| { | |
| "original_study": { | |
| "claim": { | |
| "hypothesis": "Among low-caste households, residing in villages dominated by lower castes is associated with greater agricultural income compared to residing in villages dominated by upper castes.", | |
| "hypothesis_location": "the abstract and introduction", | |
| "statement": "The income is substantially higher for low-caste households residing in villages dominated by a low caste. The estimation results show the robustness of the positive relationship between agricultural income and residing in a low-caste dominated village. [The coefficient for “Low-caste villages” is 566.5 with robust standard errors of 209, significant at the 1 percent level.].", | |
| "statement_location": "Table 3 column 1", | |
| "study_type": "Observational" | |
| }, | |
| "data": { | |
| "source": "The primary data used in this paper were collected by a team of researchers based at the World Bank and in India.", | |
| "wave_or_subset": "1997–1998", | |
| "sample_size": "1295", | |
| "unit_of_analysis": "household", | |
| "access_details": "not stated, the data source is not very clear either. However, there is information that additional materials are here: http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/app.3.1.239; there is no information if the website includes the data or code.", | |
| "notes": "Dominant caste refers to the caste group owning the majority of land. The villages of study are located in south and southeastern Uttar Pradesh and north and central Bihar. The field survey was administered in villages drawn at random from 12 districts in Uttar Pradesh and 13 districts in Bihar. A total of 120 villages, with an overall sample size of 2,250 households, were sampled: 57 villages in Bihar and 63 in Uttar Pradesh. All of the study villages are rural and the economies in these areas are primarily dependent on agriculture. The author dropped Muslim households from the analysis (which comprises only 2 percent of the sample in Hindu dominated villages). Regression disturbance terms are clustered at the village level. There are district and state fixed effects" | |
| }, | |
| "method": { | |
| "description": "The study uses OLS regression to examine whether lower-caste households have higher agricultural income when residing in villages dominated by lower castes, relative to villages dominated by upper castes.", | |
| "steps": "1. Get the data.\n2. Restrict the sample to lower-caste households — BAC (Backward Agricultural Castes), OBC (Other Backward Castes), and SC (Scheduled Castes) — and exclude Muslim-dominated villages and Muslim households in Hindu-dominated villages.\n3. Create the binary variable for low-caste dominated villages (1 = low-caste dominated, 0 = high-caste dominated).\n4. Estimate an OLS regression of household crop income per acre on the low-caste village indicator, including household, district, and state-level controls.\n5. Cluster standard errors at the village level.", | |
| "models": "ordinary least squares regression", | |
| "outcome_variable": "crop income per acre", | |
| "independent_variables": "low-caste village", | |
| "control_variables": "literacy, land ownership, caste identity, district, state", | |
| "tools_software": "not stated" | |
| }, | |
| "results": { | |
| "summary": "Lower-caste households earn significantly more in low-caste dominated villages (“Low-caste villages” coefficient = 566.5, SE = 209, p < 0.01).", | |
| "numerical_results": [ | |
| { | |
| "outcome_name": "Household Crop Income", | |
| "value": "566.5", | |
| "unit": "not stated explicitly (should be local currency though)", | |
| "effect_size": "not stated", | |
| "confidence_interval": { | |
| "lower": "not stated", | |
| "upper": "not stated", | |
| "level": "not stated" | |
| }, | |
| "p_value": "< 0.01", | |
| "statistical_significance": "true", | |
| "direction": "positive" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "metadata": { | |
| "original_paper_id": "http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/app.3.1.239", | |
| "original_paper_title": "Caste as an Impediment to Trade.", | |
| "original_paper_code": "not stated", | |
| "original_paper_data": "not stated" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |