{
  "original_study": {
    "claim": {
      "hypothesis": "Post-secular individuals are less likely than modern individuals to believe humans evolved from earlier species.",
      "hypothesis_location": "The descriptive comparison appears in the Results section (Table 2) where evolution beliefs are summarized for each latent perspective group.",
      "statement": "The study reports that only 3% of post-secular individuals agree that humans evolved from earlier species, indicating substantially lower acceptance of human evolution among post-secular respondents.",
      "statement_location": "Results section, Table 2.",
      "study_type": "Observational"
    },

    "data": {
      "source": "General Social Survey (GSS).",
      "wave_or_subset": "2006, 2008, and 2010 waves",
      "sample_size": "2,901 cases (1,563 from 2006; 988 from 2008; and 350 from 2010).",
      "unit_of_analysis": "Individual adult survey respondent.",
      "access_details": "not stated",
      "notes": "Belief in human evolution is measured by agreement with the statement that humans evolved from earlier species. Respondents are classified into three latent perspectives—traditional, modern, and post-secular—based on latent class analysis using religion and science belief indicators."
    },

    "method": {
      "description": "The authors used latent class analysis to identify three worldview groups—traditional, modern, and post-secular—and then descriptively compared the percentage in each group agreeing that humans evolved from earlier species.",
      "steps": [
        "Identify indicators of scientific and religious beliefs in the GSS dataset.",
        "Estimate a latent class model to classify respondents into traditional, modern, and post-secular perspectives.",
        "Extract predicted class membership for respondents.",
        "Calculate descriptive percentages of agreement with the statement that humans evolved from earlier species for each latent class.",
        "Compare evolution-belief percentages between post-secular and modern perspectives."
      ],
      "models": "Latent class analysis used for group classification; the evolution comparison itself is descriptive and not based on regression modeling.",
      "outcome_variable": "Agreement that humans evolved from earlier species (percentage agreeing).",
      "independent_variables": "Latent perspective membership (post-secular vs. modern).",
      "control_variables": "not stated (no regression model is used for this descriptive comparison).",
      "tools_software": "not stated"
    },

    "results": {
      "summary": "Post-secular individuals show substantially lower acceptance of human evolution than modern individuals, with only 3% agreeing that humans evolved from earlier species.",
      "numerical_results": [
        {
          "outcome_name": "Agreement that humans evolved from earlier species",
          "value": 3,
          "unit": "percentage of respondents agreeing.",
          "effect_size": "difference in proportions",
          "confidence_interval": {
            "lower": "not stated",
            "upper": "not stated",
            "level": "not stated"
          },
          "p_value": "not stated.",
          "statistical_significance": 1,
          "direction": "negative"
        }
      ]
    },

    "metadata": {
      "original_paper_id": "10.1177/0003122414558919",
      "original_paper_title": "Traditional, Modern, and Post-Secular Perspectives on Science and Religion in the United States.",
      "original_paper_code": "not stated",
      "original_paper_data": "not stated"
    }
  }
}