File size: 11,600 Bytes
204f58d
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
# Replication of:
# "The Cultural Divide in Europe: Migration, Multiculturalism, and Political Trust"
# by Lauren M. McLaren
# World Politics, Volume 64, Issue 2April 2012 , pp. 199-241
# DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887112000032
# 
# Data analysis code
# June 26, 2020
#
# Marta Kolczynska, mkolczynska@gmail.com

# 1. SETUP ----------

sessionInfo()

# R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29)
# Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
# Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 18362)
# 
# Matrix products: default
# 
# locale:
#   [1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252  LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252    LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
# [4] LC_NUMERIC=C                           LC_TIME=English_United States.1252    
# 
# attached base packages:
#   [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
# 
# loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
#   [1] compiler_3.6.3 tools_3.6.3    packrat_0.5.0 


## 1.1. Packages ----------

library(lme4) # for estimating multi-level models
library(mice) # for imputation and analyzing imputed data


# 2. Reading in the data ----------

# complete-case survey data
data_clean_5pct <- readRDS("data_clean_5pct.rds")

# imputed data
data_imp_5pct <- readRDS("data_imp_5pct.rds")


# 3. Analyses -----------

## 3.1 Main analysis (complete cases, weights) -----------

m1 <- lmer(trstprl_rev ~ imm_concern + happy_rev + stflife_rev + sclmeet_rev + distrust_soc +
             stfeco_rev + hincfel + stfhlth_rev + stfedu_rev +
             vote_gov + vote_frparty + lrscale + hhinc_std + agea + educ + female + 
             vote_share_fr + socexp + lt_imm_cntry + wgi + gdppc + unemp + (1 | cntry),
           weights = pspwght,
           data = data_clean_5pct)

summary(m1)


# Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
# Formula: trstprl_rev ~ imm_concern + happy_rev + stflife_rev + sclmeet_rev +  
#   distrust_soc + stfeco_rev + hincfel + stfhlth_rev + stfedu_rev +  
#   vote_gov + vote_frparty + lrscale + hhinc_std + agea + educ +  
#   female + vote_share_fr + socexp + lt_imm_cntry + wgi + gdppc +      unemp + (1 | cntry)
# Data: data_clean_5pct
# Weights: pspwght
# 
# REML criterion at convergence: 3694.5
# 
# Scaled residuals: 
#   Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
# -3.5752 -0.6246 -0.0678  0.5711  3.5389 
# 
# Random effects:
#   Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
# cntry    (Intercept) 0.0292   0.1709  
# Residual             3.3620   1.8336  
# Number of obs: 858, groups:  cntry, 13
# 
# Fixed effects:
#   Estimate Std. Error t value
# (Intercept)    3.246e+00  9.812e-01   3.308
# imm_concern    1.797e-01  3.864e-02   4.651
# happy_rev     -8.221e-02  5.449e-02  -1.509
# stflife_rev    1.577e-01  5.239e-02   3.009
# sclmeet_rev    8.809e-02  4.717e-02   1.868
# distrust_soc   6.500e-02  4.605e-02   1.412
# stfeco_rev     2.367e-01  3.805e-02   6.221
# hincfel        3.787e-02  1.001e-01   0.378
# stfhlth_rev    1.117e-02  3.419e-02   0.327
# stfedu_rev     1.281e-01  3.599e-02   3.560
# vote_gov1     -4.757e-01  1.401e-01  -3.394
# vote_frparty1  2.782e-01  3.601e-01   0.773
# lrscale       -3.453e-02  3.403e-02  -1.015
# hhinc_std     -1.384e-01  8.175e-02  -1.693
# agea          -4.726e-03  3.932e-03  -1.202
# educ          -1.021e-01  5.105e-02  -2.000
# female        -2.457e-02  1.321e-01  -0.186
# vote_share_fr -6.641e-02  3.264e-02  -2.034
# socexp        -9.360e-05  9.134e-05  -1.025
# lt_imm_cntry  -9.512e-01  6.520e-01  -1.459
# wgi           -4.637e-01  5.646e-01  -0.821
# gdppc          7.341e-05  2.792e-05   2.630
# unemp         -1.136e-01  5.120e-02  -2.219
# 
# Correlation matrix not shown by default, as p = 23 > 12.
# Use print(x, correlation=TRUE)  or
# vcov(x)        if you need it
# 
# fit warnings:
#   Some predictor variables are on very different scales: consider rescaling


## 3.2 Auxiliary analysis 1 (complete cases, no weights) -----------

m2 <- lmer(trstprl_rev ~ imm_concern + happy_rev + stflife_rev + sclmeet_rev + distrust_soc +
             stfeco_rev + hincfel + stfhlth_rev + stfedu_rev +
             vote_gov + vote_frparty + lrscale + hhinc_std + agea + educ + female + 
             vote_share_fr + socexp + lt_imm_cntry + wgi + gdppc + unemp + (1 | cntry),
           data = data_clean_5pct)

summary(m2)

# Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
# Formula: trstprl_rev ~ imm_concern + happy_rev + stflife_rev + sclmeet_rev +  
#   distrust_soc + stfeco_rev + hincfel + stfhlth_rev + stfedu_rev +  
#   vote_gov + vote_frparty + lrscale + hhinc_std + agea + educ +  
#   female + vote_share_fr + socexp + lt_imm_cntry + wgi + gdppc +      unemp + (1 | cntry)
# Data: data_clean_5pct
# 
# REML criterion at convergence: 3627.7
# 
# Scaled residuals: 
#   Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
# -3.6483 -0.6477 -0.0737  0.6150  2.9536 
# 
# Random effects:
#   Groups   Name        Variance Std.Dev.
# cntry    (Intercept) 0.00     0.000   
# Residual             3.58     1.892   
# Number of obs: 858, groups:  cntry, 13
# 
# Fixed effects:
#   Estimate Std. Error t value
# (Intercept)    2.980e+00  8.623e-01   3.455
# imm_concern    2.145e-01  3.925e-02   5.465
# happy_rev     -1.045e-01  5.506e-02  -1.897
# stflife_rev    1.505e-01  5.354e-02   2.811
# sclmeet_rev    8.803e-02  4.746e-02   1.855
# distrust_soc   8.275e-02  4.640e-02   1.784
# stfeco_rev     2.582e-01  3.798e-02   6.796
# hincfel        3.160e-02  1.001e-01   0.316
# stfhlth_rev    5.227e-02  3.535e-02   1.479
# stfedu_rev     9.396e-02  3.623e-02   2.593
# vote_gov1     -3.669e-01  1.404e-01  -2.613
# vote_frparty1  2.402e-01  3.846e-01   0.624
# lrscale       -5.029e-02  3.483e-02  -1.444
# hhinc_std     -1.134e-01  8.351e-02  -1.358
# agea          -5.627e-03  4.071e-03  -1.382
# educ          -1.100e-01  5.108e-02  -2.153
# female        -2.732e-02  1.330e-01  -0.205
# vote_share_fr -7.272e-02  2.740e-02  -2.654
# socexp        -1.531e-04  7.600e-05  -2.015
# lt_imm_cntry  -1.306e+00  5.447e-01  -2.397
# wgi           -1.699e-02  4.757e-01  -0.036
# gdppc          8.837e-05  2.309e-05   3.827
# unemp         -1.448e-01  4.246e-02  -3.410
# 
# Correlation matrix not shown by default, as p = 23 > 12.
# Use print(x, correlation=TRUE)  or
# vcov(x)        if you need it
# 
# fit warnings:
#   Some predictor variables are on very different scales: consider rescaling
# convergence code: 0
# boundary (singular) fit: see ?isSingular


## 3.3 Auxiliary analysis 2 (imputed data, weights) -----------

fitimp1 <- with(data_imp_5pct,
               lmer(trstprl_rev ~ imm_concern + happy_rev + stflife_rev + sclmeet_rev + distrust_soc +
                      stfeco_rev + hincfel + stfhlth_rev + stfedu_rev +
                      vote_gov + vote_frparty + lrscale + hhinc_std + agea + educ + female + 
                      vote_share_fr + socexp + lt_imm_cntry + wgi + gdppc + unemp + (1 | cntry),
                    weights = pspwght))

summary(pool(fitimp1))

# term      estimate    std.error  statistic         df      p.value
# 1    (Intercept)  2.816689e+00 8.221700e-01  3.4259212  451.61567 6.687248e-04
# 2    imm_concern  1.423741e-01 3.119772e-02  4.5636050 1208.19658 5.541157e-06
# 3      happy_rev -4.983350e-02 4.560246e-02 -1.0927809  805.54346 2.748167e-01
# 4    stflife_rev  7.047185e-02 4.111709e-02  1.7139311  818.63266 8.691993e-02
# 5    sclmeet_rev  3.297687e-02 3.890915e-02  0.8475351  472.48439 3.971261e-01
# 6   distrust_soc  1.626593e-01 3.786510e-02  4.2957577  629.47191 2.016327e-05
# 7     stfeco_rev  2.771359e-01 3.316246e-02  8.3569146  239.35237 5.329071e-15
# 8        hincfel -5.732207e-02 8.306497e-02 -0.6900872 1107.58966 4.902839e-01
# 9    stfhlth_rev  5.563212e-02 2.951422e-02  1.8849260  372.91831 6.021716e-02
# 10    stfedu_rev  1.259361e-01 3.149656e-02  3.9984089  291.20678 8.089455e-05
# 11     vote_gov1 -2.859426e-01 1.236809e-01 -2.3119386  781.13063 2.104033e-02
# 12 vote_frparty1  1.669440e-01 3.400873e-01  0.4908858 1172.40909 6.235991e-01
# 13       lrscale -5.498991e-02 3.573257e-02 -1.5389295   34.40401 1.329694e-01
# 14     hhinc_std -1.738076e-01 7.689969e-02 -2.2601861   64.11253 2.721389e-02
# 15          agea -2.954197e-03 3.197596e-03 -0.9238808  500.03315 3.559940e-01
# 16          educ -8.500129e-02 4.405474e-02 -1.9294472  419.87255 5.434886e-02
# 17        female  6.804313e-02 1.115148e-01  0.6101711  653.26185 5.419607e-01
# 18 vote_share_fr -7.867001e-02 3.095496e-02 -2.5414351 1235.93419 1.116120e-02
# 19        socexp -3.232296e-05 8.388477e-05 -0.3853257 1203.17571 7.000642e-01
# 20  lt_imm_cntry -9.573876e-01 4.922548e-01 -1.9449023 1237.44329 5.201302e-02
# 21           wgi -4.402953e-01 4.968003e-01 -0.8862622 1246.29015 3.756472e-01
# 22         gdppc  6.614430e-05 2.555400e-05  2.5884131 1231.41218 9.755476e-03
# 23         unemp -1.224877e-01 4.030609e-02 -3.0389375 1159.40209 2.427313e-03


## 3.4 Auxiliary analysis 3 (imputed data, no weights) -----------

fitimp2 <- with(data_imp_5pct,
                lmer(trstprl_rev ~ imm_concern + happy_rev + stflife_rev + sclmeet_rev + distrust_soc +
                       stfeco_rev + hincfel + stfhlth_rev + stfedu_rev +
                       vote_gov + vote_frparty + lrscale + hhinc_std + agea + educ + female + 
                       vote_share_fr + socexp + lt_imm_cntry + wgi + gdppc + unemp + (1 | cntry)))

summary(pool(fitimp2))


# term      estimate    std.error    statistic         df      p.value
# 1    (Intercept)  2.670425e+00 6.820727e-01  3.915162454  931.25755 9.693099e-05
# 2    imm_concern  1.733889e-01 3.111443e-02  5.572619399 1244.66947 3.073233e-08
# 3      happy_rev -3.984772e-02 4.427729e-02 -0.899958569 1176.99260 3.683264e-01
# 4    stflife_rev  6.032247e-02 4.131462e-02  1.460075785 1138.43822 1.445451e-01
# 5    sclmeet_rev  6.519698e-02 3.776982e-02  1.726165822  776.34841 8.471544e-02
# 6   distrust_soc  1.442623e-01 3.720122e-02  3.877892535  988.38166 1.123306e-04
# 7     stfeco_rev  2.832967e-01 3.073871e-02  9.216286016 1210.79162 0.000000e+00
# 8        hincfel -1.648051e-02 8.131428e-02 -0.202676669 1070.52447 8.394263e-01
# 9    stfhlth_rev  8.005235e-02 2.902248e-02  2.758287879  948.94275 5.922195e-03
# 10    stfedu_rev  1.087282e-01 3.101416e-02  3.505760697  352.97420 5.140006e-04
# 11     vote_gov1 -2.670967e-01 1.193788e-01 -2.237388784 1161.03361 2.545008e-02
# 12 vote_frparty1  1.000650e-01 3.494422e-01  0.286356421 1237.24931 7.746531e-01
# 13       lrscale -6.169859e-02 3.015253e-02 -2.046216038  501.96215 4.125558e-02
# 14     hhinc_std -1.551995e-01 7.601284e-02 -2.041754293   89.44537 4.412153e-02
# 15          agea -4.243024e-03 3.134274e-03 -1.353750000 1205.77576 1.760698e-01
# 16          educ -9.205973e-02 4.230064e-02 -2.176320097  889.41254 2.979383e-02
# 17        female  8.929983e-04 1.105279e-01  0.008079392  750.23635 9.935558e-01
# 18 vote_share_fr -7.701945e-02 2.459950e-02 -3.130935119 1222.91623 1.783804e-03
# 19        socexp -7.656541e-05 6.729134e-05 -1.137819684 1202.30676 2.554225e-01
# 20  lt_imm_cntry -1.076957e+00 3.907036e-01 -2.756455645 1210.87103 5.930883e-03
# 21           wgi -2.017787e-01 3.978470e-01 -0.507176717 1244.09435 6.121207e-01
# 22         gdppc  7.336745e-05 1.999235e-05  3.669775968 1243.82138 2.530379e-04
# 23         unemp -1.387186e-01 3.162545e-02 -4.386295851 1180.15849 1.255900e-05