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"original_study": {
"claim": {
"hypothesis": "Post-secular individuals are less likely than modern individuals to believe humans evolved from earlier species.",
"hypothesis_location": "The descriptive comparison appears in the Results section (Table 2) where evolution beliefs are summarized for each latent perspective group.",
"statement": "The study reports that only 3% of post-secular individuals agree that humans evolved from earlier species, indicating substantially lower acceptance of human evolution among post-secular respondents.",
"statement_location": "Results section, Table 2.",
"study_type": "Observational"
},
"data": {
"source": "General Social Survey (GSS).",
"wave_or_subset": "2006, 2008, and 2010 waves",
"sample_size": "2,901 cases (1,563 from 2006; 988 from 2008; and 350 from 2010).",
"unit_of_analysis": "Individual adult survey respondent.",
"access_details": "not stated",
"notes": "Belief in human evolution is measured by agreement with the statement that humans evolved from earlier species. Respondents are classified into three latent perspectives—traditional, modern, and post-secular—based on latent class analysis using religion and science belief indicators."
},
"method": {
"description": "The authors used latent class analysis to identify three worldview groups—traditional, modern, and post-secular—and then descriptively compared the percentage in each group agreeing that humans evolved from earlier species.",
"steps": [
"Identify indicators of scientific and religious beliefs in the GSS dataset.",
"Estimate a latent class model to classify respondents into traditional, modern, and post-secular perspectives.",
"Extract predicted class membership for respondents.",
"Calculate descriptive percentages of agreement with the statement that humans evolved from earlier species for each latent class.",
"Compare evolution-belief percentages between post-secular and modern perspectives."
],
"models": "Latent class analysis used for group classification; the evolution comparison itself is descriptive and not based on regression modeling.",
"outcome_variable": "Agreement that humans evolved from earlier species (percentage agreeing).",
"independent_variables": "Latent perspective membership (post-secular vs. modern).",
"control_variables": "not stated (no regression model is used for this descriptive comparison).",
"tools_software": "not stated"
},
"results": {
"summary": "Post-secular individuals show substantially lower acceptance of human evolution than modern individuals, with only 3% agreeing that humans evolved from earlier species.",
"numerical_results": [
{
"outcome_name": "Agreement that humans evolved from earlier species",
"value": 3,
"unit": "percentage of respondents agreeing.",
"effect_size": "difference in proportions",
"confidence_interval": {
"lower": "not stated",
"upper": "not stated",
"level": "not stated"
},
"p_value": "not stated.",
"statistical_significance": 1,
"direction": "negative"
}
]
},
"metadata": {
"original_paper_id": "10.1177/0003122414558919",
"original_paper_title": "Traditional, Modern, and Post-Secular Perspectives on Science and Religion in the United States.",
"original_paper_code": "not stated",
"original_paper_data": "not stated"
}
}
} |