| { | |
| "original_study": { | |
| "claim": { | |
| "hypothesis": "Individuals who are more worried about immigration’s impact on the national community will report greater distrust of their country’s parliament.", | |
| "hypothesis_location": "Proposition 1(p.7) linking greater concern about immigration’s impact on the national community to greater distrust of politicians and political institutions.", | |
| "statement": "The multilevel models show a positive and statistically significant association between concern about immigration and distrust in parliament, even when controlling for a wide set of alternative predictors of political distrust.", | |
| "statement_location": "Table 3 (Three-Level Model of Distrust in Politics), row “Concern about immigration.”", | |
| "study_type": "Observational" | |
| }, | |
| "data": { | |
| "source": "European Social Survey (ESS).", | |
| "wave_or_subset": "ESS rounds 1–4 (fieldwork: 2002–2003; 2004–2005; 2006–2007; 2008–2009).", | |
| "sample_size": "110,732", | |
| "unit_of_analysis": "Individual survey respondent (nested within country-round and country).", | |
| "access_details": "Available via the European Social Survey website.", | |
| "notes": "The dependent variable is political distrust measured using 11-point (0–10) trust items for national institutions." | |
| }, | |
| "method": { | |
| "description": "The study uses three-level multilevel models to estimate how individual concern about immigration relates to distrust in national political institutions (including parliament), while accounting for respondents nested within survey rounds and countries and controlling for alternative explanations of political distrust.", | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Select ESS respondents from rounds 1–4 and retain countries included in the analysis.", | |
| "Construct the dependent variable for distrust in parliament from the 0–10 trust item (coded so that higher values indicate more distrust).", | |
| "Construct the key independent variable measuring concern about immigration’s impact on the national community.", | |
| "Include individual-level controls capturing pessimism/alienation, political attitudes, evaluations of government performance and the economy, and social capital.", | |
| "Estimate a three-level multilevel model (individuals nested within country-round and country).", | |
| "Compute coefficients and standard errors using HLM, as reported in the results tables." | |
| ], | |
| "models": "Three-level multilevel model (HLM) with respondents nested within country-round (level 2) and country (level 3).", | |
| "outcome_variable": "Distrust in parliament (0–10 scale, higher = more distrust).", | |
| "independent_variables": "Concern about immigration.", | |
| "control_variables": "Unhappiness; dissatisfaction with life; frequency of meeting friends; interpersonal distrust; dissatisfaction with the country’s economy; dissatisfaction with personal income; dissatisfaction with the health system; dissatisfaction with the education system; winner effect; voted for far-right party in last general election; left-right scale; household income (standardized); age; education; female; plus level-2 and level-3 covariates included in the Table 3 model.", | |
| "tools_software": "HLM software" | |
| }, | |
| "results": { | |
| "summary": "Concern about immigration is positively and significantly related to distrust in parliament in the three-level model, and this association remains after controlling for a broad set of alternative predictors of political distrust.", | |
| "numerical_results": [ | |
| { | |
| "outcome_name": "Distrust in parliament", | |
| "value": "1.7", | |
| "unit": "units on the 0–10 distrust scale", | |
| "effect_size": "multilevel regression coefficient", | |
| "confidence_interval": { | |
| "lower": "not stated", | |
| "upper": "not stated", | |
| "level": "not stated" | |
| }, | |
| "p_value": "0.000", | |
| "statistical_significance": 1, | |
| "direction": "positive" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "metadata": { | |
| "original_paper_id": "10.1017/S0043887112000032", | |
| "original_paper_title": "The Cultural Divide in Europe: Migration, Multiculturalism, and Political Trust", | |
| "original_paper_code": "not stated", | |
| "original_paper_data": "not stated" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |