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"original_study": {
"claim": {
"hypothesis": "Given these historical patterns, we may well expect lower castes to fair better in villages where no upper castes are present.",
"hypothesis_location": "Section: Introduction; p. 240",
"statement": "...lower castes fair significantly better, in terms of household income, if they reside in villages where a lower caste is dominant.",
"statement_location": "Section 2: Household Outcomes by Caste Dominance; p.247",
"study_type": "Observational"
},
"data": {
"source": "World Bank survey data on Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in India",
"wave_or_subset": "NA",
"sample_size": "2,250",
"unit_of_analysis": "household",
"access_details": "Access details (e.g., restrictions, request process)",
"notes": "not stated"
},
"method": {
"description": "The author uses fixed effects regression analysis to explore the effect of being a low caste member in a village dominated by the lower caste on crop income.",
"steps": "(1) Clean the data; (2) construct the Caste Dominance measure by landownership percentage for the castes; (3) Estimate the effects using regression analysis.",
"models": "Fixed effects regression",
"outcome_variable": "crop income per acre of total land",
"independent_variables": "Caste Dominance",
"control_variables": "Exogenous household characteristics (such as education, land ownership, and caste identity); district fixed effects; state fixed effects.",
"tools_software": "not stated"
},
"results": {
"summary": "...lower castes fair significantly better, in terms of household income, if they reside in villages where a lower caste is dominant…The estimation results…confirm the robustness of the positive relationship between agricultural income and residing in a low-caste dominated village.",
"numerical_results": [
{
"outcome_name": "Household Crop Income",
"value": "566.5",
"unit": "",
"effect_size": "",
"confidence_interval": {
"lower": "not stated",
"upper": "not stated",
"level": "not stated"
},
"p_value": "<0.01",
"statistical_significance": "1% level",
"direction": "Positive",
"notes": "No confidence intervals, but robust standard errors are reported (209.0)."
}
]
},
"metadata": {
"original_paper_id": "10.1257/app.3.1.239",
"original_paper_title": "Caste as an Impediment to Trade",
"original_paper_code": "http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/app.3.1.239",
"original_paper_data": "http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/app.3.1.239"
}
}
}
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