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"original_study": {
"claim": {
"hypothesis": "Respondents with a post-secular perspective on science and religion will be less likely than respondents with a traditional perspective on science and religion to respond that humans evolved from other animals.",
"hypothesis_location": "it is discussed in Theoretical Perspectives: Conflict between Science and Religion.",
"statement": "Overall, most individuals favor either scientific or religious ways of understanding, but many scientifically inclined individuals prefer certain religious accounts. Members of the post-secular category were significantly less likely than members of the traditional group to respond that humans evolved from other animals (3 percent, significant at p < 0.05 on a two-tailed test).",
"statement_location": "Table 2, Conditional Means by Latent Class, Post-Secular; also discussed in Results: Perspectives on Science and Religion.",
"study_type": "Observational"
},
"data": {
"source": "General Social Survey",
"wave_or_subset": "2006, 2008, 2010",
"sample_size": "622",
"unit_of_analysis": "individual",
"access_details": "the survey is referenced in the article but no other access details are provided: Smith, Tom W., Peter Marsden, Michael Hout, and Jibum Kim. 2011. General Social Surveys, 1972–2010 [machine-readable data file]. Principal Investigator, Tom W. Smith; Co-Principal Investigator, Peter V. Marsden; Co-Principal Investigator, Michael Hout; Sponsored by National Science Foundation, NORC. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center [producer]; Storrs, CT: The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut [distributor].",
"notes": "Accounting for the survey’s split-ballot design and missing cases, the full sample comprises 2,901 respondents (1,563 from 2006; 988 from 2008; and 350 from 2010). The Post-Secular latent class, used for the evolution item result, includes 622 respondents."
},
"method": {
"description": "Post-Secular respondents were identified via latent class analysis of GSS science and religion items; their responses to human evolution were compared to Traditional respondents using two-tailed tests.",
"steps": "1.Combine GSS waves to get the whole dataset.\n2.Select survey items measuring science knowledge, attitudes, and religious beliefs.\n3.Conduct latent class analysis to identify groups within respondents.\n4.Assign respondents to latent classes based on based on their greatest posterior probability of class membership.\n5.Define the outcome variable as the binary response to the question: Humans evolved from earlier species of animals (1 = correct, 0 = incorrect).\n6.Compare the Post-Secular latent class to the Traditional class on the evolution item using two-tailed t-tests.",
"models": "two-tailed t-test",
"outcome_variable": "Binary response to Humans evolved from earlier species of animals",
"independent_variables": "post-secular (latent class assigned via LCA)",
"control_variables": "NA (it was a t-test)",
"tools_software": "LCA: Mplus; descriptive and regression analyses: Stata"
},
"results": {
"summary": "Members of the post-secular category were significantly less likely than members of the traditional group to respond that humans evolved from other animals (3 percent, significant at p < 0.05 on a two-tailed test).",
"numerical_results": [ {
"outcome_name": "Human beings developed from earlier species of animals",
"value": "0.032",
"unit": "proportion (in the table, 3% in the text)",
"effect_size": "not stated",
"confidence_interval": {
"lower": "not stated",
"upper": "not stated",
"level": "not stated"
},
"p_value": "< .05",
"statistical_significance": "true",
"direction": "negative"
}
]
},
"metadata": {
"original_paper_id": "10.1177/0003122414558919",
"original_paper_title": "Traditional, Modern, and Post-Secular Perspectives on Science and Religion in the United States.",
"original_paper_code": "not stated",
"original_paper_data": "not stated"
}
}
}
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