, HP determined that Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architectures were approaching a processing limit at one instruction per cycle. HP researchers investigated a new architecture, later named Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC), that allows the processor to execute multiple instructions in each clock cycle. EPIC implements a form of very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture, in which a single instruction word contains multiple instructions. With EPIC, the compiler determines in advance which instructions can be executed at the same time, so the microprocessor simply executes the instructions and does not need elaborate mechanisms to determine which instructions to execute in parallel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "A. Carl Helmholz", "paragraph_text": "Helmholz was born in Evanston, Illinois on May 24, 1915. He attended the Shattuck School military academy in Faribault, Minnesota, following which he went to Harvard University for his undergraduate education. In 1936, Helmholz won a fellowship to study at the Cambridge University for one year. On the advice of his family neighbour and future Nobel laureate Luis Alvarez, Helmolz moved to the University of California, Berkeley for his graduate education.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Keller Plan", "paragraph_text": "The Keller Plan, also called the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), was developed by Fred S. Keller with J. Gilmour Sherman, Carolina Bori, and Rodolpho Azzi in the middle 1960s as an innovative method of instruction for the then-new University of Bras\u00edlia. PSI was conceived of as an application of Skinner's theories of learning, grounded in operant conditioning strategies of behaviorism.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Ralph Morgan", "paragraph_text": "Morgan attended Trinity School, Riverview Military Academy and graduated from Columbia University with a law degree. However, after almost two years' practicing, he abandoned the world of jurisprudence for the vocation of journeyman actor, having already appeared in Columbia's annual Varsity Show. In 1905, billed as Raphael Kuhner Wupperman, he appeared in \"The Khan of Kathan\", that year's variety show.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Helmut Schmidt University", "paragraph_text": "The Helmut Schmidt University (), located in Hamburg, Germany, is a German military educational establishment that was founded in 1973 at the initiative of the then-Federal Minister of Defence, Helmut Schmidt. Originally known as the \"University of the Bundeswehr Hamburg\" (\"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr\"), its complete official name today is \"Helmut-Schmidt-Universit\u00e4t/Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr Hamburg\". Teaching first started in Autumn of 1973. It is one of two universities that were established by the Bundeswehr to train and educate its future and existing officers.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When did the military instruction start in the university that Paulo Manalo attended?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 123104, "question": "What university did Paolo Manalo attend?", "answer": "University of the Philippines", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 77615, "question": "when did the military instruction start in #1", "answer": "1912", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "1912", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1956}
{"id": "2hop__701525_342810", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Fronti\u00e8re internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Krasnovishersky District", "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Wewela, South Dakota", "paragraph_text": "Wewela (Lakota: \"wiw\u00edla\"; \"A spring\") is an unincorporated community in Tripp County, South Dakota, United States. Wewela is located on U.S. Route 183 near the Nebraska border south of Colome.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Notogawa, Shiga", "paragraph_text": "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Cedar Springs, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm-to-market road #2027.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Troy Independent School District", "paragraph_text": "Located in Bell County, the district extends into a small portion of Falls County. In addition to Troy, the district also serves the unincorporated communities of Pendleton, Belfalls, and Oenaville.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cedar Creek (Dix River tributary)", "paragraph_text": "Cedar Creek, located in Lincoln County in south-central Kentucky, USA, is an tributary to the Dix River. Via the Dix, Kentucky and Ohio rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. In 2002, a section of Cedar Creek was impounded to form Cedar Creek Lake.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Virginia, Lempira", "paragraph_text": "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Swan Miara", "paragraph_text": "Swan Miara is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district where it borders Abbottabad District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Gmina W\u0142odawa", "paragraph_text": "Gmina W\u0142odawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in W\u0142odawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of W\u0142odawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Thirukkanur", "paragraph_text": "Thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of Puducherry, India. It one of 16 villages located in Mannadipet commune panchayat of the Villianur taluk. It is bordered by the state of Tamil Nadu both to the east and west.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Oak Lawn, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Mount Bosworth", "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Clear Springs, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Clear Springs is a historic settlement in Guadalupe County, Texas, United States. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area. It shares its name with the nearby Clear Springs Air Force Base.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Berhale (woreda)", "paragraph_text": "Berahle is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 2, Berahle's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Afdera and Abala, on the southwest by the Tigray Region, on the west by Koneba, on the north by Dallol, and on the northeast by Eritrea. Towns in Berahle include Berhale and Tiyarabora.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Geography of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Adaba (woreda)", "paragraph_text": "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What county shares a border with Cedar Springs?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 701525, "question": "Cedar Springs >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Falls County", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 342810, "question": "#1 >> shares border with", "answer": "Bell County", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}], "answer": "Bell County", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1730}
{"id": "2hop__668407_683671", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Empress Dowager Gou", "paragraph_text": "Empress Dowager Gou (\u82df\u592a\u540e, personal name unknown) was an empress dowager of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin. Her husband was Fu Xiong (\u82fb\u96c4), the Prince of Donghai and brother of the founding emperor Fu Ji\u00e0n. She became empress dowager in 357 after her son Fu Ji\u0101n (note different tone) seized power in a coup from his tyrannical cousin Fu Sheng (Fu Ji\u00e0n's son) and claimed the title \"Heavenly Prince\" (\"Tian Wang\"). In addition to Fu Ji\u0101n, she had at least one other son with Fu Xiong, Fu Shuang (\u82fb\u96d9) the Duke of Zhao.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sima Yuanxian", "paragraph_text": "Sima Yuanxian was the son of Sima Daozi the Prince of Kuaiji, the younger brother of Emperor Xiaowu and son of Emperor Jianwen, and he was born during the reign of his uncle Emperor Xiaowu. When Emperor Xiaowu was murdered by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang in 396, he was succeeded by Emperor An, and Sima Daozi, as the emperor's uncle, became regent. Sima Daozi's trusted associates Wang Guobao (\u738b\u570b\u5bf6) and Wang Xu (\u738b\u7dd2), because of their corrupt ways, quickly drew the ires of provincial officials Wang Gong (\u738b\u606d) and Yin Zhongkan (\u6bb7\u4ef2\u582a), and in 397, Wang Gong and Yin started a rebellion, demanding that Wang Guobao and Wang Xu be killed. Sima Daozi, apprehensive of Wang Gong and Yin's power, executed Wang Guobao and Wang Xu, and Wang Gong and Yin withdrew. It was at this juncture that Sima Yuanxian, Sima Daozi's heir apparent, who was 15 but considered intelligent and capable, warned Sima Daozi that Wang Gong and Yin would one day again rebel. Sima Daozi, trusting his son, entrusted Sima Yuanxian with his personal guards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Li Kuangwei", "paragraph_text": "Li Kuangwei (\u674e\u5321\u5a01) (d. 893) was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who controlled Lulong Circuit (\u76e7\u9f8d, headquartered in modern Beijing) after inherited it from his father Li Quanzhong in 886, until he was overthrown by his brother Li Kuangchou in 893. After he was overthrown, he resided briefly at the domain of his ally Wang Rong the military governor of Chengde Circuit (\u6210\u5fb7, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei). He subsequently tried to seize control of the circuit from Wang, but was killed by Chengde soldiers faithful to Wang.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Empress Dowager Wang (Rui)", "paragraph_text": "Empress Dowager Wang (\u738b\u592a\u540e, personal name unknown) (died 928) was a concubine of the late-Tang Dynasty warlord Yang Xingmi and the mother of his son Yang Pu, the final ruler and the only emperor of the Wu state founded upon the territory that Yang Xingmi took. During Yang Pu's reign as emperor, she was honored as empress dowager.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Philip III of Spain", "paragraph_text": "Philip III Portrait by Andr\u00e9s L\u00f3pez Polanco King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia; Duke of Milan (more...) Reign 13 September 1598 -- 31 March 1621 Predecessor Philip II and I Successor Philip IV and III 14 April 1578 Madrid, Spain 31 March 1621 (1621 - 03 - 31) (aged 42) Madrid, Spain Burial El Escorial Spouse Margaret of Austria (m. 1599; d. 1611) Issue Anne, Queen of France Philip IV of Spain Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress Infante Charles of Spain Cardinal - Infante Ferdinand House Habsburg Father Philip II of Spain Mother Anna of Austria Religion Roman Catholicism Signature", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Wang Lin (badminton)", "paragraph_text": "Wang Lin (born March 30, 1989 in Hangzhou) is a badminton player from China. Wang Lin was crowned the world champion after winning the gold medal at the 2010 BWF World Championships held at Paris defeating fellow Chinese Wang Xin 21-11, 19-21, 21-13.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Cunigunde of Luxembourg", "paragraph_text": "Saint Cunigunde of Luxembourg, OSB (c. 975 \u2013 3 March 1040), also called Cunegundes, Cunegunda, and Cunegonda and, in Latin, Cunegundis or Kinigundis, was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Saint Henry II. She served as interim Regent after the death of her spouse in 1024. She is a Roman Catholic saint and the Patroness of Luxembourg and Lithuania; her feast day is 3 March.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Empress Sh\u014dshi", "paragraph_text": ", also known as , the eldest daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga, was Empress of Japan from c. 1000 to c. 1011. Her father sent her to live in the Emperor Ichij\u014d's harem at age 12. Because of his power, influence and political machinations she quickly achieved the status of . As empress she was able to surround herself with a court of talented and educated ladies-in-waiting such as Murasaki Shikibu, author of \"The Tale of Genji\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Empress Gou", "paragraph_text": "Empress Gou (\u82df\u7687\u540e, personal name unknown) was an empress of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin. Her husband was Fu Ji\u0101n, who created her empress in 355 after seizing the throne from his violent and cruel cousin Fu Sheng even though he claimed only the title of \"Heavenly Prince\" (\"Tian Wang\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Last Empress (novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Last Empress is a historical novel by Anchee Min that provides a sympathetic account of the life of Empress Dowager Cixi (referred to as Empress Orchid), from her rise to power as Empress Tzu-Hsi, until her death at 72 years of age. Akin to the bestselling and preceding novel in the series Empress Orchid, names within the story are different in spelling but retain the same pronunciation - allowing the reader to identify each relevant character to his or her real life counterpart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Empress of Mijak", "paragraph_text": "Empress of Mijak (known as Empress in North America and the United Kingdom) is the first novel in the \"Godspeaker\" series by Karen Miller.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Wang Yacheng", "paragraph_text": "Wang Yacheng (\u738b\u4e9e\u6f84) (d. 944), formally the Prince of Min (\u95a9\u738b), was an imperial prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. He was the only historically-known son of its fifth ruler Wang Yanxi (also known as Wang Xi, Emperor Jingzong).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Empress Dowager Xu", "paragraph_text": "Empress Dowager Xu (\u5f90\u592a\u540e, personal name unknown) (died 926), honored as Empress Dowager Shunsheng (\u9806\u8056\u592a\u540e) during the reign of her son Wang Yan (n\u00e9 Wang Zongyan), known as Consort Xu with the imperial consort rank \"Xianfei\" (\u5f90\u8ce2\u5983) during the reign of her husband Wang Jian, was an empress dowager of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu. She was one of the favorite concubines of Wang Jian, the founder of Former Shu, and through her palace machinations was able to have her son Wang Yan (who was then named Wang Zongyan) made Wang Jian's heir. She was described as beautiful and capable of writing poems, but corrupt. After Former Shu's destruction by Later Tang, she, her son, as well as the rest of the Former Shu imperial family, were executed by Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Geng Jimao", "paragraph_text": "Geng Jimao or Keng Chi-mao (; died 1671) was a Chinese prince and military leader, inheriting the title of \"Jingnan Prince\" (Jingnan wang [\u9756\u5357\u738b] meaning \"Prince who pacifies the South\") from his father Geng Zhongming, along with his lands, and passing it on, in his turn to his son Geng Jingzhong.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Princess Pingyang (Han dynasty)", "paragraph_text": "Princess Pingyang (\u5e73\u967d\u516c\u4e3b) was the eldest daughter of Emperor Jing of Han and his second empress, Empress Wang Zhi, as well as Emperor Wu's most well-known older sister. Her official title was actually Eldest Princess Yangxin (\u967d\u4fe1\u9577\u516c\u4e3b), but because she married Cao Shi (\u66f9\u65f6, also known as Cao Shou \u66f9\u5bff), the Marquess of Pingyang (\u5e73\u967d\u4faf), she was generally referred to as Princess Pingyang after her husband's enfeoffment.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Jin Feishan", "paragraph_text": "Jin Feishan (; died 926) was an empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu. She was the second wife of Former Shu's last emperor Wang Yan (n\u00e9 Wang Zongyan).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Empress Qiang", "paragraph_text": "Empress Qiang (\u5f37\u7687\u540e, personal name unknown) (died 356), formally Empress Mingde (\u660e\u5fb7\u7687\u540e, literally \"the understanding and virtuous empress\"), was an empress of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin. Her husband was Former Qin's founding emperor, Fu Ji\u00e0n (Emperor Jingming).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Wang Shen'ai", "paragraph_text": "Wang Shen'ai was the daughter of the official Wang Xianzhi, the son of the famed official and calligrapher Wang Xizhi. Her mother Princess Xin'an was the daughter of Emperor Jianwen, making her and her husband cousins. In 396, while he was still crown prince under his father Emperor Xiaowu, they married, and she became crown empress. She was 12, and he was 14. As he was described to be so developmentally disabled that he could not speak or dress himself, or express whether he was full or hungry, it was unlikely that their marriage was consummated; in any case, they had no children. Later that year, after Emperor Xiaowu was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang after humiliating her, Emperor An became emperor. In 397, she was created empress.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Empress Wang (Yang Pu)", "paragraph_text": "Empress Wang (\u738b\u7687\u540e, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (\u8b93\u7687\u540e, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Wang Yuanji", "paragraph_text": "Wang Yuanji (217\u2013268) was the wife of Sima Zhao, a regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She became the empress dowager during the reign of her son Sima Yan, who ended the Wei regime and founded the Jin dynasty. She was posthumously honoured as \"Empress Wenming\" (literally \"civil and understanding empress\") after her death.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the father of Empress Wang's husband?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 668407, "question": "Empress Wang >> spouse", "answer": "Yang Pu", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 683671, "question": "#1 >> father", "answer": "Yang Xingmi", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "Yang Xingmi", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2179}
{"id": "2hop__286093_361551", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jane and Finch", "paragraph_text": "Jane and Finch is a neighbourhood located in the northwest end of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the district of North York. Centred at the intersection of Jane Street and Finch Avenue West, the area is roughly bounded by Highway 400 to the west, Driftwood Avenue to the east, Sheppard Avenue to the south, and Steeles Avenue to the north. The intersection itself was the location of a historic hamlet named Elia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "James Finch", "paragraph_text": "James Finch (born 1950, Lynn Haven, Florida) is an American businessman. He is the owner of Phoenix Construction, a construction company that specializes in airport construction. He owned Phoenix Racing until late 2013 when he sold the team to Harry Scott. Finch began work in construction as a teenager, and later formed Phoenix Construction Services, whose first job was at Tyndall Air Force Base.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Darwin's finches", "paragraph_text": "Darwin's finches (also known as the Gal\u00e1pagos finches) are a group of about fifteen species of passerine birds. They are well known for their remarkable diversity in beak form and function. They are often classified as the subfamily Geospizinae or tribe Geospizini. They belong to the tanager family and are not closely related to the true finches. The closest known relative of the Gal\u00e1pagos finches is Tiaris obscurus. They were first collected by Charles Darwin on the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands during the second voyage of the Beagle. Apart from the Cocos finch, which is from Cocos Island, the others are found only on the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries", "paragraph_text": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Emp\u00faries or Emp\u00f2rion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Emp\u00faries moved to Castell\u00f3 d'Emp\u00faries place less exposed to attack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham", "paragraph_text": "Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham, PC (23 December 162018 December 1682), Lord Chancellor of England, was descended from the old family of Finch, many of whose members had attained high legal eminence, and was the eldest son of Sir Heneage Finch, Recorder of London, by his first wife Frances Bell, daughter of Sir Edmond Bell of Beaupre Hall, Norfolk.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "James W. Clise House", "paragraph_text": "The James W. Clise House is a house located within Marymoor Park in Redmond, Washington, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)", "paragraph_text": "Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch John Megna as Charles Baker ``Dill ''Harris Frank Overton as Sheriff Heck Tate Rosemary Murphy as Miss Maudie Atkinson Ruth White as Mrs Dubose Brock Peters as Tom Robinson Estelle Evans as Calpurnia Paul Fix as Judge John Taylor Collin Wilcox as Mayella Violet Ewell James Anderson as Robert E. Lee`` Bob'' Ewell Alice Ghostley as Aunt Stephanie Crawford Robert Duvall as Arthur ``Boo ''Radley William Windom as Horace Gilmer, District Attorney Crahan Denton as Walter Cunningham Richard Hale as Nathan Radley Mary Badham as Jean Louise`` Scout'' Finch Phillip Alford as Jeremy Atticus ``Jem ''Finch", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Andy Finch", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Joseph \"Andy\" Finch (born March 20, 1981) is an American snowboarder. His accomplishments include winning the overall U.S. Grand Prix Halfpipe Title in 2003 and 2004, taking first place in the Arctic Challenge in Norway in April 2004, winning the Vans Triple Crown in February 2004, winning the O\u2019Neill Snowboard Jam in January 2005, and finishing in second place in Northstar Resort\u2019s Vans Tahoe Cup. In addition, Finch competed in the 2006 Winter Olympics for the United States. He is living a now free retired life in Truckee ca and can be found Sierra Bible church on Brockway Road in Truckee California on Sundays. He attended Bullard High School in Fresno, California.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "List of centuries in Twenty20 International cricket", "paragraph_text": "10 Finch, Aaron Aaron Finch 7003156000000000000 \u2660 156 63 11 14 247.61 Australia England Rose Bowl, Southampton, England 000000002013 - 08 - 29 - 0000 29 August 2013 Won", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Tanzania", "paragraph_text": "In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner\u2014who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury\u2014placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a \"run\" on the entities in the \"parallel\" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Italian Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Lynn Haven, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Lynn Haven is a city in Bay County, Florida, United States, north of Panama City. The population was 18,493 at the 2010 census. It has the smaller population of the two principal cities of the Panama City - Lynn Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "In which county was James Finch born?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 286093, "question": "James Finch >> place of birth", "answer": "Lynn Haven", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 361551, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Bay County", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "Bay County", "answer_aliases": ["Bay County, Florida"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2481}
{"id": "2hop__124592_402641", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Helen Vlachos", "paragraph_text": "Helen Vlachos was the daughter, and only child, of Georgios Vlachos, who founded \"Kathimerini\", one of Greece's premier newspapers, in 1919. She worked as a journalist in her father's newspaper and covered the Berlin Olympics in 1936. During World War II, her father refused to cooperate with the Nazi occupation government and closed down \"Kathimerini\". During the war she worked as a nurse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Chiang Hsiao-wu", "paragraph_text": "Chiang Hsiao-wu (; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 - July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Blood Stain Child", "paragraph_text": "Blood Stain Child (stylised as BLOOD STAIN CHILD) is a Japanese heavy metal band from the city of Osaka. The band's musical style combines melodic death metal with electronic and trance. The band formed under the name \"Visionquest\" (stylised as \"VISIONQUEST\") in 1999, but changed their name to Blood Stain Child in 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Liliana Mumy", "paragraph_text": "Her father is actor Bill Mumy. Among his many roles, her father appeared as a child in the 1961 The Twilight Zone episode ``It's a Good Life '', and Liliana appeared with her father, as his child, in the revival series' 2003 sequel episode`` It's Still a Good Life''. She currently voices Beth Tezuka, in the animated web series Bravest Warriors and Leni Loud in the Nickelodeon TV series The Loud House, and has been joined by her father on some episodes of both shows.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Shanghai 13", "paragraph_text": "Shanghai 13, also known as The Shanghai Thirteen, is a 1984 Hong Kong-Taiwanese martial arts film written and directed by Chang Cheh and starring an ensemble cast of notable film stars such as Andy Lau, Jimmy Wang Yu, Ti Lung, Chen Kuan-tai, Danny Lee, Bryan Leung, David Chiang, Chiang Sheng, Chi Kuan-chun, Chan Sing, Lu Feng and more.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Invisible Child", "paragraph_text": "Invisible Child is a 1999 American television drama film starring Rita Wilson as a mother who imagines she has three children when she has only two. Fearing his wife may be institutionalized because of her delusional disorder, her husband goes along with this charade as though it is perfectly normal. The 10-year-old daughter assists her father in facilitating the delusion. The youngest child seems to really believe that he has a sister named \"Maggie.\" They hire a nanny who initially goes along with the family's unusual situation, but she becomes concerned about the effects on the real children and reports the family to child protective services.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The New One-Armed Swordsman", "paragraph_text": "The New One-Armed Swordsman, also known as Triple Irons, is a 1971 Hong Kong \"wuxia\" film directed by Chang Cheh and produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio, starring David Chiang. Chiang replaced Jimmy Wang, the star of the two preceding films in the series, \"The One-Armed Swordsman\" and \"Return of the One-Armed Swordsman\". The film features Chang Cheh's usual brand of violent swordplay and bloody effects.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Nang Lae", "paragraph_text": "Nang Lae () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 10,312 people. The \"tambon\" has 14 villages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lucy Kennedy", "paragraph_text": "Kennedy grew up in Sandycove, Dublin, the middle child of three girls. Her father is John Kennedy who would later feature alongside his daughter as her pianist on \"The Lucy Kennedy Show\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Lina Medina", "paragraph_text": "Medina has never revealed the father of the child nor the circumstances of her impregnation. Escomel suggested that she might not actually know herself, as she \"couldn't give precise responses\". Lina's father was arrested on suspicion of child sexual abuse, but he was released due to lack of evidence and the biological father was never identified. Her son grew up healthy. He died in 1979 at the age of 40.In young adulthood, Medina worked as a secretary in the Lima clinic of Lozada, which gave her an education and helped put her son through high school. She married Ra\u00fal Jurado, who fathered her second son in 1972. As of 2002, they lived in a poor district of Lima known as \"Chicago Chico\". She refused an interview with Reuters that year, just as she had turned away many reporters in years past.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Oskar Maria Graf", "paragraph_text": "Graf was born in Berg in the Kingdom of Bavaria, situated in the picturesque landscape around Lake Starnberg near Munich. He was the ninth child of the baker Max Graf and his wife Therese (n\u00e9e Heimrath), a farmer's daughter. From 1900 on he went to the state school in Aufkirchen, in the municipality of Berg. After his father died in 1906, he learned the baker's trade and worked for his brother Max, who had taken over their father's bakery.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Boxer from Shantung", "paragraph_text": "The Boxer from Shantung is a 1972 Hong Kong kung fu film directed by Chang Cheh and Pao Hsueh-li, and starring Chen Kuan-tai, Ching Li and guest stars David Chiang.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Chiang Hsiao-chang", "paragraph_text": "Chiang Hsiao-chang (; born 1938) is the only daughter of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. Her mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. She had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. She is the only living member of Chiang Ching-kuo's legitimate children, and was the only one among the siblings who could converse in Russian with their mother.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Chiang Hsiao-wen", "paragraph_text": "Chiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 \u2013 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Loekman Hakim", "paragraph_text": "Loekman Hakim was born in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, on December 30, 1975, to Eman Sulaeman and Iis Martini. Loekman is the third child of five siblings. His father was a teacher at SMP 5 Bandung. Loekman married Rika Nurhayati and have two child.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "San Phi Suea", "paragraph_text": "San Phi Suea () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Mai District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 8,466 people. The \"tambon\" contains 9 villages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Fairly Legal", "paragraph_text": "\"Fairly Legal\" stars Sarah Shahi as Kate Reed, a young woman who changes her profession from lawyer to mediator and works at the San Francisco law firm her father started. As the series opens, Kate's father has just died, leaving his young widow Lauren in charge as Kate and the firm adjust to the loss.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Jam Hsiao (album)", "paragraph_text": "Jam Hsiao Self Titled Album () is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Jam Hsiao's () debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 16 June 2008 by Warner Music Taiwan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Doi Chiang Dao", "paragraph_text": "Doi Chiang Dao (, ), also known as Doi Luang Chiang Dao (, ), is a 2,175 m high mountain in Chiang Dao District of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. It is one of the highest peaks of the Daen Lao Range on the Thai side of the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Mae Yao", "paragraph_text": "Mae Yao () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 19,958 people. The \"tambon\" contains 18 villages.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the other child of Chian Hsiao-chang's father?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 124592, "question": "The father of Chiang Hsiao-chang was who?", "answer": "Chiang Ching-kuo", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 402641, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Chiang Hsiao-wu", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "Chiang Hsiao-wu", "answer_aliases": ["Alex Chiang"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1796}
{"id": "2hop__256553_617289", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hans Jacob Hess", "paragraph_text": "John Jacob Hess was born in Wald, Zurich, Switzerland on May 17, 1584 to Hans Heinrich Hess, a bailiff, (1534\u20131587) and Adelheid Kuntz (1546\u20131585). He had eight older full siblings: Margaretha, Christian, Matheus, Hans, Elsy, Margaretha, Heinrich, and Dorothea; five older half-siblings from his father's first two marriages: Adelheid, Barbara, Veronica, Catharina and Anna; and one younger half-brother, Hans, from his father's fourth marriage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Liu Rushi", "paragraph_text": "Liu Rushi (; 1618\u20131664), also known as Liu Shi, Liu Yin and Yang Yin, was a Chinese courtesan and poet in the late Ming dynasty who married Qian Qianyi at the age of 25. She committed suicide on the death of her husband. She famously exchanged verses with Chen Zilong, and was noted for her painting.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Banu Amela", "paragraph_text": "They trace their genealogy back to Amela bin Saba'a bin Yashjeb bin Ya'arib bin Qahtan who left Yemen after the fourth destruction of the Marib Dam around 200 B.C. They dwelled in Jordan and Syria settling the southern highlands and eastern valley of modern Lebanon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sultan bin Saud", "paragraph_text": "Sultan bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud is the son of King Saud and the grandson of King Abdulaziz the first monarch of Saudi Arabia. His mother was Munirah Al Haboot Al Mutairi. He is the brother of Prince Abdulrahman bin Saud, the godfather of Al-Nasr, and the uncle of Prince Faisal bin Abdulrahman Al Saud and Mamdoh bin Abdulrahman bin Saud, two of Al-Nasr presidents.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Liu Yin (Han Zhao)", "paragraph_text": "Liu Yin (\u5289\u80e4) (died 329), courtesy name Yisun (\u7fa9\u5b6b), was an imperial prince of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Han Zhao, who, following his father Liu Yao's capture by rival Later Zhao, tried to maintain the state with his brother, the crown prince Liu Xi, but was unsuccessful and killed by Later Zhao.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Abdullah bin Mutaib Al Saud", "paragraph_text": "Abdullah bin Mutaib bin Abdullah Al Saud (born 13 October 1984) is a Saudi show jumping rider and a member of House of Saud.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Liu Ju", "paragraph_text": "Liu Ju (; 128\u201391 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (\u885b\u592a\u5b50) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (\u623e\u592a\u5b50, literally \"the Unrepentant Crown Prince\") was a Western Han Dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and the heir apparent to his father, Emperor Wu of Han, until his death at age 38 during the political turmoil in 91 BC. Contrary to his less-than-flattering posthumous name, Liu Ju was generally regarded by historians as a well-mannered, benevolent, morally upright man who, by circumstances out of his control, was forced into an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Consort Dowager Zhao", "paragraph_text": "Very little is known about the future Consort Dowager Zhao's background. It is known that she was considered very beautiful and was favored by Liu Yan. In 920, she gave birth to his third son Liu Hongdu \u2014 who would effectively become his oldest son since Liu Hongdu's older brothers Liu Yaoshu (\u5289\u8000\u6a1e) and Liu Guitu (\u5289\u9f9c\u5716) would both die early. During Liu Yan's \"Dayou\" era (928-942), she would receive the imperial consort title \"Zhaoyi\" (\u662d\u5100).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Abdul Rahman bin Saud Al Saud", "paragraph_text": "Abdul Rahman bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (19 November 1946 \u2013 29 July 2004) was a member of Saudi royal family, House of Saud.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Liu Piguang", "paragraph_text": "Liu Piguang (; died 154 BC) was the ninth son of Liu Fei and grandson of Emperor Gaozu of Han. When Liu Ze, Prince of Qi, died without an heir in 165 BC, Emperor Wen of Han divided the Qi territory in the land among the living sons of Liu Fei. In 164, Piguang was named Prince of Jinan and received part of the former Qi land. In 154 BC, he joined the Rebellion of the Seven States initiated by Liu Pi, Prince of Wu. Piguang was defeated and killed in battle with generals Dou Ying and Zhou Yafu. His land was returned to Han and his title was abolished.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Loekman Hakim", "paragraph_text": "Loekman Hakim was born in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, on December 30, 1975, to Eman Sulaeman and Iis Martini. Loekman is the third child of five siblings. His father was a teacher at SMP 5 Bandung. Loekman married Rika Nurhayati and have two child.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Heinrich Lossow", "paragraph_text": "Heinrich Lossow's father was Arnold Hermann Lossow, a Bremen sculptor. His father moved to Munich in 1820 to study under Ernst Mayer. In Munich, Arnold Hermann Lossow married and had three children: Carl Lossow in 1835, Friedrich Lossow in 1837, and Heinrich Lossow in 1843. The three boys had an affinity for art; Carl became a historical painter, while Friedrich became a wildlife painter. Heinrich would outlive all of his siblings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Latter Deposed Emperor of Liu Song", "paragraph_text": "The Latter Deposed Emperor of Liu Song ((\u5289)\u5b8b\u5f8c\u5ee2\u5e1d, also known as Emperor Houfei) (1 March 463 \u2013 1 August 477), also known by posthumous demoted title of Prince of Cangwu (\u84bc\u68a7\u738b), personal name Liu Yu (\u5289\u6631), courtesy name Derong (\u5fb7\u878d), nickname Huizhen (\u6167\u9707), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Liu Yin (Southern Han)", "paragraph_text": "Liu Yin (\u5289\u96b1) (874 \u2013 April 4, 911), formally Prince Xiang of Nanhai (\u5357\u6d77\u8944\u738b), later further posthumously honored Emperor Xiang (\u8944\u7687\u5e1d) with the temple name of Liezong (\u70c8\u5b97) by his younger brother Liu Yan, was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Tang's succeeding dynasty Later Liang of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, who ruled Qinghai Circuit (\u6e05\u6d77, headquartered in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong) as its military governor (\"Jiedushi\"). It was on the basis of his rule that Liu Yan was later able to establish the state of Southern Han.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan", "paragraph_text": "Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u200e \u200e; born 30 April 1972) is the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Arab Emirates. He is the son of the founder of UAE, Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "The Rain (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "When a virus that is carried by rainfall wipes out almost all humans in Scandinavia, Danish siblings Simone and Rasmus take shelter in a bunker. Six years later, they emerge to search for their father, a scientist who left them in the bunker but never returned. Along the way they join a group of young survivors and together they travel across Denmark and Sweden, searching for a safe place, and for the siblings' father, who may be able to provide the answers and the cure.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Saad bin Laden", "paragraph_text": "Sa'ad bin Osama bin Muhammad bin 'Awad bin Laden (; 1979 - 2009), better known as Saad bin Laden, was one of Osama bin Laden's sons. He continued in his father's footsteps by being active in Al Qaeda, and was being groomed to be his heir apparent. He was killed in an American drone strike in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Omar bin Laden", "paragraph_text": "Omar bin Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (, \"\u02bfUmar bin \u02beUs\u0101mah bin Mu\u1e25ammad bin \u02bfAwa\u1e0d bin L\u0101din\"; born March 1, 1982), better known as Omar bin Laden, is one of the sons of Osama bin Laden and his first wife and first cousin Najwa Ghanem (see Bin Laden family). He is the fourth-eldest son among 20 children of Osama bin Laden. Older reports have described Omar and his brother Abdallah bin Laden as nephews or cousins of Osama bin Laden.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Ribal al-Assad", "paragraph_text": "Ribal al-Assad was born in Damascus, the 13th of 16 siblings. He is the son of Rifaat al-Assad and his third wife Line Al-Khayer, sister in law of the late Saudi king Abdullah bin Abdulaziz, and is thus a member of the al-Assad family. His father, Rifaat al-Assad, a younger brother of the late President Hafez Al-Assad, was a powerful security chief and commander of the Defense Companies, who was responsible for the 1982 Hama massacre. After attempting a coup d'\u00e9tat, he and his family went into exile in France, then the UK. Ribal, at the age of 9, and his family then moved to Paris, where he continued to live until the age of 16. At the age of 16, Ribal al-Assad began High School in New York and Houston, before attending university in Boston.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Abdul Rahman bin Faisal", "paragraph_text": "Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud (1845\u20131928) ( / ALA-LC: \"\u2018Abd ar Ra\u1e25man bin Fay\u1e63al\") was the last ruler of the Emirate of Nejd, Second Saudi State. He was the youngest son of Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud and the father of Ibn Saud, who founded the modern Saudi Arabia.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the uncle of Liu Bin?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 256553, "question": "Liu Bin >> father", "answer": "Liu Yan", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 617289, "question": "#1 >> sibling", "answer": "Liu Yin", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Liu Yin", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1926}
{"id": "2hop__124412_402641", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Journey 2: The Mysterious Island", "paragraph_text": "Vanessa Hudgens as Kailani Laguatan Gabato's daughter whom Sean falls in love with and who is part of the father - daughter tour guide team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jam Hsiao (album)", "paragraph_text": "Jam Hsiao Self Titled Album () is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Jam Hsiao's () debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 16 June 2008 by Warner Music Taiwan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Cheng Ch'ing-wen", "paragraph_text": "Cheng Ch'ing-wen (; September 16, 1932 \u2013 November 4, 2017) was a Taiwanese writer and a graduate of National Taiwan University. He worked at the then government-run Hua Nan Bank for forty years. His works in English are generally under the transliteration \"Cheng Ch'ing-Wen\" and that is how he is described in many English-language publications published in Taiwan. The transliteration \"Tzeng Ching-wen\" is also used.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Chiang Ching-kuo", "paragraph_text": "The son of President Chiang Kai-shek and his first wife, Mao Fumei, Chiang Ching-kuo was born in Fenghua, Zhejiang, with the courtesy name of Ji\u00e0nf\u0113ng (). He had an adopted brother, Chiang Wei-kuo. \"Ching\" literally means \"longitude\" while \"kuo\" means \"nation\"; in his brother's name, \"wei\" literally means \"parallel (of latitude)\". The names are inspired by the references in Chinese classics such as the \"Guoyu\", in which \"to draw the longitudes and latitudes of the world\" is used as a metaphor for a person with great abilities, especially in managing a country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Chiang Hsiao-wen", "paragraph_text": "Chiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 \u2013 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Color Purple", "paragraph_text": "Celie is a poor, uneducated, 14 - year - old girl living in the American South in the early 1900s. She writes letters to God because her father, Alphonso, beats her harshly and rapes her continuously. Alphonso has already impregnated Celie once, a pregnancy that resulted in the birth of a boy she called Adam. Alphonso takes the baby away shortly after his birth. Celie has a second child, a girl she called Olivia whom Alphonso also abducts. Celie's ailing mother dies after cursing Celie on her deathbed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Chiang Hsiao-wu", "paragraph_text": "Chiang Hsiao-wu (; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 - July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Barney Stinson", "paragraph_text": "Barney has three half - siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode ``The Rebound Girl ''); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one - night stand in`` Ring Up!'', and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode ``Okay Awesome ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mae Yao", "paragraph_text": "Mae Yao () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 19,958 people. The \"tambon\" contains 18 villages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Doi Chiang Dao", "paragraph_text": "Doi Chiang Dao (, ), also known as Doi Luang Chiang Dao (, ), is a 2,175 m high mountain in Chiang Dao District of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. It is one of the highest peaks of the Daen Lao Range on the Thai side of the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Loekman Hakim", "paragraph_text": "Loekman Hakim was born in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, on December 30, 1975, to Eman Sulaeman and Iis Martini. Loekman is the third child of five siblings. His father was a teacher at SMP 5 Bandung. Loekman married Rika Nurhayati and have two child.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Gregoire Boonzaier", "paragraph_text": "Gregoire Boonzaier was the fifth child of political cartoonist Dani\u00ebl Cornelis Boonzaier and his cousin Maria Elizabeth Boonzaier. Early on Gregoire made the acquaintance of the artists Pieter Wenning, Nita Spilhaus, Moses Kottler and Anton van Wouw, all of whom were close family friends.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Bo Yikao", "paragraph_text": "Bo Yikao was the eldest son of King Wen of Zhou and the elder brother of King Wu who was the founder of the Zhou dynasty of ancient China.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Sun Moon Lake Wen Wu Temple", "paragraph_text": "The Sun Moon Lake Wen Wu Temple () is a Wen Wu temple located on the perimeter of Sun Moon Lake in Yuchi Township, Nantou County, Taiwan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Nang Lae", "paragraph_text": "Nang Lae () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 10,312 people. The \"tambon\" has 14 villages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "San Phi Suea", "paragraph_text": "San Phi Suea () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Mai District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 8,466 people. The \"tambon\" contains 9 villages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Malcolm Shabazz", "paragraph_text": "Malcolm Shabazz was born in Paris on October 8, 1984. His father, L. A. Bouasba, was an Algerian Muslim whom Qubilah Shabazz met there. According to Malcolm, he never met his father. Other sources say Malcolm knew his father, but they had little contact with one another.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The Miracle Child", "paragraph_text": "The Miracle Child (French: L'enfant du miracle) is a 1932 French science fiction film based on a play of the same name by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault. The plot of the film centers around a widow named Blanche Montel who endeavours to find a man with whom to produce a child so that she can pretend that the child was her late husband's and so inherit a fortune. In a scene which has been cited as particularly humorous, a few characters interrupt a Spiritualist s\u00e9ance and are subsequently believed to be ghosts. Ginette Leclerc's minor role in \"The Miracle Child\" was one of her first acting roles in a long and successful career.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "In the Heat of the Sun", "paragraph_text": "In the Heat of the Sun is a 1994 Chinese film directed and written by Jiang Wen. This was Jiang Wen's first foray into directing after years as a leading man. The film is based loosely on author Wang Shuo's novel \"Wild Beast\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Xiao Shuxian", "paragraph_text": "Xiao Shuxian (Simplified Chinese: \u8427\u6dd1\u5a34; Traditional Chinese: \u856d\u6dd1\u5afb; Pinyin: Xi\u0101o Sh\u00faxi\u00e1n; sometimes spelled Hsiao Shu-sien) (4 April 1905 in Tianjin \u2013 26 November 1991 in Beijing) was a Chinese composer and music educator.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the child of Chiang Hsiao-wen's father?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 124412, "question": "The father of Chiang Hsiao-wen is whom?", "answer": "Chiang Ching-kuo", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 402641, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Chiang Hsiao-wu", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}], "answer": "Chiang Hsiao-wu", "answer_aliases": ["Alex Chiang"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1643}
{"id": "2hop__706637_93362", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge", "paragraph_text": "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge was filmed in several 5 -, 10 - and 20 - day schedules between September 1994 and August 1995. The first sequence filmed was for the song ``Ho Gaya Hai Tujhko ''with Kajol and Shah Rukh in Switzerland. The European journey scenes and songs were mainly filmed in Saanen, Montbovon and Gstaad, Switzerland. Other scenes were shot in England, at locations including Trafalgar Square, King's Cross railway station and Angel Underground station. Film's cinematographer Manmohan Singh, a regular collaborator with Chopra, shot the song`` Tujhe Dekha To'', including the iconic mustard fields scenes with Shah Rukh and Kajol in the mustard fields in Gurgaon on the outskirts of the National Capital Region Delhi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau", "paragraph_text": "Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau (Antwerp, 17 September 1580 \u2013 Ch\u00e2teau-Renard, August 1631) was the fifth daughter of William the Silent and his third spouse, Charlotte of Bourbon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mrityudand", "paragraph_text": "The film is a commentary on the social and the gender injustice. As in his other movies, filmmaker Prakash Jha has focussed on the social problems that plague his native state of Bihar, India, and like his other movies this one straddles the boundary between art film and commercial film. The film also boasted of some semi-classical music, tuned by Anand-Milind and Raghunath Seth and worded by Javed Akhtar. The film was critically acclaimed and is considered to be one of Madhuri Dixit's best performances.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Donika Kastrioti", "paragraph_text": "Donika Kastrioti (n\u00e9e Andronika Arianiti-Muzaka) was an Albanian noblewoman and the spouse of George Kastrioti Skanderbeg. She was the daughter of Gjergj Arianiti, one of the greatest leaders in the Albanian war against the Ottoman Empire for more than two decades.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "U Me Aur Hum", "paragraph_text": "U Me Aur Hum (\"You, Me and Us\") is a 2008 Indian romantic drama film produced and directed by Ajay Devgan under Ajay Devgan Films and Eros International. The film, Devgan's first as a director, stars him alongside his wife Kajol in their seventh film together. Karan Khanna, Isha Sharvani, Sumeet Raghavan and Divya Dutta also star in the film. Written by Devgan himself and three other writers, the film was released on 11 April 2008 in around 450 cinemas (with 150 of them being digital screens). The film is plagiarized from the similar 2004 film, \"The Notebook\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Anil Devgan", "paragraph_text": "Anil Devgan is the son of Veeru Devgan, brother of actor Ajay Devgan, and brother-in-law of actress Kajol. Anil Devgan has also tried his hand with directing, and has directed his brother in two of his films: Raju Chacha and Blackmail (2005 film).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pyar Ka Devta", "paragraph_text": "Pyar Ka Devta () is a 1991 Hindi language Indian film directed by Kovelamudi Bapayya, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Madhuri Dixit, and Nirupa Roy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.", "paragraph_text": "The case reached the U.S. Supreme Court in 1948; their verdict went against the movie studios, forcing all of them to divest themselves of their movie theater chains. This, coupled with the advent of television and the attendant drop in movie ticket sales, brought about a severe slump in the movie business, a slump that would not be reversed until 1972, with the release of The Godfather, the first modern blockbuster.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa", "paragraph_text": "Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa (1497 \u2013 31 December 1536), also called \"Margareta Vasa\" and \"Margareta of Hoya\", was a Swedish noblewoman, sister of king Gustav I of Sweden. Between 1525 and 1534, she commanded Vyborg Castle on several occasions during the absence of her spouse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "List of 24 characters", "paragraph_text": "Teri Bauer 24 character Leslie Hope as Teri Bauer First appearance Day 1 -- Episode 1 Last appearance Day 1 -- Episode 24 Portrayed by Leslie Hope Days Information Spouse (s) Jack Bauer Children Kim Bauer", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge", "paragraph_text": "Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge () is a 2011 Indian Hindi romantic comedy film directed by Nupur Asthana, starring debutant actors in the lead roles. The film is the second production of Y-Films, a subsidiary of Yash Raj Films. It released on 14 October 2011. It also marked the debut of Indian folk rocker Raghu Dixit in Bollywood. The film is inspired by the 2001 Telugu movie Anandam and the popular social networking site Facebook. It was declared as a hit at the Indian box office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Olivia Mariamne Devenish", "paragraph_text": "Olivia Mariamne Devenish (16 February 1771 \u2013 26 November 1814), was the spouse of Thomas Stamford Raffles, vice governor of Java (1811\u20131816), from 1805 to 1814. A memorial monument was erected to her memory in the botanical garden of Buitenzorg (Bogor).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke", "paragraph_text": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke Directed by Deepak Shivdasani Produced by Deepak Shivdasani Pradeep Sadarangani Written by Kader Khan, Robin Bhatt, K.V. Shankar (dialogues) Screenplay by Robin Bhatt, Akash Khurana, Umanand Singh Story by Deepak Shivadasani Starring Madhuri Dixit Ajay Devgn Preity Zinta Music by Sanjeev Darshan Cinematography Rajan Kinagi Edited by Shirish Kunder Distributed by Tips Industries Release date 10 August 2001 Language Hindi", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Femina Miss India 2018", "paragraph_text": "Femina Miss India 2018 Date 19 June 2018 Presenters Karan Johar & Ayushmann Khurrana Entertainment Madhuri Dixit, Kareena Kapoor & Jacqueline Fernandez Venue DOME, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium, Mumbai Entrants 30 Placements 12 Winner Anukreethy Vas Tamil Nadu \u2190 2017 2019 \u2192", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Mok Kwai-lan", "paragraph_text": "Mok Kwai-lan (; October 15, 1892 \u2013 November 3, 1982) was the fourth spouse of Lingnan martial arts grandmaster Wong Fei-hung.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega", "paragraph_text": "Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega (English: \"Every Heart That Loves\") is a 2000 Indian Hindi romance film directed by Raj Kanwar. The film stars Salman Khan, Rani Mukerji, Preity Zinta, and with a special appearance by Shah Rukh Khan. It was highly praised by the critics and was the third hit in a row by Salman Khan-Sajid Nadiadwala (producer) collaboration It became the fourth highest grosser of the year. The film is a remake of 1997 Malayalam film Chandralekha starring Mohanlal and the plot also has some minor elements loosely based on the film \"While You Were Sleeping\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Nachavule", "paragraph_text": "Nachavule () is a 2008 Telugu film directed by Ravi Babu and produced by Ramoji Rao. The film was the debut for the stars Tanish and Maadhavi Latha. The film is a teenage romantic comedy. It was released on 19 December, 2008. It won three Nandi Awards, for Best Supporting Actress (Rani), Best Female Playback Singer (Geetha Madhuri) and Best Female Dubbing Artist (R Haritha).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi", "paragraph_text": "Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi is an Indian Bollywood comedy movie, directed by Rahat Kazmi, starring Jennifer Winget, Vinod Dixit, Pawan Malhotra, Saurabh Shukla, Mukesh Tiwari, Dev Singh and Gagandeep Singh. It is going to release in Dec 2013.The shooting of the film completed in 2012. The climax scene was shot in August 2012 in Russian Villa in Malad west. 'Love Kiya Aur Lagg Gayi' is made under the banner of Shreeram Entertainment house and produced by Harish Sharma.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Enoch Arden law", "paragraph_text": "The Enoch Arden law is a legal precedent in the United States that grants a divorce or a legal exemption so that a person can remarry, if his or her spouse has been absent without explanation for a certain number of years, typically seven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Dil Kya Kare", "paragraph_text": "Dil Kya Kare (English: \"What Should The Heart Do?\") is a 1999 Indian drama film, directed by Prakash Jha and produced by Veeru Devgan and Veena Devgan. The film stars Ajay Devgn, Mahima Chaudhry, Kajol and Chandrachur Singh in lead roles.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the movie starring Preity Zinta, Madhuri Dixit and the spouse of Kajol?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 706637, "question": "Kajol >> spouse", "answer": "Ajay Devgan", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 93362, "question": "#1 preity zinta and madhuri dixit movie", "answer": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1781}
{"id": "2hop__780652_93362", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mrityudand", "paragraph_text": "The film is a commentary on the social and the gender injustice. As in his other movies, filmmaker Prakash Jha has focussed on the social problems that plague his native state of Bihar, India, and like his other movies this one straddles the boundary between art film and commercial film. The film also boasted of some semi-classical music, tuned by Anand-Milind and Raghunath Seth and worded by Javed Akhtar. The film was critically acclaimed and is considered to be one of Madhuri Dixit's best performances.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi", "paragraph_text": "Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi is an Indian Bollywood comedy movie, directed by Rahat Kazmi, starring Jennifer Winget, Vinod Dixit, Pawan Malhotra, Saurabh Shukla, Mukesh Tiwari, Dev Singh and Gagandeep Singh. It is going to release in Dec 2013.The shooting of the film completed in 2012. The climax scene was shot in August 2012 in Russian Villa in Malad west. 'Love Kiya Aur Lagg Gayi' is made under the banner of Shreeram Entertainment house and produced by Harish Sharma.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Parched", "paragraph_text": "Parched is a 2015 Indian drama film written and directed by Leena Yadav and produced by Ajay Devgan under his banner Ajay Devgn FFilms. It premiered at the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. In India, the film released on 23 September 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Injakkadan Mathai & Sons", "paragraph_text": "Injakkadan Mathai & Sons is a 1993 Malayalam film written by Kaloor Dennis and directed by Anil Babu, starring Suresh Gopi, Jagadish, Innocent, and Urvashi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Shaili Chopra", "paragraph_text": "Shaili Chopra was born in Jalandhar on 21 July 1981 in Punjab to Anil and Suman. Anil Chopra is a retired fighter pilot from Indian Air Force. In 1998, Chopra finished her schooling from Air Force Golden Jubilee Institute, New Delhi. Chopra finished her master's degree in Broadcast and Television from 2002 batch, The Asian College of Journalism, Chennai. She trained in broadcast with the BBC at journalism school. She has worked at CNBC, NDTV and ETNOW.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Rakhwale", "paragraph_text": "Rakhwale is a 1994 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Sudharshan Lal, starring Aatish Devgan, Yogeeta Singh and Harsha. The film has all-cast Dharmendra, Mithun Chakraborty, Govinda and Raj Babbar in special appearances.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jai Jawan Jai Makan", "paragraph_text": "Jai Jawan Jai Makan is a 1971 Bollywood drama film directed by Vishram Bedekar. The film stars Jaya Badhuri and Anil Dhawan .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Aagadu", "paragraph_text": "Aagadu () is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film directed by Srinu Vaitla. Written by Anil Ravipudi, Upendra Madhav and Praveen Varma, the film was jointly produced by Ram Achanta, Gopi Achanta, and Anil Sunkara under their banner 14 Reels Entertainment. It features Mahesh Babu and Tamannaah in the lead roles and Rajendra Prasad, Sonu Sood, Brahmanandam, and M. S. Narayana in supporting roles. Shruti Haasan made a special appearance in the film by performing an item number.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke", "paragraph_text": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke Directed by Deepak Shivdasani Produced by Deepak Shivdasani Pradeep Sadarangani Written by Kader Khan, Robin Bhatt, K.V. Shankar (dialogues) Screenplay by Robin Bhatt, Akash Khurana, Umanand Singh Story by Deepak Shivadasani Starring Madhuri Dixit Ajay Devgn Preity Zinta Music by Sanjeev Darshan Cinematography Rajan Kinagi Edited by Shirish Kunder Distributed by Tips Industries Release date 10 August 2001 Language Hindi", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Anil Devgan", "paragraph_text": "Anil Devgan is the son of Veeru Devgan, brother of actor Ajay Devgan, and brother-in-law of actress Kajol. Anil Devgan has also tried his hand with directing, and has directed his brother in two of his films: Raju Chacha and Blackmail (2005 film).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Dil Kya Kare", "paragraph_text": "Dil Kya Kare (English: \"What Should The Heart Do?\") is a 1999 Indian drama film, directed by Prakash Jha and produced by Veeru Devgan and Veena Devgan. The film stars Ajay Devgn, Mahima Chaudhry, Kajol and Chandrachur Singh in lead roles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Pandaga Chesko", "paragraph_text": "Panduga Chesko () is a 2015 Telugu family comedy-drama film directed by Gopichand Malineni and produced by Paruchuri Kireeti on the United Movies banner. The film features Ram, Rakul Preet Singh and Sonal Chauhan in the lead roles and Brahmanandam, Sai Kumar in other important roles. The story was penned by Veligonda Srinivas and the screenplay was provided by Kona Venkat and Anil Ravipudi, with the former writing the dialogue. S. Thaman composed the music while Arthur A. Wilson and Gautham Raju handled the cinematography and editing of the film respectively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Anil B. Divan", "paragraph_text": "Anil B. Divan (born 15 May 1930 - 20 March 2017) was a senior advocate in India. He has been described as an eminent constitutional expert.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "List of bowlers who have taken 300 or more wickets in Test cricket", "paragraph_text": "Kumble, Anil Anil Kumble India 132! 132 236! 236 40850! 40,850 18355! 18,355 619! 619 2965! 29.65 0269! 2.69 0659! 65.9 10126! 10 / 74 14151! 14 / 149 035! 35 008! 8 1990 -- 2008", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge", "paragraph_text": "Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge () is a 2011 Indian Hindi romantic comedy film directed by Nupur Asthana, starring debutant actors in the lead roles. The film is the second production of Y-Films, a subsidiary of Yash Raj Films. It released on 14 October 2011. It also marked the debut of Indian folk rocker Raghu Dixit in Bollywood. The film is inspired by the 2001 Telugu movie Anandam and the popular social networking site Facebook. It was declared as a hit at the Indian box office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Singh Saab the Great", "paragraph_text": "\"The Times of India\" gave movie 3/5 stars, stating \"Like all films that talk of reforming society, Anil Sharma's \"Singh Saab the Great\" has its heart in the correct place. Sunny Deol's earnestness shines, throughout the duration of this melodrama\". Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave a 3.5/5 star rating and wrote \"\"Singh Saab the Great\" is a typical Sunny Deol film that a section of the audience still enjoys. The clapworthy dialogue, the raw appeal, the undercurrent of emotions and of course, the \"dhaai kilo ka haath\" should appeal to those who relish \"desi\" fares, especially the single screen audience\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Femina Miss India 2018", "paragraph_text": "Femina Miss India 2018 Date 19 June 2018 Presenters Karan Johar & Ayushmann Khurrana Entertainment Madhuri Dixit, Kareena Kapoor & Jacqueline Fernandez Venue DOME, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium, Mumbai Entrants 30 Placements 12 Winner Anukreethy Vas Tamil Nadu \u2190 2017 2019 \u2192", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Natalie Horler", "paragraph_text": "Natalie Horler was born in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany to British parents who had moved to Germany in 1980. Her father, David Horler, is a jazz musician and her mother, Christine, is a foreign languages teacher. Horler grew up with her 2 siblings. Natalie soon began singing jazz songs in her father's studio as well as songs from Disney movies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Pyar Ka Devta", "paragraph_text": "Pyar Ka Devta () is a 1991 Hindi language Indian film directed by Kovelamudi Bapayya, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Madhuri Dixit, and Nirupa Roy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Karwat", "paragraph_text": "Karwat is a 1982 Bollywood action film directed by Anil Ganguly, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Rakesh Roshan, Bindiya Goswami and Zarina Wahab .", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What film features Anil Devgan's sibling?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 780652, "question": "Anil Devgan >> sibling", "answer": "Ajay Devgan", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}, {"id": 93362, "question": "#1 preity zinta and madhuri dixit movie", "answer": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1714}
{"id": "2hop__771727_93362", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "George Coe", "paragraph_text": "George Coe (May 10, 1929 -- July 18, 2015) was an American stage, film and television actor and voice artist. He did voice - over work in video games, movies and TV shows. He was a cast member for the first season of Saturday Night Live and voiced Woodhouse in Archer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Nalla", "paragraph_text": "Nalla is a 2004 Kannada romance-drama film directed by V. Nagendra Prasad featuring Sudeep and Sangeetha in the lead roles. The film features background score and soundtrack composed by Venkat Narayan and lyrics by V. Nagendra Prasad. The film released on 12 November 2004. This movie was dubbed in Hindi as \"Aur Ek Diljala\" This is a remake of 1982 Tamil movie \"Moondram Pirai\" which itself was loosely based on \"City Lights\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pyar Ka Devta", "paragraph_text": "Pyar Ka Devta () is a 1991 Hindi language Indian film directed by Kovelamudi Bapayya, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Madhuri Dixit, and Nirupa Roy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mrityudand", "paragraph_text": "The film is a commentary on the social and the gender injustice. As in his other movies, filmmaker Prakash Jha has focussed on the social problems that plague his native state of Bihar, India, and like his other movies this one straddles the boundary between art film and commercial film. The film also boasted of some semi-classical music, tuned by Anand-Milind and Raghunath Seth and worded by Javed Akhtar. The film was critically acclaimed and is considered to be one of Madhuri Dixit's best performances.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mohsin Khan (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Mohsin Khan is an Indian television actor and assistant director. He was the second assistant director in the movie Koyelaanchal. Khan made his television debut with Star Plus' show Nisha Aur Uske Cousins. He worked as the main lead Samar Sareen in Life OK's show Dream Girl. He is currently playing the lead, Kartik Goenka, in Star Plus' daily soap Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ru\u00f8ya", "paragraph_text": "Ru\u00f8ya is an island in Aure Municipality in M\u00f8re og Romsdal county, Norway. It is connected to the village of Aure on the mainland to the east by the Aursund Bridge and to the island of Rott\u00f8ya to the south by the Smalsund Bridge. The large island of Ertv\u00e5gs\u00f8ya lies to the west.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Aadmi Aur Aurat", "paragraph_text": "Aadmi Aur Aurat (English title - Man and Woman) is 1984 Hindi language Telefilm directed by Tapan Sinha and starring Amol Palekar, Mahua Roy Chawdhary, Kalyan Chatterjee, Nirmal Ghosh, Parimal Sengupta, Sudhir K. Singh, Dipak Sanyal, Sameer Mukharjee. The movie was telecast on Doordarshan, Government owned TV Channel of India. This film was screened in International Film Festival of India-2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "All I Want Is You (U2 song)", "paragraph_text": "``All I Want Is You ''is the final song on U2's 1988 album, Rattle and Hum, and was released on 13 June 1989 as the album's fourth and final single. It is the closing song from the film, Rattle and Hum. String arrangements on the song are by Van Dyke Parks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Beethoven (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Beethoven is an American animated television series loosely based on the 1992 motion picture of the same name. The series was produced by Northern Lights Entertainment, Universal Cartoon Studios and Universal Television, and aired for one season (1994\u20131995) on CBS, with 26 fifteen-minute episodes produced. Dean Jones, who played Dr. Varnick in the movie, voiced the role of George Newton; Nicholle Tom, who played teenage daughter Ryce in the movie and Beethoven's 2nd, was the only cast member from the films to reprise her role in the series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hum Ho Gaye Aapke", "paragraph_text": "Hum Ho Gaye Aapke is a 2001 Bollywood film, directed by Agathiyan and stars Fardeen Khan and Reema Sen in the lead roles. The film is known to be the Bollywood debut of Reema Sen. It was released on 13 August 2001. It is a remake of Tamil movie \"Gokulathil Seethai\" (1996).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge", "paragraph_text": "Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge () is a 2011 Indian Hindi romantic comedy film directed by Nupur Asthana, starring debutant actors in the lead roles. The film is the second production of Y-Films, a subsidiary of Yash Raj Films. It released on 14 October 2011. It also marked the debut of Indian folk rocker Raghu Dixit in Bollywood. The film is inspired by the 2001 Telugu movie Anandam and the popular social networking site Facebook. It was declared as a hit at the Indian box office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "For Hope", "paragraph_text": "For Hope is a 1996 ABC TV movie starring Dana Delany and directed by Bob Saget. Based on Saget's sister Gay, the movie showed the experience of a young woman fatally afflicted with the disease scleroderma. Other cast members included Tracy Nelson and Chris Demetral.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega", "paragraph_text": "Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega (English: \"Every Heart That Loves\") is a 2000 Indian Hindi romance film directed by Raj Kanwar. The film stars Salman Khan, Rani Mukerji, Preity Zinta, and with a special appearance by Shah Rukh Khan. It was highly praised by the critics and was the third hit in a row by Salman Khan-Sajid Nadiadwala (producer) collaboration It became the fourth highest grosser of the year. The film is a remake of 1997 Malayalam film Chandralekha starring Mohanlal and the plot also has some minor elements loosely based on the film \"While You Were Sleeping\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke", "paragraph_text": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke Directed by Deepak Shivdasani Produced by Deepak Shivdasani Pradeep Sadarangani Written by Kader Khan, Robin Bhatt, K.V. Shankar (dialogues) Screenplay by Robin Bhatt, Akash Khurana, Umanand Singh Story by Deepak Shivadasani Starring Madhuri Dixit Ajay Devgn Preity Zinta Music by Sanjeev Darshan Cinematography Rajan Kinagi Edited by Shirish Kunder Distributed by Tips Industries Release date 10 August 2001 Language Hindi", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Krishna Aur Kans", "paragraph_text": "Krishna Aur Kans () is a 2012 Hindi Flash-animated film produced and distributed by Reliance Entertainment. It was directed by Vikram Veturi. It was tax free in six states at the time of his release and released in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and English. A new mobile game was also launched on the occasion of Janmashtami after being inspired from film. It was the widest ever released animation movie in India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi", "paragraph_text": "Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi is an Indian Bollywood comedy movie, directed by Rahat Kazmi, starring Jennifer Winget, Vinod Dixit, Pawan Malhotra, Saurabh Shukla, Mukesh Tiwari, Dev Singh and Gagandeep Singh. It is going to release in Dec 2013.The shooting of the film completed in 2012. The climax scene was shot in August 2012 in Russian Villa in Malad west. 'Love Kiya Aur Lagg Gayi' is made under the banner of Shreeram Entertainment house and produced by Harish Sharma.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Eka Peksha Ek", "paragraph_text": "Eka Peksha Ek (Devnagari: '\u090f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0915' ) is a 1990 Action, comedy, Mystery Marathi film directed by Sachin released in India in 1990. The movie stars Lakshmikant Berde as deaf and Sachin as blind. The movie is adapted from Arthur Hiller's 1989 American comedy film \"See No Evil, Hear No Evil\" which was also the inspiration for Hindi movies \"Hum Hain Kamaal Ke\" and \"Pyare Mohan\" , Tamil movie \"Andipatti Arasampatti\" and Kannada movies \"Akka Pakka\" and \"Baduku Jataka Bandi\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "U Me Aur Hum", "paragraph_text": "U Me Aur Hum (\"You, Me and Us\") is a 2008 Indian romantic drama film produced and directed by Ajay Devgan under Ajay Devgan Films and Eros International. The film, Devgan's first as a director, stars him alongside his wife Kajol in their seventh film together. Karan Khanna, Isha Sharvani, Sumeet Raghavan and Divya Dutta also star in the film. Written by Devgan himself and three other writers, the film was released on 11 April 2008 in around 450 cinemas (with 150 of them being digital screens). The film is plagiarized from the similar 2004 film, \"The Notebook\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Diya Aur Toofan (1995 film)", "paragraph_text": "Diya Aur Toofan is a 1995 Hindi language Indian feature film directed by K. Bapaiah, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Madhoo, Suresh Oberoi, Mohnish Bahl and Kader Khan. This film is a remake of the 1979 Kannada movie \"Seetharamu\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Femina Miss India 2018", "paragraph_text": "Femina Miss India 2018 Date 19 June 2018 Presenters Karan Johar & Ayushmann Khurrana Entertainment Madhuri Dixit, Kareena Kapoor & Jacqueline Fernandez Venue DOME, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium, Mumbai Entrants 30 Placements 12 Winner Anukreethy Vas Tamil Nadu \u2190 2017 2019 \u2192", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What preity zinta and madhuri dixit movie had a cast member from U Me Aur Hum ?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 771727, "question": "U Me Aur Hum >> cast member", "answer": "Ajay Devgan", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 93362, "question": "#1 preity zinta and madhuri dixit movie", "answer": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1953}
{"id": "2hop__499003_853511", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Benny Golson's New York Scene", "paragraph_text": "Benny Golson's New York Scene is the debut album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in late 1957 and originally released on the Contemporary label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "It's What's Happenin'", "paragraph_text": "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jazz Contemporary", "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Main Attraction (album)", "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Groovin' with Golson", "paragraph_text": "Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pythons (album)", "paragraph_text": "Pythons is the second studio album by indie rock band Surfer Blood. It was released in June 2013 under Sire Records and produced by Gil Norton. Following the release of their EP, \"Tarot Classics\", Surfer Blood had been writing songs whilst on tour. The first song to be written for the album is technically \"Prom Song\", as they have had the guitar parts for this song for a few years now. The album features all the qualities that define Surfer Blood's sound, but is stripped of its reverb and given a more polished production, as opposed to the production that took place in front-man John Paul Pitts' apartment. \"Pixies\" guitarist Joey Santiago lent the band equipment such as amplifiers and guitars during the album's production, as Norton is a close friend of his because he produced most of the Pixies discography.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Soundsigns", "paragraph_text": "Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Three for Shepp", "paragraph_text": "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Waterfalls (album)", "paragraph_text": "Waterfalls is a live album by American saxophonist and composer John Klemmer featuring studio enhanced live performances recorded in Los Angeles for the Impulse! label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Foolin' Myself", "paragraph_text": "Foolin' Myself is an album of trio performances by the American jazz pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1988 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "At the Village Vanguard", "paragraph_text": "At the Village Vanguard (subtitled You Took the Words Right Out of My Heart) is a live album by jazz drummer Paul Motian recorded at the Village Vanguard and originally released on the German JMT label. Recorded in 1995 it features performances by Motian with Bill Frisell and Joe Lovano. The album was rereleased on the Winter & Winter label in 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Thinking of Home", "paragraph_text": "Thinking of Home is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley recorded on July 31, 1970 but not released by the Blue Note label until 1980. It features performances by Mobley with Woody Shaw, Cedar Walton, Eddie Diehl, Mickey Bass, and Leroy Williams and was Mobley's final recordings for Blue Note, and his 26th album on the label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Opus de Jazz", "paragraph_text": "Opus de Jazz (subtitled A Hi-Fi Recording for Flute, Vibes, Piano, Bass, Drums) is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1955 and released on the Savoy label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm", "paragraph_text": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth", "paragraph_text": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Plenty, Plenty Soul", "paragraph_text": "Plenty, Plenty Soul is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1957 and released on the Atlantic label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Tijuana Jazz", "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Tarot Classics", "paragraph_text": "Tarot Classics is an EP by Florida-based indie rock band Surfer Blood released on October 25, 2011 on Kanine Records. It is their last release for Kanine.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)", "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The Jazz Skyline", "paragraph_text": "The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the record label for the band which performed Pythons?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 499003, "question": "Pythons >> performer", "answer": "Surfer Blood", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 853511, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Kanine Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Kanine Records", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 980}
{"id": "2hop__822965_165304", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Counting Cars", "paragraph_text": "Counting Cars is an American reality television series, shown on History, and produced by Leftfield Pictures. The series, which is the third spinoff of Pawn Stars, is filmed in Las Vegas, Nevada, where it chronicles the daily activities at Count's Kustoms, an automobile restoration and customization company owned and operated by Danny Koker, who previously appeared as a recurring expert on Pawn Stars. In a format similar to another Pawn Stars spinoff, American Restoration, the series follows Koker and his staff as they restore and modify classic automobiles and motorcycles. Counting Cars debuted on August 13, 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ex on the Beach (British series 7)", "paragraph_text": "The seventh series of Ex on the Beach, a British television programme is expected to begin on 20 June 2017 on MTV. The series was confirmed on 26 February 2017. The group of cast for this series include Geordie Shore stars Chloe Ferry and Marty McKenna, Love Island contestants Max Morley and Josh Ritchie, as well as Beauty School Cop Outs cast member Savannah Kemplay. Star of series five David Hawley also featured in this series. Marty and Josh had also previously appeared in the third and sixth series of the show respectively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Frances Bean Cobain", "paragraph_text": "Frances Bean Cobain (born August 18, 1992) is an American visual artist and model. She is the only child of Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain and Hole frontwoman Courtney Love.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Richard Keith (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Keith Thibodeaux (born December 1, 1950) is a former American child actor of television and film and a musician, best known for playing Little Ricky on the television sitcoms I Love Lucy and The Lucy - Desi Comedy Hour. His last name, which was Cajun French, was changed by producer Desi Arnaz to ``Keith ''because`` Thibodeaux'' was too difficult to pronounce. He is the last living regular appearing cast member from I Love Lucy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)", "paragraph_text": "In Rococo - era France, an enchantress disguised as a beggar arrives at a ball and offers the host, a coldhearted prince, a rose for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him into a beast and his servants into household objects, and erases the castle from the memories of their loved ones. She casts a spell on the rose and warns the prince that the curse will never lift unless he learns to love another, and earn their love in return, before the last petal falls.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Love in Pawn", "paragraph_text": "Love in Pawn is a 1953 British comedy film directed by Charles Saunders and starring Bernard Braden and Barbara Kelly.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Colleen Ballinger", "paragraph_text": "Ballinger then purchased a new home in Encino, California. Ballinger met actor Erik Stocklin in 2016 when she cast him to play Miranda's love interest in Haters Back Off. The couple began dating by early 2018 and confirmed the relationship publicly in June 2018. Later the same month, Ballinger announced that she and Stocklin are engaged and expecting their first child.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Christopher Masterson", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tim Credeur", "paragraph_text": "Timothy Wallace Credeur II (born July 9, 1977) is a retired American mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's \"The Ultimate Fighter 7\" and was defeated by fellow cast member Jesse Taylor in the semi-finals. He was then brought back into the competition following the disqualification of Taylor. He fought C.B. Dollaway for a spot in the finals and lost to Dollaway via decision.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ex on the Beach (British TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The seventh series of the show began on 20 June 2017. This series was filmed on location on the island of Bali in Indonesia. The series was confirmed on 26 February 2017. The cast members for the series were confirmed on 23 May 2017 which include Geordie Shore stars Chloe Ferry and Marty McKenna, Love Island contestants Max Morley and Josh Ritchie, as well as Beauty School Cop Outs cast member Savannah Kemplay. Marty and Josh had previously appeared in the third and sixth series of the show respectively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "List of Ghost Whisperer characters", "paragraph_text": "Jim Clancy, played by David Conrad is Melinda's (Jennifer Love Hewitt) husband. He is the only cast member other than Hewitt to appear in every episode.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "List of The Young and the Restless cast members", "paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "B-And-B", "paragraph_text": "B-And-B was a British sitcom starring Bernard Braden, his wife Barbara Kelly and their daughter Kim Braden. It was written by Michael Pertwee, and aired for a pilot and one series in 1968.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Don't Wanna Fall in Love", "paragraph_text": "``Do n't Wanna Fall in Love ''Single by Jane Child from the album Jane Child Released February 10, 1990 (USA) April 11, 1990 (UK) Format CD single Recorded 1988 - 1989 Genre R&B, synthpop, new jack swing Length 4: 07 Label Warner Bros. Songwriter (s) Jane Child Producer (s) Jane Child Jane Child singles chronology`` Welcome to the Real World'' (1990) ``Do n't Wanna Fall in Love ''(1990)`` Welcome to the Real World (reissue)'' (1990) ``Welcome to the Real World ''(1990)`` Do n't Wanna Fall in Love'' (1990) ``Welcome to the Real World (reissue) ''(1990)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Basketball Wives LA", "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Saturday Night Live (season 5)", "paragraph_text": "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Promises Written in Water", "paragraph_text": "Promises Written in Water is a 2010 drama film written, directed, edited, and produced by Vincent Gallo. The cast includes Vincent Gallo, Delfine Bafort, Sage Stallone, Lisa Love and Hope Tomaselli.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "I Love Hong Kong 2012", "paragraph_text": "I Love Hong Kong 2012 is a Hong Kong comedy film produced by Eric Tsang and directed by Chung Shu Kai and Chin Kwok Wai. Film stars an ensemble cast of Tsang, Teresa Mo, Bosco Wong, Denise Ho, Stanley Fung, Siu Yam-yam, William So, Mak Cheung-ching, 6 Wing, Vivian Zhang and guest stars a star-studded cast of Hong Kong stars. This film is a sequel of the 2011 film \"I Love Hong Kong\" with a different storyline but similar theme.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Strange Planet", "paragraph_text": "Strange Planet is a 1999 Australian comedy directed by Emma-Kate Croghan and starring Claudia Karvan. It was Croghan's follow up to \"Love and Other Catastrophes\" and used many of the same cast and crew.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes", "paragraph_text": "It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khlo\u00e9's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khlo\u00e9. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the child of the actor who is a cast member of Love in Pawn?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 822965, "question": "Love in Pawn >> cast member", "answer": "Bernard Braden", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 165304, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Kim Braden", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "Kim Braden", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1889}
{"id": "2hop__156085_436709", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Swarovski", "paragraph_text": "Swarovski's figurines are collectible, with a stylized mouse being the very first figurine created. A smaller version of this mouse, now labeled the \"replica mouse\", is still sold.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mickey's Revue", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Revue is a 1932 Walt Disney cartoon, directed by Wilfred Jackson, which features Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Horace Horsecollar and Clarabelle Cow performing a song and dance show.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh - O - Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. ``Mortimer Mouse ''had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim, however, has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse's development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse First appearance Steamboat Willie November 18, 1928 Created by Walt Disney Ub Iwerks Voiced by Walt Disney (1928 -- 1966) Carl W. Stalling (1929) Clarence Nash (1934) Jimmy MacDonald (1947 -- 1977) Wayne Allwine (1977 -- 2009) Les Perkins (1986 -- 1987) Bret Iwan (2009 -- present) Chris Diamantopoulos (2013 -- present) (see voice actors) Developed by Floyd Gottfredson Les Clark Fred Moore Information Full name Michael Mouse Aliases Bob Cratchit King Mickey Mickey (Wizards of Mickey) Species Mouse Gender Male Occupation Detective (MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine) Family Mickey Mouse family Significant other (s) Minnie Mouse Pet dog Pluto", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable characters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Roger Carel", "paragraph_text": "Roger Carel (born Roger Bancharel; 14 August 1927) is a French actor and voice talent, known for his recurring film roles as Asterix, the French voice of \"Star Wars'\" C-3PO, and the French voice of Winnie-the-Pooh, Piglet, and Rabbit in Winnie the Pooh. He is also dubbing David Suchet as Hercule Poirot in Agatha Christie's Poirot. He also voiced Wally Gator, Mickey Mouse, Yogi Bear, Kermit the Frog, Heathcliff, Foghorn Leghorn, ALF and many other famous characters in French. He was born in Paris, France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Copyright Term Extension Act", "paragraph_text": "Since 1990, The Walt Disney Company had lobbied for copyright extension. The legalisation delayed the entry into the public domain of the earliest Mickey Mouse movies, leading detractors to the nickname ``The Mickey Mouse Protection Act ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mickey Mouse Clubhouse", "paragraph_text": "Wayne Allwine as Mickey Mouse and Martian Mickey (2006 -- 09) Bret Iwan as Mickey Mouse, Martian Mickey, and Count Mickula (2009 -- 16) Russi Taylor as Minnie Mouse, Martian Minnie, and Quoodles Tony Anselmo as Donald Duck Tress MacNeille as Daisy Duck, Chip, Baby Red Bird, and Mommy Red Bird Bill Farmer as Goofy, Pluto, Goofbot, and Goofles Rob Paulsen as Toodles", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Mickey generally appears alongside his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, his pet dog Pluto, his friends Donald Duck and Goofy, and his nemesis Pete, among others (see Mickey Mouse universe). Though originally characterized as a cheeky lovable rogue, Mickey was rebranded over time as a nice guy, usually seen as an honest and bodacious hero. In 2009, Disney began to rebrand the character again by putting less emphasis on his friendly, well-meaning persona and reintroducing the more menacing and stubborn sides of his personality, beginning with the video game \"Epic Mickey\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mickey's Big Game Hunt", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Big Game Hunt is a 1928 silent short film in Larry Darmour's \"Mickey McGuire\" series starring a young Mickey Rooney. Directed by Albert Herman, the two-reel short was released to theaters on December 23, 1928 by FBO.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Mickey Mouse Disco", "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse Disco is an album released by Disneyland Records in 1979. A late entry in the genre of disco, \"Mickey Mouse Disco\" included disco versions of Disney songs and Disney-fied versions of disco hits. The album was re-released on CD in 1995, and is currently available for download from iTunes. On April 13, 2019, the original LP was reissued for the annual Record Store Day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Building a Building", "paragraph_text": "Building a Building is a 1933 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Production and released by United Artists. A remake of the 1928 Oswald the Lucky Rabbit film \"Sky Scrappers\", the cartoon depicts Mickey Mouse working at a construction site under the supervision of Peg-Leg Pete while Minnie Mouse is selling box lunches to the workers. It was directed by David Hand, his first directorial assignment at Disney, and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey, Marcellite Garner as Minnie, and Billy Bletcher as Pete.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Allison Fonte", "paragraph_text": "After her stint with \"the New Mickey Mouse Club\", Allison attended Stanford University and was a founding partner in a creative firm in New York City called Pompei A.D. She spun off part of that company into Allison Fonte Public Relations, also in New York. Allison attended the New Mouseketeers' reunion in May 2001, along with eight other 1970s Mouseketeers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Mickey Mouse Club", "paragraph_text": "The Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show that aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned in 2017 to social media. Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions, the program was first televised in 1955 by ABC, featuring a regular but ever - changing cast of mostly teen performers. ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958 -- 1959 season, airing right after American Bandstand. The show was revived after its initial 1955 -- 1959 run on ABC, first from 1977 -- 1979 for first - run syndication, again from 1989 -- 1996 as The All - New Mickey Mouse Club (also known to fans as MMC from 1993 -- 1996) airing exclusively on cable television's The Disney Channel, then rebooted in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Kirk Reeves", "paragraph_text": "Kirk Reeves (1956\u20132012), also known as \"Working\" Kirk Reeves, was an American street musician and entertainer best known for playing a trumpet on the west bank bridgehead of the Hawthorne Bridge in Portland, Oregon while wearing a Mickey Mouse hat and a white suit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Clarabelle Cow", "paragraph_text": "Clarabelle Cow is a Disney fictional character within the Mickey Mouse universe of characters. Clarabelle Cow was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks in 1928. Clarabelle is one of Minnie Mouse's best friends and is usually depicted as the girlfriend of Horace Horsecollar, although she has also been paired with Goofy occasionally (especially in the Super Goof comic book series). Clarabelle has remained a supporting character in the United States; only in Italy has she been treated as a major character.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Phantom Blot", "paragraph_text": "The Phantom Blot is a fictional character featured in various media by The Walt Disney Company. He is an enemy of Mickey Mouse. He first appeared in the \"Mickey Mouse\" comic strip adventure \"Mickey Mouse Outwits the Phantom Blot\" by Floyd Gottfredson, which was published in the form of daily strips from May 20 to September 9, 1939.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "BBC Television", "paragraph_text": "BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15:00. Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement, saying, 'Good afternoon everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh?'. The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[unreliable source?] Alexandra Palace was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s when the majority of production moved into the newly acquired Lime Grove Studios.[original research?]", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The Pointer", "paragraph_text": "The cartoon follows Mickey Mouse as he tries to teach his dog Pluto to be a pointer dog during a quail hunt. It was directed by Clyde Geronimi and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey and Lee Millar as Pluto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "BBC Television", "paragraph_text": "On 1 September 1939, two days before Britain declared war on Germany, the station was taken off air with little warning; the government was concerned that the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London. Also, many of the television service's technical staff and engineers would be needed for the war effort, in particular on the radar programme. The last programme transmitted was a Mickey Mouse cartoon, Mickey's Gala Premier (1933), which was followed by test transmissions; this account refuted the popular memory according to which broadcasting was suspended before the end of the cartoon.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the creator of Mickey Mouse's spouse?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 156085, "question": "What is Mickey Mouse's spouse's name?", "answer": "Minnie Mouse", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 436709, "question": "#1 >> creator", "answer": "Walt Disney", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "Walt Disney", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2018}
{"id": "2hop__94507_654855", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Chhatar Singh Darbar", "paragraph_text": "Chhatar Singh Darbar (born 8 January 1954) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Dhar constituency of Madhya Pradesh and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "National Assembly of Pakistan", "paragraph_text": "The Pakistani National Assembly (Urdu: \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0626 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u202c \u200e -- Qaum\u012b Asimbli'e P\u0101kist\u0101n); is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis - e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 332 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 172 seats to obtain and preserve a majority.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Parsuram Majhi", "paragraph_text": "Parsuram Majhi (born 1 December 1961) was a member of the 13th Lok Sabha and 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Nowrangpur constituency of Odisha and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Audrey McLaughlin", "paragraph_text": "Audrey Marlene McLaughlin (n\u00e9e Brown; born November 8, 1936) was leader of Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP) from 1989 to 1995. She was the first female leader of a political party with representation in the House of Commons of Canada, as well as the first female federal political party leader to represent an electoral district in a Canadian territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bhanwar Singh Dangawas", "paragraph_text": "Bhanwar Singh Dangawas (7 June 1929 \u2013 2 July 2012) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Nagaur constituency of Rajasthan and was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Adversary in the House", "paragraph_text": "Adversary in the House (1947) is a biographical novel based on the life of Eugene V. Debs and of his wife Kate, who was opposed to socialism.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "National Assembly of Pakistan", "paragraph_text": "The National Assembly of Pakistan (Urdu: \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0626 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u202c \u200e) is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis - e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 137 seats to obtain and preserve a majority.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Suresh Ganapat Wagmare", "paragraph_text": "Wagmare Suresh Ganapat (born 15 September 1961) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Wardha constituency of Maharashtra and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dilipkumar Gandhi", "paragraph_text": "Dilipkumar Mansukhlal Gandhi (born 9 May 1951) is an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party. He is a current member of the 16th Lok Sabha of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "David G. Boschert", "paragraph_text": "David George Boschert (July 30, 1947 \u2013 June 30, 2011) was an American politician. Boschert was most recently a Republican member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 33A in the Maryland General Assembly. During his political career he played roles in both the Republican Party and Democratic Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Legality Movement Party", "paragraph_text": "The Legality Movement Party (LMP) ( or PLL) is a right-wing monarchist political party in Albania, led by Shpetim Axhami. It supported the return to power of the House of Zogu under Crown Prince Leka of the Albanians. In the 2001 elections it was part of the Union for Victory (\"Bashkimi p\u00ebr Fitoren\") coalition which received 37.1% of the vote and 46 members of parliament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Reformed Political Party", "paragraph_text": "The Reformed Political Party (, SGP) is an orthodox Calvinist political party in the Netherlands. The term \"Reformed\" is not a reference to political reform but is a synonym for Calvinism\u2014a major branch of Protestantism. The SGP is the oldest political party in the Netherlands in its current form, and has for its entire existence been in opposition. The party has, owing to its orthodox political ideals and its traditional role in the opposition, been called a testimonial party. Since the general election of 2017, it has held 3 of the 150 seats of the House of Representatives.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Eugene V. Debs", "paragraph_text": "Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 \u2013 October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Majority leader", "paragraph_text": "In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congressmen in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Pirate Party (Belgium)", "paragraph_text": "The Pirate Party of Belgium (, ) is a political party in Belgium. Based on the model of the Swedish Pirate Party, it supports reform of copyright law, the abolition of patents, and respect for privacy. It was a founding member of Pirate Parties International.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Stuart Henry (politician)", "paragraph_text": "Stuart Irwin Henry (born 21 June 1946), is a former Australian politician, who was elected to the House of Representatives as member for the Division of Hasluck, Western Australia for the Liberal Party of Australia at the 2004 federal election. He was a small business proprietor and farm manager before entering politics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, de facto leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates nor vote.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Party for the Netherlands", "paragraph_text": "Party for the Netherlands () (PVN) is a Dutch right-wing Fortuynist political party founded in August 2006 by Hilbrand Nawijn, a member of the Dutch House of Representatives.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Canada", "paragraph_text": "The direct participation of the monarch and the governor general in areas of governance is limited. In practice, their use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons of Canada and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Justin Trudeau), the head of government. The governor general or monarch may, though, in certain crisis situations exercise their power without ministerial advice. To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the individual who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besides the aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors, senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations and government agencies. The leader of the party with the second-most seats usually becomes the leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition and is part of an adversarial parliamentary system intended to keep the government in check.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Shiromaniam Madhavan", "paragraph_text": "Shiromaniam Madhavan (1944 - 29 June 1994), son of a founding member of the National Federation Party (NFP), was a Fiji Indian politician who served in the Labasa Town Council and the House of Representatives. He contested numerous elections for different political parties.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What political party does the person that Adversary in the House is based on a member of?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 94507, "question": "Which is the basis of Adversary in the House?", "answer": "Eugene V. Debs", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 654855, "question": "#1 >> member of political party", "answer": "Socialist Party of America", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "Socialist Party of America", "answer_aliases": ["Democrat", "Democratic Party"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1685}
{"id": "2hop__82858_654855", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "2006 French Socialist Party presidential primary", "paragraph_text": "The Socialist Party presidential primary of 2006 was the selection process by which members of the Socialist Party of France chose their candidate for the 2007 French presidential election. In a nationwide vote on 16 November 2006, members of the party chose S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal over Dominique Strauss-Kahn and Laurent Fabius, making Royal the first female nominee of a major party for the office of President of France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Eugene V. Debs", "paragraph_text": "Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 \u2013 October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Socialist Workers' Current", "paragraph_text": "Socialist Workers' Current () is a far-left Trotskyist political organisation in Brazil, created in 1992 by a split of the Socialist Convergence. CST is an active tendency of the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) and the Brazilian section of the International Workers' Unity \u2013 Fourth International. CST split from Worker's Party (PT) when its federal deputy Bab\u00e1 was expelled from PT, after voting against the pension reform proposed by ex-president Lula.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Greenback Party", "paragraph_text": "The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889. The party ran candidates in three presidential elections\u2014in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ron Ehrenreich", "paragraph_text": "Ron Ehrenreich (born 1950) is an American credit union officer and teacher. He was the Vice-Presidential candidate for the Socialist Party USA in the 1988 United States presidential election, as the running mate of Willa Kenoyer. The ticket received 3,882 votes, 2,587 of the votes came from New Jersey. He has been the treasurer of the Syracuse Cooperative Federal Credit Union since its opening in 1982. He later ran as a Green Party candidate for Onondaga County, New York Comptroller in 1999. Ron is married to Sondra Roth, and has two children, Hanah and Sam.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1920 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs received 913,664 popular votes (3.4 percent), despite the fact that he was in prison at the time for advocating non-compliance with the draft during World War I. This was the largest number of popular votes ever received by a Socialist Party candidate in the United States, although not the largest percentage of the popular vote. Debs received double this percentage in the election of 1912. The 1920 election was Debs' fifth and last attempt to become president.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Matilde Zimmermann", "paragraph_text": "Matilde Zimmermann (born September 6, 1943) is an American author and professor who ran as the Socialist Workers Party candidate for United States Vice President in 1980. The party had three different Presidential candidates that year, Andrew Pulley, Richard H. Congress and Clifton DeBerry depending on the state. She was at the time a writer for the party newspaper \"The Militant\". Zimmermann also ran as an alternate vice presidential candidate for Andrea Gonzales in some states in 1984; Melvin T. Mason was the presidential candidate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Nigerian National Democratic Party", "paragraph_text": "Formed in 1923 by Herbert Macaulay to take advantage of the new Clifford Constitution, the NNDP successfully organized various Lagos interest groups into a single group that was able to compete politically. The (NNDP) ran many candidates for seats in the 1922 elections for the Lagos Legislative Council, winning three seats. The party won all the seats in the elections of 1923, 1928 and 1933. Though, the party's major function was to put candidates into the legislative council, it had a broader objective of promoting democracy in Nigeria, increasing higher Nigerian participation in the social, economic and educational development of Nigeria. The party continued to dominate politics in Lagos until 1938, when the Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) overtook it in elections.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2017 French presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 French presidential election was held on 23 April and 7 May 2017. As no candidate won a majority in the first round on 23 April, a run - off was held between the top two candidates, Emmanuel Macron of En Marche! and Marine Le Pen of the National Front (FN), which Macron won by a decisive margin on 7 May. The presidential election was followed by legislative elections to elect members of the National Assembly on 11 and 18 June. Incumbent president Fran\u00e7ois Hollande of the Socialist Party (PS) was eligible to run for a second term, but declared on 1 December 2016 that he would not seek reelection in light of low approval ratings, making him the first incumbent president of the Fifth Republic not to seek re-election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Samuel H. Friedman", "paragraph_text": "Samuel H. Friedman (1897\u20131990) was a journalist and a longtime labor union activist. He twice ran unsuccessfully for Vice President of the United States on the Socialist Party of America ticket. In the 1952, the Socialist National Party Congress nominated Friedman to run alongside its presidential candidate, Darlington Hoopes. They won 20,203 votes in 1952 and received 2,044 votes in 1956. Friedman frequently ran in New York for state senator, lieutenant governor, New York City controller and City Council president. Friedman never won. He earned his living as a journalist and public relations agent. He was also an early member of and longtime visitor to the Three Arrows Cooperative Society.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Movement for Changes", "paragraph_text": "In the 2006 parliamentary election, the party ran for the first time, winning 11 of 81 seats. It became a vocal opposition party and forged links with the Serb People's Party and the Socialist People's Party of Montenegro in an attempt to unify the country's political opposition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Alyaksandr Kazulin", "paragraph_text": "Minsk) is the former leader of the Belarusian Social Democratic Party and one of the candidates who ran for the office of President of Belarus on 19 March 2006. He was a rector of the Belarusian State University from 1996 to 2003 and a government minister serving under Belarus President Lukashenko but later fell out of favor. He holds a PhD in mathematics and pedagogy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "African-American candidates for President of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Major party, African American candidates for President of the United States could not run in primaries until nearly the third quarter of the 20th century, after the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1964) and Voting Rights Act (1965) opened up political participation to blacks in the South. Also, party changes to give more weight to candidates' performance in primaries, rather than to party leaders' negotiation in secret, opened up the fields. In 2008, Senator Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States, the first African American to win the office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "George A. Nelson", "paragraph_text": "George A. Nelson (November 15, 1873 \u2013 May 4, 1962) was a dairy farmer, a farm organization leader, and an American socialist politician. He is best remembered as the 1936 candidate of the Socialist Party of America for Vice President of the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Jean-Pierre Bel", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Pierre Bel (born 30 December 1951) is a French retired politician who served as President of the Senate from 2011 to 2014. From the Ari\u00e8ge department, Bel is a member of the Socialist Party; he was elected to the Senate in September 1998 and re-elected in September 2008. Bel was President of the Socialist Group in the Senate from 2004 to 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "1912 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "Roosevelt had served as president from 1901 to 1909, and Taft had won the 1908 Republican president nomination with Roosevelt's support. Displeased with Taft's actions as president, Roosevelt challenged Taft at the 1912 Republican National Convention. After Taft and his conservative allies narrowly prevailed at the Republican convention, Roosevelt rallied his progressive supporters and launched a third party bid. With the support of William Jennings Bryan and other progressives, Wilson won the Democratic Party's presidential nomination on the 46th ballot. Meanwhile, the Socialist Party renominated its perennial standard - bearer, Eugene V. Debs.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Labour Party (UK)", "paragraph_text": "The Labour Party's origins lie in the late 19th century, when it became apparent that there was a need for a new political party to represent the interests and needs of the urban proletariat, a demographic which had increased in number and had recently been given franchise. Some members of the trades union movement became interested in moving into the political field, and after further extensions of the voting franchise in 1867 and 1885, the Liberal Party endorsed some trade-union sponsored candidates. The first Lib\u2013Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, with the intention of linking the movement to political policies. Among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Albert Bedouce", "paragraph_text": "Albert Bedouce (8 January 1869, Toulouse \u2013 4 August 1947) was a French politician. He joined at first the French Workers' Party (POF), which in 1902 merged into the Socialist Party of France (PSdF), which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Bedouce was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1906 to 1919 and from 1924 to 1940. He was Minister of Public Works from 1936 to 1937. In the 1939 presidential election Bedouce was the candidate of the SFIO, but lost to Albert Lebrun, the candidate of the Democratic Republican Alliance. On 10 July 1940, he voted in favour of granting the Cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe P\u00e9tain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. For this he was expelled from the SFIO after the Liberation of France. In 1945 he joined, with his associate \u00c9mile Berlia, the newly founded Democratic Socialist Party (PSD).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Professional Commons", "paragraph_text": "In the 2012 LegCo election, three Professional Commons members were elected to the legislature including Charles Mok in the Information Technology functional constituency (FC), Kenneth Leung in the Accountancy FC, and Dennis Kwok, who ran as a Civic Party candidate, in the Legal FC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "2009 Malawian general election", "paragraph_text": "General elections were held in Malawi on 19 May 2009. Incumbent President Bingu wa Mutharika ran for re-election; his main opponent was John Tembo, the president of the Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Five other candidates also ran. The election was won by Mutharika, who was re-elected to the Presidency with around two-thirds of the vote. Mutharika's DPP also won a strong parliamentary majority.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What political party was the socialist candidate part of who ran for president in 1912?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 82858, "question": "who ran as the socialist candidate for president in 1912", "answer": "Eugene V. Debs", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}, {"id": 654855, "question": "#1 >> member of political party", "answer": "Socialist Party of America", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "Socialist Party of America", "answer_aliases": ["Democrat", "Democratic Party"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2167}
{"id": "2hop__62823_654855", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Politics of India", "paragraph_text": "There are two types of political parties in India - National Party and Regional / State party. Every political party must bear a symbol and must be registered with the Election Commission of India. Symbols are used in Indian political system as an identity of political parties and so that illiterate people can also vote by recognizing symbols of party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "National Renaissance Party (Dominican Republic)", "paragraph_text": "The National Renaissance Party () is a minor political party in the Dominican Republic. It first contested national elections in 1994, when it failed to win a seat. They again failed to win a seat in 1998, whilst their candidate received less than 1% of the vote in the 2000 presidential elections. For the 2002 elections it was part of the victorious Dominican Revolutionary Party-led alliance. It ran alone in the 2006 elections, but received only 0.1% of the national vote, failing to win a seat.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Red", "paragraph_text": "The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became \"The East Is Red\", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a \"red sun\". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Legality Movement Party", "paragraph_text": "The Legality Movement Party (LMP) ( or PLL) is a right-wing monarchist political party in Albania, led by Shpetim Axhami. It supported the return to power of the House of Zogu under Crown Prince Leka of the Albanians. In the 2001 elections it was part of the Union for Victory (\"Bashkimi p\u00ebr Fitoren\") coalition which received 37.1% of the vote and 46 members of parliament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Hans von Spakovsky", "paragraph_text": "Hans Anatol von Spakovsky (born March 11, 1959) is an American attorney and a former member of the Federal Election Commission (FEC). He is the manager of the Heritage Foundation's Election Law Reform Initiative and a senior legal fellow in Heritage's Meese Center for Legal and Judicial Studies. He is an advocate for more restrictive voting laws. He has been described as playing an influential role in making alarmism about voter fraud mainstream in the Republican Party, despite no evidence of widespread voter fraud.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Leonard Shayo", "paragraph_text": "Leonard Shayo (born 1948) is a Tanzanian politician and member of the Demokrasia Makini party. Running as the party's presidential candidate in the 14 December 2005 elections, Shayo placed ninth out of ten candidates, receiving 0.15% of the vote.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Philipp R\u00f6sler", "paragraph_text": "R\u00f6sler joined the FDP and its political youth organization, the Young Liberals, in 1992. He was secretary of the FDP in the state of Lower Saxony from 2000 to 2004 and served as chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the Lower Saxon state assembly from 2003. From 2001 to 2006, R\u00f6sler was a member in the regional assembly of Hanover (district), where he was also deputy chairman of the parliamentary group. In May 2005, he was elected an observer of the federal FDP executive committee. He received 95% of the votes, the best result of that party conference. At the state party conference in March 2006, R\u00f6sler was elected as chairman of the Lower Saxon FDP with 96.4% of the votes; he succeeded Walter Hirche, who had decided to step down after twelve years at the helm. In April, 2008, R\u00f6sler was confirmed as the Lower Saxon FDP party chairman, receiving 95% of the votes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Politics of Japan", "paragraph_text": "Several political parties exist in Japan, however, the politics of Japan have primarily been dominated by the LDP since 1955, with the DPJ playing an important role as opposition several times. LDP was a ruling party during decades since 1955. Despite of existence of multiple parties, other parties were completely ignored. Most of the prime ministers were elected from inner factions of LDP.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1936 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "Roosevelt won in a landslide, carrying 46 of the 48 states and bringing in many additional Democratic members of Congress. After Lyndon B. Johnson's 61.1 percent share of the popular vote in 1964, Roosevelt's 60.8 percent is the second - largest percentage in U.S. history since the nearly unopposed election of James Monroe in 1820, and his 98.5% of the electoral vote is the highest in two - party competition. Roosevelt won the largest number of electoral votes ever recorded at that time, so far only surpassed by Ronald Reagan in 1984, when seven more electoral votes were available to contest. Garner won the highest percentage of the electoral vote of any vice president. Landon became the second official major - party candidate since the current system was established to win fewer than ten electoral votes by tying William Howard Taft, who won eight votes in his unsuccessful re-election campaign in 1912. No major - party candidate has won so few electoral votes since this election. The closest anyone has come was Reagan's 1984 opponent Walter Mondale, who won only thirteen electoral votes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ugo Cappellacci", "paragraph_text": "Ugo Cappellacci, also known as The Auger (\"it: Trivella)\" (born 27 November 1960 in Cagliari, Italy) is an Italian Sardinian politician and member of the Forza Italia (FI) political party. Cappellacci, a center-right, politician, was elected President of Sardinia in the 2009 regional election, held in February 2009, with 51.9% of the vote, ousting the incumbent left-wing coalition led by Renato Soru, who garnered 42.89%. He took office as President on 27 February 2009. He lost as incumbent to Francesco Pigliaru of the Democratic Party in the 2014 regional election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over 1 million votes. Around this time, many commentators saw Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King Jr. breakfast, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom said that \"[H]e's becoming a Democrat [... H]e's running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)", "paragraph_text": "Politically, The Sun in the early Murdoch years, remained nominally Labour. It supported the Labour Party led by Harold Wilson in the 1970 General Election, with the headline \"Why It Must Be Labour\" but by February 1974 it was calling for a vote for the Conservative Party led by Edward Heath while suggesting that it might support a Labour Party led by James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins. In the October election an editorial asserted: \"ALL our instincts are left rather than right and we would vote for any able politician who would describe himself as a Social Democrat.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Eugene V. Debs", "paragraph_text": "Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 \u2013 October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "1959 PAP prime ministerial election", "paragraph_text": "This is the only Prime Ministerial Election in Singapore history. The People's Action Party Central Executive Committee met on the victory of the 1959 Singaporean general election to elect a Prime Minister. At the end of the election, Lee Kuan Yew won by a mere 1 vote, that was voted by the then party Chairman Toh Chin Chye", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over one million votes. In recent years, many commentators have seen Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King, Jr. breakfast, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom said that, \"[H]e's becoming a Democrat [\u2026 H]e's running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Political party", "paragraph_text": "The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a \"two-and-a-half party\") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liberal Party was the other major political party along with the Conservatives. Though coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party to deliver a working majority in Parliament. (A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system, a relationship described by Maurice Duverger and known as Duverger's Law.) There are also numerous other parties that hold or have held a number of seats in Parliament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Alson Streeter", "paragraph_text": "Alson Jenness Streeter (January 18, 1823 \u2013 November 24, 1901) was an American farmer, miner and politician who was the Union Labor Party nominee in the United States presidential election of 1888. Streeter, alongside his vice presidential running mate Charles E. Cunningham of Arkansas, finished fourth in a field of six in the election, garnering 149,115 votes or 1.31 percent of the nationwide total.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "1936 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "United States presidential election, 1936 \u2190 1932 November 3, 1936 1940 \u2192 531 electoral votes of the Electoral College 266 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 61.0% 4.1 pp Nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt Alf Landon Party Democratic Republican Home state New York Kansas Running mate John Nance Garner Frank Knox Electoral vote 523 8 States carried 46 Popular vote 27,747,636 16,679,543 Percentage 60.8% 36.5% Presidential election results map. Blue denotes those won by Roosevelt / Garner, red denotes states won by Landon / Knox. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. President before election Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic Elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Cork (city)", "paragraph_text": "While local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and a number of other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral wards. The members are affiliated to the following political parties: Fine Gael (5 members), Fianna F\u00e1il (10 members), Sinn F\u00e9in (8 members), Anti-Austerity Alliance (3 members), Workers' Party (1 member), Independents (4 members). Certain councillors are co-opted to represent the city at the South-West Regional Authority. A new Lord Mayor of Cork is chosen in a vote by the elected members of the council under a D'Hondt system count.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "1920 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs received 913,664 popular votes (3.4 percent), despite the fact that he was in prison at the time for advocating non-compliance with the draft during World War I. This was the largest number of popular votes ever received by a Socialist Party candidate in the United States, although not the largest percentage of the popular vote. Debs received double this percentage in the election of 1912. The 1920 election was Debs' fifth and last attempt to become president.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "What political party was the candidate who garnered a million votes during the 1920 election despite being in prison, a member of?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 62823, "question": "who garnered a million votes during the 1920 election despite being in prison", "answer": "Eugene V. Debs", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 654855, "question": "#1 >> member of political party", "answer": "Socialist Party of America", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "Socialist Party of America", "answer_aliases": ["Democrat", "Democratic Party"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2479}
{"id": "2hop__827755_156034", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Bellefonte, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Bellefonte is a ghost town in Jackson County, Alabama, United States, near the site of the Bellefonte Nuclear Generating Station. It is located roughly two miles southeast of Hollywood, Alabama.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Puslinch Lake", "paragraph_text": "Puslinch Lake is a kettle lake located in Wellington County, Ontario, Canada. It is the largest kettle lake in Canada. The lake is private, without access to the public. The lake provides many recreational activities, including swimming, fishing, sailing, motor boating, and water skiing. The Puslinch Lake - Irish Creek Wetland, a provincially significant area, is adjacent to the lake.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Stamford Brook tube station", "paragraph_text": "Stamford Brook is a London Underground station on the eastern edge of Chiswick in west London. The station is served by the District line and is between Ravenscourt Park and Turnham Green stations. The main entrance is located on Goldhawk Road (A402) with a secondary entrance on Prebend Gardens. It is in Travelcard Zone 2. The station takes its name from Stamford Brook, a tributary of the River Thames that is now predominantly underground.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lacus Excellentiae", "paragraph_text": "Lacus Excellentiae (Latin for \"Lake of Excellence\") is a relatively small, irregular lunar mare in the southern latitudes of the Moon, amidst the rugged terrain to the south of the larger Mare Humorum. The most prominent feature within the diameter of this basin is the small crater Clausius.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Beaverdell", "paragraph_text": "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "KEYN-FM", "paragraph_text": "KEYN-FM (103.7 FM) is a radio station operating in Wichita, Kansas, owned by Entercom. The station broadcasts a classic hits music format, featuring hits from the 1970s and 1980s. The station's studios are located at North Woodlawn and East 21st Street in Northeast Wichita, while the transmitter is located outside Colwich, Kansas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Geographical feature", "paragraph_text": "Geographical features are man - made or naturally - created features of the Earth. Natural geographical features consist of landforms and ecosystems. For example, terrain types, physical factors of the environment) are natural geographical features. Conversely, human settlements or other engineered forms are considered types of artificial geographical features.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Archer Artillery System", "paragraph_text": "The Archer Artillery System, or Archer - FH77BW L52, or Artillerisystem 08 is an international project aimed at developing a next-generation self-propelled gun system for Sweden and Norway. The heart of the system is a fully automated 155 mm/L52 gun howitzer and a M151 Protector remote controlled weapon station mounted on a modified 6\u00d76 chassis of the Volvo A30D, all-terrain articulated hauler. The crew and engine compartment is armoured and the cab is fitted with bullet and fragmentation-", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Grand Forks, British Columbia", "paragraph_text": "Grand Forks, population 4,049, is a city in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Granby River and Kettle River, a tributary of the Columbia. The city is just north of the US - Canada border, approximately 500 km from Vancouver, British Columbia and 200 km from Kelowna, British Columbia and 23 km west of the resort area of Christina Lake by road.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Nelson River", "paragraph_text": "Fort Nelson, a historic Hudson's Bay Company trading post, was at the mouth of the Nelson River at Hudson Bay and was a key trading post in the early 18th century. After his pivotal role in establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, Pierre Esprit Radisson, noted French explorer, was chief director of trade at Fort Nelson during one of his sustained periods of service to England. Today, Fort Nelson no longer exists. Port Nelson, the abandoned shipping port, remains on the opposite side of the river mouth on Hudson Bay.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Kettle Generating Station", "paragraph_text": "The Kettle Generating Station, also known as Kettle Rapids Generating Station, is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station on the Lower Nelson River in Manitoba, Canada. It is located northwest of Gillam. As part of the Nelson River Hydroelectric Project, the power station was completed in 1973 and the last generator commissioned in 1974. It has an installed capacity of and is the second largest power station in Manitoba.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Project Boreas", "paragraph_text": "Project Boreas was a study conducted between 2003 and 2006 by the British Interplanetary Society to design a station on the Planum Boreum at the Martian North Pole. The project was international, involving over 25 scientists and engineers, co-ordinated by Charles S. Cockell. Pole Station was designed to operate for three summers and two polar winters. Amongst a diversity of scientific objectives the station occupants were to retrieve a deep core from within the Martian polar ice cap and search for water and habitable conditions deep in the polar ice cap. Expeditions were planned to numerous locations across the Martian north polar cap, including the Chasma Boreale and the polar layered terrains. The study involved wide-ranging investigations of the scientific priorities for a human presence at the Martian polar ice caps through to detailed architectural and design studies for the station. Studies were undertaken on mobility and communications and psycho-social issues for long-term operation at the Martian polar station.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Nughu", "paragraph_text": "Nughu is an island in the Solomon Islands; it is located in Guadalcanal Province. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 12 metres.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Twomile Run", "paragraph_text": "Twomile Run is a tributary of Kettle Creek in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long. Tributaries of the stream include Huling Branch and Middle Branch Twomile Run. The stream flows through Leidy Township and Noyes Township. The stream's watershed has an area of approximately 9 square miles. Coal is mined in the watershed. Most of the acid mine drainage in Kettle Creek comes from Twomile Run.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Lapham Peak Unit, Kettle Moraine State Forest", "paragraph_text": "Lapham Peak is a Wisconsin state park located in the Kettle Moraine State Forest. It is just south of Delafield and seven miles (11\u00a0km) west of Waukesha. The park entrance is two miles (3\u00a0km) north of the Glacial Drumlin State Trail.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Hammersley Fork", "paragraph_text": "Hammersley Fork (also known as Hammersley Fork Creek) is a tributary of Kettle Creek in Potter County and Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Warton Township in Potter County and Leidy Township in Clinton County. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The main rock formation in the watershed is the Pottsville Formation. A number of bridges cross the stream.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Palus Epidemiarum", "paragraph_text": "Palus Epidemiarum (Latin for \"Marsh of Epidemics\") is a small lunar mare in the southwestern part of the Moon's near side. It lies to the southwest of Mare Nubium, and southeast of Mare Humorum. This feature forms a rough band of lava-flooded terrain that runs generally west\u2013east, with a northward extension near the western end.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Granby River", "paragraph_text": "The Granby River is a tributary of the Kettle River in British Columbia, Canada, joining the Kettle just north of the Canada\u2013United States border at the town of Grand Forks. The river is approximately in length and has its origin in the Monashee Mountains to the west of Fauquier on the Arrow Lakes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Keepit Power Station", "paragraph_text": "Keepit Power Station is a hydro-electric power station located at the Keepit Dam on the Namoi River, near Gunnedah in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The Keepit Power Station has one turbine with a generating capacity of of electricity. The power station is operated by Eraring Energy and generated of net energy production during 2009, used primarily for peak-load generation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Yalgar River", "paragraph_text": "The Yalgar River is a 185-kilometre-long tributary of the Murchison River, located in the Shire of Meekatharra in central Western Australia. It rises in the Glengarry Range 25\u00a0km southeast of Mooloogool Station homestead, about 80 kilometres northeast of Meekatharra, flowing 145 kilometres westward (crossing the Great Northern Highway at Karralundi) to a junction with the Hope River. From there it flows north-northwesterly for about 40 kilometres, emptying into the upper reaches of the Murchison River, near Moorarie Station homestead on the Carnarvon-Meekatharra Road.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the river that the Kettle Generating Station is located on a tributary of?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 827755, "question": "Kettle Generating Station >> located on terrain feature", "answer": "Nelson River", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 156034, "question": "What is #1 a tributary of?", "answer": "Hudson's Bay", "paragraph_support_idx": 9}], "answer": "Hudson's Bay", "answer_aliases": ["Hudson Bay"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1757}
{"id": "2hop__800166_156034", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Barguelonne", "paragraph_text": "The Barguelonne () is a long river in the Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne and Lot-et-Garonne \"d\u00e9partements\", southwestern France. Its source is near Terry, a hamlet in Pern. It flows generally southwest. It is a right tributary of the Garonne into which it flows between Golfech and Lamagist\u00e8re.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Project Boreas", "paragraph_text": "Project Boreas was a study conducted between 2003 and 2006 by the British Interplanetary Society to design a station on the Planum Boreum at the Martian North Pole. The project was international, involving over 25 scientists and engineers, co-ordinated by Charles S. Cockell. Pole Station was designed to operate for three summers and two polar winters. Amongst a diversity of scientific objectives the station occupants were to retrieve a deep core from within the Martian polar ice cap and search for water and habitable conditions deep in the polar ice cap. Expeditions were planned to numerous locations across the Martian north polar cap, including the Chasma Boreale and the polar layered terrains. The study involved wide-ranging investigations of the scientific priorities for a human presence at the Martian polar ice caps through to detailed architectural and design studies for the station. Studies were undertaken on mobility and communications and psycho-social issues for long-term operation at the Martian polar station.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Nelson River", "paragraph_text": "Fort Nelson, a historic Hudson's Bay Company trading post, was at the mouth of the Nelson River at Hudson Bay and was a key trading post in the early 18th century. After his pivotal role in establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, Pierre Esprit Radisson, noted French explorer, was chief director of trade at Fort Nelson during one of his sustained periods of service to England. Today, Fort Nelson no longer exists. Port Nelson, the abandoned shipping port, remains on the opposite side of the river mouth on Hudson Bay.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Stamford Brook tube station", "paragraph_text": "Stamford Brook is a London Underground station on the eastern edge of Chiswick in west London. The station is served by the District line and is between Ravenscourt Park and Turnham Green stations. The main entrance is located on Goldhawk Road (A402) with a secondary entrance on Prebend Gardens. It is in Travelcard Zone 2. The station takes its name from Stamford Brook, a tributary of the River Thames that is now predominantly underground.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Cold River (Bearcamp River tributary)", "paragraph_text": "The Cold River is an long river located in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Bearcamp River, part of the Ossipee River and Saco River watersheds. The river lies entirely in the town of Sandwich.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Farnell Valley", "paragraph_text": "Farnell Valley () is an ice-free valley, long, a tributary to Beacon Valley, descending to the latter from the southeast side, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1964 for James B.H. Farnell, who assisted in supplying field parties at McMurdo Station in 1960.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Palus Epidemiarum", "paragraph_text": "Palus Epidemiarum (Latin for \"Marsh of Epidemics\") is a small lunar mare in the southwestern part of the Moon's near side. It lies to the southwest of Mare Nubium, and southeast of Mare Humorum. This feature forms a rough band of lava-flooded terrain that runs generally west\u2013east, with a northward extension near the western end.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Kelly Brook, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Kelly Brook is an unincorporated community located in the town of Spruce, Oconto County, Wisconsin, United States. Kelly Brook is located at the junction of County Highways A and K northwest of Oconto Falls.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sturgeon River (Alberta)", "paragraph_text": "The Sturgeon River is a 260 km long river located in central Alberta, Canada. It is a major tributary of the North Saskatchewan River. The stream crosses Sturgeon County, which was named for this river.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Stazione FS (Brescia Metro)", "paragraph_text": "Stazione FS is a station of the Brescia Metro, in the city of Brescia in northern Italy. It is located beside the Brescia railway station near the city centre and close to long distance and local bus stations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Long Spruce Generating Station", "paragraph_text": "It was Manitoba Hydro's fourth generating station to be built on the Nelson River, which flows from Lake Winnipeg to Hudson Bay. The station was built on Long Spruce Rapids. The site is approximately east of Gillam, Manitoba and is downstream of Manitoba Hydro's Kettle Generating Station.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree", "paragraph_text": "Year Original location Tree type Height Lighting 2017 State College, PA Norway spruce 75 ft November 29, 2017 2016 Oneonta, NY Norway spruce 94 ft November 30, 2016 2015 Gardiner, NY Norway spruce 78 ft December 2, 2015 2014 Danville, PA Norway spruce 85 ft December 3, 2014 2013 Shelton, CT Norway spruce 76 ft December 4, 2013 2012 Flanders, NJ Norway spruce 80 ft November 28, 2012 2011 Mifflinville, PA Norway spruce 74 ft November 30, 2011 Mahopac, NY Norway spruce 74 ft November 30, 2010 2009 Easton, CT Norway spruce 76 ft December 2, 2009 2008 Hamilton, NJ Norway spruce 72 ft December 3, 2008 2007 Shelton, CT Norway spruce 84 ft November 28, 2007 2006 Ridgefield, CT Norway spruce 88 ft November 29, 2006 2005 Wayne, NJ Norway spruce 74 ft November 30, 2005 Suffern, NY Norway spruce 71 ft November 30, 2004 2003 Manchester, CT Norway spruce 79 ft December 3, 2003 2002 Bloomsbury, NJ Norway spruce 76 ft December 4, 2002 Wayne, NJ Norway spruce 81 ft November 28, 2001 2000 Buchanan, NY Norway spruce 80 ft November 29, 2000 1999 Killingworth, CT Norway spruce 100 ft * December 1, 1999 1998 Richfield, OH Norway spruce 75 ft December 2, 1998 Stony Point, NY Norway spruce 70 ft December 2, 1997 Armonk, NY Norway spruce 90 ft December 3, 1996 1995 Mendham, NJ Norway spruce 75 ft December 5, 1995 Ridgefield, CT Norway spruce 85 ft December 2, 1994 Montebello, NY Norway spruce 70 ft 1986 Nanuet, NY Norway spruce 68 ft 1980 Mahwah, NJ Norway spruce 70 ft 1978 Mahwah, NJ Norway spruce 75 ft 1963 Rockaway, NJ Bruce Fir, Veit 84 ft 1957 Brighton, VT White spruce 67 ft", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Petite Creuse", "paragraph_text": "The Petite Creuse (, the small Creuse) is a long river in Allier and Creuse departments, in central France. Its source is at Treignat, southeast of the village. It is a left tributary of the Creuse River into which it flows at Fresselines. The river is dammed at several locations creating valley lakes that are extensively used for recreation, such as fishing, boating and swimming. The dams are used to generate electricity and to supply water treatment plants providing drinking water to local communities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Jensen Glacier", "paragraph_text": "Jensen Glacier () is a tributary glacier, about long, flowing north between the Supporters Range and Lhasa Nunatak into Snakeskin Glacier, in Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Kenard H. Jensen, a United States Antarctic Research Program meteorologist at South Pole Station in 1963.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Layon", "paragraph_text": "The Layon () is a long river in the Deux-S\u00e8vres and Maine-et-Loire \"d\u00e9partements\", western France. Its source is near Saint-Maurice-la-Fougereuse. It flows generally northwest. It is a left tributary of the Loire into which it flows near Chalonnes-sur-Loire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Indian River (New Hampshire)", "paragraph_text": "The Indian River is a long river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. The river is a tributary of the Mascoma River, which in turn flows to the Connecticut River and ultimately Long Island Sound.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Tarbell Brook", "paragraph_text": "Tarbell Brook is a stream located in southwestern New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts in the United States. It is a tributary of the Millers River, itself a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Thor\u00e9", "paragraph_text": "The Thor\u00e9 () is a long river in the H\u00e9rault and Tarn \"d\u00e9partements\", southwestern France. Its source is in the northern part of Rieussec. It flows generally northwest. It is a left tributary of the Agout into which it flows between Nav\u00e8s and Castres.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Yalgar River", "paragraph_text": "The Yalgar River is a 185-kilometre-long tributary of the Murchison River, located in the Shire of Meekatharra in central Western Australia. It rises in the Glengarry Range 25\u00a0km southeast of Mooloogool Station homestead, about 80 kilometres northeast of Meekatharra, flowing 145 kilometres westward (crossing the Great Northern Highway at Karralundi) to a junction with the Hope River. From there it flows north-northwesterly for about 40 kilometres, emptying into the upper reaches of the Murchison River, near Moorarie Station homestead on the Carnarvon-Meekatharra Road.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "WFFG-FM", "paragraph_text": "WFFG-FM (100.3 FM), known as \"Froggy 100.3\", is a country music radio station in the United States, licensed to Warrensburg, New York, and owned by Pamal Broadcasting. The station broadcasts 24 hours a day on 100.3 MHz with 1,450 watts effective radiated power from a transmitter located near Black Spruce mountain in the town of Warrensburg, Warren County, New York. (shared with WCKM-FM, WCQL and the former location of WNYQ, now WQSH in the Albany market), and serves the Adirondack Region and the Capital District of New York.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the river where Long Spruce Generating Station is located a tributary of?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 800166, "question": "Long Spruce Generating Station >> located on terrain feature", "answer": "Nelson River", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 156034, "question": "What is #1 a tributary of?", "answer": "Hudson's Bay", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}], "answer": "Hudson's Bay", "answer_aliases": ["Hudson Bay"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1994}
{"id": "2hop__742831_156034", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Gaskins Run", "paragraph_text": "Gaskins Run is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Montour County and Northumberland County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Liberty Township, Montour County, Mahoning Township, Montour County. The watershed of the stream has an area of . At least one bridge crosses the stream. It is considered to be both a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hammersley Fork", "paragraph_text": "Hammersley Fork (also known as Hammersley Fork Creek) is a tributary of Kettle Creek in Potter County and Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Warton Township in Potter County and Leidy Township in Clinton County. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The main rock formation in the watershed is the Pottsville Formation. A number of bridges cross the stream.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "16th Avenue Bailey Bridge", "paragraph_text": "Old (16th Avenue) Bailey Bridge was a bailey bridge located on 16th Avenue (York Regional Road 73) east of Reesor Road within Rouge Park in Markham, Ontario, Canada. The bridge crossed the Little Rouge Creek, a tributary of the Rouge River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "West Branch Run", "paragraph_text": "West Branch Run (also known as West Branch Little Fishing Creek ) is a tributary of Little Fishing Creek in Lycoming County and Columbia County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Jordan Township, Lycoming County and . The area of the stream's watershed is . The stream's only named tributary is Shingle Run. West Branch Run flows through a valley known as California Hollow, which is listed as a \"locally significant site\" on the Columbia County Natural Areas Inventory. The Shoemaker Covered Bridge also crosses the stream, as does at least one other bridge in Lycoming County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mud Run (Green Creek tributary)", "paragraph_text": "Mud Run is a tributary of Green Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long and flows through Greenwood Township. The stream's watershed has an area of 13.3 square miles and is located in Greenwood Township, Orange Township, and Mount Pleasant Township. The stream is in the ridge and valley physiographic province. Its annual load of sediment is . The Kramer Covered Bridge crosses the stream.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Konrad Adenauer Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Konrad Adenauer Bridge (in German: Konrad-Adenauer-Br\u00fccke) is one of two road bridges crossing the Rhine between the German cities of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen am Rhein. The other bridge is the Kurt Schumacher Bridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dartford Crossing", "paragraph_text": "The Dartford-Thurrock River Crossing, commonly known as the Dartford Crossing and until 1991 the Dartford Tunnel, is a major road crossing of the River Thames in England, carrying the A282 road between Dartford in Kent in the south and Thurrock in Essex in the north. It consists of two bored tunnels and the cable-stayed Queen Elizabeth II Bridge. The only fixed road crossing of the Thames east of Greater London, it is the busiest estuarial crossing in the United Kingdom, with an average daily use of over 130,000 vehicles. It opened in stages: the west tunnel in 1963, the east tunnel in 1980 and the bridge in 1991. The crossing, although not officially designated a motorway, is considered part of the M25 motorway's route, using the tunnels northbound and bridge southbound. Described as one of the most important road crossings in Britain, it suffers from heavy traffic and congestion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Blackfriars Railway Bridge", "paragraph_text": "Blackfriars Railway Bridge is a railway bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and the Millennium Bridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Marquette\u2013Joliet Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Marquette\u2013Joliet Bridge is a bridge crossing the Mississippi River, connecting Marquette, Iowa and Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. Local residents refer to the bridge as the Prairie Bridge or the Marquette Bridge; both terms are used equally.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Petroleum Street Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Petroleum Street Bridge is a girder bridge connecting the North Side and South Side neighborhoods of Oil City, Pennsylvania and crosses the Allegheny River. The bridge sits just downstream from the confluence of Oil Creek and the Allegheny River. The 1995 structure carries two lanes of U.S. Route 62 and was built during a decade of major refurbishments of Upper Allegheny crossings. Previously, a 1910 truss bridge stood on the site; this structure replaced an earlier wooden bridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Delaware Memorial Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Delaware Memorial Bridge is a twin suspension bridge crossing the Delaware River. The toll bridges carry Interstate 295 and U.S. Route 40 between Delaware and New Jersey. The bridge was designed by the firm known today as HNTB with consulting help from engineer Othmar Ammann, whose other designs include the Walt Whitman Bridge (which is similar in appearance, except for the fact that it is a single span) and Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge. It is also one of only two crossings of the Delaware River with both U.S. Highway and Interstate Highway designations, the other being the Benjamin Franklin Bridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Ledyard Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Ledyard Bridge crosses the Connecticut River to connect Hanover, New Hampshire to Norwich, Vermont. It is the third bridge at this crossing to bear the name of the adventurer John Ledyard.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Wami Bridge", "paragraph_text": "Wami Bridge is a bridge in Tanzania that crosses the Wami River. It lies on the A14 highway between Chalinze and Segera junctions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Taemas Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Taemas Bridge is a two-lane road bridge crossing the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales, Australia. The bridge crosses on the river just before it enters Lake Burrinjuck, which has been created by the Burrinjuck Dam. The bridge is a key part of the road between Yass and Wee Jasper, and from there, to Tumut. The bridge is around 26 kilometres from Yass and 22 kilometres from Wee Jasper. The current bridge was completed in 1931 and is over 200 metres in length.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Saint-Maurice River", "paragraph_text": "The Saint-Maurice River (Atikamekw: \"Tapiskwan sipi\") flows North to South in central Quebec from Gouin Reservoir to empty into the Saint Lawrence River at Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. From its source at Gouin Reservoir, located at the same latitude as the Lac Saint-Jean, the river has a total drop of about 405 meters, to finally reach the St. Lawrence river at Trois-Rivi\u00e8res. The river is 563\u00a0km in length and has a drainage basin of 43,300\u00a0km\u00b2 (16,700 sq.miles). Saint-Maurice river is one of the most important tributaries of the St. Lawrence river.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Hochdonn High Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Hochdonn High Bridge (\"Hochbr\u00fccke Hochdonn\" in German) is a railway bridge in the Marsh Railway crossing the Kiel Canal near Hochdonn, Germany. It is a riveted steel bridge, \"exposed to extreme railway traffic\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Napan River", "paragraph_text": "The Napan River in Canada is a tributary of the Miramichi River in New Brunswick, Canada. The river rises several kilometres southwest of Chatham in central Northumberland County and flows northeast into the Miramichi River at Napan Bay. Four bridges cross the river at various points: at Hannah Lane, Highway 11, Johnston Lane, and Highway 117. There was also once a crossing at White Lane. At one time, these bridges were covered, although all have been upgraded to steel and concrete structures.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Nelson River", "paragraph_text": "Fort Nelson, a historic Hudson's Bay Company trading post, was at the mouth of the Nelson River at Hudson Bay and was a key trading post in the early 18th century. After his pivotal role in establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, Pierre Esprit Radisson, noted French explorer, was chief director of trade at Fort Nelson during one of his sustained periods of service to England. Today, Fort Nelson no longer exists. Port Nelson, the abandoned shipping port, remains on the opposite side of the river mouth on Hudson Bay.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Kichi Sipi Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Kichi Sipi Bridge spans a deep channel of the Nelson River south of Cross Lake, providing the only all-weather road link between eastern Manitoba and the rest of Canada and North America. Its origins are unusual and its technology innovative. At 850 feet, it is the second longest road bridge in Manitoba.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Werra Viaduct, Hedem\u00fcnden", "paragraph_text": "The Werra viaducts near Hedem\u00fcnden, Germany are two bridges crossing the valley of the river Werra. They are located in southern Lower Saxony and provide crossings for the A 7 motorway and the Hanover-W\u00fcrzburg high-speed rail line. The bridges are located 33 metres apart from each other.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Of which river is the river Kichi Sipi Bridge crosses a tributary?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 742831, "question": "Kichi Sipi Bridge >> crosses", "answer": "Nelson River", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 156034, "question": "What is #1 a tributary of?", "answer": "Hudson's Bay", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Hudson's Bay", "answer_aliases": ["Hudson Bay", "HB"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1769}
{"id": "2hop__50910_177869", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "S\u00f8r-Tr\u00f8ndelag (newspaper)", "paragraph_text": "S\u00f8r-Tr\u00f8ndelag is a local online and print newspaper published in Orkanger, Norway. It covers the municipalities of Orkdal, Skaun, Agdenes, Snillfjord, Hemne, Meldal og Rennebu in S\u00f8r-Tr\u00f8ndelag and Rindal. Published in tabloid format, the newspaper had a circulation of 6,805 in 2013. The newspaper is owned by Polaris Media. It has five weekly issues, on Mondays through Saturdays. The newspaper was founded in 1908 as S\u00f8ndre Trondhjems Amtstidende.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "La Stampa", "paragraph_text": "La Stampa (meaning \"The Press\" in English) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin, Italy. It is distributed in Italy and other European nations. It is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Le Mauricien", "paragraph_text": "Le Mauricien is a French-language newspaper, based and distributed in Mauritius. The newspaper, founded in 1908, is released daily and is one of the most read in Mauritius. The publishers, Le Mauricien Ltd., also publish \"Week-End\", \"Week-End Scope\" and \"Turf Magazine\". It is an independent newspaper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Glen Froseth", "paragraph_text": "Glen A. Froseth (born January 24, 1934) is an American politician in the state of North Dakota. He is a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives, representing the 4th district. A Republican, he was first elected in 1992. He is an alumnus of the North Dakota State College of Science and former newspaper publisher. Devlin is a former president of the North Dakota Newspaper Association.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "NRC Handelsblad", "paragraph_text": "NRC Handelsblad (), often abbreviated to NRC, is a daily evening newspaper published in the Netherlands by NRC Media. It is generally accepted as the country's newspaper of record.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sunday Mercury (New York)", "paragraph_text": "The Sunday Mercury (1839\u20131896) (sometimes referred to as the New York Sunday Mercury) was a weekly Sunday newspaper published in New York City that grew to become the highest-circulation weekly newspaper (at least by its own claims) in the United States at its peak. It was known for publishing and popularizing the work of many notable 19th-century writers, including Charles Farrar Browne and Robert Henry Newell, and was the first Eastern paper to publish Mark Twain. It was also the first newspaper to provide regular coverage of baseball, and was popular for the extensive war correspondence from soldiers it published during the Civil War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nieuwsblad van het Noorden", "paragraph_text": "The Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (; \"Newspaper of the North\") is a former regional daily newspaper from the city of Groningen in the Netherlands. It was published from 1888 to 2002, when it was merged with the \"Groninger Dagblad\" and the \"Drentse Courant\" into the \"Dagblad van het Noorden\", which published its first edition on 2 April 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Journal de l'\u00eele de La R\u00e9union", "paragraph_text": "Journal de l'\u00eele de La R\u00e9union is a daily, French-language newspaper published in R\u00e9union, a French overseas department. The newspaper, which was founded in 1951 is headquartered in Saint-Denis, R\u00e9union, is owned by Groupe Hersant M\u00e9dia. There are four competing newspapers in R\u00e9union.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Globe and Mail", "paragraph_text": "The Globe and Mail is a Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in western and central Canada. With a weekly readership of 2,018,923 in 2015, it is Canada's most widely read newspaper on weekdays and Saturdays, although it falls slightly behind the Toronto Star in overall weekly circulation because the Star publishes a Sunday edition while the Globe does not. The Globe and Mail is regarded by some as Canada's ``newspaper of record ''. The newspaper is owned by The Woodbridge Company, based in Toronto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Herald-Press (Harvey, North Dakota)", "paragraph_text": "The Herald-Press is a weekly newspaper published in Harvey, North Dakota in the United States. It was founded in 1985 by Charles Eldredge, who merged the \"Harvey Herald\" with the \"Wells County Free Press\" of Fessenden. Eldredge retired in 2001. The paper's circulation is around 2,100.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Helen Pitts Douglass", "paragraph_text": "Helen Pitts Douglass (1838\u20131903) was an American suffragist and abolitionist, known for being the second wife of Frederick Douglass. She also created the Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Ukrainian Association of Press Publishers", "paragraph_text": "The Ukrainian Association of Press Publishers is the first independent union of publishers in Ukraine, which declared its commitment to advocacy and support of publishing business. The mission of UAPP is to unite publishers of newspapers and magazines in order to create newspaper market based on civilized principles and develop the publishing business by lobbying the common interest and qualified service for every member of Association.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "El Acil", "paragraph_text": "El Acil (), meaning \"The Authentic\", is an Algerian daily newspaper in French language published in Constantine, capital of the north-east of Algeria. The newspaper was established in 1993. It belongs to the EURL Inter-Med-Info group, which owns the Arabic \"Al Acil\" and \"L'Authentic\", another French-language newspaper. \"El Acil\"\u2032s manager is Nacer Tafraout, and the editor is Abdelkrim Zerzouri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "De Krant", "paragraph_text": "Maandblad de Krant (formerly de Hollandse Krant) is a monthly magazine for Dutch immigrants in Canada and the United States. Since April 2008 it has been published by Mokeham Publishing Inc. First in Penticton, British Columbia, in 2013 the publishing firm relocated to Oakville, Ontario. Previously it was published by the Timmer Publishing Company in Langley. Maandblad de Krant is also known to its readers as De Krant, which is Dutch for \"the Newspaper\". It is printed in a tabloid newspaper format and is the only North American publication that caters to Dutch immigrants. De Krant has a monthly column in West Frisian, covering a quarter page. It is the only publication in North America that publishes original material in the West Frisian language.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Hicky's Bengal Gazette", "paragraph_text": "Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser was an English language weekly newspaper published in Kolkata (then Calcutta), the capital of British India. It was the first newspaper printed in Asia, and was published for two years, before the East India Company seized the newspaper's types and printing press. Founded by James Augustus Hicky, a highly eccentric Irishman who had previously spent two years in jail for debt, the newspaper was a strong critic of the administration of the Governor General Warren Hastings. The newspaper was important for its provocative journalism well before its time and its fight for free expression in India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Haarlems Dagblad", "paragraph_text": "The Haarlems Dagblad is a regional newspaper in Haarlem, Netherlands. It makes claim to being the newspaper with the oldest publishing history in the world, even if this claim is based on its (forced) merger with another title.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Cambodge Soir", "paragraph_text": "Cambodge Soir was a weekly newspaper published in Cambodia and it was the most important French language Cambodian newspaper of the country. It was edited in Phnom Penh and distributed in different Cambodian provinces, among French speaking foreigners and Cambodians. The newspaper closed down in 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Susan Paul", "paragraph_text": "Susan Paul (1809\u20131841) was an African-American abolitionist from Boston, Massachusetts. A primary school teacher and member of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, Paul also wrote the first biography of an African American published in the United States. The book, \"Memoir of James Jackson\", was published in 1835.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Plumbers Don't Wear Ties", "paragraph_text": "Plumbers Don't Wear Ties is an adult-oriented \"romantic comedy\" graphic adventure game/dating sim developed and published by Kirin Entertainment for the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer. Although the game did have a PC version, it had very limited distribution and was published by United Pixtures itself. The game stars Edward J. Foster and Jeanne Basone as John and Jane, two people who are being pressured by their respective parents to go out and find a spouse. The player's task is to get John and Jane together.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The North Star (anti-slavery newspaper)", "paragraph_text": "The North Star was a nineteenth - century anti-slavery newspaper published from the Talman Building in Rochester, New York by abolitionist Frederick Douglass. The paper commenced publication on December 3, 1847 and ceased as The North Star in June 1851 when it merged with Gerrit Smith's Liberty Party Paper (based in Syracuse, New York) to form Frederick Douglass' Paper. The North Star's slogan was ``Right is of no Sex -- Truth is of no Color -- God is the Father of us all, and we are all Brethren. ''", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who married the publisher of abolitionist newspaper The North Star?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 50910, "question": "who published the abolitionist newspaper the north star", "answer": "Frederick Douglass", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 177869, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Helen Pitts Douglass", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "Helen Pitts Douglass", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1766}
{"id": "2hop__82270_177869", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "African-American candidates for President of the United States", "paragraph_text": "In 1888 Frederick Douglass was invited to speak at the Republican National Convention. Afterward during the roll call vote, he received one vote, so was nominally a candidate for the presidency. In those years, the candidates for the presidency and vice presidency were chosen by state representatives voting at the nominating convention. Many decisions were made by negotiations of state and party leaders ``behind closed doors. ''Douglass was not a serious candidate in contemporary terms.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Geraldine Ferraro", "paragraph_text": "Geraldine Anne ``Gerry ''Ferraro (August 26, 1935 -- March 26, 2011) was an American attorney and Democratic Party politician who served in the United States House of Representatives. In 1984, she was the first female vice presidential candidate representing a major American political party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "2008 United States Senate elections", "paragraph_text": "Going into these elections, the Senate consisted of 49 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and two Independents who caucused with the Democrats, giving the Democratic caucus the slightest 51 - 49 majority. Of the seats up for election in 2008, 23 were held by Republicans and 12 by Democrats. The Republicans, who openly conceded early on that they would n't be able to regain the majority in 2008, lost eight seats. This election was the second cycle in a row in which no seats switched from Democratic to Republican. In addition, this was the largest Democratic Senate gain since 1986, when they also won eight seats. These elections marked the first time since 1964 in which a Democratic presidential candidate won the White House with Senate coattails. Finally, 2008 was the first presidential election year since 1948 in which Senate Class 2 saw net gains for the winning presidential candidate's party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Pinckneyville, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Pinckneyville is a city in and the county seat of Perry County, Illinois, United States. The population was 5,464 at the 2000 census. It is named for Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, an early American diplomat and presidential candidate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Vitaliy Kononov", "paragraph_text": "Vitaly Mykolayovych Kononov (; born 2 April 1950 in Kobuleti, Adjara) was a candidate in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, nominated by the Green Party of Ukraine, which he then chaired. He was a national deputy of Ukraine, and been concerned with issues such as youth politics, physical training and sport. Since 1999, he has been a member of the Board of Ukrainian-wide union of democratic forces \"Consent\". He was also a presidential candidate in 1999, receiving 0.29% of the votes and finished 11th of 13 candidates.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "2006 French Socialist Party presidential primary", "paragraph_text": "The Socialist Party presidential primary of 2006 was the selection process by which members of the Socialist Party of France chose their candidate for the 2007 French presidential election. In a nationwide vote on 16 November 2006, members of the party chose S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal over Dominique Strauss-Kahn and Laurent Fabius, making Royal the first female nominee of a major party for the office of President of France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "2020 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2020, scheduled for Tuesday, November 3, 2020, will be the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will either elect a new president and vice president through the electoral college or re-elect the incumbents. The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are likely to be held during the first six months of 2020. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots selecting a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "United States presidential nominating convention", "paragraph_text": "In 1831 the Anti-Masonic Party convened in Baltimore, Maryland to select a single presidential candidate agreeable to the whole party leadership in the 1832 presidential election. The National Republican and Democratic Parties soon followed suit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1968 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "Incumbent Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson had been the early front - runner for his party's nomination, but he announced his withdrawal from the race after anti-Vietnam War candidate Eugene McCarthy finished second in the New Hampshire primary. McCarthy, former Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, and Vice President Humphrey emerged as the three major candidates in the Democratic primaries until Kennedy was assassinated in June 1968. Humphrey won the presidential nomination at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, which saw numerous anti-war protests. Nixon entered the 1968 Republican primaries as the front - runner, and he defeated Nelson Rockefeller, Ronald Reagan, and other candidates at the 1968 Republican National Convention to win his party's nomination. Governor George Wallace of Alabama ran on the American Independent Party ticket, campaigning in favor of racial segregation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jack Fellure", "paragraph_text": "Lowell Jackson Fellure (born October 3, 1931) is an American perennial political candidate and retired engineer. He was the presidential nominee of the Prohibition Party for the 2012 presidential election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "1824 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825. The election was the only one in history to be decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote. It was also the first U.S. presidential election where the popular vote was recorded, and the only presidential election in which the candidate who received a plurality of electoral votes (Andrew Jackson) did not become President, a source of great bitterness for Jackson and his supporters, who proclaimed the election of Adams a corrupt bargain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Frank Orren Lowden", "paragraph_text": "Frank Orren Lowden (January 26, 1861 \u2013 March 20, 1943) was a Republican Party politician who served as the 25th Governor of Illinois and as a United States Representative from Illinois. He was also a candidate for the Republican presidential nominations in 1920 and 1928.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Leonard Shayo", "paragraph_text": "Leonard Shayo (born 1948) is a Tanzanian politician and member of the Demokrasia Makini party. Running as the party's presidential candidate in the 14 December 2005 elections, Shayo placed ninth out of ten candidates, receiving 0.15% of the vote.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "2008 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2008 was the 56th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 4, 2008. The Democratic ticket of Barack Obama, a Senator from Illinois, and Joe Biden, a long - time Senator from Delaware, defeated the Republican ticket of Senator John McCain of Arizona and Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska. Obama became the first African American ever to be elected as president.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "African-American candidates for President of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Major party, African American candidates for President of the United States could not run in primaries until nearly the third quarter of the 20th century, after the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1964) and Voting Rights Act (1965) opened up political participation to blacks in the South. Also, party changes to give more weight to candidates' performance in primaries, rather than to party leaders' negotiation in secret, opened up the fields. In 2008, Senator Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States, the first African American to win the office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Matilde Zimmermann", "paragraph_text": "Matilde Zimmermann (born September 6, 1943) is an American author and professor who ran as the Socialist Workers Party candidate for United States Vice President in 1980. The party had three different Presidential candidates that year, Andrew Pulley, Richard H. Congress and Clifton DeBerry depending on the state. She was at the time a writer for the party newspaper \"The Militant\". Zimmermann also ran as an alternate vice presidential candidate for Andrea Gonzales in some states in 1984; Melvin T. Mason was the presidential candidate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "2000 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2000 was the 54th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. Republican candidate George W. Bush, the Governor of Texas and the eldest son of the 41st President George H.W. Bush, narrowly defeated Democratic nominee Al Gore, the incumbent vice president. It was the fourth of five presidential elections in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "David Dacko", "paragraph_text": "David Dacko (; 24 March 1930 \u2013 20 November 2003) was a Central African politician who served as the 1st President of the Central African Republic from 14 August 1960 to 1 January 1966, and 3rd President from 21 September 1979 to 1 September 1981. After his second removal from power in a \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" led by General Andr\u00e9 Kolingba, he pursued an active career as an opposition politician and presidential candidate with many loyal supporters; Dacko was an important political figure in the country for over 50 years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Helen Pitts Douglass", "paragraph_text": "Helen Pitts Douglass (1838\u20131903) was an American suffragist and abolitionist, known for being the second wife of Frederick Douglass. She also created the Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Ron Ehrenreich", "paragraph_text": "Ron Ehrenreich (born 1950) is an American credit union officer and teacher. He was the Vice-Presidential candidate for the Socialist Party USA in the 1988 United States presidential election, as the running mate of Willa Kenoyer. The ticket received 3,882 votes, 2,587 of the votes came from New Jersey. He has been the treasurer of the Syracuse Cooperative Federal Credit Union since its opening in 1982. He later ran as a Green Party candidate for Onondaga County, New York Comptroller in 1999. Ron is married to Sondra Roth, and has two children, Hanah and Sam.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the spouse of the first nominated African American presidential candidate?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 82270, "question": "who was the first african american presidential candidate nominated", "answer": "Frederick Douglass", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 177869, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Helen Pitts Douglass", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "Helen Pitts Douglass", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1880}
{"id": "2hop__76314_177869", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Texar's Revenge, or, North Against South", "paragraph_text": "Texar's Revenge, or, North Against South () is the full title of the English translation of the novel written by the French science-fiction author Jules Verne, and centers on the story of James Burbank, an antislavery northerner living near Jacksonville, Florida, and Texar, a pro-slavery southerner who holds a vendetta against Burbank. Originally published in France in 1887, the book received a tepid reaction upon its release in the United States, partly because of Verne's inexpertise regarding some details of the American Civil War, and has since fallen into obscurity compared to many of Verne's other works.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Modern Slavery Act 2015", "paragraph_text": "The Modern Slavery Act 2015 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is designed to tackle slavery in the UK and consolidates previous offences relating to trafficking and slavery. The act extends to England and Wales. The bill was introduced to the House of Commons in draft form in October 2013 by James Brokenshire, Parliamentary Under Secretary for Crime and Security. The bill's sponsors in the Home Office were Theresa May and Lord Bates. It received Royal Assent and became law on 26 March 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jos\u00e9 Ortega Spottorno", "paragraph_text": "Jos\u00e9 Ortega Spottorno (November 13, 1916 \u2013 February 18, 2002) was a Spanish journalist and publisher. Born in Madrid to famous philosopher Jos\u00e9 Ortega y Gasset and Rosa Spottorno Topete, Jos\u00e9 Ortega Spottorno was the founder of affordable paperback publishing firm Alianza Editorial and the Spanish daily newspaper \"El Pa\u00eds\", which quickly became the bestselling Spanish newspaper, a crown it holds to this day. He was survived by his wife, Simone Ortega, and three children, one of whom works as a journalist for \"El Pa\u00eds\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Enos Bronson", "paragraph_text": "Enos Bronson (March 31, 1774\u2013April 22, 1823) was an American writer and newspaper publisher. A graduate of Yale College, he became the first head of the newly founded Deerfield Academy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Courrier International", "paragraph_text": "Courrier International is a Paris-based French weekly newspaper which translates and publishes excerpts of articles from over 900 international newspapers. It also has a Portuguese and a Japanese edition. \"Courrier Japon\" was launched on 17 November 2005 and is published by Kodansha Limited.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Charles Chauncey Burr", "paragraph_text": "Charles Chauncey Burr (1817\u20131883) was an American journalist, author, and publisher. A native of Maine, he became an intimate friend of Edgar Allan Poe and his family, and published a number of magazines and newspapers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Thomas S. Hinde", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Spottswood Hinde (April 19, 1785 \u2013 February 9, 1846) was an American newspaper editor, opponent of slavery, author, historian, real estate investor, Methodist minister and a founder of the city of Mount Carmel, Illinois. Members of the Hinde family were prominent in Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and Illinois. His sons Charles T. Hinde became a shipping magnate and Edmund C. Hinde an adventurer. He was the father-in-law of judge Charles H. Constable.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "William Cooper Nell", "paragraph_text": "William Cooper Nell (December 16, 1816 \u2013 May 25, 1874) was an African-American abolitionist, journalist, publisher, author, and civil servant of Boston, Massachusetts, who worked for integration of schools and public facilities in the state. Writing for abolitionist newspapers \"The Liberator\" and \"The North Star\", he helped publicize the anti-slavery cause. He published the \"North Star\" from 1847 to 18xx, moving temporarily to Rochester, New York.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Yosef Sprinzak", "paragraph_text": "Sprinzak was elected to the position of speaker of the provisional parliament on 15 July 1948, a role in which he helped lay the foundations of Israel's parliamentarism. He was elected to the first Knesset in 1949 as a member of Mapai, and became the Speaker of the new body. He was re-elected and remained speaker in both the second and third Knessets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ukrainian Association of Press Publishers", "paragraph_text": "The Ukrainian Association of Press Publishers is the first independent union of publishers in Ukraine, which declared its commitment to advocacy and support of publishing business. The mission of UAPP is to unite publishers of newspapers and magazines in order to create newspaper market based on civilized principles and develop the publishing business by lobbying the common interest and qualified service for every member of Association.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Hazel Miner", "paragraph_text": "After her death, she became a national American heroine. Her actions were celebrated in a folk ballad and were published in many newspaper and magazine articles in the subsequent decades.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Cambodge Soir", "paragraph_text": "Cambodge Soir was a weekly newspaper published in Cambodia and it was the most important French language Cambodian newspaper of the country. It was edited in Phnom Penh and distributed in different Cambodian provinces, among French speaking foreigners and Cambodians. The newspaper closed down in 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Hicky's Bengal Gazette", "paragraph_text": "Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser was an English language weekly newspaper published in Kolkata (then Calcutta), the capital of British India. It was the first newspaper printed in Asia, and was published for two years, before the East India Company seized the newspaper's types and printing press. Founded by James Augustus Hicky, a highly eccentric Irishman who had previously spent two years in jail for debt, the newspaper was a strong critic of the administration of the Governor General Warren Hastings. The newspaper was important for its provocative journalism well before its time and its fight for free expression in India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "NRC Handelsblad", "paragraph_text": "NRC Handelsblad (), often abbreviated to NRC, is a daily evening newspaper published in the Netherlands by NRC Media. It is generally accepted as the country's newspaper of record.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Bergensposten", "paragraph_text": "Bergensposten is a defunct newspaper published in Bergen, Norway from 1 March 1854 until 1893 when it merged with \"Bergens Tidende\". The editor at the start was Johannes Steen who later became prime minister of Norway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "African Meeting House", "paragraph_text": "The fa\u00e7ade of the African Meeting House is an adaptation of a design for a townhouse published by Boston architect Asher Benjamin. In addition to its religious and educational activities, the meeting house became a place for celebrations and political and anti-slavery meetings. The African Meeting House was remodeled by the congregation in the 1850s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Roy MacSkimming", "paragraph_text": "Born in Ottawa, Ontario and educated at the University of Toronto, MacSkimming broke into book publishing in 1964 at Clarke, Irwin and later co-founded New Press, one of Canada's leading small presses of the 1970s. He has been books editor and literary columnist at \"The Toronto Star\", and has contributed to a number of newspapers and periodicals, including \"The Globe and Mail\", \"The Ottawa Citizen\", \"Maclean's\" and \"Saturday Night\". MacSkimming has served as publishing officer with the Canada Council for the Arts, and policy director of the Association of Canadian Publishers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Helen Pitts Douglass", "paragraph_text": "Helen Pitts Douglass (1838\u20131903) was an American suffragist and abolitionist, known for being the second wife of Frederick Douglass. She also created the Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Le Mauricien", "paragraph_text": "Le Mauricien is a French-language newspaper, based and distributed in Mauritius. The newspaper, founded in 1908, is released daily and is one of the most read in Mauritius. The publishers, Le Mauricien Ltd., also publish \"Week-End\", \"Week-End Scope\" and \"Turf Magazine\". It is an independent newspaper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The North Star (anti-slavery newspaper)", "paragraph_text": "The North Star was a nineteenth - century anti-slavery newspaper published from the Talman Building in Rochester, New York by abolitionist Frederick Douglass. The paper commenced publication on December 3, 1847 and ceased as The North Star in June 1851 when it merged with Gerrit Smith's Liberty Party Paper (based in Syracuse, New York) to form Frederick Douglass' Paper. The North Star's slogan was ``Right is of no Sex -- Truth is of no Color -- God is the Father of us all, and we are all Brethren. ''", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who was the spouse of a leading speaker against slavery and publisher of an antislavery newspaper?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 76314, "question": "who became a leading speaker against slavery and publisher of an antislavery newspaper", "answer": "Frederick Douglass", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 177869, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Helen Pitts Douglass", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Helen Pitts Douglass", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1623}
{"id": "2hop__401710_456439", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Milan, New Orleans", "paragraph_text": "Milan is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. A sub-district of the Central City/Garden District Area, its boundaries as defined by the City Planning Commission are: South Claiborne Avenue to the north, Toledano Street and Louisiana Avenue to the east, St. Charles Avenue to the south, and Napoleon Avenue to the west.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Gallant Fox", "paragraph_text": "Gallant Fox, a bay horse with a white blaze, was foaled at Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky, and was one of many leading American racehorses sired by the French-bred stallion Sir Gallahad III. His dam was the mare Marguerite, who also produced Gallant Fox's full brother Fighting Fox, whose wins included the Grand Union Hotel Stakes, the Wood Memorial Stakes, and the Carter Handicap. Owned by the Belair Stud of Collington, Maryland, Gallant Fox was trained by \"Sunny Jim\" Fitzsimmons and ridden in his major victories by Earl Sande.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mar\u00eda Dolores Ortega Tzitzihua", "paragraph_text": "Mar\u00eda Dolores Luc\u00eda Ortega Tzitzihua (born 15 September 1956) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. In 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Veracruz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ellen Dickson", "paragraph_text": "Ellen Dickson (18194 July 1878) was an English composer who also used the pseudonym Dolores Dickson. She was born in Woolwich, England and died in Lyndhurst, England.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Soldiers of Pancho Villa", "paragraph_text": "The Soldiers of Pancho Villa () is a 1959 Mexican epic historical drama film co-written, produced, and directed by Ismael Rodr\u00edguez, inspired by the popular Mexican Revolution corrido \"La Cucaracha\". It stars Mar\u00eda F\u00e9lix and Dolores del R\u00edo in the lead roles, and features Emilio Fern\u00e1ndez, Antonio Aguilar, Flor Silvestre, and Pedro Armend\u00e1riz in supporting roles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Waiting for the Messiah", "paragraph_text": "Waiting for the Messiah () is a 2000 Argentine, Spanish, and Italian comedy drama film directed by Daniel Burman. The film features Daniel Hendler, Enrique Pi\u00f1eyro, H\u00e9ctor Alterio, Melina Petriella, Stefania Sandrelli, Imanol Arias and Dolores Fonzi, among others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dolores, Colorado", "paragraph_text": "The Town of Dolores is a Statutory Town in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 936 at the 2010 census. It is one of three incorporated municipalities in the county.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dolores, Tolima", "paragraph_text": "Dolores is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia. The population of the municipality was 9,680 as of the 1993 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dolores Claiborne (film)", "paragraph_text": "Dolores Claiborne is a 1995 American psychological thriller drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Kathy Bates, Jennifer Jason Leigh, and David Strathairn. It is based on the novel of the same name by Stephen King. The plot focuses on the strained relationship between a mother and her daughter, largely told through flashbacks, after her daughter arrives to her remote hometown on a Maine island where her mother has been accused of murdering the elderly woman for whom she cared.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Millard Webb", "paragraph_text": "Millard Webb (6 December 1893 \u2013 21 April 1935), was an American screenwriter and director. He directed 20 films between 1920 and 1933. His best-known film is the 1926 silent John Barrymore adventure \"The Sea Beast\", a version of \"Moby Dick\", costarring Dolores Costello. Webb also directed the early sound Florenz Ziegfeld produced talkie \"Glorifying the American Girl\" released by Paramount in 1929. In 1927 he directed \"Naughty But Nice\", produced by John McCormick and First National Pictures. His active years were from 1916 to 1933.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Love Ranch", "paragraph_text": "Love Ranch is a 2010 American drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Helen Mirren, Joe Pesci, Sergio Peris-Mencheta, Gina Gershon and Bryan Cranston. It was written by .", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Clement Claiborne Clay", "paragraph_text": "Clement Claiborne Clay (December 13, 1816 \u2013 January 3, 1882), also known as C. C. Clay, Jr., was a United States Senator (Democrat) from the state of Alabama from 1853 to 1861, and a Confederate States Senator from Alabama from 1862 to 1864. His portrait appeared on the Confederate one-dollar note (4th issue and later).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Arthur B. Hancock", "paragraph_text": "Arthur Boyd Hancock (June 26, 1875 - April 1, 1957) was an American breeder of Thoroughbred racehorses who established the renowned Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Ordinary Day (Dolores O'Riordan song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Ordinary Day\" is the lead single taken from Dolores O'Riordan's debut album, \"Are You Listening?\". The single was the most added AAA track on US radio stations. The single peaked at number two in Italy, number 1 in Croatia and number 10 in Lebanon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Dolores River", "paragraph_text": "The Dolores River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately long, in the U.S. states of Colorado and Utah. The river drains a rugged and arid region of the Colorado Plateau west of the San Juan Mountains. Its name derives from the Spanish \"El Rio de Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de Dolores\", River of Our Lady of Sorrows. The river was explored and possibly named by Juan Maria Antonio Rivera during a 1765 expedition from Santa Fe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Pamela Adlon", "paragraph_text": "Pamela Fionna Adlon (n\u00e9e Segall; born July 9, 1966) is an American actress, voice actress, screenwriter, producer, and director. Adlon voiced Bobby Hill on King of the Hill, for which she won an Emmy Award, and the title character from the Pajama Sam video games. She is also known for playing Dolores in Grease 2 and Ashley Spinelli on the animated series Recess, and for her appearances on Californication and Louie, on which she is also a consulting producer. Adlon currently stars in and writes the FX comedy television series Better Things, which has won a Peabody Award, which she co-created with Louis C.K.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Mar\u00eda Cabrera Mu\u00f1oz", "paragraph_text": "Mar\u00eda Dolores Patricia Cabrera Mu\u00f1oz (born 7 May 1952) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. In 2012 she served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Coahuila.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Dolores River Canyon", "paragraph_text": "The Dolores River Canyon is located in southwestern Colorado, USA, west of the town of Naturita and north of the town of Dove Creek.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Dolores mine", "paragraph_text": "The Dolores mine is a large silver mine located in the north of Mexico in Chihuahua. Dolores represents one of the largest silver reserve in Mexico and in the world having estimated reserves of 75.9 million oz of silver.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Dolores Zohrab Liebmann", "paragraph_text": "Dolores Zohrab Liebmann (January 13, 1896 in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire \u2013 September 15, 1991 in New York City, US) was an American philanthropist of Armenian descent born in the Ottoman Empire. She established the Dolores Zohrab Liebmann Fund, which distributes fellowships to graduate students.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the spouse of the producer of Dolores Claiborne?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 401710, "question": "Dolores Claiborne >> producer", "answer": "Taylor Hackford", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 456439, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Helen Mirren", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "Helen Mirren", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1443}
{"id": "2hop__613959_135844", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Z\u00fcrich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sistema Bibliotecario Consortile Antonio Panizzi", "paragraph_text": "The Sistema Bibliotecario Consortile Antonio Panizzi is a public library system in the Province of Varese, Italy. The system headquarters are in Gallarate. It is named after Sir Anthony Panizzi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Gorakhpur Junction railway station", "paragraph_text": "The North east Gorakhpur Railway Station is located in the city of Gorakhpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of the North Eastern Railway. The station offers Class A railway station facilities. On 6 October 2013, Gorakhpur became the world's longest railway platform, after inauguration of the remodelled Gorakhpur Yard, with a stretch of around 1.34 kilometres (0.84 mi).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Great Wolf Resorts", "paragraph_text": "Black Wolf Lodge was founded in 1997 by brothers Jack and Andrew ``Turk ''Waterman, the original owners of Noah's Ark water park in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. Black Wolf Lodge was purchased by The Great Lakes Company in 1999. Later that year, founders Marc Vaccaro and Bruce Neviaser changed the name to Great Wolf Lodge and the company headquarters were established in Madison, Wisconsin. In 2001, the company built a second location in Sandusky, Ohio, and named it Great Bear Lodge. When a third location opened in 2003, the decision was made to place all future parks under the Great Wolf Lodge banner. The name of the Ohio location was changed to Great Wolf Lodge in 2004. The chain has since added twelve additional locations and has one in development.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Scamander Vallis", "paragraph_text": "Scamander Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Arabia quadrangle of Mars, located at 16 North and 331.5 West. It is 204 km long and was named after an ancient name of a river in Troy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Rusk, Dunn County, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Rusk is an unincorporated community located in the town of Red Cedar, Dunn County, Wisconsin, United States. Rusk is located along Interstate 94 east-northeast of Menomonie. The community was originally named Gates after Milwaukee entrepreneur John L. Gates. In 1905, its name was changed to Rusk after Wisconsin governor Jeremiah M. Rusk.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "HMD Global", "paragraph_text": "HMD were originally based at Building 2 of the Nokia Campus in Karaportti in Espoo, Finland, opposite Nokia Corporation's headquarters. In November 2018, HMD moved to a new premises 3 km (1.9 mi) away in Bertel Jungin aukio, a square named after former Finnish-Swede architect Bertel Jung. The same building also houses TNS Mobile Oy, a subsidiary of FIH Mobile which distributes HMD Global's products. HMD's other main offices are located in London, England; Noida, India and Dubai, UAE.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Harmony Cove", "paragraph_text": "Harmony Cove () is a cove entered between Harmony Point and The Toe on the west side of Nelson Island, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It was named by American sealers in about 1820 after the sealing vessel \"Harmony\", under Captain Thomas Ray, one of several American sealing vessels headquartered at Harmony Cove during the 1820\u201321 season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tolyatti", "paragraph_text": "The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site. In 1964, the city was renamed Tolyatti (after Palmiro Togliatti, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Albeni Falls Dam", "paragraph_text": "Albeni Falls Dam is located on the Pend Oreille River between Oldtown, Idaho, and Priest River, Idaho. It is located on the site of a natural waterfall named Albeni Falls, named after early pioneer Albeni Poirier.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "General Electric", "paragraph_text": "GE is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut. Its main offices are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center in New York City, known now as the Comcast Building. It was formerly known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof; NBC's headquarters and main studios are also located in the building. Through its RCA subsidiary, it has been associated with the center since its construction in the 1930s. GE moved its corporate headquarters from the GE Building on Lexington Avenue to Fairfield in 1974.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Collier Peak", "paragraph_text": "Collier Peak is located on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. It was named in 1903 after Collier, Dr. Joseph.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Alamnagar", "paragraph_text": "Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58\u00a0km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Holt, Australian Capital Territory", "paragraph_text": "Holt (postcode: 2615) is a suburb in the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. It was gazetted on 2 July 1970 and was named after Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia 1966-67. Streets are named after sportsmen and sportswomen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Sch\u00fcrmann-Bau", "paragraph_text": "The Sch\u00fcrmann-Bau is an office building in Bonn, named after its architect Joachim Sch\u00fcrmann. The building houses the headquarters of the Deutsche Welle, after being originally planned for the members of parliament. The construction site was heavily damaged in spring 1993 by a flood of the Rhine. During the construction period there was no flood control installed. Only in 1997, the damaged building was renovated. Estimated costs were 700 million Euros.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Whitehall Court", "paragraph_text": "It was used as Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) headquarters until the end of World War I. A blue plaque in Mansfield Smith-Cumming's name at the SIS headquarters at 2 Whitehall Court was unveiled on 30 March 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Demang Lehman Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Demang Lehman Stadium previously named the stadium Indrasari, is a multi-purpose stadium located in the village of Indra Sari, Martapura, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, which is also the headquarters while (Homebase) football club PS Barito Putera for two seasons ISL and to finish remodeling May 17th Stadium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "GM-AvtoVAZ", "paragraph_text": "GM-AvtoVAZ is a joint venture in Russia between General Motors and AvtoVAZ set up in 2001 and began producing the Chevrolet Niva, based on the Lada Niva, at its factory in Tolyatti from 2002. Though both companies have an equal share of ownership, the venture is managed exclusively by General Motors.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Pazim", "paragraph_text": "Pazim is the second tallest building in Szczecin, Poland, after the St. James cathedral, if including Pazim's spire. It contains twenty-three floors and is 92 meters tall. The building was designed by Milijenko Dumenci\u0107. It is the headquarters of PZM, hence the name.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "John Deere World Headquarters", "paragraph_text": "The John Deere World Headquarters is a complex of four buildings located on 1,400 acres (5.7\u00a0km\u00b2) of land at One John Deere Place, Moline, Illinois, United States. The complex serves as corporate headquarters for John Deere.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the city that AvtoVAZ's headquarters is located in named after?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 613959, "question": "AvtoVAZ >> headquarters location", "answer": "Tolyatti", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 135844, "question": "Whom is #1 named after?", "answer": "Palmiro Togliatti", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "Palmiro Togliatti", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1576}
{"id": "2hop__258940_135844", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "French Algeria", "paragraph_text": "Shortly after Louis Philippe's constitutional monarchy was overthrown in the revolution of 1848, the new government of the Second Republic ended Algeria's status as a colony and declared in the 1848 Constitution the occupied lands an integral part of France. Three civil territories -- Alger, Oran, and Constantine -- were organized as Departments of France (local administrative units) under a civilian government. This made them a part of France proper as opposed to a colony. For the first time, French citizens in the civil territories elected their own councils and mayors; Muslims had to be appointed, could not hold more than one - third of council seats, and could not serve as mayors or assistant mayors. The administration of territories outside the zones settled by colons remained under the French Army. Local Muslim administration was allowed to continue under the supervision of French Army commanders, charged with maintaining order in newly pacified regions, and the bureaux arabes. Theoretically, these areas were closed to European colonization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Adolf Just", "paragraph_text": "Adolf Just (born 8 August 1859, L\u00fcthorst near Dassel, Kingdom of Hanover; died 20 January 1936, Blankenburg (Harz)) was a German naturopath. He was the founder of the sanatorium Jungborn in Eckertal (resin).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Miyako Nanseien Sanatorium", "paragraph_text": "Miyako Nanseien Sanatorium, (National Sanatorium Miyako Nanseien) is a sanatorium for leprosy and ex-leprosy patients at Miyakojima, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, starting in 1931.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Africa", "paragraph_text": "In the late 19th century, the European imperial powers engaged in a major territorial scramble and occupied most of the continent, creating many colonial territories, and leaving only two fully independent states: Ethiopia (known to Europeans as ``Abyssinia ''), and Liberia. Egypt and Sudan were never formally incorporated into any European colonial empire; however, after the British occupation of 1882, Egypt was effectively under British administration until 1922.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sikyona", "paragraph_text": "Sikyona () is a municipality in Corinthia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is in Kiato. Sikyona takes its name from the ancient city Sicyon, which was located in the same territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tolyatti", "paragraph_text": "The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site. In 1964, the city was renamed Tolyatti (after Palmiro Togliatti, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 County", "paragraph_text": "Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (central Transylvania). Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 is the Hungarian name for the T\u00e2rnava Mic\u0103 River. The capital of the county was \"Dics\u0151szentm\u00e1rton\" (now T\u00e2rn\u0103veni).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Ceres Nunataks", "paragraph_text": "The Ceres Nunataks () are a group of three nunataks located immediately east of the base of Shostakovich Peninsula in southern Alexander Island, Antarctica. They were mapped by the Directorate of Overseas Surveys from satellite imagery supplied by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Ceres, one of the asteroids lying between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Holt, Australian Capital Territory", "paragraph_text": "Holt (postcode: 2615) is a suburb in the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. It was gazetted on 2 July 1970 and was named after Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia 1966-67. Streets are named after sportsmen and sportswomen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Lac-Matap\u00e9dia, Quebec", "paragraph_text": "Lac-Matap\u00e9dia is an unorganized territory in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada. It is named after and located on the northern shores of Lake Matapedia in the Matap\u00e9dia Valley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Gera (woreda)", "paragraph_text": "Gera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the former Kingdom of Gera, whose territory was approximately the same as the modern woreda. Part of the Jimma Zone, Gera is bordered on the south by the Gojeb River which separates it from the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the northwest by Sigmo, on the north by Setema, on the northeast by Gomma, and on the east by Seka Chekorsa. The administrative center of this woreda is Chira; other towns in Gera include Cheriko and Dusta.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Lesnoye Sanatorium", "paragraph_text": "Lesnoye Sanatorium () is the oldest medical institution in the city of Tolyatti, Russia. Its main focus is tuberculosis treatment.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Razgrad Municipality", "paragraph_text": "Razgrad Municipality () is a municipality (\"obshtina\") in Razgrad Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located in the Ludogorie geographical region part of the Danubian Plain. It is named after its administrative centre - the city of Razgrad which is also the capital of the province.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Italian Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the city where Lesnoye Sanatorium is located named after?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 258940, "question": "Lesnoye Sanatorium >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Tolyatti", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}, {"id": 135844, "question": "Whom is #1 named after?", "answer": "Palmiro Togliatti", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "Palmiro Togliatti", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2224}
{"id": "2hop__747894_135844", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Gerd Ludwig", "paragraph_text": "Gerd Ludwig (birth name Gerhard Erich Ludwig, born March 17, 1947 in Alsfeld, Hesse, Germany) is a German-American documentary photographer and photojournalist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Adventures of Milo and Otis", "paragraph_text": "The film opens in 1986 on Nippon Farm with a mother cat named Moth Ari who has given birth to kittens. One of the kittens is named Milo (``Chatran ''(\u30c1\u30e3\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3, Chatoran) in the Japanese version), and has a habit of being too curious and getting himself into trouble. He finds a pug - nosed pug puppy named Otis (`` Poosky'' (\u30d7\u30fc\u52a9, P\u016bsuke) in the Japanese version), and they soon become friends. When Milo is playing inside a box floating in the river, he accidentally drifts downstream. Otis runs after Milo. Milo goes on many adventures, escaping one incident after another.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mechtilde of the Blessed Sacrament", "paragraph_text": "Mechtilde of the Blessed Sacrament (birth name Catherine de Bar, 31 December 1614 \u2013 6 April 1698), was born at Saint-Di\u00e9, Lorraine in northeastern France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Li Kening", "paragraph_text": "It is not known where or when Li Kening was born, but it is known that he was Li Keyong's youngest brother and therefore would have been born after 856, when Li Keyong was born. Their father was the ethnic Shatuo general Li Guochang, whose name was originally Zhuye Chixin but was later bestowed the Tang Dynasty imperial clan name of Li and a new name of Guochang, but because Li Kening's birth year is unknown, it is not known whether he would have been born with the name of Li or Zhuye. He was said to be kind and filially pious, and (despite his eventual fate) described to be the most virtuous among Li Keyong's brothers and cousins.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Queen Dong", "paragraph_text": "Queen Dong (17 October 1623 \u2013 30 July 1681), birth name Dong You, posthumous name Chaowu Wangfei, was the princess consort of Koxinga and mother of Zheng Jing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Aklia", "paragraph_text": "Aklia is a small village in the Mansa district of Punjab, India. The village is 24 kilometers from the cities of Mansa and Barnala. There are three gurdwaras situated in the village, as well as a temple and a small mosque. There is an estimated population of 5000 people living in the residence/village of aklia. The birth of the village is usually referenced to as a man whose name was Aklia, he fought to keep the village alive even after the villagers gave up hope.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "According to this narrative, shortly after the birth of young prince Gautama, an astrologer named Asita visited the young prince's father, Suddhodana, and prophesied that Siddhartha would either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man, depending on whether he saw what life was like outside the palace walls.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Priscilla Chan", "paragraph_text": "Chan married Zuckerberg on May 19, 2012, the day after Facebook's stock market launch.On July 31, 2015, Zuckerberg announced that he and Chan were expecting a baby girl. He said he felt confident that the risk of miscarrying was low so far into the pregnancy, after Chan had already had three miscarriages. Chan and Zuckerberg announced the birth of their daughter Maxima Chan Zuckerberg on December 1, 2015. On August 28, 2017, Chan gave birth to their second daughter, whom they named August.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Bizet metro station", "paragraph_text": "Bizet is a station on the Brussels Metro, served by the western branch of line 5. It opened on 10 January 1992 and is named after Place Bizet, under which it is located in the municipality of Anderlecht.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "Calvary as an English name for the place is derived from the Latin word for skull (calvaria), which is used in the Vulgate translation of \"place of a skull\", the explanation given in all four Gospels of the Aramaic word G\u00fblgalt\u00e2 which was the name of the place where Jesus was crucified. The text does not indicate why it was so designated, but several theories have been put forward. One is that as a place of public execution, Calvary may have been strewn with the skulls of abandoned victims (which would be contrary to Jewish burial traditions, but not Roman). Another is that Calvary is named after a nearby cemetery (which is consistent with both of the proposed modern sites). A third is that the name was derived from the physical contour, which would be more consistent with the singular use of the word, i.e., the place of \"a skull\". While often referred to as \"Mount Calvary\", it was more likely a small hill or rocky knoll.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Holmes Summit", "paragraph_text": "Holmes Summit is a peak rising to , the highest elevation in the Read Mountains of the Shackleton Range in Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy in 1967 and was surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey in the period 1968\u201371. In association with the names of geologists grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after Professor Arthur Holmes, after whom the Holmes Hills in Palmer Land were also named.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Tolyatti", "paragraph_text": "The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site. In 1964, the city was renamed Tolyatti (after Palmiro Togliatti, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Michael Gerald Ford", "paragraph_text": "Michael Gerald Ford (born March 14, 1950) is the oldest of four children of U.S. President Gerald R. Ford and Betty Ford. Prior to his birth, Ford's mother wanted to name him after his father. However, Ford's father had always disliked being called \"Junior\" and he refused to \"inflict the nickname on any son.\" The Fords settled on his name as a compromise.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Yang Meng", "paragraph_text": "Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (\u6dee\u5357, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in the Eastern Church and their positioning within the liturgical sequence effectively places the Theotokos in the most prominent place after Christ. Within the Orthodox tradition, the order of the saints begins with: The Theotokos, Angels, Prophets, Apostles, Fathers, Martyrs, etc. giving the Virgin Mary precedence over the angels. She is also proclaimed as the \"Lady of the Angels\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Hackleman Historic District", "paragraph_text": "The Hackleman Historic District in Albany Oregon, was placed on the list of National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1982. The district contains 228 historic properties within about a 28 city blocks area. The district was named after Abner Hackleman who came to Albany in 1845.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Ravil Aryapov", "paragraph_text": "Ravil Velimukhamedovich Aryapov (; born February 1, 1948 in Stavropol, now Tolyatti) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. As of July 2009, he is an assistant coach with the reserve team of FC Krylia Sovetov Samara.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Julia the Younger", "paragraph_text": "Julia the Younger was not a member of the Julian gens by birth: being the daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa made her a \"Vipsania Agrippina\" by birth, although there are no contemporary sources that show that that name was ever used for her. She came to belong to the household of the Julio-Claudian dynasty as she was raised and instructed by her maternal grandfather Augustus. Further, Augustus adopted Tiberius as his son (and heir), while Tiberius was remarried to Julia the Elder. Augustus became something of a \"paternal\" grandfather to Julia the Elder's children, too, including Julia the Younger. A \"formal\" adoption \"in the family of the Caesars\" among the offspring of Agrippa and Julia the Elder is however only recorded regarding Vipsania Julia's brothers Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa\u2014hence Gaius Julius Caesar\u2014and Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa\u2014hence Lucius Julius Caesar. Her younger sister Agrippina the Elder and youngest full brother, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Postumus, were named after their natural father only until Agrippa Postumus was adopted by Augustus as \"Marcus Julius Caesar Agrippa Postumus\". Likewise, her eldest half-sisters, Vipsania Agrippina and Vipsania Marcella, were named after their father. Her younger half-brother, unnamed in contemporary sources, was later sometimes dubbed \"Tiberillus,\" after his father Tiberius, and died young.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Steven Gerrard", "paragraph_text": "Steven Gerrard MBE Gerrard lining up for England at UEFA Euro 2012 Full name Steven George Gerrard Date of birth (1980 - 05 - 30) 30 May 1980 (age 37) Place of birth Whiston, England Height 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Playing position Midfielder Youth career 1989 -- 1998 Liverpool Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 1998 -- 2015 Liverpool 504 (120) 2015 -- 2016 LA Galaxy 34 (5) Total 538 (125) National team 1999 -- 2000 England U21 (1) 2000 -- 2014 England 114 (21) Teams managed 2017 -- Liverpool U18s * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Whom is the birth place of Ravil Aryapov named after?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 747894, "question": "Ravil Aryapov >> place of birth", "answer": "Tolyatti", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 135844, "question": "Whom is #1 named after?", "answer": "Palmiro Togliatti", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "Palmiro Togliatti", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2186}
{"id": "2hop__640262_122868", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "1967: The Last Good Year", "paragraph_text": "1967: The Last Good Year is the original title of a book written by Canadian author Pierre Berton. When it appeared in paperback, the title was changed to 1967: Canada's Turning Point. The book describes events of 1967 in Canada which was the Canadian Centennial.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Rex Chapman", "paragraph_text": "Rex Everett Chapman (born October 5, 1967) is a retired American professional basketball player. Chapman was a college standout at the University of Kentucky and went on to play for four National Basketball Association (NBA) teams through his 12-year career in the league. He later served as the vice president of player personnel with the Denver Nuggets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pierre Berton", "paragraph_text": "Like his father, Pierre Berton worked in Klondike mining camps during his years as a history major at the University of British Columbia, where he also worked on the student paper \"The Ubyssey\". He spent his early newspaper career in Vancouver, where at 21 he was the youngest city editor on any Canadian daily, replacing editorial staff that had been called up during the Second World War.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Cindy Marano", "paragraph_text": "Cindy Marano was born in Philadelphia in 1947. Her family moved frequently due to her father's work, and she attended nine different schools before she graduated high school. She was inspired by her 8th grade teacher and joined the Peace Corps in the 1960s, serving for two years in Ecuador. The work she did in Ecuador with poor women and children affected her deeply, and she would go on to establish a distribution network for the hand-woven goods the women made. She attended Northwestern University for two years. She went on to join the Peace Corps and served two years in Ecuador. She went on to George Mason University where she graduated in 1972 with a degree in English. At the time of her death in 2005 from adenoid cystic carcinoma she lived in Oakland, California.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "One (Harry Nilsson song)", "paragraph_text": "``One ''Single by Harry Nilsson from the album Aerial Ballet B - side`` Sister Marie'' Released 1968 Recorded 1967 Genre Chamber pop Label RCA Songwriter (s) Harry Nilsson Producer (s) Rick Jarrard Harry Nilsson singles chronology ``Good Old Desk ''(1967)`` One'' (1968) ``Everybody's Talkin '''(1968)`` Good Old Desk'' (1967) ``One ''(1968)`` Everybody's Talkin''' (1968)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dave Pietramala", "paragraph_text": "Dave Pietramala (born 1967) is the current Head Coach for the Johns Hopkins University Men's Lacrosse team. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest defensemen in lacrosse history, and is a member of the U.S. Lacrosse Hall of Fame. He is the only person to win an NCAA national championship as both a player and coach, and the only person to be named both player and coach of the year. Born in Hicksville, New York, he went to St. Mary's High School.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "It Must Be Him (song)", "paragraph_text": "New English lyrics (and a new English title) were written by Mack David. The song was published in 1967. The best - selling version of the song was recorded that year by Vikki Carr, which reached number three on the U.S. pop chart and spent three weeks at number one on the easy listening chart. The single peaked at number two in the United Kingdom, spent three weeks at number one in Australia and went to number thirteen in Ireland. Carr went on to record it in Spanish and Italian, as well. Carr's recording was featured in the 1987 Norman Jewison film Moonstruck.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Maxwell House", "paragraph_text": "In 1915 Cheek - Neal began using a ``Good to the last drop ''slogan to advertise their Maxwell House Coffee. For several years, the ads made no mention of Theodore Roosevelt as the phrase's originator. By the 1930s, however, the company was running advertisements that claimed that the former president had taken a sip of Maxwell House Coffee on a visit to Andrew Jackson's estate, The Hermitage, near Nashville on October 21, 1907, and when served coffee, he proclaimed it to be`` good to the last drop''. During this time, Coca - Cola also used the slogan ``Good to the last drop ''. Later, Maxwell House distanced itself from its original claim, admitting that the slogan was written by Clifford Spiller, former president of General Foods Corporation, and did not come from a Roosevelt remark overheard by Cheek - Neal. The phrase remains a registered trademark of the product and appears on its logo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "In 1964, Paul VI created a Secretariat for non-Christians, later renamed the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and a year later a new Secretariat (later Pontifical Council) for Dialogue with Non-Believers. This latter was in 1993 incorporated by Pope John Paul II in the Pontifical Council for Culture, which he had established in 1982. In 1971, Paul VI created a papal office for economic development and catastrophic assistance. To foster common bonds with all persons of good will, he decreed an annual peace day to be celebrated on January first of every year. Trying to improve the condition of Christians behind the Iron Curtain, Paul VI engaged in dialogue with Communist authorities at several levels, receiving Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Nikolai Podgorny in 1966 and 1967 in the Vatican. The situation of the Church in Hungary, Poland and Romania, improved during his pontificate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Curtis Bill Pepper", "paragraph_text": "Curtis Bill Pepper (August 30, 1917 \u2013 April 4, 2014) was an American journalist and author. Pepper was \"Newsweek\"s Mediterranean bureau chief in Rome from 1957 to 1969. He also worked for Edward R. Murrow at the Rome bureau of CBS, and covered the Vatican for United Press. Of his seven books, the last work, \"Leonardo\", was a biographical novel of Leonardo da Vinci. It was conceived in the years following his studies of the Italian Renaissance at the University of Florence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Belinda Chang", "paragraph_text": "Belinda Chang (born 1963) is a Chinese-language author from Taiwan. She graduated from National Taiwan University's Chinese department, and went on to earn a master's degree in performance culture from New York University. After living in the United States for thirteen years, she later relocated to Beijing and then Shanghai.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Margaret Blair Young", "paragraph_text": "Margaret Blair Young (born 1955) is an American author, filmmaker, and writing instructor who taught for thirty years at Brigham Young University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Elephant Walk (Texas A&M)", "paragraph_text": "Elephant Walk is a tradition at Texas A&M University in which the senior class walks around campus to remember the good times they had at Texas A&M. This tradition generally takes place the week before the last regular-season football game, which before A&M's 2012 move to the Southeastern Conference was the Texas (University of Texas at Austin) game. It signifies the last time that the seniors will stand as a part of the 12th Man student corpus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer", "paragraph_text": "National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer National award for contributions to Indian Cinema Awarded for Best Male Playback Singer for feature film for a year Sponsored by Directorate of Film Festivals Formerly called Best Playback Singer of the Year (1967) Reward (s) Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus) \u20b950,000 (US $780) First awarded 1967 Last awarded 2016 Most recent winner Sundarayyar Highlights Total awarded 52 First winner Mahendra Kapoor", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Hans van den Doel (Labour Party)", "paragraph_text": "Johannes \"Hans\" van den Doel (4 April 1937 \u2013 28 March 2012) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from 23 February 1967 until 28 August 1973. A economist and political scientist by occupation. He worked as a professor of political science at the Radboud University Nijmegen from 1973 until 1975 when he became a professor of economics at the University of Amsterdam. In 1981 he suffered a cerebral infarction (cerebral hemorrhage) at the age of 44, he survived but became paralyzed and there was an end to his scientific career. The last 30 years of his life he was largely disabled.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Thin Solid Films", "paragraph_text": "Thin Solid Films is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published 24 times per year by Elsevier. It was established in July 1967. The current editor-in-chief is J.E. Greene (University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Bioscience Horizons", "paragraph_text": "Bioscience Horizons is an online scientific journal which publishes bioscience research. The journal has two aims: a) to publish high-quality research from students, both undergraduate and Masters. b) to enable student authors to directly experience the process of academic publication, as corresponding authors. In 2014, the journal went international, attracting high-quality manuscript submissions from all over the world. Academic reviewers, who are experts in their fields, assess manuscripts as rigorously as they would for other journals. \"Bioscience Horizons\" is published by a consortium of UK universities in partnership with Oxford University Press and was established in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "John Gordy", "paragraph_text": "John Gordy (July 17, 1935 \u2013 January 30, 2009) was an American football offensive guard who played for the Detroit Lions in an eleven-year career that lasted from 1957 to 1967 in the National Football League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Iain Steel", "paragraph_text": "Steel was born in Sabah, Malaysia to a Scottish father and Malaysian mother. He went to Auburn University in the United States and turned professional in 1996. That year, he became the first Malaysian golfer ever to play in The Open Championship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Chevrolet Camaro", "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Camaro is an American automobile manufactured by Chevrolet, classified as a pony car and some versions also as a muscle car. It went on sale on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year and was designed as a competing model to the Ford Mustang. The car shared its platform and major components with the Pontiac Firebird, also introduced for 1967.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What university did the author of 1967: The Last Good Year attend?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 640262, "question": "1967: The Last Good Year >> author", "answer": "Pierre Berton", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 122868, "question": "What is the university where #1 went?", "answer": "University of British Columbia", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}], "answer": "University of British Columbia", "answer_aliases": ["The University of British Columbia"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1969}
{"id": "2hop__632234_122868", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Iain R. Edgar", "paragraph_text": "Iain Edgar (born 1948) is a social anthropologist at Durham University. He is a leading expert in the field of dreams and dreaming, and a specialist in altered states of consciousness and mental health. Starting his career in social work, Edgar received a PhD from the University of Keele, where he studied under Ronnie Frankenberg. His thesis \"Dreamwork, Anthropology and the Caring Professions: A Cultural Approach to Dreamwork\" discusses a wide range of psychodynamic possibilities and develops a method to work with dreams within a professional care environment.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dekha Ek Khwaab", "paragraph_text": "Dekha Ek Khwaab (English: \"Saw A Dream\", Hindi: \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092c) was an Indian soap opera that aired on Sony Entertainment Television India and Sony Entertainment Television Asia. The series premiered on 21 November 2011 and went off air on 2 August 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bioscience Horizons", "paragraph_text": "Bioscience Horizons is an online scientific journal which publishes bioscience research. The journal has two aims: a) to publish high-quality research from students, both undergraduate and Masters. b) to enable student authors to directly experience the process of academic publication, as corresponding authors. In 2014, the journal went international, attracting high-quality manuscript submissions from all over the world. Academic reviewers, who are experts in their fields, assess manuscripts as rigorously as they would for other journals. \"Bioscience Horizons\" is published by a consortium of UK universities in partnership with Oxford University Press and was established in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Institute of technology", "paragraph_text": "There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ko Sung-kuk", "paragraph_text": "During his career as an instructor for the Political Science Department at Korea University, the authorities sentenced Ko Sung-kuk to 3 years of imprisonment, and to a 3-year suspension of teaching license under the National Security Act on November 27, 1986.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Hardwood Dreams", "paragraph_text": "Hardwood Dreams is a 1993 basketball sports documentary written, directed and produced by Michael Tollin and narrated by Wesley Snipes. It follows five Morningside High School (MHS) seniors during their last high school basketball season, as they dream of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Roger Kanet", "paragraph_text": "Roger E. Kanet is an American professor, author and researcher. Before 1994, his work focused mainly on the Cold War, but now he looks at issues of nationalism and Russian foreign policy. He has been the Associate Vice Chancellor and Chair of the Political Science Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Dean of the School of International Studies at the University of Miami.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Belinda Chang", "paragraph_text": "Belinda Chang (born 1963) is a Chinese-language author from Taiwan. She graduated from National Taiwan University's Chinese department, and went on to earn a master's degree in performance culture from New York University. After living in the United States for thirteen years, she later relocated to Beijing and then Shanghai.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Glory Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Glory Johnson (born July 27, 1990) is an American-born Montenegrin basketball forward for the Dallas Wings of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, she went to Webb School Of Knoxville and played collegiately for the University of Tennessee Lady Vols. She represents the Montenegro national team internationally.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "John Darsee", "paragraph_text": "John Darsee obtained his undergraduate education at the University of Notre Dame, then went to medical school at Indiana University, where he received a degree in 1974.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Reed Wickner", "paragraph_text": "Reed Wickner graduated from Cornell University with a B.A. degree in 1962. He then went to medical school at Georgetown University and received his M.D. degree in 1966. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences [(AAAS)], and the American Academy of Microbiology, and has been a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is (as of 2012) Chief of the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics at the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health. His research interests pertain to prions and amyloid diseases.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "The National Dream (book)", "paragraph_text": "The National Dream is a 1970 Canadian non-fiction book by Pierre Berton describing the planning and commencement of the Canadian Pacific Railway between 1871 and 1881.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Emil Haraszti", "paragraph_text": "Emil Haraszti (1885 - 1958) was a Hungarian born French music critic and author. He was a director of the National Conservatory of Music in Budapest and was a scholar at the University of Budapest but lived much of his life in France and publishing in French.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Dream Life of Balso Snell", "paragraph_text": "The Dream Life of Balso Snell is a 1931 novel by American author Nathanael West. West's first novel, it presents a young man's immature and cynical search for meaning in a series of dreamlike encounters inside the entrails of the Trojan Horse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Through the Looking-Glass", "paragraph_text": "Chapter Twelve -- Which dreamed it?: The story ends with Alice recalling the speculation of the Tweedle brothers, that everything may have, in fact, been a dream of the Red King, and that Alice might herself be no more than a figment of his imagination. One final poem is inserted by the author as a sort of epilogue which suggests that life itself is but a dream.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Places I Never Meant to Be", "paragraph_text": "Places I Never Meant to Be is a book edited by Judy Blume and first published in 1999. The book is a collection of short stories written by authors who have been censored or banned in some form in the United States. Sales went to benefit the National Coalition Against Censorship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Marc H. Ellis", "paragraph_text": "Marc H. Ellis (born 1952) is an American author, liberation theologian, and a retired University Professor of Jewish Studies, Professor of History and Director of the Center for Jewish Studies at Baylor University. He is currently visiting professor of several international universities, including the University of Innsbruck, Austria and the United Nations University for Peace, Costa Rica.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Pierre Berton", "paragraph_text": "Like his father, Pierre Berton worked in Klondike mining camps during his years as a history major at the University of British Columbia, where he also worked on the student paper \"The Ubyssey\". He spent his early newspaper career in Vancouver, where at 21 he was the youngest city editor on any Canadian daily, replacing editorial staff that had been called up during the Second World War.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Rex Chapman", "paragraph_text": "Rex Everett Chapman (born October 5, 1967) is a retired American professional basketball player. Chapman was a college standout at the University of Kentucky and went on to play for four National Basketball Association (NBA) teams through his 12-year career in the league. He later served as the vice president of player personnel with the Denver Nuggets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Bob Schmitz", "paragraph_text": "Robert Joseph Schmitz (September 10, 1938 \u2013 June 8, 2004) was an American football linebacker who played professionally in the National Football League for the Pittsburgh Steelers. Schmitz graduated from New Holstein High School in New Holstein, Wisconsin. He then went on to initially attend college at University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, then at Montana State University where he earned a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where did the author of The National Dream go to university?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 632234, "question": "The National Dream >> author", "answer": "Pierre Berton", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 122868, "question": "What is the university where #1 went?", "answer": "University of British Columbia", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "University of British Columbia", "answer_aliases": ["The University of British Columbia"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1431}
{"id": "2hop__849534_122868", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Gideon's Spies", "paragraph_text": "Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad is a 1999 book by Welsh author Gordon Thomas on the Mossad, the Israeli intelligence service.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Untamed City: Carnival of Secrets", "paragraph_text": "Untamed City: Carnival of Secrets, formerly published as \"Carnival of Souls\" is a young adult fantasy novel by author Melissa Marr. It was published by HarperTeen, a division of HarperCollins, in September 2012. Marr has stated that there will be at least one sequel to the book.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Kazimierz Wodzicki", "paragraph_text": "Born to a noble family, and educated, in Poland, he became Professor of Anatomy and Histology at the University College of Agriculture in Warsaw. He and his family fled to England following the German invasion of Poland in 1939, at the beginning of the Second World War, and he went to New Zealand in 1941 as Consul-General for the London-based Polish government-in-exile.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of villages in M\u00f8re og Romsdal", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of villages in M\u00f8re og Romsdal, a county of Norway. The list excludes cities located in M\u00f8re og Romsdal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Peter's Friends", "paragraph_text": "The film follows six friends, members of an acting troupe who graduated from Cambridge University in 1982 and went their separate ways. Ten years later, Peter (Stephen Fry) inherits a large estate from his father, and invites the rest of the gang to spend New Year's holiday with him. Many changes have taken place in all of their lives, but Peter has a secret that will shock them all.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Rosy Wertheim", "paragraph_text": "In 1937, just prior to the start of World War II, she returned to Amsterdam. During the German Occupation, Wertheim gave secret concerts in a cellar where she played music by banned Jewish composers. After September 1942, she went into hiding to escape the Jewish deportations. After the war, Rosy Wertheim taught at the Music School in Laren, but contracted a serious illness and died May 27, 1949, in Laren, the Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lisbeth Longfrock", "paragraph_text": "Lisbeth Longfrock (\"Sidsel Sids\u00e6rk og andre kj\u00e6rringemner \") is a classical work of Norwegian literature, by the author Hans Aanrud, published in 1903. It was translated into English in 1907 by Laura E. Poulsson, and illustrated by Norwegian artist Othar Holmboe. Aanrud's classic novel was translated again in 1935, under the title \"Sidsel Longskirt: A Girl of Norway\". Illustrated by the famed artists Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire, this later translation was produced by The John C. Winston Company of Philadelphia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bai Chunli", "paragraph_text": "Bai's father was a primary school teacher who encouraged Bai to read. In 1966, he went to middle school, graduating with a High School Certificate in 1970, at the time of the Cultural Revolution. After high school he joined the Down to the Countryside Movement with other young people. Bai Chunli worked in the Inner Mongolia production and construction corps for four years. In 1974, after the whole soldiers' secret ballot and the exam, Bai Chunli was recommended to be a student at Peking University graduating in 1978. In 1981 he received a master's degree of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and in 1985 earned a doctor\u2019s degree.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Secret Squirrel", "paragraph_text": "Secret Squirrel is a cartoon character created by Hanna-Barbera and also the name of his segment in \"The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show\", which debuted in 1965. He was given his own show in 1966, but was reunited with Atom Ant for one more season in 1967. Secret first appeared in a prime-time animated special called \"The World of Atom Ant and Secret Squirrel\", which aired on NBC on September 12, 1965. The show's half-hours included three individual cartoon segments: \"Secret Squirrel\", \"Squiddly Diddly\" and \"Winsome Witch\". Some people call him the James Bond of the rodent world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Belinda Chang", "paragraph_text": "Belinda Chang (born 1963) is a Chinese-language author from Taiwan. She graduated from National Taiwan University's Chinese department, and went on to earn a master's degree in performance culture from New York University. After living in the United States for thirteen years, she later relocated to Beijing and then Shanghai.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "The Secret World of Og", "paragraph_text": "The Secret World of Og is a children's novel written by Pierre Berton and illustrated by his daughter Patsy. It was first published in 1961 by McClelland and Stewart.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Dick Ringler", "paragraph_text": "Dick Ringler is an emeritus Professor of English and Scandinavian Studies at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, and is one of the foremost world authorities on Icelandic literature.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Animal Husbandry (game)", "paragraph_text": "Sales of the game were a way for Borsuk to support his family after he lost his job following the closure by the German occupation authorities of Warsaw University. The original sets were produced by hand by Borsuk's wife, Zofia. The author of the drawings of animals was Janina Borsuk n\u00e9e \u015aliwicka. The game was one of the first in the world to feature 12-sided dice.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Gabriel Hauge", "paragraph_text": "Gabriel Hauge was born in Hawley, Minnesota. He was the son of Reverend S\u00f8ren G. Hauge, a Lutheran Minister and an immigrant from Sandane in Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. Hauge earned a B.A. from Concordia College (Minnesota) in 1935, an M.A. from Harvard University in 1938, and his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1947.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Johan Vestly", "paragraph_text": "Johan Vestly illustrated his first book in 1953, and later illustrated most of the books of his wife, Anne-Cath. Vestly. Together with his wife, Johan Vestly twice received the \"Illustrasjonsprisen\" awarded by the Norwegian National Library Authority (\"Statens bibliotektilsyn\"). In 1964, the husband and wife team was honored for \"Knerten gifter seg\" and in 1976 for \"Guro og n\u00f8kkerosene\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Pierre Berton", "paragraph_text": "Like his father, Pierre Berton worked in Klondike mining camps during his years as a history major at the University of British Columbia, where he also worked on the student paper \"The Ubyssey\". He spent his early newspaper career in Vancouver, where at 21 he was the youngest city editor on any Canadian daily, replacing editorial staff that had been called up during the Second World War.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Gordon Welchman", "paragraph_text": "William Gordon Welchman (15 June 1906 \u2013 8 October 1985) was an English mathematician, university professor, Second World War codebreaker at Bletchley Park and author. After the war he moved to the US, and later took American citizenship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Bioscience Horizons", "paragraph_text": "Bioscience Horizons is an online scientific journal which publishes bioscience research. The journal has two aims: a) to publish high-quality research from students, both undergraduate and Masters. b) to enable student authors to directly experience the process of academic publication, as corresponding authors. In 2014, the journal went international, attracting high-quality manuscript submissions from all over the world. Academic reviewers, who are experts in their fields, assess manuscripts as rigorously as they would for other journals. \"Bioscience Horizons\" is published by a consortium of UK universities in partnership with Oxford University Press and was established in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Hermansverk", "paragraph_text": "Hermansverk or Leikanger is a large village in the municipality of Leikanger in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. The village serves as the administrative centre of both the municipality of Leikanger and also Sogn og Fjordane county (although the county capital is usually referred to as Leikanger, not Hermansverk).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Gursken", "paragraph_text": "Gursken is a village in the municipality of Sande in M\u00f8re og Romsdal county in the western part of Norway. The village is situated on Gursk\u00f8ya island in the southwestern part of M\u00f8re og Romsdal. Gursken Church is located here. Neighboring villages are Gjerdsvika and Larsnes. The former Norwegian football player Jan \u00c5ge Fj\u00f8rtoft hails from Gursken.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What university did the author of The Secret World of Og go to?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 849534, "question": "The Secret World of Og >> author", "answer": "Pierre Berton", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 122868, "question": "What is the university where #1 went?", "answer": "University of British Columbia", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}], "answer": "University of British Columbia", "answer_aliases": ["The University of British Columbia"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1634}
{"id": "2hop__83460_456238", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Texian Army", "paragraph_text": "The Texian Army, also known as the Army of Texas and the Army of the People, was a military organization consisting of volunteer and regular soldiers who fought against the Mexican army during the Texas Revolution. Approximately 3,700 men joined the army between October 2, 1835, during the Battle of Gonzales through the end of the war on April 21, 1836, at the Battle of San Jacinto. After gaining independence the Texian Army would be officially known as the Army of the Republic of Texas. In 1846, after the annexation of Texas by the United States, the Army of the Republic of Texas merged with the US Army. Sam Houston became the new commander in chief of the new Texas army.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Canadian Armed Forces", "paragraph_text": "The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces and who, as head of the Armed Forces Council, is in command of the Canadian Forces. The Armed Forces Council generally operates from National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) in Ottawa, Ontario. On the Armed Forces Council sit the heads of Canadian Joint Operations Command and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, and the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations. The sovereign and most other members of the Canadian Royal Family also act as colonels-in-chief, honorary air commodores, air commodores-in-chief, admirals, and captains-general of Canadian Forces units, though these positions are ceremonial.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Edward Burleson", "paragraph_text": "Edward Burleson (December 15, 1798 \u2013 December 26, 1851) was the third Vice President of the Republic of Texas. After Texas was annexed to the United States, he served in the State Senate. Prior to his government service in Texas, he was a commander of Texian Army forces during the Texas Revolution. Before moving to Texas, he served in militias in Alabama, Missouri, and Tennessee, and fought in the War of 1812. Burleson was the soldier that was given Santa Anna's sword when he surrendered.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "KNCH", "paragraph_text": "KNCH (90.1 FM) is the National Public Radio station for the Concho Valley of west-central Texas. Licensed to San Angelo, it is owned by Texas Tech University and operated out of Texas Tech's campus in Lubbock. However, it is branded as a separate station.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "G\u00fcnter Voigt", "paragraph_text": "G\u00fcnter Voigt (born January 2, 1933), is a military scientist and retired major general, whose last assignment was as Deputy Commander in Chief and Chief of Staff of the Air Forces of the National People's Army in the former East Germany.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Wesley Brethren Church", "paragraph_text": "Wesley Brethren Church is an historic church in Wesley, Texas, United States. The church was built in 1866. It was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1966 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Karolyi Ranch", "paragraph_text": "The USA Gymnastics National Team Training Center at Karolyi Ranch or simply Karolyi Ranch in unincorporated Walker County, Texas, southeast of Huntsville, was a gymnastics camp facility which was the site of the main training center for the United States women's national gymnastics team, located 70 miles (110 km) north of Houston within the Sam Houston National Forest. From 2001 to 2018, it was the USA Gymnastics' national training facility for women's artistic, trampoline, and rhythmic gymnastics disciplines.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sam Houston National Forest", "paragraph_text": "The Sam Houston National Forest, one of four National Forests in Texas, is located 50 miles north of Houston. The forest is administered together with the other three United States National Forests and two National Grasslands located entirely in Texas, from common offices in Lufkin, Texas. The units include Angelina, Davy Crockett, Sabine, and Sam Houston National Forests, plus Caddo National Grassland and Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland. There are local ranger district offices located in New Waverly.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Holly Springs National Forest", "paragraph_text": "The Holly Springs National Forest (HSNF) was established by the United States Forest Service on June 15, 1936 during the tenure of United States Department of Agriculture Chief Forester Ferdinand A. Silcox. That same year, it was combined administratively with the Bienville, De Soto and Homochitto national forests, known collectively as \"National Forests in Mississippi.\" The Holly Springs Ranger District controls of Forest Service land, interspersed with of privately owned properties, within the national forest's proclamation zone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "First Battle of Mesilla", "paragraph_text": "Following the secession of Texas in February 1861 and its joining the Confederacy, a battalion of the 2nd Texas Mounted Rifles under Lieutenant Colonel John R. Baylor was sent to occupy the series of forts along the western Texas frontier which had been abandoned by the Union Army. Baylor's orders from the Department of Texas commander, Colonel Earl Van Dorn, allowed him to advance into New Mexico in order to attack the Union forts along the Rio Grande if he thought the situation called for such measures. Convinced that the Union force at Fort Fillmore would soon attack, Baylor decided to take the initiative and launch an attack of his own.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Texas A&M University", "paragraph_text": "Texas A&M University (Texas A&M, TAMU / \u02c8t\u00e6mu\u02d0 /, or A&M) is a coeducational public research university in College Station, Texas, United States. It is a state university and is a member of the Texas A&M University System. The Texas A&M system endowment is one of the 10 biggest in the nation. Texas A&M's student body is the largest in Texas and one of the largest in the United States. Texas A&M's designation as a land, sea, and space grant institution -- the only university in Texas to hold all three designations -- reflects a range of research with ongoing projects funded by organizations such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. In 2001, Texas A&M was inducted as a member of the Association of American Universities. The school's students, alumni -- over 450,000 strong -- and sports teams are known as Aggies. The Texas A&M Aggies athletes compete in 18 varsity sports as a member of the Southeastern Conference.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Guadalupe Peak", "paragraph_text": "Guadalupe Peak, also known as Signal Peak, is the highest natural point in Texas, with an elevation of above sea level. It is located in Guadalupe Mountains National Park, and is part of the Guadalupe Mountains range in southeastern New Mexico and West Texas. The mountain is about east of El Paso and about southwest of Carlsbad, New Mexico. The peak rises more than above the arid floor of the Chihuahuan Desert.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Warsaw Pact", "paragraph_text": "The Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 862", "paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 862, adopted unanimously on 31 August 1993, after recalling resolutions 841 (1993), 861 (1993) and an agreement between the President of Haiti and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti, the Council reaffirmed the international community's commitment to a solution in Haiti and discussed the establishment of a new police force in Haiti under a proposed United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Saburro Peak", "paragraph_text": "Saburro Peak is a peak in Antarctica to the south of Doll Peak in the south part of Ravens Mountains, Britannia Range. Named after Colonel Richard M.Saburro, Commander, Operation DEEP FREEZE who was assigned to this position from the 109 AG of the New York Air National Guard. Saburro was the first US Air Force Commander of Operation DEEP FREEZE following 45 years of command by the US Navy. The Operation provides military logistics support to the National Science Foundation's US Antarctic Program.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Garden State Life Insurance Company", "paragraph_text": "Garden State Life Insurance Company is a small direct life insurance company located in League City, Texas. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Galveston, Texas based American National Insurance Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Selway National Forest", "paragraph_text": "Selway National Forest was established by the U.S. Forest Service in Idaho on July 1, 1911 with from parts of Clearwater National Forest and Nez Perce National Forest. On October 29, 1934 the entire forest was divided between Bitterroot, Clearwater, Lolo and Nez Perce, and the name was discontinued.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "William B. Travis", "paragraph_text": "William Barret \"Buck\" Travis (August 1, 1809 \u2013 March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American lawyer and soldier. At the age of 26, he was a lieutenant colonel in the Texas Army. He died at the Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution. Travis County and Travis Park were named after him for being the commander of the Republic of Texas at the Battle of the Alamo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Patrick Mahomes", "paragraph_text": "Patrick Lavon Mahomes II (born September 17, 1995) is an American football quarterback for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas Tech, and was drafted by the Chiefs with the tenth overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft. Mahomes is the son of former MLB pitcher Pat Mahomes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Texas Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The Texas Revolution (October 2, 1835 -- April 21, 1836) was a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos (Texas Mexicans) in putting up armed resistance to the centralist government of Mexico. While the uprising was part of a larger one that included other provinces opposed to the regime of President Antonio L\u00f3pez de Santa Anna, the Mexican government believed the United States had instigated the Texas insurrection with the goal of annexation. The Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops ``will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag. ''Only the province of Texas succeeded in breaking with Mexico, establishing the Republic of Texas, and eventually being annexed by the United States.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "This is an instance of who was named commander in chief of texas forces by the new national government of texas National Forest?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 83460, "question": "who was named commander in chief of texas forces by the new national government of texas", "answer": "Sam Houston", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 456238, "question": "#1 National Forest >> instance of", "answer": "United States National Forest", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "United States National Forest", "answer_aliases": ["forest", "forests", "Forest", "National Forest"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2177}
{"id": "2hop__89991_58067", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "State Bank of India", "paragraph_text": "The bank descends from the Bank of Calcutta, founded in 1806, via the Imperial Bank of India, making it the oldest commercial bank in the Indian subcontinent. The Bank of Madras merged into the other two ``presidency banks ''in British India, the Bank of Calcutta and the Bank of Bombay, to form the Imperial Bank of India, which in turn became the State Bank of India in 1955. The Government of India took control of the Imperial Bank of India in 1955, with Reserve Bank of India (India's central bank) taking a 60% stake, renaming it the State Bank of India. In 2008, the government took over the stake held by the Reserve Bank of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Cinema of India", "paragraph_text": "The cinema of India also known by its sobriquet Indywood consists of films produced across India. Cinema has immense popularity in the country. As many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced every year. Indian films have also wide following throughout the rest of South Asia and it is even available in mainstream cinemas in parts of the Greater Middle East, Southeast Asia, Eastern Africa and elsewhere. Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the ``father of Indian cinema ''. The Dadasaheb Phalke Award, for lifetime contribution to cinema, was instituted in his honour, by the Government of India in 1969, and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "President of India", "paragraph_text": "President of the Republic of India State Emblem of India Flag of India Incumbent Ram Nath Kovind since 25 July 2017 Style Honourable (within India) His / Her Excellency (outside India) Residence Rashtrapati Bhavan Appointer The Electoral College of India Term length Five years. No term limits are imposed on the office. Inaugural holder Rajendra Prasad 26 January 1950 Formation The Constitution of India January 26, 1950; 67 years ago (1950 - 01 - 26) Deputy Vice President of India Salary \u20b9150,000 (US $2,300) (per month) Website President of India", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lata Mangeshkar", "paragraph_text": "Lata Mangeshkar (pronunciation (help info)) (born 28 September 1929) is an Indian playback singer and occasional music composer. She is one of the best - known and most respected playback singers in India. Mangeshkar's career started in 1942 and has spanned over seven decades. She has recorded songs for over a thousand Hindi films and has sung songs in over thirty - six regional Indian languages and foreign languages, though primarily in Marathi and Hindi. She is the recipient of three National Film Awards, 12 Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards, four Filmfare Best Female Playback Awards and many more. The Dadasaheb Phalke Award was bestowed on her in 1989 by the Government of India. She is also the second vocalist, after M.S. Subbulakshmi, to have ever been awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2001, India's highest civilian honour. She has four siblings -- Asha Bhosle, Hridaynath Mangeshkar, Usha Mangeshkar and Meena Mangeshkar -- of which she is the eldest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Lokesh Kumar Singhal", "paragraph_text": "Lokesh Kumar Singhal is an Indian metallurgical engineer known for his expertise in steel making and for the innovations he brought into the steelmaking industry in India. He was honored by the Government of India in 2012 with the fourth highest Indian civilian award, the Padma Shri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Vishwanath Jadhav", "paragraph_text": "On 4 April 1952, Vishwanath was honoured by the first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya at Delhi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Saifuddin Kitchlew", "paragraph_text": "Dr. Kitchlew was opposed to the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan and later in the 1940s became President of the Punjab Congress Committee. In 1947 he strongly opposed the acceptance of the Partition of India by the Congress Party. He spoke out against it at public meetings all over the country, and at the All India Congress Committee session that ultimately voted for the resolution. He called it a blatant ``surrender of nationalism for communalism ''. Some years after partition and Independence, he left the Congress. He began to come closer to the Communist Party of India. He was the founder president of the All - India Peace Council and also remained President of 4th Congress of All - India Peace Council, held at Madras in 1954, besides remaining Vice President of the World Peace Council.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Noboru Karashima", "paragraph_text": "Professor Karashima played a critical role in developing Indo-Japan cultural ties and was conferred the Padma Shri award in 2013, one of India's highest civilian award, for his contribution in the field of literature and education. In a rare gesture the Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh handed over the award personally to Professor Karashima in Tokyo. He died of leukemia in November, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Bharat Ratna", "paragraph_text": "The Bharat Ratna (Hindi pronunciation: (bha\u02d0r\u0259t\u032a r\u0259t\u032an\u0259); Jewel of India) is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ``in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order '', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include`` any field of human endeavour'' in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal - leaf -- shaped medallion; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "K. Shivaram Karanth", "paragraph_text": "Kota Shivaram Karanth (10 October 1902 \u2013 9 December 1997) was an Indian polymath, who was a novelist in Kannada language, playwright and conservationist. Ramachandra Guha called him the \"Rabindranath Tagore of Modern India, who has been one of the finest novelists-activists since independence\". He was the third writer to be decorated with the Jnanpith Award for Kannada, the highest literary honor conferred in India. His son Ullas is a conservationist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Ashok Kumar Mago", "paragraph_text": "Ashok Kumar Mago is an Indian born American business person and the founder Chairman of Greater Dallas Indo American Chamber, now known as (US-INDIA Chamber of Commerce) who is known for his involvement of the Senate India caucus. He was awarded the Padma Shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the Government of India, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Filmfare Awards", "paragraph_text": "The Filmfare Awards are a set of awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Hindi-language film industry of India. The Filmfare ceremony is one of the oldest and most prestigious film events in India. The awards were first introduced by The Times Group in 1954, the same year as the National Film Awards. They were initially referred to as the \"Clare Awards\" or \"The Clares\" after Clare Mendonca, the editor of The Times of India. A dual voting system was developed in 1956. Under this system, in contrast to the National Film Awards, which are decided by a panel appointed by Indian Government, the Filmfare Awards are voted on by both the public and a committee of experts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan", "paragraph_text": "Radhakrishnan was awarded several high awards during his life, including a knighthood in 1931, the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, in 1954, and honorary membership of the British Royal Order of Merit in 1963. He was also one of the founders of Helpage India, a non profit organisation for elderly underprivileged in India. Radhakrishnan believed that ``teachers should be the best minds in the country ''. Since 1962, his birthday is being celebrated in India as Teachers' Day on 5 September.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "R. Vasudevan", "paragraph_text": "R. Vasudevan was an Indian civil servant, and served as special secretary to the Prime Minister of India (Rajiv Gandhi), as also Secretary, Ministry of Steel and Ministry of Power, Government of India. Born in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Vasudevan was the holder of master's degrees in Economics from the University of Delhi and in public administration from Harvard University. He died on 25 July 2010. The Government of India honoured him, posthumously, in 2015, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Nuchhungi Renthlei", "paragraph_text": "Nuchhungi Renthlei (1 January 1914 \u2013 1 January 2002) was an Indian poet, singer and school teacher, known for her poems written in Mizo language. She was the founder of \"Girls' Auxiliary\", an organization for women's rights, which she founded in 1939. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1986.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Padmanabhan Balaram", "paragraph_text": "Padmanabhan Balaram is an Indian biochemist and a former director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India. He is a recipient of the third highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Bhushan (2014) as well as the TWAS Prize (1994).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", "paragraph_text": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.com", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Bharat Ratna", "paragraph_text": "The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were politician C. Rajagopalachari, philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and scientist C.V. Raman, who were honoured in 1954. Since then, the award has been bestowed upon 45 individuals, including 12 who were awarded posthumously. The original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in January 1955 to permit them. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously. In 2014, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient; while social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. Though usually conferred on India - born citizens, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen, Mother Teresa, and to two non-Indians, Pakistan national Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and former South African President Nelson Mandela. On 24 December 2014, the Indian government announced the award to independence activist Madan Mohan Malaviya (posthumously) and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Orders, decorations, and medals of India", "paragraph_text": "The Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is eligible for this award. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Savita Behen", "paragraph_text": "Savita Behen was an Indian politician, social worker, educationist and a former member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the bicameral Indian Parliament. She was known to be an advocate of women empowerment and gender equality and was listed among the \"3300 distinguished living women\" of the world by the Council for Parity Democracy in 1990. She was honoured by the Government of India in 1971 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who was honored with the highest award in India before becoming president?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 89991, "question": "which one is the highest award in india", "answer": "Bharat Ratna", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 58067, "question": "who was honoured with #1 before he became president of india", "answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam", "answer_aliases": ["A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", "Abdul Kalam", "Kalam", "Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2511}
{"id": "2hop__160223_58067", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Chittoor Mohammed Habeebullah", "paragraph_text": "Chittoor Mohammed Habeebullah was an Indian gastroenterologist, known for his contributions to the medical discipline of gastroenterology in India. Born in 1937 in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, Habeebullah graduated in medicine (MBBS) from the Guntur Medical College in 1958, after which he secured his master's degree in general medicine (MD) from Andhra University and DM from the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. He started his career as an assistant professor at the Department of Gastroenterology, Osmania Medical College and served as the professor and the Head of the Department from 1975 to 1992 and thereafter as the principal till 1994. He also served as the Director, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad and as the Director of Medical Education, Government of Andhra Pradesh. He was a 1997 Fellow of The National Academy of Sciences, India and had many scientific publications to his credit. A recipient of the Khwarizmi International Award in 1997, Habeebullah was honored by the Government of India, in 2001, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri. He died on 10 July 2010, falling to a cardiac arrest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bharat Ratna", "paragraph_text": "The Bharat Ratna (Hindi pronunciation: (bha\u02d0r\u0259t\u032a r\u0259t\u032an\u0259); Jewel of India) is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ``in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order '', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include`` any field of human endeavour'' in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal - leaf -- shaped medallion; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Governor-General of India", "paragraph_text": "Upon independence in August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor - General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor - General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor - General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ashok Kumar Mago", "paragraph_text": "Ashok Kumar Mago is an Indian born American business person and the founder Chairman of Greater Dallas Indo American Chamber, now known as (US-INDIA Chamber of Commerce) who is known for his involvement of the Senate India caucus. He was awarded the Padma Shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the Government of India, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Milkha Singh", "paragraph_text": "Milkha Singh (birthdate, 8th Oct 1935), also known as The Flying Sikh, is an Indian former track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the Indian Army. He was the only Indian athlete to win an individual athletics gold medal at a Commonwealth Games until Krishna Poonia won the discus gold medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. He also won gold medals in the 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. He represented India in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in recognition of his sporting achievements.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "K. Shivaram Karanth", "paragraph_text": "Kota Shivaram Karanth (10 October 1902 \u2013 9 December 1997) was an Indian polymath, who was a novelist in Kannada language, playwright and conservationist. Ramachandra Guha called him the \"Rabindranath Tagore of Modern India, who has been one of the finest novelists-activists since independence\". He was the third writer to be decorated with the Jnanpith Award for Kannada, the highest literary honor conferred in India. His son Ullas is a conservationist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Arthur Chung", "paragraph_text": "Arthur Chung (January 10, 1918 -- June 23, 2008) was the first President of Guyana from 1970 to 1980. During his time as President of Guyana, the office was that of a ceremonial head of state, with real power in the hands of Prime Minister Forbes Burnham. He was honoured with Guyana's highest national honour, the Order of Excellence (O.E.).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Noboru Karashima", "paragraph_text": "Professor Karashima played a critical role in developing Indo-Japan cultural ties and was conferred the Padma Shri award in 2013, one of India's highest civilian award, for his contribution in the field of literature and education. In a rare gesture the Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh handed over the award personally to Professor Karashima in Tokyo. He died of leukemia in November, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jai Pal Mittal", "paragraph_text": "Jai Pal Mittal is an Indian scientist, DAE Raja Ramanna Fellow of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Distinguished Professor of Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, the National Academy of Sciences, India and the University of Pune. He is known for his researches in the fields of photochemistry and radiation chemistry. He was honoured by the Government of India in 2003 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "M. G. Venkata Raghavan", "paragraph_text": "Mysore Govinda Rao Venkata Raghavan (born 14 May 1956) is an Indian Carnatic vocalist, playback singer, composer and actor. He was awarded the Rajyotsava Prashasthi, the highhest civilian honour of the state of Karnataka, for his contribution towards Carnatic music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", "paragraph_text": "Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam ( (listen); 15 October 1931 \u2013 27 July 2015) was an aerospace scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the \"People's President\", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Lata Mangeshkar", "paragraph_text": "Lata Mangeshkar (pronunciation (help info)) (born 28 September 1929) is an Indian playback singer and occasional music composer. She is one of the best - known and most respected playback singers in India. Mangeshkar's career started in 1942 and has spanned over seven decades. She has recorded songs for over a thousand Hindi films and has sung songs in over thirty - six regional Indian languages and foreign languages, though primarily in Marathi and Hindi. She is the recipient of three National Film Awards, 12 Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards, four Filmfare Best Female Playback Awards and many more. The Dadasaheb Phalke Award was bestowed on her in 1989 by the Government of India. She is also the second vocalist, after M.S. Subbulakshmi, to have ever been awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2001, India's highest civilian honour. She has four siblings -- Asha Bhosle, Hridaynath Mangeshkar, Usha Mangeshkar and Meena Mangeshkar -- of which she is the eldest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "John H. Ferrell", "paragraph_text": "John H. Ferrell (April 15, 1829 \u2013 April 17, 1900) was a civilian employee of the Union Navy during the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He is one of only eight civilians ever to receive the U.S. Medal of Honor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Padmanabhan Balaram", "paragraph_text": "Padmanabhan Balaram is an Indian biochemist and a former director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India. He is a recipient of the third highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Bhushan (2014) as well as the TWAS Prize (1994).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "R. Vasudevan", "paragraph_text": "R. Vasudevan was an Indian civil servant, and served as special secretary to the Prime Minister of India (Rajiv Gandhi), as also Secretary, Ministry of Steel and Ministry of Power, Government of India. Born in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Vasudevan was the holder of master's degrees in Economics from the University of Delhi and in public administration from Harvard University. He died on 25 July 2010. The Government of India honoured him, posthumously, in 2015, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Nuchhungi Renthlei", "paragraph_text": "Nuchhungi Renthlei (1 January 1914 \u2013 1 January 2002) was an Indian poet, singer and school teacher, known for her poems written in Mizo language. She was the founder of \"Girls' Auxiliary\", an organization for women's rights, which she founded in 1939. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1986.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Vishwanath Jadhav", "paragraph_text": "On 4 April 1952, Vishwanath was honoured by the first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya at Delhi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "M. Visvesvaraya", "paragraph_text": "Sir Mokshagundam Viswesvarayya  FASc also spelled as Sir Mokshagondam Visweswarayya, popularly known as Sir MV (15 September 1861 \u2013 12 April 1962) was an  Indian chief civil engineer, scholar, statesman, politician  and the 19th Diwan of Mysore, who served from 1912 to 1919. He received India's highest honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1955. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the British Indian Empire (KCIE) by King George V for his contributions to the public good. 15 September is celebrated as Engineer's Day in India, Sri Lanka and Tanzania in his memory. He is held in high regard as a pre-eminent Engineer of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Lokesh Kumar Singhal", "paragraph_text": "Lokesh Kumar Singhal is an Indian metallurgical engineer known for his expertise in steel making and for the innovations he brought into the steelmaking industry in India. He was honored by the Government of India in 2012 with the fourth highest Indian civilian award, the Padma Shri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", "paragraph_text": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.com", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who was given India's highest civilian honor before he became President of India?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 160223, "question": "What is Indian civilian highest honor?", "answer": "Bharat Ratna", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 58067, "question": "who was honoured with #1 before he became president of india", "answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam", "answer_aliases": ["A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", "Abdul Kalam", "Kalam", "Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2478}
{"id": "2hop__158010_58067", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Filmfare Awards", "paragraph_text": "The Filmfare Awards are a set of awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Hindi-language film industry of India. The Filmfare ceremony is one of the oldest and most prestigious film events in India. The awards were first introduced by The Times Group in 1954, the same year as the National Film Awards. They were initially referred to as the \"Clare Awards\" or \"The Clares\" after Clare Mendonca, the editor of The Times of India. A dual voting system was developed in 1956. Under this system, in contrast to the National Film Awards, which are decided by a panel appointed by Indian Government, the Filmfare Awards are voted on by both the public and a committee of experts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Vehicle registration plates of India", "paragraph_text": "The President of India and state governors travel in official cars without licence plates. Instead they have the Emblem of India in gold embossed on a red plate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Hero of Ukraine", "paragraph_text": "Hero of Ukraine (HOU) (, \"Heroy Ukrayiny\") is the highest national title that can be conferred upon an individual citizen by the President of Ukraine. The title was created in 1998 by President Leonid Kuchma and as of 27 June 2019 the total number of awards is 453. The title is granted to two different order recipients, a civilian Order of State and a military Order of Gold Star. The first foreigner awarded the award was Belarusian Mikhail Zhyzneuski in June 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bharat Ratna", "paragraph_text": "There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens. It has been awarded to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa in 1980, and to two non-Indians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan of Pakistan in 1987 and the former South African president Nelson Mandela in 1990. Sachin Tendulkar, at the age of 40, became the youngest person and first athlete to receive the honour. In a special ceremony on 18 April 1958, Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. As of 2015, the award has been conferred upon 45 people with 12 posthumous declarations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Padmanabhan Balaram", "paragraph_text": "Padmanabhan Balaram is an Indian biochemist and a former director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India. He is a recipient of the third highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Bhushan (2014) as well as the TWAS Prize (1994).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nuchhungi Renthlei", "paragraph_text": "Nuchhungi Renthlei (1 January 1914 \u2013 1 January 2002) was an Indian poet, singer and school teacher, known for her poems written in Mizo language. She was the founder of \"Girls' Auxiliary\", an organization for women's rights, which she founded in 1939. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1986.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan", "paragraph_text": "Radhakrishnan was awarded several high awards during his life, including a knighthood in 1931, the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, in 1954, and honorary membership of the British Royal Order of Merit in 1963. He was also one of the founders of Helpage India, a non profit organisation for elderly underprivileged in India. Radhakrishnan believed that ``teachers should be the best minds in the country ''. Since 1962, his birthday is being celebrated in India as Teachers' Day on 5 September.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "President of India", "paragraph_text": "President of the Republic of India State Emblem of India Flag of India Incumbent Ram Nath Kovind since 25 July 2017 Style Honourable (within India) His / Her Excellency (outside India) Residence Rashtrapati Bhavan Appointer The Electoral College of India Term length Five years. No term limits are imposed on the office. Inaugural holder Rajendra Prasad 26 January 1950 Formation The Constitution of India January 26, 1950; 67 years ago (1950 - 01 - 26) Deputy Vice President of India Salary \u20b9150,000 (US $2,300) (per month) Website President of India", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "C. V. Raman", "paragraph_text": "Sir Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman (; 7 November 1888 \u2013 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist born in the former Madras Province in India (presently the state of Tamil Nadu), who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes  wavelength and amplitude. This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman scattering, results from the Raman effect. In 1954, the Indian government honoured him with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jai Pal Mittal", "paragraph_text": "Jai Pal Mittal is an Indian scientist, DAE Raja Ramanna Fellow of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Distinguished Professor of Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, the National Academy of Sciences, India and the University of Pune. He is known for his researches in the fields of photochemistry and radiation chemistry. He was honoured by the Government of India in 2003 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Presidential Medal of Freedom", "paragraph_text": "The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the President of the United States and is -- along with the comparable Congressional Gold Medal -- the highest civilian award of the United States. It recognizes those people who have made ``an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors ''. The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and, while it is a civilian award, it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Ashok Kumar Mago", "paragraph_text": "Ashok Kumar Mago is an Indian born American business person and the founder Chairman of Greater Dallas Indo American Chamber, now known as (US-INDIA Chamber of Commerce) who is known for his involvement of the Senate India caucus. He was awarded the Padma Shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the Government of India, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Orders, decorations, and medals of India", "paragraph_text": "The Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is eligible for this award. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Vishwanath Jadhav", "paragraph_text": "On 4 April 1952, Vishwanath was honoured by the first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya at Delhi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Bharat Ratna", "paragraph_text": "The Bharat Ratna (Hindi pronunciation: (bha\u02d0r\u0259t\u032a r\u0259t\u032an\u0259); Jewel of India) is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ``in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order '', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include`` any field of human endeavour'' in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal - leaf -- shaped medallion; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "R. Vasudevan", "paragraph_text": "R. Vasudevan was an Indian civil servant, and served as special secretary to the Prime Minister of India (Rajiv Gandhi), as also Secretary, Ministry of Steel and Ministry of Power, Government of India. Born in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Vasudevan was the holder of master's degrees in Economics from the University of Delhi and in public administration from Harvard University. He died on 25 July 2010. The Government of India honoured him, posthumously, in 2015, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", "paragraph_text": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.com", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Milkha Singh", "paragraph_text": "Milkha Singh (birthdate, 8th Oct 1935), also known as The Flying Sikh, is an Indian former track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the Indian Army. He was the only Indian athlete to win an individual athletics gold medal at a Commonwealth Games until Krishna Poonia won the discus gold medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. He also won gold medals in the 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. He represented India in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in recognition of his sporting achievements.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "National Cadet Corps (India)", "paragraph_text": "The National Cadet Corps is the Indian military cadet corps with its Headquarters at New Delhi, Delhi, India. It is open to school and college students on voluntary basis. National Cadet Corps is a Tri-Services Organization, comprising the Army, Navy and Air Force, engaged in grooming the youth of the country into disciplined and patriotic citizens. The National Cadet Corps in India is a voluntary organization which recruits cadets from high schools, colleges and universities all over India. The Cadets are given basic military training in small arms and parades. The officers and cadets have no liability for active military service once they complete their course but are given preference over normal candidates during selections based on the achievements in the corps.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Bharat Ratna", "paragraph_text": "The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were politician C. Rajagopalachari, philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and scientist C.V. Raman, who were honoured in 1954. Since then, the award has been bestowed upon 45 individuals, including 12 who were awarded posthumously. The original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in January 1955 to permit them. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously. In 2014, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient; while social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. Though usually conferred on India - born citizens, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen, Mother Teresa, and to two non-Indians, Pakistan national Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and former South African President Nelson Mandela. On 24 December 2014, the Indian government announced the award to independence activist Madan Mohan Malaviya (posthumously) and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who was honoured with the highest award a citizen without military experience in India before becoming a president?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 158010, "question": "What is the highest award a citizen without military experiencecan achieve in India?", "answer": "Bharat Ratna", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 58067, "question": "who was honoured with #1 before he became president of india", "answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam", "answer_aliases": ["A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", "Abdul Kalam", "Kalam", "Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2369}
{"id": "2hop__439614_349102", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the \"King of Kings\" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke 1:32 and the Book of Isaiah 9:6, and Queen Mother from 1 Kings 2:19-20 and Jeremiah 13:18-19. Other titles have arisen from reported miracles, special appeals or occasions for calling on Mary, e.g., Our Lady of Good Counsel, Our Lady of Navigators or Our Lady of Ransom who protects captives.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Zhen Zhen", "paragraph_text": "Zhen Zhen () is a female giant panda born on August 3, 2007 to Bai Yun and Gao Gao at the San Diego Zoo. Her name means \"Precious\". She is Bai Yun's fourth cub, and Gao Gao's third. Zhen Zhen has one half sibling, Hua Mei, and four full siblings, Mei Sheng, Su Lin, Yun Zi, and Xiao Liwu. Like her full siblings, Zhen Zhen was conceived via natural mating.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Xiao Zixian", "paragraph_text": "Xiao Zixian's grandfather was Xiao Daocheng (Emperor Gao of Southern Qi), and his father was Emperor Gao's second son Xiao Ni the Prince of Yuzhang.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Qin Zhong", "paragraph_text": "Qin Zhong or Zhong of Qin (, died 822 BC) was the fourth ruler of the state of Qin (r. 844 to 822 BC) during China's Zhou dynasty. Qin at the time was a small fief that had been granted to his great-grandfather Feizi for his work breeding horses for King Xiao of Zhou. Qin Zhong succeeded his father Gongbo, who died in 845 BC. Their ancestral name was Ying ().", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Xiao Shan Going Home", "paragraph_text": "Xiao Shan Going Home () is a Chinese featurette directed by Jia Zhangke. The film, running around one hour in length, was made by Jia while he was attending the Beijing Film Academy and stars his friend, classmate, and now frequent collaborator, Wang Hongwei in the titular role.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Emperor Yuan of Liang", "paragraph_text": "Emperor Yuan of Liang () (16 September 508 \u2013 27 January 555), personal name Xiao Yi (\u856d\u7e79), courtesy name Shicheng (\u4e16\u8aa0), nickname Qifu (\u4e03\u7b26), was an emperor of the Chinese Liang Dynasty. After his father Emperor Wu and brother Emperor Jianwen were successively taken hostage and controlled by the rebel general Hou Jing, Xiao Yi was largely viewed as the \"de facto\" leader of Liang, and after defeating Hou in 552 declared himself emperor. In 554, after offending Yuwen Tai, the paramount general of rival Western Wei, Western Wei forces descended on and captured his capital Jiangling (\u6c5f\u9675, in modern Jingzhou, Hubei), executing him and instead declaring his nephew Xiao Cha (Emperor Xuan) the Emperor of Liang.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Consort Chen Farong", "paragraph_text": "Emperor Ming died in 472, and was succeeded by his son Liu Yu (Emperor Houfei). Because Liu Zhun, as the emperor's brother, carried the title of Prince of Ancheng, Consort Chen was honored as the Princess Dowager of Ancheng. After the impulsive and violent Emperor Houfei was assassinated in 477, the general Xiao Daocheng effectively took over the government and made Liu Zhun a puppet emperor. Consort Chen, as the emperor's mother, was honored as \"Consort Dowager\" (\u7687\u592a\u5983) but not as empress dowager\u2014that title belonged to Emperor Ming's wife Empress Wang. Xiao forced Emperor Shun to yield the throne to him in 479, ending Liu Song and starting Southern Qi, and Emperor Shun was created the Prince of Ruyin. Accordingly, Consort Chen became known as the Princess Dowager of Ruyin. Later that year, the former Emperor Shun was killed by soldiers who were supposed to protect him, and Xiao then ordered a general killing of the Liu clan. It appeared unlikely that Consort Chen would have been killed in the slaughter, although it is not known when she died.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "SS.11", "paragraph_text": "During the Arab-Israeli War of 1967, the Israeli Army was equipped with a large number of SS.11s supplied by France. SS.11 saw action in 1967 during Six-Day War, for instance during the battle of Abu-Ageila.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "One-to-many (data model)", "paragraph_text": "In systems analysis, a one - to - many relationship is a type of cardinality that refers to the relationship between two entities (see also entity -- relationship model) A and B in which an element of A may be linked to many elements of B, but a member of B is linked to only one element of A. For instance, think of A as mothers, and B as children. A mother can have several children, but a child can have only one biological mother.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "We Are Acid Mothers Afrirampo!", "paragraph_text": "We Are Acid Mothers Afrirampo! is an album by members of Afrirampo and Acid Mothers Temple, under the band name Acid Mothers Afrirampo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "General Motors EN-V", "paragraph_text": "Designed for urban environments and around an extrapolation of the P.U.M.A. prototype announced by GM and Segway in 2009, the EN-V was unveiled at the joint GM & SAIC pavilion at the Expo 2010 in Shanghai from 1 May through 31 October 2010. Three different vehicles are showcased, \u7b11 \"Xiao\" (Laugh), \u9a84 \"Jiao\" (Pride) and \u5999 \"Miao\" (Magic).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Xiao Liwu", "paragraph_text": "Xiao Liwu is the sixth cub born to his mother Bai Yun, and the fifth for his father Gao Gao. He has one half-sister, Hua Mei, through Bai Yun. He also has two full brothers, Mei Sheng and Yun Zi, and two full sisters, Su Lin and Zhen Zhen. Like his full siblings, he was conceived via natural mating.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Yuan Can", "paragraph_text": "Yuan Can (420\u2013477), originally named Yuan Minsun, courtesy name Jingqian, was a high-level official of the Liu Song dynasty who, near the end of the dynasty, made a futile attempt to prevent the general Xiao Daocheng from gaining sufficient power to take the throne.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Brazil at the 2006 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The Brazilian team played until the quarter - finals, where they were defeated by France, finishing the tournament in the fifth place -- for the third time in history (1954 and 1986 were the previous instances).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Bai Yun", "paragraph_text": "Bai Yun (; born September 7, 1991) is a female giant panda sheltered at the San Diego Zoo. Bai Yun was the first successful birth of a giant panda at the Wolong Giant Panda Research Center in China. She has been at the San Diego Zoo since September 10, 1996. Bai Yun gave birth to her sixth cub in 2012 since arriving at the San Diego Zoo, considered the most surviving pandas born at a breeding facility outside of native China. Bai Yun returned to China with her sixth cub in May, 2019, as the 23-year conservation loan of the pandas came to an end between China and San Diego Zoo Global.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Xiao Zixian", "paragraph_text": "Xiao Zixian (, 489\u2013537), courtesy name Jingyang (\u666f\u967d), formally Viscount Jiao of Ningdu (\u5be7\u90fd\u9a55\u5b50), was a historian and author, best known for producing the \"Book of Qi\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Xiao Shuxian", "paragraph_text": "Xiao Shuxian (Simplified Chinese: \u8427\u6dd1\u5a34; Traditional Chinese: \u856d\u6dd1\u5afb; Pinyin: Xi\u0101o Sh\u00faxi\u00e1n; sometimes spelled Hsiao Shu-sien) (4 April 1905 in Tianjin \u2013 26 November 1991 in Beijing) was a Chinese composer and music educator.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "President-elect of the United States", "paragraph_text": "No constitutional provision or federal law requires electors to vote according to the results of their state's popular vote, though some states bind their electors to their pledges by state law. Historically, there have been only a few instances of ``faithless electors ''casting their ballots for a candidate to whom they were not pledged, and such instances have never resulted in changing the final outcome of a presidential election. The popular vote does not declare the presidency but the Electoral College vote does. Even if the popular vote goes to one candidate, another may win the electoral vote and the presidency, as has happened in 1876, 1888, 2000 and 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Duluth Superior Symphony Orchestra", "paragraph_text": "The Duluth Superior Symphony Orchestra (DSSO) is an American orchestra based in Duluth, Minnesota. Founded in 1932 as the Duluth Civic Orchestra, it became the city's first permanent symphony orchestra. In 2000, it performed the North American premiere of \"Spring Symphony\" by Chinese composer Xiao-Gang Ye. Since 1966, the DSSO has performed at the Duluth Entertainment Convention Center (DECC) Auditorium. The orchestra's season runs from September to May each year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Gongbo", "paragraph_text": "Gongbo (, died 845 BC) was the third ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Qin, founded when his grandfather Feizi was granted a small fief at Qin by King Xiao of Zhou. Gongbo succeeded his father, the Marquis of Qin, who died in 848 BC, and ruled for three years. He died in 845 BC and was succeeded by his son Qin Zhong.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What type of animal is Xiao Liwu's mother?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 439614, "question": "Xiao Liwu >> mother", "answer": "Bai Yun", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 349102, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "panda", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "panda", "answer_aliases": ["giant panda", "Giant panda"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1867}
{"id": "2hop__77775_162341", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Logan Lerman", "paragraph_text": "Logan Wade Lerman (born January 19, 1992) is an American actor, known for playing the title role in the fantasy - adventure Percy Jackson films. He appeared in commercials in the mid-1990s, before starring in the series Jack & Bobby (2004 -- 2005) and the movies The Butterfly Effect (2004) and Hoot (2006). Lerman gained further recognition for his roles in the western 3: 10 to Yuma, the thriller The Number 23, the comedy Meet Bill, and 2009's Gamer and My One and Only. He subsequently played d'Artagnan in 2011's The Three Musketeers, starred in the coming - of - age dramas The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012), Indignation (2016) and Sidney Hall (2017), and had major roles in the 2014 films Noah and Fury.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "paragraph_text": "Lee modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote, known then as Truman Persons. Just as Dill lived next door to Scout during the summer, Capote lived next door to Lee with his aunts while his mother visited New York City. Like Dill, Capote had an impressive imagination and a gift for fascinating stories. Both Lee and Capote were atypical children: both loved to read. Lee was a scrappy tomboy who was quick to fight, but Capote was ridiculed for his advanced vocabulary and lisp. She and Capote made up and acted out stories they wrote on an old Underwood typewriter Lee's father gave them. They became good friends when both felt alienated from their peers; Capote called the two of them \"apart people\". In 1960, Capote and Lee traveled to Kansas together to investigate the multiple murders that were the basis for Capote's nonfiction novel In Cold Blood.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Patrick Hoelck", "paragraph_text": "Patrick Hoelck (pronounced /h\u0252l.l\u0252k/; born September 7, 1968) is an American filmmaker and photographer based in Los Angeles and New York City. He has received considerable recognition as a photographer for fine art and celebrity advertisements. In addition, he has directed several mainstream music videos.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "paragraph_text": "Born in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became close friends with soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944\u201345), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945\u201349). While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama. At both colleges, she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice, a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time. In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation; there, she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville. Hoping to be published, Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote. An editor at J. B. Lippincott , who bought the manuscript, advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing. Donations from friends allowed her to write uninterrupted for a year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "You Don't Know My Name", "paragraph_text": "Directed by Chris Robinson, the music video follows Keys working as a waitress at a caf\u00e9. One day, Keys meets a man (played by Mos Def) in the restaurant, and she falls in love with him. Later on, Keys is at a house party where she runs into that same man (Mos Def) when a fight is about to break out, and the scene resembles the house party scene in the movie Cooley High. Later in the video, Keys imagines getting the courage to call him and to tell him about her feelings. However, at the end of the movie, she remembers his order but there is no other recognition and the scene ends with his card still being in the bowl and Keys staring out the window since she will never be able to reveal her true feelings for the man.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)", "paragraph_text": "Breakfast at Tiffany's is a 1961 American romantic comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and written by George Axelrod, loosely based on Truman Capote's 1958 novella of the same name. Starring Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard, and featuring Patricia Neal, Buddy Ebsen, Martin Balsam, and Mickey Rooney, the film was initially released on October 5, 1961 by Paramount Pictures.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jacqueline Fontyn", "paragraph_text": "Jacqueline, Baroness Fontyn (born 27 December 1930) is a contemporary Belgian composer, pianist and music educator. She was born in Antwerp, and has received the title of baroness from the King of Belgium in recognition of her many artistic contributions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Alexander Cornell du Houx", "paragraph_text": "Alexander Cornell du Houx (born March 6, 1983) is an American politician from Maine and officer in the U.S. Navy. He Joined the U.S. Marines out of high school and was deployed to Iraq. He was elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 2008 and 2012, worked for the Truman National Security Project on energy security, received a direct commission in the Navy reserves and deployed to the Middle East.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "78th Academy Awards", "paragraph_text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman -- Capote as Truman Capote Terrence Howard -- Hustle & Flow as DJay Heath Ledger -- Brokeback Mountain as Ennis Del Mar Joaquin Phoenix -- Walk the Line as Johnny Cash David Strathairn -- Good Night, and Good Luck as Edward R. Murrow", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Marius Weyers", "paragraph_text": "Marius Weyers (born 3 February 1945, in Johannesburg) is a South African actor. He lives with his wife Yvette, an artist in her own right, in Rooi-Els in the Western Cape. He received international attention playing Andrew Steyn, a bumbling scientist in the movie \"The Gods Must Be Crazy\" (1980). He starred in \"Blood Diamond\" (2006).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Capote (film)", "paragraph_text": "Capote is a 2005 biographical film about Truman Capote, following the events during the writing of Capote's non-fiction book In Cold Blood. Philip Seymour Hoffman won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his critically acclaimed portrayal of the title character. The film was based on Gerald Clarke's biography Capote and was directed by Bennett Miller. It was filmed mostly in Manitoba in the autumn of 2004. It was released September 30, 2005, to coincide with Truman Capote's birthday.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "In Cold Blood", "paragraph_text": "In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its Consequences Author Truman Capote Original title In Cold Blood Cover artist S. Neil Fujita Country United States Language English Genre Nonfiction / literature Publisher Random House Publication date January 17, 1966 (see Publication section for more information) Media type Print (hardback and paperback), e-book, audio - CD Pages 343 (paperback edition) ISBN 0 - 679 - 74558 - 0 (paperback edition) OCLC 28710511 Dewey Decimal 364.1 / 523 / 0978144 20 LC Class HV6533. K3 C3 1994", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Joseph J. McCarthy", "paragraph_text": "President Harry S. Truman presented the Medal of Honor to McCarthy in ceremonies at the White House, held on October 5, 1945. As Truman presented the Medal, he told McCarthy, ``I'd rather have one of these than be President. ''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Buck passing", "paragraph_text": "``The buck stops here ''is a phrase that was popularized by U.S. President Harry S. Truman, who kept a sign with that phrase on his desk in the Oval Office. The phrase refers to the notion that the President has to make the decisions and accept the ultimate responsibility for those decisions. Truman received the sign as a gift from a prison warden who was also an avid poker player. It is also the motto of the U.S. Naval Aircraft Carrier USS Harry S. Truman (CVN - 75).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Charlie Wilson's War (film)", "paragraph_text": "The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Karen Gillan", "paragraph_text": "Karen Gillan (born 28 November 1987) is a Scottish actress, director, screenwriter and model. She played the role of Amy Pond, companion to the Eleventh Doctor, in the BBC One science fiction series Doctor Who (2010 -- 2013). She has received wide recognition for portraying Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and its untitled sequel (2019), and also played Ruby Roundhouse in the box - office hit Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Ashta Chamma", "paragraph_text": "Ashta Chamma is a 2008 Telugu comedy film written and directed by Mohan Krishna Indraganti. The film deals with four quirky characters interwoven in a romantic narration. The film stars Colours Swathi, Nani, Srinivas Avasarala and Bhargavi in the lead with Tanikella Bharani in a supporting role. The movie is an adaptation of Oscar Wilde's play The Importance of Being Earnest. Upon release, the movie received positive reviews and became a super hit at the box office. Colours Swathi and Nani's performances were the main highlights of this film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Masiela Lusha", "paragraph_text": "Masiela Lusha (/ \u02ccm\u0251\u02d0si\u02c8\u025bl\u0259 \u02c8lu\u02d0\u0283\u0259 /; born October 23, 1985) is an Albanian - American actress, author, producer and humanitarian. Lusha gained worldwide recognition for playing her first major role as Carmen Consuelo Lopez on the globally syndicated ABC sitcom George Lopez, a role which earned her two consecutive Young Artist Awards for Leading Young Actress in a Comedy or Drama. After transitioning into film, she had her breakout role in Sony Picture's Blood: The Last Vampire. Lusha also starred alongside David Hasselhoff and Ian Ziering in SyFy's television movie Sharknado: The 4th Awakens.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War", "paragraph_text": "May 1, 1950 -- After the capture of Hainan Island from Chinese Nationalist forces by the Chinese People's Liberation Army, President Truman approves $10 million in military assistance for anti-communist efforts in Indochina. The Defense Attach\u00e9 Office was established in Saigon in May 1950, a formal recognition of Viet Nam (vice French IndoChina). This was the beginning of formal U.S. military personnel assignments in Viet Nam. U.S. Naval, Army and Air Force personnel established their respective attaches at this time.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "List of accolades received by The Lord of the Rings film series", "paragraph_text": "The Fellowship of the Ring received thirteen Academy Award nominations, winning in four categories. It also earned thirteen nominations at the 55th British Academy Film Awards, leading to wins in the categories for Best Film, Best Direction, Best Special Visual Effects, and the Orange Film of the Year Award. Other notable ceremonies where it received much recognition included the American Film Institute Awards, the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards, the Empire Awards, the Golden Globes, the MTV Movie Awards, the Satellite Awards, and Saturn Awards. Various critics groups, such as those in Chicago and Phoenix, also awarded the film. In total, The Fellowship of the Ring received 98 awards out of 152 nominations.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What recognition did the actor of Truman Capote from Capote receive?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 77775, "question": "who played truman capote in the movie capote", "answer": "Philip Seymour Hoffman", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 162341, "question": "#1 received what recognition?", "answer": "nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "answer_aliases": ["Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2322}
{"id": "2hop__55966_162341", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Celeste (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Noel Berry (Skytorn) and Matt Thorson (TowerFall) created a prototype of Celeste in four days during a game jam, now named Celeste Classic. The result was a difficult platformer with 30 levels for the Pico-8 fantasy video game console designed for speedrunning and precision reflexes. Kill Screen noted that the game was a departure from Thorson's TowerFall, and had more in common with the game mechanics of his older games and Super Mario Maker work. The developers also took inspiration from difficult, Super Nintendo-era platformers. Berry and Thorson developed the game into a standalone release with over 200 rooms spread between eight chapters. They livestreamed parts of their development process on Twitch. The game was also demoed at the 2016 PAX West Indie Megabooth. Celeste released on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows, Linux and macOS on January 25, 2018. The original Pico-8 prototype is included in the game as an unlockable minigame. The game will eventually receive a limited collector's edition. Thorson stated that he plans to release a set of \"farewell levels\" for Celeste some time in 2019.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2002 Rose Bowl", "paragraph_text": "The 2002 Rose Bowl, played on January 3, 2002, was a college football bowl game. It was the 88th Rose Bowl game and was the BCS National Championship Game of the 2001 college football season. The game featured the Miami Hurricanes and the Nebraska Cornhuskers, marking the first time since the 1919 Rose Bowl, and only the third time in the game's history, that neither the Big Ten nor the Pac - 10 Conferences had a representative in this game. The Hurricanes won the game, 37 -- 14, for their fifth national title. Miami quarterback Ken Dorsey and wide receiver Andre Johnson were named the Rose Bowl Players of the Game.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Philip Seymour Hoffman", "paragraph_text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 -- February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer. Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes, eccentrics, bullies, and misfits -- Hoffman acted in many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of NBA All-Stars", "paragraph_text": "Hall of Famer Kareem Abdul - Jabbar holds the record for most All - Star Game selections and most All - Star Games played. He was selected 19 times and played in 18 All - Star games. Dirk Nowitzki and LeBron James both hold the record for most All - Star Game selections among active players, with 13 selections. Bob Cousy, John Havlicek, and LeBron James are tied for the most consecutive games actually played, appearing in 13 straight All - Star Games. Tim Duncan also played in 13 straight All - Star Games if the lockout - cancelled 1999 game is excluded. Several players were named to All - Star Game rosters, but never actually played in the game due to injury.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Hunger Games (film series)", "paragraph_text": "The first three films set records at the box office. The Hunger Games (2012) set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film. The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013) set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November. The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 1 (2014) had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014. The films, including The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 2 (2015), received a positive reception from critics, with praise aimed at its themes and messages, as well as Jennifer Lawrence's portrayal of the main protagonist, Katniss Everdeen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of NBA All-Stars", "paragraph_text": "Hall of Famer Kareem Abdul - Jabbar holds the record for most All - Star Game selections and most All - Star Games played. He was selected 19 times and played in 18 All - Star games. LeBron James holds the record for most All - Star Game selections among active players, with 14 selections. LeBron James also holds the record for most consecutive games played, with 14. Bob Cousy and John Havlicek are tied for second most consecutive games actually played, appearing in 13 straight All - Star Games. Tim Duncan also played in 13 straight All - Star Games if the lockout - cancelled 1999 game is excluded. Several players were named to All - Star Game rosters, but never actually played in the game due to injury.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Super R.C. Pro-Am", "paragraph_text": "\"Super R.C. Pro-Am\" received moderate coverage from some video gaming magazines. It was praised for its graphics and sound, controls, challenge, and ability for up to four players to play the game simultaneously. Criticisms included repetitiveness in gameplay, lack of variety, and rapid scrolling on the Game Boy that may cause players to miss some items. It was featured on \"Nintendo Power\"s \"Top\u00a020\" Game Boy list for most of 1992.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jordan White (American football)", "paragraph_text": "Jordan White (born June 4, 1988) is a former American football wide receiver. He was drafted by the New York Jets in the seventh round of the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at Western Michigan University. As a senior in 2011 at Western Michigan, he led all players in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision in total receiving yards (1,911), total receptions (140), receiving yards per game (147.0) and receptions per game (10.77).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Super Mario Party", "paragraph_text": "Super Mario Party features online multiplayer for the first time in the Mario Party series. While Party Mode's board games are restricted to offline play, players are able to play the game's 80 minigames with other players either locally or online independent of the board games in the game's ``Online Mariothon ''mode. In the Online Mariothon mode, players compete in five randomly - selected minigames aiming to get the highest score. It also features leader boards and a ranking system, as well as rewards that the players can receive for playing the mode.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Willow Shields", "paragraph_text": "Willow Shields is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Primrose Everdeen in The Hunger Games film series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Sanguine Productions", "paragraph_text": "Sanguine Productions Ltd. is a role-playing game production house founded in 1997. Their games include \"Ironclaw\", \"Jadeclaw\", \"Albedo: Platinum Catalyst\", \"Usagi Yojimbo Role-Playing Game\", and \"Noggle Stones Role-Playing Game\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "2003 MacTier Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2003 MacTier Cup was a championship rugby union game for the RCSL. The game was played between the Calgary Mavericks and the Toronto Xtreme for the MacTier Cup trophy. The game was played to decide the champion of the 2003 RCSL season. The Mavericks defeated the Xtreme 40-24. The game was played in Calgary, Alberta.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Last Rebellion", "paragraph_text": "Last Rebellion is a role-playing video game video game developed by Nippon Ichi Software and Hit Maker and published by Nippon Ichi Software in Japan as well as in North America and Tecmo Koei in Europe exclusively for the PlayStation 3. The game was released on January 28, 2010 in Japan, in North America on February 23, 2010, and in Europe on March 26, 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Lynn Cohen", "paragraph_text": "Lynn Cohen (born August 10, 1933) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Magda in the HBO series Sex and the City and the 2008 film of the same name, as well as its 2010 sequel, and Mags in The Hunger Games: Catching Fire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Charlie Wilson's War (film)", "paragraph_text": "The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "New Carnival Games", "paragraph_text": "New Carnival Games is a party video game developed by Cat Daddy Games released on September 21, 2010 for the Wii and Nintendo DS. The game was published by 2K Play and is a sequel to \"Carnival Games\" and \"Carnival Games: Mini-Golf\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay \u2013 Part 2", "paragraph_text": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay -- Part 2 is a 2015 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Francis Lawrence, with a screenplay by Peter Craig and Danny Strong. It is the fourth and final installment in The Hunger Games film series, and the second of two films based on the novel Mockingjay, the final book in The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins. Produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, and distributed by Lionsgate, the film features an ensemble cast that includes Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Julianne Moore, Philip Seymour Hoffman, and Donald Sutherland. Hoffman died in February 2014, making Mockingjay -- Part 2 his final film role. Principal photography on both parts of the film began on September 23, 2013 in Atlanta, before moving to Paris for two weeks of back - to - back filming and officially concluding on June 20, 2014, in Berlin and at Babelsberg Studios, Germany.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Spaceward Ho!", "paragraph_text": "Spaceward Ho! is a turn-based science fiction computer strategy game that was written by Peter Commons, designed by Joe Williams (Joedelta) and published by Delta Tao Software. The first version was released in 1990, and further upgrades followed regularly; the current version, 5.0.5, was released on July 8, 2003. It has received wide recognition in the Macintosh community, for example being inducted into the Macworld Game Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery", "paragraph_text": "Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery is a role - playing video game based on J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. The game was developed and published by Jam City, under licence from Portkey Games, and released on 25 April 2018 for Android and iOS devices. The game is set in Hogwarts before the events of the novels, featuring a customisable protagonist. The game received mixed reviews; it was praised for its use of the Harry Potter licence but criticised for its energy mechanic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt", "paragraph_text": "The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 19 May 2015. The game received critical acclaim, with praise of its gameplay, narrative, world design, combat, and visuals, although it received minor criticism due to technical issues, some of which were later patched. It received numerous Game of the Year awards, and is considered to be one of the greatest games of all time. The game was also a commercial success, shipping nearly ten million copies by March 2016. Two expansion packs, Hearts of Stone and Blood and Wine, were also released. A Game of the Year edition, with the base game, expansion packs and all downloadable content, was released in August 2016.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What kind of recognition did the actor who played the game maker in hunger games receive?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 55966, "question": "who played the game maker in hunger games", "answer": "Philip Seymour Hoffman", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 162341, "question": "#1 received what recognition?", "answer": "nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "answer_aliases": ["Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2188}
{"id": "2hop__43776_162341", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Fiddler on the Roof", "paragraph_text": "The film version was released in 1971, directed and produced by Norman Jewison, and Stein adapted his own book for the screenplay. The casting of Chaim Topol over Zero Mostel for the role of Tevye caused controversy at first. The film received mostly positive reviews from film critics and became the highest - grossing film of 1971. Fiddler received eight Oscar nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Jewison, Best Actor in a Leading Role for Topol, and Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Leonard Frey (as Motel; in the original Broadway production, Frey was the rabbi's son). It won three, including best score / adaptation for arranger - conductor John Williams.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The King's Speech", "paragraph_text": "At the 83rd Academy Awards, \"The King's Speech\" won the Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Director (Hooper), Best Actor (Firth), and Best Original Screenplay (Seidler). The film had received 12 Oscar nominations, more than any other film in that year. Besides the four categories it won, the film received nominations for Best Cinematography (Danny Cohen) and two for the supporting actors (Bonham Carter and Rush), as well as two for its mise-en-sc\u00e8ne: Art Direction and Costumes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Beyond the Hills", "paragraph_text": "The film premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, where Mungiu won the award for Best Screenplay, and Flutur and Stratan shared the award for Best Actress. It was selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, making the January shortlist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Million Dollar Baby", "paragraph_text": "Million Dollar Baby received the award for Best Picture of 2004 at the 77th Academy Awards. Clint Eastwood was awarded his second Best Director Oscar for the film, and also received a Best Actor in a Leading Role nomination. Hilary Swank and Morgan Freeman received Best Actress in a Leading Role and Best Actor in a Supporting Role Oscars, respectively. Joel Cox, Eastwood's editor for many years, was nominated for Best Film Editing, and Paul Haggis was nominated for the Best Adapted Screenplay award. The film was named the third ``Best Film of the 21st Century So Far ''in 2017 by The New York Times.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories", "paragraph_text": "As of 2018, 41 actors and actresses have received two or more Academy Awards in acting categories. Katharine Hepburn leads the way with four Best Actress awards. Five have won three Academy Awards: Ingrid Bergman (two Best Actress awards and one Best Supporting Actress award), Walter Brennan (three Best Supporting Actor awards), Jack Nicholson (two Best Actor awards and one Best Supporting Actor award), Meryl Streep (two Best Actress awards and one Best Supporting Actress award), and Daniel Day - Lewis (three Best Actor awards). Brennan was the first to receive three or more Academy Awards in 1940, followed by Hepburn in 1968, Bergman in 1974, Nicholson in 1997, Streep in 2011, and most recently Day - Lewis in 2012. Of the six, only Nicholson, Streep, and Day - Lewis are still living.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Charlie Wilson's War (film)", "paragraph_text": "The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "paragraph_text": "The film was released in North America on December 25, 2008 to positive reviews. The film went on to receive thirteen Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Fincher, Best Actor for Pitt, and Best Supporting Actress for Taraji P. Henson, and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, and Best Visual Effects.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Inglourious Basterds", "paragraph_text": "Inglourious Basterds grossed over $321 million in theaters worldwide, making it Tarantino's highest-grossing film until the release of Django Unchained (2012); it remains his second-highest-grossing film. It received multiple awards and nominations, among them eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. For his role as Landa, Waltz won the Cannes Film Festival's Best Actor Award, as well as the BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild, Golden Globe, and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year", "paragraph_text": "Year (Ceremony) Actor / Actress Category Film title used in nomination Result 1938 (11th) Fay Bainter Best Actress White Banners Nominated Best Supporting Actress Jezebel Academy Award! Won 1942 (15th) Teresa Wright Best Actress The Pride of the Yankees Nominated Best Supporting Actress Mrs. Miniver Academy Award! Won 1944 (17th) Barry Fitzgerald Best Actor Going My Way Nominated Best Supporting Actor Academy Award! Won 1982 (55th) Jessica Lange Best Actress Frances Nominated Best Supporting Actress Tootsie Academy Award! Won 1988 (61st) Sigourney Weaver Best Actress Gorillas in the Mist Nominated Best Supporting Actress Working Girl Nominated 1992 (65th) Al Pacino Best Actor Scent of a Woman Academy Award! Won Best Supporting Actor Glengarry Glen Ross Nominated 1993 (66th) Holly Hunter Best Actress The Piano Academy Award! Won Best Supporting Actress The Firm Nominated Emma Thompson Best Actress The Remains of the Day Nominated Best Supporting Actress In the Name of the Father Nominated 2002 (75th) Julianne Moore Best Actress Far from Heaven Nominated Best Supporting Actress The Hours Nominated (77th) Jamie Foxx Best Actor Ray Academy Award! Won Best Supporting Actor Collateral Nominated 2007 (80th) Cate Blanchett Best Actress Elizabeth: The Golden Age Nominated Best Supporting Actress I'm Not There Nominated", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois B\u00e9gaudeau", "paragraph_text": "Fran\u00e7ois B\u00e9gaudeau (; born 27 April 1971) is a French writer, journalist, and actor. He is best known for co-writing and starring in \"Entre les murs\" (2008), a film based on his 2006 novel of the same name. The film won the Palme d'Or at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Andrew Scott (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Scott (born October 21, 1976) is an Irish film, television, and stage actor. In 2010, he achieved widespread recognition playing the role of Jim Moriarty in the BBC series Sherlock, a dramatic role which continued until 2017. In 2017 he won acclaim playing the title role of Hamlet in a production first staged at the Almeida Theatre, directed by Robert Icke, and for which he has been nominated for a 2018 Olivier Award for Best Actor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Heureux Anniversaire", "paragraph_text": "Heureux Anniversaire (also known as \"Happy Anniversary\") is a 1962 French short comedy film directed by Pierre \u00c9taix. It won an Oscar in 1963 for Best Short Subject.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "78th Academy Awards", "paragraph_text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman -- Capote as Truman Capote Terrence Howard -- Hustle & Flow as DJay Heath Ledger -- Brokeback Mountain as Ennis Del Mar Joaquin Phoenix -- Walk the Line as Johnny Cash David Strathairn -- Good Night, and Good Luck as Edward R. Murrow", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Paul Allen", "paragraph_text": "Allen and his sister Jody Allen together were the owners and executive producers of Vulcan Productions, a television and film production company headquartered in Seattle within the entertainment division of Vulcan Inc. Their films have received various recognition, ranging from a Peabody to Independent Spirit Awards, Grammys and Emmys. In 2014 alone, Allen's film, \"We The Economy,\" won 12 awards including a Webby award for best Online News & Politics Series. The films have also been nominated for Golden Globes and Academy Awards among many others. Vulcan Productions' films and documentary projects include \"Far from Heaven\" (2002), \"Hard Candy\" (2005), \"Rx for Survival: A Global Health Challenge\" (2005), \"Where God Left His Shoes\" (2006), \"\" (2007), \"This Emotional Life\" (2010), \"We The Economy\" (2014) \"Racing Extinction\" (2015) and Oscar-nominated \"Body Team 12\" (2015).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "45 Years", "paragraph_text": "45 Years is a 2015 British romantic drama film directed and written by Andrew Haigh. The film is based on the short story \"In Another Country\" by David Constantine. The film premiered in the main competition section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival. Charlotte Rampling won the Silver Bear for Best Actress and Tom Courtenay won the Silver Bear for Best Actor. At the 88th Academy Awards, Rampling received a nomination for Best Actress in a Leading Role.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Denzel Washington", "paragraph_text": "Year Nominated work Category Result 1988 Cry Freedom Best Supporting Actor Nominated 1990 Glory Best Supporting Actor Won 1993 Malcolm X Best Actor Nominated 2000 The Hurricane Best Actor Nominated 2002 Training Day Best Actor Won 2013 Flight Best Actor Nominated 2017 Fences Best Actor Nominated Best Picture Nominated", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Omen", "paragraph_text": "Released theatrically by 20th Century Fox in June 1976, \"The Omen\" received acclaim from critics and was a commercial success, grossing over $60 million at the box office and becoming one of the highest-grossing films of 1976. The film earned two Oscar nominations, and won for Best Original Score for Jerry Goldsmith, his only Oscar win. A scene from the film appeared at #16 on Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments. The film spawned a franchise, starting with \"\", released two years later, and followed by a third installment, \"\", in 1981. A remake was released in 2006.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "84th Academy Awards", "paragraph_text": "The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2012. The Artist was the second silent feature to win Best Picture. The 1927 film Wings was the first such film to achieve this distinction at the inaugural awards ceremony in 1929. Moreover, it was also the first black - and - white feature to win Best Picture since 1993's Schindler's List. Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar. With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the fifth performer to win at least three acting Oscars. At age 82, Best Supporting Actor winner Christopher Plummer also made Oscar history by becoming the oldest ever performer to win a competitive acting Oscar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "It's Kind of a Funny Story", "paragraph_text": "It's Kind of a Funny Story is a 2006 novel by American author Ned Vizzini. The book was inspired by Vizzini's own brief hospitalization for depression in November 2004. Ned Vizzini later committed suicide on December 19, 2013. The book received recognition as a 2007 Best Book for Young Adults from the American Library Association.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon", "paragraph_text": "Damon and Ben Affleck wrote \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997), a screenplay about a young math genius, which received nine Academy Awards nominations, earning Damon and Affleck Oscars and Golden Globes for Best Screenplay. Damon was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for the same film. Since then he has received dozens of nominations and awards for his work as an actor, screenwriter, and producer including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role in \"The Martian\".", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What other recognition did the Oscar winner for Best Actor in 2006 receive?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 43776, "question": "who won the oscar for best actor in 2006", "answer": "Philip Seymour Hoffman", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 162341, "question": "#1 received what recognition?", "answer": "nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "answer_aliases": ["Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2291}
{"id": "2hop__703493_162341", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of The Magic School Bus characters", "paragraph_text": "Liz is the class pet Jackson's chameleon who goes on most of the field trips with Ms. Frizzle and the students, often getting herself into dangerous comedic situations. She appears to get jealous when the bus receives more attention than she does. In the episode ``Gets Ants In Its Pants '', she is visibly annoyed and disappointed when she does not get the recognition she deserves.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Charlie Wilson's War (film)", "paragraph_text": "The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Lord of the Flies (1990 film)", "paragraph_text": "One night, as they sleep, the delusional Captain Benson wanders away from the boys and into the jungle, eventually making his way to a cave deep inland. Jack brings all of his hunters to hunt in the jungle, leaving no one watching the fire. The fire goes out, preventing a passing helicopter from noticing them. Ralph blames Jack for failing to keep it going. During the ensuing fight, Jack, tired of listening to Ralph and Piggy, leaves and forms his own camp, taking many of the boys with him. As more and more boys defect to Jack's side, one of the younger boys, Larry, finds Captain Benson in the cave, mistakes him for a monster and stabs him, and then tells the other boys. Jack and his second - in - command Roger (Gary Rule) then go to the cave's entrance and mistakes Captain Benson's dying groans for the sounds of a monster.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Fairmile C motor gun boat", "paragraph_text": "The Fairmile C motor gun boat was a type of Motor Gun Boat designed by Norman Hart of Fairmile Marine for the Royal Navy. An intermediate design, twenty-four boats were built in 1941 receiving the designations MGB 312 - 335.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jack Goes Boating (film)", "paragraph_text": "Jack Goes Boating is a 2010 American romantic comedy film directed by Philip Seymour Hoffman (in his only career directorial effort) and stars Hoffman in the title role, as well as Amy Ryan, John Ortiz and Daphne Rubin-Vega. The film's script was written by Robert Glaudini, based on his 2007 play \"Jack Goes Boating\". The film's cast was mostly the same as the cast of the play's premiere at The Public Theater, although Amy Ryan replaced Beth Cole. The film was produced by Overture Films and Relativity Media. It premiered at the 26th Sundance Film Festival and was later released in the United States on September 17, 2010.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Information Received", "paragraph_text": "Information Received is a 1961 British crime film directed by Robert Lynn and starring Sabine Sesselmann, William Sylvester and Hermione Baddeley. In the film, a police detective goes undercover to infiltrate a safe-breaking outfit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "John Kerry", "paragraph_text": "Kerry received his second Purple Heart for a wound received in action on the B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 River on February 20, 1969. The plan had been for the Swift boats to be accompanied by support helicopters. On the way up the Bo De, however, the helicopters were attacked. As the Swift boats reached the C\u1eeda L\u1edbn River, Kerry's boat was hit by a B-40 rocket (rocket propelled grenade round), and a piece of shrapnel hit Kerry's left leg, wounding him. Thereafter, enemy fire ceased and his boat reached the Gulf of Thailand safely. Kerry continues to have shrapnel embedded in his left thigh because the doctors that first treated him decided to remove the damaged tissue and close the wound with sutures rather than make a wide opening to remove the shrapnel. Though wounded like several others earlier that day, Kerry did not lose any time off from duty.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "IEEE Ernst Weber Engineering Leadership Recognition", "paragraph_text": "The IEEE Ernst Weber Engineering Leadership Recognition, now called the IEEE Ernst Weber Managerial Leadership Award, was established by the Board of Directors of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1985. This award is presented \"for exceptional managerial leadership in the fields of interest to the IEEE\". Recipients of this award will receive a certificate and a crystal sculpture.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jack Ag\u00fceros", "paragraph_text": "Jack Ag\u00fceros (September 2, 1934 \u2013 May 4, 2014) was an American community activist, poet, writer, and translator, and the former director of El Museo del Barrio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "MacGyver (2016 TV series)", "paragraph_text": "George Eads as Jack Dalton: Mac's partner in the field and a former Delta Force soldier. Jack's history with Mac goes back to his days in the Army and unlike Mac, he is not afraid to use guns in the field. He also has history with Riley, because he was once in a relationship with her mother and had an altercation with her abusive father. While mostly easy - going and laid - back, Jack can get serious when the situation calls for it and often calls upon his special forces training to help the team get out of a tight spot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "paragraph_text": "Julie finds an article mentioning Susie's father, Ben Willis, and realizes that Ben was the man they ran over, moments after he had killed David to avenge his daughter. She then goes to the docks to tell Ray, but he refuses to believe her. Julie notices Ray's boat is called Billy Blue and runs away. Ben appears, knocking Ray unconscious, and invites Julie to hide on his boat. On the boat, she finds photos and articles about her friends and her, and pictures of Susie. Ben's boat leaves the docks, and he begins tormenting Julie, chasing her below deck; there, she uncovers the bodies of Helen and Barry in the boat's ice box. Ray regains consciousness and steals a motorboat to rescue Julie. He ultimately uses the rigging to sever Ben's hand and send him overboard. When the police question them, they deny knowing why Ben attempted to kill them, but they are relieved not to have actually killed anybody the previous summer, and reconcile.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Samurai Jack (season 5)", "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of Samurai Jack is the final season of the animated series. This season of Samurai Jack follows Jack on a journey that concludes his story. It premiered on the Toonami programming block of Adult Swim on March 11, 2017 and concluded its run on May 20, 2017. The announcement of the season came in December 2015, eleven years since the series was originally concluded on Cartoon Network. Genndy Tartakovsky, the series' creator, returned as a director, writer, and storyboarder for this season. The season received universal acclaim from critics, praising it for its more intense and mature tone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ad\u00e9lie Land", "paragraph_text": "Ad\u00e9lie Land (\"French: Terre Ad\u00e9lie\") is a claimed territory on the continent of Antarctica. It stretches from a coastline area along the Great Southern Ocean inland all the way to the South Pole. France administrates it as one of five districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands since 1955 and apply the Antarctic Treaty System rules since 1961. Article 4 deals with territorial claims, and although it does not renounce or diminish any preexisting claims to sovereignty, it also does not prejudice the position of Contracting Parties in their recognition or non-recognition of territorial sovereignty. France has had a permanent station in Ad\u00e9lie Land since April 9, 1950. The current Dumont d'Urville Station has a winter population around 33, but this goes up to about 78 during the Antarctic summer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Jacqueline Fontyn", "paragraph_text": "Jacqueline, Baroness Fontyn (born 27 December 1930) is a contemporary Belgian composer, pianist and music educator. She was born in Antwerp, and has received the title of baroness from the King of Belgium in recognition of her many artistic contributions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Rhythm Thief", "paragraph_text": "Rhythm Thief is a 1994 low budget independent feature film made in New York City\u2019s Lower East Side that was awarded a Special Jury Recognition for Directing at the Sundance Film Festival and was called \u201cInventive, exciting, original\u201d by director Martin Scorsese.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Jack L. Davis", "paragraph_text": "Jack L. Davis (born August 13, 1950) is Carl W. Blegen Professor of Greek Archaeology at the University of Cincinnati in Ohio and is a former Director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer", "paragraph_text": "Julie finds an article mentioning Susie's father, Ben Willis, and realizes it is Ben they ran over, moments after he had killed David to avenge his daughter. She then goes to the docks to tell Ray, but he refuses to believe her. Julie notices Ray's boat is called Billy Blue and runs away before Ray can explain that he went to see Missy to relieve his conscience. Ben appears, knocks Ray out, and invites Julie to hide on his boat. Looking around, she finds photos and articles about her friends and her, and pictures of Susie. Ben's boat leaves the docks, as Ray regains consciousness and steals a motorboat to rescue Julie, who is being chased all around Ben's boat. Ray ultimately uses the rigging to sever Ben's hook - carrying hand and send him overboard. When the police question them, they deny knowing why Ben attempted to kill them, but they are relieved not to have actually killed anybody the previous summer, and reconcile.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Jack Russell Terrier", "paragraph_text": "Jack Russells are an energetic breed that rely on a high level of exercise and stimulation and are relatively free from serious health complaints. Originating from dogs bred and used by Reverend John Russell in the early 19th century, from whom the breed takes its name, the Jack Russell has similar origins to the modern Fox terrier. It has gone through several changes over the years, corresponding to different use and breed standards set by kennel clubs. Recognition by kennel clubs for the Jack Russell breed has been opposed by the breed's parent societies -- which resulted in the breeding and recognition of the Parson Russell terrier. Jack Russells have appeared many times in film, television, and print -- with several historical dogs of note.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The Frog", "paragraph_text": "The Frog is a 1937 British crime film directed by Jack Raymond and starring Noah Beery, Jack Hawkins and Richard Ainley. The film is about the police chasing a criminal mastermind who goes by the name of The Frog. It was based on a novel by Edgar Wallace. It was followed by a loose sequel \"The Return of the Frog\", the following year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Enrique G\u00f3mez", "paragraph_text": "Enrique G\u00f3mez (1916\u20131955) was a Spanish screenwriter and film director. G\u00f3mez was a Catalan from Barcelona, who directed eleven feature films between 1945 and 1954, including the bullfighting saga \"The Party Goes On\" (1948), before his career was ended by his early death.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What recognition did the Jack Goes Boating director receive?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 703493, "question": "Jack Goes Boating >> director", "answer": "Philip Seymour Hoffman", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 162341, "question": "#1 received what recognition?", "answer": "nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", "answer_aliases": ["Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2173}
{"id": "2hop__153573_44085", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "Tourism is a major industry owing to the city's climate, its beaches, and numerous tourist attractions such as Balboa Park, Belmont amusement park, San Diego Zoo, San Diego Zoo Safari Park, and SeaWorld San Diego. San Diego's Spanish and Mexican heritage is reflected in the many historic sites across the city, such as Mission San Diego de Alcala and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. Also, the local craft brewing industry attracts an increasing number of visitors for \"beer tours\" and the annual San Diego Beer Week in November; San Diego has been called \"America's Craft Beer Capital.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dave's Old Porn", "paragraph_text": "Dave's Old Porn was a comedy show starring Dave Attell that premiered on Showtime on October 20, 2011. Attell has described the series as \"the \"Mystery Science Theater\" of porn.\" Through the show's Twitter account, Attell revealed Showtime passed on a third season, and that he intends to continue the show in a smaller form through the website.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Mickey Mouse Club", "paragraph_text": "The Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show that aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned in 2017 to social media. Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions, the program was first televised in 1955 by ABC, featuring a regular but ever - changing cast of mostly teen performers. ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958 -- 1959 season, airing right after American Bandstand. The show was revived after its initial 1955 -- 1959 run on ABC, first from 1977 -- 1979 for first - run syndication, again from 1989 -- 1996 as The All - New Mickey Mouse Club (also known to fans as MMC from 1993 -- 1996) airing exclusively on cable television's The Disney Channel, then rebooted in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of incidents at Disneyland Resort", "paragraph_text": "On November 26, 2016, a 40 - year - old man jumped to his death from the Mickey & Friends Parking Structure just after 2: 00 a.m. He was rushed to UC Irvine Medical Center and pronounced dead at 3: 08 a.m.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mickey's Revue", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Revue is a 1932 Walt Disney cartoon, directed by Wilfred Jackson, which features Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Horace Horsecollar and Clarabelle Cow performing a song and dance show.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Old Grey Whistle Theft", "paragraph_text": "\"Old Grey Whistle Theft\" is the fourth episode of the second series of the Channel 4 sitcom \"Father Ted\". The title is a pun on the BBC TV music show \"The Old Grey Whistle Test\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Phantom Blot", "paragraph_text": "The Phantom Blot is a fictional character featured in various media by The Walt Disney Company. He is an enemy of Mickey Mouse. He first appeared in the \"Mickey Mouse\" comic strip adventure \"Mickey Mouse Outwits the Phantom Blot\" by Floyd Gottfredson, which was published in the form of daily strips from May 20 to September 9, 1939.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Panthera hybrid", "paragraph_text": "Reportedly, at the Altiplano Zoo in the city of San Pablo Apetatlan (near Tlaxcala, M\u00e9xico), the crossbreeding of a male Siberian tiger and a female jaguar from the southern Chiapas Jungle produced a male tiguar named Mickey. Mickey is on exhibition at a 400 m2 habitat and as of June 2009, was two years old and weighed 180 kg (400 lb). Attempts to verify this report have been bolstered by recent images purported to show the adult Mickey (see External links section). There has been no report of the birth of a healthy hybrid from a male jaguar and female tiger, which would be termed a \"jagger\".There is a claimed sighting of a lion \u00d7 black jaguar cross (male) and a tiger \u00d7 black jaguar cross (female) loose in Maui, Hawaii. There are no authenticated tiger/jaguar hybrids and the description matches that of a liger. The alleged tiger \u00d7 black jaguar was large, relatively long necked (probably due to lack of a ruff or mane) with both stripes and \"jaguar-like\" rosettes on its sides. The assertion of hybrid identity was due to the combination of black, dark brown, light brown, dark orange, dark yellow and beige markings and the tiger-like stripes radiating from its face. It is more likely to have been a released liger since these are very large and have a mix of rosettes (lion juvenile markings) and stripes and can have a brindled mix of colours exactly as described (their markings are extremely variable).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model (series 9)", "paragraph_text": "The winner of the competition was 23 - year - old Lauren Lambert from Wallington, Surrey, England. Lambert is the first winner of the series to have received a total of four first call - outs during the competition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Metal Mickey", "paragraph_text": "The character of Metal Mickey first appeared on British television in the ITV children's magazine show \"The Saturday Banana,\" produced by Southern Television in 1978. Humphrey Barclay saw Mickey on Jimmy Savile's 'Jim'll Fix It' television show. Seeing the children chatting in the marketplace with the friendly robot, this led to the creation of the \"Metal Mickey\" television show. Within a month the pilot had been video-taped and shortly after this the series went live with its first six episodes. 41 episodes were made in total, broadcast over three separate seasons between September 1980 and January 1983. The show attracted viewing figures of around 12 million at its peak. Micky Dolenz, formerly of The Monkees pop group, was brought in to produce and direct the series along with Nic Phillips and David Crossman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Safari School", "paragraph_text": "Safari School is a BBC Two reality television series presented by Dr Charlotte Uhlenbroek in which eight celebrities take part in a four-week ranger training course in the Shamwari Game Reserve in South Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh - O - Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. ``Mortimer Mouse ''had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim, however, has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse's development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Chevrolet Astro", "paragraph_text": "Chevrolet Astro / GMC Safari Overview Manufacturer General Motors Also called GMC Safari Production 1985 -- 2005 Assembly Baltimore Assembly, Baltimore, Maryland Body and chassis Class Van Body style 3 - door cargo van 3 - door passenger van Layout Front engine, Rear - wheel drive / All - wheel drive Powertrain Transmission 4 - speed Automatic 4 - speed Manual 5 - speed manual Chronology Successor Chevrolet Uplander (Astro, passenger van) Chevrolet Traverse (Astro, passenger van) GMC Acadia (Safari, passenger van) Chevrolet City Express (Astro and Safari, cargo van) Chevrolet Express (Astro and Safari, both cargo and passenger)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Rivers of Fire and Ice", "paragraph_text": "Rivers of Fire and Ice, or African Safari as it was alternately titled, is a Crown International Pictures 1969 motion picture filmed in documentary format. Directed, written and produced by wildlife photographer Ron Shanin, the film is an account of a safari through \"wildest\" Africa and explores Africa's diversity ranging from scorching deserts to the frozen heights of Mt. Kilimanjaro, and the life of the continent's inhabitants. The movie culminates with the eruption of Mt Kilimanjaro.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Mickey's Safari in Letterland", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse. In this game, Mickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories (including places inspired by the Yukon and the Caribbean). There are three levels of difficulty.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mickey's Big Game Hunt", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Big Game Hunt is a 1928 silent short film in Larry Darmour's \"Mickey McGuire\" series starring a young Mickey Rooney. Directed by Albert Herman, the two-reel short was released to theaters on December 23, 1928 by FBO.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Challenge (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The Challenge (originally known as Road Rules: All Stars, followed by Real World / Road Rules Challenge) is a reality game show on MTV that is spun off from the network's two reality shows, Real World and Road Rules. It features alumni from these two shows, in addition to first - time cast members called 'Fresh Meat', alumni from Are You the One?, and relatives of these cast members called 'Bloodlines', competing against one another for a cash prize. The Challenge is currently hosted by T.J. Lavin. The series premiered on June 1, 1998. The title of the show was originally Road Rules: All Stars before it was renamed Real World / Road Rules Challenge by the show's 2nd season, then later abridged to simply The Challenge by the show's 19th season. The series initially used no hosts but instead a former cast member who had been kicked off his or her season, providing assignments as ``Mr. ''or`` Ms. Big'' (David ``Puck ''Rainey, David Edwards, and Gladys Sanabria served this role). Later on, however, the series began using hosts: Eric Nies and Mark Long co-hosted a season, and Jonny Moseley and Dave Mirra hosted various seasons before T.J. Lavin became the show's regular host by the 11th season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Randy and Sharon Marsh", "paragraph_text": "Randy Marsh and Sharon Marsh (n\u00e9e Kimble) are fictional characters in the animated television series \"South Park\". They are the most prominent set of parents on the show and a middle-class married couple who raise their 10-year-old son Stan and 13-year-old daughter Shelly in the fictional town of South Park, Colorado. Their first names are derived from the first names of series co-creator Trey Parker's parents, and Parker describes Randy as \"the biggest dingbat in the entire show\". According to the season 16 episode \"Reverse Cowgirl\", the Marsh home address is 260 Avenidas de los Mexicanos.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The Famous Jett Jackson", "paragraph_text": "The Famous Jett Jackson is a joint Canadian-American coming-of-age television series for the Disney Channel. The show is about a boy named Jett Jackson (Lee Thompson Young) who plays a teenage secret agent on a fictional TV show-within-a-show called \"Silverstone\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Wood", "paragraph_text": "Wide-ringed wood is often called \"second-growth\", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such \"second-growth\" hardwood material is preferred. This is particularly the case in the choice of hickory for handles and spokes. Here not only strength, but toughness and resilience are important. The results of a series of tests on hickory by the U.S. Forest Service show that:", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What was the show named after the character featured in the video game Mickey's Safari in Letterland?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 153573, "question": "What series is Mickey's Safari in Letterland from?", "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 44085, "question": "what was the old #1 show called", "answer": "The Mickey Mouse Club", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}], "answer": "The Mickey Mouse Club", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2428}
{"id": "2hop__153573_109006", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Metal Mickey", "paragraph_text": "The character of Metal Mickey first appeared on British television in the ITV children's magazine show \"The Saturday Banana,\" produced by Southern Television in 1978. Humphrey Barclay saw Mickey on Jimmy Savile's 'Jim'll Fix It' television show. Seeing the children chatting in the marketplace with the friendly robot, this led to the creation of the \"Metal Mickey\" television show. Within a month the pilot had been video-taped and shortly after this the series went live with its first six episodes. 41 episodes were made in total, broadcast over three separate seasons between September 1980 and January 1983. The show attracted viewing figures of around 12 million at its peak. Micky Dolenz, formerly of The Monkees pop group, was brought in to produce and direct the series along with Nic Phillips and David Crossman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Traffic Department 2192", "paragraph_text": "Traffic Department 2192 is a top down shooter game for IBM PC, developed by P-Squared Productions and released in 1994 by Safari Software and distributed by Epic MegaGames. The full game contains three episodes (Alpha, Beta, Gamma), each with twenty missions, in which the player pilots a \"hoverskid\" about a war-torn city to complete certain mission objectives. The game was released as freeware under the Creative Commons License CC BY-ND 3.0 in 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Pointer", "paragraph_text": "The cartoon follows Mickey Mouse as he tries to teach his dog Pluto to be a pointer dog during a quail hunt. It was directed by Clyde Geronimi and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey and Lee Millar as Pluto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable characters.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mickey's Big Game Hunt", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Big Game Hunt is a 1928 silent short film in Larry Darmour's \"Mickey McGuire\" series starring a young Mickey Rooney. Directed by Albert Herman, the two-reel short was released to theaters on December 23, 1928 by FBO.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "History of the web browser", "paragraph_text": "Precursors to the web browser emerged in the form of hyperlinked applications during the mid and late 1980s, and following these, Tim Berners - Lee is credited with developing in 1990 both the first web server, and the first web browser, called WorldWideWeb (no spaces) and later renamed Nexus. Many others were soon developed, with Marc Andreessen's 1993 Mosaic (later Netscape), being particularly easy to use and install, and often credited with sparking the internet boom of the 1990s. Today, the major web browsers are Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Edge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mickey Mouse Disco", "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse Disco is an album released by Disneyland Records in 1979. A late entry in the genre of disco, \"Mickey Mouse Disco\" included disco versions of Disney songs and Disney-fied versions of disco hits. The album was re-released on CD in 1995, and is currently available for download from iTunes. On April 13, 2019, the original LP was reissued for the annual Record Store Day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Copyright Term Extension Act", "paragraph_text": "Since 1990, The Walt Disney Company had lobbied for copyright extension. The legalisation delayed the entry into the public domain of the earliest Mickey Mouse movies, leading detractors to the nickname ``The Mickey Mouse Protection Act ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Safari School", "paragraph_text": "Safari School is a BBC Two reality television series presented by Dr Charlotte Uhlenbroek in which eight celebrities take part in a four-week ranger training course in the Shamwari Game Reserve in South Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Mickey Mouse Club", "paragraph_text": "The Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show that aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned in 2017 to social media. Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions, the program was first televised in 1955 by ABC, featuring a regular but ever - changing cast of mostly teen performers. ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958 -- 1959 season, airing right after American Bandstand. The show was revived after its initial 1955 -- 1959 run on ABC, first from 1977 -- 1979 for first - run syndication, again from 1989 -- 1996 as The All - New Mickey Mouse Club (also known to fans as MMC from 1993 -- 1996) airing exclusively on cable television's The Disney Channel, then rebooted in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Mickey Mouse Clubhouse", "paragraph_text": "Wayne Allwine as Mickey Mouse and Martian Mickey (2006 -- 09) Bret Iwan as Mickey Mouse, Martian Mickey, and Count Mickula (2009 -- 16) Russi Taylor as Minnie Mouse, Martian Minnie, and Quoodles Tony Anselmo as Donald Duck Tress MacNeille as Daisy Duck, Chip, Baby Red Bird, and Mommy Red Bird Bill Farmer as Goofy, Pluto, Goofbot, and Goofles Rob Paulsen as Toodles", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Phantom Blot", "paragraph_text": "The Phantom Blot is a fictional character featured in various media by The Walt Disney Company. He is an enemy of Mickey Mouse. He first appeared in the \"Mickey Mouse\" comic strip adventure \"Mickey Mouse Outwits the Phantom Blot\" by Floyd Gottfredson, which was published in the form of daily strips from May 20 to September 9, 1939.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Mickey generally appears alongside his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, his pet dog Pluto, his friends Donald Duck and Goofy, and his nemesis Pete, among others (see Mickey Mouse universe). Though originally characterized as a cheeky lovable rogue, Mickey was rebranded over time as a nice guy, usually seen as an honest and bodacious hero. In 2009, Disney began to rebrand the character again by putting less emphasis on his friendly, well-meaning persona and reintroducing the more menacing and stubborn sides of his personality, beginning with the video game \"Epic Mickey\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Mickey's Revue", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Revue is a 1932 Walt Disney cartoon, directed by Wilfred Jackson, which features Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Horace Horsecollar and Clarabelle Cow performing a song and dance show.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Chevrolet Astro", "paragraph_text": "Chevrolet Astro / GMC Safari Overview Manufacturer General Motors Also called GMC Safari Production 1985 -- 2005 Assembly Baltimore Assembly, Baltimore, Maryland Body and chassis Class Van Body style 3 - door cargo van 3 - door passenger van Layout Front engine, Rear - wheel drive / All - wheel drive Powertrain Transmission 4 - speed Automatic 4 - speed Manual 5 - speed manual Chronology Successor Chevrolet Uplander (Astro, passenger van) Chevrolet Traverse (Astro, passenger van) GMC Acadia (Safari, passenger van) Chevrolet City Express (Astro and Safari, cargo van) Chevrolet Express (Astro and Safari, both cargo and passenger)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Mickey first appeared in the short Plane Crazy, debuting publicly in the short film Steamboat Willie (1928), one of the first sound cartoons. He went on to appear in over 130 films, including The Band Concert (1935), Brave Little Tailor (1938), and Fantasia (1940). Mickey appeared primarily in short films, but also occasionally in feature - length films. Ten of Mickey's cartoons were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, one of which, Lend a Paw, won the award in 1942. In 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Mickey Rooney Show", "paragraph_text": "The Mickey Rooney Show (also known as Hey, Mulligan) is an American sitcom that aired from 1954 to 1955 on NBC. The series stars Mickey Rooney (in his first television role) who was particularly remembered for his starring role in numerous Andy Hardy films made between 1937 and 1958, which overlapped with \"Hey Mulligan\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Rivers of Fire and Ice", "paragraph_text": "Rivers of Fire and Ice, or African Safari as it was alternately titled, is a Crown International Pictures 1969 motion picture filmed in documentary format. Directed, written and produced by wildlife photographer Ron Shanin, the film is an account of a safari through \"wildest\" Africa and explores Africa's diversity ranging from scorching deserts to the frozen heights of Mt. Kilimanjaro, and the life of the continent's inhabitants. The movie culminates with the eruption of Mt Kilimanjaro.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh - O - Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. ``Mortimer Mouse ''had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim, however, has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse's development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Mickey's Safari in Letterland", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse. In this game, Mickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories (including places inspired by the Yukon and the Caribbean). There are three levels of difficulty.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who developed the eponymous character from the series that contains Mickey's Safari in Letterland?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 153573, "question": "What series is Mickey's Safari in Letterland from?", "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 109006, "question": "Who developed #1 ?", "answer": "Walt Disney", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "Walt Disney", "answer_aliases": ["Ub Iwerks"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2051}
{"id": "2hop__153573_45901", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Safari School", "paragraph_text": "Safari School is a BBC Two reality television series presented by Dr Charlotte Uhlenbroek in which eight celebrities take part in a four-week ranger training course in the Shamwari Game Reserve in South Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Peter Cullen", "paragraph_text": "Peter Claver Cullen (born July 28, 1941) is a Canadian voice actor. He is best known as the voice of Optimus Prime (as well as Ironhide) in the original 1980s Transformers animated series, and most other incarnations of the character, as well, and Eeyore in the Winnie - the - Pooh franchise. He also voiced Monterey Jack in Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers from season one through some of season two. Starting in 2007, Cullen has reprised his role as Optimus Prime in related Transformers media, starting with the first live - action film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "Lacey Chabert voiced Meg for the first production season (14 episodes), but, because of a contractual agreement, was never credited. Chabert left the series due to time constraints with her acting role in Party of Five, as well as schoolwork. Norm Macdonald voiced the character of Death in a second season episode of Family Guy. He was subsequently replaced by Adam Carolla in all other appearances. Jon Cryer originally voiced Kevin Swanson in his first appearance, before the role was passed temporarily onto Seth MacFarlane. The character was written out of the series for several years, with Scott Grimes taking over the voice when the character returned. Fairuza Balk was the original voice of high school bully Connie D'Amico until Lisa Wilhoit took over the character in the third season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Roger Carel", "paragraph_text": "Roger Carel (born Roger Bancharel; 14 August 1927) is a French actor and voice talent, known for his recurring film roles as Asterix, the French voice of \"Star Wars'\" C-3PO, and the French voice of Winnie-the-Pooh, Piglet, and Rabbit in Winnie the Pooh. He is also dubbing David Suchet as Hercule Poirot in Agatha Christie's Poirot. He also voiced Wally Gator, Mickey Mouse, Yogi Bear, Kermit the Frog, Heathcliff, Foghorn Leghorn, ALF and many other famous characters in French. He was born in Paris, France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mickey Mouse Disco", "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse Disco is an album released by Disneyland Records in 1979. A late entry in the genre of disco, \"Mickey Mouse Disco\" included disco versions of Disney songs and Disney-fied versions of disco hits. The album was re-released on CD in 1995, and is currently available for download from iTunes. On April 13, 2019, the original LP was reissued for the annual Record Store Day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Alyson Court", "paragraph_text": "Alyson Stephanie Court (born November 9, 1973) is a Canadian actress and voice actress. She is best known as Loonette the Clown on The Big Comfy Couch (1992 -- 2002); and as the voices of Jubilee from X-Men: The Animated Series (1992 -- 1997), and Claire Redfield from the Resident Evil video game series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Mickey generally appears alongside his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, his pet dog Pluto, his friends Donald Duck and Goofy, and his nemesis Pete, among others (see Mickey Mouse universe). Though originally characterized as a cheeky lovable rogue, Mickey was rebranded over time as a nice guy, usually seen as an honest and bodacious hero. In 2009, Disney began to rebrand the character again by putting less emphasis on his friendly, well-meaning persona and reintroducing the more menacing and stubborn sides of his personality, beginning with the video game \"Epic Mickey\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Chevrolet Astro", "paragraph_text": "Chevrolet Astro / GMC Safari Overview Manufacturer General Motors Also called GMC Safari Production 1985 -- 2005 Assembly Baltimore Assembly, Baltimore, Maryland Body and chassis Class Van Body style 3 - door cargo van 3 - door passenger van Layout Front engine, Rear - wheel drive / All - wheel drive Powertrain Transmission 4 - speed Automatic 4 - speed Manual 5 - speed manual Chronology Successor Chevrolet Uplander (Astro, passenger van) Chevrolet Traverse (Astro, passenger van) GMC Acadia (Safari, passenger van) Chevrolet City Express (Astro and Safari, cargo van) Chevrolet Express (Astro and Safari, both cargo and passenger)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mickey's Safari in Letterland", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse. In this game, Mickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories (including places inspired by the Yukon and the Caribbean). There are three levels of difficulty.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "Alex Borstein voices Lois Griffin, Asian correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on MADtv. She had not met MacFarlane or seen any of his artwork and said it was ``really sight unseen ''. At the time, Borstein performed in a stage show in Los Angeles, in which she played a redhead mother whose voice she had based on one of her cousins. The voice was originally slower (and deeper for the original series), but when MacFarlane heard it, he replied`` Make it a little less fucking annoying... and speed it up, or every episode will last four hours.''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse First appearance Steamboat Willie November 18, 1928 Created by Walt Disney Ub Iwerks Voiced by Walt Disney (1928 -- 1966) Carl W. Stalling (1929) Clarence Nash (1934) Jimmy MacDonald (1947 -- 1977) Wayne Allwine (1977 -- 2009) Les Perkins (1986 -- 1987) Bret Iwan (2009 -- present) Chris Diamantopoulos (2013 -- present) (see voice actors) Developed by Floyd Gottfredson Les Clark Fred Moore Information Full name Michael Mouse Aliases Bob Cratchit King Mickey Mickey (Wizards of Mickey) Species Mouse Gender Male Occupation Detective (MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine) Family Mickey Mouse family Significant other (s) Minnie Mouse Pet dog Pluto", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Rivers of Fire and Ice", "paragraph_text": "Rivers of Fire and Ice, or African Safari as it was alternately titled, is a Crown International Pictures 1969 motion picture filmed in documentary format. Directed, written and produced by wildlife photographer Ron Shanin, the film is an account of a safari through \"wildest\" Africa and explores Africa's diversity ranging from scorching deserts to the frozen heights of Mt. Kilimanjaro, and the life of the continent's inhabitants. The movie culminates with the eruption of Mt Kilimanjaro.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Mickey's Big Game Hunt", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Big Game Hunt is a 1928 silent short film in Larry Darmour's \"Mickey McGuire\" series starring a young Mickey Rooney. Directed by Albert Herman, the two-reel short was released to theaters on December 23, 1928 by FBO.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "All Grown Up!", "paragraph_text": "All Grown Up! is an American animated television series that aired on Nickelodeon from 2003 until 2008. Created by Arlene Klasky and G\u00e1bor Csup\u00f3, the series is a continuation of their children's show \"Rugrats\", the series explores the daily lives of Tommy Pickles and his childhood friends, now adolescents. The concept for the series was based on the episode \"All Growed Up,\" which served as the series' 10th anniversary special and proved successful with audiences. The series ran from April 12, 2003, to August 12, 2008, for a total of five seasons, and featured voice actors from the original series. Several episodes also feature Tommy and his friends back when they were babies in flashbacks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh - O - Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. ``Mortimer Mouse ''had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim, however, has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse's development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Peter Cullen", "paragraph_text": "Peter Claver Cullen (born July 28, 1941) is a Canadian voice actor. He is best known as the voice of Optimus Prime (as well as Ironhide) in the original 1980s Transformers animated series, and most other incarnations of the character, as well, and Eeyore in the Winnie the Pooh franchise. He also voiced Monterey Jack in Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers from season one through some of season two. In 2007, Cullen returned to the role of Optimus Prime in various Transformers media, starting with the first live - action film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Phantom Blot", "paragraph_text": "The Phantom Blot is a fictional character featured in various media by The Walt Disney Company. He is an enemy of Mickey Mouse. He first appeared in the \"Mickey Mouse\" comic strip adventure \"Mickey Mouse Outwits the Phantom Blot\" by Floyd Gottfredson, which was published in the form of daily strips from May 20 to September 9, 1939.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Jon Heder", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Joseph Heder (/ \u02c8hi\u02d0d\u0259r /) (born October 26, 1977) is an American actor and producer. His feature film debut came in 2004 as the title character of the comedy film Napoleon Dynamite. He has also acted in the films The Benchwarmers, School for Scoundrels, Blades of Glory, Mama's Boy, When in Rome, and Walt Before Mickey as Roy Disney, and provided voice talents in the animated films Monster House and Surf's Up, as well as the Napoleon Dynamite animated series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The Mickey Rooney Show", "paragraph_text": "The Mickey Rooney Show (also known as Hey, Mulligan) is an American sitcom that aired from 1954 to 1955 on NBC. The series stars Mickey Rooney (in his first television role) who was particularly remembered for his starring role in numerous Andy Hardy films made between 1937 and 1958, which overlapped with \"Hey Mulligan\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Peter Cullen", "paragraph_text": "Peter Claver Cullen (born July 28, 1941) is a Canadian voice actor. He is best known as the voice of Optimus Prime (as well as Ironhide) in the original 1980s Transformers animated series, and most other incarnations of the character, as well, and Eeyore in the Winnie the Pooh franchise. He also voiced Monterey Jack in Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers from season one through some of season two. Starting in 2007, Cullen has reprised his role as Optimus Prime in related Transformers media, starting with the first live - action film.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did the original voice for the character whose series Mickey's safari in Letterland is from?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 153573, "question": "What series is Mickey's Safari in Letterland from?", "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 45901, "question": "who did the original voice for #1", "answer": "Walt Disney", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "Walt Disney", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2355}
{"id": "2hop__551235_310309", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lord Lewis Prize", "paragraph_text": "The Lord Lewis Prize is awarded by the Royal Society of Chemistry for distinctive and distinguished chemical or scientific achievements together with significant contributions to the development of science policy. The recipient receives a medal, a certificate and a prize of \u00a35,000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Leroy P. Steele Prize", "paragraph_text": "The Leroy P. Steele Prizes are awarded every year by the American Mathematical Society, for distinguished research work and writing in the field of mathematics. Since 1993 there has been a formal division into three categories.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Anthropology", "paragraph_text": "Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Culture", "paragraph_text": "In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Such hierarchical perspectives on culture are also found in class-based distinctions between a high culture of the social elite and a low culture, popular culture or folk culture of the lower classes, distinguished by the stratified access to cultural capital. In common parlance, culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification, clothing or jewelry.[dubious \u2013 discuss] Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. Some schools of philosophy, such as Marxism and critical theory, have argued that culture is often used politically as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness, such perspectives common in the discipline of cultural studies. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "European Journal of Human Genetics", "paragraph_text": "The European Journal of Human Genetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group on behalf of the European Society of Human Genetics. It covers all aspects of human genetics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Simon Blackburn", "paragraph_text": "He retired as the professor of philosophy at the University of Cambridge in 2011, but remains a distinguished research professor of philosophy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, teaching every fall semester. He is also a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and a member of the professoriate of New College of the Humanities. He was previously a Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford and has also taught full-time at the University of North Carolina as an Edna J. Koury Professor. He is a former president of the Aristotelian Society, having served the 2009\u20132010 term. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2002 and a Foreign Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jenny Slate", "paragraph_text": "Jenny Sarah Slate (born March 25, 1982) is an American comedian, actress, voice actress and author, best known for her role as Donna Stern in Obvious Child, as well as being the co-creator of the Marcel the Shell with Shoes On short films and children's book series. She is also known for being a cast member on Saturday Night Live for the 2009 / 10 season and for her appearances in shows such as House of Lies, Married, Parks and Recreation, Bob's Burgers, Hello Ladies, Kroll Show, and Girls.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society", "paragraph_text": "A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society is an 1831 oil on canvas work by English painter Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting a Newfoundland dog. The original was damaged in a flood whilst on loan to the Tate Gallery in 1928, and was returned to public view for the first time in 50 years after it was restored in 2009.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Linda Greenhouse", "paragraph_text": "Linda Joyce Greenhouse (born January 9, 1947) is the Knight Distinguished Journalist in Residence and Joseph M. Goldstein Lecturer in Law at Yale Law School. She is a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter who covered the United States Supreme Court for nearly three decades for \"The New York Times\". She is President of the American Philosophical Society (since 2017), and a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Senate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Charles A. Kraus", "paragraph_text": "He was awarded several medals from the American Chemical Society, including the Priestley Medal in 1950. He was awarded the Franklin Medal in 1938, the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award in 1948, and the Willard Gibbs Award in 1935.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "William Luxton", "paragraph_text": "Luxton was a founder of the Winnipeg Humane Society. He served as chairman of the Winnipeg School Board from 1885-87.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Maria Goranova", "paragraph_text": "Maria Goranova (Bulgarian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430) is an associate professor of management at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. She conducts research on shareholder empowerment and activism, corporate governance, and corporate strategy. She serves on the editorial board of Journal of Management, and is a member of the Academy of Management, International Association for Business and Society, and Strategic Management Society. Her research has been published in a number of leading journals including Strategic Management Journal, Organization Science, Academy of Management Perspectives, Journal of Business Research, and Academy of Management Proceedings. She is also recipient of Distinguished Paper and Best Reviewer Awards from the Academy of Management.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Charles Wilkins", "paragraph_text": "Sir Charles Wilkins, KH, FRS (1749 -- 13 May 1836), was an English typographer and Orientalist, and founding member of The Asiatic Society. He is notable as the first translator of Bhagavad Gita into English, and as the creator, alongside Panchanan Karmakar, of the first Bengali typeface. In 1788, Wilkins was elected a member of the Royal Society.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Edwin Lutyens", "paragraph_text": "Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, (; ; 29 March 1869 \u2013 1 January 1944) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses, war memorials and public buildings. In his biography, the writer Christopher Hussey wrote, \"In his lifetime (Lutyens) was widely held to be our greatest architect since Wren if not, as many maintained, his superior\". The architectural historian Gavin Stamp described him as \"surely the greatest British architect of the twentieth (or of any other) century\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Neville A. Stanton", "paragraph_text": "Neville A. Stanton is a British Professor of Human Factors and Ergonomics at the University of Southampton. Prof Stanton is a Chartered Engineer (C.Eng), Chartered Psychologist (C.Psychol) and Chartered Ergonomist (C.ErgHF). He has written and edited over a forty books and over three hundered peer-reviewed journal papers on applications of the subject. Stanton is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society, a Fellow of The Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors and a member of the Institution of Engineering and Technology. He has been published in academic journals including \"Nature\". He has also helped organisations design new human-machine interfaces, such as the Adaptive Cruise Control system for Jaguar Cars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness", "paragraph_text": "``Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness ''is a well - known phrase in the United States Declaration of Independence. The phrase gives three examples of the`` unalienable rights'' which the Declaration says have been given to all human beings by their creator, and which governments are created to protect.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Human Centipede (First Sequence)", "paragraph_text": "The Human Centipede (First Sequence) is a 2009 Dutch horror film written, directed, and co-produced by Tom Six. The film tells the story of a German surgeon who kidnaps three tourists and joins them surgically, mouth to anus, forming a \"human centipede\", a conjoined triplet. It stars Dieter Laser as the creator of the centipede, Dr. Josef Heiter, with Ashley C. Williams, Ashlynn Yennie, and Akihiro Kitamura as his victims. According to Six, the concept for the film arose from a joke he made with friends about punishing a child molester by stitching his mouth to the anus of a \"fat truck driver\". Inspiration for the film also came from Nazi medical experiments carried out during World War II, such as the crimes of Josef Mengele at the Auschwitz concentration camp.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "King Olav V's Prize for Cancer Research", "paragraph_text": "The King Olav V's Prize for Cancer Research is a research award given annually by the Norwegian Cancer Society to a researcher who has distinguished himself through his scientific contributions to Norwegian cancer research. It was established in 1992.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Oleg Petrovich Orlov", "paragraph_text": "Oleg Petrovich Orlov (born April 4, 1953 in Moscow) is a biologist, participator in post-soviet human rights movements in Russia, chairman of the Board of Human Rights Center \u201cMemorial,\u201d executive board member of the Center's International, Historic-Educational Society. From 2004-2006 was in the President of the Russian Federation's council for the development of civil society and human rights institutions. Laureate of the \u201cFor Freedom of Thought\u201d award, given in honor of Andrei Sakharov (2009). Member of the federal political council movement \u201cSolidarity.\u201d", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Age of Enlightenment", "paragraph_text": "Scientific academies and societies grew out of the Scientific Revolution as the creators of scientific knowledge in contrast to the scholasticism of the university. During the Enlightenment, some societies created or retained links to universities. However, contemporary sources distinguished universities from scientific societies by claiming that the university's utility was in the transmission of knowledge, while societies functioned to create knowledge. As the role of universities in institutionalized science began to diminish, learned societies became the cornerstone of organized science. Official scientific societies were chartered by the state in order to provide technical expertise. Most societies were granted permission to oversee their own publications, control the election of new members, and the administration of the society. After 1700, a tremendous number of official academies and societies were founded in Europe, and by 1789 there were over seventy official scientific societies. In reference to this growth, Bernard de Fontenelle coined the term \"the Age of Academies\" to describe the 18th century.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the child of the creator of A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 551235, "question": "A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society >> creator", "answer": "Edwin Henry Landseer", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 310309, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Edwin Landseer Lutyens", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Edwin Landseer Lutyens", "answer_aliases": ["Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens", "Edwin Lutyens"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2122}
{"id": "2hop__7046_44085", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Universal Pictures", "paragraph_text": "Universal owned the rights to the \"Oswald the Lucky Rabbit\" character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald, and their films had enjoyed a successful theatrical run. After Charles Mintz had unsuccessfully demanded that Disney accept a lower fee for producing the property, Mintz produced the films with his own group of animators. Instead, Disney and Iwerks created Mickey Mouse who in 1928 stared in the first \"sync\" sound animated short, Steamboat Willie. This moment effectively launched Walt Disney Studios' foothold, while Universal became a minor player in film animation. Universal subsequently severed its link to Mintz and formed its own in-house animation studio to produce Oswald cartoons headed by Walter Lantz.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Walt Disney World", "paragraph_text": "Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. ``The Florida Project '', as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion of an`` Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow'' (EPCOT), a planned community intended to serve as a test bed for new city living innovations. After extensive lobbying, the government of Florida created the Reedy Creek Improvement District, a special government district that essentially gave The Walt Disney Company the standard powers and autonomy of an incorporated city. Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, during construction of the complex. Without Disney spearheading the construction, the company created a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning experimental concepts for a planned community. Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot in 1982, Disney's Hollywood Studios in 1989, and the most recent, Disney's Animal Kingdom in 1998.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable characters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Marvel Comics", "paragraph_text": "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney are barred from having Marvel characters in their parks. However, this only includes characters Universal is currently using, other characters in their \"families\" (X-Men, Avengers, Fantastic Four, etc.), and the villains associated with said characters. This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet and greets, merchandise, attractions and more with other Marvel characters not associated with the characters at Islands of Adventures, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy as well as Baymax and Hiro from Big Hero 6.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Welcome to Pooh Corner", "paragraph_text": "Welcome to Pooh Corner is a live-action/puppet television series that aired on Disney Channel, featuring the characters from the Winnie the Pooh universe portrayed by actors in human-sized puppet suits, except Roo, who was originally a traditional puppet. The animatronic costumes used for the characters were created by Alchemy II, Inc., headed by Ken Forsse who later created Teddy Ruxpin. The show was first aired on April 18, 1983, the day The Disney Channel was launched. Its timeslot for its early run was at 8:30\u00a0a.m. Eastern/Pacific Time, making it the third program of The Disney Channel's 16 (later 18) hour programming day. Reruns of the show aired on The Disney Channel until at least January 1997.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Walt Disney World", "paragraph_text": "The Walt Disney World Resort, commonly known as Walt Disney World, or often just as Disney World, is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando and Kissimmee, Florida. Opened on October 1, 1971, the resort is owned and operated by Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products, a division of The Walt Disney Company. It was initially operated by Walt Disney World Company. The property covers 27,258 acres (43 sq mi; 110 km), featuring four theme parks, two water parks, twenty - seven themed resort hotels, nine non-Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including the outdoor shopping center Disney Springs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Mickey Mouse Club", "paragraph_text": "The Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show that aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned in 2017 to social media. Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions, the program was first televised in 1955 by ABC, featuring a regular but ever - changing cast of mostly teen performers. ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958 -- 1959 season, airing right after American Bandstand. The show was revived after its initial 1955 -- 1959 run on ABC, first from 1977 -- 1979 for first - run syndication, again from 1989 -- 1996 as The All - New Mickey Mouse Club (also known to fans as MMC from 1993 -- 1996) airing exclusively on cable television's The Disney Channel, then rebooted in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Diane Disney Miller", "paragraph_text": "Diane Marie Disney-Miller (December 18, 1933\u00a0\u2013 November 19, 2013) was the only biological child of Walt Disney and his wife Lillian Bounds Disney. Diane co-founded the Walt Disney Family Museum alongside her family. She was president of the Board of Directors of the Walt Disney Family Foundation. The museum, which opened in 2009, was established to promote and inspire creativity and innovation and celebrate and study the life of Walt Disney.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Zorro and Son", "paragraph_text": "Zorro and Son is an American television Western based on the character Zorro that aired on CBS. Created by Walt Disney Television, the series stars Henry Darrow as Zorro (Don Diego) and Paul Regina as his son Zorro Jr. (Don Carlos).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Clarabelle Cow", "paragraph_text": "Clarabelle Cow is a Disney fictional character within the Mickey Mouse universe of characters. Clarabelle Cow was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks in 1928. Clarabelle is one of Minnie Mouse's best friends and is usually depicted as the girlfriend of Horace Horsecollar, although she has also been paired with Goofy occasionally (especially in the Super Goof comic book series). Clarabelle has remained a supporting character in the United States; only in Italy has she been treated as a major character.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Building a Building", "paragraph_text": "Building a Building is a 1933 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Production and released by United Artists. A remake of the 1928 Oswald the Lucky Rabbit film \"Sky Scrappers\", the cartoon depicts Mickey Mouse working at a construction site under the supervision of Peg-Leg Pete while Minnie Mouse is selling box lunches to the workers. It was directed by David Hand, his first directorial assignment at Disney, and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey, Marcellite Garner as Minnie, and Billy Bletcher as Pete.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Disney Theatrical Productions", "paragraph_text": "Disney Theatrical Productions Limited (DTP), also known as Disney on Broadway, is the flagship stageplay and musical production company of the Disney Theatrical Group, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, a major business unit of The Walt Disney Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "Mickey Mouse First appearance Steamboat Willie November 18, 1928 Created by Walt Disney Ub Iwerks Voiced by Walt Disney (1928 -- 1966) Carl W. Stalling (1929) Clarence Nash (1934) Jimmy MacDonald (1947 -- 1977) Wayne Allwine (1977 -- 2009) Les Perkins (1986 -- 1987) Bret Iwan (2009 -- present) Chris Diamantopoulos (2013 -- present) (see voice actors) Developed by Floyd Gottfredson Les Clark Fred Moore Information Full name Michael Mouse Aliases Bob Cratchit King Mickey Mickey (Wizards of Mickey) Species Mouse Gender Male Occupation Detective (MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine) Family Mickey Mouse family Significant other (s) Minnie Mouse Pet dog Pluto", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Mickey's Revue", "paragraph_text": "Mickey's Revue is a 1932 Walt Disney cartoon, directed by Wilfred Jackson, which features Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Horace Horsecollar and Clarabelle Cow performing a song and dance show.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_text": "In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh - O - Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. ``Mortimer Mouse ''had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim, however, has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse's development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "The Proud Family", "paragraph_text": "\"The Proud Family\" was created by Walt Disney Animation Studios animator Bruce W. Smith and was produced by Jambalaya Studios. Originally piloted for Disney's One Saturday Morning, then Nickelodeon, it was eventually picked up by Disney Channel and started airing in September 2001. An original pilot was made and produced by Nickelodeon in 1999 but was never shown to the public resulting in Nickelodeon passing the show on. Many of the later episodes of \"The Proud Family\" were produced using Adobe Flash.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Meet the Robinsons", "paragraph_text": "Meet the Robinsons is a 2007 American computer-animated science fiction comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures on March 30, 2007. The 47th Disney animated feature film, it was released in standard and Disney Digital 3-D versions. The film is loosely based on characters from the children's book \"A Day with Wilbur Robinson\", by William Joyce. The voice cast includes Jordan Fry, Wesley Singerman, Harland Williams, Tom Kenny, Steve Anderson, Laurie Metcalf, Adam West, Tom Selleck, and Angela Bassett. It was the first film released after then-Pixar executive John Lasseter became chief creative officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Anna (Frozen)", "paragraph_text": "Princess Anna of Arendelle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 53rd animated film Frozen. She is voiced by Kristen Bell as an adult. At the beginning of the film, Livvy Stubenrauch and Katie Lopez provided her speaking and singing voice as a young child, respectively. Agatha Lee Monn portrayed her as a nine - year - old (singing).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Sport Goofy in Soccermania", "paragraph_text": "Sport Goofy in Soccermania is an animated television special produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company. It originally aired May 27, 1987 on NBC. During its television debut it was preceded by a mockumentary showing past Goofy cartoons of him always getting everything wrong, and leading into the cartoon special where the audience is finally shown a competent, athletic Goofy who is the hero.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Disney Parks, Experiences and Products", "paragraph_text": "Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, Inc., formerly Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and informally known as Disney Parks, is one of The Walt Disney Company's four major business segments and a subsidiary. It was founded in 1971, following the opening of Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida just outside of Orlando, Florida.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What was the old show that was named after a character that Walt Disney created in 1928 called?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 7046, "question": "What character did Walt Disney create in 1928?", "answer": "Mickey Mouse", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 44085, "question": "what was the old #1 show called", "answer": "The Mickey Mouse Club", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}], "answer": "The Mickey Mouse Club", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2464}
{"id": "2hop__488811_30078", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Yang Meng", "paragraph_text": "Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (\u6dee\u5357, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Gerd Ludwig", "paragraph_text": "Gerd Ludwig (birth name Gerhard Erich Ludwig, born March 17, 1947 in Alsfeld, Hesse, Germany) is a German-American documentary photographer and photojournalist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Apocalypse Now", "paragraph_text": "Marlon Brando as Colonel Walter E. Kurtz, a highly decorated U.S. Army Special Forces officer with the 5th Special Forces Group who goes rogue. He runs his own military unit out of Cambodia and is feared as much by the US military as by the North Vietnamese and Vietcong.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Dr. Erich Salomon Award", "paragraph_text": "The Dr. Erich Salomon Award (Dr.-Erich-Salomon-Preis), dedicated to Erich Salomon, is a lifetime achievement award for photojournalists given by the German Society for Photography (Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Photographie, DGPh).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "The decisive engagement of the war came when Lysimachus invaded and overran much of western Anatolia, but was soon isolated by Antigonus and Demetrius near Ipsus in Phrygia. Seleucus arrived in time to save Lysimachus and utterly crushed Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BCE. Seleucus' war elephants proved decisive, Antigonus was killed, and Demetrius fled back to Greece to attempt to preserve the remnants of his rule there by recapturing a rebellious Athens. Meanwhile, Lysimachus took over Ionia, Seleucus took Cilicia, and Ptolemy captured Cyprus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Blind Husbands", "paragraph_text": "Blind Husbands is a 1919 American drama film directed by Erich von Stroheim. The film is an adaptation of the story \"The Pinnacle\" by Stroheim.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Erich Kunz", "paragraph_text": "Erich Kunz (20 May 1909 in Vienna \u2013 8 September 1995 in Vienna) was an Austrian operatic bass baritone, particularly associated with the roles of Papageno and Beckmesser.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Richard Binder", "paragraph_text": "Richard Binder (July 26, 1839 \u2013 February 26, 1912) was an American Civil War Marine Corps Sergeant and a recipient of America's highest military decoration - the Medal of Honor. His birth name was Richard Bigle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Battle of Abbeville", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Abbeville took place from 27 May to 4 June 1940, near Abbeville during the Battle of France in the Second World War. On 20 May, the 2nd Panzer Division advanced to Abbeville on the English Channel, overran the 25th Infantry Brigade of the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division and captured the town at Only a few British survivors managed to retreat to the south bank of the Somme and at on 21 May, the III Battalion, Rifle Regiment 2 reached the coast, west of Noyelles-sur-Mer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Mikko Erich", "paragraph_text": "Michael (Mikko) Wilhelm Erich (6 December 1888, Turku - 28 December 1948) was a Finnish lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland, representing the National Coalition Party from 1919 to 1922 and the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) from 1930 to 1933 and again from 1939 to 1945. He was the younger brother of Rafael Erich.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Erich Zakowski", "paragraph_text": "Erich Zakowski (born 25 November 1934 in East Prussia) is a German master mechanic, and the founder and longtime head of the Zakspeed racing team.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "On the Origin of Species", "paragraph_text": "Interest in Darwin's writings continues, and scholars have generated an extensive literature, the Darwin Industry, about his life and work. The text of Origin itself has been subject to much analysis including a variorum, detailing the changes made in every edition, first published in 1959, and a concordance, an exhaustive external index published in 1981. Worldwide commemorations of the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species and the bicentenary of Darwin's birth were scheduled for 2009. They celebrated the ideas which \"over the last 150 years have revolutionised our understanding of nature and our place within it\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Cubana de Aviaci\u00f3n Flight 1216", "paragraph_text": "Cubana de Aviaci\u00f3n Flight 1216 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 that overran the runway at La Aurora International Airport, Guatemala City, on 21 December 1999. Eight passengers and eight crew members on board were killed as well as two people on the ground.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Lufthansa Flight 2904", "paragraph_text": "Lufthansa Flight 2904 was an Airbus A320-200 which overran the runway at Ok\u0119cie International Airport on 14 September 1993. It was a flight from Frankfurt, Germany to Warsaw, Poland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Erich Buder", "paragraph_text": "Vizefeldwebel Erich Buder (14 January 1896 \u2013 24 May 1975) was a World War I flying ace credited with twelve aerial victories.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Villa Wartholz", "paragraph_text": "Villa Wartholz was designed by Heinrich von Ferstel in the historicist style in the years 1870 to 1872 for Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria. The castle-like building with towers was for recreational purposes, not for military means. The villa was designed with a view over the valley. Karl Ludwig spent so much time in this area, he reserved this place only for hunting by the imperial court. It was built near by his home Karl-Ludwig-Haus on the Rax.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Second Battle of Donetsk Airport", "paragraph_text": "Fighting between separatist forces affiliated with the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), and Ukrainian military and volunteer forces broke out at Donetsk International Airport on 28 September 2014, sparking the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport, a part of the ongoing war in the Donbass region of Ukraine. This followed an earlier battle over control of the airport in May 2014, which left it in Ukrainian hands. The new battle was sparked despite a ceasefire agreement, the Minsk Protocol, that had been in place from 5 September. At the start of the battle, the airport was the last part of Donetsk city held by government forces, and it lies between the separatist and Ukrainian lines of control. Heavy fighting over the airport continued into the new year, with some of the worst fighting having taken place in January 2015. On 21 January, DPR forces overran the government's positions at the airport. The remaining Ukrainian forces were either killed, forced to retreat, or captured.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Battle of Puebla", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Puebla (Spanish: Batalla de Puebla; French: Bataille de Puebla) took place on 5 May 1862, near Puebla City during the Second French intervention in Mexico. The battle ended in a victory for the Mexican Army over the occupying French soldiers. The French eventually overran the Mexicans in subsequent battles, but the Mexican victory at Puebla against a much better equipped and larger French army provided a significant morale boost to the Mexican army and also helped slow the French army's advance towards Mexico City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "East Prussia", "paragraph_text": "Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709\u20131711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Crown Prince Frederick William I led the rebuilding of East Prussia, founding numerous towns. Thousands of Protestants expelled from the Archbishopric of Salzburg were allowed to settle in depleted East Prussia. The province was overrun by Imperial Russian troops during the Seven Years' War.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "What military overran much of Erich Zakowski's place of birth?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 488811, "question": "Erich Zakowski >> place of birth", "answer": "East Prussia", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 30078, "question": "What military overran much of #1 ?", "answer": "Russian troops", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "Russian troops", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1672}
{"id": "2hop__150866_11402", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "United States", "paragraph_text": "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self - governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km) and with over 325 million people, the United States is the world's third - or fourth - largest country by total area and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty - eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside\u2013San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Agriculture in China", "paragraph_text": "Although China's agricultural output is the largest in the world, only about 15% of its total land area can be cultivated. China's arable land, which represents 10% of the total arable land in the world, supports over 20% of the world's population. Of this approximately 1.4 million square kilometers of arable land, only about 1.2% (116,580 square kilometers) permanently supports crops and 525,800 square kilometers are irrigated. The land is divided into approximately 200 million households, with an average land allocation of just 0.65 hectares (1.6 acres).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Canada", "paragraph_text": "Canada (/ \u02c8k\u00e6n\u0259d\u0259 / (listen); French: (kanad\u0251)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Guam", "paragraph_text": "In 2016, 162,742 people resided on Guam. Guam has an area of 210 square miles (540 km) and a population density of 775 per square mile (299 / km). Located in Oceania, it is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong - Toto - Maite has the highest population density at 3,691 per square mile (1,425 / km), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 119 per square mile (46 / km). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 1,332 feet (406 m) above sea level. Since the 1960s, the economy has been supported by two industries: tourism and the United States Armed Forces.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "Greater London encompasses a total area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 1,510 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900/sq mi). Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill, Addington Hills, and Primrose Hill. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands; at high tide, its shores reached five times their present width.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Gambia", "paragraph_text": "The Gambia is less than 50 kilometres (31 miles) wide at its widest point, with a total area of 11,295 km2 (4,361 sq mi). About 1,300 square kilometres (500 square miles) (11.5%) of The Gambia's area are covered by water. It is the smallest country on the African mainland. In comparative terms, The Gambia has a total area slightly less than that of the island of Jamaica.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Pollock, Louisiana", "paragraph_text": "Pollock is located in southeastern Grant Parish at 31 \u00b0 31 \u2032 29 ''N 92 \u00b0 24 \u2032 32'' W \ufeff / \ufeff 31.52472 \u00b0 N 92.40889 \u00b0 W \ufeff / 31.52472; - 92.40889 (31.524760, - 92.408866) and has an elevation of 118 feet (36.0 m). U.S. Route 165 is the main highway through the town, leading north 16 miles (26 km) to Georgetown and south 16 miles to Alexandria. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.3 km), all land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km3, 22 -- 23% of the world's surface fresh water). Due to their sea - like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and the largest freshwater lake by area. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "U.S. and World Population Clock", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. and World Population Clock presents the United States Census Bureau's continuously active approximations of both the population of the United States and the world's total population. The population totals are based on the latest census information and national population estimates, which are used in the algorithms that run the two clocks.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes is the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), a bit less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km3). Due to their sea - like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "New England", "paragraph_text": "The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Riverside, California", "paragraph_text": "Riverside is the 59th largest city in the United States, 12th largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of southern California. Riverside is about a 47 - mile drive to the Pacific Ocean and is close to Orange county and Los Angeles county.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "Paris (French pronunciation: \u200b (pa\u0281i) (listen)) is the capital and most populous city in France, with an administrative - limits area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and an official population of 2,206,488 (2015). The city is a commune and department, and the heart of the 12,012 - square - kilometre (4,638 - square - mile) \u00cele - de-France region (colloquially known as the 'Paris Region'), whose 2016 population of 12,142,802 represented roughly 18 percent of the population of France. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts. The Paris Region had a GDP of \u20ac649.6 billion (US $763.4 billion) in 2014, accounting for 30.4 percent of the GDP of France. According to official estimates, in 2013 - 14 the Paris Region had the third - highest GDP in the world and the largest regional GDP in the EU.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Punjab, Pakistan", "paragraph_text": "Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628, panj-\u0101b, \"five waters\":  listen (help\u00b7info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provincial capital and largest city is Lahore. Punjab is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast and Punjab and Rajasthan to the east. In Pakistan it is bordered by Sindh to the south, Balochist\u0101n and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and Islamabad and Azad Kashmir to the north.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Washburn, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Washburn is an unincorporated community in Armstrong County, Texas, United States. It is located along U.S. Highway 287 in northwestern Armstrong County, approximately 20 miles east of Amarillo. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 120 in 2000. Washburn is part of the Amarillo Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Poverty in India", "paragraph_text": "Poverty is a significant issue in India, despite being one of the fastest - growing economies in the world, clocked at a growth rate of 7.11% in 2015, and a sizable consumer economy. The World Bank reviewed and proposed revisions on May 2014 to its poverty calculation methodology and purchasing power parity basis for measuring poverty worldwide. According to this revised methodology, the world had 872.3 million people below the new poverty line, Nigeria, and Congo is expected to overtake India by the end of 2019. As of 2014, 58% of the total population were living on less than $3.10 per day. According to the Modified Mixed Reference Period (MMRP) concept proposed by World Bank in 2015, India's poverty rate for period 2011 - 12 stood at 12.4% of the total population, or about 172 million people; taking the revised poverty line as $1.90.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "China", "paragraph_text": "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres (3.7 million square miles), it is the world's second - largest state by land area and third - or fourth - largest by total area. Governed by the Communist Party of China, it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct - controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing) and the Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau, also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "According to the agency that published U.S. and World Population Clock, what is the total area in square miles?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 150866, "question": "What company published U.S. and World Population Clock?", "answer": "United States Census Bureau", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 11402, "question": "According to #1 , what is the total area in square miles?", "answer": "17.037 square miles", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}], "answer": "17.037 square miles", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2969}
{"id": "2hop__488811_30113", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Davidson, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Davidson is a suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Davidson is located 20 kilometres north-east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council. Davidson is considered to be part of the Forest District, colloquially known as \"The Forest\", which is part of the Northern Beaches area of Sydney. It is known to be the smallest suburb of the Northern beaches, while also being isolated, quiet, and primary known as a residential area with beautiful parks, bush walks and views of the city.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Arenal Volcano Emergency Forest Reserve", "paragraph_text": "Arenal Volcano Emergency Forest Reserve is a Forest Reserve, part of the Arenal Huetar Norte Conservation Area, in the northern part of Costa Rica in the emergency zone of the Arenal Volcano. It was created in 1972 covering an area of forest, and there are no public facilities at the reserve.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Occupation of Gori", "paragraph_text": "The Occupation of Gori was the military occupation of Gori and its surrounding areas by Russian military forces, which started on 13 August 2008 as part of the Russo-Georgian War, and ended with the withdrawal of Russian units from the city on 22 August 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Russian Far East", "paragraph_text": "The Russian Far East (Russian: \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, tr. Dal'niy Vostok Rossii; IPA: (\u02c8daljnj\u026aj v\u0250\u02c8stok r\u0250\u02c8sji\u026a)) is the Russian part of the Far East, i.e. the extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. The Far Eastern Federal District, which covers this area, borders with the Siberian Federal District to the west. The Far Eastern Federal District has land borders with the People's Republic of China and North Korea to the south west and maritime borders with Japan and the United States. Although traditionally considered part of Siberia, the Russian Far East is categorized separately from Siberia in Russian regional schemes (and previously during the Soviet era when it was called the Soviet Far East).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mizugaki", "paragraph_text": "Mizugaki is a climbing area in Japan, located in the northern part of the Yamanashi Prefecture. The forest of Mizugaki is owned by the Emperor of Japan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dr. Erich Salomon Award", "paragraph_text": "The Dr. Erich Salomon Award (Dr.-Erich-Salomon-Preis), dedicated to Erich Salomon, is a lifetime achievement award for photojournalists given by the German Society for Photography (Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Photographie, DGPh).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Gerd Ludwig", "paragraph_text": "Gerd Ludwig (birth name Gerhard Erich Ludwig, born March 17, 1947 in Alsfeld, Hesse, Germany) is a German-American documentary photographer and photojournalist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Russian submarine Tver (K-456)", "paragraph_text": "The K-456 \"Tver\" is a Russian Oscar class SSGN of the Russian Navy. It was commissioned in 1991 as part of the Russian Northern Fleet and was transferred to the Russian Pacific Fleet in September 1993. The submarine is currently based at the Rybachiy Nuclear Submarine Base, in Vilyuchinsk, near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Slavs", "paragraph_text": "Pomors are distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N among them. Postulated to originate from southeast Asia, it is found at high rates in Uralic peoples. Its presence in Pomors (called \"Northern Russians\" in the report) attests to the non-Slavic tribes (mixing with Finnic tribes of northern Eurasia). Autosomally, Russians are generally similar to populations in central-eastern Europe but some northern Russians are intermediate to Finno-Ugric groups.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Battle of Sinop", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Sinop, or the Battle of Sinope, was a Russian naval victory over the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War that took place on 30 November 1853 at Sinop, a sea port in northern Anatolia, when a squadron of Imperial Russian warships struck and defeated a squadron of Ottoman ships anchored in the harbor. The battle was a contributing factor to bringing France and Britain into the conflict. It is commemorated in Russia as a Day of Military Honour.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Erich Zakowski", "paragraph_text": "Erich Zakowski (born 25 November 1934 in East Prussia) is a German master mechanic, and the founder and longtime head of the Zakspeed racing team.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Area codes 715 and 534", "paragraph_text": "North American telephone area codes 715 and 534 are state of Wisconsin area codes covering most of the northern part of the state.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "El Granada, California", "paragraph_text": "El Granada is a census-designated place (CDP) in the coastal area of northern San Mateo County, California, United States. The population was 5,467 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Lemmon Valley, Nevada", "paragraph_text": "Lemmon Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The population was 5,040 at the 2010 census. It is a northern suburb of the city of Reno and is part of the Reno\u2013Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Prior to 2010 it was listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as part of the Lemmon Valley\u2013Golden Valley CDP.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact", "paragraph_text": "Of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1940, the region around Bia\u0142ystok and a minor part of Galicia east of the San river around Przemy\u015bl were returned to the Polish state at the end of World War II. Of all other territories annexed by the USSR in 1939\u201340, the ones detached from Finland (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation, the successor state of the Soviet Union, after 1991. Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza remain part of Ukraine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Munyonyo", "paragraph_text": "Munyonyo is an area on the northern shores of Lake Victoria and part of the metropolitan area of Kampala, in Makindye Division. Kampala is the capital and largest city of Uganda.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Aadorp", "paragraph_text": "Aadorp is a village on the northern side of Almelo, Netherlands with a population of about 1500; it has been part of the Almelo municipality since 2001. The villagers of Aadorp are very close, since there are so few of them. The central meeting point in Aadorp is the Aahoes, which consists of a meeting hall, and a small barbershop. Also, Aadorp has recreation areas including soccer fields and more. For anything else Aadorp villagers must go to one of the neighboring towns.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "paragraph_text": "On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast \u2014 the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia\u2014was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Golden Valley, Nevada", "paragraph_text": "Golden Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The population was 1,556 at the 2010 census. It is a northern suburb of the city of Reno and is part of the Reno\u2013Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Prior to 2010, it was listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as part of the Lemmon Valley\u2013Golden Valley CDP.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "East Prussia", "paragraph_text": "After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of K\u00f6nigsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new \"House of the Soviets\".", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "What else happened in the northern part of Erich Zakowski's birthplace in the now Russian area?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 488811, "question": "Erich Zakowski >> place of birth", "answer": "East Prussia", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 30113, "question": "What else happened in the northern part of #1 in the now Russian area?", "answer": "names were replaced by new Russian names", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "names were replaced by new Russian names", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1540}
{"id": "2hop__488811_30110", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Humpback whale", "paragraph_text": "Females typically breed every two or three years. The gestation period is 11.5 months. The peak months for birth are January, February (northern hemisphere), July and August (southern hemisphere). Females wait for one to two years before breeding again. Recent research on mitochondrial DNA reveals that groups living in proximity to each other may represent distinct breeding pools. Humpback whale births have been rarely observed. One birth witnessed off Madagascar occurred within four minutes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Blind Husbands", "paragraph_text": "Blind Husbands is a 1919 American drama film directed by Erich von Stroheim. The film is an adaptation of the story \"The Pinnacle\" by Stroheim.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "This Is Us", "paragraph_text": "Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016 -- 2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c. 1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8 -- 10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served as settings. Recently, the show has flashed back to follow the lives of newer characters, such as Randall's foster child, Deja. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin relocates from Los Angeles to New York City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "East Prussia", "paragraph_text": "A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Christophe Bruno", "paragraph_text": "Christophe Bruno was born in 1964 in Bayonne, France. He lives and works in Paris France. He began his artistic activity in 2001, influenced by the net.art movement. His artworks include \"Iterature\", \"Logo.Hallucination\", \"The Google Adwords Happening\" and many other pieces.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Mikko Erich", "paragraph_text": "Michael (Mikko) Wilhelm Erich (6 December 1888, Turku - 28 December 1948) was a Finnish lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland, representing the National Coalition Party from 1919 to 1922 and the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) from 1930 to 1933 and again from 1939 to 1945. He was the younger brother of Rafael Erich.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "South of Fifth", "paragraph_text": "During Miami Beach's early days, South of Fifth was a deplorable area that criminals and cast offs called home. It took visionaries and risk takers to believe in the potential of this plot of land. Because of their brave actions in investing in this space, South of Fifth has become a highly desired place to live.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Fiz Brown", "paragraph_text": "Fiz initially appeared as a troubled teenager briefly fostered by Roy (David Neilson) and Hayley Cropper (Julie Hesmondhalgh) at the age of 15. She later started working at the Underworld factory. Fiz was involved in a murder storyline in which her husband John Stape (Graeme Hawley), committed three murders and had Fiz help him bury the bodies. She had to implicate other people in order to cover for John. She gave birth to her daughter Hope prematurely, in the live 50th anniversary episode with McAlpine becoming the first actress to act out a birth live on a soap opera.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dr. Erich Salomon Award", "paragraph_text": "The Dr. Erich Salomon Award (Dr.-Erich-Salomon-Preis), dedicated to Erich Salomon, is a lifetime achievement award for photojournalists given by the German Society for Photography (Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Photographie, DGPh).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Northern mockingbird", "paragraph_text": "A laboratory observation of 38 mockingbird nestlings and fledglings (thirty - five and three, respectively) recorded the behavioral development of young mockingbirds. Notable milestones included the eyes opening, soft vocalizations, begging, and preening began within the first six days of life. Variation in begging and more compact movements such as perching, fear crouching, and stretching appeared by the ninth day. Wing - flashing, bathing, flight, and leaving the nest happened within seventeen days (nest leaving occurred within 11 to 13 days). Improvements of flight, walking and self - feeding took place within forty days. Agonistic behavior increased during the juvenile stages, to the extent of one of two siblings living in the same area was likely killed by the other.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "East Prussia", "paragraph_text": "In 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500 places were ordered to be renamed by 16 July 1938 following a decree issued by Gauleiter and Oberpr\u00e4sident Erich Koch and initiated by Adolf Hitler. Many who would not cooperate with the rulers of Nazi Germany were sent to concentration camps and held prisoner there until their death or liberation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "The Bahamas", "paragraph_text": "The Bahamas has an estimated population of 391,232, of which 25.9% are under 14, 67.2% 15 to 64 and 6.9% over 65. It has a population growth rate of 0.925% (2010), with a birth rate of 17.81 / 1,000 population, death rate of 9.35 / 1,000, and net migration rate of \u2212 2.13 migrant (s) / 1,000 population. The infant mortality rate is 23.21 deaths / 1,000 live births. Residents have a life expectancy at birth of 69.87 years: 73.49 years for females, 66.32 years for males. The total fertility rate is 2.0 children born / woman (2010).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Guinea-Bissau", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50% of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the 7th highest maternal mortality rate in the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Casa Natal del General Santander", "paragraph_text": "The Casa Natal del General Santander (lit., \"Birth house of General Santander\") is the birthplace of the Colombian General Francisco de Paula Santander, and is where he lived until the age of 13.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Red Hook, Brooklyn", "paragraph_text": "From the 1920s on, a lot of poor and unemployed Norwegians, mostly former sailors, were living in the area in what they called \u00d8rkenen Sur (``The Bitter Desert '') around places like Hamilton Avenue and Gospel Hill. In 2015 NRK made a documentary about it in Norwegian. There is also an old documentary film about this.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Smokey and the Bandit", "paragraph_text": "The theme music, ``East Bound and Down '', was sung and co-written by Reed (credited under his birth name, Jerry Hubbard) and Dick Feller. It became Reed's signature song and is found on multiple albums, including Country Legends and his live album Jerry Reed: Live Still. In 1991 it was arranged for orchestra by Crafton Beck and recorded by Erich Kunzel and the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra for their album Down on the Farm. Several other groups, such as US rock band Tonic, have also covered it. Reed also penned and performed the song for the opening credits, entitled`` The Legend'', which tells of some of The Bandit's escapades prior to the events of the film, and the ballad ``The Bandit '', which features in several versions in the movie and on the soundtrack. Reed's hit notwithstanding, Bill Justis is the first name on the credits for the soundtrack as he composed and arranged original music throughout the film. Musicians such as Beegie Adair and George Tidwell played on the soundtrack as part of long careers in music. Legendary five - string banjo player Bobby Thompson is also heard prominently towards the end of`` East Bound and Down.'' The soundtrack album was released in 1977 on vinyl, cassette and 8 - track through MCA Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Palermo", "paragraph_text": "In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of which resided in the City boundaries, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under age 15 totalled 15.6% compared to pensioners who composed 17.2% of the population. This compares with the Italian average of 14.1% people under 15 years and 20.2% pensioners. The average age of a Palermo resident is 40.4 compared to the Italian average of 42.8. In the ten years between 2001 and 2010, the population of Palermo declined by 4.5%, while the population of Italy, as a whole, grew by 6.0%. The reason for Palermo's decline is a population flight to the suburbs, and to Northern Italy. The current birth rate of Palermo is 10.2 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.3 births.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Gerd Ludwig", "paragraph_text": "Gerd Ludwig (birth name Gerhard Erich Ludwig, born March 17, 1947 in Alsfeld, Hesse, Germany) is a German-American documentary photographer and photojournalist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Erich Zakowski", "paragraph_text": "Erich Zakowski (born 25 November 1934 in East Prussia) is a German master mechanic, and the founder and longtime head of the Zakspeed racing team.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Elizabeth Hands", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Hands (1746\u20131815) was an English poet. Before the birth of her daughter she worked as a domestic servant for at least one family in Warwickshire, in the area between Rugby and Coventry. By 1785, when her daughter was born, she was married to a blacksmith, from whom she acquired the surname \"Hands\" (her maiden name is unknown). They lived near Rugby.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area where Erich Zakowski was born?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 488811, "question": "Erich Zakowski >> place of birth", "answer": "East Prussia", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 30110, "question": "What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in #1 ?", "answer": "expelled by the Soviet Union", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "expelled by the Soviet Union", "answer_aliases": ["the Soviet Union", "Soviet Union", "SU"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2150}
{"id": "2hop__257831_123283", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Assassination of Julius Caesar", "paragraph_text": "The assassination of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus. They stabbed Julius Caesar to death in a location adjacent to the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March (March 15), 44 BC. Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic, having recently been declared dictator perpetuo by the Senate of the Roman Republic. This declaration made several senators fear that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favor of tyranny. The conspirators were unable to restore the Roman Republic, and the ramifications of the assassination led to the Liberators' civil war and ultimately to the Principate period of the Roman Empire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey. Caesar and Pompey, along with Crassus, established a private agreement, now known as the First Triumvirate. Under the agreement, Pompey's arrangements would be ratified. Caesar would be elected consul in 59 BC, and would then serve as governor of Gaul for five years. Crassus was promised a future consulship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Copper", "paragraph_text": "The cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. Romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC used copper lumps as money. At first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. Julius Caesar had his own coins made from brass, while Octavianus Augustus Caesar's coins were made from Cu-Pb-Sn alloys. With an estimated annual output of around 15,000 t, Roman copper mining and smelting activities reached a scale unsurpassed until the time of the Industrial Revolution; the provinces most intensely mined were those of Hispania, Cyprus and in Central Europe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Et tu, Brute?", "paragraph_text": "Et tu, Brute? (pronounced (\u025bt \u02c8tu\u02d0 \u02c8bru\u02d0t\u025b)) is a Latin phrase meaning ``even you, Brutus? ''It is notable for its occurrence in William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, where it is spoken by the Roman dictator Julius Caesar to his friend Marcus Junius Brutus at the moment of Caesar's assassination. The first known occurrences of the phrase are said to be in two earlier Elizabethan plays; Henry VI, Part 3 by Shakespeare, and an even earlier play, Caesar Interfectus, by Richard Eedes. The phrase is often used apart from the plays to signify an unexpected betrayal by a friend.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ides of March", "paragraph_text": "The Ides of March (Latin: Idus Martiae, Late Latin: Idus Martii) is a day on the Roman calendar that corresponds to 15 March. It was marked by several religious observances and was notable for the Romans as a deadline for settling debts. In 44 BC, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of Julius Caesar which made the Ides of March a turning point in Roman history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Et tu, Brute?", "paragraph_text": "Et tu, Brute? (pronounced (\u025bt \u02c8tu\u02d0 \u02c8bru\u02d0t\u025b)) is a Latin phrase meaning ``even you, Brutus? '', made famous by its occurrence in William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, where it is uttered by the Roman dictator Julius Caesar to his friend Marcus Brutus at the moment of the former's assassination. The Latin expression first occurs in Elizabethan literary texts. The quotation is widely used in the English - speaking world to signify the unexpected betrayal by a person, such as a friend.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Triumphs of Caesar (Mantegna)", "paragraph_text": "The Triumphs of Caesar are a series of nine large paintings created by the Italian Renaissance artist Andrea Mantegna between 1484 and 1492 for the Gonzaga Ducal Palace, Mantua. They depict a triumphal military parade celebrating the victory of Julius Caesar in the Gallic Wars. Acknowledged from the time of Mantegna as his greatest masterpiece, they remain the most complete pictorial representation of a Roman triumph ever attempted and together they form the world's largest metric area of Italian Renaissance paintings outside Italy. Acquired by Charles I in 1629, they now form part of the Royal Collection at Hampton Court Palace near London, where they occupy a special gallery, with a new continuous frame intended to capture their original setting, mounted into panelling.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Battle of Philippi", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (of the Second Triumvirate) and the leaders of Julius Caesar's assassination, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia. The Second Triumvirate declared this civil war ostensibly to avenge Julius Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, but the underlying cause was a long - brewing conflict between the so - called Optimates and the so - called Populares.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Indutiomarus", "paragraph_text": "Indutiomarus (died 53 BCE) was a leading aristocrat of the Treveri (the people of the area around present-day Trier) at the time of Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul. He was the head of the anti-Roman party and the political rival of his pro-Roman son-in-law Cingetorix for \"supreme power\" in the state.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Edmund Burke", "paragraph_text": "On 25 February 1757, Burke signed a contract with Robert Dodsley to write a \"history of England from the time of Julius Caesar to the end of the reign of Queen Anne\", its length being eighty quarto sheets (640 pages), nearly 400,000 words. It was to be submitted for publication by Christmas 1758. Burke completed the work to the year 1216 and stopped; it was not published until after Burke's death, being included in an 1812 collection of his works, entitled An Essay Towards an Abridgement of the English History. G. M. Young did not value Burke's history and claimed that it was \"demonstrably a translation from the French\". Lord Acton, on commenting on the story that Burke stopped his history because David Hume published his, said \"it is ever to be regretted that the reverse did not occur\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Caesar Must Die", "paragraph_text": "Caesar Must Die () is a 2012 Italian drama film directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani. The film competed at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Golden Bear. The film is set in Rebibbia Prison (suburb of Rome), and follows convicts in their rehearsals ahead of a prison performance of \"Julius Caesar\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ferdinand Leitner", "paragraph_text": "Ferdinand Leitner (4 March 1912 in Berlin \u2013 3 June 1996 in Z\u00fcrich) was a German conductor. Leitner studied under Franz Schreker, Julius Pr\u00fcwer, Artur Schnabel and Karl Muck.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Et tu, Brute?", "paragraph_text": "Et tu, Brute? (pronounced (\u025bt \u02c8tu\u02d0 \u02c8bru\u02d0t\u025b)) is a Latin phrase meaning ``and you, Brutus? '', made famous by its occurrence in William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, where it is uttered by the Roman dictator Julius Caesar to his friend Marcus Brutus at the moment of the former's assassination. The Latin expression first occurs in Elizabethan literary texts. The quotation is widely used in the English - speaking world to signify the unexpected betrayal by a person, such as a friend.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Julia the Younger", "paragraph_text": "Julia the Younger was not a member of the Julian gens by birth: being the daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa made her a \"Vipsania Agrippina\" by birth, although there are no contemporary sources that show that that name was ever used for her. She came to belong to the household of the Julio-Claudian dynasty as she was raised and instructed by her maternal grandfather Augustus. Further, Augustus adopted Tiberius as his son (and heir), while Tiberius was remarried to Julia the Elder. Augustus became something of a \"paternal\" grandfather to Julia the Elder's children, too, including Julia the Younger. A \"formal\" adoption \"in the family of the Caesars\" among the offspring of Agrippa and Julia the Elder is however only recorded regarding Vipsania Julia's brothers Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa\u2014hence Gaius Julius Caesar\u2014and Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa\u2014hence Lucius Julius Caesar. Her younger sister Agrippina the Elder and youngest full brother, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Postumus, were named after their natural father only until Agrippa Postumus was adopted by Augustus as \"Marcus Julius Caesar Agrippa Postumus\". Likewise, her eldest half-sisters, Vipsania Agrippina and Vipsania Marcella, were named after their father. Her younger half-brother, unnamed in contemporary sources, was later sometimes dubbed \"Tiberillus,\" after his father Tiberius, and died young.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Gaul (current southern France) and Illyria (part of the modern Balkans). Not content with an idle governorship, Caesar strove to find reason to invade Gaul (modern France and Belgium), which would give him the dramatic military success he sought. When two local tribes began to migrate on a route that would take them near (not into) the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul, Caesar had the barely sufficient excuse he needed for his Gallic Wars, fought between 58 BC and 49 BC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Hamnet Shakespeare", "paragraph_text": "Hamnet Shakespeare (baptised 2 February 1585\u00a0\u2013 buried 11 August 1596) was the only son of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway, and the fraternal twin of Judith Shakespeare. He died at the age of 11. Some Shakespearean scholars speculate on the relationship between Hamnet and his father's later play \"Hamlet\", as well as on possible connections between Hamnet's death and the writing of \"King John\", \"Romeo and Juliet\", \"Julius Caesar\", and \"Twelfth Night\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The dogs of war (phrase)", "paragraph_text": "In English, the dogs of war is a phrase spoken by Mark Antony in Act 3, Scene 1, line 273 of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar: ``Cry 'Havoc!', and let slip the dogs of war ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "John Houseman", "paragraph_text": "Houseman was born on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (n\u00e9e Davies) and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Julius Caesar (1953 film)", "paragraph_text": "Julius Caesar is a 1953 epic Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the play by Shakespeare, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, who also wrote the uncredited screenplay, and produced by John Houseman. The original music score is by Mikl\u00f3s R\u00f3zsa. The film stars Marlon Brando as Mark Antony, James Mason as Brutus, John Gielgud as Cassius, Louis Calhern as Julius Caesar, Edmond O'Brien as Casca, Greer Garson as Calpurnia, and Deborah Kerr as Portia.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Where did the producer of Julius Caesar study or work?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 257831, "question": "Julius Caesar >> producer", "answer": "John Houseman", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 123283, "question": "Where did #1 study or work?", "answer": "Clifton College", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "Clifton College", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2564}
{"id": "2hop__40270_11402", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Southern California", "paragraph_text": "Southern California includes the heavily built-up urban area stretching along the Pacific coast from Ventura, through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs: the Los Angeles metropolitan area, consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties; the Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard\u2013Thousand Oaks\u2013Ventura metropolitan area; the Santa Barbara metro area; the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over four million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people. With over 22 million people, southern California contains roughly 60 percent of California's population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pollock, Louisiana", "paragraph_text": "Pollock is located in southeastern Grant Parish at 31 \u00b0 31 \u2032 29 ''N 92 \u00b0 24 \u2032 32'' W \ufeff / \ufeff 31.52472 \u00b0 N 92.40889 \u00b0 W \ufeff / 31.52472; - 92.40889 (31.524760, - 92.408866) and has an elevation of 118 feet (36.0 m). U.S. Route 165 is the main highway through the town, leading north 16 miles (26 km) to Georgetown and south 16 miles to Alexandria. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.3 km), all land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area and ranks as the third-largest city in the state; Mount Pleasant and Summerville are the next-largest cities. These cities combined with other incorporated and unincorporated areas along with the city of Charleston form the Charleston-North Charleston Urban Area with a population of 548,404 as of 2010. The metropolitan statistical area also includes a separate and much smaller urban area within Berkeley County, Moncks Corner (with a 2000 population of 9,123).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "Greater London encompasses a total area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 1,510 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900/sq mi). Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill, Addington Hills, and Primrose Hill. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands; at high tide, its shores reached five times their present width.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Palos Verdes Hills", "paragraph_text": "The Palos Verdes Hills are a low mountain range on the southwestern coast of Los Angeles County, California. They sit atop the Palos Verdes Peninsula, a sub-region of the Los Angeles metropolitan area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Los Angeles Police Department", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the Los Angeles police department. With 9,843 officers and 2,773 civilian staff, it is the third - largest municipal police department in the United States, after the New York City Police Department and the Chicago Police Department. The department serves an area of 498 square miles (1,290 km) and a population of 4,030,904 people.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Southern California", "paragraph_text": "Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino, each of which is the center of its respective metropolitan area, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego\u2013Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Southern California", "paragraph_text": "Within the Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach. Los Angeles itself has many business districts including the Downtown Los Angeles central business district as well as those lining the Wilshire Boulevard Miracle Mile including Century City, Westwood and Warner Center in the San Fernando Valley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Riverside, California", "paragraph_text": "Riverside is the 59th largest city in the United States, 12th largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of southern California. Riverside is about a 47 - mile drive to the Pacific Ocean and is close to Orange county and Los Angeles county.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Southern California", "paragraph_text": "Traveling south on Interstate 5, the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton. The cities and communities along Interstate 15 and Interstate 215 are so inter-related that Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire. To the east, the United States Census Bureau considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas, Riverside-San Bernardino area as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County. While many commute to L.A. and Orange Counties, there are some differences in development, as most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties (the non-desert portions) were developed in the 1980s and 1990s. Newly developed exurbs formed in the Antelope Valley north of Los Angeles, the Victor Valley and the Coachella Valley with the Imperial Valley. Also, population growth was high in the Bakersfield-Kern County, Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo areas.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Carson, California", "paragraph_text": "Carson is a city in Los Angeles County, California, located south of downtown Los Angeles and approximately 14 miles away from the Los Angeles International Airport. Incorporated on February 20, 1968, Carson is the newest municipality in the South Bay region of Metropolitan Los Angeles. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 91,714.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Washburn, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Washburn is an unincorporated community in Armstrong County, Texas, United States. It is located along U.S. Highway 287 in northwestern Armstrong County, approximately 20 miles east of Amarillo. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 120 in 2000. Washburn is part of the Amarillo Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "California", "paragraph_text": "California (/ \u02cck\u00e6l\u026a\u02c8f\u0254\u02d0rnj\u0259, - ni\u0259 / (listen) KAL - i - FORN - y\u0259, - FOR - nee - \u0259) is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States. With 39.3 million residents, California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. The state capital is Sacramento. The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second - and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 8.8 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. California also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County; its largest county by area, San Bernardino County; and its fifth most densely populated county, San Francisco.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside\u2013San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles", "paragraph_text": "Archdiocese of Los Angeles Archidioecesis Angelorum in California Arquidi\u00f3cesis de Los \u00c1ngeles Location Country United States of America Territory Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties Ecclesiastical province Los Angeles Metropolitan Los Angeles, California Statistics Area 14,019 km (5,413 sq mi) Population - Total - Catholics (as of 2015) 11,599,000 4,392,000 (37.9%) Parishes 287 Information Denomination Roman Catholic Sui iuris church Latin Church Rite Roman Rite Established 1 June 1922 (As Diocese of Los Angeles - San Diego) 11 July 1936 (As Archdiocese of Los Angeles) Cathedral Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels Patron saint Saint Vibiana, Saint Patrick, Saint Rita, Saint Emidius Secular priests 590 Current leadership Pope Francis Archbishop Jos\u00e9 G\u00f3mez Auxiliary Bishops Edward W. Clark Alexander Salazar Joseph Brennan David O'Connell Robert Barron Emeritus Bishops Roger Michael Cardinal Mahony Thomas John Curry Joseph Martin Sartoris Gerald Eugene Wilkerson Gabino Zavala Map Website www.la-archdiocese.org", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Demographics of California", "paragraph_text": "California is the most populous sub-national entity in North America. If it were an independent country, California would rank 34th in population in the world. It has a larger population than either Canada or Australia. Its population is one third larger than that of the next largest state, Texas. California surpassed New York to become the most populous state in 1962. However, according to the Los Angeles Times, California's population growth has slowed dramatically in the 21st century. In 2010, the state's five most populous counties were Los Angeles County, San Diego County, Orange County, Riverside County, and San Bernardino County, with Riverside County having the largest percentage increase in population. The largest metro areas in California, as of 2010, are Los Angeles, San Francisco - Oakland - San Jose, San Diego, Riverside - San Bernardino, and Sacramento. Fresno also has a metropolitan area of over one million residents.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The Gambia", "paragraph_text": "The Gambia is less than 50 kilometres (31 miles) wide at its widest point, with a total area of 11,295 km2 (4,361 sq mi). About 1,300 square kilometres (500 square miles) (11.5%) of The Gambia's area are covered by water. It is the smallest country on the African mainland. In comparative terms, The Gambia has a total area slightly less than that of the island of Jamaica.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Greater Houston", "paragraph_text": "Houston -- The Woodlands -- Sugar Land is the fifth most populous metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States, encompassing nine counties along the Gulf Coast of the state of Texas. Colloquially referred to as Greater Houston, the 10,000 - square - mile (26,000 km) region is centered around Harris County, the third-most populous county in the nation, which contains the city of Houston -- the largest economic and cultural center of the South -- with a population of 2.3 million.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Southern California", "paragraph_text": "Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area, eight Metropolitan Statistical Areas, one international metropolitan area, and multiple metropolitan divisions. The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population. These are the Greater Los Angeles Area at 17,786,419, and San Diego\u2013Tijuana at 5,105,768. Of these metropolitan areas, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan area, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area, and Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metropolitan area form Greater Los Angeles; while the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form the Southern Border Region. North of Greater Los Angeles are the Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and Bakersfield metropolitan areas.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "According to the agency that considers if Los Angeles County is to be a separate metropolitan area, what is the total area in square miles?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 40270, "question": "Who considers Los Angeles County to be a separate metropolitan area?", "answer": "United States Census Bureau", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 11402, "question": "According to #1 , what is the total area in square miles?", "answer": "17.037 square miles", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}], "answer": "17.037 square miles", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2773}
{"id": "2hop__847433_11402", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Gambia", "paragraph_text": "The Gambia is less than 50 kilometres (31 miles) wide at its widest point, with a total area of 11,295 km2 (4,361 sq mi). About 1,300 square kilometres (500 square miles) (11.5%) of The Gambia's area are covered by water. It is the smallest country on the African mainland. In comparative terms, The Gambia has a total area slightly less than that of the island of Jamaica.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside\u2013San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Makit County", "paragraph_text": "Makit County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Kashgar Prefecture. It contains an area of . According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 220,000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Kansas City, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Sitting on Missouri's western border, with Downtown near the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, the modern city encompasses some 319.03 square miles (826.3 km), making it the 23rd largest city by total area in the United States. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, and Platte counties. Along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lee's Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.70 square miles (74.33 km2), of which, 27.83 square miles (72.08 km2) of it is land and 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2) is water, much of which is part of the Huron River. Ann Arbor is about 35 miles (56 km) west of Detroit. Ann Arbor Charter Township adjoins the city's north and east sides. Ann Arbor is situated on the Huron River in a productive agricultural and fruit-growing region. The landscape of Ann Arbor consists of hills and valleys, with the terrain becoming steeper near the Huron River. The elevation ranges from about 750 feet (230 m) along the Huron River to 1,015 feet (309 m) on the city's west side, near the intersection of Maple Road and Pauline Blvd. Generally, the west-central and northwestern parts of the city and U-M's North Campus are the highest parts of the city; the lowest parts are along the Huron River and in the southeast. Ann Arbor Municipal Airport, which is south of the city at 42\u00b013.38\u2032N 83\u00b044.74\u2032W\ufeff / \ufeff42.22300\u00b0N 83.74567\u00b0W\ufeff / 42.22300; -83.74567, has an elevation of 839 feet (256 m).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sinincay", "paragraph_text": "Sinincay is a town and parish in Cuenca Canton, Azuay Province, Ecuador. The parish covers an area of 24.9 km\u00b2 and according to the 2001 Ecuadorian census it had a population total of 12,650.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Guildhall, Vermont", "paragraph_text": "Guildhall is a town in and the shire town (county seat) of Essex County, Vermont, United States. The population was 261 at the 2010 census. According to a large sign in the town center, it is the only town in the world so named. The name derives from a meeting house on the square called the Guildhall.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "La Uni\u00f3n, Azuay", "paragraph_text": "La Uni\u00f3n is a town and parish in Chordeleg Canton, Azuay Province, Ecuador. The parish covers an area of 14.1\u00a0km\u00b2 and according to the 2001 Ecuadorian census it had a population total of 1,622.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Paris", "paragraph_text": "According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Hunting Valley, Ohio", "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2000, there were 735 people, 284 households, and 241 families residing in the village. The population density was 92.1 people per square mile (35.6/km2). Of the 735 people, 728 of them are white. There were 317 housing units at an average density of 39.7 per square mile (15.3/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 99.05% White, 0.14% African American, 0.68% Asian, and 0.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population. 17.4% were of English, 17.1% German, 11.0% Irish, 9.0% Italian, 5.7% American and 5.6% Russian ancestry according to Census 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Columbia, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "One of Columbia's more prominent geographical features is its fall line, the boundary between the upland Piedmont region and the Atlantic Coastal Plain, across which rivers drop as falls or rapids. Columbia grew up at the fall line of the Congaree River, which is formed by the convergence of the Broad River and the Saluda River. The Congaree was the farthest inland point of river navigation. The energy of falling water also powered Columbia's early mills. The city has capitalized on this location which includes three rivers by christening itself \"The Columbia Riverbanks Region\". Columbia is located roughly halfway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Blue Ridge Mountains and sits at an elevation of around 292 ft (89 m).Soils in Columbia are well drained in most cases, with grayish brown loamy sand topsoil. The subsoil may be yellowish red sandy clay loam (Orangeburg series), yellowish brown sandy clay loam (Norfolk series), or strong brown sandy clay (Marlboro series). All belong to the Ultisol soil order.According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 134.9 square miles (349.5 km2), of which 132.2 square miles (342.4 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) is water (2.01%). Approximately \u2154 of Columbia's land area, 81.2 square miles (210 km2), is contained within the Fort Jackson Military Installation, much of which consists of uninhabited training grounds. The actual inhabited area for the city is slightly more than 50 square miles (130 km2).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, \"The Ashley and the Cooper Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean.\" The entire peninsula is very low, some is landfill material, and as such, frequently floods during heavy rains, storm surges, and unusually high tides. The city limits have expanded across the Ashley River from the peninsula, encompassing the majority of West Ashley as well as James Island and some of Johns Island. The city limits also have expanded across the Cooper River, encompassing Daniel Island and the Cainhoy area. North Charleston blocks any expansion up the peninsula, and Mount Pleasant occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Litchfield Park, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Litchfield Park is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It is twenty miles northwest of Phoenix. According to the U.S. Census, the population of the city was estimated to be 6,009 as of 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Great Lakes", "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km3, 22 -- 23% of the world's surface fresh water). Due to their sea - like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and the largest freshwater lake by area. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Census county division", "paragraph_text": "A Census County Division (CCD) is a subdivision of a county used by the United States Census Bureau for the purpose of presenting statistical data. A CCD is a relatively permanent statistical area delineated cooperatively by the Census Bureau and state and local government authorities. CCDs are defined in 21 states that do not have well-defined and stable minor civil divisions (MCDs), such as townships, with local governmental purposes, or where the MCDs are deemed to be \"unsatisfactory for the collection, presentation, and analysis of census statistics\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Hinsdale County, Colorado", "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2000, there were 790 people, 359 households, and 246 families residing in the county.  The population density was 0.7 people per square mile (0.3/km\u00b2).  There were 1,304 housing units at an average density of 1.2 per square mile (0.5/km\u00b2).  The racial makeup of the county was 97.34% White, 1.52% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.38% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races.  1.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Riverside, California", "paragraph_text": "Riverside is the 59th largest city in the United States, 12th largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of southern California. Riverside is about a 47 - mile drive to the Pacific Ocean and is close to Orange county and Los Angeles county.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Cuenya", "paragraph_text": "Cuenya is one of six parishes (administrative divisions) in Nava, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. It has an area of 11.36 square kilometers and in the 2001 census 193 houses were counted.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Coalmont, Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Coalmont is a city in Grundy County, Tennessee, United States. Established in 1904, the city has an area of 6 square smiles. The population was 841 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "According to the organization that creates census county division, what is the total area in square miles?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 847433, "question": "census county division >> creator", "answer": "United States Census Bureau", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}, {"id": 11402, "question": "According to #1 , what is the total area in square miles?", "answer": "17.037 square miles", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}], "answer": "17.037 square miles", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2528}
{"id": "2hop__567471_123283", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Microsoft Dangerous Creatures", "paragraph_text": "Microsoft Dangerous Creatures is a discontinued educational programme by Microsoft Home. It was designed for Windows 3.1 and first published in August 1994. It was included in the \"Microsoft Home bundle pack\" along with 'Encarta', 'Works Multimedia', Money and 'Arcade & Best of Windows Entertainment Pack'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "John D. Craig", "paragraph_text": "John D. Craig (1903\u20131997) was an American businessman, writer, soldier, diver, Hollywood stunt man, film producer, and television host. He worked in the commercial surface-supplied diving industry from the 1930s on, and filmed aerial combat over Europe during World War II. He is best known for using film and television to show the United States public the beauties and dangers of Earth's underwater worlds.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "On Dangerous Ground", "paragraph_text": "On Dangerous Ground is a 1951 film noir directed by Nicholas Ray and produced by John Houseman. The screenplay was written by A. I. Bezzerides based on the novel \"Mad with Much Heart,\" by Gerald Butler. The drama features Ida Lupino, Robert Ryan, Ward Bond, and others.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "4 Clowns", "paragraph_text": "4 Clowns is a 1970 documentary compilation film written and directed by Robert Youngson that studies the golden age of comedy through a compilation of rare silent film footage of the works of Stan Laurel, Oliver Hardy, Charley Chase and Buster Keaton. It was the last feature film project of producer, director, and writer Robert Youngson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "John Houseman", "paragraph_text": "Houseman was born on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (n\u00e9e Davies) and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "A Dangerous Age", "paragraph_text": "\"A Dangerous Age\" began as an hour-long drama for CBC-TV, where the 24-year-old Furie worked as a writer, and received critical praise when it was released in the UK where Furie was recognized as a fresh talent; however, it was ignored in Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "On Dangerous Ground (1915 film)", "paragraph_text": "On Dangerous Ground is a 1915 American silent short film directed by Lucius Henderson. William Garwood stars with Violet Mersereau.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Richard Grelling", "paragraph_text": "Richard Grelling was born in Berlin, at that time the capital of Prussia. He studied law but after finishing his studies worked as a writer and dramatist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Walhalla Cricket Ground", "paragraph_text": "The Walhalla Cricket Ground is a landmark in Walhalla, Victoria, Australia. Linked by a walking track from Walhalla Road, the cricket ground is perched at the top of a hill. Because there was a lack of flat ground in the township the mining community, in their spare time, carved the top off the mountain to construct a ground, this work being completed in 1882. It is claimed that the half-hour climb up the hill to reach the ground, in conjunction with the long trip to Walhalla itself, ensured a home advantage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Elaine H. Kim", "paragraph_text": "Elaine H. Kim is a writer, editor and professor in Asian American Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Some of her books are \"Dangerous Women: Gender and Korean Nationalism\" (co-editor with Chungmoo Choi); \"Making More Waves: New Writing by Asian American Women\" (co-editor with Lilia V. Villanueva and Asian Women United of California); and \"East to America: Korean-American Life Stories\" (co-editor with Eui-Young Yu). Kim has also produced several videos about Asian American women.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Dark as a Dungeon", "paragraph_text": "``Dark as a Dungeon ''is a song written by singer - songwriter Merle Travis. It is a lament about the danger and drudgery of being a coal miner in a shaft mine. It has become a rallying song among miners seeking improved working conditions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Jack Ryan (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "John Krasinski as Jack Ryan, an analyst working for the Central Intelligence Agency. Krasinski's interpretation of the character is said to be inspired by Ford's portrayal in Patriot Games and Clear and Present Danger. Director and executive producer Daniel Sackheim said: ``What was so great about the Harrison Ford movies was that they were about an everyman hero. He was a guy who was n't a superhero. He was heroic, but he was vulnerable. He was n't afraid to be scared. He was a regular man and a hero. ''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Stop-and-frisk in New York City", "paragraph_text": "The United States Supreme Court made an important ruling on the use of stop - and - frisk in the 1968 case Terry v. Ohio, hence why the stops are also referred to as Terry stops. While frisks were arguably illegal, until then, a police officer could search only someone who had been arrested, unless a search warrant had been obtained. In the cases of Terry v. Ohio, Sibron v. New York, and Peters v. New York, the Supreme Court granted limited approval in 1968 to frisks conducted by officers lacking probable cause for an arrest in order to search for weapons if the officer believes the subject to be dangerous. The Court's decision made suspicion of danger to an officer grounds for a ``reasonable search. ''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Peer English", "paragraph_text": "Peer English is an academic journal established in 2006 and published annually by the Department of English at the University of Leicester and the English Association. \"Peer English\" exists \"to interpret \u2018literary studies\u2019 as broadly as possible\" with an \"open and inclusive\" approach and publishes \"work that considers any literary period, and deploys the whole range of critical strategies used in the discipline today, from traditional close readings, to historically-grounded scholarship and cutting-edge theoretical or interdisciplinary analyses.\" The current editors are Barbara Cooke and Michael Jolliffe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Relaciones peligrosas", "paragraph_text": "Relaciones peligrosas (English: Dangerous Affairs), originally known as \"F\u00edsica o Qu\u00edmica\" (\"Physics or Chemistry\"), is an American Spanish-language telenovela produced by Telemundo Studios, Miami. It is an adaptation of the Spanish television series \"F\u00edsica o Qu\u00edmica\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Hilda Petrie", "paragraph_text": "Hilda Mary Isabel Petrie (n\u00e9e Urlin; 1871\u20131957) was an Irish-born Egyptologist and wife of Flinders Petrie, the father of scientific archaeology. Having studied geology, she was hired by Flinders Petrie at age 25 as an artist, which led to their marriage and a working partnership that endured for their lifetimes. Hilda travelled and worked with Flinders Petrie to excavate and record numerous sites in Egypt, and later in Palestine. This included directing some excavations herself, and working in often difficult and dangerous conditions to produce copies of tomb hieroglyphs and plans, and to record the work for reports to the Egypt Exploration Fund. When the British School of Archaeology in Egypt was founded in 1905 in London by Flinders Petrie, she worked as its secretary and fundraiser to secure support for the school and their continued excavations. Hilda took part in archaeological excavations and surveys throughout her married life, except for a period while their two children were young. Her work was published, and she also gave public lectures in London and elsewhere.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Danger \u2013 Love at Work", "paragraph_text": "Danger \u2013 Love at Work is a 1937 American screwball comedy film directed by Otto Preminger. The screenplay by James Edward Grant and Ben Markson focuses on an attorney's frustrating efforts to deal with a wildly eccentric family.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Dangerous Years", "paragraph_text": "Dangerous Years is a 1947 American drama film produced by Sol M. Wurtzel, directed by Arthur Pierson, starring Billy Halop and Ann E. Todd. Marilyn Monroe makes her first on screen appearance as Evie the waitress in the restaurant scene.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare", "paragraph_text": "The US ended World War I with two 3-inch AA guns and improvements were developed throughout the inter-war period. However, in 1924 work started on a new 105 mm static mounting AA gun, but only a few were produced by the mid-1930s because by this time work had started on the 90 mm AA gun, with mobile carriages and static mountings able to engage air, sea and ground targets. The M1 version was approved in 1940. During the 1920s there was some work on a 4.7-inch which lapsed, but revived in 1937, leading to a new gun in 1944.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Ring of Fear (A Dangerous Assignment)", "paragraph_text": "Ring of Fear (A Dangerous Assignment) is the second episode of the TV series \"Police Squad!\". It was directed by Joe Dante, written by Tino Insana and Robert Wuhl, and produced by Robert K. Weiss.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Where did the producer of On Dangerous Ground study or work?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 567471, "question": "On Dangerous Ground >> producer", "answer": "John Houseman", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 123283, "question": "Where did #1 study or work?", "answer": "Clifton College", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "Clifton College", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1762}
{"id": "2hop__574496_123283", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Louis Del\u00e2ge", "paragraph_text": "Born Pierre Louis Del\u00e2ge to a family of modest means in Cognac in the Charente \"d\u00e9partement\" of France, as an infant he lost the sight in one eye. At the age of sixteen, he went to study at a trade school Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech in the city of Angers, graduating with an engineering degree in 1893. Delage then fulfilled his military obligation and was stationed in Algeria. Discharged in 1895, he found work with a railway company in the south of France but in 1900 moved to Paris. There, he was employed in the engineering and design department of a motor vehicle manufacturing concern until 1903 when he received an offer to join the fledgling Renault automobile company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "California Newsreel", "paragraph_text": "California Newsreel, founded in 1968, is an American non-profit, social justice film distribution and production company based in San Francisco, California. Their educational media resources include both documentary and feature films, with a focus on the advancement of racial justice and diversity, and the study of African American life and history, as well as African culture and politics. In 2006, Newsreel launched a new thematic focus for their work: Globalization, with an emphasis on the global economy and the international division of labor. Several of California Newsreel's films have been broadcast on PBS.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Aruth Wartan", "paragraph_text": "Born Arutjun Wartanian in Nakhichevan in of the Russian Empire, he was of Armenian heritage. He graduated from high school in 1898 in Tbilisi, Georgia, and then briefly studied medicine in Kharkov (now in Ukraine). Around the turn of the century he briefly lived in Japan before relocating to St. Petersburg. During the Revolution of 1905 he moved to Saxony in Germany and studied at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology. He also worked in Chile and Bolivia before returning to Germany and working as a mining engineer then moving into acting and performing on the stage and screen (since 1916).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Zoomlion", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1992 as Changsha Hi-tech Development Area Zoomlion Construction Mechanical Industry Company, one of its first products were concrete pumps. The company grew out of a subsidiary founded in 1956 in Beijing, as part of the first Ministry of Machinery Industry, Ministry of Construction, Central Enterprise Work Committee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Envision EMI", "paragraph_text": "The company was originally founded as the Congressional Youth Leadership Council (CYLC) in 1985 by Barbara Harris and Richard Rossi. Prior to founding CYLC, Harris worked as both a classroom teacher and as a school administrator, and Rossi worked as a congressional staffer. The two met when Harris arranged a trip for her students to attend the second Presidential Inauguration of Ronald Reagan. The stated purpose of the company was to \"create unique experiences that create a lifetime advantage to high-achievers.\" , neither Harris nor Rossi were affiliated with the company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ciril Cvetko", "paragraph_text": "Cvetko was born in Vu\u010dja Vas near Ljutomer in northeastern Slovenia in 1920. He studied music at the Ljubljana Academy of Music and graduated in 1948. He also completed graduate studies in Prague and Paris. He worked at Triglav Film, the Slovene National Theatre Opera and Ballet Company, and the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra. He died in Ljubljana in 1999.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Thank You for Smoking", "paragraph_text": "Nick Naylor is a handsome, smooth-talking tobacco spokesman who attempts to influence the act of people in daily life and the vice-president of a tobacco lobby called the \"Academy of Tobacco Studies\", which has been researching that whether smoking tobacco cause lung diseases or not. They claim that their research\u2014funded primarily by tobacco companies\u2014has found no definitive evidence for it. Nick's job is mainly defending Big Tobacco on television programs by presenting this research to the public. Naylor and his friends, firearm lobbyist Bobby Jay Bliss and alcohol lobbyist Polly Bailey, meet every week and jokingly call themselves the \"Merchants of Death\" or \"The MOD Squad\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sxip Shirey", "paragraph_text": "Gene \"Sxip\" Shirey (pronounced \"skip\") is an American electric-acoustic composer, performer, and story-teller. Currently based in New York City, he is known for working with found objects, traditional instruments, and computer and rare modified instruments. Shirey has released three solo albums, including \"Sonic New York\" in 2010. Shirey is a member of The Daredevil Opera Company and is a founding member of the band Luminescent Orchestrii, as well as the band Gentlemen & Assassins. He is the host and producer of \"Sxip's Hour of Charm\", a variety show of cabaret acts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Colonel Sanders", "paragraph_text": "Colonel Harland David Sanders (September 9, 1890 -- December 16, 1980) was an American businessman, best known for founding fast food chicken restaurant chain Kentucky Fried Chicken (now known as KFC) and later acting as the company's brand ambassador and symbol. His name and image are still symbols of the company. The title 'colonel' was honorary -- a Kentucky colonel -- not the military rank.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Beethoven House", "paragraph_text": "The Beethoven House (German: Beethoven-Haus) in Bonn, Germany, is a memorial site, museum and cultural institution serving various purposes. Founded in 1889 by the Beethoven-Haus association, it studies the life and work of composer Ludwig van Beethoven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Ensign Manufacturing Company", "paragraph_text": "Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Carmelo G\u00f3mez", "paragraph_text": "Carmelo G\u00f3mez Celada (born 2 January 1962 in Sahag\u00fan, Le\u00f3n) is a Spanish actor. He was born and worked in the village of Sahag\u00fan until he moved for his acting studies to Salamanca. He is the recipient of two Goya Awards, for best supporting actor in El m\u00e9todo and best leading actor in D\u00edas contados.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "John Houseman", "paragraph_text": "Houseman was born on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (n\u00e9e Davies) and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Jan De Nul", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1938, in Hofstade near Aalst, Belgium, Jan De Nul started as a construction company specialised in civil works and maritime construction. It was only in 1951 that the company entered into the dredging business.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Marilyn Monroe", "paragraph_text": "When the studio was still reluctant to change Monroe's contract, she founded a film production company in late 1954; she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions (MMP). She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying method acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. Her subsequent roles included a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop (1956) and the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and the Showgirl (1957). Monroe won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for her work in Some Like It Hot (1959), a critical and commercial success. Her last completed film was the drama The Misfits (1961).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Religion (journal)", "paragraph_text": "Religion is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Religious Studies. It was founded in 1971, with close ties to the Religious Studies program at the University of Lancaster. That program was founded and chaired by Ninian Smart, and he served as the Chairman of the first editorial board. Four companies have published the journal over the years: Oriel Press (1971\u201372), Routledge & Kegan Paul (1973\u201380), Academic Press (1981\u20132000), Elsevier (2001\u20132010), and currently Routledge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Virginia Valli", "paragraph_text": "Born Virginia McSweeney in Chicago, Illinois, she got her acting start in Milwaukee with a stock company. She also did some film work with Essanay Studios in her hometown of Chicago, starting in 1916.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Kenji Fujimori", "paragraph_text": "From 1999 to 2004, Kenji Fujimori studied agronomics at Kansas State University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree. Since 2008, he has been the general manager of a Lima private security and surveillance company. In March 2009, he founded his own enterprise, offering \"independent services\". Moreover, he holds executive positions in three other companies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Four Star Television", "paragraph_text": "Four Star Television, also called Four Star International, was an American television production company. The company was founded in 1952 as Four Star Productions, by prominent Hollywood actors Dick Powell, David Niven, Charles Boyer, and Joel McCrea, after they were inspired by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz founded Desilu Productions a year earlier. McCrea left Four Star soon after its founding to continue acting in film, television and radio, before being replaced with Ida Lupino as the fourth star, even though Lupino did not own any stock in the company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Edgar Lansbury (producer)", "paragraph_text": "Lansbury is the recipient of the John Houseman Award, presented to him by The Acting Company to honor his commitment to the development of classical actors and a national audience for the theater.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Where did the founder of the Acting Company study?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 574496, "question": "The Acting Company >> founded by", "answer": "John Houseman", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 123283, "question": "Where did #1 study or work?", "answer": "Clifton College", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "Clifton College", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1937}
{"id": "2hop__8347_8311", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign. The members of the Chapter are the Dean and four canons residentiary, assisted by the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk. One of the canons is also Rector of St Margaret's Church, Westminster, and often holds also the post of Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Carlinville Chapter House", "paragraph_text": "The Carlinville Chapter House is a historic building located at 111 S. Charles St. in Carlinville, Illinois. The building was constructed between 1909 and 1910 as a meetinghouse for Carlinville's chapter of the American Woman's League. The American Woman's League was a political and social organization founded by magazine publisher Edward Gardner Lewis in 1908. The organization was created to promote feminist causes, particularly the women's suffrage movement; Lewis also intended for the organization to promote and sell his women's magazines. Lewis commissioned the St. Louis architectural firm of Helfensteller, Hirsch & Watson to design five classes of buildings which the League would use as meetinghouses. The Carlinville Chapter House is an example of a Class I building, which was designed for clubs with 30 to 60 members. The building was designed in the Prairie School style and cost $1,200. After the club disbanded, the building was converted to a private home.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nicholas Carriger Estate", "paragraph_text": "The Nicholas Carriger Estate (16-acre) is a collection of buildings located in Sonoma, California, United States. The estate consists of three buildings: the main house built in 1847, a small house, which is a replica of the main house, built in 1860, and a winery, built in 1875. The main house and the Little Carriger house fall in the architectural Greek revival style. There also is a locally quarried \"candy rock\" stone small building next to the main house that may have been used as an ice house. The everflowing Yulupa Spring, which supplied water to the houses and is still flowing, is a short walk along a hillside pathway from the main house. In 1979 the estate was designated a California Historical Landmark, and in 2001, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Harris Switch Tower", "paragraph_text": "Harris Switch Tower, also known as HG Tower or Harris Tower, is an interlocking tower in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in the United States. The tower was built in 1929 by the Pennsylvania Railroad and remained in operation until it was closed in 1991 by Amtrak. Harris was purchased by the local chapter of the National Railway Historical Society in 1992 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "John C. Sharp House", "paragraph_text": "The John C. Sharp House, located off Utah 36 in Vernon, Utah, is an Italianate house that was built in 1888.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Grantham House", "paragraph_text": "Grantham House is a town house, built in 1380, which is owned by the National Trust. It is located in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Grand Army of the Republic Hall (Johnstown, Pennsylvania)", "paragraph_text": "Grand Army of the Republic Hall is a historic clubhouse building located at Johnstown, Cambria County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1893, and is a three-story brick building with a flat roof, three bays by seven bays. The front facade features two carved stone insets with a cannon and crossed sword motif. It was built by the local chapter of the Grand Army of the Republic and later converted to offices. The building was damaged in the Flood of 1977.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Os Dez Mandamentos", "paragraph_text": "\"Os Dez Mandamentos\" is the first telenovela based on a biblical story, both in Brazil and in the World television. The initial expectation is 150 chapters, with external recordings in the Atacama Desert in Chile, as well as recordings in Guarapuava, Paran\u00e1. Some of the special effects is produced by a studio in Hollywood. Considered the most expensive production in the history of the station, has an estimated cost of R$700,000 per chapter. Twenty eight scenarios and a scenographic city with more than seven thousand square meters were built, where the cities of the Hebrews and Egyptians are reproduced. For recording, Arri Alexa's digital cameras were used.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Benjamin C. Wilder House", "paragraph_text": "The Benjamin C. Wilder House is an historic house at 1267 Main Street (Maine State Route 164) in Washburn, Maine. Built about 1852, it is a well-preserved example of mid-19th century vernacular architecture in northern Aroostook County, built in the first decade after widespread settlement began of the area. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It is now owned by the local Salmon Brook Historical Society and operated as a historic house museum.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Houses at 208\u2013218 East 78th Street", "paragraph_text": "The houses at 208\u2013218 East 78th Street in Manhattan, New York, United States, are a group of six attached brick rowhouses built during the early 1860s. They are the remnant of 15 built along that street as affordable housing when the Upper East Side was just beginning to be developed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "John W. Ferguson House", "paragraph_text": "John W. Ferguson House was located in Paterson, Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1906 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 23, 1980. The house was demolished in September 1988.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "The chapter house was built concurrently with the east parts of the abbey under Henry III, between about 1245 and 1253. It was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1872. The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Irving McDonald House", "paragraph_text": "The Irving McDonald House at 191 Booker in Tonopah, Nevada, United States, is a historic stone house that was built in 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "A Crown of Swords", "paragraph_text": "A Crown of Swords is a fantasy novel by American author Robert Jordan, the seventh book of \"The Wheel of Time\". It was published by Tor Books and released on May 15, 1996. \"A Crown of Swords\" consists of a prologue and 41 chapters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Finances of the British royal family", "paragraph_text": "The British royal family is financed mainly by the hereditary revenues of the Crown. The British Parliament uses a percentage of the Crown Estate, a part of the Crown's hereditary revenues belonging to the sovereign that is placed at the disposal of the House of Commons, to meet the costs of the sovereign's official expenditures. This includes the costs of the upkeep of the various royal residences, staffing, travel and state visits, public engagements, and official entertainment. Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall, a parliamentary annuity, and income from private investments. The Keeper of the Privy Purse is Head of the Privy Purse and Treasurer's Office and has overall responsibility for the management of the sovereign's financial affairs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Allandale (Toronto)", "paragraph_text": "Allandale is a historic house in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was built by prominent brewer Enoch Turner in 1856 on Sherbourne Street just north of Dundas St.. When it was built this was the fringe of the town, and the house is rural in appearance with a style common to rural Ontario in this period. The house was named after William Allan, who had owned the large Moss Park estate upon which the house was built.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Ready Player One", "paragraph_text": "Ready Player One is a 2011 LitRPG science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline. The story, set in a dystopian 2040s, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a worldwide virtual reality game, the discovery of which will lead him to inherit the game creator's fortune. Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House). The book was published on August 16, 2011. An audiobook was released the same day; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters. In 2012, the book received an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association division of the American Library Association and won the 2012 Prometheus Award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Finances of the British royal family", "paragraph_text": "The British royal family is financed by the hereditary revenues of the Crown. The British Parliament uses a percentage of the Crown Estate, a part of the Crown's hereditary revenues belonging to the sovereign that is placed at the disposal of the House of Commons, to meet the costs of the sovereign's official expenditures. This includes the costs of the upkeep of the various royal residences, staffing, travel and state visits, public engagements, and official entertainment. Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall, a parliamentary annuity, and income from private investments. The Keeper of the Privy Purse is Head of the Privy Purse and Treasurer's Office and has overall responsibility for the management of the sovereign's financial affairs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The Four and Twenty Elders Casting their Crowns before the Divine Throne", "paragraph_text": "The Four and Twenty Elders Casting their Crowns before the Divine Throne is a pencil drawing and watercolour on paper by the English poet, painter and printmaker William Blake. Created circa 1803\u20131805, the drawing has been held in London's Tate gallery since 1949. It is likely a visionary and hallucinatory summary of scenes from Chapters 4 and 5 of the Book of Revelation when the throne of God was presented to the prophet Saint John the Divine.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When did the crowning of the person under whom the Chapter House was built happen?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 8347, "question": "Under whom was the chapter house built?", "answer": "Henry III", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 8311, "question": "When was #1 crowned?", "answer": "1216", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "1216", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2017}
{"id": "2hop__71034_343058", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of Shrek characters", "paragraph_text": "King Harold (voiced by John Cleese) was the king of Far Far Away, husband of Queen Lillian, father of Princess Fiona, and father in - law of Shrek.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Shrek the Halls", "paragraph_text": "Shrek the Halls is an American Christmas computer-animated comedy television special that premiered on the American television network ABC on Wednesday, November 28, 2007. The thirty minute Christmas special was directed by Gary Trousdale and produced by DreamWorks Animation. Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz and Antonio Banderas reprised their roles from the feature films. This Christmas special takes place between \"Shrek the Third\" and \"Shrek Forever After\". This television special was based on the children's book \"Shrek!\" by the writer William Steig, was published on October 17, 1990.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie", "paragraph_text": "The film's trailer was released on May 19, 2004, and was attached to Shrek 2. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie opened in theaters on November 19, 2004; its yellow - carpet world premiere was at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood on November 14, 2004. Among celebrities who saw the premiere with their children were Ray Romano, Larry King, Ice Cube, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation's Gary Dourdan and Friends' Lisa Kudrow. The carpet was a disturbing reminder of home for Tom Kenny, SpongeBob's voice actor; he said, ``I have a 15 - month - old daughter, so I'm no stranger to yellow carpets. ''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The X Factor (British series 7)", "paragraph_text": "For their qualifying song, and their first as a group, at judges' houses, One Direction sang an acoustic version of ``Torn ''. In week 1 of the live shows, they performed`` Viva la Vida'' and were safe for the week. Week 2 was ``Musical Heroes ''and One Direction sang`` My Life Would Suck Without You'', which received positive comments from the judges; Minogue called them ``five heartthrobs ''and praised their performance, Cole called them`` cute'', and Cowell said ``You are the most exciting pop band in the country right now. ''They sang`` Nobody Knows'' in week 3 and ``Total Eclipse of the Heart ''in week 4. In week 4, girl band Belle Amie were eliminated, leaving One Direction as Cowell's last remaining act. They sang`` Kids in America'' in week 5, ``Something About the Way You Look Tonight ''in week 6, and`` All You Need Is Love'' in week 7. They were safe each week, never once being in the bottom two. For weeks 8 and 9, they performed ``Summer of 69 ''and`` You Are So Beautiful'' in week 8 and ``Only Girl (in the World) ''and`` Chasing Cars'' in week 9. They were safe both times, making it to the final live show, being the first ever manufactured group to do so. In week 10, they performed ``Your Song ''. After performing`` Torn'' in the final, One Direction finished in third place behind runner - up Rebecca Ferguson and winner Matt Cardle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Guitar Hero II", "paragraph_text": "Guitar Hero II is a music rhythm game developed by Harmonix, published by Activision and distributed by RedOctane. It is the second installment in the \"Guitar Hero\" series and is the sequel to \"Guitar Hero\". It was first released for the PlayStation 2 in November 2006, and then for the Xbox 360 in April 2007, with additional content not originally in the PlayStation 2 version.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Princess Fiona", "paragraph_text": "Princess Fiona is a fictional main character who serves as the female lead in DreamWorks' animated Shrek film series. She made her first appearance in the first film in the franchise, Shrek (2001), voiced by American actress Cameron Diaz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Shadow of the Dragon", "paragraph_text": "Shadow of the Dragon is a 1993 book written by Sherry Garland. It chronicles Danny Vo and Nguyen Sang Le, two ethnic Vietnamese living in Houston; Danny is Americanized while Sang Le has difficulty adjusting to American culture and society.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "My Hero Academia: Two Heroes", "paragraph_text": "My Hero Academia: Two Heroes (Japanese: \u50d5\u306e\u30d2\u30fc\u30ed\u30fc\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30a2 THE MOVIE ~ 2 \u4eba\u306e\u82f1\u96c4 (\u30d2\u30fc\u30ed\u30fc) ~, Hepburn: Boku no H\u012br\u014d Academia THE MOVIE: Futari no H\u012br\u014d) is a 2018 Japanese anime superhero film based on the manga My Hero Academia by K\u014dhei Horikoshi. Set between the second and third seasons of the anime series, the film was directed by Kenji Nagasaki and produced by Bones. Anime Expo hosted the film's world premiere on July 5, 2018, and it was later released to theaters in Japan on August 3, 2018.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Shrek!", "paragraph_text": "Shrek! is a picture book published in 1990 by American book writer and cartoonist William Steig, about a repugnant and monstrous green creature who leaves home to see the world and ends up saving a princess. The name \"Shrek\" is the romanization of the Yiddish word \u05e9\u05e8\u05e2\u05e7, corresponding to German \"\" and meaning \"fear\" or \"fright\", but also used as a common exclamation, often in the form \"Oy Shrek!\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2", "paragraph_text": "Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2 is a Lego - themed action - adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and Xbox One on 14 November 2017. It is the sequel to Lego Marvel Super Heroes and the third installment of the Lego Marvel franchise.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Mirrorball (TV pilot)", "paragraph_text": "Mirrorball was a sitcom pilot in the United Kingdom directed by Adrian Edmondson and written by Jennifer Saunders. It originally aired on 22 December 2000.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Heroes of the Storm", "paragraph_text": "Heroes of the Storm (HotS) is a multiplayer online battle arena video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment for Microsoft Windows and macOS that was released on June 2, 2015. The game features heroes from Blizzard's franchises including Warcraft, Diablo, StarCraft, The Lost Vikings, and Overwatch. The game uses both free - to - play and freemium models and is supported by micropayments, which can be used to purchase heroes, visual alterations for the heroes in the game, and mounts. Blizzard does not call the game a ``multiplayer online battle arena ''or an`` action real - time strategy'' because they feel it is something different with a broader playstyle; they refer to it as an online ``hero brawler ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Shrek the Third", "paragraph_text": "Shrek the Third is a 2007 American computer - animated fantasy comedy film and the third installment in the Shrek franchise, produced by DreamWorks Animation. It is the sequel to 2004's Shrek 2, and is the first in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures, which acquired DreamWorks Pictures, the former parent of DreamWorks Animation, in 2006. Chris Miller and Raman Hui directed and co-directed the film, respectively, with the former also co-writing the screenplay with Jeffrey Price, Peter S. Seaman, and Aron Warner. In addition to Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Antonio Banderas, Rupert Everett, Julie Andrews, and John Cleese, who reprise their roles from Shrek 2, the film also features Justin Timberlake in the role of Arthur Pendragon and Eric Idle as Merlin. Harry Gregson - Williams composed the original music for the film. The story takes place eight months after the marriage of Shrek and Fiona in the first film. Reluctantly reigning over the kingdom of Far, Far Away, Shrek sets out to find the next heir to the throne -- Fiona's cousin Artie, while Prince Charming is plotting to overthrow Shrek and become king.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Kung Fu Panda", "paragraph_text": "Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6, 2008. The film received positive reviews upon release. Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters, grossing $20.3 million on its opening day and $60.2 million on its opening weekend, resulting in the number one position at the box office. The film became DreamWorks' biggest opening for a non-sequel film, the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide, and also had the fourth - largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office, behind Shrek 2, Shrek the Third, and Shrek Forever After.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Survivor: Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers", "paragraph_text": "Survivor: Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers is the 35th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor. This season featured 18 new players divided into three tribes based on a dominant perceived trait: ``Heroes ''(courage),`` Healers'' (compassion), and ``Hustlers ''(tenacity). The season premiered on September 27, 2017, and ended on December 20, 2017, when Ben Driebergen was named the winner over Chrissy Hofbeck and Ryan Ulrich in a 5 -- 2 -- 1 vote.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Shrek (franchise)", "paragraph_text": "The Shrek franchise from DreamWorks Animation, based on William Steig's picture book Shrek!, consists of four computer - animated films including: Shrek (2001), Shrek 2 (2004), Shrek the Third (2007), and Shrek Forever After (2010), with a fifth film planned for a 2019 or 2020 release. A short 4 - D film, Shrek 4 - D, which originally was a theme park ride, was released in 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Bashkim Sulejmani Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The Bashkim Sulejmani Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Ku\u00e7ov\u00eb, Albania. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Naft\u00ebtari. The stadium holds 5,000 spectators It is named after Bashkim Sulejmani, a hero of the city.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Holding Out for a Hero", "paragraph_text": "Japanese singer Miki Asakura recorded the song in Japanese as \u30d2\u30fc\u30ed\u30fc HOLDING OUT FOR A HERO in 1984. Elizabeth Daily recorded the song as the series theme song to the TV series Cover Up. Jennifer Saunders recorded the song for the 2004 film Shrek 2. It was also featured on the associated soundtrack. Frou Frou also recorded an alternatively tuned version of the song for Shrek 2 which appears during the film credits and in the soundtrack. American Post-Hardcore band Emery also did a cover for the 2005 Fearless Records compilation Punk Goes 80's. Ella Mae Bowen recorded a country version of the song which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2011 remake of Footloose.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Dota 2", "paragraph_text": "Dota 2 is a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video game developed and published by Valve Corporation. The game is a sequel to \"Defense of the Ancients\" (\"DotA\"), which was a community-created mod for Blizzard Entertainment's \"\" and its expansion pack, \"The Frozen Throne\". \"Dota 2\" is played in matches between two teams of five players, with each team occupying and defending their own separate base on the map. Each of the ten players independently controls a powerful character, known as a \"hero\", who all have unique abilities and differing styles of play. During a match, players collect experience points and items for their heroes to successfully defeat the opposing team's heroes in player versus player combat. A team wins by being the first to destroy the other team's \"Ancient\", a large structure located within their base.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Shrek", "paragraph_text": "\"Shrek\" premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or, making it the first animated film since Disney's \"Peter Pan\" (1953) to receive that honor. It was widely praised as an animated film that featured adult-oriented humor and themes, while catering to children at the same time. The film was theatrically released in the United States on May 18, 2001, and grossed $484.4\u00a0million worldwide against production budget of $60\u00a0million. \"Shrek\" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. It also earned six award nominations from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), ultimately winning Best Adapted Screenplay. The film's success helped establish DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in feature film computer animation, and three sequels were released\u2014\"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), and \"Shrek Forever After\" (2010)\u2014along with two holiday specials, a spin-off film, and a stage musical that kickstarted the \"Shrek\" franchise. Although plans for a fifth film were cancelled prior to the fourth film's release, the project was revived in 2016 and has since stalled, with production and a potential release date getting pushed back.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the spouse of the person who sang holding out for a hero in shrek 2?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 71034, "question": "who sang holding out for a hero in shrek 2", "answer": "Jennifer Saunders", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 343058, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Adrian Edmondson", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "Adrian Edmondson", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2544}
{"id": "2hop__109131_343058", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses", "paragraph_text": "Divorce is discouraged, and remarriage is forbidden unless a divorce is obtained on the grounds of adultery, which they refer to as \"a scriptural divorce\". If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adulterous unless the prior spouse has died or is since considered to have committed sexual immorality. Extreme physical abuse, willful non-support of one's family, and what the religion terms \"absolute endangerment of spirituality\" are considered grounds for legal separation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Fabulous Suzanne", "paragraph_text": "The Fabulous Suzanne is a 1946 American romantic comedy film directed by Steve Sekely and starring Barbara Britton, Rudy Vallee and Otto Kruger. A waitress inherits a fortune from one of her customers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mirrorball (TV pilot)", "paragraph_text": "Mirrorball was a sitcom pilot in the United Kingdom directed by Adrian Edmondson and written by Jennifer Saunders. It originally aired on 22 December 2000.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Fabulous Texan", "paragraph_text": "The Fabulous Texan is a 1947 American Western film directed by Edward Ludwig and written by Lawrence Hazard and Horace McCoy. The film stars Wild Bill Elliott, John Carroll, Catherine McLeod, Albert Dekker, Andy Devine and Patricia Knight. The film was released on November 9, 1947, by Republic Pictures.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Return of the Fabulous Hofner Bluenotes", "paragraph_text": "The Return of the Fabulous Hofner Bluenotes is the twenty-second studio album by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released in 2008 by his own record label, Jazzee Blue. It comprises three CDs and double 10\" Vinyl records in an 80-page hardback book. It is the second album of his project, the \"Hofner Blue Notes\" (2003).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Absolute World", "paragraph_text": "Absolute World is a residential condominium twin tower skyscraper complex in the five tower Absolute City Centre development in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. The project was built by Fernbrook Homes and Cityzen Development Group. With the first three towers completed (Absolute City Centre 1 and 2 and Absolute Vision), the last two towers (Absolute World 4 and 5) were topped off at 50 and 56 storeys.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Fabulous Thad Jones", "paragraph_text": "The Fabulous Thad Jones is the debut album by American jazz trumpeter Thad Jones recorded in 1954 and originally released on Charles Mingus' Debut Records label as a 10-inch LP. The album was later re-issued as a 12-inch LP titled simply, Thad Jones.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Absolute Body Control", "paragraph_text": "Absolute Body Control is an electronic music project from Belgium. It is notable as the first significant project of musicians Dirk Ivens and Eric Van Wonterghem.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Absolutely Fabulous", "paragraph_text": "Absolutely Fabulous, also known as Ab Fab, is a former British television sitcom created by, written by and starring Jennifer Saunders. It is based on the 1990 \"French & Saunders\" sketch \"Modern Mother and Daughter\", created by Saunders and Dawn French.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Absolute zero", "paragraph_text": "Absolute zero is the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reaches its minimum value, taken as 0. Absolute zero is the point at which the fundamental particles of nature have minimal vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanical, zero - point energy - induced particle motion. The theoretical temperature is determined by extrapolating the ideal gas law; by international agreement, absolute zero is taken as \u2212 273.15 \u00b0 on the Celsius scale (International System of Units), which equates to \u2212 459.67 \u00b0 on the Fahrenheit scale (United States customary units or Imperial units). The corresponding Kelvin and Rankine temperature scales set their zero points at absolute zero by definition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "The Great Pyramid Robbery", "paragraph_text": "The Great Pyramid Robbery is a fantasy novel by English writer Katherine Roberts, the first book in The Seven Fabulous Wonders series and the prequel to \"The Babylon Game\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Malliavin's absolute continuity lemma", "paragraph_text": "In mathematics \u2014 specifically, in measure theory \u2014 Malliavin's absolute continuity lemma is a result due to the French mathematician Paul Malliavin that plays a foundational r\u00f4le in the regularity (smoothness) theorems of the Malliavin calculus. Malliavin's lemma gives a sufficient condition for a finite Borel measure to be absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Mok Kwai-lan", "paragraph_text": "Mok Kwai-lan (; October 15, 1892 \u2013 November 3, 1982) was the fourth spouse of Lingnan martial arts grandmaster Wong Fei-hung.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign", "paragraph_text": "The Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign is a Las Vegas landmark funded in May 1959 and erected soon after by Western Neon. The sign was designed by Betty Willis at the request of Ted Rogich, a local salesman, who sold it to Clark County, Nevada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Philosophy of space and time", "paragraph_text": "The example Leibniz uses involves two proposed universes situated in absolute space. The only discernible difference between them is that the latter is positioned five feet to the left of the first. The example is only possible if such a thing as absolute space exists. Such a situation, however, is not possible, according to Leibniz, for if it were, a universe's position in absolute space would have no sufficient reason, as it might very well have been anywhere else. Therefore, it contradicts the principle of sufficient reason, and there could exist two distinct universes that were in all ways indiscernible, thus contradicting the identity of indiscernibles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "The Colossus Crisis", "paragraph_text": "The Colossus Crisis is a fantasy novel by British writer Katherine Roberts, the sixth novel in The Seven Fabulous Wonders series and the sequel to \"The Olympic Conspiracy\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Mausoleum Murder", "paragraph_text": "The Mausoleum Murder is a fantasy novel by British writer Katherine Roberts, the fourth novel in The Seven Fabulous Wonders series and the sequel to \"The Amazon Temple Quest\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Geology", "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of the 20th century, important advancement in geological science was facilitated by the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events using radioactive isotopes and other methods. This changed the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another. With isotopic dates it became possible to assign absolute ages to rock units, and these absolute dates could be applied to fossil sequences in which there was datable material, converting the old relative ages into new absolute ages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Absolute Hangover", "paragraph_text": "Absolute Hangover () is a 1999 Norwegian comedy film directed by Petter N\u00e6ss, starring Ingar Helge Gimle and Brit Elisabeth Haagensli.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Magica De Spell", "paragraph_text": "Magica De Spell (\"magica\" being the feminine of \"magico\", ) is a fictional character of the Scrooge McDuck universe, an Italian sorceress created by Carl Barks. She constantly steals or attempts to steal Scrooge McDuck's Number One Dime, which she believes will play a vital role in magically obtaining the same fabulous wealth of its owner.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the spouse of the creator of Absolutely Fabulous?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 109131, "question": "Who is Absolutely Fabulous by?", "answer": "Jennifer Saunders", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 343058, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Adrian Edmondson", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}], "answer": "Adrian Edmondson", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1346}
{"id": "2hop__56851_343058", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Skriker", "paragraph_text": "The Skriker is a 1994 play by Caryl Churchill that tells the story of an ancient fairy who, during the course of the play, transforms into a plethora of objects and people as it pursues Lily and Josie, two teenage mothers whom it befriends, manipulates, seduces and entraps. Whilst speaking English in its human incarnations, the Skriker\u2019s own language consists of broken and fragmented word play. Blending naturalism, horror and magical realism, it is a story of love, loss and revenge. As with Churchill's \"A Mouthful of Birds\" (1986), the play explores the themes of post-natal psychosis and possession.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Andy Barclay", "paragraph_text": "Andy Barclay Child's Play character Andy in Child's Play 2 First appearance Child's Play Created by Don Mancini Portrayed by Alex Vincent (1 - 2, 6 - 7) Justin Whalin (3) Information Full name Andrew William Barclay Gender Male Family Karen Barclay (mother) Mr. Barclay (deceased father) Michael Norris (stepfather) Kyle (foster sister) Phil Simpson (deceased foster father) Joanne Simpson (deceased foster mother) Nationality American", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Secret of the Wings", "paragraph_text": "Mae Whitman as Tinker Bell, a tinker fairy and Periwinkle's twin sister. Lucy Hale as Periwinkle, a frost fairy and Tinker Bell's twin sister. Timothy Dalton as Lord Milori, the lord of the Winter Woods and Queen Clarion's love interest. Jeff Bennett as Dewey, a frost fairy. Lucy Liu as Silvermist, a water fairy. Raven - Symone as Iridessa, a light fairy. Megan Hilty as Rosetta, a garden fairy. Pamela Adlon as Vidia, a fast - flying fairy. Angela Bartys as Fawn, an animal fairy. Matt Lanter as Sled, a frost fairy and Rosetta's love interest. Debby Ryan as Spike, a frost fairy and Periwinkle's best friend. Grey DeLisle as Gliss, a frost fairy and Periwinkle's secondary best friend. Rob Paulsen as Bobble, a wispy tinker fairy with large glasses and Clank's best friend. Jeff Bennett as Clank, a large tinker fairy. Jane Horrocks as Fairy Mary, the oversee of all tinker fairies. Jodi Benson as Healing Fairy. Kari Wahlgren as Receptionist. Thomas Lennon as Reading Fairy. Ben Diskin as Slush, a Glacier Fairy. Jesse McCartney as Terence, a dust fairy. Jeff Bennett as Fairy Gary, the oversee of all dust fairy. Kathy Najimy as The Minister of Summer. John DiMaggio as The Minister of Autumn. Steve Valentine as The Minister of Spring. Dee Bradley Baker as Cheese / Fiona / Blaze. Anjelica Huston as Queen Clarion, the queen of all Pixie Hollow and Lord Milori's love interest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Shrek the Third", "paragraph_text": "Shrek the Third is a 2007 American computer - animated fantasy comedy film and the third installment in the Shrek franchise, produced by DreamWorks Animation. It is the sequel to 2004's Shrek 2, and is the first in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures, which acquired DreamWorks Pictures, the former parent of DreamWorks Animation, in 2006. Chris Miller and Raman Hui directed and co-directed the film, respectively, with the former also co-writing the screenplay with Jeffrey Price, Peter S. Seaman, and Aron Warner. In addition to Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Antonio Banderas, Rupert Everett, Julie Andrews, and John Cleese, who reprise their roles from Shrek 2, the film also features Justin Timberlake in the role of Arthur Pendragon and Eric Idle as Merlin. Harry Gregson - Williams composed the original music for the film. The story takes place eight months after the marriage of Shrek and Fiona in the first film. Reluctantly reigning over the kingdom of Far, Far Away, Shrek sets out to find the next heir to the throne -- Fiona's cousin Artie, while Prince Charming is plotting to overthrow Shrek and become king.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Kingdom of the Fairies", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of the Fairies (), initially released in the United States as Fairyland, or the Kingdom of the Fairies and in Great Britain as The Wonders of the Deep, or Kingdom of the Fairies, is a 1903 French silent film directed by Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Shrek (franchise)", "paragraph_text": "The Shrek franchise from DreamWorks Animation, based on William Steig's picture book Shrek!, consists of four computer - animated films including: Shrek (2001), Shrek 2 (2004), Shrek the Third (2007), and Shrek Forever After (2010), with a fifth film planned for a 2019 or 2020 release. A short 4 - D film, Shrek 4 - D, which originally was a theme park ride, was released in 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Shrek 2", "paragraph_text": "Shrek 2 is a 2004 American computer - animated fantasy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon. It is the sequel to 2001's Shrek, with Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz reprising their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona from the first film, joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, and Jennifer Saunders. Sometime after the first film, Shrek, Donkey and Fiona go to visit Fiona's parents (voiced by Andrews and Cleese), while Shrek and Donkey discover that a greedy Fairy God Mother (voiced by Saunders) is plotting to destroy Shrek and Fiona's marriage so Fiona can marry her son, Prince Charming (voiced by Everett). Shrek and Donkey team up with a swashbuckling cat named Puss in Boots (voiced by Banderas) to stop her.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Nick Bottom", "paragraph_text": "Nick Bottom is a character in Shakespeare's \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" who provides comic relief throughout the play. A weaver by trade, he is famously known for getting his head transformed into that of a donkey by the elusive Puck. Bottom and Puck are the only two characters who converse with and progress the three central stories in the whole play. Puck is first introduced in the fairies' story and creates the drama of the lovers' story by messing up who loves whom, and places the donkey head on Bottom's in his story. Similarly, Bottom is performing in a play in his story intending it to be presented in the lovers' story, as well as interacting with Titania in the fairies' story.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mirrorball (TV pilot)", "paragraph_text": "Mirrorball was a sitcom pilot in the United Kingdom directed by Adrian Edmondson and written by Jennifer Saunders. It originally aired on 22 December 2000.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Shrek the Halls", "paragraph_text": "Shrek the Halls is an American Christmas computer-animated comedy television special that premiered on the American television network ABC on Wednesday, November 28, 2007. The thirty minute Christmas special was directed by Gary Trousdale and produced by DreamWorks Animation. Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz and Antonio Banderas reprised their roles from the feature films. This Christmas special takes place between \"Shrek the Third\" and \"Shrek Forever After\". This television special was based on the children's book \"Shrek!\" by the writer William Steig, was published on October 17, 1990.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Christopher Knights", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Knights is an English voice actor, film editor and camera operator best known for providing the voice of Private the Penguin in Madagascar. He worked on several DreamWorks films Shrek, Shrek 2, Shrek the Third and Shrek 4 - D. He started his filming career at Amblimation studios and worked on We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story and Balto. When he joined DreamWorks he not only started his editing career but also his acting career. He worked on the Shrek series as an associate editor and voice of the Three Blind Mice and Thelonious, Lord Farquad's Henchman. He worked many times with another English cameraman and voice actor, Simon J. Smith.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Holding Out for a Hero", "paragraph_text": "Japanese singer Miki Asakura recorded the song in Japanese as \u30d2\u30fc\u30ed\u30fc HOLDING OUT FOR A HERO in 1984. Elizabeth Daily recorded the song as the series theme song to the TV series Cover Up. Jennifer Saunders recorded the song for the 2004 film Shrek 2. It was also featured on the associated soundtrack. Frou Frou also recorded an alternatively tuned version of the song for Shrek 2 which appears during the film credits and in the soundtrack. American Post-Hardcore band Emery also did a cover for the 2005 Fearless Records compilation Punk Goes 80's. Ella Mae Bowen recorded a country version of the song which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2011 remake of Footloose.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Kung Fu Panda", "paragraph_text": "Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6, 2008. The film received positive reviews upon release. Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters, grossing $20.3 million on its opening day and $60.2 million on its opening weekend, resulting in the number one position at the box office. The film became DreamWorks' biggest opening for a non-sequel film, the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide, and also had the fourth - largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office, behind Shrek 2, Shrek the Third, and Shrek Forever After.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Princess Fiona", "paragraph_text": "Princess Fiona is a fictional main character who serves as the female lead in DreamWorks' animated Shrek film series. She made her first appearance in the first film in the franchise, Shrek (2001), voiced by American actress Cameron Diaz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "The Rainbow Fairies", "paragraph_text": "The Rainbow Fairies are a series of fairies that organize the color in Fairyland, in the fictional children's books Rainbow Magic by Daisy Meadows.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Shrek!", "paragraph_text": "Shrek! is a picture book published in 1990 by American book writer and cartoonist William Steig, about a repugnant and monstrous green creature who leaves home to see the world and ends up saving a princess. The name \"Shrek\" is the romanization of the Yiddish word \u05e9\u05e8\u05e2\u05e7, corresponding to German \"\" and meaning \"fear\" or \"fright\", but also used as a common exclamation, often in the form \"Oy Shrek!\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "List of Shrek characters", "paragraph_text": "King Harold (voiced by John Cleese) was the king of Far Far Away, husband of Queen Lillian, father of Princess Fiona, and father in - law of Shrek.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Jaime Murray", "paragraph_text": "Jaime Murray (born 21 July 1976) is an English actress, known for playing Stacie Monroe in the BBC series Hustle (2004 -- 2012), Lila West in the Showtime series Dexter (2007), Gaia in the Starz miniseries Spartacus: Gods of the Arena (2011), Olivia Charles in The CW series Ringer (2011 -- 2012), Helena G. Wells in the Syfy series Warehouse 13 (2010 -- 2014), Stahma Tarr in the Syfy series Defiance (2013 -- 2015), Fiona / the Black Fairy in the ABC series Once Upon a Time (2016 -- 2017) and Antoinette in the CW series The Originals (2018).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Shrek", "paragraph_text": "\"Shrek\" premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or, making it the first animated film since Disney's \"Peter Pan\" (1953) to receive that honor. It was widely praised as an animated film that featured adult-oriented humor and themes, while catering to children at the same time. The film was theatrically released in the United States on May 18, 2001, and grossed $484.4\u00a0million worldwide against production budget of $60\u00a0million. \"Shrek\" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. It also earned six award nominations from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), ultimately winning Best Adapted Screenplay. The film's success helped establish DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in feature film computer animation, and three sequels were released\u2014\"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), and \"Shrek Forever After\" (2010)\u2014along with two holiday specials, a spin-off film, and a stage musical that kickstarted the \"Shrek\" franchise. Although plans for a fifth film were cancelled prior to the fourth film's release, the project was revived in 2016 and has since stalled, with production and a potential release date getting pushed back.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Jaime Murray", "paragraph_text": "Jaime Murray (born 21 July 1976) is an English actress, known for playing Stacie Monroe in the BBC series Hustle and Lila West in the Showtime series Dexter. She is also known for her recurring roles as Gaia in the Starz miniseries Spartacus: Gods of the Arena, as Olivia Charles in The CW series Ringer, as Helena G. Wells in the Syfy series Warehouse 13, as Stahma Tarr in the Syfy series Defiance, and as the Black Fairy in Once Upon a Time.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the spouse of the actress who played the fairy god mother in Shrek 2?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 56851, "question": "who plays the fairy god mother in shrek 2", "answer": "Jennifer Saunders", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}, {"id": 343058, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "Adrian Edmondson", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "Adrian Edmondson", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2669}
{"id": "2hop__14092_8311", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Walter Calverley", "paragraph_text": "Walter Calverley was the eldest son and heir of William Calverley (d.1572) by his wife, Katherine Thorneholme, daughter of John Thorneholme of Haysthorpe, Yorkshire. William Calverley was the son of Sir Walter Calverley and Anne Danby, daughter of Sir Christopher Danby (d. 14 June 1571) and Elizabeth Neville, daughter of Richard Neville, 2nd Baron Latimer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sir William Maule", "paragraph_text": "Sir William Maule was the eldest son of Sir Peter Maule and Christina de Valognes, Baron and Baroness of Panmure and Benvie. William succeeded as Baron in 1254 on his father's death. He was married to Ethana de Vallibus, daughter of John Vaux, Lord of Dirleton, and left one son, Henry Maule, who succeeded him as Baron.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "John, King of England", "paragraph_text": "John's first wife, Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, was released from imprisonment in 1214; she remarried twice, and died in 1217. John's second wife, Isabella of Angoul\u00eame, left England for Angoul\u00eame soon after the king's death; she became a powerful regional leader, but largely abandoned the children she had had by John. John had five legitimate children, all by Isabella. His eldest son, Henry III, ruled as king for the majority of the 13th century. Richard became a noted European leader and ultimately the King of the Romans in the Holy Roman Empire. Joan married Alexander II of Scotland to become his queen consort. Isabella married the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. His youngest daughter, Eleanor, married William Marshal's son, also called William, and later the famous English rebel Simon de Montfort. John had a number of illegitimate children by various mistresses, including nine sons \u2013 Richard, Oliver, John, Geoffrey, Henry, Osbert Gifford, Eudes, Bartholomew and probably Philip \u2013 and three daughters \u2013 Joan, Maud and probably Isabel. Of these, Joan became the most famous, marrying Prince Llywelyn the Great of Wales.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "HMS Farnham Castle (K413)", "paragraph_text": "She was laid down at John Crown & Sons Ltd in Sunderland on 25 June 1943 and launched on 25 April 1944 before being commissioned on 31 January 1945", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Liu Ju", "paragraph_text": "Liu Ju (; 128\u201391 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (\u885b\u592a\u5b50) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (\u623e\u592a\u5b50, literally \"the Unrepentant Crown Prince\") was a Western Han Dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and the heir apparent to his father, Emperor Wu of Han, until his death at age 38 during the political turmoil in 91 BC. Contrary to his less-than-flattering posthumous name, Liu Ju was generally regarded by historians as a well-mannered, benevolent, morally upright man who, by circumstances out of his control, was forced into an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "John Mitchell Kemble", "paragraph_text": "John Mitchell Kemble (2 April 1807 \u2013 26 March 1857), English scholar and historian, was the eldest son of Charles Kemble the actor and Maria Theresa Kemble. He is notable for his major contribution to the history of the Anglo-Saxons and philology of the Old English language.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Succession to the British throne", "paragraph_text": "Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second - eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Eric Penn", "paragraph_text": "Eric Penn was the eldest son of William Penn, a cricketer and a businessman who ran the family engineering company of John Penn and Sons founded by his own father, John Penn, which was based in Greenwich, London. Eric Penn was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College, Cambridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "James Gooderham Worts", "paragraph_text": "James Gooderham Worts (June 4, 1818 - June 20, 1882) was the eldest son of James Worts and Elizabeth Gooderham.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Zhao Jiande", "paragraph_text": "Zhao Jiande was the eldest son of Zhao Yingqi and a Yue woman. Although the eldest, Jiande was passed over for kingship in preference for his half-brother, Zhao Yingqi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Roberto Irineu Marinho", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Irineu Marinho was born in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, the eldest son of three of the late Roberto Marinho.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "John Darling and Son", "paragraph_text": "John Darling and Son was an Australian wheat merchant and flour milling company founded in Adelaide, South Australia, for many years the largest in Australia. It was founded by John Darling Sr. (1831\u20131905), a businessman of Scottish origin, and Member of Parliament for 25 years. He was succeeded by his eldest son, John Darling, Jr. (1852\u20131914), also a Member of Parliament, then by Harold Gordon Darling. It was registered as a private company in Victoria in 1953 with three directors: Norman Darling, Leonard Darling, and Leonard Gordon Darling.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Wondosson Kassa", "paragraph_text": "\"Leul\" Wondosson Kassa was the eldest son of \"Ras\" Kassa Haile Darge. \"Ras\" Kassa was a loyal ally of \"Negus\" Tafari Makonnen, who ultimately was crowned Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Pernell Roberts", "paragraph_text": "Pernell Elven Roberts, Jr. (May 18, 1928 -- January 24, 2010) was an American stage, film and television actor, as well as a singer. In addition to guest - starring in over 60 television series, he was best known for his roles as Ben Cartwright's eldest son Adam Cartwright on the Western television series Bonanza (1959 -- 1965), and as chief surgeon Dr. John McIntyre, the title character on Trapper John, M.D. (1979 -- 1986).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "John Petrie", "paragraph_text": "John Petrie was born 15 January 1822 in Edinburgh, the eldest son of Andrew Petrie and Mary Cuthbertson. He arrived in Sydney with his family in 1831 and was educated at John Dunmore Lang's school. In 1837 he went to Moreton Bay, where his father had been appointed clerk of works, and accompanied him on explorations to the west and north of Brisbane; he also became a champion oarsman. Aware that his son might be unduly influenced by the incarcerated men at the penal colony, his father only selected workmen that he considered beyond reproach to come to his home in the evening to teach his sons cabinet making and carpentry skills.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Raglan Squire", "paragraph_text": "Raglan Squire, the eldest son of the poet and critic J C (later Sir John) Squire, was born in London and educated at Blundell's School in Tiverton and at St John's College, Cambridge to read Architecture. Upon graduation Rag spent a year working on building sites, followed by four years working in architects' offices and studying part-time for his RIBA exams at the Regent Street Polytechnic's evening classes in the early 1930s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "John III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel", "paragraph_text": "John III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, nicknamed \"John from Prague\" (1244 in Prague \u2013 1268) was the eldest son of Margrave Otto III and his wife, Beatrice of Bohemia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "John Wedgwood (horticulturist)", "paragraph_text": "John Wedgwood (baptised 2 April 1766 \u2014 26 January 1844), the eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood, was a partner in the Wedgwood pottery firm 1790\u20131793 and again 1800\u20131812.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Succession to the British throne", "paragraph_text": "Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second - eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When was John's eldest son crowned?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 14092, "question": "Who was John's eldest son?", "answer": "Henry III", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 8311, "question": "When was #1 crowned?", "answer": "1216", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "1216", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1832}
{"id": "2hop__422295_8311", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Alice of Armenia", "paragraph_text": "Alice of Armenia (1182 \u2013 after 1234) was ruling Lady of Toron from 1229 to 1236 as the eldest daughter of Ruben III, Prince of Armenia and his wife Isabella of Toron. She was heiress of Toron as well as a claimant to the throne of Armenia. She married three times; by her second marriage she was Countess of Tripoli, and she only had children from this marriage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ilona Andr\u00e1ssy", "paragraph_text": "Countess Ilona Andr\u00e1ssy de Cs\u00edkszentkir\u00e1ly et Krasznahorka (21 May 1858 \u2013 2 April 1952) was a Hungarian noblewoman, wife of Count Lajos Batthy\u00e1ny de N\u00e9met\u00fajv\u00e1r (1860\u20131951) who served as Governor of Fiume.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "John, King of England", "paragraph_text": "Unfortunately, Isabella was already engaged to Hugh of Lusignan, an important member of a key Poitou noble family and brother of Count Raoul of Eu, who possessed lands along the sensitive eastern Normandy border. Just as John stood to benefit strategically from marrying Isabella, so the marriage threatened the interests of the Lusignans, whose own lands currently provided the key route for royal goods and troops across Aquitaine. Rather than negotiating some form of compensation, John treated Hugh \"with contempt\"; this resulted in a Lusignan uprising that was promptly crushed by John, who also intervened to suppress Raoul in Normandy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "John I, Count of Foix", "paragraph_text": "John I, Count of Foix also known as \"Jean de Foix-Grailly\" (1382 \u2013 4 May 1436) was Count of Foix from 1428 until his death in 1436. He succeeded his mother Isabella, Countess of Foix. His father was Archambaud de Grailly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Catherine of Pfalz-Zweibr\u00fccken (1661\u20131720)", "paragraph_text": "Catherine of Pfalz-Zweibr\u00fccken (10 December 1661 \u2013 27 May 1720), was the daughter of Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Countess Elsa Elisabeth Brahe of Wisingsborg, cousin of Charles XI of Sweden and the sister of Adolph John II, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Gustav, Duke of Zweibr\u00fccken. She is foremost known for the scandal involving herself and her siblings, when she, after a long ongoing conflict in 1686-88, escaped from the authority of her parents.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Surrey", "paragraph_text": "Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Surrey (1224 \u2013 9 February 1256) was a uterine half-sister of King Henry III of England and the wife of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey. Shortly after her arrival in England from France in 1247, her half-brother arranged her marriage to the Earl, which incurred some resentment from the English nobility.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1924 Imperial Airways de Havilland DH.34 crash", "paragraph_text": "The 1924 Imperial Airways de Havilland DH.34 crash occurred on 24 December 1924 when de Havilland DH.34 G-EBBX of Imperial Airways crashed at Purley, Surrey, United Kingdom killing all eight people on board. The aircraft was operating a scheduled international flight from Croydon, Surrey, to Paris, France. It was the first fatal accident suffered by Imperial Airways and led to the first public inquiry into a civil aviation accident in the United Kingdom. As a result of issues brought up during the Public Inquiry, Croydon Airport was expanded, absorbing most of Beddington Aerodrome.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dalfi d'Alvernha", "paragraph_text": "Dalfi d'Alvernha was the son of William VII the Young of Auvergne, Count of Clermont, and of Jeanne de . He married Guillemette de Comborn, Countess of Montferrand, daughter of Archambaud, Viscount of Comborn, and Jourdaine of P\u00e9rigord. Their children were A\u00e9lis, Guillaume (William, later Count of Clermont), Blanche, and Alix.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Alice de Lencquesaing", "paragraph_text": "Alice de Lencquesaing (born 11 August 1991) is a French actress who appeared in Mia Hansen-L\u00f8ve's 2009 film \"Father of My Children\" with her father Louis-Do de Lencquesaing. She was also in the film \"Summer Hours\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Elizabeth von Arnim", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth von Arnim (31 August 1866 \u2013 9 February 1941), born Mary Annette Beauchamp, was an Australian-born British novelist. By marriage she became Countess von Arnim-Schlagenthin, and after her second marriage she was styled as Elizabeth Russell, Countess Russell. Although known in her early life as Mary, after the publication of her first book, she was known to her readers, eventually to her friends, and finally even to her family as Elizabeth and she is now invariably referred to as Elizabeth von Arnim. She also wrote under the pen name Alice Cholmondeley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby", "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby (December 1599\u2013 March 31, 1664), born Charlotte de La Tr\u00e9moille, is famous for her robust defence of Lathom House during the English Civil War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Alice Sabatini", "paragraph_text": "Alice Sabatini (born in Montalto di Castro on 12 October 1996) is an Italian basketball player, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was the winner of the Miss Italia 2015. She won the crown on 12 October 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville", "paragraph_text": "Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville, Countess of March, Baroness Mortimer (2 February 1286 \u2013 19 October 1356), also known as Jeanne de Joinville, was the daughter of Sir Piers de Geneville and Joan of Lusignan. She inherited the estates of her grandparents, Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville, and Maud de Lacy, Baroness Geneville. She was one of the wealthiest heiresses in the Welsh Marches and County Meath, Ireland. She was the wife of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, the de facto ruler of England from 1327 to 1330. She succeeded as suo jure 2nd Baroness Geneville on 21 October 1314 upon the death of her grandfather, Geoffrey de Geneville.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "James III of Cyprus", "paragraph_text": "James III of Cyprus (or Jacques III de Lusignan) (6 July 1473 \u2013 26 August 1474) was the only child by the marriage of James II of Cyprus and Catherine Cornaro. He died in mysterious circumstances as an infant, leaving his mother as the last Queen of Cyprus. His death paved the way for Venice to gain control of Cyprus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Surrey Eagles", "paragraph_text": "The Surrey Eagles are a junior \"A\" ice hockey team based in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Mainland Division of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). They play their home games at South Surrey Arena.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Lady Louise Windsor", "paragraph_text": "Lady Louise Windsor (Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary Mountbatten-Windsor; born 8 November 2003) is the elder child and only daughter of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, and Sophie, Countess of Wessex. She is the youngest granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. She is 13th in the line of succession to the British throne.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Surrey First", "paragraph_text": "Surrey First is a civic political organization in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. It is a non-partisan civic organization, members of which were elected to a majority on Surrey City Council in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai", "paragraph_text": "Countess Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai de Marosn\u00e9methi et N\u00e1daska (14 January 1918 \u2013 18 April 2013) was a Hungarian noblewoman and wife of Istv\u00e1n Horthy, son of Regent Mikl\u00f3s Horthy and Deputy Regent of Hungary for a short time in 1942.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Pilar Primo de Rivera", "paragraph_text": "\"Do\u00f1a\" Mar\u00eda del Pilar Primo de Rivera y S\u00e1enz de Heredia, 1st Countess of the Castle of La Mota (November 4, 1907 \u2013 March 17, 1991) was the sister of Jos\u00e9 Antonio Primo de Rivera, founder of the Falange, a political movement of Spain, and the daughter of Spanish dictator General Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When was the sibling of Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Surrey crowned?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 422295, "question": "Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Surrey >> sibling", "answer": "Henry III", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 8311, "question": "When was #1 crowned?", "answer": "1216", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "1216", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1796}
{"id": "2hop__176712_8311", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Katherine of England", "paragraph_text": "Katherine of England (Old English: \"Katerine\"; 25 November 12533 May 1257) was the fifth child of Henry III and his wife, Eleanor of Provence. She was born either a deaf-mute or just deaf and mentally challenged and was very sickly. She possibly had a degenerative disease, did not survive her fourth year and died at Windsor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "John Plessington", "paragraph_text": "John Plessington (c. 1637 \u2013 19 July 1679), also known as John Plesington, William Scarisbrick and William Pleasington, was an English Catholic priest who was executed by the English Crown for violating the ban on the presence of Catholic priests in the kingdom. He is now honored as one of the Roman Catholic Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "A number of new Presbyterian Churches were founded by Scottish immigrants to England in the 19th century and later. Following the 'Disruption' in 1843 many of those linked to the Church of Scotland eventually joined what became the Presbyterian Church of England in 1876. Some, that is Crown Court (Covent Garden, London), St Andrew's (Stepney, London) and Swallow Street (London), did not join the English denomination, which is why there are Church of Scotland congregations in England such as those at Crown Court, and St Columba's, Pont Street (Knightsbridge) in London. There is also a congregation in the heart of London's financial district called London City Presbyterian Church that is also affiliated with Free Church of Scotland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland", "paragraph_text": "Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland ( \u2013 13 November 1440), was the fourth of the four children (and only daughter) of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and his mistress, later wife, Katherine Swynford. In her widowhood, she was a powerful landowner in the North of England.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Galdan Tseren", "paragraph_text": "Galdan Tseren was the eldest son of Tsewang Rabtan. After the assassination of his father by rival factions, a civil war followed between his sons of which Galdan Tseren emerged victorious and crowned himself the new Dzungar Khan. Galdan Tseren continued his fathers policies of confrontation with the Qing dynasty. He refused to surrender Lubsan Danjin, the leader of the revolt of the Kokonor (Qinghai) Khoshuts of 1723, and he initiated a policy of harassment of the Khalkha Mongols, the Manchu's allies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Katherine Kelly Lang", "paragraph_text": "Katherine Kelly Lang (born Katherine Kelly Wegeman; July 25, 1961) is an American actress best known for playing Brooke Logan in the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bill of Rights 1689", "paragraph_text": "These ideas reflected those of the political thinker John Locke and they quickly became popular in England. It also sets out -- or, in the view of its drafters, restates -- certain constitutional requirements of the Crown to seek the consent of the people, as represented in Parliament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Liu Yin (Han Zhao)", "paragraph_text": "Liu Yin (\u5289\u80e4) (died 329), courtesy name Yisun (\u7fa9\u5b6b), was an imperial prince of the Chinese/Xiongnu state Han Zhao, who, following his father Liu Yao's capture by rival Later Zhao, tried to maintain the state with his brother, the crown prince Liu Xi, but was unsuccessful and killed by Later Zhao.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Katherine Kelly Lang", "paragraph_text": "Katherine Kelly Lang (born Katherine Kelly Wegeman; July 25, 1961) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Brooke Logan on the CBS Daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful (1987 -- present).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Katherine District Hospital", "paragraph_text": "Katherine District Hospital is a district public hospital servicing the Katherine Region in the Northern Territory, Australia. It is located from the centre of town on the banks of the Katherine River, overlooking Knott's Crossing. It services an area of . Around 85% percent of its patients are Aboriginal people, many from some of the most remote communities in Australia. It is operated by the Northern Territory Government Department of Health.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Dissolution of the Monasteries", "paragraph_text": "The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the set of administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded monasteries, priories, convents and friaries in England and Wales and Ireland, appropriated their income, disposed of their assets, and provided for their former personnel and functions. Although the policy was originally envisaged as increasing the regular income of the Crown, much former monastic property was sold off to fund Henry's military campaigns in the 1540s. He was given the authority to do this in England and Wales by the Act of Supremacy, passed by Parliament in 1534, which made him Supreme Head of the Church in England, thus separating England from Papal authority, and by the First Suppression Act (1536) and the Second Suppression Act (1539).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Katherine E. Nash Gallery", "paragraph_text": "The Katherine E. Nash Gallery is an art gallery located at the University of Minnesota Department of Art on the West Bank of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the United States. Founded by Katherine Nash during the 1970s, the gallery occupies in the department's Regis Center for Art.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Coronation of the British monarch", "paragraph_text": "The Anglo-Saxon monarchs used various locations for their coronations, including Bath, Kingston upon Thames, London, and Winchester. The last Anglo-Saxon monarch, Harold II, was crowned at Westminster Abbey in 1066; the location was preserved for all future coronations. When London was under the control of rebels, Henry III was crowned at Gloucester in 1216; he later chose to have a second coronation at Westminster in 1220. Two hundred years later, Henry VI also had two coronations; as king of England in London in 1429, and as king of France in Paris in 1431.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Sima Yu", "paragraph_text": "Sima Yu's father Sima Zhong was developmentally disabled, and before he, then crown prince, was to marry his wife Jia Nanfeng, his father Emperor Wu gave him one of his own concubines, Consort Xie Jiu (\u8b1d\u7396), so that Consort Xie could teach him how to have sexual relations. While Crown Princess Jia bore the crown prince four daughters, Sima Yu was his only son.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Robert Curthose", "paragraph_text": "When William II died on 2 August 1100, Robert was on his return journey from the Crusade and was about to marry a wealthy young bride to raise funds to buy back his duchy. As a result of Robert's absence, his brother Henry was able to seize the crown of England for himself.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Jacksons: An American Dream", "paragraph_text": "The miniseries stars Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs as the Jacksons' patriarch Joseph Jackson, Angela Bassett as the family matriarch Katherine Jackson, Alex Burrall, Jason Weaver and Wylie Draper played Michael Jackson in different eras, while Bumper Robinson and Terrence Howard played Jackie Jackson in different eras, Shakiem Jamar Evans and Angel Vargas played Tito Jackson, Margaret Avery as Katherine's mother Martha Scruse, Holly Robinson Peete as Diana Ross, Billy Dee Williams as Berry Gordy and Vanessa L. Williams as Suzanne de Passe. The opening titles of the film shows footage of the real Jacksons rehearsing, performing on stage, a few clips from the ``Can You Feel It ''music video, album covers, magazine covers and pictures of the family. The film is mostly based on the autobiography written by Katherine Jackson, who issued the 1990 autobiography, My Family. Part one of the film was based on how Joseph and Katherine managed to raise their children, first in Gary, Indiana, then later dealing with The Jackson 5's early fame and its consequences. Part two of the film is based on the struggles of young Michael Jackson as he deals with his brothers marrying early into The Jackson 5 success, his problems with acne as a teenager, his eventual solo superstardom based on the success of his albums Off the Wall and Thriller and his legendary Motown 25 performance of`` Billie Jean'' as well as his difficult relationship with his father.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Dissolution of the Monasteries", "paragraph_text": "The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the set of anti-Catholic administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded Roman Catholic monasteries, priories, convents and friaries in England and Wales and Ireland, appropriated their income, disposed of their assets, and provided for their former personnel and functions. Although the policy was originally envisaged as increasing the regular income of the Crown, much former monastic property was sold off to fund Henry's military campaigns in the 1540s. He was given the authority to do this in England and Wales by the Act of Supremacy, passed by Parliament in 1534, which made him Supreme Head of the Church in England, thus separating England from Papal authority, and by the First Suppression Act (1536) and the Second Suppression Act (1539).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Lady Katherine Grey", "paragraph_text": "Katherine Seymour, Countess of Hertford (25 August 1540 \u2013 26 January 1568), born Lady Katherine Grey, was a younger sister of Lady Jane Grey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "As early as 1650, settlers from the Virginia colony moved into the area of Albemarle Sound. By 1663, King Charles II of England granted a charter to start a new colony on the North American continent; it generally established North Carolina's borders. He named it Carolina in honor of his father Charles I. By 1665, a second charter was issued to attempt to resolve territorial questions. In 1710, owing to disputes over governance, the Carolina colony began to split into North Carolina and South Carolina. The latter became a crown colony in 1729.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What year was the father of Katherine of England crowned?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 176712, "question": "Katherine of England >> father", "answer": "Henry III", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 8311, "question": "When was #1 crowned?", "answer": "1216", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "1216", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2082}
{"id": "2hop__159741_161674", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Morrison Observatory", "paragraph_text": "Morrison Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Central Methodist University located in Fayette, Missouri (USA). It was named after Bernice Morrison who, in 1874, pledged $100,000 to C. W. Pritchett for the construction of the observatory. Half of that amount would go the construction of the telescope and observatory; the other half to a permanent trust fund. The observatory was built soon afterwards in Glasgow, Missouri at Pritchett College and opened in 1875.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Daylight saving time", "paragraph_text": "Start and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, almost two-thirds of the year. The 2007 US change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start and end dates were the first Sunday in April and the last Sunday in October, and Congress retains the right to go back to the previous dates now that an energy-consumption study has been done. Proponents for permanently retaining November as the month for ending DST point to Halloween as a reason to delay the change in order to allow extra daylight for the evening of October 31.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Holy Cross Goodtime Marching Band", "paragraph_text": "Formed in 1845, the Holy Cross Crusaders Marching Band (HCMB) is one of the oldest organizations at The College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. The Crusaders Marching Band first began performing at football games in 1910 and the band's role has expanded significantly since to include other athletic appearances, performing at all home football games, selected away games, in exhibition at high school band competitions, and at various events throughout the country. In the spring, the marching band converts into the Holy Cross Crusader Pep Band and plays at all home basketball games, and travels with the teams to the NCAA tournament. The Marching Band performs at Fitton Field while the Pep Band plays in the Hart Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Non andare pi\u00f9 lontano", "paragraph_text": "\"Non andare pi\u00f9 lontano\" (\"Don't go far away anymore\") was the Italian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1967, performed in Italian by Claudio Villa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Third Crusade", "paragraph_text": "Richard had intended to return to England when he heard the news that Saladin and his army had captured Jaffa. Richard and a small force of little more than 2,000 men went to Jaffa by sea in a surprise attack. Richard's forces stormed Jaffa from their ships and the Ayyubids, who had been unprepared for a naval attack, were driven from the city. Richard freed those of the Crusader garrison who had been made prisoner, and these troops helped to reinforce the numbers of his army. Saladin's army still had numerical superiority, however, and they counter-attacked. Saladin intended a stealthy surprise attack at dawn, but his forces were discovered; he proceeded with his attack, but his men were lightly armoured and lost 700 men killed due to the missiles of the large numbers of Crusader crossbowmen. The battle to retake Jaffa ended in complete failure for Saladin, who was forced to retreat. This battle greatly strengthened the position of the coastal Crusader states.On 2 September 1192, following his defeat at Jaffa, Saladin was forced to finalize a treaty with Richard providing that Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, while allowing unarmed Christian pilgrims and traders to visit the city. Ascalon was a contentious issue as it threatened communication between Saladin's dominions in Egypt and Syria; it was eventually agreed that Ascalon, with its defences demolished, be returned to Saladin's control. Richard departed the Holy Land on 9 October 1192.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Salt-Water Poems and Ballads", "paragraph_text": "In The Collected Poems of John Masefield the opening line was changed to the text now more commonly anthologised: ``I must go down to the sea again, to the lonely sea and the sky ''. The first lines of the second and third stanzas retained the form`` I must down to the seas again (...)''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "John, King of England", "paragraph_text": "The political situation in England rapidly began to deteriorate. Longchamp refused to work with Puiset and became unpopular with the English nobility and clergy. John exploited this unpopularity to set himself up as an alternative ruler with his own royal court, complete with his own justiciar, chancellor and other royal posts, and was happy to be portrayed as an alternative regent, and possibly the next king. Armed conflict broke out between John and Longchamp, and by October 1191 Longchamp was isolated in the Tower of London with John in control of the city of London, thanks to promises John had made to the citizens in return for recognition as Richard's heir presumptive. At this point Walter of Coutances, the Archbishop of Rouen, returned to England, having been sent by Richard to restore order. John's position was undermined by Walter's relative popularity and by the news that Richard had married whilst in Cyprus, which presented the possibility that Richard would have legitimate children and heirs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "John, King of England", "paragraph_text": "When John's elder brother Richard became king in September 1189, he had already declared his intention of joining the Third Crusade. Richard set about raising the huge sums of money required for this expedition through the sale of lands, titles and appointments, and attempted to ensure that he would not face a revolt while away from his empire. John was made Count of Mortain, was married to the wealthy Isabel of Gloucester, and was given valuable lands in Lancaster and the counties of Cornwall, Derby, Devon, Dorset, Nottingham and Somerset, all with the aim of buying his loyalty to Richard whilst the king was on crusade. Richard retained royal control of key castles in these counties, thereby preventing John from accumulating too much military and political power, and, for the time being, the king named the four-year-old Arthur of Brittany as the heir to the throne. In return, John promised not to visit England for the next three years, thereby in theory giving Richard adequate time to conduct a successful crusade and return from the Levant without fear of John seizing power. Richard left political authority in England \u2013 the post of justiciar \u2013 jointly in the hands of Bishop Hugh de Puiset and William Mandeville, and made William Longchamp, the Bishop of Ely, his chancellor. Mandeville immediately died, and Longchamp took over as joint justiciar with Puiset, which would prove to be a less than satisfactory partnership. Eleanor, the queen mother, convinced Richard to allow John into England in his absence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "\u00c9douard Hugon", "paragraph_text": "\u00c9douard Hugon (25 August 1867 \u2013 7 February 1929), Roman Catholic Priest, French Dominican, Thomistic philosopher and theologian trusted and held in high esteem by the Holy See, from 1909 to 1929 was a professor at the \"Pontificium Collegium Internationale Angelicum\", the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, \"Angelicum\", as well as a well-known author of philosophical and theological manuals within the school of traditional Thomism.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "William de Longchamp", "paragraph_text": "William de Longchamp (died 1197) was a medieval Lord Chancellor, Chief Justiciar, and Bishop of Ely in England. Born to a humble family in Normandy, he owed his advancement to royal favour. Although contemporary writers accused Longchamp's father of being the son of a peasant, he held land as a knight. Longchamp first served Henry II's illegitimate son Geoffrey, but quickly transferred to the service of Richard I, Henry's heir. When Richard became king in 1189, Longchamp paid \u00a33,000 for the office of Chancellor, and was soon named to the see, or bishopric, of Ely and appointed legate by the pope.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Bombay City Improvement Trust", "paragraph_text": "The Bombay City Improvement Trust (BIT) was created on December 9, 1898, in response to the Mumbai plague epidemic of 1896. It was created through an Act of the Parliament. The Municipal Corporation and the government handed over all vacant lands to this body. The CIT undertook a host of measures to improve sanitary and living conditions in the city. The planned opening up of suburbs was due to the Trust.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "1990 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe", "paragraph_text": "The 1990 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp on Sunday 7 October 1990. It was the 69th running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ferdinand (film)", "paragraph_text": "When Ferdinand (John Cena) eventually grows up into an enormous bull, he still retains his non-violent, flower - loving nature. Due to his size, he is left behind when Juan, Nina, and Paco go to Ronda for an annual flower festival. Ferdinand decides to go anyway, resulting in him getting stung by a bee and unintentionally wreaking havoc around town and is taken away back to Casa Del Toro, much to his and Nina's sadness.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Prix de l'Abbaye de Longchamp", "paragraph_text": "The Prix de l'Abbaye de Longchamp is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged two years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,000 metres (about 5 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early October.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Francesco Suriano", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Suriano (1445-after 1481) was an Italian friar of the Franciscan order, who wrote a guide for travel to the Holy Land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Bletchley Park", "paragraph_text": "In February 1992, the Milton Keynes Borough Council declared most of the Park a conservation area, and the Bletchley Park Trust was formed to maintain the site as a museum. The site opened to visitors in 1993, and was formally inaugurated by HRH The Duke of Kent as Chief Patron in July 1994. In 1999 the land owners, the Property Advisors to the Civil Estate and BT, granted a lease the Trust giving the Trust control over most of the site.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Old Course at St Andrews", "paragraph_text": "The Old Course at St Andrews is considered the oldest golf course in the world, a public course over common land in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It is held in trust by The St Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliament. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews club house sits adjacent to the first tee, although it is but one of many clubs that have playing privileges on the course, along with the general public.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Daylight saving time", "paragraph_text": "Start and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996, European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, almost two - thirds of the year. The 2007 U.S. change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start and end dates were the first Sunday in April and the last Sunday in October, and Congress retains the right to go back to the previous dates now that an energy - consumption study has been done. Proponents for permanently retaining November as the month for ending DST point to Halloween as a reason to delay the change -- to provide extra daylight on October 31.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "William de Longchamp", "paragraph_text": "Longchamp governed England while Richard was on the Third Crusade, but his authority was challenged by Richard's brother, John, who eventually succeeded in driving Longchamp from power and from England. Longchamp's relations with the other leading English nobles were also strained, which contributed to the demands for his exile. Soon after Longchamp's departure from England, Richard was captured on his journey back to England from the crusade and held for ransom by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Longchamp travelled to Germany to help negotiate Richard's release. Although Longchamp regained the office of Chancellor after Richard's return to England, he lost much of his former power. He aroused a great deal of hostility among his contemporaries during his career, but he retained Richard's trust and was employed by the king until the bishop's death in 1197. Longchamp wrote a treatise on the law, which remained well known throughout the later Middle Ages.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "If You Go Away", "paragraph_text": "``If You Go Away ''is an adaptation of the 1959 Jacques Brel song`` Ne me quitte pas'' with English lyrics by Rod McKuen. Created as part of a larger project to translate Brel's work, ``If You Go Away ''is considered a pop standard and has been recorded by many artists, including Greta Keller, for whom some say McKuen wrote the lyrics.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What month did the person who retained trust in Longchamp go away to the Holy Land?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 159741, "question": "Who's trust did Longchamp retain?", "answer": "Richard", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 161674, "question": "What month did #1 go away from the Holy Land?", "answer": "October", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "October", "answer_aliases": ["Oct"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2558}
{"id": "2hop__159741_40169", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ana Free", "paragraph_text": "Ana Gomes Ferreira, known professionally as Ana Free, is a singer, musician, songwriter and performer who has had a series of top-five hit singles, including 4 number one hits, in Portugal. She has a growing musical presence on the popular video sharing website YouTube, gaining over 34 million views to date. Ana Free's single \"Electrical Storm\" from her debut album \"Together\" occupied the number 1 spot on the MTV Portugal Top 50 National Music Chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe", "paragraph_text": "The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 2,400 metres (about 11\u20442 miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year, usually on the first Sunday in October.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Don't Trust Me", "paragraph_text": "``Do n't Trust Me ''Single by 3OH! 3 from the album Want Released June 1, 2008 (United States) July 13, 2009 (United Kingdom) April 19, 2010 (United Kingdom Re-release) Recorded 2008 Genre Electronic rock, alternative rock, pop rock, electropop, Length 3: 12 Label Photo Finish Records Songwriter (s) Sean Foreman, Nathaniel Motte, Benjamin Levin Producer (s) Benny Blanco 3OH! 3 singles chronology`` Electroshock'' (2007) ``Do n't Trust Me ''(2008)`` Starstrukk'' (2009) ``Electroshock ''(2007)`` Do n't Trust Me'' (2008) ``Starstrukk ''(2009) Audio sample file help", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Normans", "paragraph_text": "In April 1191 Richard the Lion-hearted left Messina with a large fleet in order to reach Acre. But a storm dispersed the fleet. After some searching, it was discovered that the boat carrying his sister and his fianc\u00e9e Berengaria was anchored on the south coast of Cyprus, together with the wrecks of several other ships, including the treasure ship. Survivors of the wrecks had been taken prisoner by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos. On 1 May 1191, Richard's fleet arrived in the port of Limassol on Cyprus. He ordered Isaac to release the prisoners and the treasure. Isaac refused, so Richard landed his troops and took Limassol.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2005 Atlantic hurricane season", "paragraph_text": "The 2005 season was the first to observe more tropical storms and cyclones in the Atlantic than in the West Pacific; on average, the latter experiences 26 tropical storms per year while the Atlantic only averages 12. This event was repeated in the 2010 season; however, the 2010 typhoon season broke the record for the fewest storms observed in a single year, while the 2005 typhoon season featured near-average activity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "As the Band Turns", "paragraph_text": "As the Band Turns is the sixth album by R&B band Atlantic Starr, released in 1985. Following the departure of initial lead singer Sharon Bryant, \"As The Band\" sees the introduction of new vocalist Barbara Weathers. This proved to be one of the band's more successful releases, yielding several R&B hits, such as \"Freak-A-Ristic,\" \"If Your Heart Isn't In It\" (written by former Average White Band vocalist Hamish Stuart), and the smash quiet storm anthem \"Secret Lovers.\" This would be the band's last release for A&M Records after a memorable, although inconsistent, run of hits throughout the early 80's.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Master chief petty officer", "paragraph_text": "A fleet master chief petty officer (FLTCM) is a master chief who again has virtually the same responsibility as command master chiefs, but for larger fleet commands. There are four fleet master chief positions in the Navy:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1990 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe", "paragraph_text": "The 1990 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp on Sunday 7 October 1990. It was the 69th running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "John, King of England", "paragraph_text": "When John's elder brother Richard became king in September 1189, he had already declared his intention of joining the Third Crusade. Richard set about raising the huge sums of money required for this expedition through the sale of lands, titles and appointments, and attempted to ensure that he would not face a revolt while away from his empire. John was made Count of Mortain, was married to the wealthy Isabel of Gloucester, and was given valuable lands in Lancaster and the counties of Cornwall, Derby, Devon, Dorset, Nottingham and Somerset, all with the aim of buying his loyalty to Richard whilst the king was on crusade. Richard retained royal control of key castles in these counties, thereby preventing John from accumulating too much military and political power, and, for the time being, the king named the four-year-old Arthur of Brittany as the heir to the throne. In return, John promised not to visit England for the next three years, thereby in theory giving Richard adequate time to conduct a successful crusade and return from the Levant without fear of John seizing power. Richard left political authority in England \u2013 the post of justiciar \u2013 jointly in the hands of Bishop Hugh de Puiset and William Mandeville, and made William Longchamp, the Bishop of Ely, his chancellor. Mandeville immediately died, and Longchamp took over as joint justiciar with Puiset, which would prove to be a less than satisfactory partnership. Eleanor, the queen mother, convinced Richard to allow John into England in his absence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Chevrolet S-10 EV", "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet S-10 Electric was an American electric-powered vehicle built by Chevrolet. It was introduced in 1997, updated in 1998, and then discontinued. It was an OEM BEV variant of Chevrolet's S-10 pickup truck. The S-10 Electric was solely powered by electricity, and was marketed primarily to utility fleet customers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Network Aviation", "paragraph_text": "In February 2011, Network Aviation was purchased by Qantas. Network retains its current management, employees and operating structure, with the business to be aligned with Qantas' operations, standards and processes. With the purchase, Qantas stated it was looking at significantly growing Network's fleet and operations. On taking over Network, Qantas announced that it was purchasing ten Fokker 100 aircraft for the company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "William de Longchamp", "paragraph_text": "Longchamp governed England while Richard was on the Third Crusade, but his authority was challenged by Richard's brother, John, who eventually succeeded in driving Longchamp from power and from England. Longchamp's relations with the other leading English nobles were also strained, which contributed to the demands for his exile. Soon after Longchamp's departure from England, Richard was captured on his journey back to England from the crusade and held for ransom by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Longchamp travelled to Germany to help negotiate Richard's release. Although Longchamp regained the office of Chancellor after Richard's return to England, he lost much of his former power. He aroused a great deal of hostility among his contemporaries during his career, but he retained Richard's trust and was employed by the king until the bishop's death in 1197. Longchamp wrote a treatise on the law, which remained well known throughout the later Middle Ages.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Battle of Flushing", "paragraph_text": "The Dutch fleet initially left Flushing, but returned when the Spanish fleet was hit by the city's cannons. Five Spanish ships were seized, but the remainder managed to reach the cities of Middelburg and Arnemuiden.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Prix de l'Abbaye de Longchamp", "paragraph_text": "The Prix de l'Abbaye de Longchamp is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged two years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,000 metres (about 5 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early October.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "John, King of England", "paragraph_text": "The political situation in England rapidly began to deteriorate. Longchamp refused to work with Puiset and became unpopular with the English nobility and clergy. John exploited this unpopularity to set himself up as an alternative ruler with his own royal court, complete with his own justiciar, chancellor and other royal posts, and was happy to be portrayed as an alternative regent, and possibly the next king. Armed conflict broke out between John and Longchamp, and by October 1191 Longchamp was isolated in the Tower of London with John in control of the city of London, thanks to promises John had made to the citizens in return for recognition as Richard's heir presumptive. At this point Walter of Coutances, the Archbishop of Rouen, returned to England, having been sent by Richard to restore order. John's position was undermined by Walter's relative popularity and by the news that Richard had married whilst in Cyprus, which presented the possibility that Richard would have legitimate children and heirs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Arab\u2013Byzantine wars", "paragraph_text": "After his victory in the civil war, Muawiyah launched a series of attacks against Byzantine holdings in Africa, Sicily and the East. By 670, the Muslim fleet had penetrated into the Sea of Marmara and stayed at Cyzicus during the winter. Four years later, a massive Muslim fleet reappeared in the Marmara and re-established a base at Cyzicus, from there they raided the Byzantine coasts almost at will. Finally in 676, Muawiyah sent an army to invest Constantinople from land as well, beginning the First Arab Siege of the city. Constantine IV (r. 661\u2013685) however used a devastating new weapon that came to be known as \"Greek fire\", invented by a Christian refugee from Syria named Kallinikos of Heliopolis, to decisively defeat the attacking Umayyad navy in the Sea of Marmara, resulting in the lifting of the siege in 678. The returning Muslim fleet suffered further losses due to storms, while the army lost many men to the thematic armies who attacked them on their route back.Among those killed in the siege was Eyup, the standard bearer of Muhammed and the last of his companions; to Muslims today, his tomb is considered one of the holiest sites in Istanbul. The Byzantine victory over the invading Umayyads halted the Islamic expansion into Europe for almost thirty years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Delta Air Lines fleet", "paragraph_text": "As of 28 February 2018, the Delta Air Lines mainline fleet comprises 855 aircraft in service, making it one of the largest airline fleets in the world. Before merging with Northwest Airlines in 2009, Delta Air Lines operated an all - Boeing and McDonnell Douglas fleet; it incorporated Northwest's Airbus aircraft into its fleet following the merger and subsequently ordered further Airbus types. Delta is known for its policy of generally buying older generation or used aircraft and for continuing to fly aircraft for 20 - 30 years, much longer than most other major airlines. As such, it has one of the oldest fleets of any American airline, with an average fleet age of 17 years as of 2017. Fellow U.S. legacy carriers American Airlines and United Airlines have younger fleets; as of December 29, 2016, American had an average fleet age of 10.3 years, while United had an average fleet age of 14.1 years..", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Tropical cyclone effects in Europe", "paragraph_text": "November 10 - 11, 2017 -- The remnants of Tropical Storm Rina hit the United Kingdom and Ireland on the night of November 10 and into the following day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Action of 26 July 1566", "paragraph_text": "The battle that took place on 26 July 1566 during the Northern Seven Years' War and was a slight victory for a Swedish fleet over a combined Danish and L\u00fcbecker fleet. It began just east of \u00d6land and the Allied fleet eventually retreated toward Gotland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Chodhyam", "paragraph_text": "Chodhyam is an unreleased Malayalam-language Indian feature film directed by G. S. Vijayan, starring Mohanlal, Rahman and Rupini in lead roles. The film was made in the year 1990. The film is the remake of Tamil hit \"Puriyaadha Pudhir\".", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When did a storm disperse the fleet led by the English king who trusted William de Longchamp?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 159741, "question": "Who's trust did Longchamp retain?", "answer": "Richard", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 40169, "question": "What year did the storm hit #1 's fleet?", "answer": "1191", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "1191", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2369}
{"id": "2hop__88906_55840", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Civil disobedience", "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The King's Speech", "paragraph_text": "The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "King James Version", "paragraph_text": "In May 1601, King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Raymond M\u00e1rquez", "paragraph_text": "Raymond M\u00e1rquez (born 1930), a.k.a. \"Spanish Raymond\" was the \"king\" of the illegal numbers racket in Harlem from the 1950s until his retirement in 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sacramento Kings", "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Taylor King", "paragraph_text": "Taylor King (born May 30, 1988) is an American retired professional basketball player. King played for the Villanova University Wildcats, where he played the forward position. King attended Mater Dei High School of Santa Ana, where he enjoyed a successful high school basketball career, posting the third highest career point total in California high school history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lascelles Principles", "paragraph_text": "During public discussion of the King's potential response to the outcome of the 1950 general election, which returned a very slim Labour Party majority in the House of Commons, the Lascelles Principles were formally stated in a letter by Sir Alan Lascelles, Private Secretary to King George VI, under the pseudonym \"Senex\" to the Editor of \"The Times\", published on 2 May 1950:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "George VI", "paragraph_text": "George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 -- 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Oriel College, Oxford", "paragraph_text": "Oriel College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. Located in Oriel Square, the college has the distinction of being the oldest royal foundation in Oxford (a title formerly claimed by University College, whose claim of being founded by King Alfred is no longer promoted). In recognition of this royal connection, the college has also been known as King's College and King's Hall. The reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (since 1952, Elizabeth II) is the official Visitor of the College.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dwight King", "paragraph_text": "Dwight King (born July 5, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who is currently playing for the Graz 99ers of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Los Angeles Kings and the Montreal Canadiens. He was a member of the Kings' Stanley Cup championship teams in 2012 and in 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "\u00c6thelfl\u00e6d of Damerham", "paragraph_text": "\u00c6thelfl\u00e6d, known as \u00c6thelfl\u00e6d of Damerham to distinguish her from other women of the same name, was the second wife of King Edmund I of England.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Edward II (play)", "paragraph_text": "Edward II is a Renaissance or Early Modern period play written by Christopher Marlowe. It is one of the earliest English history plays. The full title of the first publication is The Troublesome Reign and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England, with the Tragical Fall of Proud Mortimer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Goi of Baekje", "paragraph_text": "He was the second son of the 4th king Gaeru and younger brother of the 5th king Chogo. Upon the death of the 6th king Gusu, Gusu's eldest son Saban became king, but proved to be too young to rule. Goi dethroned Saban and became king. The \"Samguk Sagi\" records that \"\"King Chogo's younger brother, who had the same mother, became king.\"\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "King James Version", "paragraph_text": "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester", "paragraph_text": "Eleanor of England (also called Eleanor Plantagenet and Eleanor of Leicester) (1215 \u2013 13 April 1275) was the youngest child of John, King of England and Isabella of Angoul\u00eame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "List of English monarchs", "paragraph_text": "This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York", "paragraph_text": "Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York KG (born 17 August 1473), was the sixth child and second son of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville, born in Shrewsbury. Richard and his older brother, who briefly reigned as King Edward V of England, mysteriously disappeared shortly after Richard III became king in 1483.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Gunhilde", "paragraph_text": "Gunhilde (or Gunnhild) (died 13 November 1002) is said to have been the sister of Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark, and the daughter of Harald Bluetooth. She was married to Pallig, a Dane who served the King of England, \u00c6thelred the Unready, as ealdorman of Devonshire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Poor People's Campaign", "paragraph_text": "The SCLC announced the campaign on December 4, 1967. King delivered a speech which identified ``a kind of social insanity which could lead to national ruin. ''In January 1968, the SCLC created and distributed an`` Economic Fact Sheet'' with statistics explaining why the campaign was necessary. King avoided providing specific details about the campaign and attempted to redirect media attention to the values at stake. The Poor People's Campaign held firm to the movement's commitment to non-violence. ``We are custodians of the philosophy of non-violence, ''said King at a press conference.`` And it has worked''. King originally wanted the Poor People's Campaign to start in Quitman County, Mississippi because of the intense and visible economic disparity there.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "August Rush", "paragraph_text": "Except for ``Dueling Guitars '', all of August's guitar pieces were played by American guitarist - composer Kaki King. King's hands are used in close - ups for August Rush.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In the King's Speech, who played the person who was the King of England in 1950?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 88906, "question": "who was the king of england in 1950", "answer": "George VI", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 55840, "question": "who played king #1 in the king's speech", "answer": "Colin Firth", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "Colin Firth", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1607}
{"id": "2hop__71755_463572", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "K. B. Blues", "paragraph_text": "K. B. Blues is an album by guitarist Kenny Burrell recorded in 1957 and originally released on the Japanese Blue Note label in 1979. The tracks were reissued on CD as part of \"\" but incorrectly identified as being recorded in 1956.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid", "paragraph_text": "Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid is the debut studio album by the American rock band Collective Soul. It was originally released on an indie label in Atlanta called Rising Storm Records in 1993. The track \"Shine\" gained the band attention thanks to college radio. They later signed on with Atlantic Records and the album was released on CD in 1994 under the Atlantic label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chris LeDoux discography", "paragraph_text": "Chris LeDoux was a rodeo cowboy who sang and recorded songs in his spare time and sold his albums from the back of his truck. With his father, he started his own record label, American Cowboy Songs, in 1970. Under that label he released 22 albums between 1971 and 1990. After gaining recognition from the 1989 Garth Brooks song, \"Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)\" he was signed to Liberty Records, where he released 4 studio albums in four years. He released 6 more albums including a live album under Capitol Records. \"Horsepower\" in 2003 was his last studio album before his death in 2005. Nine official compilation albums have been released between 1994 and 2008. \"20 Greatest Hits\" has been certified platinum by the RIAA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Meydan Mosque, Kashan", "paragraph_text": "The Meydan mosque is a historical mosque in Kashan, Iran. It is located in the southern side of the \"Sang-e Ghadimi square\" and beside the Bazaar of Kashan. It is one of the oldest structures in Kashan. The primary structure belonged possibly to the seljuq era, but it was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasions. Later it was rebuilt and repaired by \"Khaje Emad ed-Din\". A quotation for this matter is an inscription in the old mihrab, in which it is mentioned that it is built in 623 Hijri (1226 AD) by \"Hassan ebn-e Arabschah\" in Kashan. The mihrab was in its original place until the last century, but it is kept now in the Museum of Islamic art in Berlin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "At the Village Vanguard", "paragraph_text": "At the Village Vanguard (subtitled You Took the Words Right Out of My Heart) is a live album by jazz drummer Paul Motian recorded at the Village Vanguard and originally released on the German JMT label. Recorded in 1995 it features performances by Motian with Bill Frisell and Joe Lovano. The album was rereleased on the Winter & Winter label in 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tigers Jaw", "paragraph_text": "Tigers Jaw is an American rock band from Scranton, Pennsylvania, formed in 2005. Their first album, \"Belongs to the Dead\", was released in 2006. They released a 7\" single, \"Spirit Desire\", in 2009, on Tiny Engines. They released two more albums before announcing a hiatus in March 2013; however, their record label Run for Cover Records announced in August 2013 that the band's breakup was not official. Their fourth album, \"Charmer\", came out in June 2014, and their fifth, \"Spin\", in 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ellington Is Forever Volume Two", "paragraph_text": "Ellington Is Forever Volume Two is an album by guitarist Kenny Burrell featuring compositions associated with Duke Ellington recorded in 1975 and released on the Fantasy Records label. Originally released as a double album set in 1977 it was rereleased on CD in 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jesus Egg That Wept", "paragraph_text": "Jesus Egg That Wept is the second solo album by Danielle Dax, an English experimental musician and former member of The Lemon Kittens. It was originally recorded and released in 1984 on the Awesome Records label. The album was re-released in 1993 on the Biter Of Thorpe label (BOT131-02CD) and distributed through World Serpent Distribution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Groovin' with Golson", "paragraph_text": "Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rub It In", "paragraph_text": "``Rub It In ''is a song written and originally recorded by Layng Martine Jr., and credited as Layng Martine. His version, released on the Barnaby Records label, was produced by Ray Stevens and was a chart single in 1971.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "I Belong to Me", "paragraph_text": "\"I Belong to Me\" is a song by American recording artist Jessica Simpson from her fifth studio album, \"A Public Affair\". The song was written by Diane Warren and produced by Stargate. It was released on September 26, 2006 by Epic Records, as the second single from the album. Originally the song was not included in the standard version of the album, but was released in a version of Walmart as a bonus track. The lyrics of \"I Belong to Me\" is constructed in verse-chorus format and focuses on the dissatisfaction of love.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "You Belong to Me (1952 song)", "paragraph_text": "The first 1952 recording of the song was by Joni James. She had seen the sheet music in the Woods Building in Chicago and the lyrics attracted her. She recorded the song in February, 1952, in Chicago and it was released in March on the local Sharp Records label. After she signed to MGM, it was reissued as her second single on that label on August 5, 1952, after Jo Stafford, Patti Page and Dean Martin had covered it. James' version also was issued on M-G-M Records for national distribution. The best - known early 1952 version of the song was recorded after James' recording by Sue Thompson on Mercury's country label as catalog number 6407. It was soon covered by Patti Page, whose version was issued by Mercury as catalog number 5899, with ``I Went to Your Wedding ''(a bigger Patti Page hit, reaching No 1) on the flip side. It entered the Billboard chart on August 22, 1952, and lasted 12 weeks on the chart, peaking at No. 4.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Real Thing (Dizzy Gillespie album)", "paragraph_text": "The Real Thing is an album by American jazz trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie featuring James Moody recorded in 1969 and originally released on the Perception label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Let There Be Love (1953 Joni James album)", "paragraph_text": "Let There Be Love is Joni James debut album, recorded in 1953 and released by MGM Records at the end of the year. It was released in a four-disc 10-inch 78-rpm record box, in both a two-disc 7-inch 45-rpm extended-play foldout album and a four-disc 45-rpm regular-play box and on a 10-inch 33\u2153-rpm album. The serial number, 222, coincidentally included James's lucky number, \"22,\" which appeared in many of her record serial numbers all over the world.br", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Some Other Spring", "paragraph_text": "Some Other Spring is an album by Norwegian vocalist Karin Krog with American saxophonist Dexter Gordon recorded in Norway in 1970 and originally released on the Sonet label in Europe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Pacific Sun (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Pacific Sun\" is a song originally written and recorded by Force & Styles featuring Junior. It was originally released on white label in 1997 and appeared on their greatest hits album \"Heart of Gold\" (2000). The song has also been covered numerous times with other versions recorded by Flip & Fill featuring Junior, Ultrabeat and Darren Styles", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Broadway Album", "paragraph_text": "The Broadway Album is the twenty-fourth studio album by director, composer, actress and singer Barbra Streisand, released by Columbia Records on November 5, 1985. Consisting mainly of classic show tunes, the album marked a major shift in Streisand's career. She had spent ten years appearing in musicals and singing standards on her albums in the 1960s. Beginning with the album \"Stoney End\" in 1971 and ending with the album \"Emotion\" in 1984, Streisand sang mostly rock, pop, folk, and disco-oriented songs for Columbia records. Noted Broadway composer Stephen Sondheim personally penned additional lyrics for the songs \"Putting It Together\" and \"Send in the Clowns\" on request of the singer. The album, originally released on the Columbia label and subsequently re-released by Columbia and Sony Records, was a critical and commercial success. First certified gold by the RIAA on January 13, 1986, it reached four times platinum on January 31, 1995.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Biltmore Records", "paragraph_text": "Biltmore Records was a United States based record label active from 1949 through 1951. The label was headquartered in New York City. Biltmore Records were often reissues of recordings no longer in the catalogues of other labels. When RCA Victor found out that Biltmore were making unauthorized reissues of material originally recorded by Victor, they sued Biltmore, putting Biltmore out of business.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Counterpoint for Six Valves", "paragraph_text": "Counterpoint for Six Valves is an album by American jazz trumpeters Don Elliott and Rusty Dedrick which was recorded in 1955 for the Riverside label. The album features six tracks that were originally recorded in 1955 and released as the 10-inch LP, Six Valves along with four additional tracks from 1956. This album was also reissued on the Jazzland label as Double Trumpet Doings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Benny Golson's New York Scene", "paragraph_text": "Benny Golson's New York Scene is the debut album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in late 1957 and originally released on the Contemporary label.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the record label for the singer who originally sang You Belong To Me.", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 71755, "question": "who sang the original you belong to me", "answer": "Joni James", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 463572, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "MGM Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "MGM Records", "answer_aliases": ["MGM"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1840}
{"id": "2hop__67956_463572", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Giannis Poulopoulos", "paragraph_text": "Poulopoulos sang regularly in a music hall in Plaka. He recorded four or five 45rpm disks for Columbia Records, which are now difficult to find as he soon agreed to record for Lyra, for whom he recorded three songs by Mikis Theodorakis. In 1965 he was the first performer of four songs written by Manos Lo\u00efzos. Around the same time he also had a successful hit with \"Mi mu thymonis matia mou\" (Don't be angry with me, my love) composed by Stavros Koujioumtzis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Chris LeDoux discography", "paragraph_text": "Chris LeDoux was a rodeo cowboy who sang and recorded songs in his spare time and sold his albums from the back of his truck. With his father, he started his own record label, American Cowboy Songs, in 1970. Under that label he released 22 albums between 1971 and 1990. After gaining recognition from the 1989 Garth Brooks song, \"Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)\" he was signed to Liberty Records, where he released 4 studio albums in four years. He released 6 more albums including a live album under Capitol Records. \"Horsepower\" in 2003 was his last studio album before his death in 2005. Nine official compilation albums have been released between 1994 and 2008. \"20 Greatest Hits\" has been certified platinum by the RIAA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)", "paragraph_text": "``I Can Only Imagine ''(sometimes shortened to`` Imagine'') is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard, the song, based around a main piano track, was inspired by the death of Millard's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God. The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe's 1999 album The Worship Project, which was released on an independent record label. The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major - label debut album Almost There as the fifth song on the album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Broadway Album", "paragraph_text": "The Broadway Album is the twenty-fourth studio album by director, composer, actress and singer Barbra Streisand, released by Columbia Records on November 5, 1985. Consisting mainly of classic show tunes, the album marked a major shift in Streisand's career. She had spent ten years appearing in musicals and singing standards on her albums in the 1960s. Beginning with the album \"Stoney End\" in 1971 and ending with the album \"Emotion\" in 1984, Streisand sang mostly rock, pop, folk, and disco-oriented songs for Columbia records. Noted Broadway composer Stephen Sondheim personally penned additional lyrics for the songs \"Putting It Together\" and \"Send in the Clowns\" on request of the singer. The album, originally released on the Columbia label and subsequently re-released by Columbia and Sony Records, was a critical and commercial success. First certified gold by the RIAA on January 13, 1986, it reached four times platinum on January 31, 1995.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)", "paragraph_text": "``I Can Only Imagine ''(sometimes shortened to`` Imagine'') is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by Bart Millard, the song, based around a main piano track, was inspired by the death of Millard's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God. The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe's 1999 album The Worship Project, which was released on an independent record label. The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major - label debut album Almost There as the fifth song on the album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "I Belong to Me", "paragraph_text": "\"I Belong to Me\" is a song by American recording artist Jessica Simpson from her fifth studio album, \"A Public Affair\". The song was written by Diane Warren and produced by Stargate. It was released on September 26, 2006 by Epic Records, as the second single from the album. Originally the song was not included in the standard version of the album, but was released in a version of Walmart as a bonus track. The lyrics of \"I Belong to Me\" is constructed in verse-chorus format and focuses on the dissatisfaction of love.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Rub It In", "paragraph_text": "``Rub It In ''is a song written and originally recorded by Layng Martine Jr., and credited as Layng Martine. His version, released on the Barnaby Records label, was produced by Ray Stevens and was a chart single in 1971.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "I Sang Dixie", "paragraph_text": "\"I Sang Dixie\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Dwight Yoakam. It was released in October 1988 as the second single from his album \"Buenas Noches from a Lonely Room\". In 1989, \"I Sang Dixie\" went to number one on the US Country chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Wake Me When It's Over (Willie Nelson song)", "paragraph_text": "``Wake Me When It's Over ''is a song written by country music singer Willie Nelson. After being signed as a recording artist to Liberty Records in 1961, the song was recorded during his second session with the label in September 1961 at Radio Recorders. Selected as the A-side of one of the promotional singles, the song failed to chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Petticoat Junction", "paragraph_text": "Curt Massey sang the Petticoat Junction theme song. The song was composed by Massey and Paul Henning. Flatt and Scruggs recorded a version of the song ``Petticoat Junction ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "You Belong to Me (1952 song)", "paragraph_text": "The first 1952 recording of the song was by Joni James. She had seen the sheet music in the Woods Building in Chicago and the lyrics attracted her. She recorded the song in February, 1952, in Chicago and it was released in March on the local Sharp Records label as her second single on August 5, 1952, after Jo Stafford, Patti Page and Dean Martin had covered it. James' version also was issued on M-G-M Records for national distribution. The best - known early 1952 version of the song was recorded after James' recording by Sue Thompson on Mercury's country label as catalog number 6407. It was soon covered by Patti Page, whose version was issued by Mercury as catalog number 5899, with ``I Went to Your Wedding ''(a bigger Patti Page hit, reaching No 1) on the flip side. It entered the Billboard chart on August 22, 1952, and lasted 12 weeks on the chart, peaking at No. 4.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Love Sign", "paragraph_text": "\"Love Sign\" is a song by American musician Prince, from the \"1-800-NEW-FUNK\" compilation album released by his independent record label NPG Records in 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Unchained Melody", "paragraph_text": "``Unchained Melody ''is a 1955 song with music by Alex North and lyrics by Hy Zaret. North used the music as a theme for the little - known prison film Unchained (1955), hence the song title. Todd Duncan sang the vocals for the film soundtrack. It has since become a standard and one of the most recorded songs of the 20th century, most notably by the Righteous Brothers. According to the song's publishing administrator, over 1,500 recordings of`` Unchained Melody'' have been made by more than 670 artists, in multiple languages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Up Where We Belong", "paragraph_text": "``Up Where We Belong ''is a song written by Jack Nitzsche, Buffy Sainte - Marie and Will Jennings that was recorded by Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes for the 1982 film An Officer and a Gentleman. It reached record stores in July of that year to coincide with the release of the film. The song is about the belief that love can withstand the struggles of a relationship and make it stronger.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face", "paragraph_text": "``The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face ''is a 1957 folk song written by British political singer / songwriter Ewan MacColl for Peggy Seeger, who later became his wife, to sing. At the time, the couple were lovers, although MacColl was married to someone else. Seeger sang the song when the duo performed in folk clubs around Britain. During the 1960s, it was recorded by various folk singers and became a major international hit for Roberta Flack in 1972, winning the Grammy Awards for Record and Song of the Year. Billboard ranked it as the No. 1 song of the year for 1972.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Billy Joel", "paragraph_text": "On December 11, 2008, Joel recorded his own rendition of \"Christmas in Fallujah\" during a concert at Acer Arena in Sydney and released it as a live single in Australia only. It is the only official release of Joel performing \"Christmas in Fallujah\", as Cass Dillon sang on the 2007 studio recording and the handful of times the song was played live in 2007. Joel sang the song throughout his December 2008 tour of Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Let There Be Love (1953 Joni James album)", "paragraph_text": "Let There Be Love is Joni James debut album, recorded in 1953 and released by MGM Records at the end of the year. It was released in a four-disc 10-inch 78-rpm record box, in both a two-disc 7-inch 45-rpm extended-play foldout album and a four-disc 45-rpm regular-play box and on a 10-inch 33\u2153-rpm album. The serial number, 222, coincidentally included James's lucky number, \"22,\" which appeared in many of her record serial numbers all over the world.br", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Both Sides, Now", "paragraph_text": "``Both Sides, Now ''is a song by Joni Mitchell, and one of her best - known songs. First recorded by Judy Collins in 1967, Collins' version was a top - ten hit on the U.S. singles chart during the fall of 1968. It subsequently appeared on Mitchell's 1969 album Clouds. Mitchell re-recorded the song in a lush, orchestrated fashion for her 2000 album Both Sides Now. In April 2000, Mitchell sang the song with a 70 - piece orchestra at the end of an all - star celebration for her at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "In the Heat of the Night (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The theme song, ``In the Heat of the Night, ''was recorded by Quincy Jones, and is usually paired with`` They Call Me Mr. Tibbs'' on albums. Bill Champlin of the band Chicago sang the opening theme song for the television series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Will the Circle Be Unbroken?", "paragraph_text": "``Will the Circle Be Unbroken? ''is a popular Christian hymn written in 1907 by Ada R. Habershon with music by Charles H. Gabriel. The song is often recorded unattributed and, because of its age, has lapsed into the public domain. Most of the chorus appears in the later songs`` Can the Circle Be Unbroken'' and ``Daddy Sang Bass ''.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What record label does the artist who sang you belong to me belong to?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 67956, "question": "who sang the song you belong to me", "answer": "Joni James", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 463572, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "MGM Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "MGM Records", "answer_aliases": ["MGM"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2108}
{"id": "2hop__398344_85513", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Dauphin (Star Trek: The Next Generation)", "paragraph_text": "``The Dauphin ''is the tenth episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 36th episode overall. It was originally released on February 20, 1989 in broadcast syndication.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Full Bars", "paragraph_text": "\"Full Bars\" is the second episode of the third season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 24th episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Boohwan Lim and Kyounghee Lim. The episode premiered on October 7, 2012, in the United States on Fox. This marks the series first Halloween episode.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Man in the High Castle (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Premiering in January 2015, the pilot was Amazon's ``most - watched since the original series development program began. ''The next month Amazon ordered episodes to fill out a ten - episode season, which was released in November, to positive reviews. A second season of ten episodes premiered in December 2016, with a third season announced a few weeks later to be released in 2018.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Friday (franchise)", "paragraph_text": "Three films have been released. The first film, Friday, released in 1995, was a surprise hit and garnered a cult following. The film's success led it to receiving two sequels, Next Friday and Friday After Next, both released in 2000 and 2002 respectively. A short - lived animated series based on the films debuted in 2007 on MTV2 and lasted 8 episodes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Sopranos (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series \"The Sopranos\" was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu-ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 23, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Silicon Avatar", "paragraph_text": "``Silicon Avatar ''is the 104th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. The fourth episode of the fifth season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List of Doc Martin episodes", "paragraph_text": "Doc Martin is a British comedy - drama that has aired on ITV since 2004, with a first season of six episodes. The episode number for the second series increased to eight. This was followed by a special bonus TV film and a third series of seven episodes. The next four series aired eight episodes each. Therefore, 54 episodes (from the series plus the stand - alone TV Film) have aired so far.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Big Giant Swords", "paragraph_text": "Big Giant Swords is an American television series that premiered on January 13, 2015 on the Discovery Channel. The program follows sword maker Michael \"Irish Mike\" Craughwell as he and his associates create custom oversized swords from scratch for his clients. Episodes focus on the creation process of one or two commissioned weapons as the team attempts to complete them to the customer's satisfaction in a set time period.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Doctor Who (series 10)", "paragraph_text": "Doctor Who (series 10) DVD box set cover art Starring Peter Capaldi Pearl Mackie Matt Lucas Country of origin United Kingdom No. of stories 11 No. of episodes 12 (+ 1 supplemental) Release Original network BBC One Original release 15 April (2017 - 04 - 15) -- 1 July 2017 (2017 - 07 - 01) Series chronology \u2190 Previous Series 9 Next \u2192 Series 11 List of Doctor Who episodes (2005 -- present)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Australia's Next Top Model (season 8)", "paragraph_text": "Australia's Next Top Model (cycle 8) Cycle 8 contestants Country of origin Australia No. of episodes 12 Release Original network Fox8 Original release 9 July (2013 - 07 - 09) -- 24 September 2013 (2013 - 09 - 24) Additional information Judges Jennifer Hawkins Alex Perry Charlotte Dawson Didier Cohen No. of contestants 15 Winner Melissa Juratowitch Cycle chronology \u2190 Previous Cycle 7 Next \u2192 Cycle 9 Series summary", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Steven the Sword Fighter", "paragraph_text": "\"Steven the Sword Fighter\" is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American animated television series \"Steven Universe\". It is written by Joe Johnston and Jeff Liu.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Dr. Yap", "paragraph_text": "\"Dr. Yap\" is the sixth episode of the second season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 19th episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Anthony Chun. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 29, 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Kids Rob a Train", "paragraph_text": "\"The Kids Rob a Train\" is the 15th episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 60th episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Boohwan Lim and Kyounghee Lim. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 30, 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Next Caller (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Next Caller is an unaired American television comedy series that was scheduled to premiere mid-season on NBC as part of the 2012\u201313 television schedule. The network placed a series order in May 2012. Season one was set to feature seven half-hour episodes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Fire Emblem", "paragraph_text": "No games in the series were released outside of Japan until two characters, Marth and Roy, were included as playable characters in the 2001 fighting game Super Smash Bros. Melee. Their popularity eventually convinced Nintendo to release the next game, The Blazing Sword, in Western regions under the title Fire Emblem in 2003. Many games in the series have sold well, despite a decline during the 2000s which resulted in the series' near - cancellation. Individual entries have generally been praised, and the series as a whole has been lauded for its gameplay, and it is cited as a seminal series in the tactical role - playing genre. Characters from multiple games have also been included in crossovers with other franchises.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Super Gem Fighter Mini Mix", "paragraph_text": "Super Gem Fighter Mini Mix, released in Japan as , is a Japanese children's fighting video game released by Capcom in 1997 for the CPS II arcade system. It was ported to the PlayStation (which retained the \"Pocket Fighter\" title for its American and European release), Sega Saturn, and WonderSwan (in Japan only), as well as PlayStation 2 as a part of the \"SFA\"-themed compilation title, \"Street Fighter Alpha Anthology\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Sopranos (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series The Sopranos was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu - ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu - ray on October 23, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Super Chinese Fighter EX", "paragraph_text": "Super Chinese Fighter EX is a fighting video game for the Game Boy Color released by Culture Brain in 1999. It is part of the \"Super Chinese\" series and is the final \"Fighter\" game in the series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "List of Steven Universe episodes", "paragraph_text": "153 25 ``Legs From Here to Homeworld ''Kat Morris (supervising), Liz Artinian (art) Amber Cragg, Hilary Florido and Tom Herpich 2018 (2018) TBA TBD", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The Kids Run the Restaurant", "paragraph_text": "\"The Kids Run the Restaurant\" is the 20th episode of the third season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 42nd episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Boohwan Lim and Kyounghee Lim. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 21, 2013.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When is the next episode of the series that Steven the Sword Fighter is a part of being released?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 398344, "question": "Steven the Sword Fighter >> part of the series", "answer": "Steven Universe", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 85513, "question": "when is the next #1 episode being released", "answer": "TBD", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "TBD", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1531}
{"id": "2hop__42578_55840", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "George VI", "paragraph_text": "George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 -- 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Queen's Official Birthday", "paragraph_text": "The sovereign's birthday was first officially marked in the United Kingdom in 1748, for King George II. Since then, the date of the king or queen's birthday has been determined throughout the British Empire, and later the Commonwealth of Nations, according to either different royal proclamations issued by the sovereign or governor or by statute laws passed by the local parliament. The date of the celebration today varies as adopted by each country and is generally set around the end of May or start of June, to coincide with a higher probability of fine weather in the Northern Hemisphere for outdoor ceremonies, rather than with the monarch's actual birthday, that of the present monarch being 21 April. In some cases, it is an official public holiday, sometimes aligning with the celebration of other events. Most Commonwealth realms release a Queen's Birthday Honours list at this time.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Prisoner of Zenda", "paragraph_text": "The Prisoner of Zenda (1894), by Anthony Hope, is an adventure novel in which the King of Ruritania is drugged on the eve of his coronation and thus is unable to attend the ceremony. Political forces within the realm are such that, in order for the king to retain the crown, his coronation must proceed. Fortuitously, an English gentleman on holiday in Ruritania who resembles the monarch is persuaded to act as his political decoy in an effort to save the unstable political situation of the interregnum.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dongmyeong of Goguryeo", "paragraph_text": "King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (58 BCE \u2013 19 BCE, r. 37 BCE \u2013 19 BCE) or Dongmyeongseongwang (), which literally means Holy King of the East, also known by his birth name Jumong (), was the founding monarch of the kingdom of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the Gwanggaeto Stele, he is called Chumo-wang (King Chumo). In the \"Samguk Sagi\" and the \"Samgungnyusa\", he is recorded as Jumong with the surname Go (Hanja: \u9ad8). The \"Samguk Sagi\" states that he was also known as Chumo or Sanghae (). The name is also transcribed in other records as Chumong (), Jungmo ( or ), or Domo ().", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Battle of Towton", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Towton was fought on 29 March 1461 during the English Wars of the Roses, near the village of Towton in Yorkshire. A culminating battle in the dynastic struggles between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of the English throne, the engagement ended in an overwhelming victory for the Yorkists. It brought about a change of monarchs in England, with the victor, the Yorkist Edward IV having displaced the Lancastrian Henry VI (on the throne since 1422) as king, and thus driving the head of the Lancastrians and his key supporters out of the country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Civil disobedience", "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Veera Ballala II", "paragraph_text": "Veera Ballala II () (r. 1173\u20131220 CE) was the most notable monarch of the Hoysala Empire. His successes against the Yadavas of Devagiri, the Southern Kalachuris, the Pandyas of Madurai and the waning Western Chalukya Empire, and his domination over the diminishing Cholas of Tanjore took the Hoysalas to their peak of power. The historian Chaurasia claims by the end of the 12th century, Ballala\u00a0II's conquests had made the Hoysalas the most powerful dynasty of the Deccan. According to historian Derrett, Ballala II was \"the most outstanding among Hoysala kings\", and historian William Coelho in comparing Ballala\u00a0II to King Vishnuvardhana writes, \"he vied in glory with his grandfather\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The King's Speech", "paragraph_text": "The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of English monarchs", "paragraph_text": "This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Oriel College, Oxford", "paragraph_text": "Oriel College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. Located in Oriel Square, the college has the distinction of being the oldest royal foundation in Oxford (a title formerly claimed by University College, whose claim of being founded by King Alfred is no longer promoted). In recognition of this royal connection, the college has also been known as King's College and King's Hall. The reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (since 1952, Elizabeth II) is the official Visitor of the College.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Eswatini", "paragraph_text": "Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982. At this point Sobhuza II had ruled Swaziland for 61 years, making him the longest ruling monarch in history. A regency followed his death, with Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe being head of state until 1984 when she was removed by Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother Ntfombi Tfwala. Mswati III, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as King and Ingwenyama of Swaziland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "H. Vernon Watson", "paragraph_text": "H. Vernon Watson (18861952), better known under his stage name Nosmo King, was a popular English variety artist. He was touring the music halls before World War I, but he remained relatively obscure until the 1920s, when he went by Nosmo King. He was the father of actor Jack Watson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "George VI", "paragraph_text": "In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States. From Ottawa, the royal couple were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. George was the first reigning monarch of Canada to visit North America, although he had been to Canada previously as Prince Albert and as Duke of York. Both Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Mackenzie King hoped that the King's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote \"the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality\" and George gave a speech emphasising \"the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Shakespeare's late romances", "paragraph_text": "Shakespeare's plays cannot be precisely dated, but it is generally agreed that these comedies followed a series of tragedies including \"Othello\", \"King Lear\" and \"Macbeth\". Shakespeare wrote tragedies because they were successful at the box office, but he returned to comedy towards the end of his career, mixing it with tragic and mystical elements. Shakespeare's late romances were also influenced by the development of tragicomedy and the extreme elaboration of the courtly masque as staged by Ben Jonson and Inigo Jones. The subjects and style of these plays were also influenced by the preference of the monarch, by Shakespeare's ageing company and by their more upper class audiences.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Shakespeare in performance", "paragraph_text": "Thousands (perhaps even millions) of performances of William Shakespeare's plays have been staged since the end of the 16th century. While Shakespeare was alive, many of his greatest plays were performed by the Lord Chamberlain's Men and King's Men acting companies at the Globe and Blackfriars Theatres. Among the actors of these original performances were Richard Burbage (who played the title role in the first performances of Hamlet, Othello, Richard III and King Lear), Richard Cowley, and William Kempe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Sultan bin Saud", "paragraph_text": "Sultan bin Saud bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud is the son of King Saud and the grandson of King Abdulaziz the first monarch of Saudi Arabia. His mother was Munirah Al Haboot Al Mutairi. He is the brother of Prince Abdulrahman bin Saud, the godfather of Al-Nasr, and the uncle of Prince Faisal bin Abdulrahman Al Saud and Mamdoh bin Abdulrahman bin Saud, two of Al-Nasr presidents.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Szlachta", "paragraph_text": "Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could become a Polish\u2013Lithuanian monarch. Every newly elected king was supposed to sign two documents\u2014the Pacta conventa (\"agreed pacts\")\u2014a confirmation of the king's pre-election promises, and Henrican articles (artyku\u0142y henrykowskie, named after the first freely elected king, Henry of Valois). The latter document served as a virtual Polish constitution and contained the basic laws of the Commonwealth:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Royal assent", "paragraph_text": "The government, consisting of the monarch and the ministers, will then usually approve the proposal and the sovereign and one of the ministers signs the proposal with the addition of an enacting clause, thereafter notifying the States General that \"The King assents to the proposal.\" It has happened in exceptional circumstances that the government does not approve a law that has been passed in parliament. In such a case, neither the monarch nor a minister will sign the bill, notifying the States General that \"The King will keep the proposal under advisement.\" A law that has received royal assent will be published in the State Magazine, with the original being kept in the archives of the King's Offices.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "John, King of England", "paragraph_text": "Henry the Young King fought a short war with his brother Richard in 1183 over the status of England, Normandy and Aquitaine. Henry II moved in support of Richard, and Henry the Young King died from dysentery at the end of the campaign. With his primary heir dead, Henry rearranged the plans for the succession: Richard was to be made King of England, albeit without any actual power until the death of his father; Geoffrey would retain Brittany; and John would now become the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard. Richard refused to give up Aquitaine; Henry II was furious and ordered John, with help from Geoffrey, to march south and retake the duchy by force. The two attacked the capital of Poitiers, and Richard responded by attacking Brittany. The war ended in stalemate and a tense family reconciliation in England at the end of 1184.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Bofu", "paragraph_text": "Bofu (?\u2013771 CE) (), sometimes referred to as Bopan (\u4f2f\u76d8), was the son of Chinese Zhou dynasty monarch King You of Zhou and his concubine Bao Si. After Baosi entered the royal palace, King You deposed Queen Shen (\u7533\u540e) and her son Crown Prince Yijiu, replacing them with Baosi and Bofu. King You and Bofu were both killed in 771 CE by Quanrong nomads at Mount Li near Xi'an in present-day Shaanxi. Another source says that Bofu lived and contended for the throne with Queen Shen's son, King Ping of Zhou.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who played the monarch at the end of WW2 in The King's Speech?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 42578, "question": "monarch at the end of world war 2", "answer": "George VI", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 55840, "question": "who played king #1 in the king's speech", "answer": "Colin Firth", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "Colin Firth", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2650}
{"id": "2hop__28203_55840", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale", "paragraph_text": "Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward; 8 January 1864 \u2013 14 January 1892), was the eldest child of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra) and grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria. From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne, but never became king because he died before his father and grandmother.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Aces Go Places (film series)", "paragraph_text": "The films star Sam Hui as King Kong, a master thief and martial arts expert who is aided by his bumbling sidekick, Detective Albert \"Baldy\" Au, portrayed by Karl Maka.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Taylor King", "paragraph_text": "Taylor King (born May 30, 1988) is an American retired professional basketball player. King played for the Villanova University Wildcats, where he played the forward position. King attended Mater Dei High School of Santa Ana, where he enjoyed a successful high school basketball career, posting the third highest career point total in California high school history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mayflower Compact", "paragraph_text": "In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, defender of the Faith, etc.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "George V", "paragraph_text": "George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 -- 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The King's Speech", "paragraph_text": "The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "George VI", "paragraph_text": "In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States. From Ottawa, the royal couple were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. George was the first reigning monarch of Canada to visit North America, although he had been to Canada previously as Prince Albert and as Duke of York. Both Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Mackenzie King hoped that the King's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote \"the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality\" and George gave a speech emphasising \"the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "George VI", "paragraph_text": "Albert assumed the regnal name \"George VI\" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as \"His Royal Highness Prince Edward\" for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including \"Royal Highness\". In settling the issue, George's first act as king was to confer upon his brother the title and style \"His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor\", but the Letters Patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles. George VI was also forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to George VI automatically. Three days after his accession, on his 41st birthday, he invested his wife, the new queen consort, with the Order of the Garter.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Evelyn Einstein", "paragraph_text": "Evelyn Einstein (28 March 1941 \u2013 13 April 2011) was the adopted daughter of Hans Albert Einstein, the son of Albert Einstein.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Boomhauer", "paragraph_text": "Jeffrey Dexter ``Jeff ''Boomhauer III, commonly referred to as Boomhauer, is a fictional character in the Fox animated series King of the Hill. The character is voiced by series creator Mike Judge, and is best known for his fast - paced voice and nearly incomprehensible speech.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Crimthann mac Fidaig", "paragraph_text": "Crimthann M\u00f3r, son of Fidach , also written Crimthand M\u00f3r, was a semi-mythological king of Munster and High King of Ireland of the 4th century. He gained territory in Britain and Gaul, but died poisoned by his sister Mongfind. It is possible that he was also recognised as king of Scotland or Alba. As his Gaelic name means fox, Crimthand M\u00f3r mac Fidaig becomes Great Fox, son of Woodsman (Fidach) in English. This Crimthann is to be distinguished from two previous High Kings of Ireland of the same name, two Kings of Leinster, and another King of Munster, among others. Importantly, he is included in the Baile Chuinn Ch\u00e9tchathaig (summary), and is thus the last High King of Ireland from Munster until Brian B\u00f3ruma, over six hundred years later.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Flag of England", "paragraph_text": "In 1188 Henry II of England and Philip II of France agreed to go on a crusade, and that Henry would use a white cross and Philip a red cross. 13th - century authorities are unanimous on the point that the English king adopted the white cross, and the French king the red one (and not vice versa as suggested by later use). It is not clear at what point the English exchanged the white cross for the red - on - white one.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Albert Order", "paragraph_text": "The Albert Order () was created on 31 December 1850 by King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony to commemorate Albert III, Duke of Saxony (known as Albert the Bold). It was to be awarded to anyone who had served the state well, for civil virtue, science and art.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Poor People's Campaign", "paragraph_text": "The SCLC announced the campaign on December 4, 1967. King delivered a speech which identified ``a kind of social insanity which could lead to national ruin. ''In January 1968, the SCLC created and distributed an`` Economic Fact Sheet'' with statistics explaining why the campaign was necessary. King avoided providing specific details about the campaign and attempted to redirect media attention to the values at stake. The Poor People's Campaign held firm to the movement's commitment to non-violence. ``We are custodians of the philosophy of non-violence, ''said King at a press conference.`` And it has worked''. King originally wanted the Poor People's Campaign to start in Quitman County, Mississippi because of the intense and visible economic disparity there.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Mount Clarence King", "paragraph_text": "Mount Clarence King, located in the Kings Canyon National Park, is named for Clarence King, who worked on the Whitney Survey, the first geological survey of California. King later became the first chief of the United States Geological Survey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Ashur-nirari V", "paragraph_text": "Ashur-nirari V was a son of Adad-nirari III, and preceded by his brother, Ashur-dan III. He inherited a difficult situation from his predecessor. The Assyrian rulership was severely limited by the influence of court dignitaries, particularly that of Shamshi-ilu, who was the commander-in-chief (turtanu). According to the eponym canon, for four years the king was compelled to stay \"in the land.\" It was customary for the Assyrian king to campaign every year, and such an indication usually meant the kingship had been seriously weakened. In his fourth and fifth regnal years, however, he campaigned to Namri (Namar). In 746 BC, a revolt broke out again, and in the following year the throne was seized by Tiglath-Pileser III, who may have been his brother or his son, or, alternatively, a usurper with no relationship to the previous royal house at all.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "August Rush", "paragraph_text": "Except for ``Dueling Guitars '', all of August's guitar pieces were played by American guitarist - composer Kaki King. King's hands are used in close - ups for August Rush.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Antoine Jacob", "paragraph_text": "Antoine Jacob was the son of Zacharie Jacob, who was the first to adopt Montfleury as a stage name and had achieved great fame as an actor and playwright himself. Both were associated with the H\u00f4tel de Bourgogne theatre troupe, an institution supported by King Louis XIV, and Antoine was to marry Marie-Marguerite de Soulas, daughter of the comedian Floridor in same troupe in 1665.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Civil disobedience", "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "William Banting", "paragraph_text": "In the early 19th century, the family business of William Banting of St. James\u2019s Street, London, was among the most eminent companies of funeral directors in Britain. As funeral directors to the Royal Household itself, the Banting family conducted the funerals of King George III in 1820, King George IV in 1830, the Duke of Gloucester in 1834, the Duke of Wellington in 1852, Prince Albert in 1861, Prince Leopold in 1884, Queen Victoria in 1901, and King Edward VII in 1910. The royal undertaking warrant for the Banting family eventually ended in 1928 with the retirement of William Westport Banting.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who played king whose regal Name did Albert Adopt in the king's speech?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 28203, "question": "What regnal name did Albert adopt?", "answer": "George VI", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 55840, "question": "who played king #1 in the king's speech", "answer": "Colin Firth", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Colin Firth", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2079}
{"id": "2hop__64323_55840", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Statute of Marlborough", "paragraph_text": "The Statute of Marlborough (52 Hen 3) was a set of laws passed by King Henry III of England in 1267.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sacramento Kings", "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "George VI", "paragraph_text": "George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 -- 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Stanley King", "paragraph_text": "Stanley King (May 11, 1883 \u2013 April 28, 1951) was the eleventh president of Amherst College. He held that position from 1932 to 1946.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester", "paragraph_text": "Eleanor of England (also called Eleanor Plantagenet and Eleanor of Leicester) (1215 \u2013 13 April 1275) was the youngest child of John, King of England and Isabella of Angoul\u00eame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gunhilde", "paragraph_text": "Gunhilde (or Gunnhild) (died 13 November 1002) is said to have been the sister of Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark, and the daughter of Harald Bluetooth. She was married to Pallig, a Dane who served the King of England, \u00c6thelred the Unready, as ealdorman of Devonshire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Goi of Baekje", "paragraph_text": "He was the second son of the 4th king Gaeru and younger brother of the 5th king Chogo. Upon the death of the 6th king Gusu, Gusu's eldest son Saban became king, but proved to be too young to rule. Goi dethroned Saban and became king. The \"Samguk Sagi\" records that \"\"King Chogo's younger brother, who had the same mother, became king.\"\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "King James Version", "paragraph_text": "In May 1601, King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Civil disobedience", "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "King James Version", "paragraph_text": "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "George VI", "paragraph_text": "The stress of the war had taken its toll on the King's health, exacerbated by his heavy smoking and subsequent development of lung cancer among other ailments, including arteriosclerosis and thromboangiitis obliterans. A planned tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed after the King suffered an arterial blockage in his right leg, which threatened the loss of the leg and was treated with a right lumbar sympathectomy in March 1949. His elder daughter Elizabeth, the heir presumptive, took on more royal duties as her father's health deteriorated. The delayed tour was re-organised, with Elizabeth and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, taking the place of the King and Queen. The King was well enough to open the Festival of Britain in May 1951, but on 23 September 1951, his left lung was removed by Clement Price Thomas after a malignant tumour was found. In October 1951, Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh went on a month-long tour of Canada; the trip had been delayed for a week due to the King's illness. At the State Opening of Parliament in November, the King's speech from the throne was read for him by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Simonds. His Christmas broadcast of 1951 was recorded in sections, and then edited together.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Sacramento Kings", "paragraph_text": "The Kings are one of the oldest continuously operating professional basketball franchises in the nation. They originated in Rochester, New York, as the Rochester Seagrams (a semi-professional team) in 1923 and joined the National Basketball League in 1945 as the Rochester Royals. They jumped to the Basketball Association of America, forerunner of the NBA, in 1948. As the Royals, the team was often successful on the court, winning the NBA championship in 1951. It, however, found it increasingly difficult to turn a profit in the comparatively small market of Rochester and relocated to Cincinnati in 1957, becoming the Cincinnati Royals. In 1972 the team relocated to Kansas City, Missouri, and was renamed the Kansas City - Omaha Kings because it initially split its home games between Kansas City and Omaha, Nebraska. In 1975, the Kings ceased playing home games in Omaha and simply became the Kansas City Kings. The team again failed to find success in its market and moved to Sacramento in 1985.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Poor People's Campaign", "paragraph_text": "The SCLC announced the campaign on December 4, 1967. King delivered a speech which identified ``a kind of social insanity which could lead to national ruin. ''In January 1968, the SCLC created and distributed an`` Economic Fact Sheet'' with statistics explaining why the campaign was necessary. King avoided providing specific details about the campaign and attempted to redirect media attention to the values at stake. The Poor People's Campaign held firm to the movement's commitment to non-violence. ``We are custodians of the philosophy of non-violence, ''said King at a press conference.`` And it has worked''. King originally wanted the Poor People's Campaign to start in Quitman County, Mississippi because of the intense and visible economic disparity there.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York", "paragraph_text": "Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York KG (born 17 August 1473), was the sixth child and second son of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville, born in Shrewsbury. Richard and his older brother, who briefly reigned as King Edward V of England, mysteriously disappeared shortly after Richard III became king in 1483.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Dwight King", "paragraph_text": "Dwight King (born July 5, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who is currently playing for the Graz 99ers of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Los Angeles Kings and the Montreal Canadiens. He was a member of the Kings' Stanley Cup championship teams in 2012 and in 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "List of English monarchs", "paragraph_text": "This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The King's Speech", "paragraph_text": "The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Taylor King", "paragraph_text": "Taylor King (born May 30, 1988) is an American retired professional basketball player. King played for the Villanova University Wildcats, where he played the forward position. King attended Mater Dei High School of Santa Ana, where he enjoyed a successful high school basketball career, posting the third highest career point total in California high school history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Len Kosmalski", "paragraph_text": "Leonard J. Kosmalski (born November 21, 1951) is a retired American basketball player. He played collegiately at the University of Tennessee and professionally for the National Basketball Association's Kansas City Kings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Edward II (play)", "paragraph_text": "Edward II is a Renaissance or Early Modern period play written by Christopher Marlowe. It is one of the earliest English history plays. The full title of the first publication is The Troublesome Reign and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England, with the Tragical Fall of Proud Mortimer.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who played the king that was king of england in 1951 in the king's speech?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 64323, "question": "who was the king of england in 1951", "answer": "George VI", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 55840, "question": "who played king #1 in the king's speech", "answer": "Colin Firth", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Colin Firth", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1865}
{"id": "2hop__85713_84469", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Thelma Hopkins (athlete)", "paragraph_text": "Thelma Elizabeth Hopkins (born 16 March 1936 in Kingston upon Hull) is a Northern Irish athlete, who competed in the high and the long jump.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Wiz (film)", "paragraph_text": "Diana Ross as Dorothy Michael Jackson as Scarecrow Nipsey Russell as Tin Man Ted Ross as Cowardly Lion Richard Pryor as Herman Smith / The Wiz Lena Horne as Glinda the Good Witch of the South Mabel King as Evillene / The Wicked Witch of the West Thelma Carpenter as Freida Winzer / Miss One Theresa Merritt as Shelby Gale / Aunt Em Stanley Greene as Uncle Henry Clinton Jackson as Green Footman # 1 Johnny Brown as Aunt Em's Party", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jean Grossholtz", "paragraph_text": "Thelma Jean Grossholtz (born April 17, 1929) \"Professor Emeritus of Politics and Women's Studies\" at Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Jean is a feminist-activist whose dedication and expertise on social justice issues\u2014poverty, water, food, and the effects of globalization, to name a few\u2014have made her a legend on the Mount Holyoke campus, in the Pioneer Valley of Massachusetts where she resides, and beyond.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise of Baden)", "paragraph_text": "Princess Louise came to Russia in November 1792, when she was chosen by Empress Catherine II of Russia as a bride for her eldest grandson, Grand Duke Alexander Pavlovich of Russia, the future Tsar Alexander I. Louise converted to the Orthodox Church, took the title of Grand Duchess of Russia and traded the name Louise Maria for Elizabeth Alexeievna. She married Alexander on 28 September 1793, when he was fifteen and she was fourteen. Initially the marriage was happy. Elizabeth was beautiful, but shy and withdrawn. She had two daughters, but both died in early childhood. During the reign of her father-in-law, Tsar Paul I, Elizabeth supported her husband's policies and she was with him on the night of Paul\u2019s assassination.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Big Little Lies (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Reese Witherspoon as Madeline Martha Mackenzie Nicole Kidman as Celeste Wright Shailene Woodley as Jane Chapman Alexander Skarsg\u00e5rd as Perry Wright, Celeste's husband Adam Scott as Ed Mackenzie, Madeline's husband Zo\u00eb Kravitz as Bonnie Carlson, Nathan's second wife James Tupper as Nathan Carlson, Madeline's ex-husband Jeffrey Nordling as Gordon Klein, Renata's husband Laura Dern as Renata Klein Kathryn Newton as Abigail Carlson (season 2, recurring season 1), Madeline's elder daughter Sarah Sokolovic as Tori Bachman (season 2, recurring season 1) Meryl Streep as Mary Louise Wright (season 2), Perry's mother Crystal Fox as Elizabeth Howard (season 2)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "A League of Their Own", "paragraph_text": "When World War II threatens to shut down Major League Baseball, candy magnate and Cubs owner Walter Harvey (Garry Marshall) persuades his fellow owners to bankroll a women's league. Ira Lowenstein (David Strathairn) is put in charge, and Ernie Capadino (Jon Lovitz) is sent out to recruit players. Capadino attends an industrial - league softball game in rural Oregon and likes what he sees in Dottie, the catcher for a local dairy's team. Dottie turns down Capadino's offer, happy with her simple farm life while waiting for her husband Bob (Bill Pullman) to come back from the war. Her sister and teammate, Kit (Lori Petty), however, is desperate to get away and make something of herself. Capadino is not impressed by Kit's hitting performance, but agrees to take her along if she can change Dottie's mind. Dottie agrees, but only for her sister's sake.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Proud and Profane", "paragraph_text": "The Proud and Profane is a 1956 dramatic war romance made by William Perlberg-George Seaton Productions for Paramount Pictures. It was directed by George Seaton and produced by William Perlberg, from a screenplay by George Seaton, based on the 1953 novel \"The Magnificent Bastards\" by Lucy Herndon Crockett. The film stars William Holden and Deborah Kerr with Thelma Ritter, Dewey Martin, William Redfield and Peter Hansen in supporting roles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "The recurring guest voices include Adam Carolla as Death, Patrick Stewart as Susie Swanson, Scott Grimes as Kevin Swanson and Sanaa Lathan as Donna Tubbs Brown. Previous recurring guests included Phyllis Diller in three episodes as Peter's Mother, Thelma, and Charles Durning as Peter's father, Francis. Both characters have since died, but Durning returned once to play Francis as a ghost. Early in the show's run, Fred Willard and Jane Lynch had a recurring role as a family of nudists. James Woods as James Woods.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Breakwater Cat", "paragraph_text": "Breakwater Cat is the tenth album by American singer Thelma Houston, released in 1980 on RCA Records. The 12\" single \"Suspicious Minds\" became a popular club hit. \"Breakwater Cat\" contains five songs written by Jimmy Webb, who was also the executive producer of the album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "That Certain Something", "paragraph_text": "That Certain Something is a 1941 Australian musical film directed by Clarence G. Badger and starring Megan Edwards and Thelma Grigg. The plot concerns an American film director who decides to make a musical in Australia. It was the last film directed by Badger, a noted silent era director.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Thelma, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Thelma is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. The community was originally known as Buskirk, after a local family. But, when the community received its first post office on June 5, 1905, it was renamed Thelma after the daughter of Warren Meek. Meek was a successful pioneer in the newspaper field in the Big Sandy Valley. B", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Pension Mimosas", "paragraph_text": "1924. Louise Noblet keeps a small hotel, the Pension Mimosas, on the C\u00f4te d'Azur in the south of France, with her husband Gaston who is also a supervisor in local casino. Many of their clientele are luckless gamblers hoping for success in the local casino. Childless themselves, Louise and Gaston have been bringing up the young Pierre while his father serves a prison sentence, but they are dismayed when the father is released early and comes to take back his son.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Thelma & Louise", "paragraph_text": "Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American road film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Callie Khouri. It stars Geena Davis as Thelma and Susan Sarandon as Louise, two friends who embark on a road trip with unforeseen consequences. The supporting cast include Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen, and Brad Pitt, whose career was launched by the film.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Jesse Stone: Lost in Paradise", "paragraph_text": "Tom Selleck as Jesse Stone Mackenzie Foy as Jenny Luke Perry as Richard, the ``Boston Ripper ''Leslie Hope as Lt. Sydney Greenstreet William Devane as Dr. Dix William Sadler as Gino Fish Amelia Rose Blaire as Charlotte / Amelia Hope Gloria Reuben as Thelma Gleffey Al Sapienza as Bruce Davies Tara Yelland as Mavis Davies Alex Carter as Detective Dan Leary Christine Tizzard as Amanda Kohl Sudduth as Luther`` Suitcase'' Simpson Kerri Smith as Sister Mary John Ned the Dog as Steve", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Where the Heart Is (2000 film)", "paragraph_text": "After... 17 - year - old and seven months pregnant Novalee Nation (Natalie Portman) is abandoned by boyfriend Willy Jack Pickens (Dylan Bruno) at the local Walmart in Sequoyah when she uses the restroom and buys new shoes, she meets Thelma ``Sister ''Husband (Stockard Channing) who presents her with a buckeye tree, and Moses Whitecotton (Keith David), a local photographer who advises her to give her baby a strong name. A sickly and homeless Novalee is forced to live in the Walmart, undetected. Novalee is also acquainted with surly librarian Forney Hull (James Frain) who looks after his alcoholic sister Mary Elizabeth (Margaret Hoard). During a thunderstorm Novalee, alone at Walmart, goes into labor. Forney, who is now in awe of Novalee, smashes through the Walmart window to help deliver her child whom she names Americus. Novalee instantly becomes a media darling, and in hospital is befriended by Nurse Lexie Coop (Ashley Judd). Her estranged mother Mama Lil (Sally Field), visits after seeing her daughter on television, and disappears with the money donated by well - wishers. Sister Husband arrives and offers to take in Novalee and Americus. Three years later, Novalee becomes a photographer with the help of Moses. When a tornado blows through Sequoyah, Sister Husband is killed. In her memory, Novalee shoots a picture of Americus and the still - standing buckeye tree amidst the damage from the storm. After the funeral, Novalee finds out that she is the beneficiary of Sister's estate, totaling around $40,000. Novalee builds a new home for herself and Americus on Sister's land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Female buddy film", "paragraph_text": "A female buddy film is a type of buddy film in which the main characters are females, and the film's events center on their situations. The cast may is often mainly female, depending on the plot. \"The female buddy film is a recent trend in mainstream cinema. \"Thelma & Louise\" with its darker themes, remains one of the most notable female buddy films to date and had a similar popular impact as \"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\" in the early 1990s. Similar films also paved the way for onscreen female friendships such as that between Evelyn Couch and Ninny Threadgoode in \"Fried Green Tomatoes\". Other popular duos include those in \"Waiting to Exhale\" and \"Walking and Talking\".\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "List of Grand Slam women's doubles champions", "paragraph_text": "Titles Players 31 / Martina Navratilova 21 Louise Brough Clapp, Margaret Osborne duPont, Pam Shriver 19 Margaret Court 18 / / Natasha Zvereva 17 Elizabeth Ryan, / Gigi Fern\u00e1ndez 16 Billie Jean King 14 Doris Hart, Serena Williams, Venus Williams 13 Darlene Hard, Martina Hingis 12 Shirley Fry Irvin, Thelma Coyne Long, Jana Novotn\u00e1 11 Sarah Palfrey Cooke, Maria Bueno 10 Nancye Wynne Bolton, Virginia Ruano Pascual 9 Helen Wills Moody, Simonne Mathieu, Rosemary Casals, Helena Sukov\u00e1 8 Suzanne Lenglen, Judy Tegart Dalton, Paola Su\u00e1rez 7 Juliette Atkinson, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman, Lesley Turner Bowrey, Fran\u00e7oise D\u00fcrr 6 Mary Browne, Alice Marble, Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Betty St\u00f6ve, Arantxa S\u00e1nchez Vicario, Lisa Raymond 5 Daphne Akhurst Cozens, Althea Gibson, Ren\u00e9e Schuurman, Helen Gourlay Cawley, Anne Smith, Kathy Jordan, Cara Black, / Liezel Huber, Sara Errani, Roberta Vinci, Bethanie Mattek - Sands, Lucie \u0160af\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia", "paragraph_text": "Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (Louise Margaret Alexandra Victoria Agnes; later Duchess of Connaught and Strathearn; 25 July 1860 \u2013 14 March 1917) was a German princess, and later a member of the British Royal Family, the wife of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn. She also served as the Viceregal Consort of Canada, when her husband served as the Governor General of Canada from 1911 to 1916. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and Queens Margrethe II of Denmark and Anne-Marie of Greece are among her great-grandchildren.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "MC Trey", "paragraph_text": "MC Trey, also known as Trey (born Thelma Thomas in Lami, Fiji), is a Fijian Australian vocalist, and hip-hop activist. She was nominated as one of Sydney's Top 10 Creative Innovators in the field of music and is a member of ARIA-nominated band Foreign Heights.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "A Hole in the Head", "paragraph_text": "A Hole in the Head (1959) is a DeLuxe Color comedy film, in CinemaScope, directed by Frank Capra, featuring Frank Sinatra, Edward G. Robinson, Eleanor Parker, Keenan Wynn, Carolyn Jones, Thelma Ritter, Dub Taylor, Ruby Dandridge, Eddie Hodges, and Joi Lansing, and released by United Artists. It was based upon the play of the same name by Arnold Schulman.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In A League of Their Own, who played the husband of the actress who played Thelma in Thelma and Louise?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 85713, "question": "who played thelma in thelma and louise movie", "answer": "Geena Davis", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 84469, "question": "#1 husband in league of their own", "answer": "Bill Pullman", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Bill Pullman", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2552}
{"id": "2hop__79875_84469", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise of Baden)", "paragraph_text": "Princess Louise came to Russia in November 1792, when she was chosen by Empress Catherine II of Russia as a bride for her eldest grandson, Grand Duke Alexander Pavlovich of Russia, the future Tsar Alexander I. Louise converted to the Orthodox Church, took the title of Grand Duchess of Russia and traded the name Louise Maria for Elizabeth Alexeievna. She married Alexander on 28 September 1793, when he was fifteen and she was fourteen. Initially the marriage was happy. Elizabeth was beautiful, but shy and withdrawn. She had two daughters, but both died in early childhood. During the reign of her father-in-law, Tsar Paul I, Elizabeth supported her husband's policies and she was with him on the night of Paul\u2019s assassination.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of Grand Slam women's doubles champions", "paragraph_text": "Titles Players 31 / Martina Navratilova 21 Louise Brough Clapp, Margaret Osborne duPont, Pam Shriver 19 Margaret Court 18 / / Natasha Zvereva 17 Elizabeth Ryan, / Gigi Fern\u00e1ndez 16 Billie Jean King 14 Doris Hart, Serena Williams, Venus Williams 13 Darlene Hard, Martina Hingis 12 Shirley Fry Irvin, Thelma Coyne Long, Jana Novotn\u00e1 11 Sarah Palfrey Cooke, Maria Bueno 10 Nancye Wynne Bolton, Virginia Ruano Pascual 9 Helen Wills Moody, Simonne Mathieu, Rosemary Casals, Helena Sukov\u00e1 8 Suzanne Lenglen, Judy Tegart Dalton, Paola Su\u00e1rez 7 Juliette Atkinson, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman, Lesley Turner Bowrey, Fran\u00e7oise D\u00fcrr 6 Mary Browne, Alice Marble, Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Betty St\u00f6ve, Arantxa S\u00e1nchez Vicario, Lisa Raymond 5 Daphne Akhurst Cozens, Althea Gibson, Ren\u00e9e Schuurman, Helen Gourlay Cawley, Anne Smith, Kathy Jordan, Cara Black, / Liezel Huber, Sara Errani, Roberta Vinci, Bethanie Mattek - Sands, Lucie \u0160af\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "The recurring guest voices include Adam Carolla as Death, Patrick Stewart as Susie Swanson, Scott Grimes as Kevin Swanson and Sanaa Lathan as Donna Tubbs Brown. Previous recurring guests included Phyllis Diller in three episodes as Peter's Mother, Thelma, and Charles Durning as Peter's father, Francis. Both characters have since died, but Durning returned once to play Francis as a ghost. Early in the show's run, Fred Willard and Jane Lynch had a recurring role as a family of nudists. James Woods as James Woods.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Where the Heart Is (2000 film)", "paragraph_text": "After... 17 - year - old and seven months pregnant Novalee Nation (Natalie Portman) is abandoned by boyfriend Willy Jack Pickens (Dylan Bruno) at the local Walmart in Sequoyah when she uses the restroom and buys new shoes, she meets Thelma ``Sister ''Husband (Stockard Channing) who presents her with a buckeye tree, and Moses Whitecotton (Keith David), a local photographer who advises her to give her baby a strong name. A sickly and homeless Novalee is forced to live in the Walmart, undetected. Novalee is also acquainted with surly librarian Forney Hull (James Frain) who looks after his alcoholic sister Mary Elizabeth (Margaret Hoard). During a thunderstorm Novalee, alone at Walmart, goes into labor. Forney, who is now in awe of Novalee, smashes through the Walmart window to help deliver her child whom she names Americus. Novalee instantly becomes a media darling, and in hospital is befriended by Nurse Lexie Coop (Ashley Judd). Her estranged mother Mama Lil (Sally Field), visits after seeing her daughter on television, and disappears with the money donated by well - wishers. Sister Husband arrives and offers to take in Novalee and Americus. Three years later, Novalee becomes a photographer with the help of Moses. When a tornado blows through Sequoyah, Sister Husband is killed. In her memory, Novalee shoots a picture of Americus and the still - standing buckeye tree amidst the damage from the storm. After the funeral, Novalee finds out that she is the beneficiary of Sister's estate, totaling around $40,000. Novalee builds a new home for herself and Americus on Sister's land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "That Certain Something", "paragraph_text": "That Certain Something is a 1941 Australian musical film directed by Clarence G. Badger and starring Megan Edwards and Thelma Grigg. The plot concerns an American film director who decides to make a musical in Australia. It was the last film directed by Badger, a noted silent era director.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Thelma & Louise", "paragraph_text": "Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American road film produced by Ridley Scott and Mimi Polk Gitlin, directed by Scott and written by Callie Khouri. It stars Geena Davis as Thelma and Susan Sarandon as Louise, two friends who embark on a road trip with unforeseen consequences. The supporting cast include Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen, and Brad Pitt, whose career was launched by the film.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Jack Albertson as Post Office Mail Sorter Harry Antrim as R.H. Macy Lela Bliss as Mrs. Shellhammer Jeff Corey as Reporter Mary Field as Dutch Girl's Adopted Mother William Forrest as Dr. Rogers at Bellevue Alvin Greenman as Alfred Theresa Harris as Cleo, the Walkers' maid / housekeeper Percy Helton as Drunken Santa Claus Herbert Heyes as Mr. Gimbel Robert Karnes as 2nd Bellevue Intern Snub Pollard as Mail - Bearing Court Officer Thelma Ritter as Peter's Mother James Seay as Dr. Pierce, physician at the Brooks Memorial Home for the Aged", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Female buddy film", "paragraph_text": "A female buddy film is a type of buddy film in which the main characters are females, and the film's events center on their situations. The cast may is often mainly female, depending on the plot. \"The female buddy film is a recent trend in mainstream cinema. \"Thelma & Louise\" with its darker themes, remains one of the most notable female buddy films to date and had a similar popular impact as \"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\" in the early 1990s. Similar films also paved the way for onscreen female friendships such as that between Evelyn Couch and Ninny Threadgoode in \"Fried Green Tomatoes\". Other popular duos include those in \"Waiting to Exhale\" and \"Walking and Talking\".\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Wiz (film)", "paragraph_text": "Diana Ross as Dorothy Michael Jackson as Scarecrow Nipsey Russell as Tin Man Ted Ross as Cowardly Lion Richard Pryor as Herman Smith / The Wiz Lena Horne as Glinda the Good Witch of the South Mabel King as Evillene / The Wicked Witch of the West Thelma Carpenter as Freida Winzer / Miss One Theresa Merritt as Shelby Gale / Aunt Em Stanley Greene as Uncle Henry Clinton Jackson as Green Footman # 1 Johnny Brown as Aunt Em's Party", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "A Hole in the Head", "paragraph_text": "A Hole in the Head (1959) is a DeLuxe Color comedy film, in CinemaScope, directed by Frank Capra, featuring Frank Sinatra, Edward G. Robinson, Eleanor Parker, Keenan Wynn, Carolyn Jones, Thelma Ritter, Dub Taylor, Ruby Dandridge, Eddie Hodges, and Joi Lansing, and released by United Artists. It was based upon the play of the same name by Arnold Schulman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Thelma, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Thelma is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. The community was originally known as Buskirk, after a local family. But, when the community received its first post office on June 5, 1905, it was renamed Thelma after the daughter of Warren Meek. Meek was a successful pioneer in the newspaper field in the Big Sandy Valley. B", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Jesse Stone: Lost in Paradise", "paragraph_text": "Tom Selleck as Jesse Stone Mackenzie Foy as Jenny Luke Perry as Richard, the ``Boston Ripper ''Leslie Hope as Lt. Sydney Greenstreet William Devane as Dr. Dix William Sadler as Gino Fish Amelia Rose Blaire as Charlotte / Amelia Hope Gloria Reuben as Thelma Gleffey Al Sapienza as Bruce Davies Tara Yelland as Mavis Davies Alex Carter as Detective Dan Leary Christine Tizzard as Amanda Kohl Sudduth as Luther`` Suitcase'' Simpson Kerri Smith as Sister Mary John Ned the Dog as Steve", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Sinead Farrelly", "paragraph_text": "Sinead Louise Farrelly (born November 16, 1989) is a retired American professional soccer midfielder. She previously played for Boston Breakers of the National Women's Soccer League. In 2011, she played for the Philadelphia Independence of the WPS and was a member of the United States U-23 women's national soccer team. She was selected by the Philadelphia Independence as the No. 2 overall pick in the 2011 WPS Draft from University of Virginia. She was a Hermann Trophy semifinalist in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Thelma Hopkins (athlete)", "paragraph_text": "Thelma Elizabeth Hopkins (born 16 March 1936 in Kingston upon Hull) is a Northern Irish athlete, who competed in the high and the long jump.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "The Proud and Profane", "paragraph_text": "The Proud and Profane is a 1956 dramatic war romance made by William Perlberg-George Seaton Productions for Paramount Pictures. It was directed by George Seaton and produced by William Perlberg, from a screenplay by George Seaton, based on the 1953 novel \"The Magnificent Bastards\" by Lucy Herndon Crockett. The film stars William Holden and Deborah Kerr with Thelma Ritter, Dewey Martin, William Redfield and Peter Hansen in supporting roles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia", "paragraph_text": "Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (Louise Margaret Alexandra Victoria Agnes; later Duchess of Connaught and Strathearn; 25 July 1860 \u2013 14 March 1917) was a German princess, and later a member of the British Royal Family, the wife of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn. She also served as the Viceregal Consort of Canada, when her husband served as the Governor General of Canada from 1911 to 1916. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and Queens Margrethe II of Denmark and Anne-Marie of Greece are among her great-grandchildren.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Pension Mimosas", "paragraph_text": "1924. Louise Noblet keeps a small hotel, the Pension Mimosas, on the C\u00f4te d'Azur in the south of France, with her husband Gaston who is also a supervisor in local casino. Many of their clientele are luckless gamblers hoping for success in the local casino. Childless themselves, Louise and Gaston have been bringing up the young Pierre while his father serves a prison sentence, but they are dismayed when the father is released early and comes to take back his son.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "A League of Their Own", "paragraph_text": "When World War II threatens to shut down Major League Baseball, candy magnate and Cubs owner Walter Harvey (Garry Marshall) persuades his fellow owners to bankroll a women's league. Ira Lowenstein (David Strathairn) is put in charge, and Ernie Capadino (Jon Lovitz) is sent out to recruit players. Capadino attends an industrial - league softball game in rural Oregon and likes what he sees in Dottie, the catcher for a local dairy's team. Dottie turns down Capadino's offer, happy with her simple farm life while waiting for her husband Bob (Bill Pullman) to come back from the war. Her sister and teammate, Kit (Lori Petty), however, is desperate to get away and make something of herself. Capadino is not impressed by Kit's hitting performance, but agrees to take her along if she can change Dottie's mind. Dottie agrees, but only for her sister's sake.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Jean Grossholtz", "paragraph_text": "Thelma Jean Grossholtz (born April 17, 1929) \"Professor Emeritus of Politics and Women's Studies\" at Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Jean is a feminist-activist whose dedication and expertise on social justice issues\u2014poverty, water, food, and the effects of globalization, to name a few\u2014have made her a legend on the Mount Holyoke campus, in the Pioneer Valley of Massachusetts where she resides, and beyond.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Big Little Lies (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Reese Witherspoon as Madeline Martha Mackenzie Nicole Kidman as Celeste Wright Shailene Woodley as Jane Chapman Alexander Skarsg\u00e5rd as Perry Wright, Celeste's husband Adam Scott as Ed Mackenzie, Madeline's husband Zo\u00eb Kravitz as Bonnie Carlson, Nathan's second wife James Tupper as Nathan Carlson, Madeline's ex-husband Jeffrey Nordling as Gordon Klein, Renata's husband Laura Dern as Renata Klein Kathryn Newton as Abigail Carlson (season 2, recurring season 1), Madeline's elder daughter Sarah Sokolovic as Tori Bachman (season 2, recurring season 1) Meryl Streep as Mary Louise Wright (season 2), Perry's mother Crystal Fox as Elizabeth Howard (season 2)", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In the movie A League of their Own, who played the husband of the person who also played Thelma in the movie Thelma and Louise?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 79875, "question": "who played thelma in the movie thelma and louise", "answer": "Geena Davis", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 84469, "question": "#1 husband in league of their own", "answer": "Bill Pullman", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Bill Pullman", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2665}
{"id": "2hop__79875_72187", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of Grand Slam women's doubles champions", "paragraph_text": "Titles Players 31 / Martina Navratilova 21 Louise Brough Clapp, Margaret Osborne duPont, Pam Shriver 19 Margaret Court 18 / / Natasha Zvereva 17 Elizabeth Ryan, / Gigi Fern\u00e1ndez 16 Billie Jean King 14 Doris Hart, Serena Williams, Venus Williams 13 Darlene Hard, Martina Hingis 12 Shirley Fry Irvin, Thelma Coyne Long, Jana Novotn\u00e1 11 Sarah Palfrey Cooke, Maria Bueno 10 Nancye Wynne Bolton, Virginia Ruano Pascual 9 Helen Wills Moody, Simonne Mathieu, Rosemary Casals, Helena Sukov\u00e1 8 Suzanne Lenglen, Judy Tegart Dalton, Paola Su\u00e1rez 7 Juliette Atkinson, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman, Lesley Turner Bowrey, Fran\u00e7oise D\u00fcrr 6 Mary Browne, Alice Marble, Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Betty St\u00f6ve, Arantxa S\u00e1nchez Vicario, Lisa Raymond 5 Daphne Akhurst Cozens, Althea Gibson, Ren\u00e9e Schuurman, Helen Gourlay Cawley, Anne Smith, Kathy Jordan, Cara Black, / Liezel Huber, Sara Errani, Roberta Vinci, Bethanie Mattek - Sands, Lucie \u0160af\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Vivian Alamain", "paragraph_text": "Vivian Alamain is a fictional character from the American NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives, played by Louise Sorel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sinead Farrelly", "paragraph_text": "Sinead Louise Farrelly (born November 16, 1989) is a retired American professional soccer midfielder. She previously played for Boston Breakers of the National Women's Soccer League. In 2011, she played for the Philadelphia Independence of the WPS and was a member of the United States U-23 women's national soccer team. She was selected by the Philadelphia Independence as the No. 2 overall pick in the 2011 WPS Draft from University of Virginia. She was a Hermann Trophy semifinalist in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Steve Bell (soccer)", "paragraph_text": "Steve Bell (born January 7, 1975) is a retired American soccer midfielder who played professionally in the Continental Indoor Soccer League and USL A-League. He is a play-by-play soccer broadcaster and sideline reporter for the Fox Soccer Channel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "The recurring guest voices include Adam Carolla as Death, Patrick Stewart as Susie Swanson, Scott Grimes as Kevin Swanson and Sanaa Lathan as Donna Tubbs Brown. Previous recurring guests included Phyllis Diller in three episodes as Peter's Mother, Thelma, and Charles Durning as Peter's father, Francis. Both characters have since died, but Durning returned once to play Francis as a ghost. Early in the show's run, Fred Willard and Jane Lynch had a recurring role as a family of nudists. James Woods as James Woods.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Thelma Hopkins (athlete)", "paragraph_text": "Thelma Elizabeth Hopkins (born 16 March 1936 in Kingston upon Hull) is a Northern Irish athlete, who competed in the high and the long jump.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Female buddy film", "paragraph_text": "A female buddy film is a type of buddy film in which the main characters are females, and the film's events center on their situations. The cast may is often mainly female, depending on the plot. \"The female buddy film is a recent trend in mainstream cinema. \"Thelma & Louise\" with its darker themes, remains one of the most notable female buddy films to date and had a similar popular impact as \"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\" in the early 1990s. Similar films also paved the way for onscreen female friendships such as that between Evelyn Couch and Ninny Threadgoode in \"Fried Green Tomatoes\". Other popular duos include those in \"Waiting to Exhale\" and \"Walking and Talking\".\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Jack Albertson as Post Office Mail Sorter Harry Antrim as R.H. Macy Lela Bliss as Mrs. Shellhammer Jeff Corey as Reporter Mary Field as Dutch Girl's Adopted Mother William Forrest as Dr. Rogers at Bellevue Alvin Greenman as Alfred Theresa Harris as Cleo, the Walkers' maid / housekeeper Percy Helton as Drunken Santa Claus Herbert Heyes as Mr. Gimbel Robert Karnes as 2nd Bellevue Intern Snub Pollard as Mail - Bearing Court Officer Thelma Ritter as Peter's Mother James Seay as Dr. Pierce, physician at the Brooks Memorial Home for the Aged", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "That Certain Something", "paragraph_text": "That Certain Something is a 1941 Australian musical film directed by Clarence G. Badger and starring Megan Edwards and Thelma Grigg. The plot concerns an American film director who decides to make a musical in Australia. It was the last film directed by Badger, a noted silent era director.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Breakwater Cat", "paragraph_text": "Breakwater Cat is the tenth album by American singer Thelma Houston, released in 1980 on RCA Records. The 12\" single \"Suspicious Minds\" became a popular club hit. \"Breakwater Cat\" contains five songs written by Jimmy Webb, who was also the executive producer of the album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Durham Bulls", "paragraph_text": "The Durham Bulls are a professional minor league baseball team that currently plays in the International League. The Bulls play their home games at Durham Bulls Athletic Park in the downtown area of Durham, North Carolina. Durham Bulls Athletic Park is often called the \"DBAP\" or \"D-Bap\". The Bulls are the Triple-A affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays. Established in 1902 as the Durham Tobacconists and disbanded many times over the years, the Bulls became internationally famous following the release of the 1988 movie \"Bull Durham\" starring Kevin Costner, Tim Robbins, and Susan Sarandon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "A League of Their Own", "paragraph_text": "In 1988, Dottie Hinson (Geena Davis) attends the opening of the new All - American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) exhibit at the Baseball Hall of Fame. She sees many of her former teammates and friends, prompting a flashback to 1943.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Jesse Stone: Lost in Paradise", "paragraph_text": "Tom Selleck as Jesse Stone Mackenzie Foy as Jenny Luke Perry as Richard, the ``Boston Ripper ''Leslie Hope as Lt. Sydney Greenstreet William Devane as Dr. Dix William Sadler as Gino Fish Amelia Rose Blaire as Charlotte / Amelia Hope Gloria Reuben as Thelma Gleffey Al Sapienza as Bruce Davies Tara Yelland as Mavis Davies Alex Carter as Detective Dan Leary Christine Tizzard as Amanda Kohl Sudduth as Luther`` Suitcase'' Simpson Kerri Smith as Sister Mary John Ned the Dog as Steve", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "A Hole in the Head", "paragraph_text": "A Hole in the Head (1959) is a DeLuxe Color comedy film, in CinemaScope, directed by Frank Capra, featuring Frank Sinatra, Edward G. Robinson, Eleanor Parker, Keenan Wynn, Carolyn Jones, Thelma Ritter, Dub Taylor, Ruby Dandridge, Eddie Hodges, and Joi Lansing, and released by United Artists. It was based upon the play of the same name by Arnold Schulman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "MC Trey", "paragraph_text": "MC Trey, also known as Trey (born Thelma Thomas in Lami, Fiji), is a Fijian Australian vocalist, and hip-hop activist. She was nominated as one of Sydney's Top 10 Creative Innovators in the field of music and is a member of ARIA-nominated band Foreign Heights.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Thelma & Louise", "paragraph_text": "Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American road film produced by Ridley Scott and Mimi Polk Gitlin, directed by Scott and written by Callie Khouri. It stars Geena Davis as Thelma and Susan Sarandon as Louise, two friends who embark on a road trip with unforeseen consequences. The supporting cast include Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen, and Brad Pitt, whose career was launched by the film.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Thelma, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Thelma is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. The community was originally known as Buskirk, after a local family. But, when the community received its first post office on June 5, 1905, it was renamed Thelma after the daughter of Warren Meek. Meek was a successful pioneer in the newspaper field in the Big Sandy Valley. B", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The Proud and Profane", "paragraph_text": "The Proud and Profane is a 1956 dramatic war romance made by William Perlberg-George Seaton Productions for Paramount Pictures. It was directed by George Seaton and produced by William Perlberg, from a screenplay by George Seaton, based on the 1953 novel \"The Magnificent Bastards\" by Lucy Herndon Crockett. The film stars William Holden and Deborah Kerr with Thelma Ritter, Dewey Martin, William Redfield and Peter Hansen in supporting roles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "List of Bewitched characters", "paragraph_text": "Louise Tate (Irene Vernon, and, after Vernon's departure from the show, Kasey Rogers) is Larry's wife and Samantha's closest mortal friend. Louise Tate was played by Irene Vernon during the first two seasons and then replaced by Kasey Rogers, who wore a short black wig to appear similar to Vernon. According to Rogers,", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The Wiz (film)", "paragraph_text": "Diana Ross as Dorothy Michael Jackson as Scarecrow Nipsey Russell as Tin Man Ted Ross as Cowardly Lion Richard Pryor as Herman Smith / The Wiz Lena Horne as Glinda the Good Witch of the South Mabel King as Evillene / The Wicked Witch of the West Thelma Carpenter as Freida Winzer / Miss One Theresa Merritt as Shelby Gale / Aunt Em Stanley Greene as Uncle Henry Clinton Jackson as Green Footman # 1 Johnny Brown as Aunt Em's Party", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What character in A League of their Own was played by the actress who played Thelma in the movie Thelma and Louise?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 79875, "question": "who played thelma in the movie thelma and louise", "answer": "Geena Davis", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}, {"id": 72187, "question": "who did #1 play in a league of their own", "answer": "Dottie Hinson", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}], "answer": "Dottie Hinson", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1909}
{"id": "2hop__85713_72187", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": "Jack Albertson as Post Office Mail Sorter Harry Antrim as R.H. Macy Lela Bliss as Mrs. Shellhammer Jeff Corey as Reporter Mary Field as Dutch Girl's Adopted Mother William Forrest as Dr. Rogers at Bellevue Alvin Greenman as Alfred Theresa Harris as Cleo, the Walkers' maid / housekeeper Percy Helton as Drunken Santa Claus Herbert Heyes as Mr. Gimbel Robert Karnes as 2nd Bellevue Intern Snub Pollard as Mail - Bearing Court Officer Thelma Ritter as Peter's Mother James Seay as Dr. Pierce, physician at the Brooks Memorial Home for the Aged", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Durham Bulls", "paragraph_text": "The Durham Bulls are a professional minor league baseball team that currently plays in the International League. The Bulls play their home games at Durham Bulls Athletic Park in the downtown area of Durham, North Carolina. Durham Bulls Athletic Park is often called the \"DBAP\" or \"D-Bap\". The Bulls are the Triple-A affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays. Established in 1902 as the Durham Tobacconists and disbanded many times over the years, the Bulls became internationally famous following the release of the 1988 movie \"Bull Durham\" starring Kevin Costner, Tim Robbins, and Susan Sarandon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Wiz (film)", "paragraph_text": "Diana Ross as Dorothy Michael Jackson as Scarecrow Nipsey Russell as Tin Man Ted Ross as Cowardly Lion Richard Pryor as Herman Smith / The Wiz Lena Horne as Glinda the Good Witch of the South Mabel King as Evillene / The Wicked Witch of the West Thelma Carpenter as Freida Winzer / Miss One Theresa Merritt as Shelby Gale / Aunt Em Stanley Greene as Uncle Henry Clinton Jackson as Green Footman # 1 Johnny Brown as Aunt Em's Party", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Thelma Hopkins (athlete)", "paragraph_text": "Thelma Elizabeth Hopkins (born 16 March 1936 in Kingston upon Hull) is a Northern Irish athlete, who competed in the high and the long jump.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Breakwater Cat", "paragraph_text": "Breakwater Cat is the tenth album by American singer Thelma Houston, released in 1980 on RCA Records. The 12\" single \"Suspicious Minds\" became a popular club hit. \"Breakwater Cat\" contains five songs written by Jimmy Webb, who was also the executive producer of the album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Jean Grossholtz", "paragraph_text": "Thelma Jean Grossholtz (born April 17, 1929) \"Professor Emeritus of Politics and Women's Studies\" at Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Jean is a feminist-activist whose dedication and expertise on social justice issues\u2014poverty, water, food, and the effects of globalization, to name a few\u2014have made her a legend on the Mount Holyoke campus, in the Pioneer Valley of Massachusetts where she resides, and beyond.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "That Certain Something", "paragraph_text": "That Certain Something is a 1941 Australian musical film directed by Clarence G. Badger and starring Megan Edwards and Thelma Grigg. The plot concerns an American film director who decides to make a musical in Australia. It was the last film directed by Badger, a noted silent era director.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Proud and Profane", "paragraph_text": "The Proud and Profane is a 1956 dramatic war romance made by William Perlberg-George Seaton Productions for Paramount Pictures. It was directed by George Seaton and produced by William Perlberg, from a screenplay by George Seaton, based on the 1953 novel \"The Magnificent Bastards\" by Lucy Herndon Crockett. The film stars William Holden and Deborah Kerr with Thelma Ritter, Dewey Martin, William Redfield and Peter Hansen in supporting roles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "A League of Their Own", "paragraph_text": "In 1988, Dottie Hinson (Geena Davis) attends the opening of the new All - American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) exhibit at the Baseball Hall of Fame. She sees many of her former teammates and friends, prompting a flashback to 1943.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Thelma, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Thelma is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. The community was originally known as Buskirk, after a local family. But, when the community received its first post office on June 5, 1905, it was renamed Thelma after the daughter of Warren Meek. Meek was a successful pioneer in the newspaper field in the Big Sandy Valley. B", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Steve Bell (soccer)", "paragraph_text": "Steve Bell (born January 7, 1975) is a retired American soccer midfielder who played professionally in the Continental Indoor Soccer League and USL A-League. He is a play-by-play soccer broadcaster and sideline reporter for the Fox Soccer Channel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "MC Trey", "paragraph_text": "MC Trey, also known as Trey (born Thelma Thomas in Lami, Fiji), is a Fijian Australian vocalist, and hip-hop activist. She was nominated as one of Sydney's Top 10 Creative Innovators in the field of music and is a member of ARIA-nominated band Foreign Heights.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "List of Bewitched characters", "paragraph_text": "Louise Tate (Irene Vernon, and, after Vernon's departure from the show, Kasey Rogers) is Larry's wife and Samantha's closest mortal friend. Louise Tate was played by Irene Vernon during the first two seasons and then replaced by Kasey Rogers, who wore a short black wig to appear similar to Vernon. According to Rogers,", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Cemaes Bay F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Cemaes Bay Football Club () is a football team playing in the Anglesey League (part of the Welsh football league system). Between 1995 and 1998 the club played in the League of Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Jesse Stone: Lost in Paradise", "paragraph_text": "Tom Selleck as Jesse Stone Mackenzie Foy as Jenny Luke Perry as Richard, the ``Boston Ripper ''Leslie Hope as Lt. Sydney Greenstreet William Devane as Dr. Dix William Sadler as Gino Fish Amelia Rose Blaire as Charlotte / Amelia Hope Gloria Reuben as Thelma Gleffey Al Sapienza as Bruce Davies Tara Yelland as Mavis Davies Alex Carter as Detective Dan Leary Christine Tizzard as Amanda Kohl Sudduth as Luther`` Suitcase'' Simpson Kerri Smith as Sister Mary John Ned the Dog as Steve", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "List of Grand Slam women's doubles champions", "paragraph_text": "Titles Players 31 / Martina Navratilova 21 Louise Brough Clapp, Margaret Osborne duPont, Pam Shriver 19 Margaret Court 18 / / Natasha Zvereva 17 Elizabeth Ryan, / Gigi Fern\u00e1ndez 16 Billie Jean King 14 Doris Hart, Serena Williams, Venus Williams 13 Darlene Hard, Martina Hingis 12 Shirley Fry Irvin, Thelma Coyne Long, Jana Novotn\u00e1 11 Sarah Palfrey Cooke, Maria Bueno 10 Nancye Wynne Bolton, Virginia Ruano Pascual 9 Helen Wills Moody, Simonne Mathieu, Rosemary Casals, Helena Sukov\u00e1 8 Suzanne Lenglen, Judy Tegart Dalton, Paola Su\u00e1rez 7 Juliette Atkinson, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman, Lesley Turner Bowrey, Fran\u00e7oise D\u00fcrr 6 Mary Browne, Alice Marble, Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Betty St\u00f6ve, Arantxa S\u00e1nchez Vicario, Lisa Raymond 5 Daphne Akhurst Cozens, Althea Gibson, Ren\u00e9e Schuurman, Helen Gourlay Cawley, Anne Smith, Kathy Jordan, Cara Black, / Liezel Huber, Sara Errani, Roberta Vinci, Bethanie Mattek - Sands, Lucie \u0160af\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "A Hole in the Head", "paragraph_text": "A Hole in the Head (1959) is a DeLuxe Color comedy film, in CinemaScope, directed by Frank Capra, featuring Frank Sinatra, Edward G. Robinson, Eleanor Parker, Keenan Wynn, Carolyn Jones, Thelma Ritter, Dub Taylor, Ruby Dandridge, Eddie Hodges, and Joi Lansing, and released by United Artists. It was based upon the play of the same name by Arnold Schulman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "The recurring guest voices include Adam Carolla as Death, Patrick Stewart as Susie Swanson, Scott Grimes as Kevin Swanson and Sanaa Lathan as Donna Tubbs Brown. Previous recurring guests included Phyllis Diller in three episodes as Peter's Mother, Thelma, and Charles Durning as Peter's father, Francis. Both characters have since died, but Durning returned once to play Francis as a ghost. Early in the show's run, Fred Willard and Jane Lynch had a recurring role as a family of nudists. James Woods as James Woods.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Female buddy film", "paragraph_text": "A female buddy film is a type of buddy film in which the main characters are females, and the film's events center on their situations. The cast may is often mainly female, depending on the plot. \"The female buddy film is a recent trend in mainstream cinema. \"Thelma & Louise\" with its darker themes, remains one of the most notable female buddy films to date and had a similar popular impact as \"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\" in the early 1990s. Similar films also paved the way for onscreen female friendships such as that between Evelyn Couch and Ninny Threadgoode in \"Fried Green Tomatoes\". Other popular duos include those in \"Waiting to Exhale\" and \"Walking and Talking\".\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Thelma & Louise", "paragraph_text": "Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American road film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Callie Khouri. It stars Geena Davis as Thelma and Susan Sarandon as Louise, two friends who embark on a road trip with unforeseen consequences. The supporting cast include Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen, and Brad Pitt, whose career was launched by the film.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "The actor who played Thelma in \"Thelma and Louise\" also played which character in \"A League of Their Own\"?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 85713, "question": "who played thelma in thelma and louise movie", "answer": "Geena Davis", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 72187, "question": "who did #1 play in a league of their own", "answer": "Dottie Hinson", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "Dottie Hinson", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1905}
{"id": "2hop__204146_850295", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Steve Condos", "paragraph_text": "Steve Condos (October 12, 1918September 16, 1990) was an American tap dancer. He was a member of the Condos Brothers, with siblings Nick and Frank.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Catherine of Pfalz-Zweibr\u00fccken (1661\u20131720)", "paragraph_text": "Catherine of Pfalz-Zweibr\u00fccken (10 December 1661 \u2013 27 May 1720), was the daughter of Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Countess Elsa Elisabeth Brahe of Wisingsborg, cousin of Charles XI of Sweden and the sister of Adolph John II, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Gustav, Duke of Zweibr\u00fccken. She is foremost known for the scandal involving herself and her siblings, when she, after a long ongoing conflict in 1686-88, escaped from the authority of her parents.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bee Gees", "paragraph_text": "The Bee Gees' younger brother Andy now followed his older siblings into a music career and enjoyed considerable success. Produced by Barry, Andy Gibb's first three singles all topped the US charts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of Wizards of Waverly Place characters", "paragraph_text": "The series centers on the fictional characters of the Russo family, which includes Alex (Selena Gomez), her older brother Justin (David Henrie) and their younger brother Max (Jake T. Austin). The three Russo siblings are wizards in training and live with their Italian - American father Jerry (David DeLuise), a former wizard, and their Mexican - American mother, Theresa (Maria Canals Barrera) who is a mortal. Alex's best friend Harper (Jennifer Stone) also found out about the Russos' wizard powers in season 2. The siblings have to keep their secret safe while living in the mortal world. When they become adults, the three siblings will have a wizard competition to decide who will become the family wizard of their generation and keep his or her wizard powers. Harper used to have a crush on Justin, but now is in love with Justin's best friend, Zeke, who finds out about the Russo's wizard powers in season 4. Alex Russo (Selena Gomez) and Justin Russo (David Henrie) are the only characters to appear in every episode of the series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay", "paragraph_text": "Sanjib Chandra was born to an orthodox Brahmin family at Kanthalpara, North 24 Parganas. He was educated at Hooghly Mohsin College founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and Presidency College, Calcutta. He was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Kristiana Gregory", "paragraph_text": "Gregory grew up in a small town by the sea near Los Angeles with her parents and two younger siblings. Gregory is a popular author of children's historical fiction, including several for the Dear America and Royal Diaries series. She lives in Idaho with her husband near her grown children.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Cordelia Frost", "paragraph_text": "Cordelia Frost is the younger sister of Emma and Adrienne Frost, as well as being the youngest of the four Frost siblings. She was regarded by her parents as being the \"lost\" one in the family, and as such she rebelled by dressing in black, having sullen, sulky moods and being argumentative.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Daughters of Pharmacist Kim", "paragraph_text": "Daughters of Pharmacist Kim () is a 1963 South Korean film by Yu Hyun-mok portraying sibling rivalry and the troubled marriages of four sisters. In 2005, the film was adapted as an MBC television series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kapalkundala", "paragraph_text": "Kapalkundala (), also known as Mrinmoyee, is a Bengali romance novel by Indian writer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Published in 1866, it is a story of a forest-dwelling girl named Kapalkundala, who fell in love and got married to Nabakumar, a young gentleman from Saptagram, but eventually found that she is unable to adjust herself with the city life. Following the success of Chattopadhyay\u2019s first novel \"Durgeshnandini\", he decided to write about a girl who is brought up in a remote forest by a Kapalika (Tantrik sage) and never saw anyone but her foster-father. The story is set in Dariapur, Contai in modern-day Purba Medinipur district, Paschimbanga (West Bengal) where Chattopadhyay served as a Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as \"a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant.\" Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as \"a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Hans Jacob Hess", "paragraph_text": "John Jacob Hess was born in Wald, Zurich, Switzerland on May 17, 1584 to Hans Heinrich Hess, a bailiff, (1534\u20131587) and Adelheid Kuntz (1546\u20131585). He had eight older full siblings: Margaretha, Christian, Matheus, Hans, Elsy, Margaretha, Heinrich, and Dorothea; five older half-siblings from his father's first two marriages: Adelheid, Barbara, Veronica, Catharina and Anna; and one younger half-brother, Hans, from his father's fourth marriage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "The Rain (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "When a virus that is carried by rainfall wipes out almost all humans in Scandinavia, Danish siblings Simone and Rasmus take shelter in a bunker. Six years later, they emerge to search for their father, a scientist who left them in the bunker but never returned. Along the way they join a group of young survivors and together they travel across Denmark and Sweden, searching for a safe place, and for the siblings' father, who may be able to provide the answers and the cure.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Kirka", "paragraph_text": "Several Babitzin siblings are established musicians in their own right. In 1978, Kirka released a duet album with sister Anna; the next year, another sister Marija (\"Muska\") joined in.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "David Kaonohiokala Bray", "paragraph_text": "David Kaonohiokala Bray was born 05 Mar 1889 in Honolulu, Kingdom of Hawaii, to Missionary David Howard Hitchcock (1832\u20131899) and Hana Bray (-1889). Hana died when he was six months old so David had no full siblings, but there were five half siblings from his father's previous marriage to Almeda Eliza Widger (1828\u20131895): noted American painter D. Howard Hitchcock (1861 \u2013 1943), Ella Marian Hitchcock (1858 \u2013 1950), Cora Etta Hitchcock (1859 \u2013 1951), Almeda Eliza Hitchcock (1863 \u2013 1895), and Charles Henry Wetmore Hitchcock (1868 \u2013 1940).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Kate Kellaway", "paragraph_text": "The daughter of the Australians Bill and Deborah Kellaway, she is the older sister of the journalist Lucy Kellaway. Both siblings were educated at the Camden School for Girls, where their mother was a teacher, and at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where Kate Kellaway read English.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Kunigunde of Poland", "paragraph_text": "Kunigunde of Poland (c. 1298 \u2013 9 April 1331) was a daughter of W\u0142adys\u0142aw I the Elbow-high and his wife Jadwiga of Greater Poland. Her siblings included, Casimir III of Poland and Elisabeth, Queen of Hungary. She was a member of the House of Piast.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Zhen Zhen", "paragraph_text": "Zhen Zhen () is a female giant panda born on August 3, 2007 to Bai Yun and Gao Gao at the San Diego Zoo. Her name means \"Precious\". She is Bai Yun's fourth cub, and Gao Gao's third. Zhen Zhen has one half sibling, Hua Mei, and four full siblings, Mei Sheng, Su Lin, Yun Zi, and Xiao Liwu. Like her full siblings, Zhen Zhen was conceived via natural mating.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "About Adam", "paragraph_text": "About Adam is a 2000 romantic comedy film written and directed by Gerard Stembridge. The screenplay focuses on the effect a seductive young man has on four siblings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Assi Dayan", "paragraph_text": "Assaf (Assi) Dayan was the youngest son of Israeli general and defense minister Moshe Dayan and peace activist Ruth Dayan (n\u00e9e Schwartz). He had two siblings: politician and author Yael Dayan, born 1939, and sculptor Ehud (Udi) Dayan, born 1942. After military service and studying philosophy and English literature at Hebrew University, Dayan embarked on a career as film actor, which eventually also led to directing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Charlotte Brooke", "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Brooke, (c. 1740 \u2013 1793), born in Rantavan, beside Mullagh in County Cavan, Ireland, was the author of \"Reliques of Irish Poetry\", a pioneering volume of poems collected by her in the Irish language, with facing translations. She was one of twenty-two children fathered by the writer Henry Brooke, author of \"Gustavus Vasa\"; only she (and perhaps one other sibling) survived childhood.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the sibling of the author of Kapalkundala?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 204146, "question": "Kapalkundala >> author", "answer": "Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 850295, "question": "#1 >> sibling", "answer": "Sanjib Chandra", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "Sanjib Chandra", "answer_aliases": ["Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1888}
{"id": "2hop__28287_89399", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mary Jo Catlett", "paragraph_text": "Mary Jo Catlett (born September 2, 1938) is an American actress. She is notable for her role as housekeeper Pearl Gallagher on the television sitcom Diff'rent Strokes, and currently for her role as Mrs. Puff in SpongeBob SquarePants, which she has held since the show's debut.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of SpongeBob SquarePants cast members", "paragraph_text": "Actor Character (s) Tom Kenny SpongeBob SquarePants Gary the Snail French Narrator Hans Patchy the Pirate Harold SquarePants Dirty Bubble Grandpa SquarePants Other miscellaneous characters Clancy Brown Mr. Krabs Other miscellaneous characters Rodger Bumpass Squidward Tentacles Other miscellaneous characters Bill Fagerbakke Patrick Star Other miscellaneous characters Mr. Lawrence Plankton Potty the Parrot Realistic Fish Head Larry the Lobster Other miscellaneous characters Jill Talley Karen Other miscellaneous characters Carolyn Lawrence Sandy Cheeks Other miscellaneous characters Mary Jo Catlett Mrs. Puff Other miscellaneous characters Lori Alan Pearl Other miscellaneous characters", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Derek Drymon", "paragraph_text": "Derek Drymon (born November 19, 1968) is an American writer, storyboard artist, television director, executive producer, and supervising producer. He has worked on numerous animated cartoon productions of the 1990s and 2000s, best known for his work on \"Rocko's Modern Life\", \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" and \"Adventure Time\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Annelid", "paragraph_text": "It is thought that annelids were originally animals with two separate sexes, which released ova and sperm into the water via their nephridia. The fertilized eggs develop into trochophore larvae, which live as plankton. Later they sink to the sea-floor and metamorphose into miniature adults: the part of the trochophore between the apical tuft and the prototroch becomes the prostomium (head); a small area round the trochophore's anus becomes the pygidium (tail-piece); a narrow band immediately in front of that becomes the growth zone that produces new segments; and the rest of the trochophore becomes the peristomium (the segment that contains the mouth).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Insect", "paragraph_text": "Holometabolism, or complete metamorphosis, is where the insect changes in four stages, an egg or embryo, a larva, a pupa and the adult or imago. In these species, an egg hatches to produce a larva, which is generally worm-like in form. This worm-like form can be one of several varieties: eruciform (caterpillar-like), scarabaeiform (grub-like), campodeiform (elongated, flattened and active), elateriform (wireworm-like) or vermiform (maggot-like). The larva grows and eventually becomes a pupa, a stage marked by reduced movement and often sealed within a cocoon. There are three types of pupae: obtect, exarate or coarctate. Obtect pupae are compact, with the legs and other appendages enclosed. Exarate pupae have their legs and other appendages free and extended. Coarctate pupae develop inside the larval skin.:151 Insects undergo considerable change in form during the pupal stage, and emerge as adults. Butterflies are a well-known example of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, although most insects use this life cycle. Some insects have evolved this system to hypermetamorphosis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nannochoristidae", "paragraph_text": "Nannochoristidae is a family of scorpionflies with many unusual traits. It is a tiny, relict family of about eight species, with members of the genus \"Nannochorista\" occurring in New Zealand, southeastern Australia, Tasmania, and Chile, so is probably of Gondwanan origin. The adults look like scorpionflies with more pointed, elongated wings. Most mecopteran larvae are eruciform, or shaped like caterpillars. Nannochoristid larvae, however, are elateriform, or shaped like wireworm or click beetle larvae. They are also the only entirely aquatic Mecoptera. Wing venation suggests a close relationship to dipterans. They are predatory, primarily on the larvae of aquatic Diptera.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water", "paragraph_text": "Tom Kenny as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants / The Invincibubble and Gary the Snail Antonio Banderas as Burger Beard the Pirate Clancy Brown as the voice of Mr. Krabs / Sir Pinch - a-Lot, SpongeBob and Squidward's boss Rodger Bumpass as the voice of Squidward Tentacles / Sour Note, SpongeBob's coworker Bill Fagerbakke as the voice of Patrick Star / Mr. Superawesomeness, SpongeBob's neighbor and best friend Mr. Lawrence as the voice of Plankton / Plank - Ton, Mr. Krabs' arch - rival and Karen's husband Jill Talley as the voice of Karen, Plankton's sentient computer sidekick and wife Carolyn Lawrence as the voice of Sandy Cheeks / The Rodent, a squirrel from Texas Mary Jo Catlett as the voice of Mrs. Puff, SpongeBob's boating school teacher Lori Alan as the voice of Pearl Krabs, a teenage whale who is Mr. Krabs' daughter Matt Berry as the voice of Bubbles, a time - traveling dolphin Riki Lindhome and Kate Micucci as the voices of Popsicles Dee Bradley Baker as the voice of Perch Perkins and other fish characters Nolan North as the voice of Pigeon Cabbie Paul Tibbitt (US), Joe Sugg (UK) and Robert Irwin (Australia) as the voice of Kyle the Seagull Peter Shukoff as Painty the Pirate", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes", "paragraph_text": "Since its debut on May 1, 1999, SpongeBob SquarePants has broadcast 234 episodes, and its eleventh season premiered on June 24, 2017. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, a feature - length film, was released in theaters on November 19, 2004 and grossed over US $140 million worldwide. Atlantis SquarePantis, a television film guest starring David Bowie, debuted as part of the fifth season. In 2009, Nickelodeon celebrated the show's tenth anniversary with Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants and SpongeBob's Truth or Square. The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water, a stand - alone sequel, was released in theaters on February 6, 2015 and grossed over US $324 million worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lori Alan", "paragraph_text": "Lori Alan (born July 18, 1966) is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Bill Fagerbakke", "paragraph_text": "William Mark Fagerbakke (/ \u02c8fe\u026a\u0261\u0259rb\u0251\u02d0ki /; born October 4, 1957) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for his long - running roles as Patrick Star in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants and Michael ``Dauber ''Dybinski on the sitcom Coach. He also appeared in 12 episodes of the sitcom How I Met Your Mother as Marshall Eriksen's father Marvin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Chocolate with Nuts", "paragraph_text": "``Chocolate with Nuts ''is the 12th episode in the third season, and the 52nd overall episode of American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. It is written by the storyboard directors, Paul Tibbitt and Kaz, alongside Kent Osborne and Merriwether Williams, with Andrew Overtoom serving as animation director. It was produced in 2001 and aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on June 1, 2002. In this episode, SpongeBob and Patrick become entrepreneurs in an attempt to live the fancy life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Clancy Brown", "paragraph_text": "Clarence J. ``Clancy ''Brown III (born January 5, 1959) is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles as the Kurgan in the fantasy film Highlander (1986), Captain Byron Hadley in the prison drama film The Shawshank Redemption (1994) and Brother Justin Crowe in the television series Carniv\u00e0le (2003 -- 2005). Brown has also provided his voice to many films, television series, and video games, including Lex Luthor in various media, Doctor Neo Cortex in the Crash Bandicoot video game series, and Mr. Krabs in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie", "paragraph_text": "The film's trailer was released on May 19, 2004, and was attached to Shrek 2. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie opened in theaters on November 19, 2004; its yellow - carpet world premiere was at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood on November 14, 2004. Among celebrities who saw the premiere with their children were Ray Romano, Larry King, Ice Cube, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation's Gary Dourdan and Friends' Lisa Kudrow. The carpet was a disturbing reminder of home for Tom Kenny, SpongeBob's voice actor; he said, ``I have a 15 - month - old daughter, so I'm no stranger to yellow carpets. ''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes", "paragraph_text": "The twelfth season of SpongeBob SquarePants was confirmed by Vincent Waller on May 5, 2017, and will consist of 26 episodes. The season will air in 2019.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 7)", "paragraph_text": "The seventh season of the American animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States from July 19, 2009 to June 11, 2011. It contained 26 episodes (50 segments), beginning with the episode \"Tentacle Vision\"/\"I Heart Dancing\". The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mr. Lawrence", "paragraph_text": "Douglas Lawrence Osowski, credited as Mr. Lawrence and sometimes Doug Lawrence, is an American voice actor, writer, director, comedian, and storyboard artist. He is known for his work as a writer and actor for the animated series Rocko's Modern Life and SpongeBob SquarePants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Hilo March", "paragraph_text": "Hilo March is a well known Hawaiian song and a popular song covered by musicians, Polynesian and non-Polynesian alike. It was written by Joseph Kapeau Ae`a and originally was called \"Ke Ala Tuberose\". It also used as the soundtrack in \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" (Composed by The Hawaiian Serenaders as \"Hilo March\", and Composed by Kapono Beamer as \"Old Hilo March\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water", "paragraph_text": "Tom Kenny as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants / The Invincibubble and Gary the Snail Clancy Brown as the voice of Mr. Krabs / Sir Pinch - a-Lot, SpongeBob and Squidward's boss Rodger Bumpass as the voice of Squidward Tentacles / Sour Note, SpongeBob's coworker Bill Fagerbakke as the voice of Patrick Star / Mr. Superawesomeness, SpongeBob's neighbor and best friend Mr. Lawrence as the voice of Plankton / Plank - Ton, Mr. Krabs' arch - rival and Karen's husband Jill Talley as the voice of Karen, Plankton's sentient computer sidekick and wife Carolyn Lawrence as the voice of Sandy Cheeks / The Rodent, a squirrel from Texas Mary Jo Catlett as the voice of Mrs. Puff, SpongeBob's boating school teacher Lori Alan as the voice of Pearl Krabs, a teenage whale who is Mr. Krabs' daughter Antonio Banderas as Burger Beard, the pirate who stole the Krabby Patty formula Matt Berry as the voice of Bubbles, a time - traveling dolphin Riki Lindhome and Kate Micucci as the voices of Popsicles Dee Bradley Baker as the voice of Perch Perkins and other fish characters Nolan North as the voice of Pigeon Cabbie Paul Tibbitt (US), Joe Sugg (UK) and Robert Irwin (Australia) as the voice of Kyle the Seagull Peter Shukoff as Painty the Pirate", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water", "paragraph_text": "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water is a 2015 American 3D live-action/animated absurdist comedy film based on the animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\". A stand-alone sequel to \"The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie\" (2004), it was directed by former series showrunner Paul Tibbitt in his directorial debut, with live-action sequences directed by Mike Mitchell. It was the first film to be produced by Paramount Animation and the second film in the \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" film series. The film stars Antonio Banderas and features the show's regular voice cast, who returned to reprise their respective roles from the series and the previous film. The plot follows a pirate named Burger Beard, who steals the Krabby Patty secret formula using a magical book that makes any text written upon it come true. SpongeBob and his friends must travel to the surface to confront Burger Beard and get the formula back.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1)", "paragraph_text": "The first season of the American animated television sitcom SpongeBob SquarePants, created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired from May 1, 1999 to April 8, 2000, and consists of 20 episodes. The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The show features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett, and Lori Alan. Among the first guest stars to appear on the show were Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway voicing the superhero characters of Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy, respectively.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the voice of the character in Spongebob Squarepants with the same name as the creature that annelid larvae live like?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 28287, "question": "What do annelids' larvae live like?", "answer": "plankton", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 89399, "question": "who does #1 's voice in spongebob squarepants", "answer": "Mr. Lawrence", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "Mr. Lawrence", "answer_aliases": ["Doug Lawrence"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2829}
{"id": "2hop__84103_345851", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nicholas Hammond", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Hammond (born May 15, 1950) is an American - Australian actor and writer who is perhaps best known for his roles as Friedrich von Trapp in the film The Sound of Music and as Peter Parker / Spider - Man on the television series The Amazing Spider - Man.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Spider-Man", "paragraph_text": "A few months after Spider - Man's introduction, publisher Goodman reviewed the sales figures for that issue and was shocked to find it was one of the nascent Marvel's highest - selling comics. A solo ongoing series followed, beginning with The Amazing Spider - Man # 1 (cover - dated March 1963). The title eventually became Marvel's top - selling series with the character swiftly becoming a cultural icon; a 1965 Esquire poll of college campuses found that college students ranked Spider - Man and fellow Marvel hero the Hulk alongside Bob Dylan and Che Guevara as their favorite revolutionary icons. One interviewee selected Spider - Man because he was ``beset by woes, money problems, and the question of existence. In short, he is one of us. ''Following Ditko's departure after issue # 38 (July 1966), John Romita, Sr. replaced him as penciler and would draw the series for the next several years. In 1968, Romita would also draw the character's extra-length stories in the comics magazine The Spectacular Spider - Man, a proto - graphic novel designed to appeal to older readers. It only lasted for two issues, but it represented the first Spider - Man spin - off publication, aside from the original series' summer annuals that began in 1964.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Asian Man Records", "paragraph_text": "Asian Man Records is a DIY record label run by Mike Park in Monte Sereno, California. Park started a record label and began releasing music in 1989 under the name Dill Records, with the Asian Man label established May 1996.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Spider-Man: Homecoming", "paragraph_text": "Spider - Man: Homecoming was released on digital download by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on September 26, 2017, and on Blu - ray, Blu - ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu - ray, and DVD on October 17, 2017. The digital and Blu - ray releases include behind - the - scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and a blooper reel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Gwen Stacy", "paragraph_text": "The character has been portrayed by Bryce Dallas Howard in the 2007 film Spider - Man 3 and by Emma Stone in the 2012 reboot film The Amazing Spider - Man and its sequel The Amazing Spider - Man 2.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite", "paragraph_text": "The ``2017 Character Pass ''includes six DLC fighters: Black Panther, Black Widow, Monster Hunter, Sigma, Venom, and Winter Soldier. Black Panther, Monster Hunter, and Sigma were released on October 17, 2017, while the rest will come before the end of 2017. Players can also obtain the Superior Spider - Man alternate costume by pre-ordering Spider - Man: Homecoming through the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One online stores before October 24, 2017. On October 17, 2017, Capcom released three themed costume packs, each containing six outfits: the Avenging Army Pack (Iron Man, Hawkeye, Thor, Dante, Spencer, Arthur), the World Warriors Pack (Captain America, Captain Marvel, Hulk, Chris, Ryu, Chun - Li), and the Mystic Masters Pack (Doctor Strange, Dormammu, Ghost Rider, Morrigan, Firebrand, Nemesis). The premium costumes can also be purchased individually or altogether with the`` Premium Costume Pass''. In addition, the Premium Costume Pass will give players access to alternate costumes for the remainder of the cast, which will be released before the end of 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Spider-Man: Homecoming", "paragraph_text": "Spider - Man: Homecoming is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider - Man, co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Studios, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. It is the second Spider - Man film reboot and the sixteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Jon Watts, from a screenplay by the writing teams of Jonathan Goldstein and John Francis Daley, Watts and Christopher Ford, and Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers. Tom Holland stars as Peter Parker / Spider - Man, alongside Michael Keaton, Jon Favreau, Zendaya, Donald Glover, Tyne Daly, Marisa Tomei, and Robert Downey Jr. In Spider - Man: Homecoming, Peter Parker tries to balance high school life with being Spider - Man, while facing the Vulture.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Spider-Man: Homecoming", "paragraph_text": "Spider - Man: Homecoming is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider - Man, co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Studios, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. It is the second Spider - Man film reboot and the sixteenth film of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Jon Watts, with a screenplay by the writing teams of Jonathan Goldstein and John Francis Daley, Watts and Christopher Ford, and Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers. Tom Holland stars as Spider - Man, alongside Michael Keaton, Jon Favreau, Zendaya, Donald Glover, Tyne Daly, Marisa Tomei and Robert Downey Jr. In Spider - Man: Homecoming, Peter Parker tries to balance high school life with being Spider - Man, while facing the Vulture.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Blues", "paragraph_text": "The bassist and prolific songwriter and composer Willie Dixon played a major role on the Chicago blues scene. He composed and wrote many standard blues songs of the period, such as ``Hoochie Coochie Man '',`` I Just Want to Make Love to You'' (both penned for Muddy Waters) and, ``Wang Dang Doodle ''and`` Back Door Man'' for Howlin 'Wolf. Most artists of the Chicago blues style recorded for the Chicago - based Chess Records and Checker Records labels. Smaller blues labels of this era included Vee - Jay Records and J.O.B. Records. During the early 1950s, the dominating Chicago labels were challenged by Sam Phillips' Sun Records company in Memphis, which recorded B.B. King and Howlin 'Wolf before he moved to Chicago in 1960. After Phillips discovered Elvis Presley in 1954, the Sun label turned to the rapidly expanding white audience and started recording mostly rock' n 'roll.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Spider-Man: Homecoming", "paragraph_text": "Spider - Man: Homecoming Theatrical release poster Directed by Jon Watts Produced by Kevin Feige Amy Pascal Screenplay by Jonathan Goldstein John Francis Daley Jon Watts Christopher Ford Chris McKenna Erik Sommers Story by Jonathan Goldstein John Francis Daley Based on Spider - Man by Stan Lee Steve Ditko Starring Tom Holland Michael Keaton Jon Favreau Zendaya Donald Glover Tyne Daly Marisa Tomei Robert Downey Jr. Music by Michael Giacchino Cinematography Salvatore Totino Edited by Dan Lebental Debbie Berman Production companies Columbia Pictures Marvel Studios Pascal Pictures Distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing Release date June 28, 2017 (2017 - 06 - 28) (TCL Chinese Theatre) July 7, 2017 (2017 - 07 - 07) (United States) Running time 133 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $175 million Box office $880.1 million", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Gwen Stacy", "paragraph_text": "The character has been portrayed by Bryce Dallas Howard in the 2007 film Spider - Man 3 and by Emma Stone in the 2012 reboot film The Amazing Spider - Man and its sequel The Amazing Spider - Man 2. In the upcoming 2018 film Spider - Man: Into the Spider - Verse, the character will be voiced by Hailee Steinfeld.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Spider-Man (2018 video game)", "paragraph_text": "The game is scheduled to be released worldwide on September 7, 2018. After the intended release however, there will be extra content being added to Spider - Man via the ``City That Never Sleeps ''DLC, including new characters from the Spider - Man universe and new unlockable suits for Spider - Man to wear.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Spider-Man: Homecoming", "paragraph_text": "Zendaya as Michelle ``MJ ''Jones: One of Parker's classmates, Zendaya called her awkward but intellectual,`` she just feels like she does n't need to talk to people''. She added that it was ``refreshing ''that Michelle was weird and different, feeling that`` a lot of young people -- especially young women -- can relate to that''. Watts likened the character to Ally Sheedy's Allison Reynolds from The Breakfast Club (1985) or Linda Cardellini's Lindsay Weir from Freaks and Geeks (1999 -- 2000). The character is not an adaptation of Mary Jane Watson, but was given the initials ``MJ ''to`` remind you of that dynamic'', with the writers ``plant (ing) the seeds in this movie ''for comparisons to Watson, but also making her`` wholly different''. Feige added that Michelle is ``not obsessed with ''Parker like Watson is at times in the comics,`` she's just observant''.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Uncle Ben", "paragraph_text": "However, later stories and flashbacks that took place when Ben was still alive retroactively made the phrase one of Ben's many homilies he would lecture Peter with. Latter - day reinterpretations of Spider - Man, such as the Spider - Man film and the Ultimate Spider - Man comic, depict Ben as saying this phrase to Peter while he is still alive, in their last conversation. Both the aforementioned adaptations also had Peter lash out at Ben just after he says it, and both also mention his father.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Flash Thompson", "paragraph_text": "Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko, Flash Thompson first appeared in \"Amazing Fantasy\" #15 (August 1962), the same issue Spider-Man first appeared in. He was a regular character in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" series for its first four years, leaving the cast in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #47 (April 1967) to serve in the Vietnam War. Though he reappeared in the comic a few times while on leave, he did not return to the regular cast until issue #105 (February 1972).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films", "paragraph_text": "Captain America: Civil War (2016) is the first film in the franchise's Phase Three, and is followed by Doctor Strange (2016), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Spider - Man: Homecoming (2017), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Black Panther (2018), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Ant - Man and the Wasp (2018), with Captain Marvel (2019) and an untitled Avengers film (2019) still scheduled for the phase. Sony Pictures distributes the Spider - Man films, which they continue to own, finance, and have final creative control over.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Zendaya (album)", "paragraph_text": "Zendaya is the eponymous debut studio album by American singer and actress Zendaya, released on September 17, 2013 by Hollywood Records. After acting in the Disney Channel series \"Shake It Up\", Zendaya signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records, in which she began recording her debut in late 2012. \"Zendaya\" consists of 12 songs; musically, the album is a electropop album that incorporates urban pop, R&B and dubstep. Lyrically, the album discusses issues of heartbreak and love. Zendaya co-wrote all the songs on the album.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The Amazing Spider-Man 2", "paragraph_text": "The Amazing Spider - Man 2 (also released as The Amazing Spider - Man 2: Rise of Electro in some markets) is a 2014 American superhero film featuring the Marvel Comics character Spider - Man. The film was directed by Marc Webb and was produced by Avi Arad and Matt Tolmach. It is the fifth theatrical Spider - Man film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and is the sequel to 2012's The Amazing Spider - Man, it is also the final film in The Amazing Spider - Man franchise. The studio hired James Vanderbilt to write the screenplay and Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci to rewrite it. The film stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider - Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Dane DeHaan as Green Goblin / Harry Osborn, Campbell Scott and Embeth Davidtz as Peter's parents, and Sally Field as Aunt May, with the addition of a new cast including Paul Giamatti as Rhino / Aleksei Sytsevich and Jamie Foxx as Electro / Max Dillon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Spider-Man: Homecoming", "paragraph_text": "Spider - Man: Homecoming held its world premiere at the TCL Chinese Theater in Hollywood on June 28, 2017, and was released in the United Kingdom on July 5. It opened in additional international markets on July 6, with 23,400 screens (277 of which were IMAX) in 56 markets for its opening weekend. The film was released in the United States on July 7, in 4,348 theaters (392 were IMAX and IMAX 3D, and 601 were premium large - format), including 3D screenings. It was originally slated for release on July 28.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films", "paragraph_text": "Captain America: Civil War (2016) is the first film in the franchise's Phase Three, and is followed by Doctor Strange (2016), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Spider - Man: Homecoming (2017), and Thor: Ragnarok (2017), with Black Panther (2018), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Ant - Man and the Wasp (2018), Captain Marvel (2019), and an untitled Avengers film (2019) scheduled for the phase. Sony Pictures distributes the Spider - Man films, which they continue to own, finance, and have final creative control over.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "The actor who plays the girl in Spiderman Homecoming is signed to which record label?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 84103, "question": "who plays the girl in spider man homecoming", "answer": "Zendaya", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 345851, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Hollywood Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Hollywood Records", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2665}
{"id": "2hop__142621_225454", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Power of Love (Jennifer Rush song)", "paragraph_text": "``The Power of Love ''is a song co-written and originally recorded by Jennifer Rush in 1984. It has been covered by several artists, most notably by Celine Dion, Laura Branigan and Air Supply.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Here Comes the Hotstepper", "paragraph_text": "``Here Comes the Hotstepper ''is a song co-written and recorded by Jamaican dancehall artist Ini Kamoze. It was released as the lead single from his 1994 album Here Comes the Hotstepper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Necessary Records", "paragraph_text": "Necessary Records is a record label based in the UK, founded by Warren Clarke, a former A&R executive at London Records and Edel, in 2003. Clarke describes that the label was born out of a creative necessity. \"It's an outlet for records that should and must be heard. An outlet for artists that deserve to and will, touch the widest possible audience.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Pointless Nostalgic", "paragraph_text": "Pointless Nostalgic is Jamie Cullum's second album but his first major release on a record label. It was released in 2002 through Candid Records. It was recorded at Clowns Pocket Recording Studio, Bexley, Kent by Derek Nash who also co produced the CD.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Under Your Spell Again", "paragraph_text": "\"Under Your Spell Again\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Buck Owens. The song peaked at number 4 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ornament Records", "paragraph_text": "Ornament Records is a German record label set up in 1972 by Siegfried A. \"Ziggy\" Christmann. It initially specialised in issuing live recordings of blues artists who were touring Germany. Soon the label started releasing jazz and German (especially Moselle Franconian) folk music as well.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nothing Records", "paragraph_text": "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Permission to Fly", "paragraph_text": "Permission to Fly is the second and final studio album by American singer-songwriter Jordan Pruitt. On July 22, 2008, the album was released to all Limited Too stores only and in September the album was released on iTunes. On August 26, 2008 the album was given a physical release. The worldwide premiere of the album was broadcast over Radio Disney on July 19, 2008 at 4:00\u00a0p.m. Pacific Time and 7:00\u00a0p.m. Eastern Time. The encore also aired on July 21, 2008 at 10:00\u00a0a.m. Pacific Time and 1:00\u00a0p.m. Eastern Time. For unknown reasons, the album was removed from the iTunes Store on September 19, 2008.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "My Moment (Rebecca Black song)", "paragraph_text": "\"My Moment\" is a song by American recording artist Rebecca Black. It is a self-empowerment follow-up song to her first single \"Friday\", addressed to the \"haters\" who criticized her previous release. The song was written and produced by Brandon \"Blue\" Hamilton and Quinton Tolbert, and co-produced by Charlton Pettus. It was released on the iTunes Store under the label RB Records as Black's second single on July 19, 2011. RB Records was established by Black herself, after disputes over ownership and distribution of her previous single, \"Friday\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Here I Am (Patty Loveless song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Here I Am\" is a song written by Tony Arata, and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless. It was released in November 1994 as the second single from her album \"When Fallen Angels Fly\". The song reached a number 4 peak in February 1995.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Hamburg Records", "paragraph_text": "Hamburg Records is a Hamburg, Germany based independent record label and artist management owned by Pyogenesis vocalist Flo V. Schwarz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Kontor Records", "paragraph_text": "Kontor Records is a record label based in Hamburg, Germany. The label's artist roster includes ATB, Ti\u00ebsto and Scooter. Jens Thele is the head manager of Kontor and is also the manager of Scooter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ellahy Amen Records", "paragraph_text": "Ellahy Amen Records is an American-French independent avant-garde record label, launched in 2002 by former Pigface member and experimental/avant-garde musician Leila Bela. The record label is based both in Paris, France and Austin, Texas, United States. Currently, the label has three artists signed to the roster.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Graeme Goodall", "paragraph_text": "Graeme Goodall (1932 \u2013 3 December 2014) was an Australian recording engineer and record label owner who was a key figure in the early days of Jamaica's recording industry, constructing several of the Island's studios, co-founding Island Records, and operating other labels in the United Kingdom releasing Jamaican music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Statiras Records", "paragraph_text": "Statiras Records is a sub-label of Progressive Records which Progressive founder Gus Statiras launched in the 1980s that recorded jazz musical artists for release on LP and CD.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Whiskey River", "paragraph_text": "\"Whiskey River\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Johnny Bush. He released the song in 1972 through RCA Victor and included it on his album \"Whiskey River\". Bush later re-recorded the song in 1981 and released it through the Delta label, with \"When My Conscience Hurts the Most\" on the b-side.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Voices of Wonder", "paragraph_text": "Voices of Wonder aka Voice of Wonder Records was one of the most important rock record labels in Oslo, Norway in the early 1990s. The label was fronted by a small and intimate record store on Olaf Ryes plass, which in addition to the labels own artists specialized in the English Earache Records and the American Sub Pop labels.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Jive Records", "paragraph_text": "Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and early 2000s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "No Ordinary Girl", "paragraph_text": "No Ordinary Girl is the debut album by Jordan Pruitt, released in the United States on February 6, 2007 by Hollywood Records. The album debuted and peaked at number sixty-four on the \"Billboard\" 200 with 14,000 copies sold in its first week and to date has sold 187,887 in the United States. This album had moderate success because of the songs included in the Disney Channel movies \"Read It and Weep\" and \"Jump In\". Pruitt supported the album with \"The Cheetah Girls The Party's Just Begun Tour\" and \"\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Big Blue Note", "paragraph_text": "\"Big Blue Note\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in September 2005 as the third and final single from Keith's album \"Honkytonk University\". It peaked at number 5 on the United States country charts. Partway through the single's release, DreamWorks Records closed its country division, so Keith promoted the album via his own label, Show Dog Nashville. Keith wrote the song with Scotty Emerick.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the record label of the co-writer and recording artist of Permission to Fly?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 142621, "question": "Which artist is Permission to Fly co-written and recorded by?", "answer": "Jordan Pruitt", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 225454, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Hollywood Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "Hollywood Records", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1416}
{"id": "2hop__38828_89399", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water", "paragraph_text": "Tom Kenny as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants / The Invincibubble and Gary the Snail Antonio Banderas as Burger Beard the Pirate Clancy Brown as the voice of Mr. Krabs / Sir Pinch - a-Lot, SpongeBob and Squidward's boss Rodger Bumpass as the voice of Squidward Tentacles / Sour Note, SpongeBob's coworker Bill Fagerbakke as the voice of Patrick Star / Mr. Superawesomeness, SpongeBob's neighbor and best friend Mr. Lawrence as the voice of Plankton / Plank - Ton, Mr. Krabs' arch - rival and Karen's husband Jill Talley as the voice of Karen, Plankton's sentient computer sidekick and wife Carolyn Lawrence as the voice of Sandy Cheeks / The Rodent, a squirrel from Texas Mary Jo Catlett as the voice of Mrs. Puff, SpongeBob's boating school teacher Lori Alan as the voice of Pearl Krabs, a teenage whale who is Mr. Krabs' daughter Matt Berry as the voice of Bubbles, a time - traveling dolphin Riki Lindhome and Kate Micucci as the voices of Popsicles Dee Bradley Baker as the voice of Perch Perkins and other fish characters Nolan North as the voice of Pigeon Cabbie Paul Tibbitt (US), Joe Sugg (UK) and Robert Irwin (Australia) as the voice of Kyle the Seagull Peter Shukoff as Painty the Pirate", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes", "paragraph_text": "Since its debut on May 1, 1999, SpongeBob SquarePants has broadcast 234 episodes, and its eleventh season premiered on June 24, 2017. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, a feature - length film, was released in theaters on November 19, 2004 and grossed over US $140 million worldwide. Atlantis SquarePantis, a television film guest starring David Bowie, debuted as part of the fifth season. In 2009, Nickelodeon celebrated the show's tenth anniversary with Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants and SpongeBob's Truth or Square. The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water, a stand - alone sequel, was released in theaters on February 6, 2015 and grossed over US $324 million worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Clancy Brown", "paragraph_text": "Clarence J. ``Clancy ''Brown III (born January 5, 1959) is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles as the Kurgan in the fantasy film Highlander (1986), Captain Byron Hadley in the prison drama film The Shawshank Redemption (1994) and Brother Justin Crowe in the television series Carniv\u00e0le (2003 -- 2005). Brown has also provided his voice to many films, television series, and video games, including Lex Luthor in various media, Doctor Neo Cortex in the Crash Bandicoot video game series, and Mr. Krabs in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of SpongeBob SquarePants cast members", "paragraph_text": "Actor Character (s) Tom Kenny SpongeBob SquarePants Gary the Snail French Narrator Hans Patchy the Pirate Harold SquarePants Dirty Bubble Grandpa SquarePants Other miscellaneous characters Clancy Brown Mr. Krabs Other miscellaneous characters Rodger Bumpass Squidward Tentacles Other miscellaneous characters Bill Fagerbakke Patrick Star Other miscellaneous characters Mr. Lawrence Plankton Potty the Parrot Realistic Fish Head Larry the Lobster Other miscellaneous characters Jill Talley Karen Other miscellaneous characters Carolyn Lawrence Sandy Cheeks Other miscellaneous characters Mary Jo Catlett Mrs. Puff Other miscellaneous characters Lori Alan Pearl Other miscellaneous characters", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1)", "paragraph_text": "The first season of the American animated television sitcom SpongeBob SquarePants, created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired on Nickelodeon from May 1, 1999 to April 8, 2000, and consists of 20 episodes. The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The show features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett, and Lori Alan. Among the first guest stars to appear on the show were Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway voicing the superhero characters of Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy, respectively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1)", "paragraph_text": "The first season of the American animated television sitcom SpongeBob SquarePants, created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired from May 1, 1999 to April 8, 2000, and consists of 20 episodes. The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The show features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett, and Lori Alan. Among the first guest stars to appear on the show were Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway voicing the superhero characters of Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy, respectively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water", "paragraph_text": "Tom Kenny as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants / The Invincibubble and Gary the Snail Clancy Brown as the voice of Mr. Krabs / Sir Pinch - a-Lot, SpongeBob and Squidward's boss Rodger Bumpass as the voice of Squidward Tentacles / Sour Note, SpongeBob's coworker Bill Fagerbakke as the voice of Patrick Star / Mr. Superawesomeness, SpongeBob's neighbor and best friend Mr. Lawrence as the voice of Plankton / Plank - Ton, Mr. Krabs' arch - rival and Karen's husband Jill Talley as the voice of Karen, Plankton's sentient computer sidekick and wife Carolyn Lawrence as the voice of Sandy Cheeks / The Rodent, a squirrel from Texas Mary Jo Catlett as the voice of Mrs. Puff, SpongeBob's boating school teacher Lori Alan as the voice of Pearl Krabs, a teenage whale who is Mr. Krabs' daughter Antonio Banderas as Burger Beard, the pirate who stole the Krabby Patty formula Matt Berry as the voice of Bubbles, a time - traveling dolphin Riki Lindhome and Kate Micucci as the voices of Popsicles Dee Bradley Baker as the voice of Perch Perkins and other fish characters Nolan North as the voice of Pigeon Cabbie Paul Tibbitt (US), Joe Sugg (UK) and Robert Irwin (Australia) as the voice of Kyle the Seagull Peter Shukoff as Painty the Pirate", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water", "paragraph_text": "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water is a 2015 American 3D live-action/animated absurdist comedy film based on the animated television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\". A stand-alone sequel to \"The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie\" (2004), it was directed by former series showrunner Paul Tibbitt in his directorial debut, with live-action sequences directed by Mike Mitchell. It was the first film to be produced by Paramount Animation and the second film in the \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" film series. The film stars Antonio Banderas and features the show's regular voice cast, who returned to reprise their respective roles from the series and the previous film. The plot follows a pirate named Burger Beard, who steals the Krabby Patty secret formula using a magical book that makes any text written upon it come true. SpongeBob and his friends must travel to the surface to confront Burger Beard and get the formula back.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "SpongeBob SquarePants", "paragraph_text": "Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards. The series officially premiered on July 17, 1999. It has received worldwide critical acclaim since its premiere and gained enormous popularity by its second season. A feature film, The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, was released in theaters on November 19, 2004, and a sequel was released on February 6, 2015. In 2017, the series began airing its eleventh season and was renewed for a twelfth season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mary Jo Catlett", "paragraph_text": "Mary Jo Catlett (born September 2, 1938) is an American actress. She is notable for her role as housekeeper Pearl Gallagher on the television sitcom Diff'rent Strokes, and currently for her role as Mrs. Puff in SpongeBob SquarePants, which she has held since the show's debut.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie", "paragraph_text": "The film's trailer was released on May 19, 2004, and was attached to Shrek 2. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie opened in theaters on November 19, 2004; its yellow - carpet world premiere was at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood on November 14, 2004. Among celebrities who saw the premiere with their children were Ray Romano, Larry King, Ice Cube, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation's Gary Dourdan and Friends' Lisa Kudrow. The carpet was a disturbing reminder of home for Tom Kenny, SpongeBob's voice actor; he said, ``I have a 15 - month - old daughter, so I'm no stranger to yellow carpets. ''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "There are more than 100 freshwater fish species, varying from the giant European catfish (in the Tagus International Natural Park) to some small and endemic species that live only in small lakes (along the western portion of country, for example). Some of these rare and specific species are highly endangered because of habitat loss, pollution and drought. Up-welling along the west coast of Portugal makes the sea extremely rich in nutrients and diverse species of marine fish; the Portuguese marine waters are one of the richest in the world. Marine fish species are more common, and include thousands of species, such as the sardine (Sardina pilchardus), tuna and Atlantic mackerel. Bioluminescent species are also well represented (including species in different colour spectrum and forms), like the glowing plankton that are possible to observe in some beaches.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Mr. Lawrence", "paragraph_text": "Douglas Lawrence Osowski, credited as Mr. Lawrence and sometimes Doug Lawrence, is an American voice actor, writer, director, comedian, and storyboard artist. He is known for his work as a writer and actor for the animated series Rocko's Modern Life and SpongeBob SquarePants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Chocolate with Nuts", "paragraph_text": "``Chocolate with Nuts ''is the 12th episode in the third season, and the 52nd overall episode of American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. It is written by the storyboard directors, Paul Tibbitt and Kaz, alongside Kent Osborne and Merriwether Williams, with Andrew Overtoom serving as animation director. It was produced in 2001 and aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on June 1, 2002. In this episode, SpongeBob and Patrick become entrepreneurs in an attempt to live the fancy life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Iberian frog", "paragraph_text": "The Iberian frog,Iberian stream frog or rana patilarga (\"Rana iberica\") is a species of frog in the family Ranidae found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitats are rivers, mountain streams and swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss, introduced species, climate change, water contamination, and increased ultraviolet radiation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Hilo March", "paragraph_text": "Hilo March is a well known Hawaiian song and a popular song covered by musicians, Polynesian and non-Polynesian alike. It was written by Joseph Kapeau Ae`a and originally was called \"Ke Ala Tuberose\". It also used as the soundtrack in \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" (Composed by The Hawaiian Serenaders as \"Hilo March\", and Composed by Kapono Beamer as \"Old Hilo March\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Lori Alan", "paragraph_text": "Lori Alan is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Lori Alan", "paragraph_text": "Lori Alan (born July 18, 1966) is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Derek Drymon", "paragraph_text": "Derek Drymon (born November 19, 1968) is an American writer, storyboard artist, television director, executive producer, and supervising producer. He has worked on numerous animated cartoon productions of the 1990s and 2000s, best known for his work on \"Rocko's Modern Life\", \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" and \"Adventure Time\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Bill Fagerbakke", "paragraph_text": "William Mark Fagerbakke (/ \u02c8fe\u026a\u0261\u0259rb\u0251\u02d0ki /; born October 4, 1957) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for his long - running roles as Patrick Star in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants and Michael ``Dauber ''Dybinski on the sitcom Coach. He also appeared in 12 episodes of the sitcom How I Met Your Mother as Marshall Eriksen's father Marvin.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who voices the character in Spongebob Squarepants who is named after a glowing species found in some beaches in Portugal?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 38828, "question": "What type of glowing species can be found on some beaches in Portugal?", "answer": "plankton", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 89399, "question": "who does #1 's voice in spongebob squarepants", "answer": "Mr. Lawrence", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "Mr. Lawrence", "answer_aliases": ["Doug Lawrence"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2701}
{"id": "2hop__587048_621800", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Skyscraper (2018 film)", "paragraph_text": "As of August 28, 2018, Skyscraper has grossed $67.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $225.9 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $293.1 million, against a production budget of $125 million.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Senica District", "paragraph_text": "Senica District (\"okres Senica\") is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. The district is relatively rich in natural resources oil, gas, lignite. It is industrial district, in the late period had been established here new industrial facilities. Senica District in its present borders had been established in 1996. Administrative, cultural and economic center is its seat and largest town Senica. In Senica District is located spa Smrd\u00e1ky and of cultural importance is also basilica in \u0160a\u0161t\u00edn.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries", "paragraph_text": "Sant Mart\u00ed d'Emp\u00faries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Emp\u00faries or Emp\u00f2rion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Emp\u00faries moved to Castell\u00f3 d'Emp\u00faries place less exposed to attack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again", "paragraph_text": "As of October 11, 2018, Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again has grossed $120.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $272.2 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $392.8 million, against a production budget of $75 million.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "British nationality law", "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Reuss-Ebersdorf", "paragraph_text": "Following the death of Count Heinrich X of Reuss-Lobenstein in 1671, Reuss-Lobenstein was ruled jointly by his three sons Heinrich III, Heinrich VIII and Heinrich X. In 1678 Reuss-Lobenstein was partitioned with Heinrich III remaining Count of Reuss-Lobenstein, Heinrich VIII becoming Count of Reuss-Hirschberg and Heinrich X becoming the Count of Reuss-Ebersdorf.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Ocean's 8", "paragraph_text": "After premiering at Alice Tully Hall in New York City on June 5, 2018, Ocean's 8 was released by Warner Bros. to theaters in North America on June 8. Ocean's 8 grossed $139.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $157.5 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $296.9 million, against a production budget of $70 million.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "A Sunday in Kigali", "paragraph_text": "\"A Sunday in Kigali\" grossed $1.1 million Canadian in Quebec in the fall of 2006, and is set for September 23 release in English-speaking Canada. Video and cable are the best options in other territories.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay \u2013 Part 2", "paragraph_text": "Mockingjay -- Part 2 was released on November 20, 2015 in the United States, in 2D and IMAX, and internationally in 2D, 3D, RealD Cinema, and IMAX 3D in select territories; it is the only film in the series widely released in 3D. Falling below expectations internationally and domestically with a $102.7 million gross during its opening weekend in North America, the film had the sixth - biggest opening in 2015, but held at number one at the international box office for four consecutive weekends. The film grossed over $653 million worldwide, making it the ninth highest - grossing film of 2015 and the lowest - grossing of the four films in the franchise, but still a commercial success.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Heinrich Gross (rabbi)", "paragraph_text": "Heinrich Gross, writing also as Henri Gross (born Szenicz, Hungarian Kingdom, now Senica, Slovakia, November 6, 1835; died 1910), was a German rabbi. He was a pupil in rabbinical literature of Judah Aszod.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "German military administration in occupied France during World War II", "paragraph_text": "Military Administration in France Milit\u00e4rverwaltung in Frankreich Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne 1940 -- 1944 Flag Emblem German (pink) and Italian (green) occupation zones of France: the zone occup\u00e9e, the zone libre, the zone interdite, the Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France, and annexed Alsace - Lorraine. Status Territory under German military administration Capital Paris Military Commander 1940 -- 1942 Otto von St\u00fclpnagel 1942 -- 1944 Carl - Heinrich von St\u00fclpnagel 1944 Karl Kitzinger Historical era World War II Second Compi\u00e8gne armistice 22 June 1940 Case Anton 11 November 1942 Liberation of Paris 25 August 1944 Preceded by Succeeded by French Third Republic Provisional Government of the French Republic", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Heinrich Mann Prize", "paragraph_text": "The Heinrich Mann Prize () is an essay prize that has been awarded since 1953, first by the East German Academy of Arts, then by the Academy of Arts, Berlin. The prize, which comes with a \u20ac8,000 purse, is given annually on 27 March, Heinrich Mann's day of birth. The laureate is selected by an independent three-member jury which usually includes the previous year's laureate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Italian Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What administrative territorial entity does Heinrich Gross's birth place located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 587048, "question": "Heinrich Gross >> place of birth", "answer": "Senica", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 621800, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Senica District", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "Senica District", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2259}
{"id": "2hop__86458_20273", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The biggest Presbyterian church is the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico (Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de M\u00e9xico), which has around 2,500,000 members and associates and 3000 congregations, but there are other small denominations like the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico which was founded in 1875 by the Associate Reformed Church in North America. The Independent Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Reformed Church in Mexico, the National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico are existing churches in the Reformed tradition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "First Presbyterian Church (Trenton, New Jersey)", "paragraph_text": "First Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 120 East State Street in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government, which is governed by representative assemblies of elders. Many Reformed churches are organized this way, but the word \"Presbyterian,\" when capitalized, is often applied uniquely to the churches that trace their roots to the Scottish and English churches that bore that name and English political groups that formed during the English Civil War. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ. Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707 which created the kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, and the Presbyterian denomination was also taken to North America mostly by Scots and Scots-Irish immigrants. The Presbyterian denominations in Scotland hold to the theology of John Calvin and his immediate successors, although there are a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism. Local congregations of churches which use presbyterian polity are governed by sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders); a conciliar approach which is found at other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod and general assembly).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterianism is the largest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland and the second largest on the island of Ireland (after the Anglican Church of Ireland),[citation needed] and was brought by Scottish plantation settlers to Ulster who had been strongly encouraged to emigrate by James VI of Scotland, later James I of England. An estimated 100,000 Scottish Presbyterians moved to the northern counties of Ireland between 1607 and the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.[citation needed] The Presbytery of Ulster was formed in 1642 separately from the established Anglican Church. Presbyterians, along with Roman Catholics in Ulster and the rest of Ireland, suffered under the discriminatory Penal Laws until they were revoked in the early 19th century. Presbyterianism is represented in Ireland by the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, the Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland, the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form of government. However, legislation by the United Kingdom parliament allowing patronage led to splits in the Church. In 1733, a group of ministers seceded from the Church of Scotland to form the Associate Presbytery, another group seceded in 1761 to form the Relief Church and the Disruption of 1843 led to the formation of the Free Church of Scotland. Further splits took place, especially over theological issues, but most Presbyterians in Scotland were reunited by 1929 union of the established Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "First Presbyterian Church (Napoleon, Ohio)", "paragraph_text": "First Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the city of Napoleon, Ohio, United States. Located at 303 W. Washington Street, it has been recognized as a historic site because of its unusual architecture.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th - century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman and a Roman Catholic Priest, who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland. He brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In 1972, the Presbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales to form the United Reformed Church (URC). Among the congregations the PCofE brought to the URC were Tunley (Lancashire), Aston Tirrold (Oxfordshire) and John Knox Presbyterian Church, Stepney, London (now part of Stepney Meeting House URC) \u2013 these are among the sole survivors today of the English Presbyterian churches of the 17th century. The URC also has a presence in Scotland, mostly of former Congregationalist Churches. Two former Presbyterian congregations, St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford (founded as a chaplaincy by the PCofE and the Church of Scotland in 1908 and as a congregation of the PCofE in 1929), continue as congregations of the URC and university chaplaincies of the Church of Scotland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. Each church then sends representatives or commissioners to presbyteries and further to a general assembly. Each greater level of assembly has ruling authority over its constituent members. In this governmental structure, each component has some level of sovereignty over itself. As in political federalism, in presbyterian ecclesiology there is shared sovereignty.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Among the paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, in which some Presbyterians are involved, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown to such vestments as the alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice (typically a full length Old English style surplice which resembles the Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old Gallican Rite), which some, particularly those identifying with the Liturgical Renewal Movement, hold to be more ancient and representative of a more ecumenical past.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterianism first officially arrived in Colonial America in 1703 with the establishment of the first Presbytery in Philadelphia. In time, the presbytery would be joined by two more to form a synod (1717) and would eventually evolve into the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1789. The nation's largest Presbyterian denomination, the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) \u2013 PC (USA) \u2013 can trace their heritage back to the original PCUSA, as can the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC), the Bible Presbyterian Church (BPC), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (CPC), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America the Evangelical Presbyterian Church (EPC) and the Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians (ECO).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In Brazil, the Presbyterian Church of Brazil (Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil) totals approximately 1,011,300 members; other Presbyterian churches (Independents, United, Conservatives, Renovated, etc.) in this nation have around 350,000 members. The Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil was influenced by the charismatic movement and has about 131\u202f000 members as of 2011. The Conservative Presbyterian Church was founded in 1940 and has eight presbyteries. The Fundamentalist Presbyterian church in Brazil was influenced by Karl McIntosh and the Bible Presbyterian church USA and has around 1\u202f800 members. The Independent Presbyterian Church in Brasil was founded in 1903 by pastor Pereira, has 500 congregations and 75\u202f000 members. The United Presbyterian Church in Brazil has around 4\u202f000 members. There are also ethnic Korean Presbyterian churches in the country. The Evangelical Reformed Church in Brazil has Dutch origin. The Reformed Churches in Brazil were recently founded by the Canadian Reformed Churches with the Reformed Church in the Netherlands (liberated).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Mehrete Yesus Evangelical Presbyterian Church", "paragraph_text": "The Mehrete Yesus Evangelical Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the town of Asmara, Eritrea in 1995. \"Mahrete yesus\" means Compassion of Jesus. The church endured much turmoil. A Seminary was also founded.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon \"Plan of Union of 1801\" for frontier areas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "John Knox (1505\u20131572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Newtown Presbyterian Church", "paragraph_text": "Newtown Presbyterian Church, also known as Old Presbyterian Church of Newtown, is a historic Presbyterian church complex and national historic district in Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "A number of new Presbyterian Churches were founded by Scottish immigrants to England in the 19th century and later. Following the 'Disruption' in 1843 many of those linked to the Church of Scotland eventually joined what became the Presbyterian Church of England in 1876. Some, that is Crown Court (Covent Garden, London), St Andrew's (Stepney, London) and Swallow Street (London), did not join the English denomination, which is why there are Church of Scotland congregations in England such as those at Crown Court, and St Columba's, Pont Street (Knightsbridge) in London. There is also a congregation in the heart of London's financial district called London City Presbyterian Church that is also affiliated with Free Church of Scotland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In Canada, the largest Presbyterian denomination \u2013 and indeed the largest Protestant denomination \u2013 was the Presbyterian Church in Canada, formed in 1875 with the merger of four regional groups. In 1925, the United Church of Canada was formed by the majority of Presbyterians combining with the Methodist Church, Canada, and the Congregational Union of Canada. A sizable minority of Canadian Presbyterians, primarily in southern Ontario but also throughout the entire nation, withdrew, and reconstituted themselves as a non-concurring continuing Presbyterian body. They regained use of the original name in 1939.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "South Park Community Church", "paragraph_text": "The South Park Community Church is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church building located at 600 Hathaway Street in Fairplay, Park County, Colorado. Built in 1874, the church was founded by Presbyterian missionary Sheldon Jackson. Its board and batten siding and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic churches. Originally the Sheldon Jackson Memorial Chapel, the structure is now the South Park Community (Presbyterian) Church.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In what year did the founder of the Presbyterian Church die?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 86458, "question": "who was the founder of the presbyterian church", "answer": "John Knox", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 20273, "question": "What year did #1 past away?", "answer": "1572", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}], "answer": "1572", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2912}
{"id": "2hop__609313_20273", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "National Monument of Scotland", "paragraph_text": "The National Monument of Scotland, on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, is Scotland's national memorial to the Scottish soldiers and sailors who died fighting in the Napoleonic Wars. It was intended, according to the inscription, to be \"A Memorial of the Past and Incentive to the Future Heroism of the Men of Scotland\".The monument dominates the top of Calton Hill, just to the east of Princes Street. It was designed during 1823-6 by Charles Robert Cockerell and William Henry Playfair and is modelled upon the Parthenon in Athens. Construction started in 1826 and, due to the lack of funds, was left unfinished in 1829. This circumstance gave rise to various nicknames such as \"Scotland's Folly\", \"Edinburgh's Disgrace\", \"the Pride and Poverty of Scotland\" and \"Edinburgh's Folly\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Catholic Church in England and Wales", "paragraph_text": "The English Church was brought back under papal authority in 1553 and doctrinal and liturgical conformity at the beginning of the reign of Queen Mary I. The restoration of papal authority was celebrated by the majority of the nation and enforced by the Marian persecutions against Protestants. Her harshness was a success but at the cost of alienating a fairly large section of English society which had been moving away from some traditional Catholic devotional practices. The English it seems were quite caught up with the reforming movement on the Continent. At the time they were neither Calvinist nor Lutheran, but certainly leaning toward Protestantism (and by the late 16th century, were certainly Protestant).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The History of the Reformation in Scotland", "paragraph_text": "The History of the Reformation in Scotland is a five-volume book written by the Scottish reformer, John Knox, between 1559 and 1566.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "George Washington Sprott", "paragraph_text": "George Washington Sprott (6 March 1829 \u2013 27 October 1909) was Scottish minister and liturgical scholar, known as an advocate of reform of the services of the Church of Scotland, and of its reunion with the Free Church of Scotland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Church of Scotland", "paragraph_text": "While the Church of Scotland traces its roots back to the earliest Christians in Scotland, its identity was principally shaped by the Scottish Reformation of 1560. At that point, many in the then church in Scotland broke with Rome, in a process of Protestant reform led, among others, by John Knox. It reformed its doctrines and government, drawing on the principles of John Calvin which Knox had been exposed to while living in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1560, an assembly of some nobles, lairds and burgesses, as well as several churchmen, claiming in defiance of the Queen to be a Scottish Parliament, abolished papal jurisdiction and approved the Scots Confession, but did not accept many of the principles laid out in Knox's First Book of Discipline, which argued, among other things, that all of the assets of the old church should pass to the new. The 1560 Reformation Settlement was not ratified by the crown, as Mary I, a Catholic, refused to do so, and the question of church government also remained unresolved. In 1572 the acts of 1560 were finally approved by the young James VI, but the Concordat of Leith also allowed the crown to appoint bishops with the church's approval. John Knox himself had no clear views on the office of bishop, preferring to see them renamed as 'superintendents' which is a translation of the Greek; but in response to the new Concordat a Presbyterian party emerged headed by Andrew Melville, the author of the Second Book of Discipline.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Frederick Jackson Turner Award", "paragraph_text": "The Frederick Jackson Turner Award, is given each year by the Organization of American Historians for an author's first book on American history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Supreme court", "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 with effect from 1 October 2009, replacing and assuming the judicial functions of the House of Lords. Devolution issues under the Scotland Act 1998, Government of Wales Act and Northern Ireland Act were also transferred to the new Supreme Court by the Constitutional Reform Act, from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Pub", "paragraph_text": "Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon \"Plan of Union of 1801\" for frontier areas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "In the view of many associated with the Radical Reformation, the Magisterial Reformation had not gone far enough. Radical Reformer, Andreas von Bodenstein Karlstadt, for example, referred to the Lutheran theologians at Wittenberg as the \"new papists\". Since the term \"magister\" also means \"teacher\", the Magisterial Reformation is also characterized by an emphasis on the authority of a teacher. This is made evident in the prominence of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli as leaders of the reform movements in their respective areas of ministry. Because of their authority, they were often criticized by Radical Reformers as being too much like the Roman Popes. A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The British Isles lie at the juncture of several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building. These orogenic belts form a complex geology that records a huge and varied span of Earth's history. Of particular note was the Caledonian Orogeny during the Ordovician Period, c. 488\u2013444 Ma and early Silurian period, when the craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia to form the mountains and hills in northern Britain and Ireland. Baltica formed roughly the northwestern half of Ireland and Scotland. Further collisions caused the Variscan orogeny in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, forming the hills of Munster, southwest England, and southern Wales. Over the last 500 million years the land that forms the islands has drifted northwest from around 30\u00b0S, crossing the equator around 370 million years ago to reach its present northern latitude.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland. It resulted in joint study groups of several issues. The dialogue with the Methodist Church began October 1965, after its representatives officially applauded remarkable changes, friendship and cooperation of the past five years. The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church. The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph. Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life. He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th - century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman and a Roman Catholic Priest, who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland. He brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "John Knox (1505\u20131572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969\u201370 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their \"lucky\" yellow and blue strip, which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982\u201383. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Crumbling Idols", "paragraph_text": "Crumbling Idols is a collection of 12 essays written and completed by Hamlin Garland in 1894. Garland was one of the most prominent American authors of the early 20th century, and contributed heavily to the literary movement known as American Realism. His work, \"Crumbling Idols\", expresses his views and manifesto as a veritist (realist) artist. In it, he repeatedly emphasizes the importance of a uniquely American literature, one that breaks away from tradition and the past and focuses on the present in order to depict reality through the artists own eyes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Heresy", "paragraph_text": "In his work \"On the Jews and Their Lies\" (1543), German Reformation leader Martin Luther claims that Jewish history was \"assailed by much heresy\", and that Christ the logos swept away the Jewish heresy and goes on to do so, \"as it still does daily before our eyes.\" He stigmatizes Jewish Prayer as being \"blasphemous\" (sic) and a lie, and vilifies Jews in general as being spiritually \"blind\" and \"surely possessed by all devils.\" Luther calls the members of the Orthodox Catholic Church \"papists\" and heretics, and has a special spiritual problem with Jewish circumcision.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "National Museum of Scotland", "paragraph_text": "The National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new Museum of Scotland, with collections relating to Scottish antiquities, culture and history, and the adjacent Royal Museum (so renamed in 1995), with collections covering science and technology, natural history, and world cultures. The two connected buildings stand beside each other on Chambers Street, by the intersection with the George IV Bridge, in central Edinburgh. The museum is part of National Museums Scotland. Admission is free.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Tenancy deposit schemes (Scotland)", "paragraph_text": "The Tenancy Deposit Schemes (Scotland) Regulations 2011 came into force on 7 March 2011. Every landlord or letting agent that receives a deposit in Scotland must register with their local authority and join a tenancy deposit scheme.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What year did the author of History of the Reformation in Scotland die?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 609313, "question": "History of the Reformation in Scotland >> author", "answer": "John Knox", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 20273, "question": "What year did #1 past away?", "answer": "1572", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "1572", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2726}
{"id": "2hop__799936_20273", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Women's bowls in Australia", "paragraph_text": "The first women's bowls match played in Australia took place in Stawell, Victoria in October 1881. The first women's only bowls club was not created for another seventeen years, when the Rainsford Bowls Club was created on 16 December 1898 at the home of J. Rainsford Needham, who lived in Glenferrie, Victoria. The first women's bowls association was created in September 1907. The association was called the Victorian Ladies' Bowling Association, and was created by six Melbourne, Victoria based clubs. It was the first women's bowling association created the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Veterans Memorial Soccer Complex", "paragraph_text": "Hoops Family Field at Veterans Memorial Soccer Complex is a 1,006-capacity soccer-specific stadium in Huntington, West Virginia where it is the home of Marshall University's men and women soccer teams. It was built on the former site of the Veterans Memorial Fieldhouse, which was demolished in order to build the stadium. An inaugural double-header took place on August 23, 2013. The men's team held a scrimmage against Marshall alumni from past years resulting in a 2\u20130 victory. The women's team faced the Campbell University Fighting Camels and won 3\u20130.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "William Amey", "paragraph_text": "Amey was 37 years old, and a lance-corporal in the 1/8th Battalion, The Royal Warwickshire Regiment, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Crumbling Idols", "paragraph_text": "Crumbling Idols is a collection of 12 essays written and completed by Hamlin Garland in 1894. Garland was one of the most prominent American authors of the early 20th century, and contributed heavily to the literary movement known as American Realism. His work, \"Crumbling Idols\", expresses his views and manifesto as a veritist (realist) artist. In it, he repeatedly emphasizes the importance of a uniquely American literature, one that breaks away from tradition and the past and focuses on the present in order to depict reality through the artists own eyes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment", "paragraph_text": "The 54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that saw extensive service in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The unit was the first African - American regiment organized in the northern states during the Civil War. Authorized by the Emancipation Proclamation, the regiment consisted of African - American enlisted men commanded by white officers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "David A. Johnston", "paragraph_text": "David Alexander Johnston (December 18, 1949 \u2013 May 18, 1980) was an American United States Geological Survey (USGS) volcanologist who was killed by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington. A principal scientist on the USGS monitoring team, Johnston was killed in the eruption while manning an observation post away on the morning of May 18, 1980. He was the first to report the eruption, transmitting \"Vancouver! Vancouver! This is it!\" before he was swept away by a lateral blast. Despite a thorough search, Johnston's body was never found, but state highway workers discovered remnants of his USGS trailer in 1993.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Francis George Miles", "paragraph_text": "He was 22 years old, and a Private in the 1/5th Battalion, The Gloucestershire Regiment, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "John Knox (1505\u20131572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Thomas Plunkett", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Plunkett (1841 - March 10, 1885) was a color bearer during the American Civil War. He carried the banner of the 21st Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry at the Battle of Fredericksburg when a cannon blast took away both of his arms and wounded him in the chest. He pressed the flag against his chest with what remained of his arms and continued until one of the color guard took the flag from him so he could retire. Both of his arms were eventually amputated, and it would take another two years for him to recover. For his actions during the battle Plunkett received the Medal of Honor. Battery Plunkett, a battery of two 4-inch rapid firing guns at Fort Warren on Georges Island in Boston Harbor (MA), was completed in 1899 and named in his honor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "John William Sayer", "paragraph_text": "He was 38 years old, and a Lance Corporal in the 8th Battalion, The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment), British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot", "paragraph_text": "The 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot was a Scottish infantry regiment of the British Army, active from 1689 to 1881. Although the regiment took the name of its first colonel as The Earl of Angus's Regiment, it became popularly known as The Cameronians until 1751, when it was ranked as the 26th Foot. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 90th Regiment of Foot (Perthshire Volunteers) to form the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) in 1881. The Cameronians were themselves disbanded in 1968, meaning that no Army unit today perpetuates the lineage of the 26th Foot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Alt.music.hardcore", "paragraph_text": "Alt.music.hardcore is the tenth studio LP by punk band 7 Seconds. It is composed of the 1982 Skins, Brains, and Guts 7\" EP (1-9), the 1983 Committed for Life 7\" EP (10-16), and the 1985 Blast From the Past EP (17-18)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Phonograph record", "paragraph_text": "Contrary to popular belief, if placed properly and prepared-for, drums could be effectively used and heard on even the earliest jazz and military band recordings. The loudest instruments such as the drums and trumpets were positioned the farthest away from the collecting horn. Lillian Hardin Armstrong, a member of King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, which recorded at Gennett Records in 1923, remembered that at first Oliver and his young second trumpet, Louis Armstrong, stood next to each other and Oliver's horn could not be heard. \"They put Louis about fifteen feet over in the corner, looking all sad.\" For fading instrumental parts in and out while recording, some performers were placed on a moveable platform, which could draw the performer(s) nearer or further away as required.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Royal Dublin Fusiliers", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Dublin Fusiliers was an Irish infantry Regiment of the British Army created in 1881, one of eight Irish regiments raised and garrisoned in Ireland, with its home depot in Naas. The Regiment was created by the amalgamation of two British Army regiments in India, the Royal Bombay Fusiliers and Royal Madras Fusiliers, with Dublin and Kildare militia units as part of the Childers Reforms that created larger regiments and linked them with \"Regimental Districts\". Both regular battalions of the Regiment fought in the Second Boer War. In the First World War, a further six battalions were raised and the regiment saw action on the Western Front, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. In the course of the war three Victoria Cross were awarded.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "David Bascome", "paragraph_text": "David Bascome started his First Division soccer career at the age of 16 with North Village Rams in Bermuda. At 20 years of age, he signed his first professional contract with the Harrisburg Heat of the National Professional Soccer League, USA. After 13 seasons of professional indoor soccer, Bascome won his first Championship during his 2003\u20132004 campaign with the Baltimore Blast.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "6th Guards Motor Rifle Division", "paragraph_text": "In an exchange of numbers, the 6th Guards Lvov Motor Rifle Division (First Formation) in Germany in 1985 became the 90th Guards Tank Division, while the 90th Guards Tank Division became the 6th Guards Motor Rifle Division. The division in Poland disbanded a tank regiment and formed a motor rifle regiment, while the division in Germany formed a tank regiment.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Pregnancy over age 50", "paragraph_text": "The oldest mother to date to conceive, was 71 years, and the youngest mother, 5 years old. According to statistics from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, in the UK more than 20 babies are born to women over age 50 per year through in - vitro fertilization with the use of donor oocytes (eggs).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Jack Thomas Counter", "paragraph_text": "He was 19 years old, and a private in the 1st Battalion, The King's (Liverpool) Regiment, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Diana E. H. Russell", "paragraph_text": "Diana E. H. Russell (born 6 November 1938) is a feminist writer and activist. Born and raised in Cape Town, South Africa, she moved to England in 1957, and then to the United States in 1961. For the past 45 years she has been engaged in research on sexual violence against women and girls. She has written numerous books and articles on rape, including marital rape, femicide, incest, misogynist murders of women, and pornography. For \"The Secret Trauma\", she was co-recipient of the 1986 C. Wright Mills Award. She was also the recipient of the 2001 Humanist Heroine Award from the American Humanist Association. She was also an organizer of the First International Tribunal on Crimes against Women, in Brussels in March 1976.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women", "paragraph_text": "The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women is a polemical work by the Scottish reformer John Knox, published in 1558. It attacks female monarchs, arguing that rule by females is contrary to the Bible.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "What year did the author of The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women die?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 799936, "question": "The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women >> author", "answer": "John Knox", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 20273, "question": "What year did #1 past away?", "answer": "1572", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "1572", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2116}
{"id": "2hop__13986_161674", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Third Crusade", "paragraph_text": "Richard had intended to return to England when he heard the news that Saladin and his army had captured Jaffa. Richard and a small force of little more than 2,000 men went to Jaffa by sea in a surprise attack. Richard's forces stormed Jaffa from their ships and the Ayyubids, who had been unprepared for a naval attack, were driven from the city. Richard freed those of the Crusader garrison who had been made prisoner, and these troops helped to reinforce the numbers of his army. Saladin's army still had numerical superiority, however, and they counter-attacked. Saladin intended a stealthy surprise attack at dawn, but his forces were discovered; he proceeded with his attack, but his men were lightly armoured and lost 700 men killed due to the missiles of the large numbers of Crusader crossbowmen. The battle to retake Jaffa ended in complete failure for Saladin, who was forced to retreat. This battle greatly strengthened the position of the coastal Crusader states.On 2 September 1192, following his defeat at Jaffa, Saladin was forced to finalize a treaty with Richard providing that Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, while allowing unarmed Christian pilgrims and traders to visit the city. Ascalon was a contentious issue as it threatened communication between Saladin's dominions in Egypt and Syria; it was eventually agreed that Ascalon, with its defences demolished, be returned to Saladin's control. Richard departed the Holy Land on 9 October 1192.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Newsnight", "paragraph_text": "\"Newsnight\" began on 28 January 1980 at 10.45pm, although a 15 min news bulletin using the same title had run on BBC2 for a 13 month period from 1975 - 1976. Its launch was delayed by four months by the Association of Broadcasting Staff, at the time the main BBC trade union. \"Newsnight\" was the first programme to be made by means of a direct collaboration between BBC News, then at Television Centre, and the current affairs department, based a short distance away at the now defunct Lime Grove Studios. Staff feared job cuts. The newscast also served as a replacement for the current affairs programme \"Tonight\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "I Don't Want to Go Back Alone", "paragraph_text": "I Don't Want to Go Back Alone () is a 2010 Brazilian short film directed by Daniel Ribeiro. The short won the 2011 Iris Prize.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang", "paragraph_text": "Ewan McGregor as Rory Green, Isabel's husband, Phil's brother and the father of the Greens, away fighting in World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sixth Crusade", "paragraph_text": "The Sixth Crusade started in 1228 as an attempt to regain Jerusalem. It began seven years after the failure of the Fifth Crusade and involved very little actual fighting. The diplomatic maneuvering of the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily, Frederick II, resulted in the Kingdom of Jerusalem regaining some control over Jerusalem for much of the ensuing fifteen years (1229\u201339, 1241\u201344) as well as over other areas of the Holy Land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "New Britain campaign", "paragraph_text": "Initial fighting on New Britain took place around the western end of the island in December 1943 and January 1944, with US forces landing and securing bases around Arawe and Cape Gloucester. This was followed by a further landing in March 1944 around Talasea, after which little fighting took place between the ground forces on the island. In October 1944, Australian forces took over from the US troops and undertook a Landing at Jacquinot Bay the following month, before beginning a limited offensive to secure a defensive line across the island between Wide Bay and Open Bay behind which they contained the numerically greatly superior Japanese forces for the remainder of the war. The Japanese regarded the New Britain Campaign as a delaying action, and kept their forces concentrated around Rabaul in expectation of a ground assault which never came.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War", "paragraph_text": "On 15 May 1948, the ongoing civil war transformed into an inter-state conflict between Israel and the Arab states, following the Israeli Declaration of Independence the previous day. A combined invasion by Egypt, Jordan and Syria, together with expeditionary forces from Iraq, entered Palestine -- Jordan having declared privately to Yishuv emissaries on 2 May that it would abide by a decision not to attack the Jewish state. The invading forces took control of the Arab areas and immediately attacked Israeli forces and several Jewish settlements. The 10 months of fighting, interrupted by several truce periods, took place mostly on the former territory of the British Mandate and for a short time also in the Sinai Peninsula and southern Lebanon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Cycle of the Werewolf", "paragraph_text": "Cycle of the Werewolf is a short horror novel by American writer Stephen King, featuring illustrations by comic-book artist Bernie Wrightson. Each chapter is a short story unto itself. It tells the story of a werewolf haunting a small town as the moon turns full once every month. It was published as a limited-edition hardcover in 1983 by Land of Enchantment, and in 1985 as a mass-market trade paperback by Signet. King also wrote the screenplay for its film adaptation, \"Silver Bullet\" (1985).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Francesco Suriano", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Suriano (1445-after 1481) was an Italian friar of the Franciscan order, who wrote a guide for travel to the Holy Land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mahapurush", "paragraph_text": "Mahapurush (), or The Holy Man, is a 1965 film directed by Satyajit Ray, based on a short story \"Birinchibaba\" (\u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09be) by Rajshekhar Basu.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "If You Go Away", "paragraph_text": "``If You Go Away ''is an adaptation of the 1959 Jacques Brel song`` Ne me quitte pas'' with English lyrics by Rod McKuen. Created as part of a larger project to translate Brel's work, ``If You Go Away ''is considered a pop standard and has been recorded by many artists, including Greta Keller, for whom some say McKuen wrote the lyrics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Henry Hatch", "paragraph_text": "Hatch also began the tradition of retiring jersey numbers at Michigan. The first jersey Hatch retired was the No. 47 jersey worn by Bennie Oosterbaan. After Oosterbaan graduated in the 1920s, Hatch said, \"Nobody's ever going to make All-American three years running again. I'm not going to give Bennie's number out.\" As Tom Harmon finished his playing career at Michigan, Hatch decided Harmon's No. 98 jersey would join Oosterbaan's as the second to be retired. One newspaper reported: \"Ol' 98 will be folded carefully and laid away to rest in the Michigan Niche of Fame. That is the decree announced by Henry Hatch, Ann Arbor equipment manager.\" And when Harmon completed his final game, the United Press reported: \"The book was closed on number 98 today, and Equipment Manager Henry Hatch of Michigan university put it reverently away in a musty trunk beside number 47.\" The other of the four original retired numbers (see main image above) are No. 87, which belongs to Ron Kramer and No. 11, which belongs to the Wistert brothers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "England national football team", "paragraph_text": "Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the traditional red was unpopular with supporters and the England away kit remained red until 2011, when a navy blue away kit was introduced. The away kit is also sometimes worn during home matches, when a new edition has been released to promote it.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Alexios II Komnenos", "paragraph_text": "Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus () (10 September 1169October 1183) was Byzantine emperor from 1180 to 1183. He was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond of Poitiers, prince of Antioch. He was the long-awaited male heir and was named Alexius as a fulfilment of the AIMA prophecy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Henry Browne, Farmer", "paragraph_text": "Henry Browne, Farmer is an American short propaganda film produced in 1942 about African-American contributions to the war effort during World War II. It is narrated by Canada Lee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Edmund Burke", "paragraph_text": "Burke supported the war against revolutionary France, seeing Britain as fighting on the side of the royalists and \u00e9migres in a civil war, rather than fighting against the whole nation of France. Burke also supported the royalist uprising in La Vend\u00e9e, describing it on 4 November 1793 in a letter to William Windham, as \"the sole affair I have much heart in\". Burke wrote to Henry Dundas on 7 October urging him to send reinforcements there, as he viewed it as the only theatre in the war that might lead to a march on Paris. Dundas did not follow Burke's advice, however.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "History of the United States Army", "paragraph_text": "The history of the United States Army began in 1775. From its formation, the United States Army has been the primary land based part of the United States Armed Forces. The Army's main responsibility has been in fighting land battles and military occupation. The Corps of Engineers also has a major role in controlling rivers inside the United States. The Continental Army was founded in response to a need for professional soldiers in the American Revolutionary War to fight the invading British Army. Until the 1940s, the Army was relatively small in peacetime. In 1947, the Air Force became completely independent of the Army Air Forces. The Army was under the control of the War Department until 1947, and since then the Defense Department. The U.S. Army fought the Indian Wars of the 1790s, the War of 1812 (1812 -- 15), American Civil War (1861 -- 65), Spanish -- American War (1898), World War I (1917 -- 18), World War II (1941 -- 45), Korean War (1950 -- 53) and Vietnam War (1965 -- 71). Following the Cold War's end in 1991, Army has focused primarily on Western Asia, and also took part in the 1991 Gulf War and war in Iraq, and the war in Afghanistan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Catholic Church in Canada", "paragraph_text": "Catholicism arrived in Canada in 1497, when John Cabot landed on Newfoundland, raised the Venetian and Papal banners and claimed the land for his sponsor King Henry VII of England, while recognizing the religious authority of the Roman Catholic Church. A letter of John Day states that Cabot landed on 24 June 1497 and ``went ashore with a crucifix and raised banners bearing the arms of the Holy Father ''. In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded the first Catholic colony in Quebec City. In 1611, he established a fur trading post on the Island of Montreal, which later became a Catholic colony for trade and missionary activity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "J'son (comics)", "paragraph_text": "When J'son's ship crash lands on Earth, he is taken in by Meredith Quill. The two form a relationship while J'son makes repairs to his ship. Eventually, J'son is forced to leave to return home and fight in a war. He leaves, not knowing Meredith is pregnant with Peter Quill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "John, King of England", "paragraph_text": "Henry the Young King fought a short war with his brother Richard in 1183 over the status of England, Normandy and Aquitaine. Henry II moved in support of Richard, and Henry the Young King died from dysentery at the end of the campaign. With his primary heir dead, Henry rearranged the plans for the succession: Richard was to be made King of England, albeit without any actual power until the death of his father; Geoffrey would retain Brittany; and John would now become the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard. Richard refused to give up Aquitaine; Henry II was furious and ordered John, with help from Geoffrey, to march south and retake the duchy by force. The two attacked the capital of Poitiers, and Richard responded by attacking Brittany. The war ended in stalemate and a tense family reconciliation in England at the end of 1184.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "What month did the person with whom Henry fought a short war in 1183 go away from the holy land?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 13986, "question": "Who did Henry fight a short war with in 1183?", "answer": "Richard", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 161674, "question": "What month did #1 go away from the Holy Land?", "answer": "October", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}], "answer": "October", "answer_aliases": ["Oct"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2377}
{"id": "2hop__433694_20273", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Enoch Arden law", "paragraph_text": "The Enoch Arden law is a legal precedent in the United States that grants a divorce or a legal exemption so that a person can remarry, if his or her spouse has been absent without explanation for a certain number of years, typically seven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Monroe City, Indiana", "paragraph_text": "Monroe City is a town in Harrison Township, Knox County, Indiana, United States. The population was 545 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Warren, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Warren is an unincorporated community and coal town in Knox County, Kentucky, United States. It was also known as Cumberland Station.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "John Knox (1505\u20131572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Margaret Blair Young", "paragraph_text": "Margaret Blair Young (born 1955) is an American author, filmmaker, and writing instructor who taught for thirty years at Brigham Young University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Knox United Church (Saskatoon)", "paragraph_text": "Knox United Church is a designated municipal heritage building at 838 Spadina Crescent East, in the Central Business District, of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "George Wickham", "paragraph_text": "George Wickham Gender Male Occupation Officer in Colonel Forster's regiment. Income Less than 100 pounds a year. Family Spouse (s) Lydia Bennet Romantic interest (s) Georgiana Darcy Elizabeth Bennet Mary King", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Margaret McWade", "paragraph_text": "Two years after performing in her last movie, Margaret McWade died on April 1, 1956, in Los Angeles at the age of 83. She was buried in her hometown of Chicago, Illinois, in the Rosehill Cemetery.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Valley Girls", "paragraph_text": "``Valley Girls ''provides insight on the mysterious past of character Lily van der Woodsen (played by Kelly Rutherford as an adult and Brittany Snow as a teenager) through a series of flashbacks to her life as a teenager in the 1980s. In the past, Lily runs away from her wealthy parents to live in the San Fernando Valley with her sister Carol Rhodes (Krysten Ritter), the black sheep of the family. In the present, Lily's daughter Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) rebels against her mother while her classmates prepare for the Prom. The episode introduces the main cast of Valley Girls as guest actors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Peggy Wehmeyer", "paragraph_text": "Margaret \"Peggy\" Wehmeyer (born 1955) is an American journalist who served for seven years as the religion correspondent on the ABC news television network, before becoming the host and editor of World Vision Report.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Margaret Knox", "paragraph_text": "Margaret Knox (n\u00e9e Stewart; 1547 \u2013 after 1612) was a Scottish noblewoman and the second wife of Scottish reformer John Knox, whom she married when she was 17 years old and he 54. The marriage caused consternation from Mary, Queen of Scots, as the couple had married without having obtained royal consent.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Butler Township, Knox County, Ohio", "paragraph_text": "Butler Township is one of the twenty-two townships of Knox County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,171 people in the township.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "George Stephanopoulos", "paragraph_text": "George Stephanopoulos Senior Advisor to the President In office June 7, 1993 -- December 10, 1996 President Bill Clinton Preceded by Bruce Lindsey Succeeded by Sidney Blumenthal White House Director of Communications In office January 20, 1993 -- June 7, 1993 President Bill Clinton Preceded by Margaret Tutwiler Succeeded by Mark Gearan Personal details George Robert Stephanopoulos (1961 - 02 - 10) February 10, 1961 (age 57) Fall River, Massachusetts, U.S. Political party Democratic Spouse (s) Alexandra Wentworth (m. 2001) Children Education Columbia University (BA) Balliol College, Oxford (MA) Website Official website", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Thundering Caravans", "paragraph_text": "Thundering Caravans is a 1952 American western film directed by Harry Keller and starring Allan Lane, Mona Knox and Eddy Waller.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Revolutionary Road (film)", "paragraph_text": "In 1948, Frank Wheeler (DiCaprio) meets April (Winslet) at a party. He is a longshoreman, hoping to be a cashier; she wants to be an actress. Frank later secures a sales position with Knox Machines, for which his father worked for 20 years, and April and he marry. The Wheelers move to 115 Revolutionary Road in suburban Connecticut when April becomes pregnant.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Blue Chip Conference", "paragraph_text": "The Blue Chip Conference is a high school athletic conference in southwestern Indiana, United States. The conference's members are small A or AA high schools located in Daviess, Dubois, Gibson, Knox, and Martin counties. The BCC was founded in 1968, with Barr-Reeve, Bloomfield, Loogootee, North Daviess, North Knox, South Knox, and Springs Valley. Barr-Reeve had to wait until 1969 to be released from the Patoka Valley Conference to play in the league, and Loogootee also had to wait until 1970 to leave the Southwestern Indiana Conference. The conference grew to 11 schools in the mid-1970s, but for the most part has stabilized at nine schools since then with the only exception being the 6 year period between the addition of Wood Memorial in 2000 and loss of Forest Park in 2006 where the count was at 10.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Siege of Boston", "paragraph_text": "In November 1775, Washington sent the 25 - year - old bookseller - turned - soldier Henry Knox to bring to Boston the heavy artillery that had been captured at Fort Ticonderoga. In a technically complex and demanding operation, Knox brought many cannons to the Boston area by January 1776. In March 1776, these artillery fortified Dorchester Heights (which overlooked Boston and its harbor), thereby threatening the British supply lifeline. The British commander William Howe saw the British position as indefensible and withdrew the British forces in Boston to the British stronghold at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on March 17 (celebrated today as Evacuation Day).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The Education of Shelby Knox", "paragraph_text": "The Education of Shelby Knox is 2005 documentary film that tells the coming-of-age story of public speaker and feminist Shelby Knox, a teenager who joins a campaign for comprehensive sex education in the high schools of Lubbock, Texas. TEOSK was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival in 2005 and aired on PBS\u2019 \"P.O.V.\" series that same year. It was directed and produced by Marion Lipschutz and Rose Rosenblatt.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Miller Township, Knox County, Ohio", "paragraph_text": "Miller Township is one of the twenty-two townships of Knox County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,006 people in the township.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Farragut High School", "paragraph_text": "Farragut High School, located at 11237 Kingston Pike, serves as a high school in Farragut, a suburb of Knoxville, Tennessee. Knox County Schools, the unified Knox County, Tennessee school district, operates the school.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In what year did Margaret Knox's spouse pass away?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 433694, "question": "Margaret Knox >> spouse", "answer": "John Knox", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 20273, "question": "What year did #1 past away?", "answer": "1572", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "1572", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1541}
{"id": "2hop__13986_40169", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Alexios II Komnenos", "paragraph_text": "Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus () (10 September 1169October 1183) was Byzantine emperor from 1180 to 1183. He was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond of Poitiers, prince of Antioch. He was the long-awaited male heir and was named Alexius as a fulfilment of the AIMA prophecy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Battle of Bantry Bay", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bantry Bay was a naval engagement fought on 11 May 1689, a week before the declaration of the Nine Years' War. The English fleet was commanded by Admiral Arthur Herbert, created Earl of Torrington after the Battle; the French fleet by Fran\u00e7ois Louis de Rousselet, Marquis de Ch\u00e2teaurenault. Apart from the inshore operations at La Rochelle in 1627\u201328, the Battle of Bantry Bay was the first time English and French navies had met in fleet action since 1545.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Battle of Flushing", "paragraph_text": "The Dutch fleet initially left Flushing, but returned when the Spanish fleet was hit by the city's cannons. Five Spanish ships were seized, but the remainder managed to reach the cities of Middelburg and Arnemuiden.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Thomas Byard", "paragraph_text": "Captain Sir Thomas Byard (bapt. 25 September 1743 \u2013 30 October 1798) was an officer of the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars. He is best known for his service in two significant battles, fighting at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797 and the Battle of Tory Island in 1798. In these engagements Byard was highly praised for his conduct and he contributed materially to both victories. He was also knighted in 1789 for his service to King George III, personally steering the King's barque at the fleet review at Portsmouth in that year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Battle of Fort Henry", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Fort Henry was fought on February 6, 1862, in western Middle Tennessee, during the American Civil War. It was the first important victory for the Union and Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in the Western Theater.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Henry Watson Powell", "paragraph_text": "General Henry Watson Powell (1733-14 July 1814) was a British officer during the Seven Years' War and American Revolutionary War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Action of 26 July 1566", "paragraph_text": "The battle that took place on 26 July 1566 during the Northern Seven Years' War and was a slight victory for a Swedish fleet over a combined Danish and L\u00fcbecker fleet. It began just east of \u00d6land and the Allied fleet eventually retreated toward Gotland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "John, King of England", "paragraph_text": "Henry the Young King fought a short war with his brother Richard in 1183 over the status of England, Normandy and Aquitaine. Henry II moved in support of Richard, and Henry the Young King died from dysentery at the end of the campaign. With his primary heir dead, Henry rearranged the plans for the succession: Richard was to be made King of England, albeit without any actual power until the death of his father; Geoffrey would retain Brittany; and John would now become the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard. Richard refused to give up Aquitaine; Henry II was furious and ordered John, with help from Geoffrey, to march south and retake the duchy by force. The two attacked the capital of Poitiers, and Richard responded by attacking Brittany. The war ended in stalemate and a tense family reconciliation in England at the end of 1184.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Henry Blagrove", "paragraph_text": "Rear-Admiral Henry Evelyn Charles Blagrove (26 April 1887\u00a0\u2013 14 October 1939) was the first British Royal Navy officer of flag rank to be killed in the Second World War. An experienced staff officer and veteran of several actions of the First World War aboard the battlecruiser , Blagrove had only just received his appointment as commander of the 2nd Battleship Squadron of the Home Fleet when he was killed in the destruction of his flagship by .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Tropical cyclone effects in Europe", "paragraph_text": "November 10 - 11, 2017 -- The remnants of Tropical Storm Rina hit the United Kingdom and Ireland on the night of November 10 and into the following day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Normans", "paragraph_text": "In April 1191 Richard the Lion-hearted left Messina with a large fleet in order to reach Acre. But a storm dispersed the fleet. After some searching, it was discovered that the boat carrying his sister and his fianc\u00e9e Berengaria was anchored on the south coast of Cyprus, together with the wrecks of several other ships, including the treasure ship. Survivors of the wrecks had been taken prisoner by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos. On 1 May 1191, Richard's fleet arrived in the port of Limassol on Cyprus. He ordered Isaac to release the prisoners and the treasure. Isaac refused, so Richard landed his troops and took Limassol.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Pacific War series", "paragraph_text": "The Pacific War is a series of alternate history novels written by Newt Gingrich and William R. Forstchen with Albert S. Hanser. The series deals with the Pacific War between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan. The point of divergence is the decision of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander-in-chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet, to take personal command of the 1st Air Fleet for the attack on Pearl Harbor, rather than delegate it to Adm. Ch\u016bichi Nagumo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Edmund Burke", "paragraph_text": "Burke supported the war against revolutionary France, seeing Britain as fighting on the side of the royalists and \u00e9migres in a civil war, rather than fighting against the whole nation of France. Burke also supported the royalist uprising in La Vend\u00e9e, describing it on 4 November 1793 in a letter to William Windham, as \"the sole affair I have much heart in\". Burke wrote to Henry Dundas on 7 October urging him to send reinforcements there, as he viewed it as the only theatre in the war that might lead to a march on Paris. Dundas did not follow Burke's advice, however.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Carl Gustaf Wrangel", "paragraph_text": "At the age of twenty, Carl Gustaf Wrangel distinguished himself as a cavalry captain in the Thirty Years' War. Three years later he was colonel, and in 1638 major-general, still serving in Germany. In 1644, during the Torstenson War, he commanded a fleet at sea, which defeated the Danes at Fehmarn on 23 October.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Storms BK", "paragraph_text": "Storms Ballklubb is a Norwegian association football club from Skien. Storm BK is the football-department of \"IF Storm\" and was founded on 12 July 1902. Storm was one of the best football-clubs in Grenland in the first years after the Second World War, and were playing in Hovedserien, the top league of Norwegian football, in 1948\u201349 and 1949\u201350. Today the club is playing in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of the Norwegian league system. Anker Kihle and Johan Lauritzen have both been capped for Norway while playing for Storm.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "HMS Formidable (67)", "paragraph_text": "HMS \"Formidable\" was an ordered for the Royal Navy before the Second World War. After being completed in late 1940, she was briefly assigned to the Home Fleet before being transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet as a replacement for her crippled sister ship . \"Formidable\"s aircraft played a key role in the Battle of Cape Matapan in early 1941, and they subsequently provided cover for Allied ships and attacked Axis forces until their carrier was badly damaged by German dive bombers in May.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Hard to Kill", "paragraph_text": "Hard to Kill is a 1990 American action thriller film directed by Bruce Malmuth, and starring Steven Seagal, Kelly LeBrock, William Sadler, and Frederick Coffin. Seagal plays Mason Storm, a detective who falls into a coma after being shot during a fire-fight that killed his wife. Reawakening seven years later, Storm embarks on a journey to avenge the death of his wife, and expose the corruption of Senator Vernon Trent.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Battle of Saint-Mathieu", "paragraph_text": "The naval Battle of Saint-Mathieu took place on 10 August 1512 during the War of the League of Cambrai, near Brest, France, between an English fleet of 25 ships commanded by Sir Edward Howard and a Franco-Breton fleet of 22 ships commanded by Ren\u00e9 de Clermont. It is possibly the first battle between ships using cannon through ports, although this played a minor role in the fighting. This was one of only two full-fledged naval battles fought by King Henry\u00a0VIII's Tudor navy. During the battle, each navy's largest and most powerful ship\u2014\"Regent\" and \"Marie-la-Cordeli\u00e8re\" (or simply \"Cordeli\u00e8re\")\u2014was destroyed by a large explosion aboard the latter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Arab\u2013Byzantine wars", "paragraph_text": "After his victory in the civil war, Muawiyah launched a series of attacks against Byzantine holdings in Africa, Sicily and the East. By 670, the Muslim fleet had penetrated into the Sea of Marmara and stayed at Cyzicus during the winter. Four years later, a massive Muslim fleet reappeared in the Marmara and re-established a base at Cyzicus, from there they raided the Byzantine coasts almost at will. Finally in 676, Muawiyah sent an army to invest Constantinople from land as well, beginning the First Arab Siege of the city. Constantine IV (r. 661\u2013685) however used a devastating new weapon that came to be known as \"Greek fire\", invented by a Christian refugee from Syria named Kallinikos of Heliopolis, to decisively defeat the attacking Umayyad navy in the Sea of Marmara, resulting in the lifting of the siege in 678. The returning Muslim fleet suffered further losses due to storms, while the army lost many men to the thematic armies who attacked them on their route back.Among those killed in the siege was Eyup, the standard bearer of Muhammed and the last of his companions; to Muslims today, his tomb is considered one of the holiest sites in Istanbul. The Byzantine victory over the invading Umayyads halted the Islamic expansion into Europe for almost thirty years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Battle of Augusta", "paragraph_text": "The naval Battle of Augusta (also known as the Battle of Agosta) took place on 22 April 1676 during the Franco-Dutch War and was fought between a French fleet of 29 man-of-war, five frigates and eight fireships under Abraham Duquesne and a Dutch-Spanish fleet of 27 (17 Dutch, 10 Spanish) plus five fireships with Dutch Lieutenant-Admiral-General Michiel de Ruyter in command. The battle was a short but intense affair and ended abruptly when Duquesne, after hearing that De Ruyter had been mortally wounded, retreated. Neither side lost a ship, though there were many dead and wounded, especially among the Dutch.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What year did the storm hit the fleet of the person that Henry fought a short war with in 1183?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 13986, "question": "Who did Henry fight a short war with in 1183?", "answer": "Richard", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 40169, "question": "What year did the storm hit #1 's fleet?", "answer": "1191", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "1191", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2161}
{"id": "2hop__25344_88628", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Marie's Soldier", "paragraph_text": "Marie's Soldier (German: Der Soldat der Marie) is a 1927 German silent drama film directed by Erich Sch\u00f6nfelder and starring Xenia Desni, Harry Liedtke and Grit Haid. The film's art direction was by Kurt Richter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "True Grit (1969 film)", "paragraph_text": "True Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "American Grit", "paragraph_text": "American Grit is an American reality television series that premiered on Fox on April 14, 2016. The series stars WWE wrestler John Cena. Fox ordered ten episodes for the first season of the competition series. On July 29, 2016, Fox renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on Sunday, June 11, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "A True Mob Story", "paragraph_text": "A True Mob Story is a 1998 Hong Kong crime drama film produced, written and directed by Wong Jing and starring Andy Lau and Gigi Leung.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Normal (New Girl)", "paragraph_text": "After ``Normal ''aired, internet sources began to summarize the rules for True American, which the characters described as a mix of a drinking game and Candy Land where the floor is lava; it also involves shouting the names of American presidents. The idea of True American came from a New Girl writer who played a similar game in college. As she could not remember the game's exact rules, the writers focused on making the game as funny on the page as possible, but only established chanting`` JFK! FDR!'' and walking on chairs. As the cast did not understand the game during shooting, the writers created more rules on the spot, advised the actors to ``have fun, dig in, jump in ''and play it as if`` they'd been playing this thing for years and years and years.'' The high - energy feel of the game and the amounts of coverage made filming True American more challenging for the actors than normal episodes. Producers Dave Finkel, Brett Baer, and writer Luvh Rakhe, came up with most of the obscure American history facts, but much was cut from the finished episode. Fox subsequently released a set of official rules for the game, which can be summarized ``There are no real rules ''. The characters also played True American in`` Cooler'', the 15th episode of the second season, in ``Mars Landing '', the 20th episode of the third season and in`` Wedding Eve'' the 21st episode of the fifth season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "History of the Liberal Party of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The Liberals are descended from the mid-19th century Reformers who agitated for responsible government throughout British North America. These included George Brown, Robert Baldwin, William Lyon Mackenzie and the Clear Grits in Upper Canada, Joseph Howe in Nova Scotia, and the Patriotes and Rouges in Lower Canada led by figures such as Louis - Joseph Papineau. The Clear Grits and Parti rouge sometimes functioned as a united bloc in the legislature of the Province of Canada beginning in 1854, and a united Liberal Party combining both English and French Canadian members was formed in 1861.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "To Face Her Past", "paragraph_text": "To Face Her Past is a 1996 television film directed by Steven Schachter. Based on a true story, the film stars Patty Duke, Tracey Gold, David Ogden Stiers, Gabrielle Carteris and James Brolin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "True Grit (2010 film)", "paragraph_text": "True Grit is a 2010 American Revisionist Western film directed, written, produced, and edited by the Coen brothers and executively produced by Steven Spielberg. It is the second adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name, which was previously released in 1969 starring John Wayne and Glen Campbell. This version stars Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross and Jeff Bridges as Deputy U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, along with Matt Damon, Josh Brolin, and Barry Pepper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Law & Order True Crime", "paragraph_text": "Law & Order True Crime is an American true crime anthology series that premiered September 26, 2017 on NBC. The series was ordered by NBC on July 15, 2016, and is part of the Law & Order franchise. Created by Rene Balcer, the eight - episode first season, titled Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders, is a dramatization of the trial of Lyle and Erik Menendez, who were convicted in 1996 for the murder of their parents, Jos\u00e9 and Kitty Menendez. The first season concluded November 14, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Super Grit Cowboy Band", "paragraph_text": "Super Grit Cowboy Band is an American country music band formed in North Carolina. It was founded by Clyde Mattocks, Libby Mattocks, Bill Lyerly, Danny Vinson, Dave Cavanaugh and Alfred Ward. Active since 1974, the band recorded first with Sound Hut Studios. Beginning with their 1981 album, the band has recorded on its own Hoodswamp label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Turner Classic Movies", "paragraph_text": "In October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both. From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a \"True Grit\" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "To Catch a Killer", "paragraph_text": "To Catch a Killer is a two-part television film from 1992, directed by Eric Till and starring Brian Dennehy and Michael Riley. It is based on the true story of the pursuit of American serial killer John Wayne Gacy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "True Lies (The Vampire Diaries)", "paragraph_text": "\"True Lies\" is the second episode of the fifth season of the American series \"The Vampire Diaries\", and the series 91st episode overall. \"True Lies\" was originally aired on October 10, 2013, on The CW. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by Joshua Butler.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "David's Mother", "paragraph_text": "David's Mother is a 1994 American made-for-television drama film directed by Robert Allan Ackerman and stars Kirstie Alley as a devoted mother trying to cope with her autistic teenage son David (Michael Goorjian). The film aired on CBS on April 10, 1994, it has also aired internationally. In the UK it can often be seen on television movie channels True Movies 1 and True Movies 2. It has also been released in home entertainment formats in countries including the United States, UK and Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "A Time to Love (film)", "paragraph_text": "A Time to Love () is a 2005 film directed by Huo Jianqi. It stars Zhao Wei and Lu Yi. The film is based on a true story.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Marcus Nilson", "paragraph_text": "Nilson was drafted in the first round, 20th overall, by the Florida Panthers in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. His hockey style is quite adverse from the typical style of Swedish hockey players. His grit and intensity, especially among the boards, earned him the role of a dependable checker with the ability to add the odd goal/assist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "83rd Academy Awards", "paragraph_text": "For the second consecutive year, the field of major nominees included at least one blockbuster at the American and Canadian box offices. However, only three of the nominees had grossed over $100 million before the nominations were announced, compared with five from the previous year. The combined gross of the ten Best Picture nominees when the Oscars were announced was $1.2 billion, the second-highest ever behind 2009. The average gross was $119.3 million.Two of the ten Best Picture nominees were among the top ten releases in box office during the nominations. At the time of the announcement of nominations on January 25, Toy Story 3 was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $414.9 million in domestic box office receipts. The only other top ten box office hit to receive a nomination was Inception which earned $292.5 million. Among the remaining eight nominees, True Grit was the next-highest-grossing film with $137.9 million followed by The Social Network ($95.4  million), Black Swan $83.2 million, The Fighter ($72.6 million), The King's Speech ($57.3 million), The Kids Are All Right ($20.8 million), 127 Hours ($11.2 million), and finally Winter's Bone ($6.2 million).Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 55 nominations went to 15 films on the list. Only Toy Story 3 (1st), Inception (5th), How to Train Your Dragon (9th), True Grit (17th), The Social Network (29th), The Town (32nd), Black Swan (38th), and The Fighter (45th) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, Best Picture or Animated Feature. The other top-50 box office hits that earned nominations were Alice in Wonderland (2nd), Iron Man 2 (3rd), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2014 Part 1 (6th), Tangled (10th), Tron: Legacy (12th), Salt (21st), and Unstoppable (39th).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Law & Order True Crime", "paragraph_text": "Law & Order True Crime is an American true crime anthology series that premiered on September 26, 2017 on NBC. The series was ordered by NBC on July 15, 2016, and is part of the Law & Order franchise. The eight - episode first season, titled Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders, is a dramatization of the trial of Lyle and Erik Menendez, who were convicted in 1996 for the murder of their parents, Jos\u00e9 and Kitty Menendez. The first season concluded on November 14, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "True Grit (1969 film)", "paragraph_text": "Frank Ross (John Pickard) is murdered by his hired hand, Tom Chaney (Jeff Corey). Ross's young daughter, Mattie (Kim Darby), travels to Fort Smith, Arkansas, where she hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben ``Rooster ''J. Cogburn (John Wayne) to bring Chaney in, raising his fee by shrewdly horse trading with Colonel Stonehill (Strother Martin). Mattie has heard that Cogburn has`` true grit.'' She gives him a payment to track and capture Chaney, who has taken up with outlaw ``Lucky ''Ned Pepper (Robert Duvall) in Indian Territory (modern - day Oklahoma).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Granger, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Granger is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,419 at the 2010 census. Granger was the site for the 2010 remake of the movie True Grit, as well as an episode of the NBC drama Revolution.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In True Grit, who did the star play?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 25344, "question": "Who starred in True Grit?", "answer": "John Wayne", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 88628, "question": "who did #1 play in true grit", "answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn", "answer_aliases": ["America", "U.S.", "the United States", "United States", "US"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2203}
{"id": "2hop__657913_88628", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Granger, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Granger is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,419 at the 2010 census. Granger was the site for the 2010 remake of the movie True Grit, as well as an episode of the NBC drama Revolution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": ".700 Nitro Express", "paragraph_text": "The .700 Nitro Express (17.8\u00d789mmR) is a big game rifle cartridge made by Holland & Holland, London, England. It was developed in 1988 by Jim Bell and William Feldstein and built by H&H. Feldstein had tried unsuccessfully to get H&H to build a .600 Nitro Express for him, but they had already ceased production. However, when Bell and Feldstein produced the entirely new .700 Nitro Express cartridge, they were able to attract the interest of H&H, which was looking for a new big-bore cartridge. After production began, the backlog of orders was so great that it continued to 2007 and H&H restarted the production of .600 Nitro Express guns.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "True Grit (1969 film)", "paragraph_text": "True Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Emancipation of Mimi", "paragraph_text": "The Emancipation of Mimi is the tenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, released through Island Records on April 12, 2005. \"The Emancipation of Mimi\" was considered Carey's \"comeback album\" by critics and became her highest-selling release in the US in a decade. In composing the album, the singer collaborated with many songwriters and producers throughout 2004, including Jermaine Dupri, Snoop Dogg, Twista, Nelly, Pharrell Williams, and James \"Big Jim\" Wright, many of whom appeared as featured guests on select tracks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Celebrity Big Brother, also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition, is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season aired during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and was the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen returned as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season was produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. The season premiered on February 7, 2018.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Master Gunfighter", "paragraph_text": "The Master Gunfighter is a film released in 1975 in Panavision, written and produced by Tom Laughlin, who also played the lead as Finley. \"The Master Gunfighter\" is mainly a remake of the 1969 Japanese film \"Goyokin\", although the story revolves around a true incident in the early 1800s involving massacred Indians that occurred in the vicinity of Goleta, California.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Rooster Cogburn (film)", "paragraph_text": "Rooster Cogburn is a 1975 American Western adventure film directed by Stuart Millar and starring John Wayne (in his penultimate film), reprising his role as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, and Katharine Hepburn. Written by Martha Hyer, based on the character Rooster Cogburn created by Charles McColl Portis in his 1968 western novel \"True Grit\", the film is about an aging one-eyed lawman whose badge was recently suspended for a string of routine arrests that ended in bloodshed. To earn back his badge, he is tasked with bringing down a ring of bank robbers that has hijacked a wagon shipment of nitroglycerin. He is helped by a spinster searching for her father's killer. \"Rooster Cogburn\" is a sequel to the 1969 film \"True Grit\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Up the Elephant and Round the Castle", "paragraph_text": "Up the Elephant and Round the Castle is a British television sitcom, which aired from 1983 to 1985, and was produced by Thames Television for the ITV network. Starring comedian Jim Davidson, who played the role of Jim London, the show spawned a sequel, \"Home James!\", which was also made by Thames. \"Home James\" ran from 1987 to 1990. \"Up the Elephant and Round the Castle\" also gave early exposure to Anita Dobson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Things I Know to Be True", "paragraph_text": "Things I Know To Be True is a theatre production produced by State Theatre Company South Australia and Frantic Assembly, directed by Geordie Brookman and Scott Graham. It was written by Andrew Bovell and features the music of Nils Frahm. The play is naturalistic but features a great use of non-naturalistic physical movement to emphasise the emotional connection between the characters - following the story of the Price Family and their problems. The play is set in Adelaide, Australia, which is where the play held its World Premiere in May 2016. It subsequently toured the United Kingdom twice.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Digory Kirke", "paragraph_text": "In the 2005 film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, he is played as an adult by Jim Broadbent.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Big Jim McLain", "paragraph_text": "Big Jim McLain is a 1952 political thriller film starring John Wayne and James Arness as HUAC investigators hunting down communists in the post-war Hawaii organized labor scene. Edward Ludwig directed.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Normal (New Girl)", "paragraph_text": "After ``Normal ''aired, internet sources began to summarize the rules for True American, which the characters described as a mix of a drinking game and Candy Land where the floor is lava; it also involves shouting the names of American presidents. The idea of True American came from a New Girl writer who played a similar game in college. As she could not remember the game's exact rules, the writers focused on making the game as funny on the page as possible, but only established chanting`` JFK! FDR!'' and walking on chairs. As the cast did not understand the game during shooting, the writers created more rules on the spot, advised the actors to ``have fun, dig in, jump in ''and play it as if`` they'd been playing this thing for years and years and years.'' The high - energy feel of the game and the amounts of coverage made filming True American more challenging for the actors than normal episodes. Producers Dave Finkel, Brett Baer, and writer Luvh Rakhe, came up with most of the obscure American history facts, but much was cut from the finished episode. Fox subsequently released a set of official rules for the game, which can be summarized ``There are no real rules ''. The characters also played True American in`` Cooler'', the 15th episode of the second season, in ``Mars Landing '', the 20th episode of the third season and in`` Wedding Eve'' the 21st episode of the fifth season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Jim McIntyre (basketball)", "paragraph_text": "Reverend James McIntyre (1927 \u2013 December 10, 2005) was an American basketball player for the University of Minnesota from 1945\u201346 to 1948\u201349. A native of Minneapolis, Minnesota, he led Patrick Henry High School to two state championships before becoming a two-time consensus All-American at Minnesota. McIntyre is recognized as being the University of Minnesota's first true \"big man.\" Standing at and playing the center position, he was especially large for players of the late 1940s era. During his career, he was a two-time First Team All-Big Ten Conference and one-time Second Team All-Big Ten selection. McIntyre scored 1,223\u00a0points and had set a then-single season Minnesota scoring record of 360\u00a0points.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "History of the Liberal Party of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The Liberals are descended from the mid-19th century Reformers who agitated for responsible government throughout British North America. These included George Brown, Robert Baldwin, William Lyon Mackenzie and the Clear Grits in Upper Canada, Joseph Howe in Nova Scotia, and the Patriotes and Rouges in Lower Canada led by figures such as Louis - Joseph Papineau. The Clear Grits and Parti rouge sometimes functioned as a united bloc in the legislature of the Province of Canada beginning in 1854, and a united Liberal Party combining both English and French Canadian members was formed in 1861.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "True Grit (1969 film)", "paragraph_text": "Frank Ross (John Pickard) is murdered by his hired hand, Tom Chaney (Jeff Corey). Ross's young daughter, Mattie (Kim Darby), travels to Fort Smith, Arkansas, where she hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben ``Rooster ''J. Cogburn (John Wayne) to bring Chaney in, raising his fee by shrewdly horse trading with Colonel Stonehill (Strother Martin). Mattie has heard that Cogburn has`` true grit.'' She gives him a payment to track and capture Chaney, who has taken up with outlaw ``Lucky ''Ned Pepper (Robert Duvall) in Indian Territory (modern - day Oklahoma).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "True Colors (Cyndi Lauper album)", "paragraph_text": "True Colors is the second album by American pop singer Cyndi Lauper, released on September 15, 1986. The album produced several hits as \"True Colors\", \"Change of Heart\", and \"What's Going On\" reached the top twenty of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, with the first two becoming top 5 hits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Jason Deere", "paragraph_text": "Jason Todd Deere (born December 19, 1968 in Enid, Oklahoma) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He has written memorable songs for acts like Lady Antebellum, Little Big Town, LeAnn Rimes, Jessica Simpson, Jim Brickman, SHeDAISY, Be Be Winans, Natalie Grant, Point of Grace, Wanessa Camargo, Leonardo, Luiza Possi, The Wreckers and he has a lengthy list of film, television and production credits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The Big Story (radio and TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The Big Story is an American radio and television crime drama which dramatized the true stories of real-life newspaper reporters. The only continuing character was the narrator, Bob Sloane.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "CJXX-FM", "paragraph_text": "CJXX-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 93.1 FM in Grande Prairie, Alberta. Owned by the Jim Pattison Broadcast Group, the station is branded as Big Country 93.1 and broadcasts a country music format.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Jim Ricca", "paragraph_text": "James Emanuel \"Big Jim\" Ricca (October 8, 1927 \u2013 February 11, 2007) was a professional American football defensive tackle and guard for six seasons in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins, Philadelphia Eagles and Detroit Lions.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did the producer of Big Jim McLain play in True Grit?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 657913, "question": "Big Jim McLain >> producer", "answer": "John Wayne", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 88628, "question": "who did #1 play in true grit", "answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}], "answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn", "answer_aliases": ["the US", "America", "U.S.", "United States", "US"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2126}
{"id": "2hop__734057_88628", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of Ghost Whisperer characters", "paragraph_text": "Jim Clancy, played by David Conrad is Melinda's (Jennifer Love Hewitt) husband. He is the only cast member other than Hewitt to appear in every episode.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Casablanca (film)", "paragraph_text": "Dooley Wilson as Sam. He was one of the few American - born members of the cast. A drummer, he had to fake playing the piano. Even after shooting had been completed, producer Wallis considered dubbing over Wilson's voice for the songs. He had originally considered changing the character to a woman and casting singers Hazel Scott, Lena Horne, or Ella Fitzgerald.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "True Grit (2010 film)", "paragraph_text": "True Grit is a 2010 American Revisionist Western film directed, written, produced, and edited by the Coen brothers and executively produced by Steven Spielberg. It is the second adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name, which was previously released in 1969 starring John Wayne and Glen Campbell. This version stars Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross and Jeff Bridges as Deputy U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, along with Matt Damon, Josh Brolin, and Barry Pepper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Robert M. Young (director)", "paragraph_text": "Robert Milton Young, usually known as Robert M. Young (born November 22, 1924 in New York City, New York), is an American multi-award-winning screenwriter, director, cinematographer and producer. In 1985 he was a member of the jury at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival. He has frequently cast Edward James Olmos in his movies, directing him in \"Alambrista!\" (1977), \"The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez\" (1982), \"Saving Grace\" (1986), \"Triumph of the Spirit\" (1989), \"Talent for the Game\" (1991), \"Roosters\" (1993), \"Slave of Dreams\" (1995) and \"Caught\" (1996). He produced Olmos's directorial debut, \"American Me\" (1992).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "True Grit (1969 film)", "paragraph_text": "Frank Ross (John Pickard) is murdered by his hired hand, Tom Chaney (Jeff Corey). Ross's young daughter, Mattie (Kim Darby), travels to Fort Smith, Arkansas, where she hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben ``Rooster ''J. Cogburn (John Wayne) to bring Chaney in, raising his fee by shrewdly horse trading with Colonel Stonehill (Strother Martin). Mattie has heard that Cogburn has`` true grit.'' She gives him a payment to track and capture Chaney, who has taken up with outlaw ``Lucky ''Ned Pepper (Robert Duvall) in Indian Territory (modern - day Oklahoma).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Saturday Night Live (season 5)", "paragraph_text": "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Shane Joseph", "paragraph_text": "Shane Joseph (born July 23, 1981 in Brooks, Alberta) is a Canadian professional ice hockey winger who is currently a Free Agent. He most recently played for the Iserlohn Roosters in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Christopher Masterson", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Prospero Gallinari", "paragraph_text": "Prospero Gallinari (1 January 1951 \u2013 14 January 2013), also known as \"Gallo\" (i.e. \"rooster\"), was an Italian terrorist, a member of the Red Brigades (BR) in the 1970s and 1980s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Daniel Tupou", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Tupou (born 17 June 1991) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays on the for the Sydney Roosters in the NRL. An Australian and Tongan international, New South Wales State of Origin, City Origin and Prime Minister's XIII representative, he won the 2013 and 2018 NRL Premierships with the Roosters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Jay Johnston", "paragraph_text": "Jay Johnston (born October 22, 1968) is an American actor and comedian best known for his work as a writer and cast member on the HBO sketch comedy series \"Mr. Show\" and for playing the role of Officer Jay McPherson on \"The Sarah Silverman Program\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "True Grit (1969 film)", "paragraph_text": "True Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "2018 NRL Grand Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership - deciding game of the 2018 National Rugby League season and was played on Sunday September 30 at Sydney's ANZ Stadium. The match was contested between minor premiers the Sydney Roosters and defending premiers the Melbourne Storm. In front of a crowd of 82,688, Sydney won the match 21 -- 6 to claim their 14th premiership title and their first since 2013. Roosters five - eighth Luke Keary was awarded the Clive Churchill Medal as the game's official man of the match.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "History of the Liberal Party of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The Liberals are descended from the mid-19th century Reformers who agitated for responsible government throughout British North America. These included George Brown, Robert Baldwin, William Lyon Mackenzie and the Clear Grits in Upper Canada, Joseph Howe in Nova Scotia, and the Patriotes and Rouges in Lower Canada led by figures such as Louis - Joseph Papineau. The Clear Grits and Parti rouge sometimes functioned as a united bloc in the legislature of the Province of Canada beginning in 1854, and a united Liberal Party combining both English and French Canadian members was formed in 1861.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Granger, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Granger is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,419 at the 2010 census. Granger was the site for the 2010 remake of the movie True Grit, as well as an episode of the NBC drama Revolution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Camilla Luddington", "paragraph_text": "Luddington has worked mainly in the United States. In February 2011, the Daily Mail described her as ``on the path to fame and fortune after being cast as Catherine Middleton in William & Kate: The Movie, a TV movie about the relationship between Prince William and Catherine`` Kate ''Middleton. Luddington joined the cast of the Showtime comedy - drama series Californication for its fifth season, playing a nanny. She also joined the cast of season five of the HBO vampire drama True Blood, as Claudette Crane, a faerie. In July 2012, Luddington joined the cast of Grey's Anatomy as Dr. Jo Wilson in a recurring role. In June 2013 it was announced that she would be a series regular from season ten onward. In October 2012, Camilla appeared on a Halloween special of E!'s popular fashion programme, Fashion Police, alongside a panel of Joan Rivers, Kelly Osbourne, George Kotsiopoulos and Kris Jenner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "True Blood (season 7)", "paragraph_text": "The seventh and final season of the HBO supernatural drama series True Blood premiered on June 22, 2014 and contained ten episodes. The season was ordered on July 15, 2013. At the beginning of September it was announced that it would be the final season. The season was preceded by a farewell special entitled ``Farewell to Bon Temps '', in which executive producers Alan Ball and Brian Buckner united with various cast members to reminisce about the series and gave a special preview of the final season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Rooster Cogburn (film)", "paragraph_text": "Rooster Cogburn is a 1975 American Western adventure film directed by Stuart Millar and starring John Wayne (in his penultimate film), reprising his role as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, and Katharine Hepburn. Written by Martha Hyer, based on the character Rooster Cogburn created by Charles McColl Portis in his 1968 western novel \"True Grit\", the film is about an aging one-eyed lawman whose badge was recently suspended for a string of routine arrests that ended in bloodshed. To earn back his badge, he is tasked with bringing down a ring of bank robbers that has hijacked a wagon shipment of nitroglycerin. He is helped by a spinster searching for her father's killer. \"Rooster Cogburn\" is a sequel to the 1969 film \"True Grit\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Stefan Langwieder", "paragraph_text": "Stefan Langwieder (born January 8, 1987) is a German professional ice hockey defender who currently plays for the Iserlohn Roosters of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. He initially played for Adler Mannheim during the 2007 season before signing with the Iserlohn Roosters in 2008. On April 5, 2009, Langwieder was signed to a three-year extension to remain with Iserlohn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi", "paragraph_text": "On January 14, 2015, John Krasinski was cast in the film, to play one of the lead roles, a former US Navy SEAL. On February 3, Pablo Schreiber also signed on to star in the film, playing Kris \"Tanto\" Paronto, one of the six-man security team. On February 6, James Badge Dale was set to star, as the leader of the security team. Max Martini was cast as another member of the security team on February 17, 2015. David Denman signed on to star in the film on March 3, 2015, playing Boon, an elite sniper. On March 5, 2015, THR reported that Dominic Fumusa also signed on, to play John \"Tig\" Tiegen, one of the members of the security team, who is also a former Marine with weapons expertise. Freddie Stroma was added to the cast on March 17, 2015 to play the role of an undercover CIA officer in Libya. On May 7, 2015, Toby Stephens was set to play Glen \"Bub\" Doherty, another of the security team members.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did the cast member of Rooster Cogburn play in True Grit?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 734057, "question": "Rooster Cogburn >> cast member", "answer": "John Wayne", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 88628, "question": "who did #1 play in true grit", "answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}], "answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn", "answer_aliases": ["America", "USA", "U.S.", "the United States", "United States", "US"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2131}
{"id": "2hop__95878_88628", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)", "paragraph_text": "The film was also shot at the North Shore Studios. The production officially ended on February 21, 2014. Reshoots involving scenes between Dornan and Johnson took place in Vancouver during the week of October 13, 2014. The film was shot under the working title ``The Adventures of Max and Banks. ''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Frankie & Alice", "paragraph_text": "Frankie & Alice is a 2010 Canadian drama film directed by Geoffrey Sax, starring Halle Berry. Filming began in Vancouver, British Columbia, in November 2008, and ended in January 2009. To qualify for awards season, the film opened in a limited release on December 10, 2010. It is based on a true story about a popular go-go dancer/stripper in the 1970s who has dissociative identity disorder.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Prisoner of the Volga", "paragraph_text": "Prisoner of the Volga is a 1959 adventure film starring John Derek. He plays an officer in the time of the Tsar who is sentenced to Siberia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Liberated Hands", "paragraph_text": "Liberated Hands or Freed Hands (German:Befreite H\u00e4nde) is a 1939 German drama film directed by Hans Schweikart and starring Brigitte Horney, Olga Tschechowa and Ewald Balser. It was screened at the 8th Venice International Film Festival. Horney plays a sculptor who discovers her true vocation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Till There Was You", "paragraph_text": "``Till There Was You ''is a song written by Meredith Willson for his musical play The Music Man (1957), and which also appeared in the 1962 movie version. It is sung by librarian Marian Paroo (Barbara Cook on Broadway, Shirley Jones in the film) to`` Professor'' Harold Hill (portrayed in the film by Robert Preston) toward the end of Act Two.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Andy Serkis", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Clement Serkis (born April 20, 1964) is an English actor and film director. He is best known for his performance capture roles comprising motion capture acting, animation and voice work for such computer - generated characters as Gollum in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001 -- 2003) and The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012), King Kong in the eponymous 2005 film, Caesar in the Planet of the Apes reboot series (2011 -- 17), Captain Haddock / Sir Francis Haddock in Steven Spielberg's The Adventures of Tintin (2011), and Supreme Leader Snoke in the first two Star Wars sequel trilogy films, The Force Awakens (2015) and The Last Jedi (2017). In 2019, he will play the character of Baloo in his self - directed film, Mowgli.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Teletubbies", "paragraph_text": "The Sun Baby (played by Jess Smith in the original series) appears at the beginning and end of each episode. She acts as a wake - up call for the Teletubbies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "True Grit (1969 film)", "paragraph_text": "True Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "True Grit (2010 film)", "paragraph_text": "True Grit is a 2010 American Revisionist Western film directed, written, produced, and edited by the Coen brothers and executively produced by Steven Spielberg. It is the second adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name, which was previously released in 1969 starring John Wayne and Glen Campbell. This version stars Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross and Jeff Bridges as Deputy U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, along with Matt Damon, Josh Brolin, and Barry Pepper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dick Turpin (1925 film)", "paragraph_text": "Dick Turpin is a 1925 American silent historical adventure film directed by John G. Blystone produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation and starring western hero Tom Mix. Mix departs from his usual western roles to play a British historical figure, the highwayman Dick Turpin (1705-1739). A young Carole Lombard was filmed in several scenes which mostly ended up on the cutting room floor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "83rd Academy Awards", "paragraph_text": "For the second consecutive year, the field of major nominees included at least one blockbuster at the American and Canadian box offices. However, only three of the nominees had grossed over $100 million before the nominations were announced, compared with five from the previous year. The combined gross of the ten Best Picture nominees when the Oscars were announced was $1.2 billion, the second-highest ever behind 2009. The average gross was $119.3 million.Two of the ten Best Picture nominees were among the top ten releases in box office during the nominations. At the time of the announcement of nominations on January 25, Toy Story 3 was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $414.9 million in domestic box office receipts. The only other top ten box office hit to receive a nomination was Inception which earned $292.5 million. Among the remaining eight nominees, True Grit was the next-highest-grossing film with $137.9 million followed by The Social Network ($95.4  million), Black Swan $83.2 million, The Fighter ($72.6 million), The King's Speech ($57.3 million), The Kids Are All Right ($20.8 million), 127 Hours ($11.2 million), and finally Winter's Bone ($6.2 million).Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 55 nominations went to 15 films on the list. Only Toy Story 3 (1st), Inception (5th), How to Train Your Dragon (9th), True Grit (17th), The Social Network (29th), The Town (32nd), Black Swan (38th), and The Fighter (45th) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, Best Picture or Animated Feature. The other top-50 box office hits that earned nominations were Alice in Wonderland (2nd), Iron Man 2 (3rd), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2014 Part 1 (6th), Tangled (10th), Tron: Legacy (12th), Salt (21st), and Unstoppable (39th).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Rooster Cogburn (film)", "paragraph_text": "Rooster Cogburn is a 1975 American Western adventure film directed by Stuart Millar and starring John Wayne (in his penultimate film), reprising his role as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, and Katharine Hepburn. Written by Martha Hyer, based on the character Rooster Cogburn created by Charles McColl Portis in his 1968 western novel \"True Grit\", the film is about an aging one-eyed lawman whose badge was recently suspended for a string of routine arrests that ended in bloodshed. To earn back his badge, he is tasked with bringing down a ring of bank robbers that has hijacked a wagon shipment of nitroglycerin. He is helped by a spinster searching for her father's killer. \"Rooster Cogburn\" is a sequel to the 1969 film \"True Grit\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "I Live with Me Dad", "paragraph_text": "I Live with Me Dad is a 1985 TV movie, produced by Crawfords Australia. The film is about six-year-old Crispy who lives with his destitute father Sid (Hehir). Based on a true story, it follows the street adventures of a father and son and his unconventional upbringing. A heart warming film that explores the extraordinary bond between a father and his son, amidst the pressures and emotions of those who would separate them.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Charles Richman (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Charles J. Richman (January 12, 1865 \u2013 December 1, 1940) was an American stage and film actor who appeared in 66 films between 1914 and 1939. Long before entering films Richman, in his youth one of the handsomest men on the stage, achieved a tremendous amount of stardom and success in the legitimate theatre. Most certainly film acting was an afterthought in his long and distinguished stage career. In Hollywood, he often played supporting roles as a dignified authoritarian figures like General Tufto in the first Technicolor film \"Becky Sharp\" (1935) and Judge Thatcher in \"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\" (1938).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Marie's Soldier", "paragraph_text": "Marie's Soldier (German: Der Soldat der Marie) is a 1927 German silent drama film directed by Erich Sch\u00f6nfelder and starring Xenia Desni, Harry Liedtke and Grit Haid. The film's art direction was by Kurt Richter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Britannia Hospital", "paragraph_text": "\"Britannia Hospital\" is the final part of Anderson's trilogy of films, written by David Sherwin, that follow the adventures of Mick Travis (portrayed by Malcolm McDowell) as he travels through a strange and sometimes surreal Britain. From his days at boarding school in \"if...\" (1968) to his journey from coffee salesman to film star in \"O Lucky Man!\" (1973), Travis's adventures finally come to an end in \"Britannia Hospital\", which sees Mick as a muckraking reporter investigating the bizarre activities of Professor Millar, played by Graham Crowden, whom he had had a run-in with in \"O Lucky Man\". All three films have characters in common. Some of the characters from \"if...\" that did not turn up in \"O Lucky Man\" return for \"Britannia Hospital\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "John \"Hannibal\" Smith", "paragraph_text": "Colonel John ``Hannibal ''Smith, played by George Peppard, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action - adventure television series The A-Team. The producers originally had James Coburn in mind to play the part of Hannibal, but it eventually ended up going to Peppard.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Jungle Ka Jawahar", "paragraph_text": "Jungle Ka Jawahar (Hero of the Forest) is a 1953 Hindi action adventure film directed by Homi Wadia and produced by Basant Pictures. The story was written by Boman Shroff and the special effects were by Babubhai Mistry. Having played daredevil roles starting in the 1930s, Fearless Nadia was still playing lead action roles in the 1950s and continued to act till 1968. The film starred Fearless Nadia, John Cawas, Leela Kumari, Shyam Sunder and Shapoor Aga.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Adventure's End", "paragraph_text": "Adventure's End is a 1937 American adventure film from Universal Pictures, directed by Arthur Lubin and starring John Wayne and Diana Gibson. Filming took place in July 1937.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Ceville", "paragraph_text": "Ceville is a humorous graphic adventure video game developed by the German game studio Realmforge Studios and published by Kalypso Media. Despite the game's use of 3D environments and models, the gameplay is very true to the graphical point-and-click adventure tradition of gameplay, immortalized by game series like Monkey Island from LucasArts and the King's Quest series from Sierra Online.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did the actor in Advernture's End play in True Grit?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 95878, "question": "Who has acted in the film Adventure's End?", "answer": "John Wayne", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 88628, "question": "who did #1 play in true grit", "answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn", "answer_aliases": ["U.S.", "US", "America"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2200}
{"id": "2hop__726892_131968", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nicaragua", "paragraph_text": "There are two prevailing theories on how the name \"Nicaragua\" came to be. The first is that the name was coined by Spanish colonists based on the name Nicarao, who was the chieftain or cacique of a powerful indigenous tribe encountered by the Spanish conquistador Gil Gonz\u00e1lez D\u00e1vila during his entry into southwestern Nicaragua in 1522. This theory holds that the name Nicaragua was formed from Nicarao and \"agua\" (Spanish for \"water\"), to reference the fact that there are two large lakes and several other bodies of water within the country. However, as of 2002, it was determined that the cacique's real name was Macuilmiquiztli, which meant \"Five Deaths\" in the Nahuatl language, rather than Nicarao.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Father of the Bride (1950 film)", "paragraph_text": "Father of the Bride is a 1950 American comedy film directed by Vincente Minnelli, about a man trying to cope with preparations for his daughter's upcoming wedding. The movie stars Spencer Tracy in the titular role, Joan Bennett, Elizabeth Taylor, Don Taylor, Billie Burke, and Leo G. Carroll. It was adapted by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett from the novel by Edward Streeter. Father of the Bride was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Picture and Best Writing, Screenplay.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Divinum illud munus", "paragraph_text": "Divinum illud munus (English title: On the Holy Spirit) is an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on May 15, 1897. In the encyclical, Leo addresses \"the indwelling and miraculous power of the Holy Ghost; and the extent and efficiency of His action, both in the whole body of the Church and in the individual souls of its members, through the glorious abundance of His divine graces.\" As such it serves as one of the precursors to the Catholic pneumatological renaissance of the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Leo Bennett", "paragraph_text": "Major Alfred Charles Leopold (Leo) Bennett, MBE born at West Norwood in London on 31 December 1914, and died at Thames Ditton, Surrey, on 24 September 1971, was a first-class cricketer who played for Northamptonshire for three seasons after the Second World War.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Imperial Palace (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Published in 1930, the year before Bennett's death, the novel follows the daily workings of a hotel modelled on the Savoy Hotel in London. The central character, Evelyn Orcham, is the director of the hotel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Thames Ditton", "paragraph_text": "Thames Ditton is a suburban village by and on the River Thames, in the Elmbridge borough of Surrey, England. Apart from a large inhabited island in the river, it lies on the southern bank, centred 12.2 miles (19.6\u00a0km) southwest of Charing Cross in central London. Thames Ditton is just outside Greater London but within the Greater London Urban Area as defined by the Office for National Statistics. Its clustered village centre and shopping area on a winding High Street is surrounded by housing, schools and sports areas. Its riverside faces the Thames Path and Hampton Court Palace Gardens and golf course in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Its most commercial area is spread throughout its conservation area and contains restaurants, caf\u00e9s, shops and businesses.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bodies: The Exhibition", "paragraph_text": "The exhibit is set up so that one starts at the skeletal system, and more layers (muscular, nervous, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems; as well as fetal development and the treated body) are added in successive rooms. Containing about twenty bodies in total, each exhibition uses real human bodies that have been preserved permanently by a process called ``polymer preservation ''(commonly referred to as`` plastination'') so that they will not decay. This exhibition is organized by the publicly traded corporation, Premier Exhibitions Incorporated, which also staged Bodies Revealed first in Seoul, South Korea and more recently in the US. The company received the cadavers for research from the Chinese government, who donated them because all the bodies at the time of death had no close next of kin or immediate families to claim the bodies. The dissections took place at the Dalian University in Liaoning, China and the resulting specimens were leased to Premier Exhibitions for the five - year duration of the show.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Paul Leo", "paragraph_text": "Paul Leo was the youngest son of the Classical Philologist Friedrich Leo (1851-1914) and C\u00e9cile Leo n\u00e9e Hensel (1858-1928). Both parents came from families who were assimilated German Jews, having converted to Lutheranism in the early 19th century. After the death of their father, the family lived in reduced circumstances that were made worse by the Depression of the 1920s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "paragraph_text": "That evening, Eisenhower's body was placed onto a train en route to Abilene, Kansas, the last time a funeral train has been used as part of funeral proceedings of an American president. His body arrived on April 2, and was interred later that day in a small chapel on the grounds of the Eisenhower Presidential Library. The president's body was buried as a General of the Army. The family used an $80 standard soldier's casket, and dressed Eisenhower's body in his famous short green jacket. His only medals worn were: the Army Distinguished Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Legion of Merit. Eisenhower is buried alongside his son Doud, who died at age 3 in 1921. His wife Mamie was buried next to him after her death in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sea of Sardinia", "paragraph_text": "The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 1st edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Europ\u00e9enne de Natation. The event took place between 18\u201322 August in Budapest, Hungary as an integrated part of the 1926 European Aquatics Championships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Sedimentary rock", "paragraph_text": "Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral or organic particles (detritus) to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. Before being deposited, the sediment was formed by weathering and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers, which are called agents of denudation. Sedimentation may also occur as minerals precipitate from water solution or shells of aquatic creatures settle out of suspension.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "No Place for Jennifer", "paragraph_text": "No Place for Jennifer is a 1950 British film directed by Henry Cass and starring Leo Genn, Rosamund John, Guy Middleton and Janette Scott.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Bodies: The Exhibition", "paragraph_text": "The exhibit is set up so that one starts at the skeletal system, and more layers (muscular, nervous, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems; as well as fetal development and the treated body) are added in successive rooms. Containing about twenty bodies in total, each exhibition uses real human bodies that have been preserved permanently by a process called ``polymer preservation ''so that they will not decay. This exhibition is organized by the publicly traded corporation, Premier Exhibitions Incorporated, which also staged Bodies Revealed first in Seoul, South Korea and more recently in the US. The company received the cadavers for research from the Chinese government, who donated them because all the bodies at the time of death had no close next of kin or immediate families to claim the bodies. The dissections took place at the Dalian University in Liaoning, China and the resulting specimens were leased to Premier Exhibitions for the five - year duration of the show.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Wayne Waddell", "paragraph_text": "Leo Wayne Waddell (born October 14, 1948) is a Shreveport businessman and a Republican former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from District 5 in Caddo Parish. He ran unopposed in the 2007 nonpartisan blanket primary but resigned before he completed his third term in the body.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Walker Pond", "paragraph_text": "Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)", "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Ekulu River", "paragraph_text": "The River Ekulu is a long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Dead Horse Bay", "paragraph_text": "Dead Horse Bay is a small water body off Barren Island, between the Gerritsen Inlet and Rockaway Inlet in the New York City borough of Brooklyn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Potamogeton amplifolius", "paragraph_text": "Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Which is the body of water by Leo Bennett's place of death?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 726892, "question": "Leo Bennett >> place of death", "answer": "Thames Ditton", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 131968, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?", "answer": "River Thames", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "River Thames", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1873}
{"id": "2hop__693157_131890", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Wapizagonke Lake", "paragraph_text": "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bahamas Association of Athletic Associations", "paragraph_text": "The Bahamas Association of Athletic Associations (BAAA) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in the Bahamas. Current president is Rosamunde Carey. She was elected on November 28 2015 for the period 2015-2018. She becomes the first woman elected to the position", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Powwow Pond", "paragraph_text": "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Contoocook Lake", "paragraph_text": "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Walker Pond", "paragraph_text": "Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Plankton", "paragraph_text": "Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)", "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Athlete (band)", "paragraph_text": "Athlete are an English indie rock band formed in Deptford, London, comprising Joel Pott (lead vocals and guitar), Carey Willetts (bass and backing vocals), Stephen Roberts (drums and backing vocals) and Tim Wanstall (keyboards and backing vocals).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ekulu River", "paragraph_text": "The River Ekulu is a long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dead Horse Bay", "paragraph_text": "Dead Horse Bay is a small water body off Barren Island, between the Gerritsen Inlet and Rockaway Inlet in the New York City borough of Brooklyn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Secchi disk", "paragraph_text": "The Secchi disk, as created in 1865 by Angelo Secchi, is a plain white, circular disk in diameter used to measure water transparency or turbidity in bodies of water. The disc is mounted on a pole or line, and lowered slowly down in the water. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is taken as a measure of the transparency of the water. This measure is known as the Secchi depth and is related to water turbidity. Since its invention, the disk has also been used in a modified, smaller diameter, black and white design to measure freshwater transparency.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Gir National Park", "paragraph_text": "Among the smaller mammals, porcupine and hare are common, but the pangolin is rare. The reptiles are represented by the mugger crocodile, tortoise and monitor lizard which inhabit the sanctuary's bodies of water. Snakes are found in the bush and forest. Pythons are sighted at times along the stream banks. Gir has been used by the Gujarat State Forest Department which formed the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project in 1977 and released close to 1000 marsh crocodiles into Lake Kamaleshwar and other small bodies of water in and around Gir.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Valdes Peninsula", "paragraph_text": "The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San Jos\u00e9, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Sea of Sardinia", "paragraph_text": "The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Lake Helena", "paragraph_text": "Lake Helena is a body of water along Prickly Pear Creek in the Helena Valley of Lewis and Clark County in southwestern Montana. It is in size and is above sea level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Deptford", "paragraph_text": "Deptford borders the areas of Brockley and Lewisham to the south, New Cross to the west and Rotherhithe to the north west; Deptford Creek divides it from Greenwich to the east, and the River Thames separates the area from the Isle of Dogs to the north east; it is contained within the London SE8 post code area. The area referred to as North Deptford is the only part of the London Borough of Lewisham to front the Thames and is sandwiched between Rotherhithe and Greenwich. Much of this riverside estate is populated by the former Naval Dockyards, now known as Convoys Wharf, the Pepys Estate and some eastern fringes of the old Surrey Commercial Docks.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Lake District", "paragraph_text": "The Lake District is located entirely within the county of Cumbria. All the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (914 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, Wast Water and Windermere.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "John Meyers (swimmer)", "paragraph_text": "John Meyers (June 28, 1880 \u2013 February 1975) was an American freestyle swimmer and water polo player who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri. In the 1904 Olympics he won a bronze medal as a member of the Missouri Athletic Club water polo team. He also competed in one-mile freestyle, but did not finish the competition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)", "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Splash Kingdom Waterpark", "paragraph_text": "Splash Kingdom Waterpark (formerly known as Pharaoh's Lost Kingdom) is an Egyptian-beach themed water park, trampoline park, and concert venue located in Redlands, California, United States. Splash Kingdom is the largest water park in the Inland Empire. The park is known for having the world's tallest enclosed body-flume waterslide, and the world's tallest free-standing water slide tower. Splash Kingdom also has a Fun Park which includes three race cart tracks, bumper boats, and mini golf. The park also boasts a concert amphitheater, sports bar, and arcade.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What is the body of water by the area where Athlete was formed?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 693157, "question": "Athlete >> location of formation", "answer": "Deptford", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}, {"id": 131890, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?", "answer": "River Thames", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}], "answer": "River Thames", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1454}
{"id": "2hop__611178_131968", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Plankton", "paragraph_text": "Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Alexey Chernyshyov", "paragraph_text": "Alexey Andreyevich Chernyshyov (; b.\u00a0March\u00a029, 1939) is the governor of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. He is a member of the Agrarian Party of Russia. He became the head of the oblast government in 1999. Chernyshyov is active in promoting Russia-Kazakhstan trade as Orenburg Oblast shares a long border with Kazakhstan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Potamogeton amplifolius", "paragraph_text": "Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mount Bosworth", "paragraph_text": "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Geography of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Amman Governorate", "paragraph_text": "The Amman Governorate has the largest population of the 12 governorates of Jordan. It borders Zarqa Governorate to the north and north east, the governorates of Balqa and Madaba to the west, Karak and Ma'an governorates to the south. It also shares an international border with Saudi Arabia from the east.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Smith Island, Maryland", "paragraph_text": "Smith Island is an island on the Chesapeake Bay, on the border of Maryland and Virginia territorial waters in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sea of Sardinia", "paragraph_text": "The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Leo Bennett", "paragraph_text": "Major Alfred Charles Leopold (Leo) Bennett, MBE born at West Norwood in London on 31 December 1914, and died at Thames Ditton, Surrey, on 24 September 1971, was a first-class cricketer who played for Northamptonshire for three seasons after the Second World War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Norway", "paragraph_text": "Norway has a total area of and a population of 5,312,300 (as of August 2018). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006\u00a0mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence also dominates Norway's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, also is a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Walker Pond", "paragraph_text": "Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Poovathani", "paragraph_text": "Poovathani is a small village bordering Malappuram and Palakkad Districts in Kerala, India. It is shared by three grama panchayaths: Thachanattukara, Aliparamba] and Thazhekode.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Rythe", "paragraph_text": "The Rythe is a river or stream in north Surrey, England which is generally open and which is a natural woodland feature for approximately half of its course before being variously culverted and a suburban garden feature, passing between Thames Ditton and Long Ditton, then discharging into the Thames, its longest branch is the Arbrook which drains Arbrook Common, a woodland of the mainly wooded Esher Commons.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)", "paragraph_text": "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Thames Ditton", "paragraph_text": "Thames Ditton is a suburban village by and on the River Thames, in the Elmbridge borough of Surrey, England. Apart from a large inhabited island in the river, it lies on the southern bank, centred 12.2 miles (19.6\u00a0km) southwest of Charing Cross in central London. Thames Ditton is just outside Greater London but within the Greater London Urban Area as defined by the Office for National Statistics. Its clustered village centre and shopping area on a winding High Street is surrounded by housing, schools and sports areas. Its riverside faces the Thames Path and Hampton Court Palace Gardens and golf course in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Its most commercial area is spread throughout its conservation area and contains restaurants, caf\u00e9s, shops and businesses.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Baranya County", "paragraph_text": "The county lies in southern Hungary, on the border with Croatia. The River Drava forms part of its southern border, and the River Danube its eastern border. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, and B\u00e1cs-Kiskun. The capital of Baranya county is P\u00e9cs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Canada\u2013United States border", "paragraph_text": "The Canada -- United States border (French: Fronti\u00e8re entre le Canada et les \u00c9tats - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Fronti\u00e8re internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Upper Klamath Lake", "paragraph_text": "Upper Klamath Lake (sometimes called Klamath Lake) (Klamath:? ews, ``lake '') is a large, shallow freshwater lake east of the Cascade Range in south - central Oregon in the United States. The largest body of fresh water by surface area in Oregon, it is approximately 25 miles (40 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide and extends northwest from the city of Klamath Falls. It sits at an average elevation of 4,140 feet (1,260 m).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Mono Basin", "paragraph_text": "The Mono Basin is an endorheic drainage basin located east of Yosemite National Park in California and Nevada. It is bordered to the west by the Sierra Nevada, to the east by the Cowtrack Mountains, to the north by the Bodie Hills, and to the south by the north ridge of the Long Valley Caldera.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Which is the body of water by the village which borders Long Ditton?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 611178, "question": "Long Ditton >> shares border with", "answer": "Thames Ditton", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 131968, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?", "answer": "River Thames", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}], "answer": "River Thames", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1800}
{"id": "2hop__728969_131890", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of mills in Longdendale and Glossopdale", "paragraph_text": "Mills in Glossop, Derbyshire and Tintwistle, Cheshire, England.The first mills were built in the 1760s, and were powered by the water of the River Etherow and its tributaries. As the industry developed, the mills changed hands, were demolished, were converted to use steam,or consolidated into larger units. They changed their names and their functions. Water powered mills were smaller than the later steam powered mills found in Greater Manchester.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Walker Pond", "paragraph_text": "Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Potamogeton amplifolius", "paragraph_text": "Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Clipper Mills, California", "paragraph_text": "Clipper Mills (also, Clipper Mill) is a census-designated place in Butte County, California. It lies at an elevation of 3550 feet (1082 m). Clipper Mills has a post office, first established in 1861 and moved in 1891. Its zip code is 95930. Clipper Mills's population was 142 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Donja Badanja", "paragraph_text": "Donja Badanja (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u043e\u045a\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0434\u0430\u045a\u0430, meaning 'a wooden pipe made of a hollowed trunk', often used to direct water on the wheel of a water-mill) is a village in western Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Loznica, in the Ma\u010dva District. Donja Badanja's current population is 510 (2002 census). According to 1991 census population was 670.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Perkins Tide Mill", "paragraph_text": "The Perkins Tide Mill was one of the last surviving 18th-century tide mills in the United States. Located on Mill Lane in Kennebunkport, Maine, it was built in 1749 and operated until 1939. It was destroyed by an arsonist in 1994. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, the property's present owners, the Kennebunkport Conservation Trust, are contemplating construction of a replica.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Muslim world", "paragraph_text": "Muslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date back to the 7th century, while horizontal-wheeled and vertical-wheeled water mills were both in widespread use since at least the 9th century. A variety of industrial mills were being employed in the Islamic world, including early fulling mills, gristmills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills and windmills. By the 11th century, every province throughout the Islamic world had these industrial mills in operation, from al-Andalus and North Africa to the Middle East and Central Asia. Muslim engineers also invented crankshafts and water turbines, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and pioneered the use of dams as a source of water power, used to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines. Such advances made it possible for industrial tasks that were previously driven by manual labour in ancient times to be mechanized and driven by machinery instead in the medieval Islamic world. The transfer of these technologies to medieval Europe had an influence on the Industrial Revolution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Don't judge a book by its cover", "paragraph_text": "In George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss (1860), Mr Tulliver uses the phrase in discussing Daniel Defoe's The History of the Devil, saying how it was beautifully bound.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "George Mills (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "George Robert Mills (born 29 December 1908 in Deptford, died 15 July 1970) was an English footballer, principally for Chelsea.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sea of Sardinia", "paragraph_text": "The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Female reproductive system", "paragraph_text": "The vagina is a fibromuscular (made up of fibrous and muscular tissue) canal leading from the outside of the body to the cervix of the uterus or womb. It is also referred to as the birth canal in the context of pregnancy. The vagina accommodates the male penis during sexual intercourse. Semen containing spermatazoa is ejaculated from the male at orgasm, into the vagina potentially enabling fertilization of the egg cell (ovum) to take place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Tenth Avenue Angel", "paragraph_text": "Tenth Avenue Angel is a 1948 American film directed by Roy Rowland and starring Margaret O'Brien, Angela Lansbury, and George Murphy. It chronicles the life and family of Flavia Mills (Margaret O'Brien) in the late 1930s. Filming took place 11 March\u201315 May 1946, with retakes in April 1947. However, the film was not released until February 20, 1948.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Lenoir Cotton Mill", "paragraph_text": "The Lenoir Cotton Mill was a 19th-century cotton mill located in the U.S. city of Lenoir City, Tennessee. One of the earliest examples of industrial architecture in Tennessee, the mill operated variously from its construction around 1830 until the 1950s. The mill was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in the 1970s. Efforts to restore the mill began in 1980, but before the restoration could be completed, the mill was destroyed by arson in 1991.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Edward T. Archibald House", "paragraph_text": "The Edward T. Archibald House is a historic farmhouse in Dundas, Minnesota, United States. The private home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on June 17, 1976. Built in the 1860s, the farmhouse is significant for its association with the prominent miller Edward T. Archibald, whose nearby Archibald Mill was an important mill in the history of Minnesota's flour milling industry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Deptford", "paragraph_text": "Deptford borders the areas of Brockley and Lewisham to the south, New Cross to the west and Rotherhithe to the north west; Deptford Creek divides it from Greenwich to the east, and the River Thames separates the area from the Isle of Dogs to the north east; it is contained within the London SE8 post code area. The area referred to as North Deptford is the only part of the London Borough of Lewisham to front the Thames and is sandwiched between Rotherhithe and Greenwich. Much of this riverside estate is populated by the former Naval Dockyards, now known as Convoys Wharf, the Pepys Estate and some eastern fringes of the old Surrey Commercial Docks.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 1st edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Europ\u00e9enne de Natation. The event took place between 18\u201322 August in Budapest, Hungary as an integrated part of the 1926 European Aquatics Championships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Valdes Peninsula", "paragraph_text": "The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San Jos\u00e9, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Sedimentary rock", "paragraph_text": "Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral or organic particles (detritus) to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. Before being deposited, the sediment was formed by weathering and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers, which are called agents of denudation. Sedimentation may also occur as minerals precipitate from water solution or shells of aquatic creatures settle out of suspension.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Plankton", "paragraph_text": "Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Lancashire", "paragraph_text": "Lancashire emerged as a major commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution. Manchester and Liverpool grew into its largest cities, dominating global trade and the birth of modern capitalism. The county contained several mill towns and the collieries of the Lancashire Coalfield. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire. Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Burnley, Bury, Chorley, Colne, Darwen, Nelson, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale and Wigan were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Which is the body of water near George Mills' place of birth?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 728969, "question": "George Mills >> place of birth", "answer": "Deptford", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}, {"id": 131890, "question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?", "answer": "River Thames", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "River Thames", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1868}
{"id": "2hop__30032_46621", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Solar energy", "paragraph_text": "In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In 1908 Shuman formed the Sun Power Company with the intent of building larger solar power plants. He, along with his technical advisor A.S.E. Ackermann and British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys, developed an improved system using mirrors to reflect solar energy upon collector boxes, increasing heating capacity to the extent that water could now be used instead of ether. Shuman then constructed a full-scale steam engine powered by low-pressure water, enabling him to patent the entire solar engine system by 1912.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Kurchatov Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Kurchatov Medal, or the Gold Medal in honour of Igor Kurchatov is an award given for outstanding achievements in nuclear physics and in the field of nuclear energy. The USSR Academy of Sciences established this award on February 9, 1960 in honour of Igor Kurchatov and in recognition of his lifetime contributions to the fields of nuclear physics, nuclear energy and nuclear engineering.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Beta decay", "paragraph_text": "In nuclear physics, beta decay (\u03b2 - decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta ray (fast energetic electron or positron) and a neutrino are emitted from an atomic nucleus. For example, beta decay of a neutron transforms it into a proton by the emission of an electron, or conversely a proton is converted into a neutron by the emission of a positron (positron emission), thus changing the nuclide type. Neither the beta particle nor its associated neutrino exist within the nucleus prior to beta decay, but are created in the decay process. By this process, unstable atoms obtain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons. The probability of a nuclide decaying due to beta and other forms of decay is determined by its nuclear binding energy. The binding energies of all existing nuclides form what is called the nuclear band or valley of stability. For either electron or positron emission to be energetically possible, the energy release (see below) or Q value must be positive.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "On 25 May 2011 the Swiss government announced that it plans to end its use of nuclear energy in the next 2 or 3 decades. \"The government has voted for a phaseout because we want to ensure a secure and autonomous supply of energy\", Energy Minister Doris Leuthard said that day at a press conference in Bern. \"Fukushima showed that the risk of nuclear power is too high, which in turn has also increased the costs of this energy form.\" The first reactor would reportedly be taken offline in 2019 and the last one in 2034. Parliament will discuss the plan in June 2011, and there could be a referendum as well.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Gibbs free energy", "paragraph_text": "In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (IUPAC recommended name: Gibbs energy or Gibbs function; also known as free enthalpy to distinguish it from Helmholtz free energy) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum of reversible work that may be performed by a thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure (isothermal, isobaric). The Gibbs free energy (\u0394Go = \u0394Ho - T\u0394So) (J in SI units) is the maximum amount of non-expansion work that can be extracted from a thermodynamically closed system (one that can exchange heat and work with its surroundings, but not matter); this maximum can be attained only in a completely reversible process. When a system transforms reversibly from an initial state to a final state, the decrease in Gibbs free energy equals the work done by the system to its surroundings, minus the work of the pressure forces.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Solar energy", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this energy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Force", "paragraph_text": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics. In macroscopic closed systems, nonconservative forces act to change the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat. According to the Second law of thermodynamics, nonconservative forces necessarily result in energy transformations within closed systems from ordered to more random conditions as entropy increases.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Heliocentrism", "paragraph_text": "Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Solar energy", "paragraph_text": "The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575\u201349,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "2005 Nobel Peace Prize", "paragraph_text": "The 2005 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to International Atomic Energy Agency and Mohamed ElBaradei \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Energy", "paragraph_text": "Another energy-related concept is called the Lagrangian, after Joseph-Louis Lagrange. This formalism is as fundamental as the Hamiltonian, and both can be used to derive the equations of motion or be derived from them. It was invented in the context of classical mechanics, but is generally useful in modern physics. The Lagrangian is defined as the kinetic energy minus the potential energy. Usually, the Lagrange formalism is mathematically more convenient than the Hamiltonian for non-conservative systems (such as systems with friction).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Energy", "paragraph_text": "In 1807, Thomas Young was possibly the first to use the term \"energy\" instead of vis viva, in its modern sense. Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis described \"kinetic energy\" in 1829 in its modern sense, and in 1853, William Rankine coined the term \"potential energy\". The law of conservation of energy was also first postulated in the early 19th century, and applies to any isolated system. It was argued for some years whether heat was a physical substance, dubbed the caloric, or merely a physical quantity, such as momentum. In 1845 James Prescott Joule discovered the link between mechanical work and the generation of heat.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "General Electric", "paragraph_text": "GE (General Electric) Energy's renewable energy business has expanded greatly, to keep up with growing U.S. and global demand for clean energy. Since entering the renewable energy industry in 2002, GE has invested more than $850 million in renewable energy commercialization. In August 2008 it acquired Kelman Ltd, a Northern Ireland company specializing in advanced monitoring and diagnostics technologies for transformers used in renewable energy generation, and announced an expansion of its business in Northern Ireland in May 2010. In 2009, GE's renewable energy initiatives, which include solar power, wind power and GE Jenbacher gas engines using renewable and non-renewable methane-based gases, employ more than 4,900 people globally and have created more than 10,000 supporting jobs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Renewable energy commercialization", "paragraph_text": "Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be \"primarily social and political, not technological or economic\". Jacobson says that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Solar energy", "paragraph_text": "It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Energy", "paragraph_text": "Common energy forms include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a fuel burns, the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object's temperature. All of the many forms of energy are convertible to other kinds of energy. In Newtonian physics, there is a universal law of conservation of energy which says that energy can be neither created nor be destroyed; however, it can change from one form to another.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "World energy consumption", "paragraph_text": "In 2016 while total world energy came from 80% fossil fuels, 10% biofuels, 5% nuclear and 5% renewable (hydro, wind, solar, geothermal), only 18% of that total world energy was in the form of electricity. Most of the other 82% was used for heat and transportation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Energy", "paragraph_text": "The total energy of a system can be subdivided and classified in various ways. For example, classical mechanics distinguishes between kinetic energy, which is determined by an object's movement through space, and potential energy, which is a function of the position of an object within a field. It may also be convenient to distinguish gravitational energy, thermal energy, several types of nuclear energy (which utilize potentials from the nuclear force and the weak force), electric energy (from the electric field), and magnetic energy (from the magnetic field), among others. Many of these classifications overlap; for instance, thermal energy usually consists partly of kinetic and partly of potential energy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Energy", "paragraph_text": "Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Energy", "paragraph_text": "The first law of thermodynamics asserts that energy (but not necessarily thermodynamic free energy) is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer. For homogeneous systems, with a well-defined temperature and pressure, a commonly used corollary of the first law is that, for a system subject only to pressure forces and heat transfer (e.g., a cylinder-full of gas) without chemical changes, the differential change in the internal energy of the system (with a gain in energy signified by a positive quantity) is given as", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When was the celestial body that transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy discovered to be the center of the solar system?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 30032, "question": "What transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy?", "answer": "Sun", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 46621, "question": "when was the #1 discovered to be the center of the solar system", "answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2358}
{"id": "2hop__135822_46621", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Dalton Minimum", "paragraph_text": "The Dalton Minimum was a period of low sunspot count, representing low solar activity, named after the English meteorologist John Dalton, lasting from about 1790 to 1830 or 1796 to 1820, corresponding to the period solar cycle 4 to solar cycle 7.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Valles Marineris", "paragraph_text": "Valles Marineris (Latin for \"Mariner Valleys\", named after the \"Mariner 9\" Mars orbiter of 1971\u201372 which discovered it) is a system of canyons that runs along the Martian surface east of the Tharsis region. At more than long, wide and up to deep, Valles Marineris is one of the largest canyons of the Solar System, surpassed in length only by the rift valleys of Earth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sun", "paragraph_text": "The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process. It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers, i.e. 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~ 73%); the rest is mostly helium (~ 25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center", "paragraph_text": "Goddard Space Flight Center is NASA's first, and oldest, space center. It is named after Dr. Robert H. Goddard, the father of modern rocketry. Throughout its history, the center has managed, developed, and operated many notable missions, including the Cosmic Background Explorer, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Solar energy", "paragraph_text": "The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range. Socrates' Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design. The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together solar lighting, heating and ventilation systems in an integrated solar design package. Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can complement passive design and improve system performance.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Jupiter", "paragraph_text": "Jupiter has been called the Solar System's vacuum cleaner, because of its immense gravity well and location near the inner Solar System. It receives the most frequent comet impacts of the Solar System's planets. It was thought that the planet served to partially shield the inner system from cometary bombardment. However, recent computer simulations suggest that Jupiter does not cause a net decrease in the number of comets that pass through the inner Solar System, as its gravity perturbs their orbits inward roughly as often as it accretes or ejects them. This topic remains controversial among scientists, as some think it draws comets towards Earth from the Kuiper belt while others think that Jupiter protects Earth from the alleged Oort cloud. Jupiter experiences about 200 times more asteroid and comet impacts than Earth.A 1997 survey of early astronomical records and drawings suggested that a certain dark surface feature discovered by astronomer Giovanni Cassini in 1690 may have been an impact scar. The survey initially produced eight more candidate sites as potential impact observations that he and others had recorded between 1664 and 1839. It was later determined, however, that these candidate sites had little or no possibility of being the results of the proposed impacts.More recent discoveries include the following:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Olympus Mons", "paragraph_text": "Olympus Mons (/ \u0259\u02ccl\u026amp\u0259s \u02c8m\u0252nz, o\u028a -, - \u02c8m\u0252ns /; Latin for Mount Olympus) is a very large shield volcano on the planet Mars. By one measure, it has a height of nearly 22 km (13.6 mi or 72,000 ft). Olympus Mons stands about two and a half times as tall as Mount Everest's height above sea level. It is the tallest mountain of all planets and other rounded bodies in the Solar System, and is the second tallest mountain in the Solar System overall, after Rheasilvia on the Asteroid Vesta. It is the youngest of the large volcanoes on Mars, having formed during Mars's Hesperian Period. It is currently the largest volcano discovered in the Solar System and had been known to astronomers since the late 19th century as the albedo feature Nix Olympica (Latin for ``Olympic Snow ''). Its mountainous nature was suspected well before space probes confirmed its identity as a mountain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Charles T. Kowal", "paragraph_text": "Charles Thomas Kowal (November 8, 1940 \u2013 November 28, 2011) was an American astronomer known for his observations and discoveries in the Solar System. As a staff astronomer at Caltech's Mount Wilson and Palomar Mountain observatories between 1961 and 1984, he found the first of a new class of Solar System objects, the centaurs, discovered two moons of the planet Jupiter, and discovered or co-discovered a number of asteroids, comets and supernovae. He was awarded the James Craig Watson Medal for his contributions to astronomy in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Wonders of the Solar System", "paragraph_text": "Wonders of the Solar System is a 2010 television series co-produced by the BBC and Science Channel, and hosted by physicist Brian Cox. \"Wonders of the Solar System\" was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 7 March 2010. The series comprises five episodes, each of which focuses on an aspect of the Solar System and features a 'wonder' relevant to the theme. The series was described as one of the most successful to appear on BBC Two in recent years. An accompanying book with the same name was also published.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Solar energy", "paragraph_text": "It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first meteorite was found in 1912, and named the Adelie Land meteorite. In 1969, a Japanese expedition discovered nine meteorites. Most of these meteorites have fallen onto the ice sheet in the last million years. Motion of the ice sheet tends to concentrate the meteorites at blocking locations such as mountain ranges, with wind erosion bringing them to the surface after centuries beneath accumulated snowfall. Compared with meteorites collected in more temperate regions on Earth, the Antarctic meteorites are well-preserved.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Fierbin\u021bi Solar Park", "paragraph_text": "Fierbin\u0163i Solar Park, a large thin-film photovoltaic (PV) power system, is being built on a 4 ha plot of land near the Fierbin\u021bi-T\u00e2rg commune in Romania. The power plant will be a 10-megawatt solar power system using state-of-the-art thin film technology, and should be finished by the end of 2012. The solar park is expected to supply 4,000\u00a0MWh of electricity per year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Heliocentrism", "paragraph_text": "Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "NGC 210", "paragraph_text": "NGC 210 is a barred spiral galaxy located roughly 67 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on October 3, 1785 by William Herschel and later added to the New General Catalogue.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Solgr\u00e4nd", "paragraph_text": "Solgr\u00e4nd (Swedish: \"Sun Alley\") is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden. It connects the Stortorget square to the street Pr\u00e4stgatan. It is a parallel street to Storkyrkobrinken, Ankargr\u00e4nd, Spektens gr\u00e4nd, and K\u00e5kbrinken.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Solar power in Germany", "paragraph_text": "Solar power in Germany consists almost exclusively of photovoltaics (PV) and accounted for an estimated 6.2 to 6.9 percent of the country's net - electricity generation in 2016. About 1.5 million photovoltaic systems were installed around the country in 2014, ranging from small rooftop systems, to medium commercial and large utility - scale solar parks. Germany's largest solar farms are located in Meuro, Neuhardenberg, and Templin with capacities over 100 MW. Solar heating does not use solar energy for power generation and is therefore not included in this article.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Dorsa Barlow", "paragraph_text": "Dorsa Barlow is a wrinkle ridge system on the Moon, in Mare Tranquilitatis near the border with Mare Serenitatis, centered at . It is about 110 km long and was named after British crystallographer William Barlow in 1976.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Mercury (planet)", "paragraph_text": "Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System. Its orbital period around the Sun of 88 days is the shortest of all the planets in the Solar System. It is named after the Roman deity Mercury, the messenger to the gods.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Arsia Mons", "paragraph_text": "Arsia Mons is the southernmost of three volcanos (collectively known as Tharsis Montes) on the Tharsis bulge near the equator of the planet Mars. To its north is Pavonis Mons, and north of that is Ascraeus Mons. The tallest volcano in the Solar System, Olympus Mons, is to its northwest. Its name comes from a corresponding albedo feature on a map by Giovanni Schiaparelli, which he named in turn after the legendary Roman forest of Arsia Silva.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Nebular hypothesis", "paragraph_text": "The birth of the modern widely accepted theory of planetary formation -- the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) -- can be traced to the Soviet astronomer Victor Safronov. His 1969 book Evolution of the protoplanetary cloud and formation of the Earth and the planets, which was translated to English in 1972, had a long - lasting effect on the way scientists think about the formation of the planets. In this book almost all major problems of the planetary formation process were formulated and some of them solved. Safronov's ideas were further developed in the works of George Wetherill, who discovered runaway accretion. While originally applied only to the Solar System, the SNDM was subsequently thought by theorists to be at work throughout the Universe; as of 1 December 2017 astronomers have discovered 3,710 extrasolar planets in our galaxy.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When was the star to which Solgr\u00e4nd is named after discovered to be the center of the solar system?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 135822, "question": "What is Solgr\u00e4nd named after?", "answer": "Sun", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 46621, "question": "when was the #1 discovered to be the center of the solar system", "answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2291}
{"id": "2hop__581084_828685", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993", "paragraph_text": "The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) is a United States labor law requiring covered employers to provide employees with job - protected and unpaid leave for qualified medical and family reasons. These include pregnancy, adoption, foster care placement of a child, personal or family illness, or family military leave. The FMLA is administered by the Wage and Hour Division of the United States Department of Labor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "University of Pennsylvania v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission", "paragraph_text": "University of Pennsylvania v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 493 U.S. 182 (1990), is a US labor law case of the US Supreme Court holding neither common law evidentiary privilege, nor First Amendment academic freedom protects peer review materials that are relevant to charges of racial or sexual discrimination in tenure decisions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ministry of Employment and Labor", "paragraph_text": "South Korea's Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL, \uace0\uc6a9\ub178\ub3d9\ubd80) is a cabinet-level ministry overseeing labor affairs. Its predecessor agency, the Division of Labor, was established under the direction of the Minister of Social Affairs (\uc0ac\ud68c\ubd80\uc7a5\uad00) on 11 November 1948. It was upgraded to a cabinet ministry on 8 April 1981.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Full-time", "paragraph_text": "Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Crawford Vaughan", "paragraph_text": "Crawford Vaughan (14 July 1874 \u2013 15 December 1947) was an Australian politician, and the Premier of South Australia from 1915 to 1917. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1905 to 1918, representing Torrens (1905\u20131915) and Sturt (1915\u20131918). Elected for the United Labor Party, he served as Treasurer in the Verran government, succeeded Verran as Labor leader in 1913, and was elected Premier after the Labor victory at the 1915 state election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "United States Department of Labor", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Congress first established a Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1884 with the Bureau of Labor Act, to collect information about labor and employment. This bureau was under the Department of the Interior. The Bureau started collecting economic data in 1884, and published their first report in 1886. Later, the Bureau of Labor became an independent Department of Labor but lacked executive rank. It became a bureau again within the Department of Commerce and Labor, which was established February 15, 1903. President William Howard Taft signed the March 4, 1913 (the last day of his presidency) bill, establishing the Department of Labor as a Cabinet - level Department. William B. Wilson was appointed as the first Secretary of Labor on March 5, 1913 by President Wilson. Secretary Wilson chaired the first meeting of the International Labour Organization in October 1919, even though the U.S. was not yet a member.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Northwestern Elevated Railroad", "paragraph_text": "The Northwestern Elevated Railroad was the last of the privately constructed rapid transit lines to be built in Chicago. The line ran from the Loop in downtown Chicago north to Wilson Avenue in Chicago's Uptown neighborhood with a branch to Ravenswood and Albany Park that left the main line at Clark Street. The Ravenswood line is now operated as the Brown Line, while the Main Line is used by the Purple and Red Lines.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Kate Bronfenbrenner", "paragraph_text": "Kate Bronfenbrenner (March 23, 1954) is the Director of Labor Education Research at the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. She is a leading authority on successful strategies in labor union organizing, and on the effects of outsourcing and offshoring on workers and worker rights.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Child labor laws in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The common legal opinion on federal child labor regulation reversed in the 1930s. Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938 regulating the employment of those under 16 or 18 years of age, and the Supreme Court upheld the law. After this shift, the amendment has been described as ``moot ''and effectively part of the Constitution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Tyler Blackburn", "paragraph_text": "Tyler Blackburn (born October 12, 1986) is an American actor, singer and model. He is best known for playing Caleb Rivers on the hit Freeform series Pretty Little Liars and its spin - off, Ravenswood.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Industrial and Labor Relations Review", "paragraph_text": "Industrial and Labor Relations Review (ILR Review) is a publication of the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. It is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research on all aspects of industrial relations. The editors are Rosemary Batt and Lawrence M. Kahn (Cornell University). The target audience is composed of academics and practitioners in labor and employment relations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "North Ravenswood, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "North Ravenswood is a neighborhood of Ravenswood in Jackson County, West Virginia, and a former unincorporated community. It used to be named Elford, and have its own post office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ravenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor", "paragraph_text": "Ravenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor is a labor history book by Kate Bronfenbrenner and Tom Juravich.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "South Tenth Street Bridge", "paragraph_text": "South Tenth Street Bridge, most often called the Tenth Street Bridge, but officially dubbed the Philip Murray Bridge, is a suspension bridge spanning the Monongahela River in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The bridge was renamed on Labor Day 2007 for Philip Murray, the first president of the United Steelworkers of America.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Girl", "paragraph_text": "Gender influences the pattern of child labor. Girls tend to be asked by their families to perform more domestic work in their parental home than boys are, and often at younger ages than boys. Employment as a paid domestic worker is the most common form of child labor for girls. In some places, such as East and Southeast Asia, parents often see work as a domestic servant as a good preparation for marriage. Domestic service, however, is among the least regulated of all professions, and exposes workers to serious risks, such as violence, exploitation and abuse by the employers, because the workers are often isolated from the outside world. Child labor has a very negative effect on education. Girls either stop their education, or, when they continue it, they are often subjected to a double burden, or a triple burden of work outside the home, housework in the parental home, and schoolwork. This situation is common in places such as parts of Asia and Latin America.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Consett railway station", "paragraph_text": "Consett railway station was a railway station on the Stanhope and Tyne Railway, in County Durham, Northern England. It served the industrial town of Consett, which was best known for its steelworks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Sipag Pinoy", "paragraph_text": "The Sipag Pinoy is a publication of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) of the national government of the Philippines. Its office is located in Intramuros, Manila. It contains news and articles on industrial relations, officials and employees, labor laws and legislation, and other issues and trends in the labor sector in the Philippines.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Full employment", "paragraph_text": "The 20th century British economist William Beveridge stated that an unemployment rate of 3% was full employment. For the United States, economist William T. Dickens found that full - employment unemployment rate varied a lot over time but equaled about 5.5 percent of the civilian labor force during the 2000s. Recently, economists have emphasized the idea that full employment represents a ``range ''of possible unemployment rates. For example, in 1999, in the United States, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gives an estimate of the`` full - employment unemployment rate'' of 4 to 6.4%. This is the estimated unemployment rate at full employment, plus & minus the standard error of the estimate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Vikmanshyttan", "paragraph_text": "Vikmanshyttan is a locality situated in Hedemora Municipality, Dalarna County, Sweden with 843 inhabitants in 2010. On site the \"Steelworks Museum of Vikmanshyttan\" is maintained as a museum of regional industrial history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Albert M\u00e9tin", "paragraph_text": "Emile Albert M\u00e9tin (28 January 1871 \u2013 16 August 1918) was a French professor of history and geography, a prolific author and a politician who was twice Minister of Labor and Social Welfare.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who employs the author of \"Ravenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor\"?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 581084, "question": "Ravenswood: The Steelworkers' Victory and the Revival of American Labor >> author", "answer": "Kate Bronfenbrenner", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 828685, "question": "#1 >> employer", "answer": "Cornell University", "paragraph_support_idx": 7}], "answer": "Cornell University", "answer_aliases": ["Cornell"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1734}
{"id": "2hop__40697_46621", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Oxygen", "paragraph_text": "Planetary geologists have measured different abundances of oxygen isotopes in samples from the Earth, the Moon, Mars, and meteorites, but were long unable to obtain reference values for the isotope ratios in the Sun, believed to be the same as those of the primordial solar nebula. Analysis of a silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind in space and returned by the crashed Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth. The measurement implies that an unknown process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains that formed the Earth.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Force", "paragraph_text": "What we now call gravity was not identified as a universal force until the work of Isaac Newton. Before Newton, the tendency for objects to fall towards the Earth was not understood to be related to the motions of celestial objects. Galileo was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects by determining that the acceleration of every object in free-fall was constant and independent of the mass of the object. Today, this acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth is usually designated as  and has a magnitude of about 9.81 meters per second squared (this measurement is taken from sea level and may vary depending on location), and points toward the center of the Earth. This observation means that the force of gravity on an object at the Earth's surface is directly proportional to the object's mass. Thus an object that has a mass of  will experience a force:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Heliocentrism", "paragraph_text": "Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Olympus Mons", "paragraph_text": "Olympus Mons (/ \u0259\u02ccl\u026amp\u0259s \u02c8m\u0252nz, o\u028a -, - \u02c8m\u0252ns /; Latin for Mount Olympus) is a very large shield volcano on the planet Mars. By one measure, it has a height of nearly 22 km (13.6 mi or 72,000 ft). Olympus Mons stands about two and a half times as tall as Mount Everest's height above sea level. It is the tallest mountain of all planets and other rounded bodies in the Solar System, and is the second tallest mountain in the Solar System overall, after Rheasilvia on the Asteroid Vesta. It is the youngest of the large volcanoes on Mars, having formed during Mars's Hesperian Period. It is currently the largest volcano discovered in the Solar System and had been known to astronomers since the late 19th century as the albedo feature Nix Olympica (Latin for ``Olympic Snow ''). Its mountainous nature was suspected well before space probes confirmed its identity as a mountain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "WASP-12", "paragraph_text": "In 2008, the extrasolar planet WASP-12b was discovered orbiting WASP-12 by the transit method. Its high carbon-to-oxygen ratio indicates that rocky planets that might have formed in the star system; it may be a carbon planet.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Moons of Jupiter", "paragraph_text": "There are 69 known moons of Jupiter. This gives Jupiter the largest number of moons with reasonably stable orbits of any planet in the Solar System. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered and have received the names of lovers or daughters of the Roman god Jupiter or his Greek equivalent Zeus. The Galilean moons are by far the largest and most massive objects to orbit Jupiter, with the remaining 65 known moons and the rings together comprising just 0.003% of the total orbiting mass.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Kappa Fornacis", "paragraph_text": "In terms of an object on the celestial sphere, Kappa Fornacis is a fifth magnitude star that lies close to the border between the northerly border of Fornax with Cetus. At magnitude 5.2, it is approximately the seventh-brightest star in the constellation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Time", "paragraph_text": "Time has long been a major subject of study in religion, philosophy, and science, but defining it in a manner applicable to all fields without circularity has consistently eluded scholars. Nevertheless, diverse fields such as business, industry, sports, the sciences, and the performing arts all incorporate some notion of time into their respective measuring systems. Some simple definitions of time include \"time is what clocks measure\", which is a problematically vague and self-referential definition that utilizes the device used to measure the subject as the definition of the subject, and \"time is what keeps everything from happening at once\", which is without substantive meaning in the absence of the definition of simultaneity in the context of the limitations of human sensation, observation of events, and the perception of such events.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hellenistic period", "paragraph_text": "Astronomers like Hipparchus (c.\u2009190 \u2013 c.\u2009120 BC) built upon the measurements of the Babylonian astronomers before him, to measure the precession of the Earth. Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wished to preserve astronomical record of the stars, so that other new stars could be discovered. It has recently been claimed that a celestial globe based on Hipparchus's star catalog sits atop the broad shoulders of a large 2nd-century Roman statue known as the Farnese Atlas. Another astronomer, Aristarchos of Samos developed a heliocentric system.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Oxygen", "paragraph_text": "Oxygen was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774, but Priestley is often given priority because his work was published first. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion. Its name derives from the Greek roots \u1f40\u03be\u03cd\u03c2 oxys, \"acid\", literally \"sharp\", referring to the sour taste of acids and -\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 -genes, \"producer\", literally \"begetter\", because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition. Common uses of oxygen includes the production cycle of steel, plastics and textiles, brazing, welding and cutting of steels and other metals, rocket propellant, in oxygen therapy and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "PSR J1719\u22121438", "paragraph_text": "PSR J1719-1438 was discovered in 2011 by the High Time Resolution Survey, a radio astronomy search for astronomical objects that rapidly vary in radio brightness, such as pulsars. Timing measurements using the Parkes Telescope and Lovell Telescope showed that it has a low-mass companion: PSR J1719-1438 b. The companion has a mass similar to that of Jupiter, but 40% of the diameter. It orbits the pulsar with a period of 2 hours 10 minutes and 37 seconds, at a distance of around 600,000\u00a0km (0.89 solar radii). The companion is likely the remnant of a star whose outer layers were siphoned off by the more massive pulsar. Calculations show the companion has a minimum density of 23 grams per cubic centimeter and is probably an ultra-low-mass carbon\u2013oxygen white dwarf.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Force", "paragraph_text": "In this equation, a dimensional constant  is used to describe the relative strength of gravity. This constant has come to be known as Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant, though its value was unknown in Newton's lifetime. Not until 1798 was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of  using a torsion balance; this was widely reported in the press as a measurement of the mass of the Earth since knowing  could allow one to solve for the Earth's mass given the above equation. Newton, however, realized that since all celestial bodies followed the same laws of motion, his law of gravity had to be universal. Succinctly stated, Newton's Law of Gravitation states that the force on a spherical object of mass  due to the gravitational pull of mass  is", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Charles T. Kowal", "paragraph_text": "Charles Thomas Kowal (November 8, 1940 \u2013 November 28, 2011) was an American astronomer known for his observations and discoveries in the Solar System. As a staff astronomer at Caltech's Mount Wilson and Palomar Mountain observatories between 1961 and 1984, he found the first of a new class of Solar System objects, the centaurs, discovered two moons of the planet Jupiter, and discovered or co-discovered a number of asteroids, comets and supernovae. He was awarded the James Craig Watson Medal for his contributions to astronomy in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "NGC 210", "paragraph_text": "NGC 210 is a barred spiral galaxy located roughly 67 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on October 3, 1785 by William Herschel and later added to the New General Catalogue.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "NGC 47", "paragraph_text": "NGC 47 (also known as NGC 58, MCG -1-1-55, IRAS00119-0726 and PGC 967) is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus, discovered in 1886 by Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel. Its alternate name NGC 58 is due to the observation by Lewis Swift, who was unaware that Tempel had already discovered the celestial object earlier. It appears as a small, faint spiral nebula with a bright core and is slightly oval.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Galactic year", "paragraph_text": "The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Estimates of the length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 828,000 km / h (230 km / s) or 514,000 mph (143 mi / s) within its trajectory around the galactic center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately one 1300th of the speed of light.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Galactic year", "paragraph_text": "The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Estimates of the length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 828,000 km / h (230 km / s) or 514,000 mph (143 mi / s) within its trajectory around the galactic center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately 1 / 1300 of the speed of light.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "GD 40", "paragraph_text": "GD 40 is a white dwarf in the constellation Cetus. The star's spectrum has been found to show traces of external of metal contamination due to disruption of an extrasolar dwarf planet or an asteroid. The disrupted object should have had roughly the same mass of the Solar System asteroid 3 Juno.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Olympus Mons", "paragraph_text": "Olympus Mons (; Latin for Mount Olympus) is a very large shield volcano on the planet Mars. The volcano has a height of nearly 22\u00a0km (13.6\u00a0mi or 72,000\u00a0ft) as measured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Olympus Mons is about two and a half times Mount Everest's height above sea level. It is the largest volcano, the tallest planetary mountain, and the second tallest mountain currently discovered in the Solar System, comparable to Rheasilvia on Vesta. In terms of surface area, Olympus Mons is the second-largest volcano in the solar system, second only to Earth's Tamu Massif. Olympus Mons is the youngest of the large volcanoes on Mars, having formed during Mars's Hesperian Period. It had been known to astronomers since the late 19th century as the albedo feature Nix Olympica (Latin for \"Olympic Snow\"). Its mountainous nature was suspected well before space probes confirmed its identity as a mountain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Noon", "paragraph_text": "Solar noon is when the Sun transits the local celestial meridian; this is when the sun is at its highest altitude in the sky, at 12 noon apparent solar time. The local or clock time of solar noon depends on the longitude and date.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When was the celestial object that eluded efforts to measure oxygen discovered to be the center of the solar system?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 40697, "question": "What celestial object eluded efforts to measure oxygen?", "answer": "the Sun", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 46621, "question": "when was the #1 discovered to be the center of the solar system", "answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}], "answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2591}
{"id": "2hop__157737_46621", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kuiper belt", "paragraph_text": "The Kuiper belt (/ \u02c8ka\u026ap\u0259r / or Dutch pronunciation: ('k\u0153y\u032fp\u0259r)), occasionally called the Edgeworth -- Kuiper belt, is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. It is similar to the asteroid belt, but is far larger -- 20 times as wide and 20 to 200 times as massive. Like the asteroid belt, it consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed. While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal, most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed ``ices ''), such as methane, ammonia and water. The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets: Pluto, Haumea and Makemake. Some of the Solar System's moons, such as Neptune's Triton and Saturn's Phoebe, may have originated in the region.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Galactic year", "paragraph_text": "The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Estimates of the length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 828,000 km / h (230 km / s) or 514,000 mph (143 mi / s) within its trajectory around the galactic center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately one 1300th of the speed of light.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Kepler-10c", "paragraph_text": "Kepler-10c is an exoplanet orbiting the G-type star Kepler-10, located around 568 light-years away in Draco. Its discovery was announced by Kepler in May 2011, although it had been seen as a planetary candidate since January 2011, when Kepler-10b was discovered. The team confirmed the observation using data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and a technique called Blender that ruled out most false positives. Kepler-10c was the third transiting planet to be confirmed statistically (based on probability rather than actual observation), after Kepler-9d and Kepler-11g. The Kepler team considers the statistical method that led to the discovery of Kepler-10c as what will be necessary to confirm many planets in Kepler's field of view.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Force", "paragraph_text": "Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force. This law is an extension of Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with a lack of net force (see a more detailed description of this below). Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia that functions as the fundamental equilibrium \"natural state\" in place of the Aristotelian idea of the \"natural state of rest\". That is, the first law contradicts the intuitive Aristotelian belief that a net force is required to keep an object moving with constant velocity. By making rest physically indistinguishable from non-zero constant velocity, Newton's First Law directly connects inertia with the concept of relative velocities. Specifically, in systems where objects are moving with different velocities, it is impossible to determine which object is \"in motion\" and which object is \"at rest\". In other words, to phrase matters more technically, the laws of physics are the same in every inertial frame of reference, that is, in all frames related by a Galilean transformation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Galactic year", "paragraph_text": "The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Estimates of the length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 828,000 km / h (230 km / s) or 514,000 mph (143 mi / s) within its trajectory around the galactic center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately 1 / 1300 of the speed of light.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Solar energy", "paragraph_text": "Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the concentrating linear fresnel reflector, the Stirling dish and the solar power tower. Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "NGC 210", "paragraph_text": "NGC 210 is a barred spiral galaxy located roughly 67 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on October 3, 1785 by William Herschel and later added to the New General Catalogue.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Moons of Jupiter", "paragraph_text": "There are 69 known moons of Jupiter. This gives Jupiter the largest number of moons with reasonably stable orbits of any planet in the Solar System. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered and have received the names of lovers or daughters of the Roman god Jupiter or his Greek equivalent Zeus. The Galilean moons are by far the largest and most massive objects to orbit Jupiter, with the remaining 65 known moons and the rings together comprising just 0.003% of the total orbiting mass.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Heliocentrism", "paragraph_text": "Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Discovery and exploration of the Solar System", "paragraph_text": "For many thousands of years, astronomers maintained a geocentric world view and did not recognize the existence of a Solar System. Most believed Earth was stationary at the center of the Universe and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky. Although the Greek philosopher Aristarchus of Samos had speculated on a heliocentric reordering of the cosmos, Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century developed a mathematically predictive heliocentric system. His 17th - century successors, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton, developed a modern understanding of physics that led to the gradual acceptance of the idea that Earth moves around the Sun and that the planets are governed by the same physical laws that govern Earth. In more recent times, this led to the investigation of geological phenomena such as mountains and craters and seasonal meteorological phenomena such as clouds, dust storms, and ice caps on the other planets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Solar System", "paragraph_text": "Kepler's laws of planetary motion describe the orbits of objects about the Sun. Following Kepler's laws, each object travels along an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. Objects closer to the Sun (with smaller semi-major axes) travel more quickly because they are more affected by the Sun's gravity. On an elliptical orbit, a body's distance from the Sun varies over the course of its year. A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its perihelion, whereas its most distant point from the Sun is called its aphelion. The orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids, and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits. The positions of the bodies in the Solar System can be predicted using numerical models.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Wilhelm Schickard", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Schickard (22 April 1592 \u2013 24 October 1635) was a German professor of Hebrew and Astronomy who became famous in the second part of the 20th century after Dr. Franz Hammer, a biographer (along with Max Caspar) of Johannes Kepler, claimed that the drawings of a calculating clock, predating the public release of Pascal's calculator by twenty years, had been discovered in two unknown letters written by Schickard to Johannes Kepler in 1623 and 1624.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Kepler's laws of planetary motion", "paragraph_text": "Most planetary orbits are nearly circular, and careful observation and calculation are required in order to establish that they are not perfectly circular. Calculations of the orbit of Mars, whose published values are somewhat suspect, indicated an elliptical orbit. From this, Johannes Kepler inferred that other bodies in the Solar System, including those farther away from the Sun, also have elliptical orbits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Kepler-90", "paragraph_text": "On 14 December 2017, NASA and Google announced the discovery of an eighth planet, Kepler - 90i, in the Kepler - 90 system: the discovery was made using a new machine learning method developed by Google.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Charles T. Kowal", "paragraph_text": "Charles Thomas Kowal (November 8, 1940 \u2013 November 28, 2011) was an American astronomer known for his observations and discoveries in the Solar System. As a staff astronomer at Caltech's Mount Wilson and Palomar Mountain observatories between 1961 and 1984, he found the first of a new class of Solar System objects, the centaurs, discovered two moons of the planet Jupiter, and discovered or co-discovered a number of asteroids, comets and supernovae. He was awarded the James Craig Watson Medal for his contributions to astronomy in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "GD 40", "paragraph_text": "GD 40 is a white dwarf in the constellation Cetus. The star's spectrum has been found to show traces of external of metal contamination due to disruption of an extrasolar dwarf planet or an asteroid. The disrupted object should have had roughly the same mass of the Solar System asteroid 3 Juno.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Planck constant", "paragraph_text": "The assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule, the Stefan\u2013Boltzmann law (1879\u201384). But it was also known that the colour of the light given off by a hot object changes with the temperature, so that \"white hot\" is hotter than \"red hot\". Nevertheless, Wilhelm Wien discovered the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures, by using the principle of adiabatic invariance. At each different temperature, the curve is moved over by Wien's displacement law (1893). Wien also proposed an approximation for the spectrum of the object, which was correct at high frequencies (short wavelength) but not at low frequencies (long wavelength). It still was not clear why the spectrum of a hot object had the form that it has (see diagram).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Valles Marineris", "paragraph_text": "Valles Marineris (Latin for \"Mariner Valleys\", named after the \"Mariner 9\" Mars orbiter of 1971\u201372 which discovered it) is a system of canyons that runs along the Martian surface east of the Tharsis region. At more than long, wide and up to deep, Valles Marineris is one of the largest canyons of the Solar System, surpassed in length only by the rift valleys of Earth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Kepler-4", "paragraph_text": "Kepler-4 is a sunlike star located about 1610 light-years away in the constellation Draco. It is in the field of view of the Kepler Mission, a NASA operation purposed with finding Earth-like planets. Kepler-4b, a Neptune-sized planet that orbits extremely close to its star, was discovered in its orbit and made public by the Kepler team on January 4, 2010. Kepler-4b was the first discovery by the Kepler satellite, and its confirmation helped to demonstrate the spacecraft's effectiveness.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Kepler-452b", "paragraph_text": "Kepler-452b (a planet sometimes quoted to be an Earth 2.0 or Earth's Cousin based on its characteristics; known sometimes as Coruscant by NASA, also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-7016.01) is an exoplanet orbiting the Sun-like star Kepler-452 about 1,402 light-years (430 pc) from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It was identified by the Kepler space telescope, and its discovery was announced by NASA on 23 July 2015. However, a study in 2018 by Mullally et al. implied that statistically, Kepler-452b has not been proven to exist and must still be considered a candidate. It is the first potentially rocky super-Earth planet discovered orbiting within the habitable zone of a star very similar to the Sun.The planet is about 1,400 light-years away from the Solar System. At the speed of the New Horizons spacecraft, about 59,000 km/h (37,000 mph), it would take approximately 26 million years to get there.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When was the celestial body that all objects focus on according to Kepler's laws discovered to be the center of the solar system?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 157737, "question": "What do all objects focus on according to Kepler's laws?", "answer": "Sun", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 46621, "question": "when was the #1 discovered to be the center of the solar system", "answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2645}
{"id": "2hop__39063_212301", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably with Nicolas Delamare's Trait\u00e9 de la Police (\"Treatise on the Police\"), first published in 1705. The German Polizeiwissenschaft (Science of Police) first theorized by Philipp von H\u00f6rnigk a 17th-century Austrian Political economist and civil servant and much more famously by Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi who produced an important theoretical work known as Cameral science on the formulation of police. Foucault cites Magdalene Humpert author of Bibliographie der Kameralwissenschaften (1937) in which the author makes note of a substantial bibliography was produced of over 4000 pieces of the practice of Polizeiwissenschaft however, this maybe a mistranslation of Foucault's own work the actual source of Magdalene Humpert states over 14,000 items were produced from the 16th century dates ranging from 1520-1850.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Eli Langer", "paragraph_text": "Eli Langer (born 1967 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian visual artist. Langer rose to prominence in 1993, while 26 years old, in the Toronto art world with a solo exhibition at the Mercer Union Gallery in Toronto. The exhibition consisted of 8 paintings and 50 drawings addressing various issues of childhood sexuality. Toronto police raided the exhibition under Canada's new child pornography legislation and seized 5 paintings and 35 drawings. This event and ensuing media coverage created a national debate over the reach of law and freedom of expression.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Saint in New York (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Saint in New York is an American 1938 crime film, directed by Ben Holmes and adapted from Leslie Charteris's novel of the same name by Charles Kaufman and Mortimer Offner. After a police lieutenant is killed, the New York Police Department enlists gentleman criminal Simon Templar to fight criminal elements in the city.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "With the initial investment of \u00a34,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and \"on the game.\" The force was a success after its first year, and his men had \"established their worth by saving \u00a3122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives.\" Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem \u2013 using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit \u2013 allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees. His other contribution was the concept of preventive policing; his police were to act as a highly visible deterrent to crime by their permanent presence on the Thames. Colquhoun's innovations were a critical development leading up to Robert Peel's \"new\" police three decades later.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "A Very Short Life", "paragraph_text": "A Very Short Life () is a 2009 Hong Kong drama film written, produced and directed by Dennis Law. It is Law's fifth feature film as a writer and director. Centered on child abuse and child molestation, the film stars Maggie Shiu as a Hong Kong police commissioner who investigates the murder of an 11-year-old girl at the hands of her abusive mother (Leila Tong). The film was awarded a Category III rating in Hong Kong for its subject matter and was released in Hong Kong on 19 March 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Fyansford, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police magistrate in October, 1837. It is located at the junction of the Barwon and Moorabool rivers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "The word \"police\" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were \"disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression\" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word \"police\" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Shark in the Park", "paragraph_text": "Shark in the Park was a New Zealand television drama series. A police procedural, it revolved around the professional and private lives of a group of officers at a Wellington police station under the command of Inspector Brian \"Sharky\" Finn. The title came from the informal code term used by officers to indicate that the Inspector was about and they should \"look busy\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Theron S. Copeland", "paragraph_text": "Theron S. Copeland (July 30, 1831 \u2013 July 8, 1905) was an American law enforcement officer and police captain with the New York City Police Department. He studied military tactics at a military academy and in the National Guard before joining the police force in 1855. Much of his career was spent as a drillmaster and, during the New York Draft Riots in 1863, he was part of the force under Inspector Daniel C. Carpenter who confronted a mob intending to loot the New York financial district and the United States sub-treasury. Copeland was later named in a general address to the police force for displaying \"\"valor and intelligent service\"\" during the riots.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Los Angeles Police Department", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the Los Angeles police department. With 9,843 officers and 2,773 civilian staff, it is the third - largest municipal police department in the United States, after the New York City Police Department and the Chicago Police Department. The department serves an area of 498 square miles (1,290 km) and a population of 4,030,904 people.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Francis J. Banfield", "paragraph_text": "Francis J. Banfield (December 1827 \u2013 March 4, 1883) was an American soldier, law enforcement officer, police sergeant and founding member of the New York City Police Department \"Steamboat Squad\". Born in England, he emigrated to the United States as a child. He worked as a painter in his youth and later served in the Mexican-American War. He lived in California for a time before returning the New York to join the police force in June 1857.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Third Watch", "paragraph_text": "The show was set and taped in New York City, and with an ensemble cast of characters, the storylines centered on the lives of police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the firefighters and paramedics of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY), all working the same fictional precinct during the 3\u00a0pm to 11\u00a0pm shift \u2013 the 'third watch'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, \"Preventive police\" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that \"A preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the objects of temptation.\" In contrast to a deterrent of punishment, a preventive police force would deter criminality by making crime cost-ineffective - \"crime doesn't pay\". In the second draft of his 1829 Police Act, the \"object\" of the new Metropolitan Police, was changed by Robert Peel to the \"principal object,\" which was the \"prevention of crime.\" Later historians would attribute the perception of England's \"appearance of orderliness and love of public order\" to the preventive principle entrenched in Peel's police system.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Sidney Peel", "paragraph_text": "Peel was the second son of Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel, Speaker of the House of Commons and the youngest son of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, Bt. His mother was Adelaide, daughter of William Stratford Dugdale. Peel sat as Member of Parliament for Uxbridge bretween 1918 and 1922. He was also a Colonel in the British Army. In 1936 he was created a Baronet, of Eyeworth in the County of Bedford.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mickey Kuhn", "paragraph_text": "Theodore Matthew Michael Kuhn, Jr. (born September 21, 1932), known as Mickey Kuhn, is an American former child actor of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. He came to prominence in 1939 playing Beau Wilkes in Gone with the Wind.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Will Estes", "paragraph_text": "William ``Will ''Estes (born October 21, 1978) is an American actor known for his role on CBS police drama Blue Bloods as Jamison`` Jamie'' Reagan, a New York Police Department officer and the younger son of the police commissioner, played by Tom Selleck. Previously, he starred as J.J. Pryor, on the NBC drama American Dreams.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Eva Ionesco", "paragraph_text": "Eva Ionesco (born 18 July 1965) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter. She is the daughter of Romanian-French photographer Irina Ionesco and came to international prominence as a child after being featured in her mother's works.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "No pain, no gain", "paragraph_text": "It came into prominence after 1982 when actress Jane Fonda began to produce a series of aerobics workout videos. In these videos, Fonda would use ``No pain, no gain ''and`` Feel the burn'' as catchphrases for the concept of working out past the point of experiencing muscle aches.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Annunziata", "paragraph_text": "Annunziata is the Italian word for (feminine) Annunciation. It is generally understood to refer to the Virgin Mary, receiving the word of the Angel Gabriel that she is to bear the Christ child; that is, the Virgin Mary after the Annunciation. It is a common theme for iconic reverence in Roman Catholicism (see Immaculate Conception).", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the father of the man who conceived of the 'new' police?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 39063, "question": "Who came up with the concept of the 'new' police?", "answer": "Robert Peel", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 212301, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Arthur Peel", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "Arthur Peel", "answer_aliases": ["1st Viscount Peel", "Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2075}
{"id": "2hop__25396_593388", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Weabonga, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Weabonga is a small village on Swamp Oak Creek, about 37\u00a0km south west of Walcha, 33\u00a0km south-southeast of Limbri, New South Wales, Australia. It is in the ridges of the Great Dividing Range and is part of the Tamworth Regional Council local government area and Parry County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "William Yates Peel", "paragraph_text": "Peel was the second son of Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet, and his first wife Ellen (n\u00e9e Yates). He was the younger brother of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, and the elder brother of Jonathan Peel. He was educated at Harrow and St John's College, Cambridge. Peel sat as Member of Parliament for Bossiney from 1817 to 1818, for Tamworth from 1818 to 1830, 1835 to 1837 and in 1847, for Yarmouth from 1830 to 1831 and for Cambridge University from 1831 to 1832 and served under the Duke of Wellington as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1828 to 1830 and as a Lord of the Treasury under Wellington in 1830 and again under his brother Sir Robert Peel from 1834 to 1835. In 1834 he was admitted to the Privy Council.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Abdolali Bazargan", "paragraph_text": "Abdolali Bazargan ( ; born 14 August 1943 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian liberal politician, writer and intellectual who is current deputy leader of Freedom Movement of Iran. He was one of five major figures in the Green Movement to author a manifesto calling for the resignation of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kootingal, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Kootingal is a town in New South Wales, Australia in the Tamworth Regional Council area. It is commonly called a satellite suburb of Tamworth because of its closeness and the fact that its residents use Tamworth's services. Founded as an Aboriginal mission, Kootingal traces its name roots to the local Aboriginal Kamilaroi language. At the 2016 census, Kootingal had a population of 2,126 people.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Beginners", "paragraph_text": "Beginners is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Mike Mills. It tells the story of Oliver, a man reflecting on the life and death of his father, Hal, while trying to forge a new romantic relationship with a woman, Anna, dealing with father issues of her own. The film is based on the true-life coming out of Mills' father at the age of 75, five years before his death.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Head of a Catalan Peasant", "paragraph_text": "Head of a Catalan Peasant is an emblematic sequence of oil paintings and pencil made by Joan Mir\u00f3 between 1924 and 1925. Mir\u00f3 began this series the same year that Andr\u00e9 Breton published his \"Manifesto of Surrealism\". The series was made partly in Paris. For Joan Mir\u00f3 \"a peasant\" symbolized rural knowledge, and also reflected his Catalan identity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List of Communist Party of India (Marxist) candidates in the 2014 Indian general election", "paragraph_text": "In the 9 March 2013 issue of \"People's Democracy\", the central organ of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), lists of candidates of the Left Fronts of West Bengal and Tripura for the 2014 Indian general election were announced. In Tripura both Left Front nominees were CPI(M) leaders. In West Bengal, 32 out of the 42 Left Front candidates came from CPI(M). The newspaper also issued a 'first list' of 25 candidates of the party in other states. The list was finalised at a meeting of the Central Committee of the party in Delhi. The meeting also tasked the Politburo of the party to finalise the election manifesto of the party, to be released at a later date.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Julien Donkey-Boy", "paragraph_text": "Julien Donkey-Boy is a 1999 American drama film written and directed by Harmony Korine. The story concentrates on the schizophrenic Julien, played by Scottish actor Ewen Bremner, and his dysfunctional family. The film also stars Chlo\u00eb Sevigny as Julien's sister, Pearl, and Werner Herzog as his father. \"Julien Donkey-Boy\" is the sixth film to be made under the self-imposed rules of the Dogme 95 manifesto, and the first non-European film to be made under the Dogme 95 \"vow of chastity\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Moroccan Communist Party", "paragraph_text": "The first congress of the Moroccan Communist Party, held in April 1946 issued an appeal to the people of Morocco to join forces in the struggle for independence, for democratic freedoms and improving the situation of the workers. In the manifesto \"For the unification and independence of Morocco\", issued in August 1946, the party the need to create a united national front. Communists actively participated in armed struggles against the French colonial authorities in the period 1953-1956. After the proclamation of the sovereign State of Morocco in 1956, the party advocated strengthening national independence, the evacuation of foreign troops from Morocco, the elimination of foreign military bases, liberation of the country from foreign domination monopolies, for the nationalization of banks, mining companies, agrarian reform, raising the standard of living of the masses. The party was banned at several occasions, and its leaders were harassed by authorities. In July 1968 the Moroccan Communist Party founded the Party of Liberation and Socialism, which was banned in 1969. In 1974, this party was re-founded as the Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS), which is today one of the major left-wing parties in Morocco and scored sixth (with 5.4% of the votes) in the Moroccan parliamentary election, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Frederick Kagan", "paragraph_text": "Frederick Kagan and his father Donald Kagan, who is a professor at Yale and a fellow at the Hudson Institute, together authored \"While America Sleeps: Self-Delusion, Military Weakness, and the Threat to Peace Today\" (2000). The book argued in favor of a large increase in military spending and warned of future threats, including from a potential revival of Iraq's WMD program. Frederick along with his brother Robert Kagan, who is a member of the Aspen Strategy Group, and their father Donald, are all signatories to the Project for the New American Century manifesto titled \"Rebuilding America's Defenses\" (2000).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "He reminded the council fathers that only a few years earlier Pope Pius XII had issued the encyclical Mystici corporis about the mystical body of Christ. He asked them not to repeat or create new dogmatic definitions but to explain in simple words how the Church sees itself. He thanked the representatives of other Christian communities for their attendance and asked for their forgiveness if the Catholic Church is guilty for the separation. He also reminded the Council Fathers that many bishops from the east could not attend because the governments in the East did not permit their journeys.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Thomas Roe", "paragraph_text": "In 1614, Roe was elected Member of Parliament for Tamworth. From 1615 to 1618, he was ambassador to the court at Agra, India, of the Great Mughal Ruler, Jahangir. The principal object of the mission was to obtain protection for the East India Company `s factory at Surat. At the Mughal court, Roe allegedly became a favorite of Jahangir and may have been his drinking partner. This greatly enhanced Roe's status with the Mughals. His journal was a valuable source of information for the reign of Jahangir.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Political party", "paragraph_text": "The modern Conservative Party was created out of the 'Pittite' Tories of the early 19th century. In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping. A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results. Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coalition of forces. Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto in 1834 which set out the basic principles of Conservatism; \u2013 the necessity in specific cases of reform in order to survive, but an opposition to unnecessary change, that could lead to \"a perpetual vortex of agitation\". Meanwhile, the Whigs, along with free trade Tory followers of Robert Peel, and independent Radicals, formed the Liberal Party under Lord Palmerston in 1859, and transformed into a party of the growing urban middle-class, under the long leadership of William Ewart Gladstone.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Joseph Seigenthaler", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Seigenthaler (born 1959) is an American sculptor and video artist who was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He earned a BFA in painting from the Memphis College of Art in 1981. Shortly after graduating, he freelanced sculpting life-sized wax figures for wax museums, primarily the Music Valley Wax Museum in Nashville and the Country Music Wax Museum in Tamworth, Australia. He studied ceramic art at the Appalachian Center for Craft in Smithville, Tennessee between 1984 and 1986. In 1990, he received an MFA from Northern Illinois University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Augustinianum (journal)", "paragraph_text": "Augustinianum is a peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the study of the Fathers of the Church. Since 1961 the journal has published over 3,800 articles and reviews in this field. The journal is edited by Antonio Gayt\u00e1n and published by the Patristic Institute Augustinianum (Rome). Online access to all issues is provided by the Philosophy Documentation Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Streetlight Manifesto", "paragraph_text": "Streetlight Manifesto is an American Ska punk band from New Brunswick, New Jersey formed in 2002. They released their first album, \"Everything Goes Numb\", which was distributed by Victory Records, on August 26, 2003. The band headlined and sold out their first concert at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey on December 9, 2003. Several of Streetlight Manifesto's members were well known in the New Jersey third wave ska community for their roles in past ska punk bands from that area, primarily Kalnoky's Catch 22 and fellow New Jersey band One Cool Guy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "David Bowden", "paragraph_text": "Bowden was born in England, educated at Newcastle Boys' High School and ordained in 1960. He began his ordained ministry with curacies in Armidale and West Tamworth. He was the incumbent at Warialda, Savona (New York, United States), Berkeley (California), Glen Innes and Terrigal. He was Archdeacon of the Central Coast from 1985 to 1992; and of Newcastle until his ordination to the episcopate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Preface to the Lyrical Ballads", "paragraph_text": "The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition (published in January 1801, and often referred to as the ``1800 Edition '') of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Chaffey Dam", "paragraph_text": "Chaffey Dam is a minor ungated rock fill with clay core embankment dam with an uncontrolled \"morning glory\" spillway across the Peel River, located upstream of the city of Tamworth, in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, irrigation, water supply, and water conservation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Gordon J. Garradd", "paragraph_text": "Garradd was born in Australia and lived his early life in Sydney, Canberra, Oberon, and Tamworth. Astronomy has been an interest since his childhood, and he has built many telescopes himself, starting with a 20\u00a0cm (8\") f/7 Newtonian while still in high school, graduating to making mirrors up to 46\u00a0cm (18\u2033) diameter and mounts up to the fork mount for the 46\u00a0cm f/5.4 Newtonian, and German equatorial mounted 25\u00a0cm (10\") f/4.1 that he used for observing near-Earth asteroids and comets.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who was the father of the person who issued the Tamworth manifesto?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 25396, "question": "Who Issued the Tamworth manifesto?", "answer": "Robert Peel", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 593388, "question": "#1 >> father", "answer": "Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2325}
{"id": "2hop__25396_212301", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Chaffey Dam", "paragraph_text": "Chaffey Dam is a minor ungated rock fill with clay core embankment dam with an uncontrolled \"morning glory\" spillway across the Peel River, located upstream of the city of Tamworth, in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, irrigation, water supply, and water conservation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Abdolali Bazargan", "paragraph_text": "Abdolali Bazargan ( ; born 14 August 1943 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian liberal politician, writer and intellectual who is current deputy leader of Freedom Movement of Iran. He was one of five major figures in the Green Movement to author a manifesto calling for the resignation of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Joseph Seigenthaler", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Seigenthaler (born 1959) is an American sculptor and video artist who was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He earned a BFA in painting from the Memphis College of Art in 1981. Shortly after graduating, he freelanced sculpting life-sized wax figures for wax museums, primarily the Music Valley Wax Museum in Nashville and the Country Music Wax Museum in Tamworth, Australia. He studied ceramic art at the Appalachian Center for Craft in Smithville, Tennessee between 1984 and 1986. In 1990, he received an MFA from Northern Illinois University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Weabonga, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Weabonga is a small village on Swamp Oak Creek, about 37\u00a0km south west of Walcha, 33\u00a0km south-southeast of Limbri, New South Wales, Australia. It is in the ridges of the Great Dividing Range and is part of the Tamworth Regional Council local government area and Parry County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mushkil", "paragraph_text": "Mushkil (Urdu: , \"lit.\" difficult) is an Urdu film which was released on 1995 across theaters in Pakistan. The film dealt with the issue of child-camel-jockeys illegally trafficked from the third world into the numerous Arab countries. The super-hit film music was composed by Amjad Bobby. Hit tracks included \"Dil Ho Gaya Hai Tera Deewana\" and \"Mushkil Hai Bara Mushkil Hai\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "International Day of the Girl Child", "paragraph_text": "International Day of the Girl Child Also called International Day of the Girl, Day of the Girl Type International Significance Raise awareness of issues facing girls internationally surrounding education, nutrition, child marriage, legal and medical rights Date 11 October Frequency annual First time 11 October 2012", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Richard Rawle", "paragraph_text": "Richard Rawle was born in 1812 and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. After graduation, he was ordained in 1839 and accepted the rectory of Cheadle, Staffordshire. From 1847 to 1864 he was Principal of Codrington College Barbados and then (until his elevation to the Episcopate) Vicar of Tamworth. He died on 10 May 1889.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Moroccan Communist Party", "paragraph_text": "The first congress of the Moroccan Communist Party, held in April 1946 issued an appeal to the people of Morocco to join forces in the struggle for independence, for democratic freedoms and improving the situation of the workers. In the manifesto \"For the unification and independence of Morocco\", issued in August 1946, the party the need to create a united national front. Communists actively participated in armed struggles against the French colonial authorities in the period 1953-1956. After the proclamation of the sovereign State of Morocco in 1956, the party advocated strengthening national independence, the evacuation of foreign troops from Morocco, the elimination of foreign military bases, liberation of the country from foreign domination monopolies, for the nationalization of banks, mining companies, agrarian reform, raising the standard of living of the masses. The party was banned at several occasions, and its leaders were harassed by authorities. In July 1968 the Moroccan Communist Party founded the Party of Liberation and Socialism, which was banned in 1969. In 1974, this party was re-founded as the Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS), which is today one of the major left-wing parties in Morocco and scored sixth (with 5.4% of the votes) in the Moroccan parliamentary election, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kootingal, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Kootingal is a town in New South Wales, Australia in the Tamworth Regional Council area. It is commonly called a satellite suburb of Tamworth because of its closeness and the fact that its residents use Tamworth's services. Founded as an Aboriginal mission, Kootingal traces its name roots to the local Aboriginal Kamilaroi language. At the 2016 census, Kootingal had a population of 2,126 people.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Streetlight Manifesto", "paragraph_text": "Streetlight Manifesto is an American Ska punk band from New Brunswick, New Jersey formed in 2002. They released their first album, \"Everything Goes Numb\", which was distributed by Victory Records, on August 26, 2003. The band headlined and sold out their first concert at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey on December 9, 2003. Several of Streetlight Manifesto's members were well known in the New Jersey third wave ska community for their roles in past ska punk bands from that area, primarily Kalnoky's Catch 22 and fellow New Jersey band One Cool Guy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Gordon J. Garradd", "paragraph_text": "Garradd was born in Australia and lived his early life in Sydney, Canberra, Oberon, and Tamworth. Astronomy has been an interest since his childhood, and he has built many telescopes himself, starting with a 20\u00a0cm (8\") f/7 Newtonian while still in high school, graduating to making mirrors up to 46\u00a0cm (18\u2033) diameter and mounts up to the fork mount for the 46\u00a0cm f/5.4 Newtonian, and German equatorial mounted 25\u00a0cm (10\") f/4.1 that he used for observing near-Earth asteroids and comets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Political party", "paragraph_text": "The modern Conservative Party was created out of the 'Pittite' Tories of the early 19th century. In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping. A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results. Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coalition of forces. Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto in 1834 which set out the basic principles of Conservatism; \u2013 the necessity in specific cases of reform in order to survive, but an opposition to unnecessary change, that could lead to \"a perpetual vortex of agitation\". Meanwhile, the Whigs, along with free trade Tory followers of Robert Peel, and independent Radicals, formed the Liberal Party under Lord Palmerston in 1859, and transformed into a party of the growing urban middle-class, under the long leadership of William Ewart Gladstone.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Thomas Roe", "paragraph_text": "In 1614, Roe was elected Member of Parliament for Tamworth. From 1615 to 1618, he was ambassador to the court at Agra, India, of the Great Mughal Ruler, Jahangir. The principal object of the mission was to obtain protection for the East India Company `s factory at Surat. At the Mughal court, Roe allegedly became a favorite of Jahangir and may have been his drinking partner. This greatly enhanced Roe's status with the Mughals. His journal was a valuable source of information for the reign of Jahangir.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth gave birth to her first child, Prince Charles, on 14 November 1948. One month earlier, the King had issued letters patent allowing her children to use the style and title of a royal prince or princess, to which they otherwise would not have been entitled as their father was no longer a royal prince. A second child, Princess Anne, was born in 1950.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "David Bowden", "paragraph_text": "Bowden was born in England, educated at Newcastle Boys' High School and ordained in 1960. He began his ordained ministry with curacies in Armidale and West Tamworth. He was the incumbent at Warialda, Savona (New York, United States), Berkeley (California), Glen Innes and Terrigal. He was Archdeacon of the Central Coast from 1985 to 1992; and of Newcastle until his ordination to the episcopate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Massimo Taccon", "paragraph_text": "Massimo Taccon (born May 19, 1967) is an Italian painter, sculptor and writer who, during his 'Ismahel period' (1997\u20132002), signed his artworks with the pseudonym ISMAHEL. He is the founder, thinker and theoretician of an art movement called Critical Meditavism (\"Meditavismo Critico\"), whose manifesto was posted to blogspot.com in September 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Sidney Peel", "paragraph_text": "Peel was the second son of Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel, Speaker of the House of Commons and the youngest son of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, Bt. His mother was Adelaide, daughter of William Stratford Dugdale. Peel sat as Member of Parliament for Uxbridge bretween 1918 and 1922. He was also a Colonel in the British Army. In 1936 he was created a Baronet, of Eyeworth in the County of Bedford.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "List of Communist Party of India (Marxist) candidates in the 2014 Indian general election", "paragraph_text": "In the 9 March 2013 issue of \"People's Democracy\", the central organ of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), lists of candidates of the Left Fronts of West Bengal and Tripura for the 2014 Indian general election were announced. In Tripura both Left Front nominees were CPI(M) leaders. In West Bengal, 32 out of the 42 Left Front candidates came from CPI(M). The newspaper also issued a 'first list' of 25 candidates of the party in other states. The list was finalised at a meeting of the Central Committee of the party in Delhi. The meeting also tasked the Politburo of the party to finalise the election manifesto of the party, to be released at a later date.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "International Day of the Girl Child", "paragraph_text": "International Day of the Girl Child Also called International Day of the Girl, Day of Girls Type International Significance Raising awareness of issues facing girls internationally, such as education, nutrition, child marriage, legal and medical rights Date 11 October Frequency annual First time 11 October 2012", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "What industries children work in depends on if they grew up in a rural area or an urban area. Children who were born in urban areas often found themselves working for street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers. While children who grew up in rural areas would work on farms doing physical labour, working with animals, and selling crops. Of all the child workers, the most serious cases involved street children and trafficked children due to the physical and emotional abuse they endured by their employers. To address the issue of child labour, the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child Act was implemented in 1959. Yet due to poverty, lack of education and ignorance, the legal actions were not/are not wholly enforced or accepted in Africa.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the child of the person who issued the Tamworth manifesto?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 25396, "question": "Who Issued the Tamworth manifesto?", "answer": "Robert Peel", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}, {"id": 212301, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Arthur Peel", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}], "answer": "Arthur Peel", "answer_aliases": ["1st Viscount Peel", "Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2150}
{"id": "2hop__39063_593388", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Los Angeles Police Department", "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the Los Angeles police department. With 9,843 officers and 2,773 civilian staff, it is the third - largest municipal police department in the United States, after the New York City Police Department and the Chicago Police Department. The department serves an area of 498 square miles (1,290 km) and a population of 4,030,904 people.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem \u2013 using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit \u2013 allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees. His other contribution was the concept of preventive policing; his police were to act as a highly visible deterrent to crime by their permanent presence on the Thames. Colquhoun's innovations were a critical development leading up to Robert Peel's \"new\" police three decades later.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Theron S. Copeland", "paragraph_text": "Theron S. Copeland (July 30, 1831 \u2013 July 8, 1905) was an American law enforcement officer and police captain with the New York City Police Department. He studied military tactics at a military academy and in the National Guard before joining the police force in 1855. Much of his career was spent as a drillmaster and, during the New York Draft Riots in 1863, he was part of the force under Inspector Daniel C. Carpenter who confronted a mob intending to loot the New York financial district and the United States sub-treasury. Copeland was later named in a general address to the police force for displaying \"\"valor and intelligent service\"\" during the riots.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "Peel, widely regarded as the father of modern policing, was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, who called for a strong and centralized, but politically neutral, police force for the maintenance of social order, for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible deterrent to urban crime and disorder. Peel decided to standardise the police force as an official paid profession, to organise it in a civilian fashion, and to make it answerable to the public.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Father Brown (2013 TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The series is set during the early 1950s, in the fictional Cotswold village of Kembleford, where Father Brown, priest at St Mary's Catholic Church, solves murder cases. A bumbling police inspector, who often arrests the wrong suspect, gets annoyed by Father Brown's success.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Douglas Fairbairn", "paragraph_text": "Born Douglas Behl in Elmira, New York, to Jean Melissa \"Missy\" (n\u00e9e Fairbairn) and Martin E. Behl. His father was born in Westphalen, Germany, and came to America as a toddler. His mother was born in Huntsville, Ontario, Canada. His parents moved around a lot, married in Cleveland, Ohio in 1918, they lived in Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. His parents got a divorce when he was a child and he never saw his father again. (His father moved back to New York City and later died in Santa Barbara, California in 1967.) His mother later remarried, to Wesley Hibbard Bunce, and they moved to Coconut Grove, Florida in 1938. After going by Douglas Bunce for a time, although not officially, he legally changed his last name to his mother's maiden name in 1955.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Crn\u010de (Bela Palanka)", "paragraph_text": "Crn\u010de is a village in the municipality of Bela Palanka, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 64 people. The village has a slight connection with big-serving tennis ace Ivo Karlovi\u0107 as his father came from a nearby farm. Ivo has often returned to the area however since a confrontation with local police over an alleged incident of exposure he has ceased such visits until such time as he receives an official apology and retraction of the allegation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "No pain, no gain", "paragraph_text": "It came into prominence after 1982 when actress Jane Fonda began to produce a series of aerobics workout videos. In these videos, Fonda would use ``No pain, no gain ''and`` Feel the burn'' as catchphrases for the concept of working out past the point of experiencing muscle aches.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Saint in New York (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Saint in New York is an American 1938 crime film, directed by Ben Holmes and adapted from Leslie Charteris's novel of the same name by Charles Kaufman and Mortimer Offner. After a police lieutenant is killed, the New York Police Department enlists gentleman criminal Simon Templar to fight criminal elements in the city.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Francis J. Banfield", "paragraph_text": "Francis J. Banfield (December 1827 \u2013 March 4, 1883) was an American soldier, law enforcement officer, police sergeant and founding member of the New York City Police Department \"Steamboat Squad\". Born in England, he emigrated to the United States as a child. He worked as a painter in his youth and later served in the Mexican-American War. He lived in California for a time before returning the New York to join the police force in June 1857.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "The word \"police\" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were \"disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression\" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word \"police\" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Third Watch", "paragraph_text": "The show was set and taped in New York City, and with an ensemble cast of characters, the storylines centered on the lives of police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the firefighters and paramedics of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY), all working the same fictional precinct during the 3\u00a0pm to 11\u00a0pm shift \u2013 the 'third watch'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably with Nicolas Delamare's Trait\u00e9 de la Police (\"Treatise on the Police\"), first published in 1705. The German Polizeiwissenschaft (Science of Police) first theorized by Philipp von H\u00f6rnigk a 17th-century Austrian Political economist and civil servant and much more famously by Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi who produced an important theoretical work known as Cameral science on the formulation of police. Foucault cites Magdalene Humpert author of Bibliographie der Kameralwissenschaften (1937) in which the author makes note of a substantial bibliography was produced of over 4000 pieces of the practice of Polizeiwissenschaft however, this maybe a mistranslation of Foucault's own work the actual source of Magdalene Humpert states over 14,000 items were produced from the 16th century dates ranging from 1520-1850.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "William Yates Peel", "paragraph_text": "Peel was the second son of Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet, and his first wife Ellen (n\u00e9e Yates). He was the younger brother of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, and the elder brother of Jonathan Peel. He was educated at Harrow and St John's College, Cambridge. Peel sat as Member of Parliament for Bossiney from 1817 to 1818, for Tamworth from 1818 to 1830, 1835 to 1837 and in 1847, for Yarmouth from 1830 to 1831 and for Cambridge University from 1831 to 1832 and served under the Duke of Wellington as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1828 to 1830 and as a Lord of the Treasury under Wellington in 1830 and again under his brother Sir Robert Peel from 1834 to 1835. In 1834 he was admitted to the Privy Council.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Fyansford, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police magistrate in October, 1837. It is located at the junction of the Barwon and Moorabool rivers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals\u2014a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuch\u00e2tel home which he believed originated to the west in the Bernese Oberland. Because of his work he came to be known as the \"father of the ice-age concept\" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Police", "paragraph_text": "With the initial investment of \u00a34,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and \"on the game.\" The force was a success after its first year, and his men had \"established their worth by saving \u00a3122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives.\" Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "New Police Story", "paragraph_text": "New Police Story is a 2004 Hong Kong action film produced and directed by Benny Chan, and also produced by and starring Jackie Chan. The film was released in the Hong Kong on 24 September 2004. The film is a reboot of the \"Police Story\" series and is the fifth film in the series. \"New Police Story\" relies much more on drama and heavy action than its predecessors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The Tea Ladies", "paragraph_text": "The series was produced by the same company that at the time was producing Australian versions of UK comedy shows \"Father, Dear Father\" and \"Doctor in the House\". The producer of these programs, William G. Stewart, had earlier produced a pilot episode for a UK situation comedy series based on a group of tea ladies and resurrected the concept as \"The Tea Ladies\" in Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Shark in the Park", "paragraph_text": "Shark in the Park was a New Zealand television drama series. A police procedural, it revolved around the professional and private lives of a group of officers at a Wellington police station under the command of Inspector Brian \"Sharky\" Finn. The title came from the informal code term used by officers to indicate that the Inspector was about and they should \"look busy\".", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who is the father of the person who came up with the concept of the \"new\" police?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 39063, "question": "Who came up with the concept of the 'new' police?", "answer": "Robert Peel", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}, {"id": 593388, "question": "#1 >> father", "answer": "Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2227}
{"id": "2hop__153532_72380", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kevin Brown (catcher)", "paragraph_text": "Kevin Lee Brown (born April 21, 1973) is a former Major League Baseball catcher who spent parts of seven seasons ( to ) with four MLB teams but who never got into more than a handful of MLB games each season except for with the Toronto Blue Jays, for whom he played 52 games that season. He finished his career with a .254 batting average with a .311 on base average and .450 slugging percentage in 85 games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Coming of Shadows", "paragraph_text": "\"The Coming of Shadows\" is a key episode from the second season of the science fiction television series \"Babylon 5\". It won the 1996 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bill Earley", "paragraph_text": "William Albert Earley (born January 30, 1956 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the St. Louis Cardinals during the 1986 season. Listed at 6' 4\", 200\u00a0lb., he batted right handed and threw left handed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of Ray Donovan episodes", "paragraph_text": "37 ``Girl with Guitar ''Liev Schreiber David Hollander June 20, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 20) (online) June 26, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 26) (Showtime) 1.11", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Loren Babe", "paragraph_text": "The native of Pisgah, Iowa, was first signed by the New York Yankees in 1945 and was a longtime player and manager in the Bombers' minor league organization. During his two seasons in Major League Baseball, he played for the Yankees and the Philadelphia Athletics. He was traded back to the Yankees after the 1953 season but did not play another major league game. He registered 85 hits in 382 at bats, yielding a .223 batting average. He batted left-handed, threw right-handed, stood tall and weighed .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The War Prayer (Babylon 5)", "paragraph_text": "\"The War Prayer\" is an episode from the first season of the science fiction television series \"Babylon 5\". The title of the episode comes from the Mark Twain story \"The War Prayer\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Bag or the Bat", "paragraph_text": "\"The Bag or the Bat\" is the pilot episode of the Showtime original series \"Ray Donovan\", and premiered on June 30, 2013. The series premiere was directed by Allen Coulter and written by series creator Ann Biderman. Prior to the premiere television airing, the episode was uploaded to YouTube by Showtime and was previewed over 150,000 times.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Batting average", "paragraph_text": "Ty Cobb holds the record for highest career batting average with. 366, 9 points higher than Rogers Hornsby who has the second highest average in history at. 358. The record for lowest career batting average for a player with more than 2,500 at - bats belongs to Bill Bergen, a catcher who played from 1901 to 1911 and recorded a. 170 average in 3,028 career at - bats. The modern - era record for highest batting average for a season is held by Napoleon Lajoie, who hit. 426 in 1901, the first year of play for the American League. The modern - era record for lowest batting average for a player that qualified for the batting title is held by Rob Deer, who hit. 179 in 1991. While finishing six plate appearances short of qualifying for the batting title, Adam Dunn of the Chicago White Sox hit. 159 for the 2011 season, twenty points (and 11.2%) lower than the record. The highest batting average for a rookie was. 408 in 1911 by Shoeless Joe Jackson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Sopranos (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series The Sopranos was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu - ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu - ray on October 23, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Roberto Clemente", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Ant\u00f3n, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 \u00d7 All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 \u00d7 World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 \u00d7 Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 \u00d7 NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Inducted 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Bat Masterson (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real - life marshal / gambler / dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half - hour black - and - white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "The Good Fight", "paragraph_text": "A second 13 - episode season premiered on March 4, 2018. On May 2, 2018, the series was renewed for a third season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Bat Masterson (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real - life marshal / gambler / dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half - hour black - and - white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions. Bat is a nickname for Masterson's first name, Bartholemew.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n v\u0169", "paragraph_text": "B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n v\u0169 (literally \"Universal Steps\") is a reality show produced by Vietnam Television and C\u00e1t Ti\u00ean Sa Production. The show originates from the BBC series \"Strictly Come Dancing\" and is a part of the international \"Dancing with the Stars\" franchise. The first season aired from April 11 to June 20, 2010 with 8 pairs of celebrities and professional dancers. The show returned for its second season on April 17, 2011 and the third season on mid March, 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "The Sopranos (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series \"The Sopranos\" was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu-ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 23, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Harry Parker (baseball)", "paragraph_text": "Harry William Parker (September 14, 1947 \u2013 May 29, 2012) was an American professional pitcher in Major League Baseball who played in parts of six seasons spanning 1970 to 1976. Listed at , , Parker batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Highland, Illinois and attended Collinsville High School.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Fear the Walking Dead (season 3)", "paragraph_text": "The third season of Fear the Walking Dead, an American horror - drama television series on AMC, premiered on June 4, 2017 and consisted of 16 episodes. The season is split into two eight - episode parts, with the first half concluding on July 9, 2017; the second half premiered on September 10, 2017. The series is a companion series and prequel to The Walking Dead.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Bob Henley", "paragraph_text": "Henley would appear in 41 games, starting 30 at catcher, for the 1998 Expos, as he and Mike Hubbard backed up regular Chris Widger. He amassed 35 hits and 11 walks in 132 plate appearances, batting .304 and collecting three homers (off Pedro Astacio, Kirt Ojala and Bobby Jones) and eight doubles. On September 25, his penultimate appearance of the season, Henley went 4-for-4 with two doubles and three runs batted in against the St. Louis Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Paul Maloy", "paragraph_text": "Paul Augustus Maloy (June 4, 1892 \u2013 March 18, 1976) was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Red Sox during the season. Listed at , 185\u00a0lb., Maloy batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Bascom, Ohio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding", "paragraph_text": "It was announced in June 2012 that the series had been renewed for a second season, which debuted March 24, 2013. Season 4 premiered April 4, 2014 and Season 5 in February 2015.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When does season 4 of the series that The Bag or the Bat is a part of come out?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 153532, "question": "What series is The Bag or the Bat a part of?", "answer": "Ray Donovan", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}, {"id": 72380, "question": "when does season 4 of #1 come out", "answer": "June 20, 2016", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}], "answer": "June 20, 2016", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1804}
{"id": "2hop__619265_72380", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding", "paragraph_text": "It was announced in June 2012 that the series had been renewed for a second season, which debuted March 24, 2013. Season 4 premiered April 4, 2014 and Season 5 in February 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Bag or the Bat", "paragraph_text": "\"The Bag or the Bat\" is the pilot episode of the Showtime original series \"Ray Donovan\", and premiered on June 30, 2013. The series premiere was directed by Allen Coulter and written by series creator Ann Biderman. Prior to the premiere television airing, the episode was uploaded to YouTube by Showtime and was previewed over 150,000 times.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Batting average", "paragraph_text": "Ty Cobb holds the record for highest career batting average with. 366, 9 points higher than Rogers Hornsby who has the second highest average in history at. 358. The record for lowest career batting average for a player with more than 2,500 at - bats belongs to Bill Bergen, a catcher who played from 1901 to 1911 and recorded a. 170 average in 3,028 career at - bats. The modern - era record for highest batting average for a season is held by Napoleon Lajoie, who hit. 426 in 1901, the first year of play for the American League. The modern - era record for lowest batting average for a player that qualified for the batting title is held by Rob Deer, who hit. 179 in 1991. While finishing six plate appearances short of qualifying for the batting title, Adam Dunn of the Chicago White Sox hit. 159 for the 2011 season, twenty points (and 11.2%) lower than the record. The highest batting average for a rookie was. 408 in 1911 by Shoeless Joe Jackson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bob Henley", "paragraph_text": "Henley would appear in 41 games, starting 30 at catcher, for the 1998 Expos, as he and Mike Hubbard backed up regular Chris Widger. He amassed 35 hits and 11 walks in 132 plate appearances, batting .304 and collecting three homers (off Pedro Astacio, Kirt Ojala and Bobby Jones) and eight doubles. On September 25, his penultimate appearance of the season, Henley went 4-for-4 with two doubles and three runs batted in against the St. Louis Cardinals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Coming of Shadows", "paragraph_text": "\"The Coming of Shadows\" is a key episode from the second season of the science fiction television series \"Babylon 5\". It won the 1996 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "The series was renewed for a twelfth season that premiered on January 4, 2017. On April 1, 2017, the series was renewed for a thirteenth and fourteenth season, which will tie it with The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet as the longest running (number of seasons) live - action sitcom in American TV history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bat Masterson (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real - life marshal / gambler / dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half - hour black - and - white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Loren Babe", "paragraph_text": "The native of Pisgah, Iowa, was first signed by the New York Yankees in 1945 and was a longtime player and manager in the Bombers' minor league organization. During his two seasons in Major League Baseball, he played for the Yankees and the Philadelphia Athletics. He was traded back to the Yankees after the 1953 season but did not play another major league game. He registered 85 hits in 382 at bats, yielding a .223 batting average. He batted left-handed, threw right-handed, stood tall and weighed .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Roberto Clemente", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Ant\u00f3n, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 \u00d7 All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 \u00d7 World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 \u00d7 Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 \u00d7 NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Inducted 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Paul Maloy", "paragraph_text": "Paul Augustus Maloy (June 4, 1892 \u2013 March 18, 1976) was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Red Sox during the season. Listed at , 185\u00a0lb., Maloy batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Bascom, Ohio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Harry Parker (baseball)", "paragraph_text": "Harry William Parker (September 14, 1947 \u2013 May 29, 2012) was an American professional pitcher in Major League Baseball who played in parts of six seasons spanning 1970 to 1976. Listed at , , Parker batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Highland, Illinois and attended Collinsville High School.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "John Brock (baseball)", "paragraph_text": "John Roy Brock (October 16, 1896 \u2013 October 27, 1951) was an American professional baseball player. He played parts of two seasons, 1917 and 1918, in Major League Baseball, primarily as a catcher. Listed at , 165\u00a0lb, Brock batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Hamilton, Illinois.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Sopranos (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series The Sopranos was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu - ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu - ray on October 23, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Sopranos (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series \"The Sopranos\" was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu-ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 23, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Kevin Brown (catcher)", "paragraph_text": "Kevin Lee Brown (born April 21, 1973) is a former Major League Baseball catcher who spent parts of seven seasons ( to ) with four MLB teams but who never got into more than a handful of MLB games each season except for with the Toronto Blue Jays, for whom he played 52 games that season. He finished his career with a .254 batting average with a .311 on base average and .450 slugging percentage in 85 games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Bill Earley", "paragraph_text": "William Albert Earley (born January 30, 1956 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the St. Louis Cardinals during the 1986 season. Listed at 6' 4\", 200\u00a0lb., he batted right handed and threw left handed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "The Good Fight", "paragraph_text": "A second 13 - episode season premiered on March 4, 2018. On May 2, 2018, the series was renewed for a third season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "List of Ray Donovan episodes", "paragraph_text": "37 ``Girl with Guitar ''Liev Schreiber David Hollander June 20, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 20) (online) June 26, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 26) (Showtime) 1.11", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Bat Masterson (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real - life marshal / gambler / dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half - hour black - and - white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions. Bat is a nickname for Masterson's first name, Bartholemew.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The War Prayer (Babylon 5)", "paragraph_text": "\"The War Prayer\" is an episode from the first season of the science fiction television series \"Babylon 5\". The title of the episode comes from the Mark Twain story \"The War Prayer\".", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When does season 4 of the series The Bag or the Bat was part of come out?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 619265, "question": "The Bag or the Bat >> part of the series", "answer": "Ray Donovan", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}, {"id": 72380, "question": "when does season 4 of #1 come out", "answer": "June 20, 2016", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "June 20, 2016", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1751}
{"id": "2hop__37765_85990", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Know Nothing", "paragraph_text": "The Know Nothings believed a ``Romanist ''conspiracy was afoot to subvert civil and religious liberty in the United States and sought to politically organize native - born Protestants in the defense of traditional religious and political values. It is remembered for this theme because of fears by Protestants that Catholic priests and bishops would control a large bloc of voters. In most places, Know Nothingism lasted only a year or two before disintegrating because of weak local leaders, few publicly declared national leaders and a deep split over the issue of slavery. In the South, the party did not emphasize anti-Catholicism, but was the main alternative to the dominant Democratic Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Juan Requesens", "paragraph_text": "Juan Requesens is a Deputy of the Venezuelan National Assembly, elected in 2015 and sworn in on 5 January 2016. He was a student leader at the Central University of Venezuela (UCV), and a leader of student opposition protesters during the 2014 Venezuelan protests. He led marches opposing the Government of Venezuela under President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro, seeking \"to turn the student rebellion into a broader social movement\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Australia Day 2012 protests", "paragraph_text": "The Australia Day Protests of 2012 began with a commemoration at the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra to mark its 40th Anniversary and culminated in a security scare which saw the Prime Minister and Opposition Leader of Australia escorted from a nearby Canberra venue amidst rowdy protesters. The protesters had been advised of the leaders' whereabouts and misinformed of a statement by the opposition leader in relation to the Tent Embassy by a union official who had received information about Abbott's statement and whereabouts from the prime minister's office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "Episcopalians and Presbyterians, as well as other WASPs, tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated (having graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in United States, and are disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American business, law and politics, especially the Republican Party. Numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families as the Vanderbilts and the Astors, Rockefeller, Du Pont, Roosevelt, Forbes, Whitneys, the Morgans and Harrimans are Mainline Protestant families.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Senate of Kenya", "paragraph_text": "The Senate 12th Parliament Type Type Upper house of the Parliament of Kenya History Founded 2013 New session started 31 August 2017 (2017 - 08 - 31) Leadership Speaker Ken Lusaka, Jubilee Since 31 August 2017 Deputy Speaker Kembi Gitura, Jubilee Since 28 March 2013 Majority Leader Kipchumba Murkomen, Jubilee Since 31 August 2017 Minority Leader Moses Wetangula, CORD Since 16 October 2013 Majority Whip Susan Kihika, Jubilee Since August 31, 2017 Structure Seats 67 Political groups Government (38) Jubilee (24) Other Parties (14) Opposition (28) National Super Alliance (28) Political groups Independent (1) Length of term 5 years Elections Voting system 47 First Past the Post, 20 co-opted, 1 ex-officio Last election 8 August 2017 Meeting place Parliament Buildings, Nairobi, Kenya Website Official website", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Leader of the Official Opposition (Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "The Leader of the Opposition is currently former interim PC leader Vic Fedeli, who was elected by the PC caucus following the resignation of Patrick Brown due to sexual misconduct allegations. Fedeli continues to serve as Leader of the Opposition after the election of Doug Ford as PC leader on 10 March 2018 as Ford currently does not have a seat in the Ontario Legislature.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Thuringia", "paragraph_text": "Thuringia generally accepted the Protestant Reformation, and Roman Catholicism was suppressed as early as 1520[citation needed]; priests who remained loyal to it were driven away and churches and monasteries were largely destroyed, especially during the German Peasants' War of 1525. In M\u00fchlhausen and elsewhere, the Anabaptists found many adherents. Thomas M\u00fcntzer, a leader of some non-peaceful groups of this sect, was active in this city. Within the borders of modern Thuringia the Roman Catholic faith only survived in the Eichsfeld district, which was ruled by the Archbishop of Mainz, and to a small degree in Erfurt and its immediate vicinity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Campbellite", "paragraph_text": "Campbellite is a mildly pejorative term referring to adherents of certain religious groups that have historic roots in the Restoration Movement, among whose most prominent 19th-century leaders were Thomas and Alexander Campbell. Members of these groups generally consider the term \"Campbellite\" inappropriate, saying that they are followers of Jesus, not Campbell. They draw parallels with Martin Luther's protest of the name \"Lutherans\" and the Anabaptists' protest of the name given to them by their enemies. With specific reference to the early Restoration Movement, \"[t]he terms Campbellism and Campbellites were universally rejected by those to whom they were applied.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Leader of Opposition (Uganda)", "paragraph_text": "The Leader of Opposition (LOP) in Uganda is the title bestowed upon the elected leader of the largest political party not within the ruling government. The Leader of Opposition appoints and heads an alternative Shadow Cabinet whose duty is to challenge and influence government legislation on the floor of Parliament The current Leader of Opposition and first Ugandan female to hold the position is Hon. Winnie Kiiza of the Forum for Democratic Change. The Opposition in Uganda is made up of members from Forum for Democratic Change, Democratic Party, Uganda People's Congress, Congress Party and JEEMA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mali", "paragraph_text": "By 26 March, the growing refusal of soldiers to fire into the largely nonviolent protesting crowds turned into a full-scale tumult, and resulted into thousands of soldiers putting down their arms and joining the pro-democracy movement. That afternoon, Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Tour\u00e9 announced on the radio that he had arrested the dictatorial president, Moussa Traor\u00e9. As a consequence, opposition parties were legalized and a national congress of civil and political groups met to draft a new democratic constitution to be approved by a national referendum.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Labour Party (UK)", "paragraph_text": "The Communist Party of Great Britain was refused affiliation to the Labour Party between 1921 and 1923. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party declined rapidly, and the party also suffered a catastrophic split which allowed the Labour Party to gain much of the Liberals' support. With the Liberals thus in disarray, Labour won 142 seats in 1922, making it the second largest political group in the House of Commons and the official opposition to the Conservative government. After the election the now-rehabilitated Ramsay MacDonald was voted the first official leader of the Labour Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "History of Singapore", "paragraph_text": "The Housing Development Board (HDB) continued to promote public housing with new towns, such as Ang Mo Kio, being designed and built. These new residential estates have larger and higher-standard apartments and are served with better amenities. Today, 80\u201390% of the population lives in HDB apartments. In 1987, the first Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) line began operation, connecting most of these housing estates and the city centre.The political situation in Singapore continues to be dominated by the People's Action Party.  The PAP won all the parliamentary seats in every election between 1966 and 1981. The PAP rule is termed authoritarian by some activists and opposition politicians who see the strict regulation of political and media activities by the government as an infringement on political rights. The conviction of opposition politician Chee Soon Juan for illegal protests and the defamation lawsuits against J.B. Jeyaretnam have been cited by the opposition parties as examples of such authoritarianism. The lack of separation of powers between the court system and the government led to further accusations by the opposition parties of miscarriage of justice.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Republican Party (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Founded in the Northern states in 1854 by anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers, the Republican Party quickly became the principal opposition to the dominant Democratic Party and the briefly popular Know Nothing Party. The main cause was opposition to the Kansas -- Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil. The first public meeting of the general ``anti-Nebraska ''movement where the name`` Republican'' was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20, 1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was partly chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "House of Commons of Canada", "paragraph_text": "House of Commons of Canada Chambre des communes du Canada 42nd Parliament Type Type Lower House of the Parliament of Canada Leadership Speaker Geoff Regan, Liberal Since December 3, 2015 Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Liberal Since November 4, 2015 Leader of the Official Opposition Andrew Scheer, Conservative Since May 27, 2017 Leader of the Government in the House of Commons Bardish Chagger, Liberal Since August 19, 2016 Opposition House Leader Candice Bergen, Conservative Since September 15, 2016 Structure Seats 338 Political groups HM Government Liberal Party (183) HM Loyal Opposition Conservative Party (97) Other Parties New Democratic Party (44) Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (10) Green Party (1) Independent (2) Vacant (1) Salary C $172,700 (sessional indemnity effective April 1, 2017) Elections Voting system First - past - the - post Last election October 19, 2015 Next election Scheduled for October 21, 2019 Meeting place Centre Block -- Parliament Hill Ottawa Website www.ourcommons.ca", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Anthony Eden", "paragraph_text": "After the Labour Party won the 1945 election, Eden went into opposition as Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party. Many felt that Churchill should have retired and allowed Eden to become party leader, but Churchill refused to consider this. As early as the spring of 1946, Eden openly asked Churchill to retire in his favour. He was in any case depressed during this period by the break-up of his first marriage and the death of his eldest son. Churchill was in many ways only \"part-time Leader of the Opposition\", given his many journeys abroad and his literary work, and left the day-to-day work largely to Eden. Eden was largely regarded as lacking sense of party politics and contact with the common man. In these opposition years, however, he developed some knowledge about domestic affairs and created the idea of a \"property-owning-democracy\", which Margaret Thatcher's government attempted to achieve decades later. His domestic agenda is overall considered centre-left.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "The attacks on the torch in London and Paris were described as \"despicable\" by the Chinese government, condemning them as \"deliberate disruptions... who gave no thought to the Olympic spirit or the laws of Britain and France\" and who \"tarnish the lofty Olympic spirit\", and vowed they would continue with the relay and not allow the protests to \"impede the Olympic spirit\". Large-scale counter-protests by overseas Chinese and foreign-based Chinese nationals became prevalent in later segments of the relay. In San Francisco, the number of supporters were much more than the number of protesters, and in Australia, Japan, South Korea, the counter-protesters overwhelmed the protesters. A couple of skirmishes between the protesters and supporters were reported. No major protests were visible in the Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia legs of the torch relay.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "National American Woman Suffrage Association", "paragraph_text": "When Catt again became president in 1915, the NAWSA adopted her plan to centralize the organization and work toward the suffrage amendment as its primary goal. This was done despite opposition from southern members who believed that a federal amendment would erode states' rights. With its large membership and the increasing number of women voters in states where suffrage had already been achieved, the NAWSA began to operate more as a political pressure group than an educational group. It won additional sympathy for the suffrage cause by actively cooperating with the war effort during World War I. On February 14, 1920, several months prior to the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, the NAWSA transformed itself into the League of Women Voters, which is still active.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associated with the legislative agenda. Despite the variability of these factors, there are a number of institutional obligations associated with this position. Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House rule book. Others have devolved upon the position in other ways. To be sure, the minority leader is provided with extra staff resources\u2014beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative\u2014to assist in carrying out diverse leadership functions. Worth emphasis is that there are limits on the institutional role of the minority leader, because the majority party exercises disproportionate influence over the agenda, partisan ratios on committees, staff resources, administrative operations, and the day-to-day schedule and management of floor activities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Yane Yanev", "paragraph_text": "Yane Yanev (, born 22 April 1971) is a Bulgarian politician, leader of the center-right opposition party Order, Law and Justice and a member of the Bulgarian National Assembly. Known as an \"anti-corruption hawk\" that has brought to light many political scandals, Yanev is one of the most famous political players to emerge in Bulgaria in the past decade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Majority leader", "paragraph_text": "In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congressmen in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who were the leaders of the opposition of the political group that has a large number of Protestants?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 37765, "question": "What political group has a disproportionately large number of Protestants?", "answer": "Republican Party", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 85990, "question": "who were the leaders of the opposition #1", "answer": "anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2729}
{"id": "2hop__623501_297043", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Geographical feature", "paragraph_text": "Geographical features are man - made or naturally - created features of the Earth. Natural geographical features consist of landforms and ecosystems. For example, terrain types, physical factors of the environment) are natural geographical features. Conversely, human settlements or other engineered forms are considered types of artificial geographical features.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Natural Dam, Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "Natural Dam is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Arkansas, United States. Natural Dam is located on Arkansas Highway 59, north-northwest of Cedarville. Natural Dam has a post office with ZIP code 72948. Lee Creek Bridge, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in the community.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of crossings of the Kiskiminetas River", "paragraph_text": "This is a complete list of bridges and dams that span the Kiskiminetas River from its confluence at the Conemaugh River and Loyalhanna Creek to its mouth at the Allegheny River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Wolli Creek", "paragraph_text": "Wolli Creek () is an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Enloe Dam and Powerplant", "paragraph_text": "The Enloe Dam, also known as the Similkameen Dam, and its powerplant are located on the Similkameen River about west-northwest of Oroville, Washington. Located just above Similkameen (Coyote) Falls, the concrete arch-gravity dam stands about high, with a crest length of about , built between 1916 and 1923. The dam was named after the president of the Okanogan Valley Power Company, Eugene Enloe. The dam was operated to generate power at its powerplant, located about downstream from the dam. Lacking fish ladders, Enloe Dam blocks fish passage and completely extirpated anadromous fish migration into the upper reaches of the Similkameen River and its tributaries in Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lansdowne River", "paragraph_text": "Lansdowne River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Doubtful Creek", "paragraph_text": "Doubtful Creek, formerly known as Doubtful River, a watercourse that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray\u2013Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains district of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bardwell Creek", "paragraph_text": "Bardwell Creek, an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Joe Wheeler State Park", "paragraph_text": "Joe Wheeler State Park is a state-owned, public recreation area with resort features located on Wheeler Lake, an impoundment of the Tennessee River in northwest Alabama. The state park contains of land in three separate parcels and adjoins the Tennessee Valley Authority's Wheeler Dam.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Cup and Saucer Creek", "paragraph_text": "Cup and Saucer Creek, an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the Canterbury-Bankstown region of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Little River (Wingecarribee)", "paragraph_text": "The Little River, a watercourse that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Beaver Dam High School (Wisconsin)", "paragraph_text": "Beaver Dam High School is a public high school located in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. It is a part of the Beaver Dam Unified School District. it had an enrollment of 1,045 students. Its mascot is the Golden Beaver.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Tallebudgera Creek Dam", "paragraph_text": "The Tallebudgera Creek Dam, or colloquially Tally Dam, is a decommissioned embankment dam across the upper reaches of the Tallebudgera Creek, located in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. The initial purpose of the dam from its establishment until its decommissioning during the 1970s was for the supply of potable water to the Gold Coast region. There is no public access to the dam.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Lostock Dam", "paragraph_text": "Lostock Dam is a minor rockfill and clay core embankment dam with a concrete lined, flip bucket spillway across the Paterson River upstream of the village of East Gresford in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, irrigation, water supply and conservation. Mini hydro-power facilities were retrofitted in 2010. The impounded reservoir is also called Lostock Dam.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Cabramatta Creek", "paragraph_text": "Cabramatta Creek, an urban watercourse of the Georges River catchment, is located in the south-western region of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Toongabbie Creek", "paragraph_text": "Toongabbie Creek, an urban watercourse that is part of the Parramatta River catchment, is located in Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Horse Mesa Dam", "paragraph_text": "The Horse Mesa Dam is a concrete thin arch dam located in the Superstition Mountains, northeast of Phoenix in Maricopa County, Arizona.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Coxs Creek (Belfield, New South Wales)", "paragraph_text": "Coxs Creek, a watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the Inner West of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Paterson River", "paragraph_text": "Paterson River, a perennial river that is part of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Hunter and Mid North Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Darling Mills Creek", "paragraph_text": "The Darling Mills Creek, an urban watercourse that is part of the Parramatta River catchment, is located in Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What watercourse is the river on which the Lostock Dam is located the mouth of?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 623501, "question": "Lostock Dam >> located on terrain feature", "answer": "Paterson River", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 297043, "question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse", "answer": "Hunter River", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "Hunter River", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1045}
{"id": "2hop__46550_85990", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Inky Mark", "paragraph_text": "Inky Mark (; born November 17, 1947) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the Manitoba riding of Dauphin\u2014Swan River\u2014Marquette. Mark was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada, although he frequently criticized and took positions opposite the party and its leader, Stephen Harper. Mark ran in the 2015 federal election, noting that he is now a Green Party of Canada member but that he would still run as an independent. He lost significantly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Gary Wilhelms", "paragraph_text": "Gary Lee Wilhelms (born January 17, 1938), was an American politician who was a member of the Oregon House of Representatives. He was House Republican Leader in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bob Irvin", "paragraph_text": "Bob Irvin was an early leader of the modern Republican Party in Georgia in the United States. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives in the 1970s and again in the 1990s. He was the House Republican Leader. He ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate in 2002, losing to Saxby Chambliss. He attracted attention in early 2005 by publicly calling for Ralph Reed to withdraw from the race for Lieutenant Governor of Georgia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Joseph A. Sullivan", "paragraph_text": "Joseph A. Sullivan (August 9, 1911 \u2013 March 15, 2002) was a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Republican Party (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Founded in the Northern states in 1854 by anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers, the Republican Party quickly became the principal opposition to the dominant Democratic Party and the briefly popular Know Nothing Party. The main cause was opposition to the Kansas -- Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil. The first public meeting of the general ``anti-Nebraska ''movement where the name`` Republican'' was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20, 1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was partly chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Majority leader", "paragraph_text": "In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congressmen in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "House of Commons of Canada", "paragraph_text": "House of Commons of Canada Chambre des communes du Canada 42nd Parliament Type Type Lower House of the Parliament of Canada Leadership Speaker Geoff Regan, Liberal Since December 3, 2015 Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Liberal Since November 4, 2015 Leader of the Official Opposition Andrew Scheer, Conservative Since May 27, 2017 Leader of the Government in the House of Commons Bardish Chagger, Liberal Since August 19, 2016 Opposition House Leader Candice Bergen, Conservative Since September 15, 2016 Structure Seats 338 Political groups HM Government Liberal Party (183) HM Loyal Opposition Conservative Party (97) Other Parties New Democratic Party (44) Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (10) Green Party (1) Independent (2) Vacant (1) Salary C $172,700 (sessional indemnity effective April 1, 2017) Elections Voting system First - past - the - post Last election October 19, 2015 Next election Scheduled for October 21, 2019 Meeting place Centre Block -- Parliament Hill Ottawa Website www.ourcommons.ca", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Joe Aresimowicz", "paragraph_text": "Joe Aresimowicz (born November 5, 1970) is a Democratic member of the Connecticut House of Representatives and the current Speaker of the House. From 2013 to 2017, he served as Majority Leader.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Charles E. Jefferson", "paragraph_text": "Charles E. Jefferson is a former Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives, who represented the 67th District from April 2001 to July 2014. He served as Assistant Majority Leader. He resigned from the Illinois House of Representatives July 1, 2014. He was a member of the Winnebago County Board prior to serving as a State Representative.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associated with the legislative agenda. Despite the variability of these factors, there are a number of institutional obligations associated with this position. Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House rule book. Others have devolved upon the position in other ways. To be sure, the minority leader is provided with extra staff resources\u2014beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative\u2014to assist in carrying out diverse leadership functions. Worth emphasis is that there are limits on the institutional role of the minority leader, because the majority party exercises disproportionate influence over the agenda, partisan ratios on committees, staff resources, administrative operations, and the day-to-day schedule and management of floor activities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other floor leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conference, depending on whichever party has more voting members. The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Emil Mrkonic", "paragraph_text": "Emil Mrkonic (July 26, 1927 \u2013 November 23, 2002) was a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Leader of the Official Opposition (Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "The Leader of the Opposition is currently former interim PC leader Vic Fedeli, who was elected by the PC caucus following the resignation of Patrick Brown due to sexual misconduct allegations. Fedeli continues to serve as Leader of the Opposition after the election of Doug Ford as PC leader on 10 March 2018 as Ford currently does not have a seat in the Ontario Legislature.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, de facto leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates nor vote.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Samuel Carey Bradshaw", "paragraph_text": "Samuel Carey Bradshaw (June 10, 1809 \u2013 June 9, 1872) was an Opposition Party member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Leader of Opposition (Uganda)", "paragraph_text": "The Leader of Opposition (LOP) in Uganda is the title bestowed upon the elected leader of the largest political party not within the ruling government. The Leader of Opposition appoints and heads an alternative Shadow Cabinet whose duty is to challenge and influence government legislation on the floor of Parliament The current Leader of Opposition and first Ugandan female to hold the position is Hon. Winnie Kiiza of the Forum for Democratic Change. The Opposition in Uganda is made up of members from Forum for Democratic Change, Democratic Party, Uganda People's Congress, Congress Party and JEEMA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "2002 United States House of Representatives elections", "paragraph_text": "The Elections for the United States House of Representatives on 5 November 2002 was in the middle of President George W. Bush's first term. Although it was a midterm election, the Republican Party gained a net eight seats, solidifying their majority. Together with gains made in the Senate, it was one of the few mid-term elections that the party in control of the White House increased their number of seats in the House (the other such mid-term elections were in 1934 and 1998).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Leroy M. Zimmerman", "paragraph_text": "Leroy M. Zimmerman (December 27, 1932 \u2013 December 6, 2002), was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "Starting with Republican Nicholas Longworth in 1925, and continued through the Democrats' control of the House from 1931 to 1995, save for Republican majorities in 1947\u201349 and 1953\u201355, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership brought upon by the retirement of the incumbent. The only exceptions during this period were Charles A. Halleck who became Republican House leader and Minority Leader from 1959 to 1965, Hale Boggs who died in a plane crash, and Dick Gephardt who became the Democrats' House leader but as Minority Leader since his party lost control in the 1994 midterm elections. Since 1995, the only Majority Leader to become Speaker is John Boehner, though indirectly as his party lost control in the 2006 midterms elections. He subsequently served as Republican House leader and Minority Leader from 2007 to 2011 and then was elected Speaker when the House reconvened in 2011. In 1998, with Speaker Newt Gingrich announcing his resignation, both Majority Leader Dick Armey and Majority Whip Tom DeLay did not contest the Speakership which eventually went to Chief Deputy Whip Dennis Hastert.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who were the leaders of the opposition of the party that controlled the house of representatives in 2002?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 46550, "question": "who controlled the house of representatives in 2002", "answer": "the Republican Party", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}, {"id": 85990, "question": "who were the leaders of the opposition #1", "answer": "anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}], "answer": "anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1926}
{"id": "2hop__30741_85990", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "Nigeria gained independence from the United Kingdom as a Commonwealth Realm on 1 October 1960. Nigeria's government was a coalition of conservative parties: the Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), a party dominated by Northerners and those of the Islamic faith, and the Igbo and Christian-dominated National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) led by Nnamdi Azikiwe. Azikiwe became Nigeria's maiden Governor-General in 1960. The opposition comprised the comparatively liberal Action Group (AG), which was largely dominated by the Yoruba and led by Obafemi Awolowo. The cultural and political differences between Nigeria's dominant ethnic groups \u2013 the Hausa ('Northerners'), Igbo ('Easterners') and Yoruba ('Westerners') \u2013 were sharp.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Rollo Graham Campbell", "paragraph_text": "The Rt Revd Archibald Rollo Graham Campbell CBE (18 February 1903 - 11 April 1978) was an Anglican Bishop in the mid 20th century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Travelling Players", "paragraph_text": "The Travelling Players (, translit.\u00a0O Thiassos) is a 1975 Greek film directed by Theodoros Angelopoulos that traces the history of mid-20th-century Greece from 1939 to 1952.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "From the American Civil War until the mid-20th century, Philadelphia was a bastion of the Republican Party, which arose from the staunch pro-Northern views of Philadelphia residents during and after the war (Philadelphia was chosen as the host city for the first Republican National Convention in 1856). After the Great Depression, Democratic registrations increased, but the city was not carried by Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in his landslide victory of 1932 (in which Pennsylvania was one of the few states won by Republican Herbert Hoover). Four years later, however, voter turnout surged and the city finally flipped to the Democrats. Roosevelt carried Philadelphia with over 60% of the vote in 1936. The city has remained loyally Democratic in every presidential election since. It is now one of the most Democratic in the country; in 2008, Democrat Barack Obama drew 83% of the city's vote. Obama's win was even greater in 2012, capturing 85% of the vote.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jeffersonian democracy", "paragraph_text": "Jeffersonian democracy, named after its advocate Thomas Jefferson, was one of two dominant political outlooks and movements in the United States from the 1790s to the 1820s. The term was commonly used to refer to the Democratic - Republican Party (formally named the ``Republican Party ''), which Jefferson founded in opposition to the Federalist Party of Alexander Hamilton. The Jeffersonians were deeply committed to American republicanism, which meant opposition to aristocracy of any form, opposition to corruption, and insistence on virtue, with a priority for the`` yeoman farmer'', ``planters '', and the`` plain folk''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "House of Commons of Canada", "paragraph_text": "House of Commons of Canada Chambre des communes du Canada 42nd Parliament Type Type Lower House of the Parliament of Canada Leadership Speaker Geoff Regan, Liberal Since December 3, 2015 Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Liberal Since November 4, 2015 Leader of the Official Opposition Andrew Scheer, Conservative Since May 27, 2017 Leader of the Government in the House of Commons Bardish Chagger, Liberal Since August 19, 2016 Opposition House Leader Candice Bergen, Conservative Since September 15, 2016 Structure Seats 338 Political groups HM Government Liberal Party (183) HM Loyal Opposition Conservative Party (97) Other Parties New Democratic Party (44) Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (10) Green Party (1) Independent (2) Vacant (1) Salary C $172,700 (sessional indemnity effective April 1, 2017) Elections Voting system First - past - the - post Last election October 19, 2015 Next election Scheduled for October 21, 2019 Meeting place Centre Block -- Parliament Hill Ottawa Website www.ourcommons.ca", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Plastic", "paragraph_text": "The success and dominance of plastics starting in the early 20th century led to environmental concerns regarding its slow decomposition rate after being discarded as trash due to its composition of large molecules. Toward the end of the century, one approach to this problem was met with wide efforts toward recycling.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Coonamessett Airport", "paragraph_text": "Coonamessett Airport was an airfield operational in the mid-20th century in Hatchville, Massachusetts. It is now part of the Pheasant Area at the Frances A. Crane Wildlife Management Area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "African-American candidates for President of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Major party, African American candidates for President of the United States could not run in primaries until nearly the third quarter of the 20th century, after the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1964) and Voting Rights Act (1965) opened up political participation to blacks in the South. Also, party changes to give more weight to candidates' performance in primaries, rather than to party leaders' negotiation in secret, opened up the fields. In 2008, Senator Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States, the first African American to win the office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Naranjan Singh Bhalla", "paragraph_text": "Naranjan Singh Bhalla popularly known as Bhalla Sahib (died 1996) was a 20th-century Sikh leader from Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost state of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Anthony Eden", "paragraph_text": "After the Labour Party won the 1945 election, Eden went into opposition as Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party. Many felt that Churchill should have retired and allowed Eden to become party leader, but Churchill refused to consider this. As early as the spring of 1946, Eden openly asked Churchill to retire in his favour. He was in any case depressed during this period by the break-up of his first marriage and the death of his eldest son. Churchill was in many ways only \"part-time Leader of the Opposition\", given his many journeys abroad and his literary work, and left the day-to-day work largely to Eden. Eden was largely regarded as lacking sense of party politics and contact with the common man. In these opposition years, however, he developed some knowledge about domestic affairs and created the idea of a \"property-owning-democracy\", which Margaret Thatcher's government attempted to achieve decades later. His domestic agenda is overall considered centre-left.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Politics of Japan", "paragraph_text": "Several political parties exist in Japan, however, the politics of Japan have primarily been dominated by the LDP since 1955, with the DPJ playing an important role as opposition several times. LDP was a ruling party during decades since 1955. Despite of existence of multiple parties, other parties were completely ignored. Most of the prime ministers were elected from inner factions of LDP.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Politics of Texas", "paragraph_text": "From 1848 until Richard M. Nixon's victory in 1972, Texas voted for the Democratic candidate for president in every election except 1928, when it did not support Catholic Al Smith. The state had a white majority and Democrats re-established their dominance after the Civil War. In the mid-20th century 1952 and 1956 elections, the state voters joined the landslide for Dwight D. Eisenhower. (Texas did not vote in 1864 and 1868 due to the Civil War and Reconstruction).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Republican Party (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Founded in the Northern states in 1854 by anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers, the Republican Party quickly became the principal opposition to the dominant Democratic Party and the briefly popular Know Nothing Party. The main cause was opposition to the Kansas -- Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil. The first public meeting of the general ``anti-Nebraska ''movement where the name`` Republican'' was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20, 1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was partly chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Civil rights movement (1896\u20131954)", "paragraph_text": "Among the most prominent was Norris Wright Cuney, the Republican Party chairman in late 19th century Texas. These gains led to substantial discomfort among many white voters, who generally supported the Democrats. During the 1888 Texas Republican Convention, Cuney coined the term lily - white movement to describe efforts by white conservatives to oust blacks from positions of party leadership and incite riots to divide the party. Increasingly organized efforts by this movement gradually eliminated black leaders from the party. The writer Michael Fauntroy contends that the effort was coordinated with Democrats as part of a larger movement toward disenfranchisement of blacks in the South at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century by increasing restrictions in voter registration rules.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Leader of Opposition (Uganda)", "paragraph_text": "The Leader of Opposition (LOP) in Uganda is the title bestowed upon the elected leader of the largest political party not within the ruling government. The Leader of Opposition appoints and heads an alternative Shadow Cabinet whose duty is to challenge and influence government legislation on the floor of Parliament The current Leader of Opposition and first Ugandan female to hold the position is Hon. Winnie Kiiza of the Forum for Democratic Change. The Opposition in Uganda is made up of members from Forum for Democratic Change, Democratic Party, Uganda People's Congress, Congress Party and JEEMA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "Organized crime has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards in the Five Points in the 1820s. The 20th century saw a rise in the Mafia, dominated by the Five Families, as well as in gangs, including the Black Spades. The Mafia presence has declined in the city in the 21st century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of \"folded\" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Rosary", "paragraph_text": "From the 16th to the early 20th century, the structure of the rosary remained essentially unchanged. There were 15 mysteries, one for each of the 15 decades. During the 20th century, the addition of the Fatima Prayer to the end of each decade became more common. There were no other changes until 2002, when John Paul II instituted five optional new Luminous Mysteries, although variations of these had already been proposed by the likes of St. Louis de Montfort and were implemented during the mid-20th Century by figures such as Patrick Peyton.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who were the leaders of the opposition of the party that dominated until the mid-20th century?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 30741, "question": "What party dominated until the mid-20th century", "answer": "Republican Party", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 85990, "question": "who were the leaders of the opposition #1", "answer": "anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2205}
{"id": "2hop__66149_85990", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "United Democratic Front (Namibia)", "paragraph_text": "The United Democratic Front (UDF) is a political party in Namibia. Justus \u01c1Garo\u00ebb was the party's leader since its foundation in 1989 until 2013, when he stepped down as leader of the party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Movement for Changes", "paragraph_text": "In the 2006 parliamentary election, the party ran for the first time, winning 11 of 81 seats. It became a vocal opposition party and forged links with the Serb People's Party and the Socialist People's Party of Montenegro in an attempt to unify the country's political opposition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "History of Singapore", "paragraph_text": "The Housing Development Board (HDB) continued to promote public housing with new towns, such as Ang Mo Kio, being designed and built. These new residential estates have larger and higher-standard apartments and are served with better amenities. Today, 80\u201390% of the population lives in HDB apartments. In 1987, the first Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) line began operation, connecting most of these housing estates and the city centre.The political situation in Singapore continues to be dominated by the People's Action Party.  The PAP won all the parliamentary seats in every election between 1966 and 1981. The PAP rule is termed authoritarian by some activists and opposition politicians who see the strict regulation of political and media activities by the government as an infringement on political rights. The conviction of opposition politician Chee Soon Juan for illegal protests and the defamation lawsuits against J.B. Jeyaretnam have been cited by the opposition parties as examples of such authoritarianism. The lack of separation of powers between the court system and the government led to further accusations by the opposition parties of miscarriage of justice.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nebraska Highway 65", "paragraph_text": "Nebraska Highway 65 is a highway in southeastern Nebraska. It is a north\u2013south highway with a length of . The southern terminus of Nebraska Highway 65 is at the Kansas border south of Pawnee City. The northern terminus is in Table Rock at an intersection with Nebraska Highway 4.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Yane Yanev", "paragraph_text": "Yane Yanev (, born 22 April 1971) is a Bulgarian politician, leader of the center-right opposition party Order, Law and Justice and a member of the Bulgarian National Assembly. Known as an \"anti-corruption hawk\" that has brought to light many political scandals, Yanev is one of the most famous political players to emerge in Bulgaria in the past decade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "House of Commons of Canada", "paragraph_text": "House of Commons of Canada Chambre des communes du Canada 42nd Parliament Type Type Lower House of the Parliament of Canada Leadership Speaker Geoff Regan, Liberal Since December 3, 2015 Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Liberal Since November 4, 2015 Leader of the Official Opposition Andrew Scheer, Conservative Since May 27, 2017 Leader of the Government in the House of Commons Bardish Chagger, Liberal Since August 19, 2016 Opposition House Leader Candice Bergen, Conservative Since September 15, 2016 Structure Seats 338 Political groups HM Government Liberal Party (183) HM Loyal Opposition Conservative Party (97) Other Parties New Democratic Party (44) Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (10) Green Party (1) Independent (2) Vacant (1) Salary C $172,700 (sessional indemnity effective April 1, 2017) Elections Voting system First - past - the - post Last election October 19, 2015 Next election Scheduled for October 21, 2019 Meeting place Centre Block -- Parliament Hill Ottawa Website www.ourcommons.ca", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Political party", "paragraph_text": "At the same time, the political party reached its modern form, with a membership disciplined through the use of a party whip and the implementation of efficient structures of control. The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell in the 1880s. In 1882, he changed his party's name to the Irish Parliamentary Party and created a well-organized grass roots structure, introducing membership to replace \"ad hoc\" informal groupings. He created a new selection procedure to ensure the professional selection of party candidates committed to taking their seats, and in 1884 he imposed a firm 'party pledge' which obliged MPs to vote as a bloc in parliament on all occasions. The creation of a strict party whip and a formal party structure was unique at the time. His party's efficient structure and control contrasted with the loose rules and flexible informality found in the main British parties; \u2013 they soon came to model themselves on the Parnellite model.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Blairism", "paragraph_text": "In British politics, the term Blairism refers to the political ideology of the former leader of the Labour Party and Prime Minister Tony Blair. It entered the \"New Penguin English Dictionary\" in 2000. Proponents of Blairism are referred to as Blairites.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Modern history", "paragraph_text": "The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act of 1854,[citation needed] although it may have begun as early as 1812. This period is also significant because it marked the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "During Mubarak's reign, the political scene was dominated by the National Democratic Party, which was created by Sadat in 1978. It passed the 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law which hampered freedoms of association and expression by imposing new regulations and draconian penalties on violations.[citation needed] As a result, by the late 1990s parliamentary politics had become virtually irrelevant and alternative avenues for political expression were curtailed as well.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Leader of Opposition (Uganda)", "paragraph_text": "The Leader of Opposition (LOP) in Uganda is the title bestowed upon the elected leader of the largest political party not within the ruling government. The Leader of Opposition appoints and heads an alternative Shadow Cabinet whose duty is to challenge and influence government legislation on the floor of Parliament The current Leader of Opposition and first Ugandan female to hold the position is Hon. Winnie Kiiza of the Forum for Democratic Change. The Opposition in Uganda is made up of members from Forum for Democratic Change, Democratic Party, Uganda People's Congress, Congress Party and JEEMA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Solidarnost", "paragraph_text": "Solidarnost (\u0421\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, Russian for \"Solidarity\", named after the Polish Solidarno\u015b\u0107) is a Russian liberal democratic political movement founded on 13 December 2008 by a number of well-known members of the liberal democratic opposition, including Garry Kasparov, Boris Nemtsov and others from the Yabloko and Union of Right Forces (which had just merged with two pro-Kremlin parties, the Democratic Party of Russia and Civilian Power, to form the pro-Kremlin liberal democratic Right Cause) parties, leaders of the Dissenters March events, the Committee 2008, the People's Democratic Union, the United Civil Front, The Other Russia and other politicians and political groups.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Anthony Eden", "paragraph_text": "After the Labour Party won the 1945 election, Eden went into opposition as Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party. Many felt that Churchill should have retired and allowed Eden to become party leader, but Churchill refused to consider this. As early as the spring of 1946, Eden openly asked Churchill to retire in his favour. He was in any case depressed during this period by the break-up of his first marriage and the death of his eldest son. Churchill was in many ways only \"part-time Leader of the Opposition\", given his many journeys abroad and his literary work, and left the day-to-day work largely to Eden. Eden was largely regarded as lacking sense of party politics and contact with the common man. In these opposition years, however, he developed some knowledge about domestic affairs and created the idea of a \"property-owning-democracy\", which Margaret Thatcher's government attempted to achieve decades later. His domestic agenda is overall considered centre-left.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov", "paragraph_text": "Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov (, \"Baqytjan Tursynuly Juma\u01f5ulov\"; born 18 August 1953) is a Kazakh politician who was Chairman of Otan and after renamed Nur Otan, the largest political party in Kazakhstan. and acting chairman of Nur Otan party, created by merging a number of other parties into Otan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Bruno Villabruna", "paragraph_text": "Born in Santa Giustina, near Belluno in the Veneto, he was first elected to parliament in 1921. After the rise to power of the fascists, he joined, unlike many other liberals, the democratic opposition around old leader Giovanni Giolitti and in 1924 refused to candidate himself in the fascist-led national union list. When all political parties were dissolved in early 1925, he retired from political life and kept on being a lawyer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Labour Party (UK)", "paragraph_text": "The Communist Party of Great Britain was refused affiliation to the Labour Party between 1921 and 1923. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party declined rapidly, and the party also suffered a catastrophic split which allowed the Labour Party to gain much of the Liberals' support. With the Liberals thus in disarray, Labour won 142 seats in 1922, making it the second largest political group in the House of Commons and the official opposition to the Conservative government. After the election the now-rehabilitated Ramsay MacDonald was voted the first official leader of the Labour Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Republican Party (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Founded in the Northern states in 1854 by anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers, the Republican Party quickly became the principal opposition to the dominant Democratic Party and the briefly popular Know Nothing Party. The main cause was opposition to the Kansas -- Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil. The first public meeting of the general ``anti-Nebraska ''movement where the name`` Republican'' was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20, 1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was partly chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Audrey McLaughlin", "paragraph_text": "Audrey Marlene McLaughlin (n\u00e9e Brown; born November 8, 1936) was leader of Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP) from 1989 to 1995. She was the first female leader of a political party with representation in the House of Commons of Canada, as well as the first female federal political party leader to represent an electoral district in a Canadian territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act", "paragraph_text": "The Kansas -- Nebraska Act divided the nation and pointed it toward civil war. The Act itself virtually nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The turmoil over the act split both the Democratic and Whig parties and gave rise to the Republican Party, which split the United States into two major political camps, the Republican North and the Democratic South.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who were the leaders of the opposition party that was created as a result of the kansas-nebraska act?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 66149, "question": "what new political party was created as a result of the kansas-nebraska act", "answer": "Republican Party", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}, {"id": 85990, "question": "who were the leaders of the opposition #1", "answer": "anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "anti-slavery activists, modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2291}
{"id": "2hop__216535_370666", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Taputapuatea", "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Pangi Territory", "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Tumaraa", "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Alain Lascoux", "paragraph_text": "Alain Lascoux (October 17, 1944 \u2013 October 20, 2013) was a French mathematician at the University of Marne la Vall\u00e9e and Nankai University. His research was primarily in algebraic combinatorics, particularly Hecke algebras and Young tableaux.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "HM Prison Tarrengower", "paragraph_text": "HM Prison Tarrengower is a women's prison located in Maldon, Victoria, Australia. It focuses on release preparation for the women, and provides them with programs and employment opportunities, also allowing them to build confidence and skill sets when it comes to gaining and maintaining employment both whilst in custody and also upon their release.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tian Yunzhang", "paragraph_text": "Tian Yunzhang (\u7530\u8574\u7ae0;born in May 1, 1945 in Tianjin, China) is a Chinese calligrapher and a calligraphy professor of Nankai University.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pak Tam Chung", "paragraph_text": "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Veterans Benefits Administration", "paragraph_text": "The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) is ``an organizational element of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ''. The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) is responsible for administering the Department's programs that provide financial and other forms of assistance to Veterans, their dependents, and survivors. Major benefits include Veterans' compensation, Veterans' pension, survivors' benefits, rehabilitation and employment assistance, education assistance, home loan guaranties, and life insurance coverage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Pettai, Karaikal", "paragraph_text": "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Samuel Estreicher", "paragraph_text": "Samuel Estreicher (born 1948) is Dwight D. Opperman Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, director of its Center for Labor and Employment and co-director of its Institute of Judicial Administration. He has published scores of articles and several books on labor law, employment law, employment discrimination law, U.S. foreign relations law, international law, and Supreme Court decisionmaking.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "States of Nigeria", "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Young tableau", "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, a Young tableau (; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe the group representations of the symmetric and general linear groups and to study their properties. Young tableaux were introduced by Alfred Young, a mathematician at Cambridge University, in 1900. They were then applied to the study of the symmetric group by Georg Frobenius in 1903. Their theory was further developed by many mathematicians, including Percy MacMahon, W. V. D. Hodge, G. de B. Robinson, Gian-Carlo Rota, Alain Lascoux, Marcel-Paul Sch\u00fctzenberger and Richard P. Stanley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality", "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Alain Terzian", "paragraph_text": "Alain Terzian (born 2 May 1949) is a French-Armenian film producer, Administrator of Cannes Film Festival jury, President of Acad\u00e9mie des Arts et Techniques du Cin\u00e9ma. He is the chief executive officer of \"Alter Films\" and the President of Union of French Producers, UPF.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Krasnovishersky District", "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In what city is Alain Lascoux's employer located?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 216535, "question": "Alain Lascoux >> employer", "answer": "Nankai University", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 370666, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Tianjin", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Tianjin", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2210}
{"id": "2hop__846388_19320", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nora Armani", "paragraph_text": "Nora Armani () was born in Giza, Egypt of Armenian parents, educated and trained in England and as an actor has appeared on stage and screen worldwide performing in different languages. She has also directed a number of plays, a feature film and short film. She holds an M.Sc. degree from the University of London (London School of Economics) and a BA from the American University in Cairo. She has continued her training at UCLA Extension  and RADA in acting and directing, in addition to a number of noteworthy workshops such as Ariane Mnouchkine\u2019s worldwide acclaimed Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Soleil  (Paris) and Simon MacBurney\u2019s equally well known physical theatre Complicity Theatre  (London).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Pedro Ram\u00edrez V\u00e1zquez", "paragraph_text": "He won several awards including the National Arts Award in 1973, Cemex Award in 2003 and IDSA's Special Award in 1969 for notable results, creative and innovative concepts and long-term benefits to the industrial design profession, its educational functions and society at large. He was minister of public infrastructure and human settlements during president's Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez Portillo government. He was founder and rector of the Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana. He was part of the faculty of the UNAM and received various honorary degrees (doctor honoris causa) granted by several universities including the UNAM.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Frank Aaen", "paragraph_text": "Frank Aaen is an educated economist and holds a master's degree in economics from Aalborg University which he received in 1985.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hermes Ram\u00edrez", "paragraph_text": "Hermes Ram\u00edrez (\"Hermes Juli\u00e1n Ram\u00edrez Limonta;\" born January 7, 1948) is a former sprinter from Cuba. Together with Juan Morales, Pablo Montes, and Enrique Figuerola he won an Olympic silver medal in 4 x 100 metres relay in Mexico City 1968. His other achievements include four 100\u00a0m and 200\u00a0m titles at the Central American and Caribbean Championships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Honduras Top 50", "paragraph_text": "The Honduras Top 50 is the official airplay music chart in Honduras. Chart rankings are based on radio play and surveyed through radio stations in San Pedro Sula, Tegucigalpa, La Ceiba, Puerto Cort\u00e9s, Choluteca and Roaton. The charts are compiled by \"Fuzion\" magazine and published by \"El Tiempo\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "David Noel Ram\u00edrez Padilla", "paragraph_text": "David Noel Ram\u00edrez Padilla (born January 12, 1950) was the dean of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education university system (ITESM) which has thirty one campuses in various parts of Mexico. Ramirez\u2019s education and career as both an educator and administrator have all been around this university system, culminating to his former position beginning in January 2011. In addition, he has authored eight books, numerous articles, served as keynote speaker at various conferences and advised outside institutions on matters regarding accounting, finance and human development.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jos\u00e9 Cadalso", "paragraph_text": "Jos\u00e9 de Cadalso y V\u00e1zquez (C\u00e1diz, 1741 \u2013 Gibraltar, 1782), Spanish, Colonel of the Royal Spanish Army, author, poet, playwright and essayist, one of the canonical producers of Spanish Enlightenment literature.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Electrochemical Society", "paragraph_text": "The Electrochemical Society is a learned society (professional association) based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of electrochemistry and solid-state science and technology. The society membership comprises more than 8,000 scientists and engineers in over 70 countries worldwide who hold individual membership, as well as roughly 100 corporations and laboratories that hold corporate membership.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Severino Reija", "paragraph_text": "Severino Reija V\u00e1zquez (born 25 November 1938 in Lugo, Galicia) is a former footballer from Spain who played as a defender.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Genaro V\u00e1zquez Rojas", "paragraph_text": "Genaro V\u00e1zquez Rojas studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico () (UNAM), however did not finish. At age 24 he co-founded the Guerreran Civic Community (CCG), while teaching at schools in the slums of the Federal District. The following year in 1958 V\u00e1zquez Rojas participated in the Revolutionary Teacher's Movement (MRM) during the strike and seizure of the Secretariat of Public Education. V\u00e1zquez Rojas would eventually be fired from his teachers position and go on to represent coffee, copra, and palm workers before the Department of Agrarian Affairs and Colonization (DAAC).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "List of Major League Baseball career strikeout leaders", "paragraph_text": "Rank Player Nolan Ryan \u2020 5,714 Randy Johnson \u2020 4,875 Roger Clemens 4,672 Steve Carlton \u2020 4,136 Bert Blyleven \u2020 3,701 6 Tom Seaver \u2020 3,640 7 Don Sutton \u2020 3,574 8 Gaylord Perry \u2020 3,534 9 Walter Johnson \u2020 3,508 10 Greg Maddux \u2020 3,371 11 Phil Niekro \u2020 3,342 12 Ferguson Jenkins \u2020 3,192 13 Pedro Mart\u00ednez \u2020 3,154 14 Bob Gibson \u2020 3,117 15 Curt Schilling 3,116 16 John Smoltz \u2020 3,084 17 Jim Bunning \u2020 2,855 18 CC Sabathia (114) 2,840 19 Mickey Lolich 2,832 20 Mike Mussina 2,813 21 Cy Young \u2020 2,803 22 Frank Tanana 2,773 23 David Cone 2,668 24 Chuck Finley 2,610 25 Tom Glavine \u2020 2,607 26 Warren Spahn \u2020 2,583 27 Bob Feller \u2020 2,581 28 Tim Keefe \u2020 2,564 29 Jerry Koosman 2,556 30 Javier V\u00e1zquez 2,536 31 A.J. Burnett 2,513 32 Christy Mathewson \u2020 2,507 33 Don Drysdale \u2020 2,486 34 Jack Morris 2,478", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Lucio San Pedro", "paragraph_text": "Lucio San Pedro Lucio D. San Pedro, Sr. (1913 - 02 - 11) February 11, 1913 Angono, Rizal, Philippine Islands March 31, 2002 (2002 - 03 - 31) (aged 89) Angono Medics Hospital, Angono, Rizal, Philippines Resting place Angono, Rizal Nationality Filipino Other names LDSP Occupation composer, teacher, conductor Known for National Artist of the Philippines for Music, composer of hymns like Nuestro Padre Jes\u00fas Nazareno Spouse (s) Gertrudes San Pedro (n\u00e9e D\u00edaz) Children Rhodora San Pedro Bienvenido San Pedro Ma. Conchita San Pedro Ma. Cristina San Pedro Lucio San Pedro, Jr. Awards National Artist of the Philippines", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Efren Ramirez", "paragraph_text": "Efrain Antonio Ram\u00edrez (born October 2, 1973) is an American actor and DJ, best known for playing Pedro S\u00e1nchez in the 2004 indie film Napoleon Dynamite. He later reprised his role in the 2012 animated series of the same name.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Lasallian educational institutions", "paragraph_text": "The De La Salle Brothers, say that, with the assistance of more than 73,000 lay colleagues, they teach over 900,000 students as they provide Christian value education worldwide to 1,500 Lasallian educational institutions and is globally established in 82 countries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Joaqu\u00edn V\u00e1zquez", "paragraph_text": "Joaqu\u00edn V\u00e1zquez Fern\u00e1ndez (August 26, 1897 \u2013 October 21, 1965) was a Spanish footballer. He competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Francisco H. V\u00e1zquez", "paragraph_text": "Francisco H. V\u00e1zquez (born June 11, 1949 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican-American scholar and public intellectual. V\u00e1zquez is currently a tenured professor of the history of ideas and director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy Studies and Community Action at the nationally known Hutchins School of Liberal Studies at Sonoma State University. He is also the director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy Studies and Community Action. He co-authored the prominent book \"Latino/a Thought: Culture, Politics, and Society\", (Rowman & Littlefield) with University of California Irvine professor Rodolfo D. Torres in 2003. A second edition by V\u00e1zquez alone was issued on December 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Manuel Orozco y Berra", "paragraph_text": "Manuel Orozco y Berra (8 June 1816 - 27 January 1881; He was born and died in Mexico City) was a Mexican historian and a member of the Mexican Academy of Language. He was a disciple of Jos\u00e9 Fernando Ram\u00edrez and Joaqu\u00edn Garc\u00eda Icazbalceta and together with them, is considered one of the most important historians of Mexico of the 19th century, ranking \"as a major figure among 19th-century students of the Mexican Indian past.\" He produced a significant body of published work on Mesoamerican ethnohistory,", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Harvard University", "paragraph_text": "Harvard has been highly ranked by many university rankings. In particular, it has consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) since 2003, and the THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published. When the QS and Times were published in partnership as the THE-QS World University Rankings during 2004-2009, Harvard had also been regarded the first in every year. The University's undergraduate program has been continuously among the top two in the U.S. News & World Report. In 2014, Harvard topped the University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP). It was ranked 8th on the 2013-2014 PayScale College Salary Report and 14th on the 2013 PayScale College Education Value Rankings. From a poll done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is the second most commonly named \"dream college\", both for students and parents in 2013, and was the first nominated by parents in 2009. In 2011, the Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities ranked Harvard 1st university in the world in terms of number of alumni holding CEO position in Fortune Global 500 companies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "School of Salamanca", "paragraph_text": "Gabriel V\u00e1zquez (1549\u20131604) held that natural law is not limited to the individual, but obliges societies to act in accord and be treated with justice.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What worldwide ranking does the university that Pedro Ramirez Vasquez attended hold?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 846388, "question": "Pedro Ram\u00edrez V\u00e1zquez >> educated at", "answer": "UNAM", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}, {"id": 19320, "question": "What worldwide ranking does #1 hold?", "answer": "74th", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "74th", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2179}
{"id": "2hop__91211_90973", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Cleveland Show", "paragraph_text": "Sanaa Lathan voices Donna Tubbs, the wife of Cleveland, stepmother of Cleveland Brown Jr., and mother of Roberta and Rallo Tubbs. In developing the character, Lathan said that the producers ``wanted her to be educated, but to have some edge. ''Prior to voicing Donna, Lathan had only one other voice credit in a relatively low - budget film entitled The Golden Blaze. In addition to the show, she also primarily worked as an actress in such films as Alien vs. Predator, Love & Basketball and The Family That Preys.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Black Swan dance double controversy", "paragraph_text": "Black Swan is a 2010 American psychological thriller film about a ballet dancer directed by Darren Aronofsky and starring Natalie Portman, Vincent Cassel, and Mila Kunis. After the 83rd Academy Awards, in which Portman won the Oscar for Best Actress for her role in the film as a ballerina, controversy arose over how much credit for the dancing in the film was being given to her and how much to her ``dance double '', American Ballet Theatre soloist Sarah Lane.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Big Chuck and Lil' John", "paragraph_text": "Charles \"Big Chuck\" Schodowski (born June 28, 1934) and \"Lil'\u00a0John\" Rinaldi (born January 20, 1946) \u2013 together commonly known as Big Chuck and Lil' John \u2013 are a duo of entertainers who served as late-night horror hosts of The Big\u00a0Chuck and Lil'\u00a0John Show on television station WJW in Cleveland, Ohio from 1979 to 2007. In addition to hosting a movie with a live audience, they also performed original sketch comedy routines. At the end of each sketch was a very distinctive laugh (see external links section below) voiced by comedian/actor Jay Lawrence, who was a disc jockey for KYW radio in Cleveland during the early 1960s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of The Cleveland Show characters", "paragraph_text": "Cleveland Brown (voiced by Mike Henry) is the protagonist of the series. He is a heavy - set African - American male who is very polite to everyone and has a unique laugh. He was formerly one of Peter Griffin's best friends in Family Guy and also owned and ran a deli. In ``Pilot ''he moves to the town of Stoolbend, Virginia to show his son where he grew up (even though Cleveland was in love with Donna but they were only friends and she did not know it). Eventually re-sparking his relationship with her, they get married and he and his son move in with her and her two children. Cleveland is usually depicted as exceedingly gentle and patient, and it is only on rare occasions that he has been known to lose his temper and resort to violence. However, Cleveland gets visibly annoyed with racist behavior, which sometimes is justified. He often acts as the voice of caution when other characters hatch harebrained schemes. Cleveland's speech is slow and almost elongated in Family Guy, but in The Cleveland Show his voice has a wide variety. Various flashbacks give conflicting histories of his speech patterns. He is shown as a more sexual, stupid, and violent character in his new form than he was originally.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "Mila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.''", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fianc\u00e9) Nationality American", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg made her first appearance on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in Yug Ylimaf and Back to the Pilot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Book of Eli", "paragraph_text": "Denzel Washington as Eli Gary Oldman as Carnegie Mila Kunis as Solara Ray Stevenson as Redridge Jennifer Beals as Claudia Evan Jones as Martz Joe Pingue as Hoyt Frances de la Tour as Martha Michael Gambon as George Tom Waits as Engineer Chris Browning as Hijack Leader Malcolm McDowell as Lombardi (uncredited)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Spy Who Dumped Me", "paragraph_text": "The Spy Who Dumped Me Theatrical release poster Directed by Susanna Fogel Produced by Brian Grazer Erica Huggins Written by Susanna Fogel David Iserson Starring Mila Kunis Kate McKinnon Justin Theroux Sam Heughan Gillian Anderson Music by Tyler Bates Cinematography Barry Peterson Edited by Johnathan Schwartz Production company Imagine Entertainment Lionsgate Bron Studios Distributed by Lionsgate Release date August 3, 2018 (2018 - 08 - 03) (United States) Running time 117 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $40 million Box office $72 million", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Friends with Benefits (film)", "paragraph_text": "Friends with Benefits is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Will Gluck, and starring Justin Timberlake and Mila Kunis in the lead roles. The film features Patricia Clarkson, Jenna Elfman, Bryan Greenberg, Nolan Gould, Richard Jenkins, and Woody Harrelson in supporting roles. The plot revolves around Dylan Harper (Timberlake) and Jamie Rellis (Kunis), who meet in New York City, and naively believe adding sex to their friendship will not lead to complications. Over time, they begin to develop deep mutual feelings for each other, only to deny it each time they are together.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "Alex Borstein voices Lois Griffin, Asian correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on MADtv. She had not met MacFarlane or seen any of his artwork and said it was ``really sight unseen ''. At the time, Borstein performed in a stage show in Los Angeles, in which she played a redhead mother whose voice she had based on one of her cousins. The voice was originally slower (and deeper for the original series), but when MacFarlane heard it, he replied`` Make it a little less fucking annoying... and speed it up, or every episode will last four hours.''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "American Psycho 2", "paragraph_text": "American Psycho 2 (also known as American Psycho II: All American Girl) is a 2002 American black comedy horror film and a stand-alone sequel to Mary Harron's 2000 film adaptation of \"American Psycho\". It is directed by Morgan J. Freeman and stars Mila Kunis as Rachael Newman, a driven criminology student who is drawn to murder. The film also features William Shatner as her professor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Cleveland Show", "paragraph_text": "Jason Sudeikis plays Holt Richter, one of Cleveland's drinking buddies with a short stature, and Terry Kimple, one of Cleveland's longtime friends who now works with him at Waterman Cable. Sudeikis originally began as a recurring cast member, but starting with the episode ``Harder, Better, Faster, Browner '', he was promoted to a series regular.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Sterling Holloway", "paragraph_text": "Sterling Price Holloway Jr. (January 4, 1905 -- November 22, 1992) was an American character actor and voice actor who appeared in over 100 films and 40 television shows. He was also a voice actor for The Walt Disney Company, well known for his distinctive tenor voice, and served as the original voice of the title character in Walt Disney's Winnie the Pooh.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "The Spy Who Dumped Me", "paragraph_text": "The Spy Who Dumped Me is a 2018 American action comedy film directed by Susanna Fogel and co-written by Fogel and David Iserson. The film stars Mila Kunis, Kate McKinnon, Justin Theroux, Sam Heughan, Hasan Minhaj and Gillian Anderson and follows two best friends who are chased through Europe by assassins after one of their ex-boyfriends turns out to be a CIA agent. The film was released in the United States on August 3, 2018, by Lionsgate. It has grossed over $72 million and received mixed reviews from critics, who questioned the film's intended genre and tone but praised the performances.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Bad Moms", "paragraph_text": "Amy Mitchell (Mila Kunis) is a married woman in the Chicago suburbs with two children, Jane (Oona Laurence) and Dylan (Emjay Anthony), who feels overworked and overcommitted. She works as a sales rep for a ``hip ''coffee company, prepares healthful, hand - packed lunches for her children, does most of their homework, goes to all of their extracurricular activities, and is active in her school's PTA, run by the domineering Gwendolyn James (Christina Applegate) and her cronies, Stacy (Jada Pinkett Smith) and Vicky (Annie Mumolo). When she catches her husband Mike (David Walton) cheating on her with a camgirl, Amy kicks him out and attempts to keep everything together.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Oz the Great and Powerful", "paragraph_text": "Oz the Great and Powerful is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed by Sam Raimi and produced by Joe Roth, from a screenplay written by David Lindsay - Abaire and Mitchell Kapner. The film stars James Franco, Michelle Williams, Rachel Weisz and Mila Kunis, with Zach Braff, Bill Cobbs, Joey King, and Tony Cox in supporting roles. Based on L. Frank Baum's Oz novels and set 20 years before the events of the original novel, Oz the Great and Powerful is a spiritual prequel to the 1939 Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer film, The Wizard of Oz. The film tells the story of Oscar Diggs, a deceptive magician who arrives in the Land of Oz and encounters three witches: Theodora, Evanora, and Glinda. Oscar is then enlisted to restore order in Oz, while struggling to resolve conflicts with the witches and himself.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Family Guy (season 7)", "paragraph_text": "Family Guy's seventh season first aired on the Fox network in sixteen episodes from September 28, 2008 to May 17, 2009 before being released as two DVD box sets and syndicated. The animated television series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family (father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian), who reside in the town of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Mila Kunis in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the seventh season were MacFarlane, Danny Smith, David Goodman and Chris Sheridan. Goodman and Sheridan served as showrunners for season seven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Cleveland Bulldogs", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Bulldogs were a team that played in Cleveland, Ohio in the National Football League. They were originally called the Indians in 1923, not to be confused with the Cleveland Indians NFL franchise in 1922. However, after team owner Samuel Deutsch purchased the Canton Bulldogs in 1924, he merged the Canton team with his Indians and renamed his franchise the Cleveland Bulldogs. The Canton Bulldogs remained a part of the team until 1925, when they were sold back to Canton. The Cleveland Bulldogs played in the NFL until 1928 when they were relocated to Detroit and became the Detroit Wolverines. The team was later incorporated into the New York Giants in 1929. The Cleveland Bulldogs won the 1924 NFL championship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg debuted on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in`` Yug Ylimaf'' and ``Back to the Pilot ''.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did the original voice of the character played by mila kunis in the cleveland show?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 91211, "question": "who does mila kunis play in the cleveland show", "answer": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 90973, "question": "who did the original voice of #1", "answer": "Lacey Chabert", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "Lacey Chabert", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2542}
{"id": "2hop__48033_90973", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Peter Dickson (announcer)", "paragraph_text": "Peter Dickson (born 23 June 1957), is a British voice - over artist. He is best known as the voice of E4, and he is the brand voice of The X Factor, Britain's Got Talent, The Price Is Right, Family Fortunes, All Star Mr & Mrs, Live at the Apollo, Michael McIntyre's Comedy Roadshow and Chris Moyles' Quiz Night.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Alex Borstein", "paragraph_text": "Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She is known for voicing the role of Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series Family Guy (1999 -- present), for which she has been nominated for multiple Primetime Emmy Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Friends with Benefits (film)", "paragraph_text": "Friends with Benefits is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Will Gluck, and starring Justin Timberlake and Mila Kunis in the lead roles. The film features Patricia Clarkson, Jenna Elfman, Bryan Greenberg, Nolan Gould, Richard Jenkins, and Woody Harrelson in supporting roles. The plot revolves around Dylan Harper (Timberlake) and Jamie Rellis (Kunis), who meet in New York City, and naively believe adding sex to their friendship will not lead to complications. Over time, they begin to develop deep mutual feelings for each other, only to deny it each time they are together.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hannah Banana", "paragraph_text": "``Hannah Banana ''was written by series regular Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by John Holmquist, before the conclusion of the eighth production season. Commenting on the original development of the episode, series creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane stated,`` (The episode) was the result of our ongoing desire to let the series stagnate, and kind of evolve things that may have run their course. There's only so many times you can do the Evil Monkey jumping out of that closet, before the joke gets old, and I think often times there's a fear to mess with what works, and change things permanently. (...) We literally retired the Evil Monkey in this episode, and got a great episode out of it, which was worth it, and kind of evolved the series in a way.'' Singer and actress Candace Marie provided the voice of Miley Cyrus. Marie received the role when her producer alerted her of the audition, and she eventually received a call from the Family Guy casting director a month later. Even though the episode mocked Cyrus, Marie did not think she would upset any of Cyrus' fans. She added that she is a fan herself, and ``was very impressed by the way Family Guy developed the episode, ''and thought it was`` a huge compliment for them to refer to Miley as the ``perfect popstar.'' ''After voicing Cyrus, Marie was called back to Family Guy to voice Meg's friend Beth for`` several upcoming episodes.'' Marie described Beth as a girl that is ``rarely addressed in conversation but loves to chime in whenever she can. ''The song in the episode sung by Cyrus was written by Chevapravatdumrong, and composed and performed by Family Guy composer Walter Murphy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Look Who's Talking Too", "paragraph_text": "Look Who's Talking Too is a 1990 American romantic comedy film and a sequel to director Amy Heckerling's 1989 comedy Look Who's Talking. The film stars the original cast members John Travolta and Kirstie Alley as James and Mollie Ubriacco, the parents of Mikey (voiced by Bruce Willis), a toddler coping with the newest addition to the family, baby Julie (voiced by Roseanne Barr). In addition to this, he is having trouble using a potty, and the unorthodox advice he gets from his playmate, Eddie (voiced by Damon Wayans), does n't make his problem any better.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Family Guy (season 1)", "paragraph_text": "The first season of the animated comedy series Family Guy aired on Fox from January 31 to May 16, 1999, and consisted of seven episodes. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family -- father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, son Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Lacey Chabert in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the first season were David Zuckerman and MacFarlane.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Family Guy (season 7)", "paragraph_text": "Family Guy's seventh season first aired on the Fox network in sixteen episodes from September 28, 2008 to May 17, 2009 before being released as two DVD box sets and syndicated. The animated television series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family (father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian), who reside in the town of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Mila Kunis in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the seventh season were MacFarlane, Danny Smith, David Goodman and Chris Sheridan. Goodman and Sheridan served as showrunners for season seven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Lori Alan", "paragraph_text": "Lori Alan (born July 18, 1966) is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sterling Holloway", "paragraph_text": "Sterling Price Holloway Jr. (January 4, 1905 -- November 22, 1992) was an American character actor and voice actor who appeared in over 100 films and 40 television shows. He was also a voice actor for The Walt Disney Company, well known for his distinctive tenor voice, and served as the original voice of the title character in Walt Disney's Winnie the Pooh.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Alex Borstein", "paragraph_text": "Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She is best known for voicing the role of Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series Family Guy (1999 -- present), for which she has been nominated for multiple Primetime Emmy Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg debuted on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in`` Yug Ylimaf'' and ``Back to the Pilot ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Carlos Alazraqui", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Jaime Alazraqui (born July 20, 1962) is an American stand - up comedian, actor, voice actor, singer, impressionist, producer and screenwriter possibly best known as Deputy James Garcia on Reno 911!. His extensive voice - over work includes the role of Bobbi Fabulous on Phineas and Ferb, the Taco Bell chihuahua in the Taco Bell commercials, Denzel Crocker and Juandissimo Magnifico on The Fairly OddParents, Rocko and Spunky on Rocko's Modern Life, Lazlo and Clam in Camp Lazlo, Grandpapi Rivera in El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera, and as Mr. Weed in Family Guy. He is a weekly contributor on The Stephanie Miller Show.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "John Viener", "paragraph_text": "John D. Viener (born July 10, 1972) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, and comedian. Viener was born in New York City, New York. He is a writer and producer on the television series \"Family Guy\", where he also voices many miscellaneous characters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "Mila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.''", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "List of The Cleveland Show characters", "paragraph_text": "Cleveland Brown (voiced by Mike Henry) is the protagonist of the series. He is a heavy - set African - American male who is very polite to everyone and has a unique laugh. He was formerly one of Peter Griffin's best friends in Family Guy and also owned and ran a deli. In ``Pilot ''he moves to the town of Stoolbend, Virginia to show his son where he grew up (even though Cleveland was in love with Donna but they were only friends and she did not know it). Eventually re-sparking his relationship with her, they get married and he and his son move in with her and her two children. Cleveland is usually depicted as exceedingly gentle and patient, and it is only on rare occasions that he has been known to lose his temper and resort to violence. However, Cleveland gets visibly annoyed with racist behavior, which sometimes is justified. He often acts as the voice of caution when other characters hatch harebrained schemes. Cleveland's speech is slow and almost elongated in Family Guy, but in The Cleveland Show his voice has a wide variety. Various flashbacks give conflicting histories of his speech patterns. He is shown as a more sexual, stupid, and violent character in his new form than he was originally.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg made her first appearance on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in Yug Ylimaf and Back to the Pilot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "Lacey Chabert voiced Meg for the first production season (14 episodes), but, because of a contractual agreement, was never credited. Chabert left the series due to time constraints with her acting role in Party of Five, as well as schoolwork. Norm Macdonald voiced the character of Death in a second season episode of Family Guy. He was subsequently replaced by Adam Carolla in all other appearances. Jon Cryer originally voiced Kevin Swanson in his first appearance, before the role was passed temporarily onto Seth MacFarlane. The character was written out of the series for several years, with Scott Grimes taking over the voice when the character returned. Fairuza Balk was the original voice of high school bully Connie D'Amico until Lisa Wilhoit took over the character in the third season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Cleveland Brown", "paragraph_text": "In the earlier seasons of Family Guy, Cleveland frequently appeared alongside his wife Loretta Brown (voiced by Alex Borstein), until their divorce was portrayed in the Family Guy season 4 episode ``The Cleveland -- Loretta Quagmire ''. The pilot episode of The Cleveland Show depicts Cleveland's farewell to the familiar characters and settings of Family Guy. The Cleveland Show establishes its setting of Stoolbend, Virginia as Cleveland's childhood home town, and introduces a new family and set of characters supporting Cleveland as lead. Following The Cleveland Show's cancellation in 2013, Cleveland returned to Family Guy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fianc\u00e9) Nationality American", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Lori Alan", "paragraph_text": "Lori Alan is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did the original voice of the character Mila Kunis plays on family Guy?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 48033, "question": "who does mila kunis voice in family guy", "answer": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 90973, "question": "who did the original voice of #1", "answer": "Lacey Chabert", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "Lacey Chabert", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2523}
{"id": "2hop__64175_90973", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Oz the Great and Powerful", "paragraph_text": "Oz the Great and Powerful is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed by Sam Raimi and produced by Joe Roth, from a screenplay written by David Lindsay - Abaire and Mitchell Kapner. The film stars James Franco, Michelle Williams, Rachel Weisz and Mila Kunis, with Zach Braff, Bill Cobbs, Joey King, and Tony Cox in supporting roles. Based on L. Frank Baum's Oz novels and set 20 years before the events of the original novel, Oz the Great and Powerful is a spiritual prequel to the 1939 Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer film, The Wizard of Oz. The film tells the story of Oscar Diggs, a deceptive magician who arrives in the Land of Oz and encounters three witches: Theodora, Evanora, and Glinda. Oscar is then enlisted to restore order in Oz, while struggling to resolve conflicts with the witches and himself.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Book of Eli", "paragraph_text": "Denzel Washington as Eli Gary Oldman as Carnegie Mila Kunis as Solara Ray Stevenson as Redridge Jennifer Beals as Claudia Evan Jones as Martz Joe Pingue as Hoyt Frances de la Tour as Martha Michael Gambon as George Tom Waits as Engineer Chris Browning as Hijack Leader Malcolm McDowell as Lombardi (uncredited)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "John Viener", "paragraph_text": "John D. Viener (born July 10, 1972) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, and comedian. Viener was born in New York City, New York. He is a writer and producer on the television series \"Family Guy\", where he also voices many miscellaneous characters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "Mila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.''", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Alex Borstein", "paragraph_text": "Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She is known for voicing the role of Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series Family Guy (1999 -- present), for which she has been nominated for multiple Primetime Emmy Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lori Alan", "paragraph_text": "Lori Alan is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg made her first appearance on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in Yug Ylimaf and Back to the Pilot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Lori Alan", "paragraph_text": "Lori Alan (born July 18, 1966) is an American actress, comedian, and voice actress. She has played a long - running role as Pearl Krabs on the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. She also voiced Diane Simmons on Family Guy, the Invisible Woman on The Fantastic Four, and The Boss in the Metal Gear video game series. Alan is active with animal rescue and politics, and she currently lives in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Black Swan dance double controversy", "paragraph_text": "Black Swan is a 2010 American psychological thriller film about a ballet dancer directed by Darren Aronofsky and starring Natalie Portman, Vincent Cassel, and Mila Kunis. After the 83rd Academy Awards, in which Portman won the Oscar for Best Actress for her role in the film as a ballerina, controversy arose over how much credit for the dancing in the film was being given to her and how much to her ``dance double '', American Ballet Theatre soloist Sarah Lane.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Quagmire's Mom", "paragraph_text": "``Quagmire's Mom ''Family Guy episode Glenn Quagmire and his born - again Christian mother, Crystal Episode no. Season 13 Episode 10 Directed by Greg Colton Written by Tom Devanney Original air date February 8, 2015 (2015 - 02 - 08) Guest appearance (s) Allison Janney as Crystal Quagmire Emily Osment as Kira Episode chronology \u2190 Previous`` This Little Piggy'' Next \u2192 ``Encyclopedia Griffin ''Family Guy (season 13) List of Family Guy episodes", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "American Psycho 2", "paragraph_text": "American Psycho 2 (also known as American Psycho II: All American Girl) is a 2002 American black comedy horror film and a stand-alone sequel to Mary Harron's 2000 film adaptation of \"American Psycho\". It is directed by Morgan J. Freeman and stars Mila Kunis as Rachael Newman, a driven criminology student who is drawn to murder. The film also features William Shatner as her professor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Family Guy (season 7)", "paragraph_text": "Family Guy's seventh season first aired on the Fox network in sixteen episodes from September 28, 2008 to May 17, 2009 before being released as two DVD box sets and syndicated. The animated television series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family (father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian), who reside in the town of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Mila Kunis in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the seventh season were MacFarlane, Danny Smith, David Goodman and Chris Sheridan. Goodman and Sheridan served as showrunners for season seven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Hannah Banana", "paragraph_text": "``Hannah Banana ''was written by series regular Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by John Holmquist, before the conclusion of the eighth production season. Commenting on the original development of the episode, series creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane stated,`` (The episode) was the result of our ongoing desire to let the series stagnate, and kind of evolve things that may have run their course. There's only so many times you can do the Evil Monkey jumping out of that closet, before the joke gets old, and I think often times there's a fear to mess with what works, and change things permanently. (...) We literally retired the Evil Monkey in this episode, and got a great episode out of it, which was worth it, and kind of evolved the series in a way.'' Singer and actress Candace Marie provided the voice of Miley Cyrus. Marie received the role when her producer alerted her of the audition, and she eventually received a call from the Family Guy casting director a month later. Even though the episode mocked Cyrus, Marie did not think she would upset any of Cyrus' fans. She added that she is a fan herself, and ``was very impressed by the way Family Guy developed the episode, ''and thought it was`` a huge compliment for them to refer to Miley as the ``perfect popstar.'' ''After voicing Cyrus, Marie was called back to Family Guy to voice Meg's friend Beth for`` several upcoming episodes.'' Marie described Beth as a girl that is ``rarely addressed in conversation but loves to chime in whenever she can. ''The song in the episode sung by Cyrus was written by Chevapravatdumrong, and composed and performed by Family Guy composer Walter Murphy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Alex Borstein", "paragraph_text": "Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She is best known for voicing the role of Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series Family Guy (1999 -- present), for which she has been nominated for multiple Primetime Emmy Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Family Guy", "paragraph_text": "In the United Kingdom, Family Guy premiered in September 1999, originally on Channel 4 and Sky One. In January 2005, FX (now Fox) began broadcasting the show. From October 2005, BBC Two started screening Family Guy before switching to BBC Three on September 2006. In March 2015, it was announced that season 14 of Family Guy and all of MacFarlane's other cartoons will transfer to ITV2, premiering on February 29, 2016, while the BBC would continue to hold the rights until 2017 for older episodes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Cleveland Brown", "paragraph_text": "In the earlier seasons of Family Guy, Cleveland frequently appeared alongside his wife Loretta Brown (voiced by Alex Borstein), until their divorce was portrayed in the Family Guy season 4 episode ``The Cleveland -- Loretta Quagmire ''. The pilot episode of The Cleveland Show depicts Cleveland's farewell to the familiar characters and settings of Family Guy. The Cleveland Show establishes its setting of Stoolbend, Virginia as Cleveland's childhood home town, and introduces a new family and set of characters supporting Cleveland as lead. Following The Cleveland Show's cancellation in 2013, Cleveland returned to Family Guy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "Lacey Chabert voiced Meg for the first production season (14 episodes), but, because of a contractual agreement, was never credited. Chabert left the series due to time constraints with her acting role in Party of Five, as well as schoolwork. Norm Macdonald voiced the character of Death in a second season episode of Family Guy. He was subsequently replaced by Adam Carolla in all other appearances. Jon Cryer originally voiced Kevin Swanson in his first appearance, before the role was passed temporarily onto Seth MacFarlane. The character was written out of the series for several years, with Scott Grimes taking over the voice when the character returned. Fairuza Balk was the original voice of high school bully Connie D'Amico until Lisa Wilhoit took over the character in the third season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fianc\u00e9) Nationality American", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Herbert (Family Guy)", "paragraph_text": "John Herbert Family Guy character First appearance ``To Love and Die in Dixie ''Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Mike Henry Information Full name John Herbert Gender Male Occupation U.S Army Air force pilot in World War II Nationality American", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Friends with Benefits (film)", "paragraph_text": "Friends with Benefits is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Will Gluck, and starring Justin Timberlake and Mila Kunis in the lead roles. The film features Patricia Clarkson, Jenna Elfman, Bryan Greenberg, Nolan Gould, Richard Jenkins, and Woody Harrelson in supporting roles. The plot revolves around Dylan Harper (Timberlake) and Jamie Rellis (Kunis), who meet in New York City, and naively believe adding sex to their friendship will not lead to complications. Over time, they begin to develop deep mutual feelings for each other, only to deny it each time they are together.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did the original voice of the character Mila Kunis plays on Family Guy?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 64175, "question": "who does mila kunis play on family guy", "answer": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 90973, "question": "who did the original voice of #1", "answer": "Lacey Chabert", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "Lacey Chabert", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2330}
{"id": "2hop__50936_90973", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ken Page", "paragraph_text": "Ken Page (born January 20, 1954) is an American cabaret singer, actor and voice actor from St. Louis, Missouri. Page is best known as the voice of ``Oogie Boogie '', the main antagonist of Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas, creating the eponymous role of`` Ken'' in the original Broadway production of Ai n't Misbehavin 'and playing the role of ``Old Deuteronomy ''in both the original Broadway and filmed stage productions of Cats, the Musical.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Patrick Stewart", "paragraph_text": "In the 1980s, Stewart began working in American television and film, with roles such as Captain Jean - Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation and its successor films, as Professor Charles Xavier in the X-Men series of superhero movies, the lead of the Starz TV series Blunt Talk, and voice roles such as CIA Deputy Director Avery Bullock in American Dad! and the poo emoji in The Emoji Movie. Having remained with the Royal Shakespeare Company, in 2008 Stewart played King Claudius in Hamlet on the West End and won a second Olivier Award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Scott Grimes", "paragraph_text": "Scott Richard Grimes (born July 9, 1971) is an American actor, voice artist, singer, and songwriter. Some of his most prominent roles include appearances in ER as Dr. Archie Morris, Party of Five as Will McCorkle, Band of Brothers as Technical Sergeant Donald Malarkey, and the animated sitcom American Dad!, voicing Steve Smith. He is also well known by cult movie fans for his role as Bradley Brown in the first two Critters films. As of September 10, 2017, he has been a regular on the Fox sci - fi comedy - drama The Orville.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Samuel E. Wright", "paragraph_text": "Samuel E. Wright is an American film and theatre actor and singer. He is best known as the voice of Sebastian in Disney's The Little Mermaid, for which he provided the main vocals to ``Under the Sea '', which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Wright also played the part of Mufasa in the original cast of The Lion King on Broadway and voiced Kron the Iguanodon in Disney's CGI film Dinosaur.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Family Guy (season 7)", "paragraph_text": "Family Guy's seventh season first aired on the Fox network in sixteen episodes from September 28, 2008 to May 17, 2009 before being released as two DVD box sets and syndicated. The animated television series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family (father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian), who reside in the town of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Mila Kunis in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the seventh season were MacFarlane, Danny Smith, David Goodman and Chris Sheridan. Goodman and Sheridan served as showrunners for season seven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": "Mila Kunis is the voice of the character named Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.''", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Curtis Armstrong", "paragraph_text": "Curtis Armstrong (born November 27, 1953) is an American actor known for his portrayal as Booger in the Revenge of the Nerds movies, as Herbert Viola on Moonlighting, as Miles Dalby in Risky Business, as famed record producer Ahmet Erteg\u00fcn in the film Ray, as the voice of ``Maru ''in Planes: Fire & Rescue, and for voicing Schmuley`` Snot'' Lonstein in American Dad!, and the title character in the show Dan Vs. He is also the co-host of the TBS reality television competition series King of the Nerds, in addition to the role of Metatron in the series Supernatural.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Blagsnarst, a Love Story", "paragraph_text": "Critical reception for ``Blagsnarst, a Love Story ''was mostly positive. Alasdair Wilkins of The A.V. Club gave this episode an A - stating:`` The episode features Kim Kardashian, a move that should feel like shameless stunt - casting, except she's on hand to play a furry pink alien; this is in keeping with American Dad's admirable habit of reeling in impressive guest voices and casting them in unrecognizable roles. The episode features Roger and Stan at their most casually sociopathic, yet both find just enough hidden emotional depth for the episode to not feel completely mean - spirited.''", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Steve Smith (American Dad!)", "paragraph_text": "Steven Anita ``Steve ''Smith is a fictional character in the animated television series American Dad!, voiced by Scott Grimes. He is Stan and Francine Smith's only son and Hayley's younger brother as well as the youngest of the series' six main characters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Spy Who Dumped Me", "paragraph_text": "The Spy Who Dumped Me Theatrical release poster Directed by Susanna Fogel Produced by Brian Grazer Erica Huggins Written by Susanna Fogel David Iserson Starring Mila Kunis Kate McKinnon Justin Theroux Sam Heughan Gillian Anderson Music by Tyler Bates Cinematography Barry Peterson Edited by Johnathan Schwartz Production company Imagine Entertainment Lionsgate Bron Studios Distributed by Lionsgate Release date August 3, 2018 (2018 - 08 - 03) (United States) Running time 117 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $40 million Box office $72 million", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Rachael MacFarlane", "paragraph_text": "Rachael Ann MacFarlane Laudiero (born March 21, 1976) is an American voice actress and singer best known as the voice of character Hayley Smith on the animated television show American Dad!, which was co-created by her older brother Seth MacFarlane. She also voiced Supreme Leader Numbuh 362 in Codename: Kids Next Door and Kate Lockwell in Starcraft II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fianc\u00e9) Nationality American", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Book of Eli", "paragraph_text": "Denzel Washington as Eli Gary Oldman as Carnegie Mila Kunis as Solara Ray Stevenson as Redridge Jennifer Beals as Claudia Evan Jones as Martz Joe Pingue as Hoyt Frances de la Tour as Martha Michael Gambon as George Tom Waits as Engineer Chris Browning as Hijack Leader Malcolm McDowell as Lombardi (uncredited)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Oz the Great and Powerful", "paragraph_text": "Oz the Great and Powerful is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed by Sam Raimi and produced by Joe Roth, from a screenplay written by David Lindsay - Abaire and Mitchell Kapner. The film stars James Franco, Michelle Williams, Rachel Weisz and Mila Kunis, with Zach Braff, Bill Cobbs, Joey King, and Tony Cox in supporting roles. Based on L. Frank Baum's Oz novels and set 20 years before the events of the original novel, Oz the Great and Powerful is a spiritual prequel to the 1939 Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer film, The Wizard of Oz. The film tells the story of Oscar Diggs, a deceptive magician who arrives in the Land of Oz and encounters three witches: Theodora, Evanora, and Glinda. Oscar is then enlisted to restore order in Oz, while struggling to resolve conflicts with the witches and himself.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Meg made her first appearance on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in Yug Ylimaf and Back to the Pilot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Friends with Benefits (film)", "paragraph_text": "Friends with Benefits is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Will Gluck, and starring Justin Timberlake and Mila Kunis in the lead roles. The film features Patricia Clarkson, Jenna Elfman, Bryan Greenberg, Nolan Gould, Richard Jenkins, and Woody Harrelson in supporting roles. The plot revolves around Dylan Harper (Timberlake) and Jamie Rellis (Kunis), who meet in New York City, and naively believe adding sex to their friendship will not lead to complications. Over time, they begin to develop deep mutual feelings for each other, only to deny it each time they are together.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "On Our Selection (1912 play)", "paragraph_text": "On Our Selection is a 1912 Australian play by Bert Bailey and Edmund Duggan based on the stories of Steele Rudd. Bailey played Dad Rudd in the original production.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "American Psycho 2", "paragraph_text": "American Psycho 2 (also known as American Psycho II: All American Girl) is a 2002 American black comedy horror film and a stand-alone sequel to Mary Harron's 2000 film adaptation of \"American Psycho\". It is directed by Morgan J. Freeman and stars Mila Kunis as Rachael Newman, a driven criminology student who is drawn to murder. The film also features William Shatner as her professor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Bad Moms", "paragraph_text": "Amy Mitchell (Mila Kunis) is a married woman in the Chicago suburbs with two children, Jane (Oona Laurence) and Dylan (Emjay Anthony), who feels overworked and overcommitted. She works as a sales rep for a ``hip ''coffee company, prepares healthful, hand - packed lunches for her children, does most of their homework, goes to all of their extracurricular activities, and is active in her school's PTA, run by the domineering Gwendolyn James (Christina Applegate) and her cronies, Stacy (Jada Pinkett Smith) and Vicky (Annie Mumolo). When she catches her husband Mike (David Walton) cheating on her with a camgirl, Amy kicks him out and attempts to keep everything together.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "The Spy Who Dumped Me", "paragraph_text": "The Spy Who Dumped Me is a 2018 American action comedy film directed by Susanna Fogel and co-written by Fogel and David Iserson. The film stars Mila Kunis, Kate McKinnon, Justin Theroux, Sam Heughan, Hasan Minhaj and Gillian Anderson and follows two best friends who are chased through Europe by assassins after one of their ex-boyfriends turns out to be a CIA agent. The film was released in the United States on August 3, 2018, by Lionsgate. It has grossed over $72 million and received mixed reviews from critics, who questioned the film's intended genre and tone but praised the performances.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did the original voice of the character that Mila Kunis plays in Family Guy?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 50936, "question": "who does mila kunis play in american dad", "answer": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 90973, "question": "who did the original voice of #1", "answer": "Lacey Chabert", "paragraph_support_idx": 11}], "answer": "Lacey Chabert", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2260}
{"id": "2hop__599396_19320", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years, according to Forbes magazine. In the same year, the city ranked second on the annual Fortune 500 list of company headquarters, first for Forbes magazine's Best Cities for College Graduates, and first on their list of Best Cities to Buy a Home. In 2010, the city was rated the best city for shopping, according to Forbes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sierra Kay", "paragraph_text": "Title Year Album ``If It Means a Lot to You ''(A Day to Remember featuring Sierra Kusterbeck) 2009 Homesick`` Contagious'' (Anarbor featuring Sierra Kusterbeck) 2011 The Mixtape ``West Coast ''(Brown & Gammon featuring Sierra Kusterbeck) 2013 Non-album single`` (No) Faith in Fate'' (I the Mighty featuring Sierra Kay) 2015 Connector", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Vice-President of Sierra Leone", "paragraph_text": "The vice president of Sierra Leone is the second most influential position in the government of Sierra Leone, after the president. The current Vice President of Sierra Leone is Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh, a member of the ruling Sierra Leone People's Party, and he was sworn in as vice president on April 4, 2018, after the victory of him and his presidential running mate running mate in the 2018 Sierra Leone presidential election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sierra Arana", "paragraph_text": "The Sierra Arana or Sierra de Arana, also known as Sierra Harana, is a mountain range in the center of the province of Granada, southern Spain. Its highest peak is the Pe\u00f1a de la Cruz, at .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Wusum Stars", "paragraph_text": "The Wusum Stars of Bombali commonly referred to as simply Wusum Stars, is a Sierra Leonean professional football club based in Makeni, Sierra Leone. They are member of Sierra Leone National Premier League, the top football league in Sierra Leone. The club represent the Bombali District. Their home matches are played at Wusum Stadium in Makeni. Wusum Stars won the Sierra Leone FA Cup in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Juan Jos\u00e9 Barros", "paragraph_text": "Juan Jos\u00e9 Barros Araujo (born 24 June 1989 in Barranquilla, Colombia) is a Peruvian footballer. He currently plays for Uni\u00f3n Comercio in the Torneo Descentralizado.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Face/Off", "paragraph_text": "Face / Off was released in North America on June 27, 1997 and earned $23,387,530 on its opening weekend, ranking number one in the domestic box office. It went on to become the 11th highest domestic and 14th worldwide grossing film of 1997, earning a domestic total of $112,276,146 and $133,400,000 overseas for a total of worldwide gross of $245,676,146. It was a box office hit. It also became Woo's highest - grossing American film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jos\u00e9 Abello Silva", "paragraph_text": "Jos\u00e9 Rafael Abello Silva (alias: \"Mono Abello\") was a top-ranking member of Colombia's notorious Medell\u00edn Cartel. He was considered among the major drug traffickers in the Santa Marta region and the reputed chief of Caribbean coast operations on the cartel's behalf. During January 1987, Abello was included in a group of 128 major narcotics figures whose capture was ordered by President Virgilio Barco. Although he was captured in Barranquilla during that same month, he was released shortly thereafter, apparently with the help of Miguel Pinedo Barros, a senator in La Guajira and reputed protector of cocaine traffickers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Javier Castilla", "paragraph_text": "Javier Castilla Conde (born April 18, 1981, in Bogot\u00e1) is a professional male squash player who represented Colombia. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 186 in March 2007 after having joined the Professional Squash Association (PSA) in 2006.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Javier Barros Sierra", "paragraph_text": "Javier Barros Sierra (1915-1971) was a Mexican engineer and Rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico during the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Electrochemical Society", "paragraph_text": "The Electrochemical Society is a learned society (professional association) based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of electrochemistry and solid-state science and technology. The society membership comprises more than 8,000 scientists and engineers in over 70 countries worldwide who hold individual membership, as well as roughly 100 corporations and laboratories that hold corporate membership.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Javier Barros Sierra", "paragraph_text": "Born in Mexico city, he studied civil engineering at UNAM. He became president of the student society of the Faculty of Sciences in 1936 and University Counsellor in 1938. He taught for more than 20 years in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (a high school of UNAM) and the National School of Engineering (later Faculty of Engineering), of whom he was director from 1955 to 1958. He became Rector on May 5, 1966. During his rectorship, the government and the army entered Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM's main campus. In protest of these actions and the indiscriminate beating of UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a post he held until May 5, 1970.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "List of countries by diamond production", "paragraph_text": "Rank Country / Region Diamond production (million carats) in 2016 World 121.7 Russia 40 Botswana 20.9 Australia 13.9 DR Congo 12.3 Canada 11.1 6 Angola 9 7 South Africa 8.4 8 Zimbabwe 9 Namibia 1.5 10 Sierra Leone 0.5 - Other countries", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Lamin Massaquoi", "paragraph_text": "Henry Lamin Massaquoi (born September 19, 1978 in Bo, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean international footballer. He is a member of the Leone Stars, Sierra Leone national football team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Solana de los Barros", "paragraph_text": "Solana de los Barros is a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. It has a population of 2,657 and an area of 65.09 km\u00b2.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Mohamed Fornah", "paragraph_text": "Mohamed Fornah (born November 20, 1987 in Freetown, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean international footballer who is a defender and is currently playing for Perseta Tulungagung in the Liga Indonesia Premier Division. He is also a member of the Sierra Leone National team. He was a member of the Sierra Under-17 squad that participated at the 2005 Mediterranean Cup in Turkey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Luiz Mott", "paragraph_text": "Luiz Roberto de Barros Mott or Luiz Mott (6 May 1946 in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil), is a researcher and an anthropologist, a historian and one of the most notable gay civil rights activists in Brazil.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Magbass", "paragraph_text": "Magbass Is a farming town in Tonkolili District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Magbass is located about 55 miles from Freetown. The town is home to the Magbass Sugar Complex, one of the largest sugar producing plantation in West Africa . The factory provides employment for a number of people within Tonkolili District and across Sierra Leone .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "A Viuvinha (film)", "paragraph_text": "A Viuvinha is a 1914 Brazilian silent romantic drama film directed by Luiz de Barros and starring Linda Bianchi and Gita de Barros.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What worldwide ranking does Javier Barros Sierra's employer hold?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 599396, "question": "Javier Barros Sierra >> employer", "answer": "UNAM", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 19320, "question": "What worldwide ranking does #1 hold?", "answer": "74th", "paragraph_support_idx": 1}], "answer": "74th", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1606}
{"id": "2hop__365236_19320", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Harvard University", "paragraph_text": "Harvard has been highly ranked by many university rankings. In particular, it has consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) since 2003, and the THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published. When the QS and Times were published in partnership as the THE-QS World University Rankings during 2004-2009, Harvard had also been regarded the first in every year. The University's undergraduate program has been continuously among the top two in the U.S. News & World Report. In 2014, Harvard topped the University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP). It was ranked 8th on the 2013-2014 PayScale College Salary Report and 14th on the 2013 PayScale College Education Value Rankings. From a poll done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is the second most commonly named \"dream college\", both for students and parents in 2013, and was the first nominated by parents in 2009. In 2011, the Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities ranked Harvard 1st university in the world in terms of number of alumni holding CEO position in Fortune Global 500 companies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Carlo Carfagna", "paragraph_text": "Carlo Carfagna (born in Guarcino, Italy, 1940) is an Italian classical guitarist, author of many musical publications.His musical education takes place at the Conservatory of Rome and Naples, under the guidance of Mario Gangi, which subsequently will be teaching colleague for many years at Santa Cecilia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Super Mario Party", "paragraph_text": "Super Mario Party features online multiplayer for the first time in the Mario Party series. While Party Mode's board games are restricted to offline play, players are able to play the game's 80 minigames with other players either locally or online independent of the board games in the game's ``Online Mariothon ''mode. In the Online Mariothon mode, players compete in five randomly - selected minigames aiming to get the highest score. It also features leader boards and a ranking system, as well as rewards that the players can receive for playing the mode.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Enrique del Moral", "paragraph_text": "Del Moral modernized curricula during his time as director of the Faculty of Architecture (UNAM) (1944\u20131949), incorporating philosophies acquired from like-minded architects such as Mies van der Rohe at the Illinois Institute of Technology as well as Mexican philosophy on esthetic espoused by Dr. Jose Gaos in the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature (UNAM). He dedicated a large amount of his academic life to lecturing both domestically and abroad, and published books and essays on the evolution of architectural styles. He theorized about functionalism in Mexico and debated controversial issues of his time, such as the integration of plastic arts into architecture, and promoted the conservation of cities, approaching architecture in a way that could find balance between traditional and modern styles.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Electrochemical Society", "paragraph_text": "The Electrochemical Society is a learned society (professional association) based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of electrochemistry and solid-state science and technology. The society membership comprises more than 8,000 scientists and engineers in over 70 countries worldwide who hold individual membership, as well as roughly 100 corporations and laboratories that hold corporate membership.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "Education in Israel is highly valued in the national culture with its historical values dating back to Ancient Israel and was viewed as one fundamental blocks of ancient Israelite life. Israeli culture views higher education as the key to higher mobility and socioeconomic status in Israeli society. The emphasis of education within Israeli society goes to the gulf within the Jewish diaspora from the Renaissance and Enlightenment Movement all the way to the roots of Zionism in the 1880s. Jewish communities in the Levant were the first to introduce compulsory education for which the organized community, not less than the parents, was responsible for the education of the next generation of Jews. With contemporary Jewish culture's strong emphasis, promotion of scholarship and learning and the strong propensity to promote cultivation of intellectual pursuits as well as the nations high university educational attainment rate exemplifies how highly Israeli society values higher education. The Israeli education system has been praised for various reasons, including its high quality and its major role in spurring Israel's economic development and technological boom. Many international business leaders and organizations such as Microsoft founder Bill Gates have praised Israel for its high quality of education in helping spur Israel's economic development. In 2012, the country ranked second among OECD countries (tied with Japan and after Canada) for the percentage of 25- to 64-year-olds that have attained tertiary education with 46 percent compared with the OECD average of 32 percent. In addition, nearly twice as many Israelis aged 55\u201364 held a higher education degree compared to other OECD countries, with 47 percent holding an academic degree compared with the OECD average of 25%. In 2012, the country ranked third in the world in the number of academic degrees per capita (20 percent of the population).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lasallian educational institutions", "paragraph_text": "The De La Salle Brothers, say that, with the assistance of more than 73,000 lay colleagues, they teach over 900,000 students as they provide Christian value education worldwide to 1,500 Lasallian educational institutions and is globally established in 82 countries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Panieli Poru waterfalls", "paragraph_text": "Panieli Poru is a tourist spot in the Ernakulam region of Kerala, India caused by a natural bottleneck in the flow of the Periyar River due to rock formations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Six Flags Magic Mountain", "paragraph_text": "With 19 roller coasters, Six Flags Magic Mountain holds the world record for most roller coasters in an amusement park. In 2015, the park had an estimated 3.3 million visitors ranking it seventeenth in attendance in North America.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "New Super Mario Bros. Wii", "paragraph_text": "New Super Mario Bros. Wii is a 2009 side - scrolling platform video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Wii. A sequel to New Super Mario Bros., the game was released worldwide in November 2009, and in Japan the following month. A high - definition remastered port for the Nvidia Shield TV was released exclusively in China in December 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "List of UEFA Champions League hat-tricks", "paragraph_text": "Rank Player Hat - tricks Lionel Messi 8 Cristiano Ronaldo 7 Mario G\u00f3mez Luiz Adriano Filippo Inzaghi 6 Adriano Robert Lewandowski Sergio Ag\u00fcero Neymar Karim Benzema Andy Cole Didier Drogba Samuel Eto'o Roy Makaay Michael Owen Marco Simone Andriy Shevchenko Roberto Soldado Ruud van Nistelrooy", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Face/Off", "paragraph_text": "Face / Off was released in North America on June 27, 1997 and earned $23,387,530 on its opening weekend, ranking number one in the domestic box office. It went on to become the 11th highest domestic and 14th worldwide grossing film of 1997, earning a domestic total of $112,276,146 and $133,400,000 overseas for a total of worldwide gross of $245,676,146. It was a box office hit. It also became Woo's highest - grossing American film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Mario Kart", "paragraph_text": "There have been six Mario Kart games released for home consoles, three portable games, and four Namco co-developed arcade games, for a total of thirteen. The latest title in the main series, Mario Kart 8 Deluxe, was released on Nintendo Switch in April 2017. The series has sold over 100 million copies worldwide to date.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "R\u00f3zsa Hoffmann", "paragraph_text": "Dr. R\u00f3zsa Hoffmann (born 22 January 1948) is a Hungarian politician and educator, Secretary of State for Education of the Ministry of National Resources from 2 June 2010 to 27 February 2013. She was appointed Secretary of State for Public Education on 28 February 2013, holding the office until June 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Frank Aaen", "paragraph_text": "Frank Aaen is an educated economist and holds a master's degree in economics from Aalborg University which he received in 1985.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Torre Insignia", "paragraph_text": "Torre Insignia (also called Torre Banobras and the Nonoalco Tlatelolco Tower) is a building designed by Mario Pani Darqui which is located on the corner of Avenida Ricardo Flores Magnon and Avenida de los Insurgentes Norte, in the Tlateloco housing complex in Cuauht\u00e9moc in Mexico City. At its completion in 1962, the tower became the second tallest building in Mexico after the Torre Latinoamericana. The tower is not currently in use and is being renovated. It is the tallest building in the Tlatelolco area and the third highest in the Avenida Insurgentes. The building housed the headquarters of Banobras. The building has a pyramid shape and was built with a reinforced concrete frame. It has been remodeled at least twice and is one of the most important buildings in the city, besides having the tallest carillon in the world; there are 47 bells made by Petit & Fritsen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Nora Armani", "paragraph_text": "Nora Armani () was born in Giza, Egypt of Armenian parents, educated and trained in England and as an actor has appeared on stage and screen worldwide performing in different languages. She has also directed a number of plays, a feature film and short film. She holds an M.Sc. degree from the University of London (London School of Economics) and a BA from the American University in Cairo. She has continued her training at UCLA Extension  and RADA in acting and directing, in addition to a number of noteworthy workshops such as Ariane Mnouchkine\u2019s worldwide acclaimed Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Soleil  (Paris) and Simon MacBurney\u2019s equally well known physical theatre Complicity Theatre  (London).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Mario Superstar Baseball", "paragraph_text": "Mario Superstar Baseball, known in Japan as is a sports game that was developed by Namco and Now Production and published by Nintendo for the GameCube in 2005. The game was created in the vein of other \"Mario\" sports games such as \"\" and \"Mario Power Tennis\". This game is now a Player's Choice title. A sequel, \"Mario Super Sluggers\", was released for the Wii in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Avicenna", "paragraph_text": "In March 2008, it was announced that Avicenna's name would be used for new Directories of education institutions for health care professionals, worldwide. The Avicenna Directories will list universities and schools where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated. The project team stated \"Why Avicenna? Avicenna ... was ... noted for his synthesis of knowledge from both east and west. He has had a lasting influence on the development of medicine and health sciences. The use of Avicenna's name symbolises the worldwide partnership that is needed for the promotion of health services of high quality.\"", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What worldwide ranking is held by Mario Pani's alma mater?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 365236, "question": "Mario Pani >> educated at", "answer": "UNAM", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 19320, "question": "What worldwide ranking does #1 hold?", "answer": "74th", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}], "answer": "74th", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2252}
{"id": "2hop__685045_19320", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Manuel Bl\u00e1zquez", "paragraph_text": "Manuel Jos\u00e9 Bl\u00e1zquez L\u00f3pez (born March 22, 1989 in Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain), commonly known as Manolo Bl\u00e1zquez, is a Spanish basketball player who is best known for his time at the CB Lucentum Alicante of the Asociaci\u00f3n de Clubs de Baloncesto (ACB).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Zorrita Martinez", "paragraph_text": "Zorrita Martinez (Spanish:Zorrita Mart\u00ednez) is a 1975 Spanish comedy drama film directed by Vicente Escriv\u00e1 and starring Jos\u00e9 Luis L\u00f3pez V\u00e1zquez, Nadiuska and Manuel Zarzo. A Venazeulan performer living in Spain, gets married so she can get a permit to stay in the country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Avicenna", "paragraph_text": "In March 2008, it was announced that Avicenna's name would be used for new Directories of education institutions for health care professionals, worldwide. The Avicenna Directories will list universities and schools where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated. The project team stated \"Why Avicenna? Avicenna ... was ... noted for his synthesis of knowledge from both east and west. He has had a lasting influence on the development of medicine and health sciences. The use of Avicenna's name symbolises the worldwide partnership that is needed for the promotion of health services of high quality.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "R\u00f3zsa Hoffmann", "paragraph_text": "Dr. R\u00f3zsa Hoffmann (born 22 January 1948) is a Hungarian politician and educator, Secretary of State for Education of the Ministry of National Resources from 2 June 2010 to 27 February 2013. She was appointed Secretary of State for Public Education on 28 February 2013, holding the office until June 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Frank Aaen", "paragraph_text": "Frank Aaen is an educated economist and holds a master's degree in economics from Aalborg University which he received in 1985.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Manuel Rodriguez Lopez", "paragraph_text": "Manuel Oreste Rodr\u00edguez L\u00f3pez (11 December 1934 in Paradela, Lugo, Spain \u2013 13 February 1990 Lugo) was a Galician poet and writer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "Education in Israel is highly valued in the national culture with its historical values dating back to Ancient Israel and was viewed as one fundamental blocks of ancient Israelite life. Israeli culture views higher education as the key to higher mobility and socioeconomic status in Israeli society. The emphasis of education within Israeli society goes to the gulf within the Jewish diaspora from the Renaissance and Enlightenment Movement all the way to the roots of Zionism in the 1880s. Jewish communities in the Levant were the first to introduce compulsory education for which the organized community, not less than the parents, was responsible for the education of the next generation of Jews. With contemporary Jewish culture's strong emphasis, promotion of scholarship and learning and the strong propensity to promote cultivation of intellectual pursuits as well as the nations high university educational attainment rate exemplifies how highly Israeli society values higher education. The Israeli education system has been praised for various reasons, including its high quality and its major role in spurring Israel's economic development and technological boom. Many international business leaders and organizations such as Microsoft founder Bill Gates have praised Israel for its high quality of education in helping spur Israel's economic development. In 2012, the country ranked second among OECD countries (tied with Japan and after Canada) for the percentage of 25- to 64-year-olds that have attained tertiary education with 46 percent compared with the OECD average of 32 percent. In addition, nearly twice as many Israelis aged 55\u201364 held a higher education degree compared to other OECD countries, with 47 percent holding an academic degree compared with the OECD average of 25%. In 2012, the country ranked third in the world in the number of academic degrees per capita (20 percent of the population).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Agua Blanca, Ecuador", "paragraph_text": "Agua Blanca is a commune in Machalilla Parish, Puerto L\u00f3pez Canton, Manab\u00ed Province, Ecuador. It is east of the city of Puerto L\u00f3pez.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "N\u00e9stor Ch\u00e1vez", "paragraph_text": "N\u00e9stor Isa\u00edas Ch\u00e1vez Silva was a Major League Baseball right-handed starting pitcher who played for the San Francisco Giants (1967).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Face/Off", "paragraph_text": "Face / Off was released in North America on June 27, 1997 and earned $23,387,530 on its opening weekend, ranking number one in the domestic box office. It went on to become the 11th highest domestic and 14th worldwide grossing film of 1997, earning a domestic total of $112,276,146 and $133,400,000 overseas for a total of worldwide gross of $245,676,146. It was a box office hit. It also became Woo's highest - grossing American film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Harvard University", "paragraph_text": "Harvard has been highly ranked by many university rankings. In particular, it has consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) since 2003, and the THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published. When the QS and Times were published in partnership as the THE-QS World University Rankings during 2004-2009, Harvard had also been regarded the first in every year. The University's undergraduate program has been continuously among the top two in the U.S. News & World Report. In 2014, Harvard topped the University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP). It was ranked 8th on the 2013-2014 PayScale College Salary Report and 14th on the 2013 PayScale College Education Value Rankings. From a poll done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is the second most commonly named \"dream college\", both for students and parents in 2013, and was the first nominated by parents in 2009. In 2011, the Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities ranked Harvard 1st university in the world in terms of number of alumni holding CEO position in Fortune Global 500 companies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Manuel Buising", "paragraph_text": "Manuel Buising was born in Manila, Philippines on the May 4, 1951. He is a multi-awarded playwright, fictionist and \"komiks\" writer. He studied at the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila and graduated with a degree in Bachelor of Science in Education, Major in Filipino in 1972.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Fernando Lopez", "paragraph_text": "Fernando Hofile\u00f1a L\u00f3pez Sr. (April 13, 1904May 26, 1993) was a Filipino statesman. A member of the influential L\u00f3pez family of Iloilo, L\u00f3pez served as Vice President of the Philippines for three terms \u2013 under Elpidio Quirino (1949\u20131953) for the Liberals and Ferdinand Marcos (1965\u20131969 and 1969\u20131972) for the Nacionalistas. He was also the chairman of ABS-CBN Corporation from 1986 to his death in 1993.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Manuel Isa\u00edas L\u00f3pez", "paragraph_text": "In the last quarter of the twentieth century, Manuel Isa\u00edas L\u00f3pez was considered the most influential psychiatrist in Mexico. In the early eighties, he was simultaneously President of the Mexican Psychoanalytic Association; Secretary General of the Mexican Board of Psychiatry; Director of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at UNAM; and Main Consultant to the System for the Integral Development of the Family (DIF), a nationwide government funded system of child and family guidance centers. His later contributions were in Bioethics, and he evolved into a researcher within this field and an International Psychoanalytic Association officer.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Lasallian educational institutions", "paragraph_text": "The De La Salle Brothers, say that, with the assistance of more than 73,000 lay colleagues, they teach over 900,000 students as they provide Christian value education worldwide to 1,500 Lasallian educational institutions and is globally established in 82 countries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Gavin Williamson (harpsichordist)", "paragraph_text": "Gavin Williamson (Winnipeg, 1897 - Chicago, 1989) was an American pianist, harpsichordist, organist and music educator. With pianist Philip Manuel, he formed a duo in 1922 that helped promote the professional use of harpsichords in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Nora Armani", "paragraph_text": "Nora Armani () was born in Giza, Egypt of Armenian parents, educated and trained in England and as an actor has appeared on stage and screen worldwide performing in different languages. She has also directed a number of plays, a feature film and short film. She holds an M.Sc. degree from the University of London (London School of Economics) and a BA from the American University in Cairo. She has continued her training at UCLA Extension  and RADA in acting and directing, in addition to a number of noteworthy workshops such as Ariane Mnouchkine\u2019s worldwide acclaimed Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Soleil  (Paris) and Simon MacBurney\u2019s equally well known physical theatre Complicity Theatre  (London).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Electrochemical Society", "paragraph_text": "The Electrochemical Society is a learned society (professional association) based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of electrochemistry and solid-state science and technology. The society membership comprises more than 8,000 scientists and engineers in over 70 countries worldwide who hold individual membership, as well as roughly 100 corporations and laboratories that hold corporate membership.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Vicente Manansala", "paragraph_text": "Vicente Manansala, a National Artist of the Philippines in Visual Arts, was a direct influence to his fellow Filipino neo-realists: Malang, Angelito Antonio, Norma Belleza and Manuel Baldemor. The Honolulu Museum of Art, the Lopez Memorial Museum (Manila), the Philippine Center (New York City), the Singapore Art Museum and Holy Angel University (Angeles City, Philippines) are among the public collections holding work by Vicente Manansala. Holy Angel University recently opened a section of its museum called The Vicente Manansala Collection, holding most of the estate left by the artist.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What worldwide ranking does the university where Manuel Isa\u00edas L\u00f3pez was educated hold?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 685045, "question": "Manuel Isa\u00edas L\u00f3pez >> educated at", "answer": "UNAM", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 19320, "question": "What worldwide ranking does #1 hold?", "answer": "74th", "paragraph_support_idx": 15}], "answer": "74th", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2086}
{"id": "2hop__30384_30351", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of \"neoliberalism\". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, \"Hayek's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals.\" Brittan adds that although Raymond Plant (2009) comes out in the end against Hayek's doctrines, Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a \"more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In 1984, he was appointed as a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the advice of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his \"services to the study of economics\". Hayek had hoped to receive a baronetcy, and after he was awarded the CH he sent a letter to his friends requesting that he be called the English version of Friedrich (Frederick) from now on. After his 20 min audience with the Queen, he was \"absolutely besotted\" with her according to his daughter-in-law, Esca Hayek. Hayek said a year later that he was \"amazed by her. That ease and skill, as if she'd known me all my life.\" The audience with the Queen was followed by a dinner with family and friends at the Institute of Economic Affairs. When, later that evening, Hayek was dropped off at the Reform Club, he commented: \"I've just had the happiest day of my life.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Grown Ups (film)", "paragraph_text": "Salma Hayek as Roxanne Feder Jake Goldberg as Greg Feder Cameron Boyce as Keith Feder Alexys Nicole Sanchez as Becky Feder", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Hayek is widely recognised for having introduced the time dimension to the equilibrium construction and for his key role in helping inspire the fields of growth theory, information economics, and the theory of spontaneous order. The \"informal\" economics presented in Milton Friedman's massively influential popular work Free to Choose (1980), is explicitly Hayekian in its account of the price system as a system for transmitting and co-ordinating knowledge. This can be explained by the fact that Friedman taught Hayek's famous paper \"The Use of Knowledge in Society\" (1945) in his graduate seminars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In 1932, Hayek suggested that private investment in the public markets was a better road to wealth and economic co-ordination in Britain than government spending programs, as argued in a letter he co-signed with Lionel Robbins and others in an exchange of letters with John Maynard Keynes in The Times. The nearly decade long deflationary depression in Britain dating from Churchill's decision in 1925 to return Britain to the gold standard at the old pre-war, pre-inflationary par was the public policy backdrop for Hayek's single public engagement with Keynes over British monetary and fiscal policy, otherwise Hayek and Keynes agreed on many theoretical matters, and their economic disagreements were fundamentally theoretical, having to do almost exclusively with the relation of the economics of extending the length of production to the economics of labour inputs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Hayek's greatest intellectual debt was to Carl Menger, who pioneered an approach to social explanation similar to that developed in Britain by Bernard Mandeville and the Scottish moral philosophers in the Scottish Enlightenment. He had a wide-reaching influence on contemporary economics, politics, philosophy, sociology, psychology and anthropology. For example, Hayek's discussion in The Road to Serfdom (1944) about truth, falsehood and the use of language influenced some later opponents of postmodernism.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927\u20131931 (and the 1931\u20132007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and B\u00f6hm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated \"some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy.\" As referenced in the section on \"The economic calculation problem,\" Hayek wrote that \"there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance.\" Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes \"[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.\" Bernard Harcourt says that \"Hayek was adamant about this.\" In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Karl Popper", "paragraph_text": "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, \"I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.\" Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, \"...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "From 1962 until his retirement in 1968, he was a professor at the University of Freiburg, West Germany, where he began work on his next book, Law, Legislation and Liberty. Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as \"very fruitful\". Following his retirement, Hayek spent a year as a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he continued work on Law, Legislation and Liberty, teaching a graduate seminar by the same name and another on the philosophy of social science. Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In 1978, Hayek came into conflict with the Liberal Party leader, David Steel, who claimed that liberty was possible only with \"social justice and an equitable distribution of wealth and power, which in turn require a degree of active government intervention\" and that the Conservative Party were more concerned with the connection between liberty and private enterprise than between liberty and democracy. Hayek claimed that a limited democracy might be better than other forms of limited government at protecting liberty but that an unlimited democracy was worse than other forms of unlimited government because \"its government loses the power even to do what it thinks right if any group on which its majority depends thinks otherwise\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In 1929, Lionel Robbins assumed the helm of the London School of Economics (LSE). Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world (centred at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931. According to Nicholas Kaldor, Hayek's theory of the time-structure of capital and of the business cycle initially \"fascinated the academic world\" and appeared to offer a less \"facile and superficial\" understanding of macroeconomics than the Cambridge school's.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In February 1975, Margaret Thatcher was elected leader of the British Conservative Party. The Institute of Economic Affairs arranged a meeting between Hayek and Thatcher in London soon after. During Thatcher's only visit to the Conservative Research Department in the summer of 1975, a speaker had prepared a paper on why the \"middle way\" was the pragmatic path the Conservative Party should take, avoiding the extremes of left and right. Before he had finished, Thatcher \"reached into her briefcase and took out a book. It was Hayek's The Constitution of Liberty. Interrupting our pragmatist, she held the book up for all of us to see. 'This', she said sternly, 'is what we believe', and banged Hayek down on the table\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology (1952), Hayek independently developed a \"Hebbian learning\" model of learning and memory \u2013 an idea which he first conceived in 1920, prior to his study of economics. Hayek's expansion of the \"Hebbian synapse\" construction into a global brain theory has received continued attention in neuroscience, cognitive science, computer science, behavioural science, and evolutionary psychology, by scientists such as Gerald Edelman, and Joaquin Fuster.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Ventanarosa", "paragraph_text": "Ventanarosa is a production company formally founded by Salma Hayek in 1999. Its Spanish language translation literally means \"rose-colored window\" or \"pink window.\"", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did Hay work for after being hired by his other notable influence regarding resource distribution other than Max Weber?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 30384, "question": "Other than Max Weber, who was a notable influence to Hayek's statements regarding resource distribution?", "answer": "Ludwig von Mises", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}, {"id": 30351, "question": "For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by #1 ?", "answer": "the Austrian government", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "the Austrian government", "answer_aliases": ["Austria", "AT", "at"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2684}
{"id": "2hop__555792_30351", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Karl Popper", "paragraph_text": "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, \"I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.\" Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, \"...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Nicholas Eftimiades", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Eftimiades is an American government official, author, and educator best known for his work \"Chinese Intelligence Operations\" (1994). He currently resides in the Tokyo area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated. The North Carolina Symphony, founded the same year, performed in its new home. From 1934 to 1937, the federal Civilian Conservation Corps constructed the area now known as William B. Umstead State Park. In 1939, the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, with the first flight occurring in 1943.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In 1978, Hayek came into conflict with the Liberal Party leader, David Steel, who claimed that liberty was possible only with \"social justice and an equitable distribution of wealth and power, which in turn require a degree of active government intervention\" and that the Conservative Party were more concerned with the connection between liberty and private enterprise than between liberty and democracy. Hayek claimed that a limited democracy might be better than other forms of limited government at protecting liberty but that an unlimited democracy was worse than other forms of unlimited government because \"its government loses the power even to do what it thinks right if any group on which its majority depends thinks otherwise\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Chris Metzen", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Vincent Metzen (born November 22, 1973) is an American game designer, artist, voice actor, and author known for his work creating the fictional universes and scripts for Blizzard Entertainment's three major award-winning media franchises: \"Warcraft\", \"Diablo\" and \"StarCraft\". On occasion, Metzen has published his art under the alias \"Thundergod.\" Metzen was hired by Blizzard Entertainment as an animator and an artist; his first work for the company was with the video game \"Justice League Task Force\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of \"neoliberalism\". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, \"Hayek's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals.\" Brittan adds that although Raymond Plant (2009) comes out in the end against Hayek's doctrines, Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a \"more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927\u20131931 (and the 1931\u20132007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and B\u00f6hm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "From 1962 until his retirement in 1968, he was a professor at the University of Freiburg, West Germany, where he began work on his next book, Law, Legislation and Liberty. Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as \"very fruitful\". Following his retirement, Hayek spent a year as a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he continued work on Law, Legislation and Liberty, teaching a graduate seminar by the same name and another on the philosophy of social science. Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Form I-9", "paragraph_text": "Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In 1929, Lionel Robbins assumed the helm of the London School of Economics (LSE). Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world (centred at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931. According to Nicholas Kaldor, Hayek's theory of the time-structure of capital and of the business cycle initially \"fascinated the academic world\" and appeared to offer a less \"facile and superficial\" understanding of macroeconomics than the Cambridge school's.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Jean de La Hire", "paragraph_text": "Jean de La Hire (pseudonym of the Comte Adolphe d'Espie) was a prolific French author of numerous popular adventure, science fiction and romance novels.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Omnipotent Government", "paragraph_text": "Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in Libertarian social thought and critique of statist ideology and socialism, examining the rise of Nazism as an example. The book treats Nazism as a species of orthodox socialist theory. At the same time the book offers a critique of economic interventionism, industrial central planning, the welfare state and world government, denouncing the trends of the Western Allies towards the total state. The book was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2004.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Affirmative action in the United States", "paragraph_text": "FDR's New Deal programs often contained equal opportunity clauses stating \"no discrimination shall be made on account of race, color or creed\",:11 but the true forerunner to affirmative action was the Interior Secretary of the time, Harold L. Ickes. Ickes prohibited discrimination in hiring for Public Works Administration funded projects and oversaw not only the institution of a quota system, where contractors were required to employ a fixed percentage of Black workers, by Robert C. Weaver and Clark Foreman,:12 but also the equal pay of women proposed by Harry Hopkins.:14FDR's largest contribution to affirmative action, however, lay in his Executive Order 8802 which prohibited discrimination in the defense industry or government.:22 The executive order promoted the idea that if taxpayer funds were accepted through a government contract, then all taxpayers should have an equal opportunity to work through the contractor.:23\u20134 To enforce this idea, Roosevelt created the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) with the power to investigate hiring practices by government contractors.:22", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his \"Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes\" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced \"forced savings\" on the capital sector and about the definition of a \"natural\" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced \"a remarkable crop of critics\" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate \"could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated \"some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy.\" As referenced in the section on \"The economic calculation problem,\" Hayek wrote that \"there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance.\" Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes \"[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.\" Bernard Harcourt says that \"Hayek was adamant about this.\" In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen B\u00f6hm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Von Juraschek was a statistician and was later employed by the Austrian government. Friedrich's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did Hayek work for upon being hired by the author of Omnipotent Government?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 555792, "question": "Omnipotent Government >> author", "answer": "Ludwig von Mises", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 30351, "question": "For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by #1 ?", "answer": "the Austrian government", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "the Austrian government", "answer_aliases": ["Austria", "AT", "at", "AUT"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2802}
{"id": "2hop__431934_30351", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "J. M. G. Le Cl\u00e9zio", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Marie Gustave Le Cl\u00e9zio (; 13 April 1940), usually identified as J. M. G. Le Cl\u00e9zio, is a French writer and professor. The author of over forty works, he was awarded the 1963 Prix Renaudot for his novel \"Le Proc\u00e8s-Verbal\" and the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature for his life's work, as an \"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his \"Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes\" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced \"forced savings\" on the capital sector and about the definition of a \"natural\" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced \"a remarkable crop of critics\" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate \"could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "C. E. T. Warren", "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant Charles Esme Thornton Warren MBE (1912-1988) was a bestselling British author, a Second World War Royal Navy submariner, and one of the first Allied 'human torpedo charioteers', practising methods of clandestine attack upon enemy harbours and ships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Karl Popper", "paragraph_text": "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, \"I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.\" Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, \"...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927\u20131931 (and the 1931\u20132007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and B\u00f6hm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Form I-9", "paragraph_text": "Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jean de La Hire", "paragraph_text": "Jean de La Hire (pseudonym of the Comte Adolphe d'Espie) was a prolific French author of numerous popular adventure, science fiction and romance novels.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kim Vicente", "paragraph_text": "Kim Vicente is an inactive professor of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Toronto. He was previously a researcher, teacher, and author in the field of human factors. He is best known for his two books: \"\" and \"Cognitive Work Analysis\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Hayek is widely recognised for having introduced the time dimension to the equilibrium construction and for his key role in helping inspire the fields of growth theory, information economics, and the theory of spontaneous order. The \"informal\" economics presented in Milton Friedman's massively influential popular work Free to Choose (1980), is explicitly Hayekian in its account of the price system as a system for transmitting and co-ordinating knowledge. This can be explained by the fact that Friedman taught Hayek's famous paper \"The Use of Knowledge in Society\" (1945) in his graduate seminars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Human Action", "paragraph_text": "Human Action: A Treatise on Economics is a work by the Austrian economist and philosopher Ludwig von Mises. Widely considered Mises' \"magnum opus\", it presents the case for laissez-faire capitalism based on praxeology, or rational investigation of human decision-making. It rejects positivism within economics. It defends an \"a priori\" epistemology and underpins praxeology with a foundation of methodological individualism and speculative laws of apodictic certainty. Mises argues that the free-market economy not only outdistances any government-planned system, but ultimately serves as the foundation of civilization itself.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Love and Action in Chicago", "paragraph_text": "Love And Action In Chicago is a 1999 American action romantic comedy starring Courtney B. Vance, Regina King and Kathleen Turner. The film, written and directed by Dwayne Johnson-Cochran, in his directorial debut, focuses on a celibate hired assassin finding love with a quirky accountant in the Windy City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "International influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of children for proper progression and growth in their younger years. These international acts encouraged major changes to the workforce in India which occurred in 1986 when the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was put into place. This act prohibited hiring children younger than the age of 14, and from working in hazardous conditions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated \"some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy.\" As referenced in the section on \"The economic calculation problem,\" Hayek wrote that \"there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance.\" Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes \"[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.\" Bernard Harcourt says that \"Hayek was adamant about this.\" In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Hayek\u2019s concept of the market as a spontaneous order has been recently applied to ecosystems to defend a broadly non-interventionist policy. Like the market, ecosystems contain complex networks of information, involve an ongoing dynamic process, contain orders within orders, and the entire system operates without being directed by a conscious mind. On this analysis, species takes the place of price as a visible element of the system formed by a complex set of largely unknowable elements. Human ignorance about the countless interactions between the organisms of an ecosystem limits our ability to manipulate nature. Since humans rely on the ecosystem to sustain themselves, we have a prima facie obligation to not disrupt such systems. This analysis of ecosystems as spontaneous orders does not rely on markets qualifying as spontaneous orders. As such, one need not endorse Hayek\u2019s analysis of markets to endorse ecosystems as spontaneous orders.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Once Upon a Time in Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Once Upon a Time in Mexico (also known as Desperado 2) is a 2003 American contemporary western action film written, directed, produced, photographed, scored, and edited by Robert Rodriguez. It is the third and final film in Rodriguez's \"Mexico Trilogy\", and it is a sequel to 1993's \"El Mariachi\" and 1995's \"Desperado\". The film features Antonio Banderas in his second and final performance as El Mariachi. In the film, El Mariachi is recruited by CIA agent Sheldon Sands (Johnny Depp) to kill Armando Barillo (Willem Dafoe), a Mexican drug lord who is planning a coup d'\u00e9tat against the President of Mexico. At the same time, El Mariachi seeks revenge against a corrupt general responsible for the death of his wife, Carolina (Salma Hayek).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Bullet for Hire", "paragraph_text": "Bullet for Hire is a 1991 Hong Kong action film written and directed by Yuen Chun-man and starring Jacky Cheung, Simon Yam, Dick Wei, Lo Lieh and Sheila Chan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Project Overkill", "paragraph_text": "Project Overkill is a shoot 'em up game for the PlayStation, developed and published by Konami in 1996. The plot of the game revolves around a group of four mercenaries hired to eliminate a group of humans called the Viscerians.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did Hayek work for after being hired by the author of Human Action?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 431934, "question": "Human Action >> author", "answer": "Ludwig von Mises", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}, {"id": 30351, "question": "For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by #1 ?", "answer": "the Austrian government", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "the Austrian government", "answer_aliases": ["Austria", "AT", "at", "AUT"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2494}
{"id": "2hop__708145_30351", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bureaucracy (book)", "paragraph_text": "Bureaucracy is a political book written by Austrian School economist and libertarian thinker Ludwig von Mises. The author's motivation in writing the book is his concern with the spread of socialist ideals and the increasing bureaucratization of economic life. While he does not deny the necessity of certain bureaucratic structures for the smooth operation of any civilized state, he disagrees with the extent to which it has come to dominate the public life of European countries and the United States. The author's purpose is to demonstrate that the negative aspects of bureaucracy are not a result of bad policies or corruption, as the public tends to think. Instead, he explains, those problems are necessarily built into bureaucratic structures. They are due to the very tasks such a system has to deal with. The main body of the book is therefore devoted to a comparison between private enterprise on the one hand and bureaucratic agencies/public enterprise on the other.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Chris Metzen", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Vincent Metzen (born November 22, 1973) is an American game designer, artist, voice actor, and author known for his work creating the fictional universes and scripts for Blizzard Entertainment's three major award-winning media franchises: \"Warcraft\", \"Diablo\" and \"StarCraft\". On occasion, Metzen has published his art under the alias \"Thundergod.\" Metzen was hired by Blizzard Entertainment as an animator and an artist; his first work for the company was with the video game \"Justice League Task Force\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Karl Popper", "paragraph_text": "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, \"I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.\" Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, \"...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927\u20131931 (and the 1931\u20132007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and B\u00f6hm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of \"neoliberalism\". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, \"Hayek's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals.\" Brittan adds that although Raymond Plant (2009) comes out in the end against Hayek's doctrines, Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a \"more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In February 1975, Margaret Thatcher was elected leader of the British Conservative Party. The Institute of Economic Affairs arranged a meeting between Hayek and Thatcher in London soon after. During Thatcher's only visit to the Conservative Research Department in the summer of 1975, a speaker had prepared a paper on why the \"middle way\" was the pragmatic path the Conservative Party should take, avoiding the extremes of left and right. Before he had finished, Thatcher \"reached into her briefcase and took out a book. It was Hayek's The Constitution of Liberty. Interrupting our pragmatist, she held the book up for all of us to see. 'This', she said sternly, 'is what we believe', and banged Hayek down on the table\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Nurse Ratched", "paragraph_text": "Nurse Ratched (also known as \"Big Nurse\") is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Ken Kesey's 1962 novel \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" as well as the 1975 film of the same name. A cold, heartless, and passive-aggressive tyrant, Nurse Ratched became the stereotype of the nurse as a battleaxe. She has also become a popular metaphor for the corrupting influence of institutional power and authority in bureaucracies such as the psychiatric treatment center in which the novel is set.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Dith Pran", "paragraph_text": "The United States Army hired him as a translator but after his ties with the United States were severed, Dith worked with a British film crew for the film Lord Jim and then as a hotel receptionist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "From 1962 until his retirement in 1968, he was a professor at the University of Freiburg, West Germany, where he began work on his next book, Law, Legislation and Liberty. Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as \"very fruitful\". Following his retirement, Hayek spent a year as a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he continued work on Law, Legislation and Liberty, teaching a graduate seminar by the same name and another on the philosophy of social science. Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Hayek is widely recognised for having introduced the time dimension to the equilibrium construction and for his key role in helping inspire the fields of growth theory, information economics, and the theory of spontaneous order. The \"informal\" economics presented in Milton Friedman's massively influential popular work Free to Choose (1980), is explicitly Hayekian in its account of the price system as a system for transmitting and co-ordinating knowledge. This can be explained by the fact that Friedman taught Hayek's famous paper \"The Use of Knowledge in Society\" (1945) in his graduate seminars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Sarah's Key", "paragraph_text": "\"Sarah's Key\" follows a journalist's present-day investigation into the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup of Jews in German-occupied Paris in 1942. It tells the story of a young girl's experiences during and after these events, illustrating the participation of the French bureaucracy as well as French citizens hiding and protecting Sarah from the French authorities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his \"Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes\" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced \"forced savings\" on the capital sector and about the definition of a \"natural\" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced \"a remarkable crop of critics\" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate \"could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Jean de La Hire", "paragraph_text": "Jean de La Hire (pseudonym of the Comte Adolphe d'Espie) was a prolific French author of numerous popular adventure, science fiction and romance novels.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated \"some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy.\" As referenced in the section on \"The economic calculation problem,\" Hayek wrote that \"there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance.\" Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes \"[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.\" Bernard Harcourt says that \"Hayek was adamant about this.\" In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In 1984, he was appointed as a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the advice of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his \"services to the study of economics\". Hayek had hoped to receive a baronetcy, and after he was awarded the CH he sent a letter to his friends requesting that he be called the English version of Friedrich (Frederick) from now on. After his 20 min audience with the Queen, he was \"absolutely besotted\" with her according to his daughter-in-law, Esca Hayek. Hayek said a year later that he was \"amazed by her. That ease and skill, as if she'd known me all my life.\" The audience with the Queen was followed by a dinner with family and friends at the Institute of Economic Affairs. When, later that evening, Hayek was dropped off at the Reform Club, he commented: \"I've just had the happiest day of my life.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "In 1929, Lionel Robbins assumed the helm of the London School of Economics (LSE). Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world (centred at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931. According to Nicholas Kaldor, Hayek's theory of the time-structure of capital and of the business cycle initially \"fascinated the academic world\" and appeared to offer a less \"facile and superficial\" understanding of macroeconomics than the Cambridge school's.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Friedrich Hayek", "paragraph_text": "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who did Hayek work for upon being hired by the author of Bureaucracy?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 708145, "question": "Bureaucracy >> author", "answer": "Ludwig von Mises", "paragraph_support_idx": 3}, {"id": 30351, "question": "For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by #1 ?", "answer": "the Austrian government", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}], "answer": "the Austrian government", "answer_aliases": ["Austria", "AT", "at", "AUT"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2795}
{"id": "2hop__837900_71701", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Plaza de Toros La Macarena", "paragraph_text": "Plaza de Toros La Macarena is a bullring in Medell\u00edn, Colombia. It is currently used for bull fighting. The stadium holds 15,000 spectators. It was opened in 1945.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Australia", "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament \u2014 unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Kiri Territory", "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Xingning Basin", "paragraph_text": "Xingning Basin, located in Xingning, China, is the largest basin in east Guangdong province. It spans 302\u00a0km. Ostracode fossils from at least a dozen species in ten genera have been found there, from both the Early and Late Cretaceous.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "New Plaza Stadium", "paragraph_text": "New Plaza Stadium (Simplified Chinese: \u4f5b\u5c71\u65b0\u5e7f\u573a\u4f53\u80b2\u573a) was a multi-use stadium in Foshan, China. It was used mostly for football matches and was one of the six stadiums used for the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup. The stadium was a capacity of 14,000 people.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gillette Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Gillette Stadium is a stadium located in Foxborough, Massachusetts, 28 miles (45 km) southwest of downtown Boston and 20 miles (32 km) northeast of downtown Providence, Rhode Island. It serves as the home stadium and administrative offices for both the NFL's New England Patriots football franchise and MLS's New England Revolution soccer team. In 2012, it also became the home stadium for the football program of the University of Massachusetts (UMass), while on - campus Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium was undergoing renovations. Gillette will continue to host higher attended home games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Joe Ah Chan", "paragraph_text": "Joe Ah Chan (\"Chan Hock Joe\") (1882\u201314 December 1959) was a New Zealand greengrocer, horticulturist and wine-maker. He was born in Guangdong Province, China on 1882.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yet controlling the \"Mandate of Heaven\" was a daunting task. The vastness of China's territory meant that there were only enough banner troops to garrison key cities forming the backbone of a defense network that relied heavily on surrendered Ming soldiers. In addition, three surrendered Ming generals were singled out for their contributions to the establishment of the Qing dynasty, ennobled as feudal princes (\u85e9\u738b), and given governorships over vast territories in Southern China. The chief of these was Wu Sangui, who was given the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, while generals Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong were given Guangdong and Fujian provinces respectively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Twenty-First Army (Japan)", "paragraph_text": "On October 12, the 18th and 104th Divisions landed, followed by command units the following day. By October 21, the provincial capital of Guangzhou was under Japanese control. The IJA 5th Division continued to advance up the Pearl River and by November 5 had taken the city of Foshan. By the end of November, the entire province was under Japanese control.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Sichuan", "paragraph_text": "Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was the third most populous sub-national entity in the world, after Uttar Pradesh, India and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1991, when the Soviet Union was dissolved. It is also one of the only six to ever reach 100 million people (Uttar Pradesh, Russian RSFSR, Maharashtra, Sichuan, Bihar and Punjab). It is currently 10th.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Xinhui People's Hospital", "paragraph_text": "Xinhui People's Hospital is a hospital located in the Xinhui District of Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China, affiliated to the Southern Medical University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Pangi Territory", "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Special economic zones of China", "paragraph_text": "Since 1980, China has established special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou in Guangdong Province and Xiamen in Fujian Province, and designated the entire province of Hainan as a special economic zone. In August 1980, the National People's Congress (NPC) passed ``Regulations for The Special Economy Zone of Guangdong Province ''and officially designated a portion of Shenzhen as the Shenzhen Special Economy Zone (SSEZ).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "PK Park", "paragraph_text": "PK Park is named after former Oregon athletic director Pat Kilkenny, whose donations helped to fund the stadium. Designed by sport architect DLR Group, PK Park has 3,000 fixed seats in the main seating bowl and a total capacity of 4,000 spectators. Fan amenities include a video board, landscaped areas for hospitality, a tiered party plaza called \"Fowl Territory\", a picnic plaza, and eight upper level suites. It is located just east of Autzen Stadium; the baseball park was built on the northeast section of the football stadium's parking lot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Provinces and territories of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The provinces and territories of Canada are the administrative divisions that are responsible for the delivery of sub-national governance within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (which, upon Confederation, was divided into Ontario and Quebec) -- were united to form a federated colony, which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times, and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Several of the provinces were former British colonies, and Quebec was originally a French colony, while others were added as Canada grew. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon, which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America. Together, the provinces and territories make up the world's second - largest country by area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Hourui station", "paragraph_text": "Hourui station () is an elevated station on Line 1 of the Shenzhen Metro in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. The station opened on 15 June 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910. During World War I, Japan took German-leased territories in China\u2019s Shandong Province, as well as the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands. In 1918, Japan occupied parts of far eastern Russia and parts of eastern Siberia as a participant in the Siberian Intervention. In 1931 Japan conquered Manchuria from China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Japan's military invaded central China and by the end of the Pacific War, Japan had conquered much of the Far East, including Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, part of New Guinea and some islands of the Pacific Ocean. Japan also invaded Thailand, pressuring the country into a Thai/Japanese alliance. Its colonial ambitions were ended by the victory of the United States in the Second World War and the following treaties which remanded those territories to American administration or their original owners.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What date did the Japanese get to the city where New Plaza Stadium is located, and the rest of the Guangdong province?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 837900, "question": "New Plaza Stadium >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Foshan", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 71701, "question": "what year did the japanese get to #1 and the rest of guangdong province", "answer": "November 5", "paragraph_support_idx": 8}], "answer": "November 5", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2380}
{"id": "2hop__278022_71701", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tha Wang Phrao", "paragraph_text": "Tha Wang Phrao () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of San Pa Tong District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 3697 people. The \"tambon\" contains 7 villages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Xinhui People's Hospital", "paragraph_text": "Xinhui People's Hospital is a hospital located in the Xinhui District of Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China, affiliated to the Southern Medical University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mei River", "paragraph_text": "The Mei River (Chinese: \u6885\u6c5f; Pinyin: M\u00e9i Ji\u0101ng) is a river in Meizhou City in the eastern part of the Guangdong province in southern China and a tributary of the Han River. Major bridges over it include the Jianying Memorial Bridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hourui station", "paragraph_text": "Hourui station () is an elevated station on Line 1 of the Shenzhen Metro in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. The station opened on 15 June 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "USS Arizona Memorial", "paragraph_text": "The USS Arizona Memorial, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, marks the resting place of 1,102 of the 1,177 sailors and Marines killed on USS Arizona (BB - 39) during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and commemorates the events of that day. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the island of O\u02bbahu led to the United States' direct involvement in World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Battle of Weihaiwei", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Weihaiwei (Japanese: was a battle of the First Sino-Japanese War. It took place between 20 January and 12 February 1895 in Weihai, Shandong Province, China between the forces of the Japan and Qing China. In early January 1895, the Japanese landed forces in eastern Shandong positioning forces behind the Chinese naval base at Weihaiwei. Through a well coordinated offensive of both naval and land forces, the Japanese destroyed the forts and sank much of the Chinese fleet. With the Shandong and Liaoning peninsulas under Japanese control, the option for a pincer attack against the Chinese capital, Beijing, was now a possibility. This strategic threat forced the Chinese to sue for peace and led to the war's end in April 1895.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Utrecht sodomy trials", "paragraph_text": "The Utrecht sodomy trials (Dutch: \"Utrechtse sodomieprocessen\") were a large-scale persecution of homosexuals that took place in the Dutch Republic, starting in the city of Utrecht in 1730. Over the following year, the persecution of \"sodomites\" spread to the rest of the nation, leading to some 250 to 300 trials, often ending in a death sentence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of the best theatres for Kunqu, China's oldest stage art. It is considered a conservative and traditional troupe. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Restful Place", "paragraph_text": "Restful Place is a public artwork by Ho-Chunk artist Truman Lowe, located at Indianapolis Art Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. \"Restful Place\" was installed as part of the Center's ARTSPARK initiative.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Pacific War", "paragraph_text": "The Axis states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand in World War II, which quickly formed a temporary alliance with the Japanese in 1941, as the Japanese forces were already invading the peninsula of southern Thailand. The Phayap Army sent troops to invade and occupy northeastern Burma, which was former Thai territory that had been annexed by Britain much earlier. Also involved were the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and Mengjiang (consisting of most of Manchuria and parts of Inner Mongolia respectively), and the collaborationist Wang Jingwei regime (which controlled the coastal regions of China).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Twenty-First Army (Japan)", "paragraph_text": "On October 12, the 18th and 104th Divisions landed, followed by command units the following day. By October 21, the provincial capital of Guangzhou was under Japanese control. The IJA 5th Division continued to advance up the Pearl River and by November 5 had taken the city of Foshan. By the end of November, the entire province was under Japanese control.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Zou Rong", "paragraph_text": "Zou Rong (; 1885 \u2013 1905) was a Chinese nationalist, racialist and revolutionary martyr of the anti-Qing movement. He was born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, his ancestors having moved there from Meizhou, Guangdong area. Zou was sent to Japan at an early age, where he studied the successful Japanese way of modernization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Special economic zones of China", "paragraph_text": "Since 1980, China has established special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou in Guangdong Province and Xiamen in Fujian Province, and designated the entire province of Hainan as a special economic zone. In August 1980, the National People's Congress (NPC) passed ``Regulations for The Special Economy Zone of Guangdong Province ''and officially designated a portion of Shenzhen as the Shenzhen Special Economy Zone (SSEZ).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Ming Ming (giant panda)", "paragraph_text": "Ming Ming (1977 \u2013 7 May 2011) was the world's oldest giant panda. She died of kidney failure at age 34 at the Xiangjiang Wild Animal World in Guangdong Province. Her name translates from Chinese as \"bright\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Joe Ah Chan", "paragraph_text": "Joe Ah Chan (\"Chan Hock Joe\") (1882\u201314 December 1959) was a New Zealand greengrocer, horticulturist and wine-maker. He was born in Guangdong Province, China on 1882.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Xingning Basin", "paragraph_text": "Xingning Basin, located in Xingning, China, is the largest basin in east Guangdong province. It spans 302\u00a0km. Ostracode fossils from at least a dozen species in ten genera have been found there, from both the Early and Late Cretaceous.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Death of Wang Yue", "paragraph_text": "Wang Yue (), also known as \"Little Yue Yue\" (), was a two-year-old Chinese girl who was run over by two vehicles on the afternoon of 13 October 2011 in a narrow road in Foshan, Guangdong. As she lay bleeding on the road for more than seven minutes, at least 18 passers-by skirted around her body, ignoring her. She was eventually helped by a female rubbish scavenger and sent to a hospital for treatment, but succumbed to her injuries and died eight days later. The closed-circuit television recording of the incident was uploaded onto the Internet, and quickly stirred widespread reaction in China and overseas. Many commentators saw this as indicative of a growing apathy in contemporary Chinese society.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Death Note: Light Up the New World", "paragraph_text": "Death Note: Light Up the New World (\u30c7\u30b9\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8 Light up the NEW world, Desu N\u014dto Light up the NEW world) is a 2016 Japanese detective supernatural psychological horror thriller film directed by Shinsuke Sato. The film is based on the manga series Death Note written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata and is a sequel to Death Note 2: The Last Name (2006), but thematically takes place after the Death Note: New Generation mini series. It premiered in Japan on October 29, 2016, by Warner Bros.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Wo Hu", "paragraph_text": "Wo Hu is a 2006 Hong Kong crime film directed by Marco Mak and Wang Guangli starring Eric Tsang, Francis Ng, Jordan Chan, Sonija Kwok, Michael Miu, Julian Cheung and with a special appearance by Shawn Yue.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Sue Ryder", "paragraph_text": "Her birth and death certificates both put the date one year later, on 3 July 1924, as does a plaque unveiled in honour of Sue Ryder and Leonard Cheshire in Cavendish Church in Suffolk. At the beginning of the war, Ryder volunteered to the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, even though she was only 15. To get in, she lied about her age and seems to have maintained the deception for the rest of her life.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "what year did the Japanese get to city where Wang Yue died and the rest of Guangdong province?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 278022, "question": "Wang Yue >> place of death", "answer": "Foshan", "paragraph_support_idx": 16}, {"id": 71701, "question": "what year did the japanese get to #1 and the rest of guangdong province", "answer": "November 5", "paragraph_support_idx": 10}], "answer": "November 5", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1577}
{"id": "2hop__10122_18974", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Somalis", "paragraph_text": "Somali dialects are divided into three main groups: Northern, Benaadir and Maay. Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali. Benaadir (also known as Coastal Somali) is spoken on the Benadir coast from Adale to south of Merca, including Mogadishu, as well as in the immediate hinterland. The coastal dialects have additional phonemes which do not exist in Standard Somali. Maay is principally spoken by the Digil and Mirifle (Rahanweyn) clans in the southern areas of Somalia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Normans", "paragraph_text": "The Norman dynasty had a major political, cultural and military impact on medieval Europe and even the Near East. The Normans were famed for their martial spirit and eventually for their Christian piety, becoming exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy into which they assimilated. They adopted the Gallo-Romance language of the Frankish land they settled, their dialect becoming known as Norman, Normaund or Norman French, an important literary language. The Duchy of Normandy, which they formed by treaty with the French crown, was a great fief of medieval France, and under Richard I of Normandy was forged into a cohesive and formidable principality in feudal tenure. The Normans are noted both for their culture, such as their unique Romanesque architecture and musical traditions, and for their significant military accomplishments and innovations. Norman adventurers founded the Kingdom of Sicily under Roger II after conquering southern Italy on the Saracens and Byzantines, and an expedition on behalf of their duke, William the Conqueror, led to the Norman conquest of England at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Norman cultural and military influence spread from these new European centres to the Crusader states of the Near East, where their prince Bohemond I founded the Principality of Antioch in the Levant, to Scotland and Wales in Great Britain, to Ireland, and to the coasts of north Africa and the Canary Islands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Kinyarwanda", "paragraph_text": "Kinyarwanda (), known as Urufumbira in Kisoro, Uganda, is an official language of Rwanda and a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language spoken by at least 12 million people in Rwanda, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjacent parts of southern Uganda (the mutually intelligible Kirundi dialect is the official language of neighbouring Burundi). Kinyabwisha and Kinyamulenge are the mutually intelligible dialects spoken in North Kivu and South Kivu provinces of neighbouring DR Congo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Near the northern Greek borders there are also some Slavic\u2013speaking groups, locally known as Slavomacedonian-speaking, most of whose members identify ethnically as Greeks. Their dialects can be linguistically classified as forms of either Macedonian Slavic or Bulgarian. It is estimated that after the population exchanges of 1923, Macedonia had 200,000 to 400,000 Slavic speakers. The Jewish community in Greece traditionally spoke Ladino (Judeo-Spanish), today maintained only by a few thousand speakers. Other notable minority languages include Armenian, Georgian, and the Greco-Turkic dialect spoken by the Urums, a community of Caucasus Greeks from the Tsalka region of central Georgia and ethnic Greeks from southeastern Ukraine who arrived in mainly Northern Greece as economic migrants in the 1990s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Hokkien", "paragraph_text": "Xiamen dialect, sometimes known as Amoy, is the main dialect spoken in the Chinese city of Xiamen and its surrounding regions of Tong'an and Xiang'an, both of which are now included in the Greater Xiamen area. This dialect developed in the late Ming dynasty when Xiamen was increasingly taking over Quanzhou's position as the main port of trade in southeastern China. Quanzhou traders began travelling southwards to Xiamen to carry on their businesses while Zhangzhou peasants began traveling northwards to Xiamen in search of job opportunities. It is at this time when a need for a common language arose. The Quanzhou and Zhangzhou varieties are similar in many ways (as can be seen from the common place of Henan Luoyang where they originated), but due to differences in accents, communication can be a problem. Quanzhou businessmen considered their speech to be the prestige accent and considered Zhangzhou's to be a village dialect. Over the centuries, dialect leveling occurred and the two speeches mixed to produce the Amoy dialect.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Catalan language", "paragraph_text": "Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Armenians", "paragraph_text": "Within the diasporan Armenian community, there is an unofficial classification of the different kinds of Armenians. For example, Armenians who originate from Iran are referred to as Parskahay (\u054a\u0561\u0580\u057d\u056f\u0561\u0570\u0561\u0575), while Armenians from Lebanon are usually referred to as Lipananahay (\u053c\u056b\u0562\u0561\u0576\u0561\u0576\u0561\u0570\u0561\u0575). Armenians of the Diaspora are the primary speakers of the Western dialect of the Armenian language. This dialect has considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other. Eastern Armenian in the diaspora is primarily spoken in Iran and European countries such as Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia (where they form a majority in the Samtskhe-Javakheti province). In diverse communities (such as in Canada and the U.S.) where many different kinds of Armenians live together, there is a tendency for the different groups to cluster together.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hokkien", "paragraph_text": "Hokkien /h\u0252\u02c8ki\u025bn/ (traditional Chinese: \u798f\u5efa\u8a71; simplified Chinese: \u798f\u5efa\u8bdd; pinyin: F\u00faji\u00e0nhu\u00e0; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b: Hok-ki\u00e0n o\u0113) or Quanzhang (Quanzhou\u2013Zhangzhou / Chinchew\u2013Changchew; BP: Zu\u00e1nzi\u016b\u2013Zi\u0101ngzi\u016b) is a group of mutually intelligible Min Nan Chinese dialects spoken throughout Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and by many other overseas Chinese. Hokkien originated from a dialect in southern Fujian. It is closely related to the Teochew, though mutual comprehension is difficult, and is somewhat more distantly related to Hainanese. Besides Hokkien, there are also other Min and Hakka dialects in Fujian province, most of which are not mutually intelligible with Hokkien.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hokkien", "paragraph_text": "Quite a few words from the variety of Old Chinese spoken in the state of Wu (where the ancestral language of Min and Wu dialect families originated and which was likely influenced by the Chinese spoken in the state of Chu which itself was not founded by Chinese speakers),[citation needed] and later words from Middle Chinese as well, have retained the original meanings in Hokkien, while many of their counterparts in Mandarin Chinese have either fallen out of daily use, have been substituted with other words (some of which are borrowed from other languages while others are new developments), or have developed newer meanings. The same may be said of Hokkien as well, since some lexical meaning evolved in step with Mandarin while others are wholly innovative developments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dutch language", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), Skepi (in Essequibo, Guyana) and Negerhollands (in the United States Virgin Islands). Pennsylvania Dutch is not a member of the set of Dutch dialects and is less misleadingly called Pennsylvania German.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Dutch language", "paragraph_text": "Dutch dialects and regional languages are not spoken as often as they used to be. Recent research by Geert Driessen shows that the use of dialects and regional languages among both Dutch adults and youth is in heavy decline. In 1995, 27 percent of the Dutch adult population spoke a dialect or regional language on a regular basis, while in 2011 this was no more than 11 percent. In 1995, 12 percent of the primary school aged children spoke a dialect or regional language, while in 2011 this had declined to 4 percent. Of the three officially recognized regional languages Limburgish is spoken most (in 2011 among adults 54%, among children 31%) and Dutch Low Saxon least (adults 15%, children 1%); Frisian occupies a middle position (adults 44%, children 22%).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Greece is today relatively homogeneous in linguistic terms, with a large majority of the native population using Greek as their first or only language. Among the Greek-speaking population, speakers of the distinctive Pontic dialect came to Greece from Asia Minor after the Greek genocide and constitute a sizable group. The Cappadocian dialect came to Greece due to the genocide as well, but is endangered and is barely spoken now. Indigenous Greek dialects include the archaic Greek spoken by the Sarakatsani, traditionally transhument mountain shepherds of Greek Macedonia and other parts of Northern Greece. The Tsakonian language, a distinct Greek language deriving from Doric Greek instead of Ionic Greek, is still spoken in some villages in the southeastern Peloponnese.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Armenian Wikipedia", "paragraph_text": "The Armenian language used is mainly the Eastern Armenian dialect. However, the Armenian Wikipedia is inclusive, and also contains articles of interest in the Western Armenian dialect, which is predominantly spoken in the Armenian Diaspora.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Hokkien", "paragraph_text": "In 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (\u9673\u653f), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (\u9673\u5143\u5149), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang), the two brothers Wang Chao (\u738b\u6f6e) and Wang Shenzhi (\u738b\u5be9\u77e5), led a military expedition force to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion. They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou. These two waves of migrations from the north generally brought the language of northern Middle Chinese into the Fujian region. This then gradually evolved into the Zhangzhou dialect.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Chukotkan languages", "paragraph_text": "Chukotkan (Chukotian, Chukotic) is a dialect cluster that forms one branch of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family. It is spoken in two autonomous regions at the extreme northeast of Russia, bounded on the east by the Pacific and on the north by the Arctic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Old English", "paragraph_text": "Old English is a West Germanic language, developing out of Ingvaeonic (also known as North Sea Germanic) dialects from the 5th century. It came to be spoken over most of the territory of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which became the Kingdom of England. This included most of present-day England, as well as part of what is now southeastern Scotland, which for several centuries belonged to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Other parts of the island \u2013 Wales and most of Scotland \u2013 continued to use Celtic languages, except in the areas of Scandinavian settlements where Old Norse was spoken. Celtic speech also remained established in certain parts of England: Medieval Cornish was spoken all over Cornwall and in adjacent parts of Devon, while Cumbric survived perhaps to the 12th century in parts of Cumbria, and Welsh may have been spoken on the English side of the Anglo-Welsh border. Norse was also widely spoken in the parts of England which fell under Danish law.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Endegagn", "paragraph_text": "Endegagn is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named after the Endegagn dialect of Inor language spoken by Gurage people. Part of the Gurage Zone, Endegagn is bordered on the southeast by the Silt'e Zone, on the southwest by Hadiya Zone, on the north by Enemorina Eaner, on the north by the Oromia Region, on the northeast by Sodo, and on the northeast by Geta. Endegagn was separated from the Enemorina Eaner woreda.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Punjab, Pakistan", "paragraph_text": "The major and native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi (which is written in a Shahmukhi script in Pakistan) and Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in country. Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than 89% of population. The language is not given any official recognition in the Constitution of Pakistan at the national level. Punjabis themselves are a heterogeneous group comprising different tribes, clans (Urdu: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u200e) and communities. In Pakistani Punjab these tribes have more to do with traditional occupations such as blacksmiths or artisans as opposed to rigid social stratifications. Punjabi dialects spoken in the province include Majhi (Standard), Saraiki and Hindko. Saraiki is mostly spoken in south Punjab, and Pashto, spoken in some parts of north west Punjab, especially in Attock District and Mianwali District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible to the next valley a few kilometers away. Other varieties of Chinese are spoken as well, mostly along the borders; Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border with Anhui, while Min dialects are spoken on the border with Fujian. (See Hangzhou dialect, Shaoxing dialect, Ningbo dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Taizhou dialect, Jinhua dialect, and Quzhou dialect for more information).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "The Low German varieties spoken in Germany are often counted among the German dialects. This reflects the modern situation where they are roofed by standard German. This is different from the situation in the Middle Ages when Low German had strong tendencies towards an ausbau language.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who led the military expedition to where now Min dialects are spoken on border with Zhejiang?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 10122, "question": "Min dialects are spoken on the border where?", "answer": "with Fujian", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 18974, "question": "Who led the military expedition in #1 ?", "answer": "Chen Zheng", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "Chen Zheng", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2925}
{"id": "2hop__370564_71701", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Century Lotus Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Century Lotus Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Foshan, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 36,686 people and was built in 2005. It hosted a first round match between China and Myanmar during 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying. This building has a design similar to the reconstructed Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi built by the same designers.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "In the first centuries AD, political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia. Two larger subdivisions appeared: the province (Estonian: kihelkond) and the land (Estonian: maakond). Several elderships or villages made up a province. Nearly all provinces had at least one fortress. The king or other highest administrative official elder directed the defense of the local area. By the thirteenth century Estonia consisted of the following provinces: Revala, Harjumaa, Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, L\u00e4\u00e4nemaa, Alempois, Sakala, Ugandi, Jogentagana, Soopoolitse, Vaiga, M\u00f5hu, Nurmekund, J\u00e4rvamaa and Virumaa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Zou Rong", "paragraph_text": "Zou Rong (; 1885 \u2013 1905) was a Chinese nationalist, racialist and revolutionary martyr of the anti-Qing movement. He was born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, his ancestors having moved there from Meizhou, Guangdong area. Zou was sent to Japan at an early age, where he studied the successful Japanese way of modernization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Special economic zones of China", "paragraph_text": "Since 1980, China has established special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou in Guangdong Province and Xiamen in Fujian Province, and designated the entire province of Hainan as a special economic zone. In August 1980, the National People's Congress (NPC) passed ``Regulations for The Special Economy Zone of Guangdong Province ''and officially designated a portion of Shenzhen as the Shenzhen Special Economy Zone (SSEZ).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Qianhaiwan station", "paragraph_text": "Qianhaiwan station () is a station on the Line 1, Line 5 and Line 11 of the Shenzhen Metro in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. Line 1 platforms opened on 15 June 2011, Line 5 platforms opened on 22 June 2011, and Line 11 platforms opened on 28 June 2016. Qianhaiwan Station is located under Chenwen Road in Shenzhen's Nanshan District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Minsk Region", "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas\u0107 or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vob\u0142as\u0107\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Xingning Basin", "paragraph_text": "Xingning Basin, located in Xingning, China, is the largest basin in east Guangdong province. It spans 302\u00a0km. Ostracode fossils from at least a dozen species in ten genera have been found there, from both the Early and Late Cretaceous.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Joe Ah Chan", "paragraph_text": "Joe Ah Chan (\"Chan Hock Joe\") (1882\u201314 December 1959) was a New Zealand greengrocer, horticulturist and wine-maker. He was born in Guangdong Province, China on 1882.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Federalism", "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (munic\u00edpios) with their own legislative council (c\u00e2mara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei org\u00e2nica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Pangi Territory", "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Princess Sirindhorn Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Princess Sirindhorn Stadium () is a sports stadium in Si Racha, Chonburi Province, Thailand. The name of the stadium come from the name of Princess Sirindhorn, Princess Royal of Thailand. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the formerly home stadium of Sriracha FC and formerly of Chonburi FC. The stadium holds 8,000 people. The Stadium is located near the city centre, on the ground of the Assumption College Sriracha. The stadium has a running track, as do most of the stadiums in Thailand. It is fitted with floodlights, enabling evening matches to be played.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yet controlling the \"Mandate of Heaven\" was a daunting task. The vastness of China's territory meant that there were only enough banner troops to garrison key cities forming the backbone of a defense network that relied heavily on surrendered Ming soldiers. In addition, three surrendered Ming generals were singled out for their contributions to the establishment of the Qing dynasty, ennobled as feudal princes (\u85e9\u738b), and given governorships over vast territories in Southern China. The chief of these was Wu Sangui, who was given the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, while generals Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong were given Guangdong and Fujian provinces respectively.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Mexico City", "paragraph_text": "The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government\u2014as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s\u2014or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Sichuan", "paragraph_text": "Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was the third most populous sub-national entity in the world, after Uttar Pradesh, India and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1991, when the Soviet Union was dissolved. It is also one of the only six to ever reach 100 million people (Uttar Pradesh, Russian RSFSR, Maharashtra, Sichuan, Bihar and Punjab). It is currently 10th.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Provinces and territories of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The provinces and territories of Canada are the administrative divisions that are responsible for the delivery of sub-national governance within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (which, upon Confederation, was divided into Ontario and Quebec) -- were united to form a federated colony, which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times, and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Several of the provinces were former British colonies, and Quebec was originally a French colony, while others were added as Canada grew. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon, which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America. Together, the provinces and territories make up the world's second - largest country by area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Xinhui People's Hospital", "paragraph_text": "Xinhui People's Hospital is a hospital located in the Xinhui District of Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China, affiliated to the Southern Medical University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Kiri Territory", "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Campora", "paragraph_text": "Campora is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Salerno, Campania (southern Italy). It is located in the territory of Cilento and as of 2009 its population was of 810.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Twenty-First Army (Japan)", "paragraph_text": "On October 12, the 18th and 104th Divisions landed, followed by command units the following day. By October 21, the provincial capital of Guangzhou was under Japanese control. The IJA 5th Division continued to advance up the Pearl River and by November 5 had taken the city of Foshan. By the end of November, the entire province was under Japanese control.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank", "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What year did the japanese get to the current administrative territorial entity of the Century Lotus Stadium and the rest of the guangdong province?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 370564, "question": "Century Lotus Stadium >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Foshan", "paragraph_support_idx": 0}, {"id": 71701, "question": "what year did the japanese get to #1 and the rest of guangdong province", "answer": "November 5", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}], "answer": "November 5", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2240}
{"id": "2hop__753260_71701", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Zou Rong", "paragraph_text": "Zou Rong (; 1885 \u2013 1905) was a Chinese nationalist, racialist and revolutionary martyr of the anti-Qing movement. He was born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, his ancestors having moved there from Meizhou, Guangdong area. Zou was sent to Japan at an early age, where he studied the successful Japanese way of modernization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Han dynasty", "paragraph_text": "When Empress Dowager Deng died, Emperor An (r. 106\u2013125 AD) was convinced by the accusations of the eunuchs Li Run (\u674e\u958f) and Jiang Jing (\u6c5f\u4eac) that Deng and her family had planned to depose him. An dismissed Deng's clan members from office, exiled them and forced many to commit suicide. After An's death, his wife, Empress Dowager Yan (d. 126 AD) placed the child Marquess of Beixiang on the throne in an attempt to retain power within her family. However, palace eunuch Sun Cheng (d. 132 AD) masterminded a successful overthrow of her regime to enthrone Emperor Shun of Han (r. 125\u2013144 AD). Yan was placed under house arrest, her relatives were either killed or exiled, and her eunuch allies were slaughtered. The regent Liang Ji (d. 159 AD), brother of Empress Liang Na (d. 150 AD), had the brother-in-law of Consort Deng Mengn\u00fc (later empress) (d. 165 AD) killed after Deng Mengn\u00fc resisted Liang Ji's attempts to control her. Afterward, Emperor Huan employed eunuchs to depose Liang Ji, who was then forced to commit suicide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sue Ryder", "paragraph_text": "Her birth and death certificates both put the date one year later, on 3 July 1924, as does a plaque unveiled in honour of Sue Ryder and Leonard Cheshire in Cavendish Church in Suffolk. At the beginning of the war, Ryder volunteered to the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, even though she was only 15. To get in, she lied about her age and seems to have maintained the deception for the rest of her life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Battle of Weihaiwei", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Weihaiwei (Japanese: was a battle of the First Sino-Japanese War. It took place between 20 January and 12 February 1895 in Weihai, Shandong Province, China between the forces of the Japan and Qing China. In early January 1895, the Japanese landed forces in eastern Shandong positioning forces behind the Chinese naval base at Weihaiwei. Through a well coordinated offensive of both naval and land forces, the Japanese destroyed the forts and sank much of the Chinese fleet. With the Shandong and Liaoning peninsulas under Japanese control, the option for a pincer attack against the Chinese capital, Beijing, was now a possibility. This strategic threat forced the Chinese to sue for peace and led to the war's end in April 1895.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Liang Jiahong", "paragraph_text": "Liang Jiahong (born 6 March 1988 in Longjiang, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong) is a Chinese sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Yao Defen", "paragraph_text": "Yao Defen was born to poor farmers in the town of Liuan in the Anhui province of Shucheng County. At birth she weighed . When she was eleven years old she was about 188 centimetres (6 ft 2 in) tall. She was 210 centimetres (6 ft 9 in) tall by the age of fifteen years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Xinhui People's Hospital", "paragraph_text": "Xinhui People's Hospital is a hospital located in the Xinhui District of Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China, affiliated to the Southern Medical University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hourui station", "paragraph_text": "Hourui station () is an elevated station on Line 1 of the Shenzhen Metro in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. The station opened on 15 June 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Adventures of Milo and Otis", "paragraph_text": "The film opens in 1986 on Nippon Farm with a mother cat named Moth Ari who has given birth to kittens. One of the kittens is named Milo (``Chatran ''(\u30c1\u30e3\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3, Chatoran) in the Japanese version), and has a habit of being too curious and getting himself into trouble. He finds a pug - nosed pug puppy named Otis (`` Poosky'' (\u30d7\u30fc\u52a9, P\u016bsuke) in the Japanese version), and they soon become friends. When Milo is playing inside a box floating in the river, he accidentally drifts downstream. Otis runs after Milo. Milo goes on many adventures, escaping one incident after another.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Cho-Liang Lin", "paragraph_text": "Cho-Liang Lin (Lin Cho-liang, , born January 29, 1960), born in Hsinchu, Taiwan, is an American violinist who is renowned for his appearances as a soloist with major orchestras. \"Musical America\" named him its \"Instrumentalist of the Year\" in 2000. He founded the Taipei International Music Festival in 1997, the largest classical music festival in the history of Taiwan, performing to an indoor audience of over 53,000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Taishanese people", "paragraph_text": "Sze Yup Cantonese (; Sze Yup: Hlei Yip Gong Ong Ngin; Cantonese: Sei Yap Gwong Dong Yan; Mandarin: S\u00ecy\u00ec gu\u01cengd\u014dng r\u00e9n) are a Han Chinese group coming from a region in Guangdong Province in China called Sze Yup (\u56db\u9091), which consisted of the four county-level cities of Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, and Enping. Now Heshan has been added to this historic region, and the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen administers all five of these county-level cities, which is sometimes informally called Ng Yap. Their ancestors are said to have arrived from what is today central China about less than a thousand years ago and migrated into Guangdong around the Tang Dynasty rule period, and thus Taishanese as a dialect of Yue Chinese has linguistically preserved many characteristics of Middle Chinese.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Xingning Basin", "paragraph_text": "Xingning Basin, located in Xingning, China, is the largest basin in east Guangdong province. It spans 302\u00a0km. Ostracode fossils from at least a dozen species in ten genera have been found there, from both the Early and Late Cretaceous.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Ming Ming (giant panda)", "paragraph_text": "Ming Ming (1977 \u2013 7 May 2011) was the world's oldest giant panda. She died of kidney failure at age 34 at the Xiangjiang Wild Animal World in Guangdong Province. Her name translates from Chinese as \"bright\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "California Basic Educational Skills Test", "paragraph_text": "One must earn a total of 123 points to get a passing status across all three sections, but you can get away with a score as low as 37 in one or two sections. However, you must make up the rest of remaining points of 123 points elsewhere.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Twenty-First Army (Japan)", "paragraph_text": "On October 12, the 18th and 104th Divisions landed, followed by command units the following day. By October 21, the provincial capital of Guangzhou was under Japanese control. The IJA 5th Division continued to advance up the Pearl River and by November 5 had taken the city of Foshan. By the end of November, the entire province was under Japanese control.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Joe Ah Chan", "paragraph_text": "Joe Ah Chan (\"Chan Hock Joe\") (1882\u201314 December 1959) was a New Zealand greengrocer, horticulturist and wine-maker. He was born in Guangdong Province, China on 1882.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "USS Arizona Memorial", "paragraph_text": "The USS Arizona Memorial, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, marks the resting place of 1,102 of the 1,177 sailors and Marines killed on USS Arizona (BB - 39) during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and commemorates the events of that day. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the island of O\u02bbahu led to the United States' direct involvement in World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Mei River", "paragraph_text": "The Mei River (Chinese: \u6885\u6c5f; Pinyin: M\u00e9i Ji\u0101ng) is a river in Meizhou City in the eastern part of the Guangdong province in southern China and a tributary of the Han River. Major bridges over it include the Jianying Memorial Bridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Sima Liang", "paragraph_text": "Sima Liang was the fourth son of Sima Yi, by his concubine, Lady Fu. During Cao Wei regencies of his older brothers Sima Shi and Sima Zhao, he served as a mid-level official. After his nephew Sima Yan took the throne as Emperor Wu of Jin, ending Cao Wei and starting Jin, Sima Liang was created the Prince of Fufeng and put in charge of the military commands of Qin (\u79e6\u5dde, modern eastern Gansu) and Yong (\u96cd\u5dde, modern central and northern Shaanxi) provinces. In 270, after his subordinate, the general Liu Qi (\u5289\u65c2) was defeated by the Xianbei rebel Tufa Shujineng, Sima Liang tried to have Liu's life spared by claiming fault; Liu's life was spared, but Sima Liang lost his post as a result.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "When did the Japanese get to Liang Jiahong's birthplace and the rest of Guangdong?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 753260, "question": "Liang Jiahong >> place of birth", "answer": "Foshan", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 71701, "question": "what year did the japanese get to #1 and the rest of guangdong province", "answer": "November 5", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}], "answer": "November 5", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1948}
{"id": "2hop__631024_18974", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Birth certificate", "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Scott's Hut", "paragraph_text": "Scott's Hut is a building located on the north shore of Cape Evans on Ross Island in Antarctica. It was erected in 1911 by the British Antarctic Expedition of 1910\u20131913 (also known as the Terra Nova Expedition) led by Robert Falcon Scott. In selecting a base of operations for the 1910\u20131913 Expedition, Scott rejected the notion of reoccupying the hut he had built by McMurdo Sound during the Discovery Expedition of 1901\u20131904.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Hedley Glacier", "paragraph_text": "Hedley Glacier () is a small glacier in the Kukri Hills of Victoria Land, Antarctica, flowing south from Mount Coates into Ferrar Glacier. It was named by the Western Journey Party of Robert Falcon Scott's British Antarctic Expedition, 1910\u201313, probably for Charles Hedley of the Australian Museum, whose studies and reports on the Mollusca contributed to Scott's expedition, and to the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907\u201309, led by Ernest Shackleton.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Siege of Germanicia", "paragraph_text": "The Siege of Germanicia or Marash was led by Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate during their campaigns in Anatolia in 638. The city surrendered without much bloodshed. This expedition is important because it marks the end of the military career of the legendary Arab Muslim general Khalid ibn Walid, who was dismissed from the army a few months after his return from the expedition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Spanish made landfall in Mexico in 1517. A Spanish settler in Cuba, Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s, led an expedition (entrada) to Mexico, landing in February 1519, following an earlier expedition led by Juan de Grijalva to Yucat\u00e1n in 1517. Two years later Cort\u00e9s and his retinue set sail, thus beginning the expedition of exploration and conquest. The Spanish campaign against the Aztec Empire had its final victory on August 13, 1521, when a coalition army of Spanish forces and native Tlaxcalan warriors led by Cort\u00e9s and Xicotencatl the Younger captured the emperor Cuauhtemoc and Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. The fall of Tenochtitlan marks the beginning of Spanish rule in central Mexico, and they established their capital of Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gong Beibi", "paragraph_text": "Gong Beibi () (born February 21, 1978 in Fujian, China) is a Chinese film and television actress. Beginning her career as a child actress, she later graduated from the prestigious Central Academy of Drama where she gained fame and popularity among young audiences in China after starring in several popular TV series and feature films in both China and Hong Kong. Due to her success while still a student, she became dubbed in the media at the time as \"little Gong Li\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Yang Meng", "paragraph_text": "Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (\u6dee\u5357, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in 1931. In addition, Shackleton himself and three other members of his expedition made several firsts in December 1908 \u2013 February 1909: they were the first humans to traverse the Ross Ice Shelf, the first to traverse the Transantarctic Mountains (via the Beardmore Glacier), and the first to set foot on the South Polar Plateau. An expedition led by Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen from the ship Fram became the first to reach the geographic South Pole on 14 December 1911, using a route from the Bay of Whales and up the Axel Heiberg Glacier. One month later, the doomed Scott Expedition reached the pole.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sima Yuanxian", "paragraph_text": "Sima Yuanxian was the son of Sima Daozi the Prince of Kuaiji, the younger brother of Emperor Xiaowu and son of Emperor Jianwen, and he was born during the reign of his uncle Emperor Xiaowu. When Emperor Xiaowu was murdered by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang in 396, he was succeeded by Emperor An, and Sima Daozi, as the emperor's uncle, became regent. Sima Daozi's trusted associates Wang Guobao (\u738b\u570b\u5bf6) and Wang Xu (\u738b\u7dd2), because of their corrupt ways, quickly drew the ires of provincial officials Wang Gong (\u738b\u606d) and Yin Zhongkan (\u6bb7\u4ef2\u582a), and in 397, Wang Gong and Yin started a rebellion, demanding that Wang Guobao and Wang Xu be killed. Sima Daozi, apprehensive of Wang Gong and Yin's power, executed Wang Guobao and Wang Xu, and Wang Gong and Yin withdrew. It was at this juncture that Sima Yuanxian, Sima Daozi's heir apparent, who was 15 but considered intelligent and capable, warned Sima Daozi that Wang Gong and Yin would one day again rebel. Sima Daozi, trusting his son, entrusted Sima Yuanxian with his personal guards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Image Expedition", "paragraph_text": "The Image Expedition was founded in 1990 by Daniel Lorenzetti, funded in part by a grant which Lorenzetti had recently been awarded by the South Florida Cultural Consortium's Visual Artist Fellowship. The editorial director of the Image Expedition is Daniel's wife, Linda Rice Lorenzetti, whose writing has been published in \"The Adventure of Food: True Stories of Eating Everything\" (Travelers' Tales, 1999), and \"The Birth of Coffee\" (Random House, 2001).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "French and Indian War", "paragraph_text": "The British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the European theater, led to the fall from power of Newcastle and his principal military advisor, the Duke of Cumberland. Newcastle and Pitt joined in an uneasy coalition in which Pitt dominated the military planning. He embarked on a plan for the 1758 campaign that was largely developed by Loudoun. He had been replaced by Abercrombie as commander in chief after the failures of 1757. Pitt's plan called for three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops, supported by the provincial militias, aimed at capturing the heartlands of New France. Two of the expeditions were successful, with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg falling to sizable British forces.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Richard Binder", "paragraph_text": "Richard Binder (July 26, 1839 \u2013 February 26, 1912) was an American Civil War Marine Corps Sergeant and a recipient of America's highest military decoration - the Medal of Honor. His birth name was Richard Bigle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Hokkien", "paragraph_text": "In 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (\u9673\u653f), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (\u9673\u5143\u5149), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang), the two brothers Wang Chao (\u738b\u6f6e) and Wang Shenzhi (\u738b\u5be9\u77e5), led a military expedition force to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion. They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou. These two waves of migrations from the north generally brought the language of northern Middle Chinese into the Fujian region. This then gradually evolved into the Zhangzhou dialect.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Shackleton Coast", "paragraph_text": "Shackleton Coast is that portion of the coast along the west side of the Ross Ice Shelf between Cape Selborne and Airdrop Peak at the east side of Beardmore Glacier in Antarctica. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Sir Ernest Shackleton. He accompanied Scott on the southern journey during the \"Discovery\" expedition (1901\u201304) and subsequently led three Antarctic expeditions. On the British Antarctic Expedition (1907\u201309), Shackleton discovered the area beyond Shackleton Inlet to the Beardmore Glacier, and was the first to find a practicable route to the South Pole. Lack of food stopped him 97 miles (180\u00a0km) from his goal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Beibi", "paragraph_text": "\"Beibi\" () is a song by Finnish pop rock band Haloo Helsinki!. It was released on by Sony Music Entertainment as the lead single from their upcoming, fifth studio album \"Kiitos ei ole kirosana\". In September 2014, the song peaked at number one on the Official Finnish Singles Chart, Download Chart and Airplay Chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Military history of Indonesia", "paragraph_text": "Many inscriptions were found that mention Srivijayan activity in the 7th century. The Kedukan Bukit inscription is the oldest record of Indonesian military history, and noted a 7th - century Srivijaya n siddhayatra expedition led by Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa. He was said to have brought 20,000 troops, including 200 seamen and 1,312 foot soldiers. The Telaga Batu inscription mentions military titles; such as sen\u0101pati (general), c\u0101tabhata (soldier), puh\u0101vam (ship captain) and v\u0101s\u012bkarana (blacksmith / weapon maker). It revealed that the empire had specialised military units and formal military occupations. The Kota Kapur inscription mentions a Srivijayan naval expedition against Bhumi Java, and is dated to a period coinciding with the fall of the Tarumanagara and Kalingga kingdoms in Java.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Battle of Little Blue River", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Little Blue River was a minor battle of the American Civil War, occurring on October 21, 1864 in Jackson County, Missouri during Price's Missouri Expedition of that year. It became the opening round of the Second Battle of Independence, which began on this same day and was essentially a continuation of this engagement. This led in turn to the Battle of Westport on October 23, resulting in Price's defeat and the ending of major Confederate military operations in Missouri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Newton\u2013Jenney Party", "paragraph_text": "The Newton\u2013Jenney Party of 1875, led by Henry Newton and Walter P. Jenney, and escorted by a military detachment led by Lieutenant Colonel Richard I. Dodge, and known also as the Jenney-Newton Party, was a scientific expedition sponsored by the United States Geological Survey to map the Black Hills of South Dakota. The Newton-Jenney expedition was established in response to the Black Hills Gold Rush, which had been escalated the previous year by General George Armstrong Custer's expedition into the Black Hills. The Newton\u2013Jenney Party included many figures who would gain notoriety in the 19th century, including Calamity Jane, Dr. Valentine McGillycuddy, and California Joe Milner. The expedition confirmed Custer's claims of gold and prompted an increase of miners in the Black Hills region, which in turn antagonized events leading to the Great Sioux War of 1876-77.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Qiao Guanhua", "paragraph_text": "Qiao Guanhua married with diplomat Gong Peng in 1943. The two had a son, Qiao Zonghuai, who served as vice-minister of Foreign Affairs. Their daughter, Qiao Songdu, graduated from Tianjin Medical University. In 2008, she finished the book Qiao Guanhua and Gong Peng--my father and my mother ). In 1970, Gong Peng died of a cerebral hemorrhage. In 1973, Qiao Guanhua married Zhang Hanzhi, adopted daughter of the revolutionary journalist Zhang Shizhao and English interpreter for Chairman Mao himself, after she divorced Hong Junyan. Hung Huang is Qiao Guanhua's stepdaughter. Qiao Guanhua died of cancer in 1983.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Gaston de Gerlache", "paragraph_text": "Gaston de Gerlache was the son of Adrien de Gerlache and followed in the tracks of his father by leading the second Belgian expedition to Antarctica in 1957\u20131958, 60 years after his father led the 1897\u20131899 Belgian Antarctic Expedition with the ship Belgica.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "Who led the military expedition in the province where Gong Beibi was born?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 631024, "question": "Gong Beibi >> place of birth", "answer": "Fujian", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}, {"id": 18974, "question": "Who led the military expedition in #1 ?", "answer": "Chen Zheng", "paragraph_support_idx": 12}], "answer": "Chen Zheng", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2574}
{"id": "2hop__10017_18974", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in 1931. In addition, Shackleton himself and three other members of his expedition made several firsts in December 1908 \u2013 February 1909: they were the first humans to traverse the Ross Ice Shelf, the first to traverse the Transantarctic Mountains (via the Beardmore Glacier), and the first to set foot on the South Polar Plateau. An expedition led by Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen from the ship Fram became the first to reach the geographic South Pole on 14 December 1911, using a route from the Bay of Whales and up the Axel Heiberg Glacier. One month later, the doomed Scott Expedition reached the pole.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bueng Kan Province", "paragraph_text": "The province is in the northeastern corner of Thailand. It borders, from the south clockwise, Nakhon Phanom, Sakon Nakhon, and Nong Khai Province. To the north and east it borders Bolikhamsai Province of Laos, with the Mekong River forming the boundary.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Manitoba Highway 89", "paragraph_text": "Provincial Trunk Highway 89 (PTH 89) is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The entire road lies within the Rural Municipality of Piney and is long. It runs from PTH 12 south to Piney and the U.S. border. South of the border it becomes Minnesota State Highway 89.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "\u0110\u1ee9c Hu\u1ec7 District", "paragraph_text": "\u0110\u1ee9c Hu\u1ec7 is a rural district of Long An Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. It has a western border with Cambodia; a southwest border with Th\u1ea1nh H\u00f3a District; an eastern border with \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f2a District; and a south and southeast border with Th\u1ee7 Th\u1eeba District and B\u1ebfn L\u1ee9c District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "Zhejiang (help\u00b7info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Bilene Macia District", "paragraph_text": "Bilene Macia District is a district of Gaza Province in south-western Mozambique. Its principal town is Macia. The district is located at the south of the province, and borders with Ch\u00f3kw\u00e8 District in the north, Xai-Xai District in the east, and Magude District of Maputo Province in the west. In the south, the district is bounded by the Indian Ocean. The area of the district is . It has a population of 151911 as of 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Newton\u2013Jenney Party", "paragraph_text": "The Newton\u2013Jenney Party of 1875, led by Henry Newton and Walter P. Jenney, and escorted by a military detachment led by Lieutenant Colonel Richard I. Dodge, and known also as the Jenney-Newton Party, was a scientific expedition sponsored by the United States Geological Survey to map the Black Hills of South Dakota. The Newton-Jenney expedition was established in response to the Black Hills Gold Rush, which had been escalated the previous year by General George Armstrong Custer's expedition into the Black Hills. The Newton\u2013Jenney Party included many figures who would gain notoriety in the 19th century, including Calamity Jane, Dr. Valentine McGillycuddy, and California Joe Milner. The expedition confirmed Custer's claims of gold and prompted an increase of miners in the Black Hills region, which in turn antagonized events leading to the Great Sioux War of 1876-77.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Panda District", "paragraph_text": "Panda District is a district of Inhambane Province in south-east Mozambique. Its principal town is Panda. The district is located at the northwest of the province and borders with Funhalouro District in the north, Homoine District in the east, Inharrime District in the south, and with Chibuto and Manjacaze Districts of Gaza Province in the west. The area of the district is . It has a population of 47.946 as of 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "A Kiom", "paragraph_text": "A Kiom is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Siege of Germanicia", "paragraph_text": "The Siege of Germanicia or Marash was led by Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate during their campaigns in Anatolia in 638. The city surrendered without much bloodshed. This expedition is important because it marks the end of the military career of the legendary Arab Muslim general Khalid ibn Walid, who was dismissed from the army a few months after his return from the expedition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "Since ancient times, north Zhejiang and neighbouring south Jiangsu have been famed for their prosperity and opulence[citation needed], and simply inserting north Zhejiang place names (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess, a practice followed by many noted poets. In particular, the fame of Hangzhou (as well as Suzhou in neighbouring Jiangsu province) has led to the popular saying: \"Above there is heaven; below there is Suzhou and Hangzhou\" (\u4e0a\u6709\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u4e0b\u6709\u82cf\u676d), a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Military history of Indonesia", "paragraph_text": "Many inscriptions were found that mention Srivijayan activity in the 7th century. The Kedukan Bukit inscription is the oldest record of Indonesian military history, and noted a 7th - century Srivijaya n siddhayatra expedition led by Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa. He was said to have brought 20,000 troops, including 200 seamen and 1,312 foot soldiers. The Telaga Batu inscription mentions military titles; such as sen\u0101pati (general), c\u0101tabhata (soldier), puh\u0101vam (ship captain) and v\u0101s\u012bkarana (blacksmith / weapon maker). It revealed that the empire had specialised military units and formal military occupations. The Kota Kapur inscription mentions a Srivijayan naval expedition against Bhumi Java, and is dated to a period coinciding with the fall of the Tarumanagara and Kalingga kingdoms in Java.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Chibuto District", "paragraph_text": "Chibuto District is a district of Gaza Province in south-western Mozambique. Its principal town is Chibuto. The district is located at the south of the province, and borders with Chigubo District in the north, Panda District of Inhambane Province in the east, Manjacaze District in the southeast, Xai-Xai District in the south, Ch\u00f3kw\u00e8 District in the southwest, and Guij\u00e1 District in the west. The area of the district is . It has a population of 197,214 as of 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Quzhou Airport", "paragraph_text": "Quzhou Airport () is a dual-use military and civil airport serving the city of Quzhou in Zhejiang Province, China. The airport is located 2.9 kilometers east of the city center and was opened to civil flights on 26 November 1993. The public terminal is unique in being separated by a lake from the two aircraft bays, requiring passengers to walk across a lengthy causeway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "East Nusa Tenggara", "paragraph_text": "Located in the east of Lesser Sunda Islands, East Nusa Tenggara faces the Indian Ocean in the south and Flores Sea in the north. The province is bordered by other provinces, West Nusa Tenggara in the west. In the east, the province is bordered by East Timor and southern part of Maluku.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "India\u2013Pakistan border", "paragraph_text": "The India and Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the four provinces of Pakistan. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian controlled Kashmir from Pakistan controlled Kashmir, in the north, to Wagah, which partitioned the Indian Punjab state and Punjab Province of Pakistan, in the east. The Zero Point separates the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "Zhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229\u2013280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220\u2013280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force. The story depicts how the states of Wei (\u9b4f) and Shu (\u8700), lack of material resources, avoided direct confrontation with the Wu. In armed military conflicts with Wu, the two states relied intensively on tactics of camouflage and deception to steal Wu's military resources including arrows and bows.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Zhejiang", "paragraph_text": "The province is traditionally known as the \"Land of Fish and Rice\". True to its name, rice is the main crop, followed by wheat; north Zhejiang is also a center of aquaculture in China, and the Zhoushan fishery is the largest fishery in the country. The main cash crops include jute and cotton, and the province also leads the provinces of China in tea production. (The renowned Longjing tea is a product of Hangzhou.) Zhejiang's towns have been known for handicraft production of goods such as silk, for which it is ranked second among the provinces. Its many market towns connect the cities with the countryside.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Hokkien", "paragraph_text": "In 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (\u9673\u653f), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (\u9673\u5143\u5149), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang), the two brothers Wang Chao (\u738b\u6f6e) and Wang Shenzhi (\u738b\u5be9\u77e5), led a military expedition force to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion. They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou. These two waves of migrations from the north generally brought the language of northern Middle Chinese into the Fujian region. This then gradually evolved into the Zhangzhou dialect.", "is_supporting": true}], "question": "Who led the military expedition in the province that borders Zhejiang to the south?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 10017, "question": "Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the south?", "answer": "Fujian", "paragraph_support_idx": 4}, {"id": 18974, "question": "Who led the military expedition in #1 ?", "answer": "Chen Zheng", "paragraph_support_idx": 19}], "answer": "Chen Zheng", "answer_aliases": [], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2171}
{"id": "2hop__810411_159673", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "One Tree Hill (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "Season six is the final season for original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Their characters, Lucas and Peyton, leave Tree Hill with their newborn baby in the finale.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Portrayal of James Bond in film", "paragraph_text": "American actor Barry Nelson was the first to portray Bond on screen, in a 1954 television adaptation, ``Casino Royale ''. In 1961 Eon Productions began work on Dr. No, an adaptation of the novel of the same name. The result was a film that spawned a series of twenty - four films produced by Eon Productions and two independent films. After considering the likes of`` refined'' English actors such as Cary Grant and David Niven, the producers cast Sean Connery as Bond in the film. Fleming was appalled at the selection of the uncouth, 31 - year - old Scottish actor, considering him to be the antithesis of his character. However, Connery's physical prowess and sexual magnetism in the role came to be closely identified with the character, with Fleming ultimately changing his view on Connery and incorporating aspects of his portrayal into the books.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "A Very Brady Christmas", "paragraph_text": "A Very Brady Christmas is a 1988 American made - for - television comedy - drama film starring the original cast members of the 1969 -- 1974 sitcom The Brady Bunch, with the exception of Susan Olsen, who was on her honeymoon at the time of filming and was replaced by Jennifer Runyon in the role of Cindy. Ron Kuhlman and Jerry Houser both reprised their characters from the short - lived 1981 sitcom The Brady Brides.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai", "paragraph_text": "This film is about Sooraj Dhanrajgir (Salman Khan), a rich playboy lightening the financial burden of his industrialist grandfather (Anupam Kher) by spending his riches on alcohol and women. His grandfather calls him for some official work back home, beginning with a hotel project in Ooty. There his true character emerges as he starts running after pretty women. The first one he lays his eyes on is Komal (Twinkle Khanna). He convinces her that she is his childhood friend and sweet-talks her into falling for him. But soon she sees him for the player he is and walks out on him.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Driving Miss Daisy (play)", "paragraph_text": "Character 1987 Off - Broadway cast 1st National Tour cast 2nd National Tour cast 1989 Film cast Original West End cast 2010 Broadway cast West End revival cast Australian Tour Cast Daisy Werthan Dana Ivey Julie Harris Rosemary Prinz Jessica Tandy Wendy Hiller Vanessa Redgrave Angela Lansbury Hoke Coleburn Morgan Freeman Brock Peters Ted Lange Morgan Freeman Clarke Peters James Earl Jones Boolie Werthan Ray Gill Stephen Root Fred Sanders Dan Aykroyd Barry Foster Boyd Gaines", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Hateful Eight", "paragraph_text": "The Hateful Eight (often marketed as The H8ful Eight) is a 2015 American western thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Walton Goggins, Demi\u00e1n Bichir, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern as eight strangers who seek refuge from a blizzard in a stagecoach stopover some time after the American Civil War.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mason Turner", "paragraph_text": "Mason Turner is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Taylor Glockner. The actor previously auditioned for guest roles on the show, but the producers decided to develop a long-term character specifically for him instead. Glockner's character, Mason, was created and introduced along with the Turner family, as part of a major overhaul of the show's cast. Glockner was given a two-year contract with \"Neighbours\" and he began filming his first scenes as Mason in November 2012. Glockner made his first screen appearance as Mason during the episode broadcast on 22 February 2013. In December 2013, it was announced that Glockner was to leave \"Neighbours\" and Mason departed on 28 February 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pootie Tang", "paragraph_text": "Pootie Tang is a 2001 American comedy film written and directed by Louis C.K. Adapted from a comedy sketch that first appeared on \"The Chris Rock Show\", the character Pootie Tang is a satire of the stereotyped characters who appeared in old blaxploitation films. The title character's speech, which vaguely resembles pidgin, is mostly unintelligible to the audience, but the other characters in the film have no problem understanding him.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid", "paragraph_text": "Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid is a 1982 neo-noir comedy-mystery film directed by Carl Reiner. Starring Steve Martin and Rachel Ward, the film is both a parody of and a homage to \"film noir\" and the pulp detective movies of the 1940s. The title refers to Martin's character telling a story about a woman obsessed with plaid in a scene that was ultimately cut from the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The War You Don't See", "paragraph_text": "The War You Don't See is a 2010 British documentary film written, produced and directed by John Pilger with Alan Lowery, which challenges the media for the role they played in the Iraq, Afghanistan, and Israel/Palestine conflicts. The film, which went on nationwide general release on , had its premiere at the Barbican and was aired through Britain's ITV1 on and later through Australia's SBS One on .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Aidan Foster", "paragraph_text": "Aidan Foster is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Bobby Morley. Both the character and Morley's casting was announced on 19 June 2011. The actor began filming his first scenes that same week. Aidan was introduced to \"Neighbours\" as a love interest for established character Chris Pappas (James Mason). Morley revealed that Aidan's sexuality did not affect his decision in accepting the role, as it does not define him. Morley was initially contracted for six months and he stated that he was happy to stay with the soap for longer. He made his first screen appearance as Aidan during the episode broadcast on 19 August 2011. Morley took a ten-week break from \"Neighbours\" in April 2012 to appear in the feature film, \"Blinder\". He made his final appearance as Aidan on 17 January 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Casablanca (film)", "paragraph_text": "Dooley Wilson as Sam. He was one of the few American - born members of the cast. A drummer, he had to fake playing the piano. Even after shooting had been completed, producer Wallis considered dubbing over Wilson's voice for the songs. He had originally considered changing the character to a woman and casting singers Hazel Scott, Lena Horne, or Ella Fitzgerald.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Deepwater Horizon (film)", "paragraph_text": "On August 19, 2014, casting began, with actor Mark Wahlberg added in the lead role of the film. Wahlberg plays Mike Williams, a real - life electronics technician on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. On March 18, 2015, Gina Rodriguez was set to play a woman named Andrea Fleytas, who was on the bridge on board the Deepwater Horizon at the time of the blowout, and frantically tried to contact the Coast Guard. On April 10, 2015, Deadline reported that Dylan O'Brien was in talks to play Caleb Holloway. Kurt Russell joined the film on the same day O'Brien was in talks. Soon after, John Malkovich was confirmed cast, as a BP representative who fatally underestimates the dangers of working on the rig. Kate Hudson was announced as a cast member in May, 2015, and playing the wife of Wahlberg's character; her role will be her first on - screen pairing with Russell, her stepfather, although they shared no dialogue in the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Now You See Him, Now You Don't", "paragraph_text": "Now You See Him, Now You Don't is a 1972 Walt Disney Productions film starring Kurt Russell as a chemistry student who accidentally discovers the secret to invisibility. It is the sequel to the 1969 film \"The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes\" and was followed by 1975's \"The Strongest Man in the World\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Monuriki", "paragraph_text": "Modriki Island was featured as the anonymous island in the 2000 Robert Zemeckis film, Cast Away, starring Tom Hanks (see below); some tourists and travel agents refer to Modriki as' Cast Away Island ', which is not to be confused with Castaway Island, or Qalito, an actual Fijian island within the Mamanuca Islands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Heavenly Days", "paragraph_text": "Heavenly Days is a 1944 film starring Fibber McGee and Molly. It was the third and final feature film to feature the popular radio characters; unlike the two previous entries, none of the radio show's supporting cast members appeared in this film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Kyle Abbott (The Young and the Restless)", "paragraph_text": "In March 2013, after a year in the role, Hood was let go and announced to be replaced by Hartley Sawyer. The soap opera had initially issued a casting call for a character named Connor Boyd, and due to his characteristics resembling that of Kyle, his casting was kept quiet. Hood stated that his ouster came as a shock to him. Sawyer made his debut on April 24, 2013. The character's six - year absence was criticized, and his age upon his 2010 return received unfavorable reviews. Hood was positively received in the role, and the decision to release him and replace him with Sawyer has also been criticized. Australian actor Lachlan Buchanan took claim of the role in 2015, making his first appearance on February 25 and departing on April 26, 2016. The role is presently portrayed by Michael Mealor, who made his first appearance as Kyle on March 29, 2018.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", "paragraph_text": "One day, Charlie sees a fifty - pence coin (dollar bill in the US version) buried in the snow. He then buys himself a Wonka Bar and finds the fifth golden ticket and shows it to his parents. The ticket says he can bring any family members with him to the factory and Charlie's parents decide to allow Grandpa Joe to go with him.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Simba", "paragraph_text": "Matthew Broderick provided the speaking voice of Adult Simba. The first actor to be assigned to The Lion King, Broderick learned of the role while he was on vacation in Ireland, where he received a telephone call from his agent informing him that the directors were interested in casting him as Simba. At the time, Broderick was well known for portraying the title character in Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986). The directors decided to cast him as Simba because they felt that he was ``perfect ''for the role; according to producer Don Hahn, Broderick's voice resembled`` the kind of character who could be irresponsible and likeable, but you also felt that he could come back in a very heroic way.'' Jonathan Taylor Thomas, who was starring as Randy Taylor on the television sitcom Home Improvement at the time, was cast as the speaking voice of Young Simba. His appearance and personality would later serve as creative inspiration for supervising animator Mark Henn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Basketball Wives LA", "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What other film is the cast member of Now You See Him, Now You Don't a character for?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 810411, "question": "Now You See Him, Now You Don't >> cast member", "answer": "Kurt Russell", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 159673, "question": "#1 is a character in which film?", "answer": "The Hateful Eight", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "The Hateful Eight", "answer_aliases": ["Hateful Eight"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2306}
{"id": "2hop__96062_159673", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Deepwater Horizon (film)", "paragraph_text": "On August 19, 2014, casting began, with actor Mark Wahlberg added in the lead role of the film. Wahlberg plays Mike Williams, a real - life electronics technician on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. On March 18, 2015, Gina Rodriguez was set to play a woman named Andrea Fleytas, who was on the bridge on board the Deepwater Horizon at the time of the blowout, and frantically tried to contact the Coast Guard. On April 10, 2015, Deadline reported that Dylan O'Brien was in talks to play Caleb Holloway. Kurt Russell joined the film on the same day O'Brien was in talks. Soon after, John Malkovich was confirmed cast, as a BP representative who fatally underestimates the dangers of working on the rig. Kate Hudson was announced as a cast member in May, 2015, and playing the wife of Wahlberg's character; her role will be her first on - screen pairing with Russell, her stepfather, although they shared no dialogue in the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "University Heights (film)", "paragraph_text": "University Heights is a 2004 film written and directed by Scott Beck and produced by Bryan Woods and Bluebox Limited Films. \"University Heights\" boasts a sweeping ensemble cast in the story of four lives on a college campus - a drug-dealing professor, a teacher struggling with his homosexuality, a drug-abusing student, and a bigot trying to escape his hateful tendencies. Chronicled with tales of love, loss, abuse, and frayed relationships, \"University Heights\" is ultimately a story of redemption. The film was shot entirely in Iowa and many scenes were filmed on at The University of Iowa. The film was subsequently recognized by MTV and the filmmakers signed a development deal with MTV Films.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Escape from L.A.", "paragraph_text": "Escape from L.A. (also known as John Carpenter's Escape from L.A. or Escape from Los Angeles) is a 1996 American postapocalyptic action film co-written, co-scored, and directed by John Carpenter, co-written and produced by Debra Hill and Kurt Russell, with Russell also starring as Snake Plissken. A sequel to \"Escape from New York\", \"Escape from L.A.\" co-stars Steve Buscemi, Stacy Keach, Bruce Campbell, and Pam Grier. The film received a mixed reception and was a box-office bomb.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "San Andreas (film)", "paragraph_text": "On October 14, 2013, Dwayne Johnson closed a deal to star in the film, playing the role of a helicopter pilot searching for his daughter after an earthquake. On February 4, 2014, Alexandra Daddario joined the cast. On March 12, 2014, Carla Gugino joined the cast, reuniting with Dwayne Johnson, with whom she starred in Race to Witch Mountain and Faster. On March 14, 2014, Game of Thrones actor Art Parkinson joined the film's cast. On April 1, 2014, Archie Panjabi joined the earthquake film. On April 5, 2014, Todd Williams also joined the film, to play Marcus Crowlings, an old Army friend of Johnson's character. On April 15, 2014, Colton Haynes was added to the cast of the film. On April 29, Ioan Gruffudd joined the cast of the film. Gruffudd played Daniel Reddick, a wealthy real estate developer who is dating Johnson's character's estranged wife. On May 28, Will Yun Lee joined the cast to play Dr. Kim Park, the co-director of the Caltech Seismology Lab in the film. On June 11, Australian singer and actress Kylie Minogue joined the film to play Gruffudd's sister.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Black Panther (film)", "paragraph_text": "Wesley Snipes expressed interest in working on a Black Panther film in 1992, but the project did not come to fruition. In September 2005, Marvel Studios announced a Black Panther film as one of ten based on Marvel characters and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Mark Bailey was hired to write a script in January 2011. Black Panther was announced in October 2014, and Boseman made his first appearance as the character in Captain America: Civil War (2016). By 2016, Cole and Coogler had joined; additional cast joined in May, making Black Panther the first Marvel film with a predominantly black cast. Principal photography took place from January to April 2017, at EUE / Screen Gems Studios in the Atlanta metropolitan area, and Busan, South Korea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Hateful Eight", "paragraph_text": "The Hateful Eight (often marketed as The H8ful Eight) is a 2015 American western thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Walton Goggins, Demi\u00e1n Bichir, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern as eight strangers who seek refuge from a blizzard in a stagecoach stopover some time after the American Civil War.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Heavenly Days", "paragraph_text": "Heavenly Days is a 1944 film starring Fibber McGee and Molly. It was the third and final feature film to feature the popular radio characters; unlike the two previous entries, none of the radio show's supporting cast members appeared in this film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Basketball Wives LA", "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Small Factory", "paragraph_text": "Small Factory was an American indie rock band formed in 1991 and based in Providence, R.I.. The group was well regarded as an exemplar of 1990s indie rock although they never achieved great success or influence. The band broke up in 1995, and Dave Auchenbach formed Flora Street, while the other two members continued working together as The Godrays. Phoebe Summersquash later voiced a character on the TV series Downtown, and in 2005 appeared in Sarah Silverman's film \"Jesus Is Magic.\" Alex Kemp moved to Chicago and formed the band Assassins with Joe Cassidy, Aaron Miller, Merritt Lear and David Golitko. After signing with the major label Arista, the album was subsequently never released as the label's president L.A. Reid was fired and the holding company, BMG, briefly closed the company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "One Tree Hill (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "Season six is the final season for original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Their characters, Lucas and Peyton, leave Tree Hill with their newborn baby in the finale.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Dumbledore's Army", "paragraph_text": "When Cho's friend Marietta Edgecombe betrays the group to Umbridge (Cho herself while under the influence of the truth potion Veritaserum in the film), Marietta is cursed with pimples on her face as a result of Hermione's casting a spell on the D.A. membership list. Later on, to prevent Harry's expulsion and the incrimination of other members, Dumbledore claims responsibility for organising the group, then escapes when Ministry officials attempt to arrest him. Though the D.A. stops meeting following these events, three members -- Ginny, Neville and Luna -- join Harry, Ron and Hermione in the battle in the Department of Mysteries towards the end of the fifth book. In Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince, Neville and Luna are distraught due to the fact that the D.A. no longer exists. When Hogwarts is invaded by Death Eaters, they are among the members who join the Order of the Phoenix in the ensuing battle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "French Connection II", "paragraph_text": "French Connection II is a 1975 action thriller film starring Gene Hackman and directed by John Frankenheimer. It is a fictional sequel to the initially true story of the 1971 Academy Award winning picture \"The French Connection\". The film expands on the central character of Det. Jimmy \"Popeye\" Doyle who travels to Marseille, France where he is attempting to track down French drug-dealer Alain Charnier, who escaped at the end of the first film. Hackman won an Academy Award for Best Actor for the original \"The French Connection\" and he and Fernando Rey are the only returning cast members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Leterrier", "paragraph_text": "Fran\u00e7ois Leterrier, born 26 May 1929 in Margny-l\u00e8s-Compi\u00e8gne, is a French film director and actor. He entered the film industry when he was cast in Robert Bresson's film \"A Man Escaped\". After this he went on to become a director himself.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Casablanca (film)", "paragraph_text": "Dooley Wilson as Sam. He was one of the few American - born members of the cast. A drummer, he had to fake playing the piano. Even after shooting had been completed, producer Wallis considered dubbing over Wilson's voice for the songs. He had originally considered changing the character to a woman and casting singers Hazel Scott, Lena Horne, or Ella Fitzgerald.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Cult of Chucky", "paragraph_text": "Cult of Chucky is a 2017 American supernatural psychological slasher film written and directed by Don Mancini. The seventh installment of the franchise, following the 2013 film Curse of Chucky, it stars Brad Dourif as Chucky, with a supporting cast of Fiona Dourif, Alex Vincent, Jennifer Tilly and Summer H. Howell -- all of whom are returning cast members from the previous six installments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "Imogen Willis", "paragraph_text": "Imogen Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Ariel Kaplan. The actress was cast in the role after a quick process, in which she auditioned once and attended a screen test. She began filming her first scenes in early February 2013. Kaplan's character and her family were created and introduced to \"Neighbours\", as part of an ongoing overhaul of the show's cast and renewed focus on family units within the show. She made her first screen appearance during \"Episode 6646\", which was broadcast on 20 May 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Driving Miss Daisy (play)", "paragraph_text": "Character 1987 Off - Broadway cast 1st National Tour cast 2nd National Tour cast 1989 Film cast Original West End cast 2010 Broadway cast West End revival cast Australian Tour Cast Daisy Werthan Dana Ivey Julie Harris Rosemary Prinz Jessica Tandy Wendy Hiller Vanessa Redgrave Angela Lansbury Hoke Coleburn Morgan Freeman Brock Peters Ted Lange Morgan Freeman Clarke Peters James Earl Jones Boolie Werthan Ray Gill Stephen Root Fred Sanders Dan Aykroyd Barry Foster Boyd Gaines", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "A Very Brady Christmas", "paragraph_text": "A Very Brady Christmas is a 1988 American made - for - television comedy - drama film starring the original cast members of the 1969 -- 1974 sitcom The Brady Bunch, with the exception of Susan Olsen, who was on her honeymoon at the time of filming and was replaced by Jennifer Runyon in the role of Cindy. Ron Kuhlman and Jerry Houser both reprised their characters from the short - lived 1981 sitcom The Brady Brides.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "EastEnders", "paragraph_text": "As of May 2018, Adam Woodyatt, Gillian Taylforth and Letitia Dean are the only members of the original cast remaining in the show, in their roles of Ian Beale, Kathy Beale and Sharon Watts respectively. Ian Beale is the only character to have appeared continuously from the first episode without officially leaving, and is the longest - serving character in EastEnders. Dot Cotton is the longest - serving female character in the show having served since 1985, whilst Pat Butcher is the longest - serving former character, appearing from 1986 until 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Man on a Tightrope", "paragraph_text": "Man on a Tightrope is a 1953 American film directed by Elia Kazan, starring Fredric March, Terry Moore and Gloria Grahame. It was entered into the 3rd Berlin International Film Festival. The screenplay by Robert E. Sherwood was based on a 1952 novel of the same title by Neil Paterson. Paterson based his true story, which first appeared as the magazine novelette \"International Incident\", on the escape of the Circus Brumbach from East Germany in 1950. Members of the Circus Brumbach appeared in the film version in both character roles and as extras.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "What other movie did the cast member of Escape from L.A. play a character in?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 96062, "question": "Who is in Escape from L.A. as a cast member?", "answer": "Kurt Russell", "paragraph_support_idx": 2}, {"id": 159673, "question": "#1 is a character in which film?", "answer": "The Hateful Eight", "paragraph_support_idx": 5}], "answer": "The Hateful Eight", "answer_aliases": ["Hateful Eight"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2459}
{"id": "2hop__203985_524737", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Canadian Football League", "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Football League (CFL; French: Ligue canadienne de football, LCF) is a professional sports league in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football. Its nine teams, which are located in nine separate cities, are divided into two divisions: the East Division, with four teams, and the West Division with five teams.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sacramento Kings", "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": "As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Vermont Lady Voltage", "paragraph_text": "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women\u2019s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Premier League", "paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Wes Schulmerich", "paragraph_text": "Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 \u2013 June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Montreal Impact", "paragraph_text": "The Montreal Impact () is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer (MLS). The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league, being the league's third Canadian club, and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Green Bay Packers", "paragraph_text": "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "San Jose Earthquakes", "paragraph_text": "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose, California, United States, that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer (MLS). The franchise began play in 1996 (originally as the San Jose Clash) as one of the charter clubs of the league. The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history, defeating D.C. United 1\u20130. The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles, in 2001 and 2003, and two Supporters' Shields in 2005 and 2012. In 2002, the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup (now called the CONCACAF Champions League), making it to the quarterfinals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Premier League", "paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Tom Liner", "paragraph_text": "Tom Liner (born November 27, 1970, in Redwood City, California) is a former U.S. soccer goalkeeper who currently coaches the Foothill College men\u2019s soccer team. He played two seasons in Major League Soccer with the San Jose Clash as well as in the USISL and lower Austrian divisions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club", "paragraph_text": "The Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club was formed in the mid-1960s as an attachment to St Patrick's Marist College Dundas' sports auxiliary for weekend rugby league within the Balmain Junior Rugby League competition. In the mid-1990s the school sports auxiliary ceased to exist and the club was rechristened the Dundas Shamrocks. The club has been a member of the Balmain Junior Rugby League since its inception in the 1960s and provides teams for age groups from under 6's to A-Grade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Tucson Amigos", "paragraph_text": "The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. Founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer a local business owner of the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Jose Miranda (soccer)", "paragraph_text": "In 1989, Miranda joined the Tucson Amigos for the 1989\u201390 Southwest Independent Soccer League. He earned Rookie of the Year honors with the Amigos. Miranda graduated from Sunnyside High School. In 1990, Miranda entered Yavapai College where he was a member of the 1990 National Junior College Champions and 1991 National Junior College Runner-Up men\u2019s soccer teams. He then transferred to Sangamon State for the 1992 and 1993 seasons. In 1993, Sangamon State won the NAIA national men's soccer championship. In 1996, Miranda played for the New Mexico Chiles in the USISL Select League. In 1997, he moved to the Arizona Sahuaros of the USISL D-3 Pro League. He broke his leg during the season. This led to his taking the boy\u2019s head coaching position at Sunnyside High School. He returned to playing in 2000 with the Tucson Fireballs. In 2009, Miranda became an assistant coach of the women\u2019s team at Pima Community College.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 15, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League (NL), eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season. Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, which also began play in the NL in 1876 as the Boston Red Stockings (Major League Baseball does not officially recognize the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "Wes Hart", "paragraph_text": "Wes Hart (born September 14, 1977, in Hollister, California) is an American soccer coach, and the current head coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide women's soccer team. Hart played six season in Major League Soccer as a defender with the Colorado Rapids and San Jose Earthquakes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Kalamazoo Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "Kalamazoo Kingdom were an American soccer team, founded in 1996. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2006, when the team left the league and the franchise was terminated.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "In what league did Jose Miranda's team compete?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 203985, "question": "Jose Miranda >> member of sports team", "answer": "Tucson Amigos", "paragraph_support_idx": 14}, {"id": 524737, "question": "#1 >> league", "answer": "United Soccer League", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}], "answer": "United Soccer League", "answer_aliases": ["Southwest Independent Soccer League", "USISL", "SISL", "United Soccer Leagues", "USL"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2143}
{"id": "2hop__77832_159673", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Wild Geese II", "paragraph_text": "Wild Geese II is a 1985 British action-thriller film directed by Peter Hunt, based on the 1982 novel \"The Square Circle\" by Daniel Carney, in which a group of mercenaries are hired to spring Rudolf Hess from Spandau Prison in Berlin. The film is a sequel to the 1978 film \"The Wild Geese\", which was also produced by Euan Lloyd and adapted from a novel by Carney. Actor Richard Burton, who starred in the first film as Colonel Allen Faulkner, was planning to reprise his role for the sequel, but he died days before filming began. The sequel has Faulkner's brother (played by Edward Fox) as one of the mercenaries. No characters from the original are featured in the sequel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "A Daughter of the Gods", "paragraph_text": "A Daughter of the Gods was a 1916 American silent fantasy drama film written and directed by Herbert Brenon. The film was controversial because of the sequences of what was regarded as superfluous nudity by the character Anitia, played by Australian swimming star Annette Kellermann. The scene is regarded as the first complete nude scene by a major star, which occurred during a waterfall sequence, though most of Kellerman's body is covered by her long hair. It was filmed by Fox Film Corporation in Kingston, Jamaica, where huge sets were constructed, and directed by Herbert Brenon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Key Exchange", "paragraph_text": "Key Exchange is a 1985 American romantic comedy film directed by Barnet Kellman and starring Brooke Adams as Lisa. The film is based on a play by Kevin Wade. The film was released by 20th Century Fox on August 14, 1985.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Tina Majorino", "paragraph_text": "In 2012, she reprised her role as Deb in the animated TV version of Napoleon Dynamite. She was also seen playing the role of the vampire Molly in Season 5 of the HBO television series True Blood, an uncredited role as a pregnant woman in the Fox show, Raising Hope, in an episode titled ``Tarot Cards, ''and the role of intern Dr. Heather Brooks in Season 9 of the ABC series Grey's Anatomy, with her character being killed off in the two - part premiere of Season 10. In 2014 she appeared in the Veronica Mars film as her character Mac, a project financed by fans through Kickstarter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "A Touch of Spice", "paragraph_text": "is a 2003 Greek film directed by Tassos Boulmetis and starring Georges Corraface as the character of the adult Fanis Iakovides. The character of Fanis Iakovides as a child is played by Markos Osse and the supporting role of Fanis's grandfather, Vassilis, is played by Tassos Bandis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Br'er Fox and Br'er Bear", "paragraph_text": "Br'er Fox and Br'er Bear (also spelled Brer Fox and Brer Bear, ) are fictional characters from the Uncle Remus folktales adapted and compiled by Joel Chandler Harris.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Basset Hound", "paragraph_text": "Basset Hound Tan and white Basset Hound Common nicknames Basset, Hush Puppy Origin Great Britain France (hide) Traits Weight male: 25 -- 34 kg (55 -- 75 lb) female: 20 -- 29 kg (45 -- 65 lb) Height male: 30 -- 38 cm (12 -- 15 in) female: 28 -- 36 cm (11 -- 14 in) Coat Smooth, short and close Colour Generally black, white and tan (tri-colour) or tan / lemon and white (bi-colour); but any recognised hound colour acceptable. Litter size 6 -- 8 puppies Life span Median 10 -- 12 years (hide) Classification / standards FCI Group 6, Section 1.3 Scenthounds: Small # 163 standard AKC Hound standard ANKC Group 4 (Hounds) standard CKC Group 2 (Hounds) standard KC (UK) Hound standard NZKC Hounds standard UKC Scenthound standard Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pensacola Flyers", "paragraph_text": "The Pensacola Flyers were an American professional indoor soccer team based in Pensacola, Florida. They played their home games in the Pensacola Civic Center. They were members of the Eastern Indoor Soccer League and played only during the 1998 season. During the 1997 season, the team played at the Tupelo Coliseum in Tupelo, Mississippi, as the Tupelo Hound Dogs then relocated to Pensacola during the offseason.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Fantastic Four in film", "paragraph_text": "Constantin Film bought the film rights for the characters in 1986. A low - budget film was produced in 1992 by New Horizon Studios owned by Roger Corman. In 2004, with a distribution deal from 20th Century Fox, a second Fantastic Four film entered production. Fantastic Four was released in 2005 and the sequel Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer was released in 2007. Both films received mixed to negative reviews from critics, yet earned a combined US $619 million worldwide at the box office. Due to 20th Century Fox's disappointment with the box - office return of Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, a potential third Fantastic Four film and a Silver Surfer spin - off film were canceled.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Fox and the Hound", "paragraph_text": "The Fox and the Hound is a 1981 American animated drama film produced by Walt Disney Productions and loosely based on the novel of the same name by Daniel P. Mannix. The 24th Disney animated feature film, the film tells the story of two unlikely friends, a red fox named Tod and a hound dog named Copper, who struggle to preserve their friendship despite their emerging instincts and the surrounding social pressures demanding them to be adversaries. Directed by Ted Berman, Richard Rich, and Art Stevens, the film features the voices of Mickey Rooney, Kurt Russell, Pearl Bailey, Jack Albertson, Sandy Duncan, Jeanette Nolan, Pat Buttram, John Fiedler, John McIntire, Dick Bakalyan, Paul Winchell, Keith Mitchell, and Corey Feldman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "Martin Riggs", "paragraph_text": "Martin Riggs is a fictional character from the \"Lethal Weapon\" film series. Riggs was originally played by Mel Gibson in all four films from 1987 to 1998, and later by Clayne Crawford in the Fox television series from 2016 to 2018.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "List of Carry On films cast members", "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Williams (25 films, and co-presenting That's Carry On!) played a range of character types, nearly always a lead character. Early roles were rather strait - laced, he then sometimes played his snide character: quite slimy and smarmy with a distinctive nasal voice. Later the haughty, proud and easily outraged elitist became more frequent and Williams' best known character type. Williams sometimes played characters of other nationalities, such as in Up the Khyber. In some roles, when not actually playing his role in snide mode, Williams might deliver a single joke using his snide voice. A running gag in many of the films was that Williams' character would be embroiled in an extra-marital affair with that of Hattie Jacques -- this plot device was used to greatest effect in the hospital based films, which gave rise to Williams' famous catchphrase ``ohhh Matron! ''.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "Undead and Unappreciated", "paragraph_text": "Undead and Unappreciated is the third novel in the Undead series by MaryJanice Davidson. The breezily written paranormal romance novel is told from the point of view of Betsy Taylor, reluctant Vampire Queen and not-so-reluctant shoe-hound, and introduces a major character to the series: Laura, Betsy's half-sister and the daughter of the Devil herself.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "The Fox and the Hound", "paragraph_text": "Mickey Rooney as Tod Kurt Russell as Copper Pearl Bailey as Big Mama Jack Albertson as Amos Slade Sandy Duncan as Vixey Jeanette Nolan as Widow Tweed Pat Buttram as Chief John Fiedler as The Porcupine John McIntire as The Badger Dick Bakalyan as Dinky Paul Winchell as Boomer Keith Coogan as Young Tod Corey Feldman as Young Copper", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Charlie Chan in Shanghai", "paragraph_text": "Charlie Chan in Shanghai is the ninth Charlie Chan film produced by Fox with the title character played by Warner Oland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "What-a-Mess", "paragraph_text": "What-a-Mess is a series of children's books written by British comedy writer Frank Muir and illustrated by Joseph Wright. The title character is a dishevelled (hence his nickname), accident-prone Afghan Hound puppy, whose real name is Prince Amir of Kinjan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Tom Ellis (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Thomas John Ellis (born 17 November 1978) is a Welsh actor. He is known for playing the title character Lucifer in Fox's Lucifer and as Gary Preston in Miranda.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "The Hateful Eight", "paragraph_text": "The Hateful Eight (often marketed as The H8ful Eight) is a 2015 American western thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Walton Goggins, Demi\u00e1n Bichir, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern as eight strangers who seek refuge from a blizzard in a stagecoach stopover some time after the American Civil War.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 18, "title": "The Fox and the Hound", "paragraph_text": "The Fox and the Hound is a 1981 American animated drama film produced by Walt Disney Productions and loosely based on the novel of the same name by Daniel P. Mannix. The film tells the story of two unlikely friends, a red fox named Tod and a hound dog named Copper, who struggle to preserve their friendship despite their emerging instincts and the surrounding social pressures demanding them to be adversaries. Directed by Ted Berman, Richard Rich and Art Stevens, the film included the voices of Mickey Rooney, Kurt Russell, Keith Mitchell and Corey Feldman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 19, "title": "Roger Murtaugh", "paragraph_text": "Roger Murtaugh is a fictional character in the \"Lethal Weapon\" film series. Murtaugh was originally played by Danny Glover in all four films from 1987 to 1998, and later by Damon Wayans in the Fox television series from 2016 to 2019.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "The actor who plays copper in Fox and the Hound is a character in which film?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 77832, "question": "who plays copper in fox and the hound", "answer": "Kurt Russell", "paragraph_support_idx": 13}, {"id": 159673, "question": "#1 is a character in which film?", "answer": "The Hateful Eight", "paragraph_support_idx": 17}], "answer": "The Hateful Eight", "answer_aliases": ["Hateful Eight"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 1938}
{"id": "2hop__527400_159673", "paragraphs": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Driving Miss Daisy (play)", "paragraph_text": "Character 1987 Off - Broadway cast 1st National Tour cast 2nd National Tour cast 1989 Film cast Original West End cast 2010 Broadway cast West End revival cast Australian Tour Cast Daisy Werthan Dana Ivey Julie Harris Rosemary Prinz Jessica Tandy Wendy Hiller Vanessa Redgrave Angela Lansbury Hoke Coleburn Morgan Freeman Brock Peters Ted Lange Morgan Freeman Clarke Peters James Earl Jones Boolie Werthan Ray Gill Stephen Root Fred Sanders Dan Aykroyd Barry Foster Boyd Gaines", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Basketball Wives LA", "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chinese characters", "paragraph_text": "Chinese character dictionaries often allow users to locate entries in several ways. Many Chinese, Japanese, and Korean dictionaries of Chinese characters list characters in radical order: characters are grouped together by radical, and radicals containing fewer strokes come before radicals containing more strokes (radical-and-stroke sorting). Under each radical, characters are listed by their total number of strokes. It is often also possible to search for characters by sound, using pinyin (in Chinese dictionaries), zhuyin (in Taiwanese dictionaries), kana (in Japanese dictionaries) or hangul (in Korean dictionaries). Most dictionaries also allow searches by total number of strokes, and individual dictionaries often allow other search methods as well.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "One Tree Hill (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "Season six is the final season for original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Their characters, Lucas and Peyton, leave Tree Hill with their newborn baby in the finale.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "A Very Brady Christmas", "paragraph_text": "A Very Brady Christmas is a 1988 American made - for - television comedy - drama film starring the original cast members of the 1969 -- 1974 sitcom The Brady Bunch, with the exception of Susan Olsen, who was on her honeymoon at the time of filming and was replaced by Jennifer Runyon in the role of Cindy. Ron Kuhlman and Jerry Houser both reprised their characters from the short - lived 1981 sitcom The Brady Brides.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Jenna Boyd", "paragraph_text": "Jenna Boyd was born in Bedford, Texas and moved with her parents and younger brother Cayden (also an actor) to Los Angeles to pursue her acting career. After a few small roles on television and film, Boyd's big break came when she was cast in The Missing, alongside Cate Blanchett and Evan Rachel Wood. Boyd's performance was praised in critical reviews of this film, although the film itself was not particularly well received. Previously she had been in Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star playing the daughter of a family hired by the title character (David Spade) to help him recapture his childhood. In 2005 Boyd played the Leukemia - suffering Bailey Graffman in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. Her recent roles include the Lifetime miniseries The Gathering in which she played the daughter of a doctor (Peter Gallagher) searching for his wife and in the Ghost Whisperer episode ``Children of Ghosts ''she played a troubled teenager living in a foster home. In 2017, she played Paige Hardaway, the`` practice girlfriend'' of the autistic main character, Sam Gardner, in the Netflix Original Series Atypical.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Hateful Eight", "paragraph_text": "The Hateful Eight (often marketed as The H8ful Eight) is a 2015 American western thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Walton Goggins, Demi\u00e1n Bichir, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern as eight strangers who seek refuge from a blizzard in a stagecoach stopover some time after the American Civil War.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "States of Grace", "paragraph_text": "States of Grace (also known as God's Army 2: States of Grace) is a 2005 drama film directed by Richard Dutcher and starring Lucas Fleischer, Jeffrey Scott Kelly, and J. J. Boone. It tells the story of two Mormon missionaries in Santa Monica, California. While it features none of the original main characters from \"God's Army\", it is set in the same location and has some of the original secondary characters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Heavenly Days", "paragraph_text": "Heavenly Days is a 1944 film starring Fibber McGee and Molly. It was the third and final feature film to feature the popular radio characters; unlike the two previous entries, none of the radio show's supporting cast members appeared in this film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Casablanca (film)", "paragraph_text": "Dooley Wilson as Sam. He was one of the few American - born members of the cast. A drummer, he had to fake playing the piano. Even after shooting had been completed, producer Wallis considered dubbing over Wilson's voice for the songs. He had originally considered changing the character to a woman and casting singers Hazel Scott, Lena Horne, or Ella Fitzgerald.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 10, "title": "French Connection II", "paragraph_text": "French Connection II is a 1975 action thriller film starring Gene Hackman and directed by John Frankenheimer. It is a fictional sequel to the initially true story of the 1971 Academy Award winning picture \"The French Connection\". The film expands on the central character of Det. Jimmy \"Popeye\" Doyle who travels to Marseille, France where he is attempting to track down French drug-dealer Alain Charnier, who escaped at the end of the first film. Hackman won an Academy Award for Best Actor for the original \"The French Connection\" and he and Fernando Rey are the only returning cast members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 11, "title": "Cult of Chucky", "paragraph_text": "Cult of Chucky is a 2017 American supernatural psychological slasher film written and directed by Don Mancini. The seventh installment of the franchise, following the 2013 film Curse of Chucky, it stars Brad Dourif as Chucky, with a supporting cast of Fiona Dourif, Alex Vincent, Jennifer Tilly and Summer H. Howell -- all of whom are returning cast members from the previous six installments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 12, "title": "The Conman", "paragraph_text": "The Conman is a 1998 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Wong Jing and starring Andy Lau, Athena Chu and Nick Cheung. Despite the Chinese title, which translates as \"Knight of Gamblers 1999\", Andy Lau does not reprise his role as the \"Knight of Gamblers\" from the \"God of Gamblers\" series, which was also directed by Wong Jing. The film was followed by a sequel \"The Conmen in Vegas\", which Lau and Cheung return with new cast members Natalis Chan, Kelly Lin, Meggie Yu and Alex Man.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 13, "title": "Jenna Boyd", "paragraph_text": "Jenna Boyd was born in Bedford, Texas and moved with her parents and younger brother Cayden (also an actor) to Los Angeles to pursue her acting career. After a few small roles on television and film, Boyd's big break came when she was cast in The Missing, alongside Cate Blanchett and Evan Rachel Wood. Boyd's performance was praised in critical reviews of this film, although the film itself was not particularly well received. Previously she had been in Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star playing the daughter of a family hired by the title character (David Spade) to help him recapture his childhood. In 2005 Boyd played the Leukemia - suffering Bailey Graffman in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. Her recent roles include the Lifetime miniseries The Gathering in which she played the daughter of a doctor (Peter Gallagher) searching for his wife and in the Ghost Whisperer episode ``Children of Ghosts ''she played a troubled teenager living in a foster home. In 2017, she played Paige Hardaway, the`` practice girlfriend'' of the autistic main character, Sam Gardener, in the Netflix Original Series Atypical.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 14, "title": "Devara Naadalli", "paragraph_text": "Devara Naadalli (, \"In God's Own Country\") is a 2016 Indian Kannada language political thriller film written and directed by B. Suresha, inspired by an article that appeared on \"The Times of India\" in 1998, of an incident that occurred in a town in coastal Karnataka. It features an ensemble cast of Prakash Raj, Achyuth Kumar, Mandya Ramesh and Sihi Kahi Chandru.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 15, "title": "The Jade Pussycat", "paragraph_text": "The Jade Pussycat is a 1977 pornographic film starring John Holmes. The plot of the film focuses on the search for a priceless jade carving from 13th century China known as \"The Jade Pussycat\". The character of \"Johnny Wadd\" is sent to find the Jade Pussycat and find the thieves who stole the item from a museum in Japan. During the search, Mr. Wadd is met by many lustful women. The film is set mainly in San Francisco's Chinatown.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 16, "title": "Deepwater Horizon (film)", "paragraph_text": "On August 19, 2014, casting began, with actor Mark Wahlberg added in the lead role of the film. Wahlberg plays Mike Williams, a real - life electronics technician on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. On March 18, 2015, Gina Rodriguez was set to play a woman named Andrea Fleytas, who was on the bridge on board the Deepwater Horizon at the time of the blowout, and frantically tried to contact the Coast Guard. On April 10, 2015, Deadline reported that Dylan O'Brien was in talks to play Caleb Holloway. Kurt Russell joined the film on the same day O'Brien was in talks. Soon after, John Malkovich was confirmed cast, as a BP representative who fatally underestimates the dangers of working on the rig. Kate Hudson was announced as a cast member in May, 2015, and playing the wife of Wahlberg's character; her role will be her first on - screen pairing with Russell, her stepfather, although they shared no dialogue in the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 17, "title": "EastEnders", "paragraph_text": "As of May 2018, Adam Woodyatt, Gillian Taylforth and Letitia Dean are the only members of the original cast remaining in the show, in their roles of Ian Beale, Kathy Beale and Sharon Watts respectively. Ian Beale is the only character to have appeared continuously from the first episode without officially leaving, and is the longest - serving character in EastEnders. Dot Cotton is the longest - serving female character in the show having served since 1985, whilst Pat Butcher is the longest - serving former character, appearing from 1986 until 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 18, "title": "Search for the Gods", "paragraph_text": "Search for the Gods is a 1975 television film directed by Jud Taylor, and stars Kurt Russell and Stephen McHattie. It was intended to be the pilot episode of a TV series that never made it into production.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 19, "title": "San Andreas (film)", "paragraph_text": "On October 14, 2013, Dwayne Johnson closed a deal to star in the film, playing the role of a helicopter pilot searching for his daughter after an earthquake. On February 4, 2014, Alexandra Daddario joined the cast. On March 12, 2014, Carla Gugino joined the cast, reuniting with Dwayne Johnson, with whom she starred in Race to Witch Mountain and Faster. On March 14, 2014, Game of Thrones actor Art Parkinson joined the film's cast. On April 1, 2014, Archie Panjabi joined the earthquake film. On April 5, 2014, Todd Williams also joined the film, to play Marcus Crowlings, an old Army friend of Johnson's character. On April 15, 2014, Colton Haynes was added to the cast of the film. On April 29, Ioan Gruffudd joined the cast of the film. Gruffudd played Daniel Reddick, a wealthy real estate developer who is dating Johnson's character's estranged wife. On May 28, Will Yun Lee joined the cast to play Dr. Kim Park, the co-director of the Caltech Seismology Lab in the film. On June 11, Australian singer and actress Kylie Minogue joined the film to play Gruffudd's sister.", "is_supporting": false}], "question": "This cast member in \"Search for the Gods\" also plays a character in which film?", "question_decomposition": [{"id": 527400, "question": "Search for the Gods >> cast member", "answer": "Kurt Russell", "paragraph_support_idx": 18}, {"id": 159673, "question": "#1 is a character in which film?", "answer": "The Hateful Eight", "paragraph_support_idx": 6}], "answer": "The Hateful Eight", "answer_aliases": ["Hateful Eight"], "answerable": true, "token_count": 2426}