Grey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy was ordered on February 10 , 2017 , by American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , and premiered on September 28 , 2017 with a special two - hour premiere . The season will consist of 24 episodes , with the season 's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the series overall . The season is produced by ABC Studios , in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company ; the showrunners being Krista Vernoff and William Harper . This season is the first not to feature Jerrika Hinton as Dr. Stephanie Edwards since her introduction in the ninth season , following her departure at the conclusion of the previous season . The season also marked the last appearance for Martin Henderson as a series regular . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plots 2 Cast 2.1 Main cast 2.2 Recurring cast 2.3 Guest cast 2.4 Casting 3 Production 3.1 Development 4 Episodes 5 Reception 5.1 Live + SD ratings 5.2 Live + 7 Day ( DVR ) ratings 6 References Plots ( edit ) The season follows the story of surgical residents , fellows , and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen . It is set in the surgical wing of the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital , located in Seattle , Washington . The season picks up right where it left off after the fire in the previous season finale . Grey - Sloan takes on a new , improved appearance after it is repaired of the damages from the fire . Meredith Grey ( Ellen Pompeo ) finds herself in another love triangle with Nathan Riggs ( Martin Henderson ) and his long - lost fiancée , Megan Hunt ( Abigail Spencer ) , though she encourages Riggs to resume his relationship with Megan over her . Meredith performs a ground - breaking surgery on Megan , landing her a Harper Avery Award . Jackson Avery ( Jesse Williams ) and Maggie Pierce ( Kelly McCreary ) fiddle with the idea of a relationship after Jackson and April Kepner ( Sarah Drew ) decide to live apart . Teddy Altman ( Kim Raver ) returns to Seattle to assist with Megan 's reappearance and notices the tension in Owen and Amelia 's relationship . With the help of DeLuca 's sister , visiting doctor Carina DeLuca ( Stefania Spampinato ) , Amelia Shepherd ( Caterina Scorsone ) discovers she has a brain tumor that has been impairing her judgment for the last 10 years . After it is removed by her former professor Tom Koracick ( Greg Germann ) , Amelia and Owen Hunt ( Kevin McKidd ) decide to end their marriage . Meanwhile , after Alex Karev ( Justin Chambers ) reveals to Jo Wilson ( Camilla Luddington ) that he tracked down her husband , Alex and Jo reconcile their relationship , with Jo declaring that she will divorce Paul ( Matthew Morrison ) . A new class of interns is introduced , one of which has a history with Andrew DeLuca ( Giacomo Gianniotti ) . Ben Warren ( Jason George ) joins to Fire Academy but has trouble telling his wife , Miranda Bailey ( Chandra Wilson ) . Harper Avery ( Chelcie Ross ) threatens to pull funding from Grey - Sloan and fires Bailey as Chief , but he soon after passes away , reinstating Bailey in the position . After Eliza Minnick ( Marika Domińczyk ) is fired from Grey - Sloan , she ghosts Arizona Robbins ( Jessica Capshaw ) , who subsequently begins dating Carina . Their relationship is short - lived , however , as Arizona inadvertently ends it while preparing for Sofia to return home from New York . Carina begins a sexual relationship with the newly single Owen . Cast ( edit ) Main articles : List of Grey 's Anatomy cast members and List of Grey 's Anatomy characters Main cast ( edit ) Ellen Pompeo as Dr. Meredith Grey Justin Chambers as Dr. Alex Karev Chandra Wilson as Dr. Miranda Bailey James Pickens Jr. as Dr. Richard Webber Kevin McKidd as Dr. Owen Hunt Jessica Capshaw as Dr. Arizona Robbins Sarah Drew as Dr. April Kepner Jesse Williams as Dr. Jackson Avery Caterina Scorsone as Dr. Amelia Shepherd Camilla Luddington as Dr. Jo Wilson Kelly McCreary as Dr. Maggie Pierce Jason George as Dr. Ben Warren Martin Henderson as Dr. Nathan Riggs Giacomo Gianniotti as Dr. Andrew DeLuca Recurring cast ( edit ) Debbie Allen as Dr. Catherine Avery Kim Raver as Dr. Teddy Altman Abigail Spencer as Dr. Megan Hunt Greg Germann as Dr. Tom Koracick Matthew Morrison as Dr. Paul Stadler Stefania Spampinato as Dr. Carina DeLuca Jake Borelli as Dr. Levi Schmitt Jeanine Mason as Dr. Sam Bello Alex Blue Davis as Dr. Casey Parker Rushi Kota as Dr. Vikram Roy Jaicy Elliot as Dr. Taryn Helm Sophia Taylor Ali as Dr. Dahlia Qadri Bethany Joy Lenz as Jenny Candis Cayne as Dr. Michelle Velez Guest cast ( edit ) Debra Mooney as Evelyn Hunt Bill Smitrovich as Dr. Walter Carr Chelcie Ross as Dr. Harper Avery Kate Burton as Dr. Ellis Grey Justin Bruening as Paramedic Matthew Taylor Mark Moses as Dr. Larry Maxwell Scott Speedman Casting ( edit ) Series regular Jerrika Hinton does not appear for the first time since her introduction at the start of the 9th season , after it was announced she landed a starring role in Alan Ball 's new HBO drama series Here , Now . Hinton had previously been in talks of leaving the show at the end of the 12th season when she was cast in the Shondaland comedy pilot Toast , but ABC passed on the project . Renewing her contract for another three seasons as Dr. Arizona Robbins after the eleventh season , Jessica Capshaw will return for the 14th season . On June 20 , 2017 , it was announced that Kim Raver is set to reprise her role as Dr. Teddy Altman for a guest arc . In August 2017 , it was announced that Abigail Spencer would replace Bridget Regan as Megan Hunt for a multi-episode arc this season . After recurring in the previous season as the controversial character , Eliza Minnick , it was announced in August 2017 that Marika Dominczyk would not return to the show . On September 13 , 2017 , another special guest star was announced in Greg Germann ( Ally McBeal ) ; though details of his role were not disclosed , it was revealed that his character 's name would be Tom Koracick and he 'd been seen in the episode `` Go Big or Go Home . '' His character turned out to be Amelia 's neurosurgery mentor and he re-appeared in the subsequent episode entitled `` Ai n't That a Kick in the Head . '' On October 26 , 2017 , it was announced that Martin Henderson 's appearance in the fifth episode of the season would be his last . On October 9 , 2017 , the new group of interns to join the cast as of the fourth episode , `` Ai n't That a Kick in the Head , '' was announced to include Jeanine Mason ( So You Think You Can Dance ) as Sam , Alex Blue Davis as Casey , Rushi Kota as Vik , Jaicy Elliot as Taryn , Sophia Taylor Ali as Dahlia , and Jake Borelli as Levi . On January 31 , 2018 , it was announced that Candis Cayne would be joining the show as Dr. Michelle Velez for a multi-episode arc revolving around a transgender character receiving a ground breaking surgery . Production ( edit ) Development ( edit ) Grey 's Anatomy was renewed for a 14th season on February 10 , 2017 . It premiered on September 28 , 2017 , with a two - hour premiere . Ellen Pompeo announced that she would be directing several episodes in the 14th season . On April 28 , 2017 , veteran writer Krista Vernoff announced that she would return to the show as a writer after leaving the show after the seventh season . On January 11 , 2018 , ABC released a six - episode web series following the new surgical interns at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital . The web series was written by Barbara Kaye Friend and directed by series regular Sarah Drew . Episodes ( edit ) Main article : List of Grey 's Anatomy episodes The number in the `` No. overall '' column refers to the episode 's number within the overall series , whereas the number in the `` No. in season '' column refers to the episode 's number within this particular season . `` U.S. viewers in millions '' refers to the number of Americans in millions who watched the episodes live . No . overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original air date U.S. viewers ( millions ) 294 `` Break Down the House '' Debbie Allen Krista Vernoff September 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 28 ) 8.07 In a whirlwind of reunions and a Grey Sloan `` major uplift , '' Meredith finds herself in a complicated love triangle between Nathan and Megan , Owen 's sister who was recently revealed to still be alive after a ten year absence in a hostage camp overseas . With Megan 's reappearance , Teddy Altman comes back to Seattle to support Owen and his mom , which leads to awkward interactions with Amelia . With Stephanie now in Texas at a burn unit , Jo eagerly tries to make Ben her new person . After being `` ghosted '' by Eliza , Arizona hits it off with an Italian girl in a bar whom she takes home with her . When DeLuca comes home , he finds his sister half - naked on his couch with Arizona . 295 `` Get Off on the Pain '' Kevin McKidd Krista Vernoff September 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 28 ) 8.07 Carina , DeLuca 's sister , asks to be introduced to Bailey in order to get approval to study the controversial topic of female masturbation and orgasms at her hospital ; Bailey obliges due to society 's double standard . Meredith works to get everyone to agree that an abdominal wall transplant is the best tactic to treat Megan 's wounds ; she even gets Teddy to scrub in to erase any doubts of Meredith 's intentions of being Megan 's surgeon . Jo tries to mend her relationship with Alex , after it 's revealed that Jo slept with one of the new sub-interns . Owen gets called out on his marital status with Amelia , who seems to be avoiding him and his family . Even without the support of Jackson , Amelia fights to remove a patient 's mastoid tumor . She later takes part in Carina 's study which leads to her finding a huge tumor in her own brain . 296 `` Go Big or Go Home '' Chandra Wilson Meg Marinis October 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 05 ) 8.06 Amelia brings in one of her former professors and current head of Neurology at Johns Hopkins , Dr. Tom Koracik to help her come up with a treatment plan for her tumor . Much to her chagrin , Dr Koracik brings to light how impaired her judgment has been over the last ten years ; Richard makes sure to let Amelia know that her judgment has n't been all that bad and encourages her to come clean to those with whom she 's closest . Bailey is confronted by Harper Avery about all the changes that have been made to the hospital and threatens to withdraw all funding from the foundation ; when Bailey stands up to him , Avery fires her . In the end of the episode Avery passes away with a sudden cardiac arrest and then Jackson and Catherine Avery reinstate Bailey back as the chief . Ben and Arizona resort to advice delivered by Carina when one of their patients gets stuck in labor . Meredith turns to her former psychiatrist , who winds up as a patient , to sort out her mood towards everyone instigated by the love triangle involving Nathan and Megan . Jo asks Alex to move back home . 297 `` Ai n't That a Kick in the Head ? '' Geary McLeod Marlana Hope October 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 12 ) 8.08 Amelia has her brain tumor removed , but in the days following , she experiences some complications , such as speaking only French , and memory loss . Richard unexpectedly brings Maggie to attend a family dinner hosted by Catherine , which turns awkward when Catherine discloses to Avery his inheritance from Harper 's passing , a quarter billion dollars . Bailey and Richard host interviews with prospective new interns but fail to find a decent candidate . Using her research to justify his entry into the country , Meredith and Nathan team up to bring Megan 's adopted son to America . Amelia and Owen face their fear that their marriage is based on a version of Amelia created by her illness . Arizona learns that Sofia wants to move home . Jo confesses that she hates how much control her ex-husband has over her . 298 5 `` Danger Zone '' Cecilie Mosli Jalysa Conway October 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 26 ) 7.67 As Owen helps Megan make the trip to California where she 'll start her new life with Nathan and her son , Farouk , they reminisce on their time spent in Fallujah , Iraq . During their time overseas , Nathan proposed to Megan by recycling a necklace that was n't initially intended for her . Teddy quickly recognized the necklace and the fact that Nathan cheated and pushed him to come clean . Despite the good news of the engagement , Megan dealt with heartbreak of not making strat , which is later revealed to her as Owen 's own doing . Distraught over her brother 's betrayal , she gets on a helicopter with one of the shooters who attacked their troops , leading to her disappearance . While Nathan awaits the arrival of Megan and Owen , he bonds with Farouk , who is having trouble acclimating to the free world . He also officially ends his relationship with Meredith , as does Owen with Amelia when he comes to terms with the notion that neither of them are truly happy . 299 6 `` Come On Down to My Boat , Baby '' Lisa Leone Kiley Donovan November 2 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 02 ) 7.38 As the new surgeon on the cover page of the medical journal , JSA , Meredith performs a rare surgical procedure , made possible by Jo 's persuasion , to try and save a judge from his progressive cancer diagnosis . The men of Grey Sloan take a `` sick day '' and hang out on a Jackson 's newly purchased boat , whereas the women swipe for dates on Tinder . Arizona has broken up with Carina in preparation of Sofia moving back home . Amelia heads back to surgery but struggles with her confidence , recruiting the help of Dr. Koracik and seeking the encouragement of Richard . While Arizona and April repair a woman 's injuries caused by an accidental firing of a gun that was hidden inside her vagina , Bailey and Maggie take care of a hypochondriac who was a victim of the accidental shooting . At the surgeon - intern mixer , Meredith learns that she 's been nominated for the annual Harper Avery award ; however , the news is overshadowed by the loss of her patient . Jackson gives half his inheritance to Bailey to fund a research competition . Jo learns she 's in the running for chief resident and decides to file for divorce from Paul after confiding her situation to the judge . DeLuca recognizes one of the new interns from his past , while Owen and Carina are caught kissing . 300 7 `` Who Lives , Who Dies , Who Tells Your Story '' Debbie Allen Krista Vernoff November 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 09 ) 8.13 When a roller coaster car derails off its tracks , Meredith 's plans to attend the Harper Avery award ceremony are put on hold . Three patients visiting the ER look like former doctors of the hospital : Drs . Cristina Yang , George O'Malley , and Izzie Stevens . Amelia and Owen learn to co-exist in the OR , after Amelia orders a surprise CT which shows a large hematoma that she is able to repair . As Arizona performs surgery on Liza , Izzie 's look - a-like , she reflects on her relationship with Callie and Mark in preparation for Sofia 's return to Seattle . Jo probes Alex to call Izzie and see how she is , to which Alex says he knows how she is : a happily married surgeon with three children . As they wait on Meredith to leave for Boston , Maggie bonds with Zola as they rehearse medical knowledge and talk about Derek . Bailey and Ben fight over his announcement to join the fire department , due to Bailey 's fear that he has commitment issues . Unable to fly out to Boston , in an OR -- in front of her friends and colleagues -- Meredith is announced the winner of the 2017 Harper Avery award . 301 8 `` Out of Nowhere '' Kevin McKidd William Harper November 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 16 ) 7.52 As the interns struggle to find their stride as surgeons , Jo begins her reign as chief resident . Things take a turn for the worse when the computer system gets hacked at Grey Sloan Memorial , as all of the patients ' records get held hostage for $20 million . Unable to understand why the ransom is so large and unprecedented , Bailey realizes it 's due to the recently announced competition funded by Jackson 's inheritance . Without the use of the technological advancements to which the doctors have become accustomed , they must rely on their instincts to treat their patients ; Richard teaches his younger colleagues about how they worked in the `` Stone Age . '' One patient is transported to another hospital by a helicopter which encounters bad turbulence , causing a line to loosen and squirt blood everywhere . Jo gets the scariest surprise of her life when she runs into her abusive husband , Paul , on her way to stop Alex from inadvertently killing their patient . 302 9 `` 1 - 800 - 799 - 7233 '' Bill D'Elia Andy Reaser January 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 18 ) 8.27 While the staff of the hospital fawns over Dr. Paul Stadler and his legendary work as a surgeon , Jo tries to steer clear of him . Alex and Meredith team up to do their best to protect Jo during the process of filing for divorce . Drenched in blood , Jackson and Maggie save their patient 's life , and then bond in the locker room after showers ; April and Owen use their trauma skills to work on patients in less than ideal and extremely hot conditions , very similar to when they were overseas . Bailey works with an exceptionally computer - savvy intern to take back the power against those who hacked the hospital ; this intern later outs himself as `` a proud trans man . '' After Paul 's fiancée , Jenny , tells him about her secret exchange with Jo , Meredith has to pretend to call in security to remove Paul from the hospital . However , he soon winds back up in the ER as a victim of a hit - and - run . The episode was followed by a PSA of Camilla Luddington reminding viewers that psychological abuse is a form of domestic violence and providing the number of the National Domestic Violence Hotline : 1 - 800 - 799 - 7233 , the episode 's title . 303 10 `` Personal Jesus '' Kevin Sullivan Zoanne Clack January 25 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 25 ) 8.62 With Paul recovering from surgery , Meredith questions the alibi that Alex and Jo provide her . Believing that it 's his fiancée , Jenny , who ran him over , Jo feels the need to consult her . April 's patient turns out to be the pregnant wife of her ex-fiancé , Matthew , proving to be more than an awkward situation , as she helps deliver their baby , and then watches him deal with his wife 's unexpected death . Jackson , Bailey , and April are confronted with racial profiling when police show up with a handcuffed 12 - year - old boy whom they shot when he was seen trying to enter his own home by a window . Police officers continue to treat him like a criminal in the ER , prompting Bailey and Ben to give Tucker `` the talk . '' When Jo and Jenny go to Paul 's room to announce they are taking him to court , he gets in a bout of rage and falls out of his bed , knocking himself out and becoming brain dead . Still legally his wife , Jo decides to take him off life support and have his organs donated . April ends up in the shower with Roy , an intern , after she finds herself questioning her faith . 304 11 `` ( Do n't Fear ) the Reaper '' Nicole Rubio Elisabeth R. Finch February 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 01 ) 8.93 With her intuition and the more subtle signs of a heart attack , Bailey winds up in the ER at Seattle Presbyterian ; however , after her doctors treat her condescendingly , assuming she 's imagining the heart attack and really just suffering from her OCD , she calls on Maggie to come save her . When Maggie arrives , she runs into Richard who found his way there based on Bailey 's record of attendance . With her life flashing before her eyes , Bailey reflects on her upbringing and her past as a surgeon with all the stressful fights and struggles she 's gone through to get to this point in her life . Right before she goes under for emergency surgery to save her life , Bailey asks Maggie to call Ben who is able to get there before she wakes up . Ben announces that he 's quit being a firefighter , but Bailey demands that he go back and never do anything other than what he truly loves . 305 12 `` Harder , Better , Faster , Stronger '' Jeannot Szwarc Kiley Donovan February 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 08 ) 7.32 As the contest draws near , a competitive edge and tension arise between the doctors and their selected interns vying for millions of dollars . In preparation to surprise Catherine on her birthday , Richard takes salsa dancing lessons with Maggie , who is struggling with the one year anniversary of her mother 's death . Amelia and Alex tag team a pediatric case , in order to save their patient 's ability to sing , as well as retain all mental capabilities . Meredith gets a visit from an old splenectomy patient , who 's back with multiple miniature spleens , which guides Meredith to her idea for the competition , and Jackson gets pulled into his mother 's gender confirmation proposal , despite his wishes . 306 13 `` You Really Got a Hold on Me '' Nzingha Stewart Stacy McKee March 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 01 ) TBD 307 14 `` Games People Play '' Chandra Wilson Jason Ganzel & Julie Wong March 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 08 ) TBD Reception ( edit ) Live + sd ratings ( edit ) No. in series No. in season Episode Air date Time slot ( EST ) Rating / Share ( 18 -- 49 ) Viewers ( m ) 18 -- 49 Rank Viewership rank Drama rank 294 `` Break Down the House '' September 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 28 ) Thursday 8 : 00 p.m. 2.3 / 8 8.07 12 24 295 `` Get Off on the Pain '' September 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 28 ) Thursday 9 : 00 p.m. 2.3 / 8 8.07 12 24 296 `` Go Big or Go Home '' October 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 05 ) Thursdays 8 : 00 p.m. 2.1 / 8 8.06 11 21 297 `` Ai n't That a Kick in the Head ? '' October 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 12 ) 2.1 / 8 8.08 10 17 298 5 `` Danger Zone '' October 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 26 ) 1.8 / 7 7.67 14 22 299 6 `` Come On Down to My Boat , Baby '' November 2 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 02 ) 1.8 / 7 7.38 13 21 300 7 `` Who Lives , Who Dies , Who Tells Your Story '' November 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 09 ) 1.9 / 7 8.13 11 19 301 8 `` Out of Nowhere '' November 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 16 ) 1.8 / 7 7.52 13 21 302 9 `` 1 - 800 - 799 - 7233 '' January 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 18 ) 2.3 / 9 8.27 7 14 303 10 `` Personal Jesus '' January 25 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 25 ) 2.3 / 9 8.62 7 304 11 `` ( Do n't Fear ) the Reaper '' February 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 01 ) 2.3 / 9 8.93 5 8 305 12 `` Harder , Better , Faster , Stronger '' February 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 08 ) 2.0 / 8 7.32 6 13 306 13 `` You Really Got a Hold on Me '' March 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 01 ) Live + 7 day ( dvr ) ratings ( edit ) No. in series No. in season Episode Air date Time slot ( EST ) 18 -- 49 increase Viewers ( millions ) increase Total 18 - 49 Total viewers ( millions ) Ref 294 `` Break Down the House '' September 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 28 ) Thursday 8 : 00 p.m. 1.6 3.91 3.9 11.99 295 `` Get Off on the Pain '' September 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 28 ) Thursday 9 : 00 p.m. 1.6 3.91 3.9 11.99 296 `` Go Big or Go Home '' October 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 05 ) Thursdays 8 : 00 p.m. 1.6 3.83 3.7 11.89 297 `` Ai n't That a Kick in the Head ? '' October 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 12 ) 1.4 3.51 3.5 11.59 298 5 `` Danger Zone '' October 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 26 ) 1.5 3.54 3.3 11.22 299 6 `` Come On Down to My Boat , Baby '' November 2 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 02 ) 1.5 3.45 3.2 10.84 300 7 `` Who Lives , Who Dies , Who Tells Your Story '' November 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 09 ) 1.5 3.53 3.4 11.67 301 8 `` Out of Nowhere '' November 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 16 ) 1.5 3.54 3.3 11.07 302 9 `` 1 - 800 - 799 - 7233 '' January 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 18 ) 1.3 3.30 3.6 11.58 303 10 `` Personal Jesus '' January 25 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 25 ) 1.3 3.35 3.6 11.98 304 11 `` ( Do n't Fear ) The Reaper '' February 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 01 ) 1.4 3.41 3.7 12.35 305 12 `` Harder , Better , Faster , Stronger '' February 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 08 ) 306 13 `` You Really Got a Hold on Me '' March 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 01 ) References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Mitovich , Matt Webb ( July 24 , 2017 ) . `` ABC Fall Premiere Dates : XL Grey 's Return , Scandal 's Swan Song and More '' . TVLine . Retrieved July 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` TV shows renewed for 2017 -- 18 and beyond '' . TV By The Numbers by zap2it.com. 2017 - 02 - 13 . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 14 . ^ Jump up to : `` Grey 's Anatomy TV show on ABC : season 14 renewal '' . canceled TV shows -- TV Series Finale. 2017 - 02 - 10 . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 14 . ^ Jump up to : Ausiello , Michael ( January 31 , 2017 ) . `` Grey 's Anatomy : ( Spoiler ) Poised to Exit '' . TV Line . Retrieved February 1 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Grey 's Anatomy Martin Henderson exit Riggs '' . EW . Retrieved October 28 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( June 20 , 2017 ) . `` ' Grey 's Anatomy ' : Kim Raver To Make A Return In Season 14 '' . Deadline . Retrieved June 21 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Petski , Denise ( 4 August 2017 ) . `` ' Grey 's Anatomy ' : Abigail Spencer Set To Recur In Recasting '' . Retrieved 29 September 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Nilles , Billy ( September 13 , 2017 ) . `` Grey 's Anatomy Season 14 Admits Greg Germann for Guest - Star Role '' . E !. Retrieved September 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Matthew Morrison will return to Grey 's Anatomy in 14th season '' . Retrieved 29 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Grey 's Anatomy Adds a Controversial New Doctor for Season 14 '' . 8 August 2017 . Retrieved 29 September 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Nilles , Billy ( October 9 , 2017 ) . `` Meet Grey 's Anatomy 's New Season 14 Interns '' . E !. Retrieved October 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Niles , Billy ( 2018 - 01 - 31 ) . `` Grey 's Anatomy Admits Candis Cayne for `` Groundbreaking '' Season 14 Transgender Storyline `` . eonline.com . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 01 . Jump up ^ http://deadline.com/2018/02/scott-speedman-cast-greys-anatomy-guest-star-animal-kingdom-exit-tnt-1202279529/ Jump up ^ Schwartz , Ryan ( March 16 , 2016 ) . `` Grey 's Anatomy 's Jerrika Hinton Nabs Lead in Shondaland Comedy Pilot '' . TVLine . Retrieved May 14 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Ausiello , Michael ( June 28 , 2015 ) . `` Grey 's Anatomy : Jessica Capshaw Signs Major Contract Extension -- Find Out How Long Arizona 's Sticking Around '' . TVLine . Retrieved May 26 , 2016 . Jump up ^ http://ew.com/tv/2017/10/26/greys-anatomy-martin-henderson-exit-riggs/ Jump up ^ http://www.eonline.com/news/910651/grey-s-anatomy-admits-candis-cayne-for-groundbreaking-season-14-transgender-storyline . Missing or empty title = ( help ) Jump up ^ Nilles , Billy ( March 30 , 2017 ) . `` Why Ellen Pompeo Could n't Say No to Directing Grey 's Anatomy '' . E ! Online . Retrieved May 14 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Vernoff , Krista ( April 28 , 2017 ) . `` Friday afternoon seems as good a time as any to announce this tidbit : I 'm returning to # GreysAnatomy for Season 14 ! # NeverSayNever '' . Twitter . Retrieved May 14 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Corinthios , Aurelie ( January 9 , 2018 ) . `` Grey 's Anatomy Web Series Follows Latest Batch of Newbie Doctors : Meet the B - Team '' . People.com . Retrieved January 11 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( September 29 , 2017 ) . `` ' Will & Grace , ' ' Superstore , ' ' Good Place , ' ' Gotham ' adjust up ; ' How to Get Away ' adjusts down : Thursday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved September 29 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( October 6 , 2017 ) . `` ' Grey 's Anatomy ' and NFL adjust up : Thursday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 6 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( October 13 , 2017 ) . `` ' Will & Grace , ' ' Grey 's Anatomy , ' ' Gotham ' and NFL adjust up : Thursday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 13 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( October 27 , 2017 ) . `` NFL adjusts up , scripted shows all unchanged : Thursday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( November 3 , 2017 ) . `` ' Will & Grace ' adjusts up , ' Sheldon ' and other CBS shows adjust down : Thursday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( November 10 , 2017 ) . `` ' Big Bang Theory ' and ' Thursday Night Football ' adjust up : Thursday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 10 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( November 17 , 2017 ) . `` ' Supernatural ' and NFL adjust up , ' Young Sheldon ' adjusts down : Thursday final ratings '' . TV By the Numbers . Retrieved November 17 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( January 22 , 2018 ) . `` ' Grey 's Anatomy ' adjusts up , ' The Four , ' ' Scandal ' and ' Great News ' down : Thursday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved January 22 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( January 26 , 2018 ) . `` ' Grey 's Anatomy ' adjusts up , ' Big Bang Theory ' adjusts down : Thursday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved January 26 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( February 2 , 2018 ) . `` ' Big Bang Theory , ' ' The Four ' adjust up , ' Mom ' and ' AP Bio ' adjust down : Thursday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved February 2 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( February 9 , 2018 ) . `` Olympics adjust up : Thursday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` ( # 1413 ) `` You Really Got a Hold on Me '' `` . The Futon Critic . Retrieved February 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` ( # 1414 ) `` Games People Play '' `` . The Futon Critic . Retrieved February 16 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( October 3 , 2017 ) . `` ' Big Bang Theory , ' ' Sunday Night Football ' score in week 1 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 3 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( October 10 , 2017 ) . `` NFL times 2 dominates the week 2 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 11 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( October 17 , 2017 ) . `` NFL , ' Big Bang Theory ' and ' NCIS ' lead week 3 's broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 17 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( October 31 , 2017 ) . `` World Series makes FOX No. 1 in week 5 's broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 1 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( November 7 , 2017 ) . `` World Series , ' Big Bang Theory ' lead week 6 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 14 , 2017 ) . `` NFL and ' This Is Us ' carry NBC to victory in week 7 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 14 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( November 21 , 2017 ) . `` NFL carries NBC to victory again : Week 8 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV By the Numbers . Retrieved November 22 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( January 23 , 2018 ) . `` FOX dominates , ABC gets a boost in week 17 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV By the Numbers . Retrieved January 23 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( January 30 , 2018 ) . `` Grammys and ' NCIS ' carry CBS to victory : Week 18 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV By the Numbers . Retrieved January 30 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( February 6 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl LII ( obviously ) dominates week 19 's broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV By the Numbers . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( February 13 , 2018 ) . `` Olympics push NBC to No. 1 for the season : Week 20 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings '' . TV By the Numbers . Retrieved February 13 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Porter , Rick ( October 13 , 2017 ) . `` ' This Is Us ' and ' The Good Doctor ' score big in premiere week broadcast Live + 7 ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( October 18 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Orville , ' ' Once Upon a Time , ' 5 more shows double in week 2 broadcast Live + 7 ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( October 25 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Good Doctor ' is the most - watched show on TV in week 3 broadcast Live + 7 ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 9 , 2017 ) . `` ' Grey 's Anatomy ' keeps rolling along in week 5 broadcast Live + 7 ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 17 , 2017 ) . `` ' This Is Us ' and 12 more shows double in week 6 broadcast Live + 7 ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 27 , 2017 ) . `` ' This Is Us ' rides high in week 7 broadcast Live + 7 ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( December 5 , 2017 ) . `` ' Jane the Virgin , ' 10 other shows double in week 8 broadcast Live + 7 ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved December 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( February 1 , 2018 ) . `` ' This Is Us , ' ' The Good Doctor ' both double in week 17 broadcast Live + 7 ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved February 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( February 8 , 2018 ) . `` ' This Is Us ' sets NBC records in week 18 broadcast Live + 7 ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved February 8 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( February 15 , 2018 ) . `` Closing the book on the Super Bowl ' This Is Us ' : Week 19 broadcast Live + 7 ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved February 15 , 2018 . Grey 's Anatomy episodes Season 1 `` A Hard Day 's Night '' `` If Tomorrow Never Comes '' Season 2 `` Into You Like a Train '' `` It 's the End of the World '' `` As We Know It '' `` Losing My Religion '' Season 3 `` Time Has Come Today '' `` I Am a Tree '' `` Great Expectations '' `` Wishin ' and Hopin ' '' `` Did n't We Almost Have It All ? '' Season 4 `` A Change Is Gonna Come '' Season 5 `` What a Difference a Day Makes '' `` Stand By Me '' `` Elevator Love Letter '' `` Now or Never '' Season 6 `` Good Mourning '' `` Goodbye '' `` I Always Feel Like Somebody 's Watchin ' Me '' `` Tainted Obligation '' `` Invasion '' `` I Saw What I Saw '' `` Give Peace a Chance '' `` Invest in Love '' `` I Like You So Much Better When You 're Naked '' `` Death and All His Friends '' Season 7 `` Song Beneath the Song '' Season 8 `` Flight '' Season 9 `` Going , Going , Gone '' `` Beautiful Doom '' `` Perfect Storm '' Season 10 `` Fear ( of the Unknown ) '' Season 11 `` I Must Have Lost it on the Wind '' `` Puzzle With a Piece Missing '' `` Got to Be Real '' `` Only Mama Knows '' `` Bend & Break '' `` Do n't Let 's Start '' `` One Flight Down '' `` How to Save a Life '' `` She 's Leaving Home '' `` Time Stops '' `` You 're My Home '' Season 12 `` Sledgehammer '' `` Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner '' `` Something Against You '' `` Things We Lost in the Fire '' `` The Sound of Silence '' `` Family Affair '' Season 13 `` True Colors '' Season 14 `` Danger Zone '' `` Personal Jesus '' Grey 's Anatomy Episodes Season 1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Characters ( cast members ) Meredith Grey Cristina Yang Izzie Stevens Alex Karev George O'Malley Miranda Bailey Richard Webber Preston Burke Derek Shepherd Addison Montgomery Mark Sloan Callie Torres Lexie Grey Erica Hahn Owen Hunt Sadie Harris Arizona Robbins Teddy Altman Jackson Avery April Kepner Amelia Shepherd Stephanie Edwards Maggie Pierce Nathan Riggs Other Awards and nominations Soundtrack Video game Private Practice Station 19 A Corazón Abierto ( Mexican telenovela ) A Corazón Abierto ( Colombian telenovela ) Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grey%27s_Anatomy_(season_14)&oldid=826069485 '' Categories : Grey 's Anatomy episodes 2017 American television seasons Grey 's Anatomy seasons Hidden categories : Pages with citations lacking titles Pages with citations having bare URLs Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Français Italiano Polski Русский Edit links This page was last edited on 17 February 2018 , at 00 : 51 . 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Blood gas tension Blood gas tension refers to the partial pressure of gases in blood . There are several significant purposes for measuring gas tension ; the most common gas tensions measured are oxygen tension ( P O ) , the carbon dioxide tension ( P CO ) and carbon monoxide tension ( P CO ) . The subscript x in each symbol represents the source of the gas being measured ; `` a '' meaning arterial , `` A '' being alveolar , `` v '' being venous , `` c '' being capillary . Blood gas tests ( such as arterial blood gas tests ) measure these partial pressures . Contents ( hide ) 1 Oxygen tension 2 Carbon dioxide tension 3 Carbon monoxide tension 4 Significance 5 Equations 5.1 Oxygen content 5.2 Oxygen saturation 6 See also 7 References Oxygen tension ( edit ) Arterial blood oxygen tension ( normal ) P O -- Partial pressure of oxygen at sea level ( 765 mmHg ) in arterial blood is between 75 mmHg and 100 mmHg . Venous blood oxygen tension ( normal ) P O -- Oxygen tension in venous blood at sea level is between 30 mmHg and 40 mmHg . Carbon dioxide tension ( edit ) Carbon dioxide is a by - product of food metabolism and in high amounts has toxic effects including : dyspnea , acidosis and altered consciousness . Arterial blood carbon dioxide tension P CO -- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level ( 765 mmHg ) in arterial blood is between 35 mmHg and 45 mmHg . Venous blood carbon dioxide tension P CO -- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level in venous blood is between 40 mmHg and 50 mmHg . Carbon monoxide tension ( edit ) Arterial carbon monoxide tension ( normal ) P CO -- Partial pressure of CO at sea level ( 765 mmHg ) in arterial blood is approximately 0.02 . It can be slightly higher in smokers and people living in dense urban areas . Significance ( edit ) The partial pressure of gas in blood is significant because it is directly related to ventilation and oxygenation . When used alongside the pH balance of the blood , the P CO and HCO ( and Lactate ) suggest to the health care practitioner which interventions , if any , should be made . Equations ( edit ) Oxygen Content ( edit ) C a O 2 = 1.36 ∗ H g b ∗ S a O 2 100 + 0.0031 ∗ P a O 2 ( \ displaystyle C_ ( a ) O_ ( 2 ) = 1.36 * Hgb * ( \ frac ( S_ ( a ) O_ ( 2 ) ) ( 100 ) ) + 0.0031 * P_ ( a ) O_ ( 2 ) ) The constant , 1.36 , is the amount of oxygen ( ml at 1 atmosphere ) bound per gram of hemoglobin . The exact value of this constant varies from 1.34 to 1.39 , depending on the reference and the way it is derived . The constant 0.0031 represents the amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma . The dissolved - oxygen term is generally small relative to the term for hemoglobin - bound oxygen , but becomes significant at very high P O ( as in a hyperbaric chamber ) or in severe anemia . Oxygen saturation ( edit ) S O 2 = ( 23 , 400 p O 2 3 + 150 p O 2 + 1 ) − 1 ( \ displaystyle SO_ ( 2 ) = ( ( \ frac ( 23,400 ) ( pO_ ( 2 ) ^ ( 3 ) + 150pO_ ( 2 ) ) ) + 1 ) ^ ( - 1 ) ) This is an estimation and does not account for differences in temperature , pH and concentrations of 2 , 3 DPG . See also ( edit ) Alveolar air equation Fick 's laws of diffusion References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Severinghaus JW , Astrup P , Murray JF ( 1998 ) . `` Blood gas analysis and critical care medicine '' . Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 157 ( 4 Pt 2 ) : S114 -- 22 . PMID 9563770 . doi : 10.1164 / ajrccm. 157.4. nhlb1 - 9 . Jump up ^ Bendjelid K , Schütz N , Stotz M , Gerard I , Suter PM , Romand JA ( 2005 ) . `` Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring in critically ill adults : clinical evaluation of a new sensor '' . Crit Care Med. 33 ( 10 ) : 2203 -- 6 . PMID 16215371 . doi : 10.1097 / 01. ccm. 0000181734.26070. 26 . ^ Jump up to : Yildizdaş D , Yapicioğlu H , Yilmaz HL , Sertdemir Y ( 2004 ) . `` Correlation of simultaneously obtained capillary , venous , and arterial blood gases of patients in a paediatric intensive care unit '' . Arch Dis Child . 89 ( 2 ) : 176 -- 80 . PMC 1719810 . PMID 14736638 . doi : 10.1136 / adc. 2002.016261 . Jump up ^ Shapiro BA ( 1995 ) . `` Temperature correction of blood gas values '' . Respir Care Clin N Am. 1 ( 1 ) : 69 -- 76 . PMID 9390851 . Jump up ^ Malatesha G , Singh NK , Bharija A , Rehani B , Goel A ( 2007 ) . `` Comparison of arterial and venous pH , bicarbonate , PCO2 and PO2 in initial emergency department assessment '' . Emerg Med J. 24 ( 8 ) : 569 -- 71 . PMC 2660085 . PMID 17652681 . doi : 10.1136 / emj. 2007.046979 . ^ Jump up to : Chu YC , Chen CZ , Lee CH , Chen CW , Chang HY , Hsiue TR ( 2003 ) . `` Prediction of arterial blood gas values from venous blood gas values in patients with acute respiratory failure receiving mechanical ventilation '' . J Formos Med Assoc. 102 ( 8 ) : 539 -- 43 . PMID 14569318 . Jump up ^ Walkey AJ , Farber HW , O'Donnell C , Cabral H , Eagan JS , Philippides GJ ( 2010 ) . `` The accuracy of the central venous blood gas for acid - base monitoring '' . J Intensive Care Med. 25 ( 2 ) : 104 -- 10 . PMID 20018607 . doi : 10.1177 / 0885066609356164 . Jump up ^ Adrogué HJ , Rashad MN , Gorin AB , Yacoub J , Madias NE ( 1989 ) . `` Assessing acid - base status in circulatory failure . Differences between arterial and central venous blood '' . N Engl J Med. 320 ( 20 ) : 1312 -- 6 . PMID 2535633 . doi : 10.1056 / NEJM198905183202004 . ^ Jump up to : Williams AJ ( 1998 ) . `` ABC of oxygen : assessing and interpreting arterial blood gases and acid - base balance '' . BMJ. 317 ( 7167 ) : 1213 -- 6 . PMC 1114160 . PMID 9794863 . doi : 10.1136 / bmj. 317.7167. 1213 . ^ Jump up to : Hansen JE ( 1989 ) . `` Arterial blood gases '' . Clin Chest Med. 10 ( 2 ) : 227 -- 37 . PMID 2661120 . Jump up ^ Tobin MJ ( 1988 ) . `` Respiratory monitoring in the intensive care unit '' . Am Rev Respir Dis. 138 ( 6 ) : 1625 -- 42 . PMID 3144222 . doi : 10.1164 / ajrccm / 138.6. 1625 . Jump up ^ `` Oxygen Content '' . Retrieved October 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Severinghaus , J.W. ( 1979 ) . `` Simple , accurate equations for human blood O dissociation computations '' ( PDF ) . J Appl Physiol. 46 ( 3 ) : 599 -- 602 . PMID 35496 . 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Scott Joplin Signature Scott Joplin ( / ˈdʒɒplɪn / ; c. 1867 / 68 or November 24 , 1868 -- April 1 , 1917 ) was an African - American composer and pianist . Joplin achieved fame for his ragtime compositions and was dubbed the `` King of Ragtime '' . During his brief career , he wrote 44 original ragtime pieces , one ragtime ballet , and two operas . One of his first , and most popular pieces , the `` Maple Leaf Rag '' , became ragtime 's first and most influential hit , and has been recognized as the archetypal rag . Joplin was born into a musical family of railway laborers in Northeast Texas , and developed his musical knowledge with the help of local teachers . Joplin grew up in Texarkana , where he formed a vocal quartet , and taught mandolin and guitar . During the late 1880s he left his job as a laborer with the railroad , and travelled around the American South as an itinerant musician . He went to Chicago for the World 's Fair of 1893 , which played a major part in making ragtime a national craze by 1897 . Joplin moved to Sedalia , Missouri , in 1894 and earned a living as a piano teacher ; there he taught future ragtime composers Arthur Marshall , Scott Hayden and Brun Campbell . Joplin began publishing music in 1895 , and publication of his `` Maple Leaf Rag '' in 1899 brought him fame . This piece had a profound influence on subsequent writers of ragtime . It also brought the composer a steady income for life , though Joplin did not reach this level of success again and frequently had financial problems . In 1901 Joplin moved to St. Louis , where he continued to compose and publish music , and regularly performed in the St. Louis community . The score to his first opera A Guest of Honor was confiscated in 1903 with his belongings because of a non-payment of bills , and is now considered lost . He continued to compose and publish music , and in 1907 moved to New York City to find a producer for a new opera . He attempted to go beyond the limitations of the musical form that made him famous , without much monetary success . His second opera , Treemonisha , was not received well at its partially staged performance in 1915 . In 1916 , Joplin descended into dementia as a result of syphilis . He was admitted to a mental institution in January 1917 , and died there three months later at the age of 49 . Joplin 's death is widely considered to mark the end of ragtime as a mainstream music format , and in the next several years it evolved with other styles into stride , jazz , and eventually big band swing . His music was rediscovered and returned to popularity in the early 1970s with the release of a million - selling album recorded by Joshua Rifkin . This was followed by the Academy Award -- winning 1973 movie The Sting that featured several of his compositions including `` The Entertainer '' . The opera Treemonisha was finally produced in full to wide acclaim in 1972 . In 1976 , Joplin was posthumously awarded a Pulitzer Prize . Contents ( hide ) 1 Early life 2 Life in the Southern states and Chicago 3 Life in Missouri 4 Later years and death 5 Works 5.1 Treemonisha 5.2 Performance skills 6 Legacy 6.1 Museum 7 Revival 8 Other awards and recognition 9 Notes 10 References 10.1 Bibliography 10.1. 1 Books 10.1. 2 Web - pages 10.1. 3 Journals 11 External links 11.1 Recordings and sheet music Early life ( edit ) According to author Edward A. Berlin , `` One tenacious myth tells us that Joplin was born in Texarkana , Texas , on November 24 , 1868 . The location is easily dispensed with : Texarkana was not established until 1873 . '' But , based on a letter discovered by musicologist John Tennison in 2015 in the December 19 , 1856 edition of the Times - Picayune , it is clear that Texarkana was established as a place - name at least as early as 1856 . Consequently , it appears possible that Joplin , born 12 years later , could have been born in Texarkana . Despite evidence to support such a conclusion , some insist that Joplin was born in Linden , Texas , either in late 1867 or early 1868 . He was the second of six children ( the others being Monroe , Robert , William , Myrtle , and Ossie ) born to Giles Joplin , an ex-slave from North Carolina , and Florence Givens , a freeborn African - American woman from Kentucky . The Joplins subsequently moved to Texarkana where Giles worked as a laborer for the railroad and Florence was a cleaner . Joplin 's father had played the violin for plantation parties in North Carolina , and his mother sang and played the banjo . Joplin was given a rudimentary musical education by his family and from the age of seven , he was allowed to play the piano while his mother cleaned . At some point in the early 1880s , Giles Joplin left the family for another woman . His wife Florence struggled to support her children through domestic work . Biographer Susan Curtis speculated that the mother 's support of Joplin 's musical education was critical to the parents ' separation . Joplin 's father wanted the boy to pursue practical employment that would supplement the family income . According to a family friend , the young Joplin was serious and ambitious , studying music and playing the piano after school . While a few local teachers aided him , he received most of his music education from Julius Weiss , a German - born music professor who had immigrated to Texas in the late 1860s and was employed as music tutor to a prominent local business family . Weiss had studied music at university in Germany and was listed in town records as a Professor of music . Impressed by Joplin 's talent , and realizing his family 's dire straits , Weiss taught him free of charge . He tutored the 11 - year - old Joplin until the boy was 16 , during which time Weiss introduced him to folk and classical music , including opera . Weiss helped Joplin appreciate music as an `` art as well as an entertainment , '' and helped his mother acquire a used piano . According to Weiss ' wife , Lottie , Joplin never forgot Weiss . In his later years , after achieving fame as a composer , Joplin sent his former teacher `` ... gifts of money when he was old and ill , '' until Weiss died . At the age of 16 , Joplin performed in a vocal quartet with three other boys in and around Texarkana , also playing piano . In addition he taught guitar and mandolin . Life in the Southern States and Chicago ( edit ) In the late 1880s , having performed at various local events as a teenager , Joplin chose to give up work as a laborer with the railroad and left Texarkana to become a traveling musician . Little is known about his movements at this time , although he is recorded in Texarkana in July 1891 as a member of the Texarkana Minstrels in a performance that happened to be raising money for a monument to Jefferson Davis , President of the Southern Confederacy . He soon discovered , however , that there were few opportunities for black pianists . Churches and brothels were among the few options for steady work . Joplin played pre-ragtime ' jig - piano ' in various red - light districts throughout the mid-South , and some claim he was in Sedalia and St. Louis during this time . In 1893 Joplin was in Chicago for the World 's Fair . While in Chicago , he formed his first band playing cornet and began arranging music for the group to perform . Although the World 's Fair minimized the involvement of African - Americans , black performers still came to the saloons , cafés and brothels that lined the fair . The exposition was attended by 27 million Americans and had a profound effect on many areas of American cultural life , including ragtime . Although specific information is sparse , numerous sources have credited the Chicago World Fair with spreading the popularity of ragtime . Joplin found that his music , as well as that of other black performers , was popular with visitors . By 1897 ragtime had become a national craze in American cities , and was described by the St. Louis Dispatch as `` ... a veritable call of the wild , which mightily stirred the pulses of city bred people . '' Life in Missouri ( edit ) Maple Leaf Rag 1906 recording of the `` Maple Leaf Rag '' by the United States Marine Band . This is the first surviving recording of the `` Maple Leaf Rag '' Problems playing this file ? See media help . In 1894 Joplin arrived in Sedalia , Missouri . At first , Joplin stayed with the family of Arthur Marshall , at the time a 13 - year - old boy but later one of Joplin 's students and a rag - time composer in his own right . There is no record of Joplin having a permanent residence in the town until 1904 , as Joplin was making a living as a touring musician . Front cover of the third edition of the `` Maple Leaf Rag '' sheet music There is little precise evidence known about Joplin 's activities at this time , although he performed as a solo musician at dances and at the major black clubs in Sedalia , the Black 400 club and the Maple Leaf Club . He performed in the Queen City Cornet Band , and his own six - piece dance orchestra . A tour with his own singing group , the Texas Medley Quartet , gave him his first opportunity to publish his own compositions and it is known that he went to Syracuse , New York and Texas . Two businessmen from New York published Joplin 's first two works , the songs `` Please Say You Will '' , and `` A Picture of her Face '' in 1895 . Joplin 's visit to Temple , Texas enabled him to have three pieces published there in 1896 , including the `` Great Crush Collision March '' , which commemorated a planned train crash on the Missouri -- Kansas -- Texas Railroad on September 15 that he may have witnessed . The March was described by one of Joplin 's biographers as a `` special ... early essay in ragtime . '' While in Sedalia he was teaching piano to students who included future ragtime composers Arthur Marshall , Brun Campbell , and Scott Hayden . In turn , Joplin enrolled at the George R. Smith College , where he apparently studied `` ... advanced harmony and composition . '' The College records were destroyed in a fire in 1925 , and biographer Edward A. Berlin notes that it was unlikely that a small college for African - Americans would be able to provide such a course . In 1899 , Joplin married Belle , the sister - in - law of collaborator Scott Hayden . Although there were hundreds of rags in print by the time the `` Maple Leaf Rag '' was published , Joplin was not far behind . His first published rag , `` Original Rags '' , had been completed in 1897 , the same year as the first ragtime work in print , the `` Mississippi Rag '' by William Krell . The `` Maple Leaf Rag '' was likely to have been known in Sedalia before its publication in 1899 ; Brun Campbell claimed to have seen the manuscript of the work in around 1898 . The exact circumstances that led to the Maple Leaf Rag 's publication are unknown , and a number of versions of the event contradict each other . After several unsuccessful approaches to publishers , Joplin signed a contract on August 10 , 1899 with John Stillwell Stark , a retailer of musical instruments who later became his most important publisher . The contract stipulated that Joplin would receive a 1 % royalty on all sales of the rag , with a minimum sales price of 25 cents . With the inscription `` To the Maple Leaf Club '' prominently visible along the top of at least some editions , it is likely that the rag was named after the Maple Leaf Club , although there is no direct evidence to prove the link , and there were many other possible sources for the name in and around Sedalia at the time . Scott Joplin House in St. Louis , Missouri There have been many claims about the sales of the `` Maple Leaf Rag '' , for example that Joplin was the first musician to sell 1 million copies of a piece of instrumental music . Joplin 's first biographer , Rudi Blesh wrote that during its first six months the piece sold 75,000 copies , and became `` ... the first great instrumental sheet music hit in America . '' However , research by Joplin 's later biographer Edward A. Berlin demonstrated that this was not the case ; the initial print - run of 400 took one year to sell , and under the terms of Joplin 's contract with a 1 % royalty would have given Joplin an income of $4 ( or approximately $115 at current prices ) . Later sales were steady , and would have given Joplin an income that would have covered his expenses . In 1909 , estimated sales would have given him an income of $600 annually ( approximately $15,993 in current prices ) . The `` Maple Leaf Rag '' did serve as a model for the hundreds of rags to come from future composers , especially in the development of classic ragtime . After the publication of the `` Maple Leaf Rag '' , Joplin was soon being described as `` King of rag time writers '' , not least by himself on the covers of his own work , such as `` The Easy Winners '' and `` Elite Syncopations '' . After the Joplins moved to St. Louis in early 1900 , they had a baby daughter who died only a few months after birth . Joplin 's relationship with his wife was difficult , as she had no interest in music . They eventually separated and then divorced . About this time , Joplin collaborated with Scott Hayden in the composition of four rags . It was in St. Louis that Joplin produced some of his best - known works , including `` The Entertainer '' , `` March Majestic '' , and the short theatrical work `` The Ragtime Dance '' . In June 1904 , Joplin married Freddie Alexander of Little Rock , Arkansas , the young woman to whom he had dedicated `` The Chrysanthemum '' . She died on September 10 , 1904 , of complications resulting from a cold , ten weeks after their wedding . Joplin 's first work copyrighted after Freddie 's death , `` Bethena '' , was described by one biographer as `` ... an enchantingly beautiful piece that is among the greatest of ragtime waltzes . '' During this time , Joplin created an opera company of 30 people and produced his first opera A Guest of Honor for a national tour . It is not certain how many productions were staged , or even if this was an all - black show or a racially mixed production . During the tour , either in Springfield , Illinois , or Pittsburg , Kansas , someone associated with the company stole the box office receipts . Joplin could not meet the company 's payroll or pay for its lodgings at a theatrical boarding house . It is believed that the score for A Guest of Honor was lost and perhaps destroyed because of non-payment of the company 's boarding house bill . Later years and death ( edit ) Front cover of the `` Wall Street Rag '' ( 1909 ) sheet music In 1907 , Joplin moved to New York City , which he believed was the best place to find a producer for a new opera . After his move to New York , Joplin met Lottie Stokes , whom he married in 1909 . In 1911 , unable to find a publisher , Joplin undertook the financial burden of publishing Treemonisha himself in piano - vocal format . In 1915 , as a last - ditch effort to see it performed , he invited a small audience to hear it at a rehearsal hall in Harlem . Poorly staged and with only Joplin on piano accompaniment , it was `` a miserable failure '' to a public not ready for `` crude '' black musical forms -- so different from the European grand opera of that time . The audience , including potential backers , was indifferent and walked out . Scott writes that `` after a disastrous single performance ... Joplin suffered a breakdown . He was bankrupt , discouraged , and worn out . '' He concludes that few American artists of his generation faced such obstacles : `` Treemonisha went unnoticed and unreviewed , largely because Joplin had abandoned commercial music in favor of art music , a field closed to African Americans . '' In fact , it was not until the 1970s that the opera received a full theatrical staging . In 1914 , Joplin and Lottie self - published his `` Magnetic Rag '' as the Scott Joplin Music Company , which he had formed the previous December . Biographer Vera Brodsky Lawrence speculates that Joplin was aware of his advancing deterioration due to syphilis and was `` ... consciously racing against time . '' In her sleeve notes on the 1992 Deutsche Grammophon release of Treemonisha she notes that he `` ... plunged feverishly into the task of orchestrating his opera , day and night , with his friend Sam Patterson standing by to copy out the parts , page by page , as each page of the full score was completed . '' By 1916 , Joplin was suffering from tertiary syphilis and a resulting descent into insanity . In January 1917 , he was admitted to Manhattan State Hospital , a mental institution . He died there on April 1 of syphilitic dementia at the age of 49 and was buried in a pauper 's grave that remained unmarked for 57 years . His grave at Saint Michaels Cemetery in East Elmhurst was finally given a marker in 1974 , the year The Sting , which showcased his music , won for Best Picture at the Oscars . Works ( edit ) Further information : List of compositions by Scott Joplin Maple Leaf Rag The Entertainer Problems playing these files ? See media help . The combination of classical music , the musical atmosphere present around Texarkana ( including work songs , gospel hymns , spirituals and dance music ) and Joplin 's natural ability have been cited as contributing significantly to the invention of a new style that blended African - American musical styles with European forms and melodies , and first became celebrated in the 1890s : ragtime . When Joplin was learning the piano , serious musical circles condemned ragtime because of its association with the vulgar and inane songs `` ... cranked out by the tune - smiths of Tin Pan Alley . '' As a composer Joplin refined ragtime , elevating it above the low and unrefined form played by the `` ... wandering honky - tonk pianists ... playing mere dance music '' of popular imagination . This new art form , the classic rag , combined Afro - American folk music 's syncopation and 19th - century European romanticism , with its harmonic schemes and its march - like tempos . In the words of one critic , `` Ragtime was basically ... an Afro - American version of the polka , or its analog , the Sousa - style march . '' With this as a foundation , Joplin intended his compositions to be played exactly as he wrote them -- without improvisation . Joplin wrote his rags as `` classical '' music in miniature form in order to raise ragtime above its `` cheap bordello '' origins and produced work that opera historian Elise Kirk described as , `` ... more tuneful , contrapuntal , infectious , and harmonically colorful than any others of his era . '' Some speculate that Joplin 's achievements were influenced by his classically trained German music teacher Julius Weiss , who may have brought a polka rhythmic sensibility from the old country to the 11 - year old Joplin . As Curtis put it , `` The educated German could open up the door to a world of learning and music of which young Joplin was largely unaware . '' Joplin 's first and most significant hit , the `` Maple Leaf Rag '' , was described as the archetype of the classic rag , and influenced subsequent rag composers for at least 12 years after its initial publication thanks to its rhythmic patterns , melody lines , and harmony , though with the exception of Joseph Lamb , they generally failed to enlarge upon it . Treemonisha ( edit ) Treemonisha ( 1911 ) Main article : Treemonisha The opera 's setting is a former slave community in an isolated forest near Joplin 's childhood town Texarkana in September 1884 . The plot centers on an 18 - year - old woman Treemonisha who is taught to read by a white woman , and then leads her community against the influence of conjurers who prey on ignorance and superstition . Treemonisha is abducted and is about to be thrown into a wasps ' nest when her friend Remus rescues her . The community realizes the value of education and the liability of their ignorance before choosing her as their teacher and leader . Joplin wrote both the score and the libretto for the opera , which largely follows the form of European opera with many conventional arias , ensembles and choruses . In addition the themes of superstition and mysticism evident in Treemonisha are common in the operatic tradition , and certain aspects of the plot echo devices in the work of the German composer Richard Wagner ( of which Joplin was aware ) . A sacred tree Treemonisha sits beneath recalls the tree that Siegmund takes his enchanted sword from in Die Walküre , and the retelling of the heroine 's origins echos aspects of the opera Siegfried . In addition , African - American folk tales also influence the story -- the wasp nest incident is similar to the story of Br'er Rabbit and the briar patch . Treemonisha is not a ragtime opera -- because Joplin employed the styles of ragtime and other black music sparingly , using them to convey `` racial character , '' and to celebrate the music of his childhood at the end of the 19th century . The opera has been seen as a valuable record of rural black music from late 19th century re-created by a `` skilled and sensitive participant . '' Berlin speculates about parallels between the plot and Joplin 's own life . He notes that Lottie Joplin ( the composer 's third wife ) saw a connection between the character Treemonisha 's wish to lead her people out of ignorance , and a similar desire in the composer . In addition , it has been speculated that Treemonisha represents Freddie , Joplin 's second wife , because the date of the opera 's setting was likely to have been the month of her birth . At the time of the opera 's publication in 1911 , the American Musician and Art Journal praised it as , `` ... an entirely new form of operatic art . '' Later critics have also praised the opera as occupying a special place in American history , with its heroine , `` ... a startlingly early voice for modern civil rights causes , notably the importance of education and knowledge to African American advancement . '' Curtis 's conclusion is similar : `` In the end , Treemonisha offered a celebration of literacy , learning , hard work , and community solidarity as the best formula for advancing the race . '' Berlin describes it as a `` ... fine opera , certainly more interesting than most operas then being written in the United States , '' but later states that Joplin 's own libretto showed the composer , `` ... was not a competent dramatist , '' with the book not up to the quality of the music . As Rick Benjamin , the founder and director of the Paragon Ragtime Orchestra , found out , Joplin succeeded in performing Treemonisha for paying audiences in Bayonne , New Jersey , in 1913 . On 6 December 2011 , the centenary of the Joplin piano score 's publication , New World Records released an entirely new recording of Treemonisha . August 1984 saw the German premiere of Treemonisha at the Stadttheater Gießen . Another performance in Germany , falsely labelling itself as the German premiere , occurred on 25 April 2015 at the Staatsschauspiel Dresden under direction and choreography of Massimo Gerardi ( de ) . Performance skills ( edit ) `` Pleasant Moments -- Ragtime Waltz '' -- played by Scott Joplin ( April 1916 ) An April 1916 piano roll recording of Scott Joplin . Thought lost until discovered by a collector in New Zealand in 2006 . `` Maple Leaf Rag '' -- played by Scott Joplin ( June 1916 ) A June 1916 Piano Roll recording of Scott Joplin for The Aeolian Company . Problems playing these files ? See media help . Joplin 's skills as a pianist were described in glowing terms by a Sedalia newspaper in 1898 , and fellow ragtime composers Arthur Marshall and Joe Jordan both said that he played the instrument well . However , the son of publisher John Stark stated that Joplin was a rather mediocre pianist and that he composed on paper , rather than at the piano . Artie Matthews recalled the `` delight '' the St. Louis players took in outplaying Joplin . While Joplin never made an audio recording , his playing is preserved on seven piano rolls for use in mechanical player pianos . All seven were made in 1916 . Of these , the six released under the Connorized label show evidence of significant editing to correct the performance to strict rhythm and add embellishments , probably by the staff musicians at Connorized . Berlin theorizes that by the time Joplin reached St. Louis , he may have experienced discoordination of the fingers , tremors , and an inability to speak clearly -- all symptoms of the syphilis that took his life in 1917 . Biographer Blesh described the second roll recording of `` Maple Leaf Rag '' on the UniRecord label from June 1916 as `` ... shocking ... disorganized and completely distressing to hear . '' While there is disagreement among piano - roll experts as to how much of this is due to the relatively primitive recording and production techniques of the time , Berlin notes that the `` Maple Leaf Rag '' roll was likely to be the truest record of Joplin 's playing at the time . The roll , however , may not reflect his abilities earlier in life . Legacy ( edit ) `` Nonpareil '' ( 1907 ) Joplin and his fellow ragtime composers rejuvenated American popular music , fostering an appreciation for African - American music among European - Americans by creating exhilarating and liberating dance tunes . `` Its syncopation and rhythmic drive gave it a vitality and freshness attractive to young urban audiences indifferent to Victorian proprieties ... Joplin 's ragtime expressed the intensity and energy of a modern urban America . '' Joshua Rifkin , a leading Joplin recording artist , wrote , `` A pervasive sense of lyricism infuses his work , and even at his most high - spirited , he can not repress a hint of melancholy or adversity ... He had little in common with the fast and flashy school of ragtime that grew up after him . '' Joplin historian Bill Ryerson adds that , `` In the hands of authentic practitioners like Joplin , ragtime was a disciplined form capable of astonishing variety and subtlety ... Joplin did for the rag what Chopin did for the mazurka . His style ranged from tones of torment to stunning serenades that incorporated the bolero and the tango . '' Biographer Susan Curtis wrote that Joplin 's music had helped to `` revolutionise American music and culture '' by removing Victorian restraint . Composer and actor Max Morath found it striking that the vast majority of Joplin 's work did not enjoy the popularity of the `` Maple Leaf Rag '' , because while the compositions were of increasing lyrical beauty and delicate syncopation they remained obscure and unheralded during his lifetime . Joplin apparently realized that his music was ahead of its time : As music historian Ian Whitcomb mentions that Joplin , `` ... opined that `` Maple Leaf Rag '' would make him ' King of Ragtime Composers ' but he also knew that he would not be a pop hero in his own lifetime . ' When I 'm dead twenty - five years , people are going to recognize me , ' he told a friend . '' Just over thirty years later he was recognized , and later historian Rudi Blesh wrote a large book about ragtime , which he dedicated to the memory of Joplin . Although he was penniless and disappointed at the end of his life , Joplin set the standard for ragtime compositions and played a key role in the development of ragtime music . And as a pioneer composer and performer , he helped pave the way for young black artists to reach American audiences of both races . After his death , jazz historian Floyd Levin noted : `` Those few who realized his greatness bowed their heads in sorrow . This was the passing of the king of all ragtime writers , the man who gave America a genuine native music . '' Museum ( edit ) Main article : Scott Joplin House State Historic Site The home Joplin rented In St. Louis 1900 - 1903 was recognized as a National Historic Landmark in 1976 and was saved from destruction by the local African American community . In 1983 , the Missouri Department of Natural Resources made it the first state historic site in Missouri dedicated to the African American heritage . At first it focused entirely on Joplin and ragtime music , ignoring the urban milieu which shaped his musical compositions . A newer heritage project has expanded coverage to include the more complex social history of black urban migration and the transformation of a multi-ethnic neighborhood to the contemporary community . Part of this diverse narrative now includes coverage of uncomfortable topics of racial oppression , poverty , sanitation , prostitution , and sexually transmitted diseases . Revival ( edit ) After his death in 1917 , Joplin 's music and ragtime in general waned in popularity as new forms of musical styles , such as jazz and novelty piano , emerged . Even so , jazz bands and recording artists such as Tommy Dorsey in 1936 , Jelly Roll Morton in 1939 and J. Russell Robinson in 1947 released recordings of Joplin compositions . `` Maple Leaf Rag '' was the Joplin piece found most often on 78 rpm records . In the 1960s , a small - scale reawakening of interest in classical ragtime was underway among some American music scholars such as Trebor Tichenor , William Bolcom , William Albright and Rudi Blesh . Audiophile Records released a two record set , The Complete Piano Works of Scott Joplin , The Greatest of Ragtime Composers , performed by Knocky Parker , in 1970 . In 1968 , Bolcom and Albright interested Joshua Rifkin , a young musicologist , in the body of Joplin 's work . Together , they hosted an occasional ragtime - and - early - jazz evening on WBAI radio . In November 1970 , Rifkin released a recording called Scott Joplin : Piano Rags on the classical label Nonesuch . It sold 100,000 copies in its first year and eventually became Nonesuch 's first million - selling record . The Billboard `` Best - Selling Classical LPs '' chart for September 28 , 1974 has the record at number 5 , with the follow - up `` Volume 2 '' at number 4 , and a combined set of both volumes at number 3 . Separately both volumes had been on the chart for 64 weeks . In the top seven spots on that chart , six of the entries were recordings of Joplin 's work , three of which were Rifkin 's . Record stores found themselves for the first time putting ragtime in the classical music section . The album was nominated in 1971 for two Grammy Award categories : Best Album Notes and Best Instrumental Soloist Performance ( without orchestra ) . Rifkin was also under consideration for a third Grammy for a recording not related to Joplin , but at the ceremony on March 14 , 1972 , Rifkin did not win in any category . He did a tour in 1974 , which included appearances on BBC Television and a sell - out concert at London 's Royal Festival Hall . In 1979 Alan Rich in the New York Magazine wrote that by giving artists like Rifkin the opportunity to put Joplin 's music on disk Nonesuch Records `` ... created , almost alone , the Scott Joplin revival . '' In January 1971 , Harold C. Schonberg , music critic at The New York Times , having just heard the Rifkin album , wrote a featured Sunday edition article entitled `` Scholars , Get Busy on Scott Joplin ! '' Schonberg 's call to action has been described as the catalyst for classical music scholars , the sort of people Joplin had battled all his life , to conclude that Joplin was a genius . Vera Brodsky Lawrence of the New York Public Library published a two - volume set of Joplin works in June 1971 , entitled The Collected Works of Scott Joplin , stimulating a wider interest in the performance of Joplin 's music . In mid-February 1973 under the direction of Gunther Schuller , The New England Conservatory Ragtime Ensemble recorded an album of Joplin 's rags taken from the period collection Standard High - Class Rags called Joplin : The Red Back Book . The album won a Grammy Award as Best Chamber Music Performance in that year , and went on to become Billboard magazine 's Top Classical Album of 1974 . The group subsequently recorded two more albums for Golden Crest Records : More Scott Joplin Rags in 1974 and The Road From Rags To Jazz in 1975 . In 1973 , film producer George Roy Hill contacted Schuller and Rifkin separately , asking each man to write the score for a film project he was working on : The Sting . Both men turned down the request because of previous commitments . Instead Hill found Marvin Hamlisch available , and brought him into the project as composer . Hamlisch lightly adapted Joplin 's music for The Sting , for which he won an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and Adaptation on April 2 , 1974 . His version of `` The Entertainer '' reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the American Top 40 music chart on May 18 , 1974 , prompting The New York Times to write , `` The whole nation has begun to take notice . '' Thanks to the film and its score , Joplin 's work became appreciated in both the popular and classical music world , becoming ( in the words of music magazine Record World ) , the `` classical phenomenon of the decade . '' Rifkin later said of the film soundtrack that Hamlisch lifted his piano adaptations directly from Rifkin 's style and his band adaptations from Schuller 's style . Schuller said Hamlisch , `` ... got the Oscar for music he did n't write ( since it is by Joplin ) and arrangements he did n't write , and ' editions ' he did n't make . A lot of people were upset by that , but that 's show biz ! '' On October 22 , 1971 , excerpts from Treemonisha were presented in concert form at Lincoln Center with musical performances by Bolcom , Rifkin and Mary Lou Williams supporting a group of singers . Finally , on January 28 , 1972 , T.J. Anderson 's orchestration of Treemonisha was staged for two consecutive nights , sponsored by the Afro - American Music Workshop of Morehouse College in Atlanta , with singers accompanied by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Robert Shaw , and choreography by Katherine Dunham . Schonberg remarked in February 1972 that the `` Scott Joplin Renaissance '' was in full swing and still growing . In May 1975 , Treemonisha was staged in a full opera production by the Houston Grand Opera . The company toured briefly , then settled into an eight - week run in New York on Broadway at the Palace Theatre in October and November . This appearance was directed by Gunther Schuller , and soprano Carmen Balthrop alternated with Kathleen Battle as the title character . An `` original Broadway cast '' recording was produced . Because of the lack of national exposure given to the brief Morehouse College staging of the opera in 1972 , many Joplin scholars wrote that the Houston Grand Opera 's 1975 show was the first full production . 1974 saw the Royal Ballet , under director Kenneth MacMillan , create Elite Syncopations a ballet based on tunes by Joplin and other composers of the era . That year also brought the premiere by the Los Angeles Ballet of Red Back Book , choreographed by John Clifford to Joplin rags from the collection of the same name , including both solo piano performances and arrangements for full orchestra . In 2016 , Scott Joplin appeared as a character in the second season of the Comedy Central show Another Period , portrayed by Cedric the Entertainer . Other Awards and recognition ( edit ) 1970 : Joplin was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame by the National Academy of Popular Music . 1976 : Joplin was awarded a special Pulitzer Prize , `` ... bestowed posthumously in this Bicentennial Year , for his contributions to American music . '' 1977 : Motown Productions produced Scott Joplin , a biographical film starring Billy Dee Williams as Joplin , released by Universal Pictures . 1983 : the United States Postal Service issued a stamp of the composer as part of its Black Heritage commemorative series . 1989 : Joplin received a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame . 2002 : a collection of Joplin 's own performances recorded on piano rolls in the 1900s ( decade ) was included by the National Recording Preservation Board in the Library of Congress National Recording Registry . The board annually selects songs that are `` ... culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 121 Jump up ^ Joplin , Scott ( 1899 ) . Maple Leaf Rag ( 2nd edition ) ( sheet music cover ) . John Stark . p. 1 . ^ Jump up to : Edwards 2008 . Jump up ^ Berlin , Edward A. `` Scott Joplin : Brief Biographical Sketch '' . Berlin . Retrieved April 9 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Berlin , Edward A. `` Scott Joplin : Brief Biographical Sketch '' . Retrieved May 3 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Jasen , David A. ( 2007 ) . Ragtime : An Encyclopedia , Discography , and Sheetography . New York : Taylor & Francis . p. 109 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 415 - 97862 - 0 . Retrieved 2013 - 02 - 24 . Jump up ^ Jasen & Tichenor ( 1978 ) p. 82 . Jump up ^ `` Scott Joplin '' . Texas Music History Online . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2011 . Retrieved November 22 , 2006 . Jump up ^ Kirchner ( 2005 ) p. 32 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 6 . ^ Jump up to : Curtis ( 2004 ) p. 38 . ^ Jump up to : Albrecht ( 1979 ) pp. 89 -- 105 . ^ Jump up to : Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 7 -- 8 . Jump up ^ Christensen ( 1999 ) p. 442 Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 9 ^ Jump up to : Kirk ( 2001 ) p. 190 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 8 -- 9 Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 11 -- 12 . Jump up ^ Christensen ( 1999 ) p. 442 . Jump up ^ St. Louis Dispatch , quoted in Scott & Rutkoff ( 2001 ) p. 36 Jump up ^ Jasen ( 1981 ) p. 319 -- 320 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 131 -- 132 . Jump up ^ Edwards 2010 . Jump up ^ RedHotJazz . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 24 -- 25 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 25 -- 27 . Jump up ^ Blesh ( 1981 ) p. xviii . ^ Jump up to : Scott & Rutkoff ( 2001 ) p. 37 Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 19 Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 31 -- 34 Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 27 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 47 , 52 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 56 , 58 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 62 . Jump up ^ Blesh ( 1981 ) p. xxiii . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 56 , 58 . ^ Jump up to : Blesh ( 1981 ) p. xxiii . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 128 . ^ Jump up to : Ryerson ( 1973 ) ^ Jump up to : Jasen & Tichenor ( 1978 ) p. 88 Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 142 Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 149 . Jump up ^ `` Profile of Scott Joplin '' . Classical.net . Retrieved November 14 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Kirk ( 2001 ) p. 191 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 226 , 230 . Jump up ^ Vera Brodsky Lawrence , Sleeve notes to 1992 Deutsche Grammophon release of Treemonisha , quoted in Kirk ( 2001 ) p. 191 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 239 . Jump up ^ Walsh , Michael ( September 19 , 1994 ) . `` American Schubert '' . Time . Retrieved November 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Berlin 1998 . Jump up ^ Scott & Rutkoff ( 2001 ) p. 38 . Jump up ^ John Chancellor ( October 3 , 1974 ) . `` Vanderbilt Television News Archive summary '' . Vanderbilt Television News Archive . Retrieved December 17 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Curtis ( 2004 ) p. 37 . ^ Jump up to : Whitcomb ( 1986 ) p. 24 . Jump up ^ Davis ( 1995 ) pp. 67 -- 68 . Jump up ^ Williams ( 1987 ) Jump up ^ Tennison , John . `` History of Boogie Woogie '' . Chapter 15 . Retrieved October 4 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Kirchner ( 2005 ) p. 33 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 203 . Jump up ^ Crawford ( 2001 ) p. 545 . ^ Jump up to : Christensen ( 1999 ) p. 444 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 203 -- 204 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 202 , 204 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 207 -- 208 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 202 . Jump up ^ Kirk ( 2001 ) p. 194 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 202 -- 203 . Jump up ^ Barrymore Laurence Scherer ( 6 December 2011 ) . `` Opera Treemonisha as It Was Intended To Be '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 26 April 2015 . Jump up ^ Nancy R. Ping Robbins , Guy Marco : Scott Joplin : A Guide to Research . Routledge , 2014 , p. 299 Jump up ^ `` Treemonisha Oper mit getanzten Szenen '' . Staatsschauspiel Dresden . Retrieved 26 April 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Pianola.co.nz '' . Retrieved April 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Jasen & Tichenor ( 1978 ) p. 86 . ^ Jump up to : Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 237 . Jump up ^ `` List of Piano Roll Artists '' . Pianola . Retrieved July 31 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Berlin ( 1994 ) pp. 237 , 239 . Jump up ^ Blesh ( 1981 ) p. xxxix . Jump up ^ Siepmann ( 1998 ) p. 36 . Jump up ^ Philip ( 1998 ) pp. 77 -- 78 . Jump up ^ Howat ( 1986 ) p. 160 . Jump up ^ McElhone ( 2004 ) p. 26 . Jump up ^ Rifkin , Joshua . Scott Joplin Piano Rags , Nonesuch Records ( 1970 ) album cover Jump up ^ Curtis ( 2004 ) p. 1 . Jump up ^ Levin ( 2002 ) p. 197 . Jump up ^ Timothy Baumann , et al. `` Interpreting Uncomfortable History at the Scott Joplin House State Historic Site in St. Louis , Missouri . '' The public historian 33.2 ( 2011 ) : 37 - 66 . online Jump up ^ Jasen ( 1981 ) pp. 319 -- 320 . Jump up ^ The Complete Piano Works of Scott Joplin , The Greatest of Ragtime Composers , John W. ( Knocky ) Parker , piano . Audiophile Records ( 1970 ) AP 71 -- 72 Jump up ^ Waldo ( 1976 ) pp. 179 -- 182 . Jump up ^ `` Scott Joplin Piano Rags Nonesuch Records CD ( with bonus tracks ) '' . Retrieved March 19 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Nonesuch Records '' . Retrieved March 19 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Billboard Magazine 1974a , p. 61 ... Jump up ^ `` Entertainment Awards Database '' . LA Times . Retrieved March 17 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Kronenberger , John ( August 11 , 1974 ) . `` The Ragtime Revival -- A Belated Ode to Composer Scott Joplin '' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ Rich 1979 , p. 81 ... Jump up ^ Schonberg , Harold C. ( January 24 , 1971 ) . `` Scholars , Get Busy on Scott Joplin ! '' . The New York Times . Retrieved March 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Waldo ( 1976 ) p. 184 . Jump up ^ Billboard Magazine & December 26 , 1974 , pp. 4 , 34 ... ^ Jump up to : Waldo ( 1976 ) p. 187 . Jump up ^ `` Entertainment Awards Database '' . LA Times . Retrieved March 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Charis Music Group , compilation of cue sheets from the American Top 40 radio Show '' ( PDF ) . Retrieved September 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Billboard Magazine 1974b , p. 64 . Jump up ^ Record World Magazine July 1974 , quoted in Berlin ( 1994 ) p. 251 . ^ Jump up to : Ping - Robbins 1998 , p. 289 . ^ Jump up to : Peterson , Bernard L. ( 1993 ) . A century of musicals in black and white . Westport , Connecticut : Greenwood Press . p. 357 . ISBN 0 - 313 - 26657 - 3 . Retrieved March 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Schonberg , Harold C. ( February 13 , 1972 ) . `` The Scott Joplin Renaissance Grows '' . The New York Times . Retrieved March 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Birmingham Royal Ballet '' . Retrieved September 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Songwriters Hall of Fame '' . Retrieved March 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Special Awards and Citations '' . The Pulitzer Prizes . Retrieved March 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ IMDB.com . Jump up ^ ESPER . Jump up ^ St. Louis Walk of Fame . `` St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees '' . stlouiswalkoffame.org . Retrieved 25 April 2013 . Jump up ^ `` 2002 National Recording Registry from the National Recording Preservation Board of the Library of Congress '' . Library of Congress . Retrieved September 6 , 2009 . References ( edit ) Bibliography ( edit ) Books ( edit ) Blesh , Rudi ( 1981 ) . `` Scott Joplin : Black - American Classicist '' . In Lawrence , Vera Brodsky . Scott Joplin Complete Piano Works . New York Public Library . ISBN 0 - 87104 - 272 - X . Berlin , Edward A. ( 1994 ) . King of Ragtime : Scott Joplin and His Era . Oxford Univ . Press . ISBN 0 - 19 - 510108 - 1 . Crawford , Richard ( 2001 ) . America 's Musical Life : A History . W.W. Norton & Co . ISBN 0 - 393 - 04810 - 1 . Curtis , Susan ( 1999 ) . Christensen , Lawrence O , ed . Dictionary of Missouri Biography . Univ. of Missouri Press . ISBN 0 - 8262 - 1222 - 0 . Retrieved October 2 , 2009 . Curtis , Susan ( 2004 ) . Dancing to a Black Man 's Tune : A Life of Scott Joplin . Univ. of Missouri Press . ISBN 0 - 8262 - 1547 - 5 . Davis , Francis ( 1995 ) . The History of the Blues : The Roots , the Music , the People . Hyperion . ISBN 0 - 306 - 81296 - 7 . Gioia , Ted ( 1997 ) . The History of Jazz . New York : Oxford University Press . ISBN 0 - 19 - 509081 - 0 . Haskins , James ( 1978 ) . Scott Joplin . New York : Doubleday & Company , Inc . ISBN 0 - 385 - 11155 - X . Howat , Roy ( 1986 ) . Debussy in Proportion : A Musical Analysis . Cambridge University Press . ISBN 0 - 521 - 31145 - 4 . Retrieved April 17 , 2009 . Jasen , David A. ; Trebor Jay Tichenor ( 1978 ) . Rags and Ragtime : A Musical History . New York , NY : Dover Publications , Inc. p. 88 . ISBN 0 - 486 - 25922 - 6 . Jasen , David A. ( 1981 ) . `` Discography of 78 rpm Records of Joplin Works '' . In Lawrence , Vera Brodsky . Scott Joplin Complete Piano Works . New York Public Library . ISBN 0 - 87104 - 272 - X . Kirk , Elise Kuhl ( 2001 ) . American Opera . Univ. of Illinois Press . ISBN 0 - 252 - 02623 - 3 . Lawrence , Vera Brodsky , ed. ( 1971 ) . Scott Joplin Complete Piano Works . New York Public Library . ISBN 0 - 87104 - 242 - 8 . Levin , Floyd ( 2002 ) . Classic Jazz : A Personal View of the Music and the Musicians . Univ. of California Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 520 - 23463 - 5 . MaGee , Jeffrey ( 1998 ) . `` Ragtime and Early Jazz '' . In David Nicholls ( ed . ) . The Cambridge History of American Music . New York : The Cambridge University Press . ISBN 0 - 521 - 45429 - 8 . CS1 maint : Extra text : editors list ( link ) McElhone , Kevin ( 2004 ) . Mechanical Music ( 2 ed . ) . Osprey Publishing . ISBN 0 - 7478 - 0578 - 4 . Retrieved April 16 , 2009 . Morath , Max ( 2005 ) . Kirchner , Bill , ed . The Oxford Companion to Jazz . Oxford Univ . Press . ISBN 0 - 19 - 518359 - 2 . Palmer , Tony ( 1976 ) . All You Need Is Love / The Story Of Popular Music . Book Club Associates . ISBN 978 - 0 - 670 - 11448 - 1 . Philip , Robert ( 1998 ) . Rowland , David , ed . The Cambridge Companion to the Piano . Cambridge Companions to Music ( Illustrated , reprint ed . ) . Cambridge University Press . ISBN 0 - 521 - 47986 - X . Retrieved April 17 , 2009 . Scott , William B. ; Rutkoff , Peter M ( 2001 ) . New York Modern : The Arts and the City . Johns Hopkins Univ . Press . ISBN 0 - 8018 - 6793 - 2 . Ping - Robbins , Nancy R. ( 1998 ) . Scott Joplin : a guide to research . p. 289 . ISBN 0 - 8240 - 8399 - 7 . Retrieved March 20 , 2009 . Siepmann , Jeremy ( 1998 ) . The Piano : The Complete Illustrated Guide to the World 's Most Popular Musical Instrument . Hal Leonard Corporation . ISBN 0 - 7935 - 9976 - 8 . Ryerson , Bill ; Joplin , Scott ( 1973 ) . Best of Scott Joplin : a Collection of Original Ragtime Piano Compositions. C. Hansen Music and Books . ISBN 0 - 8494 - 0581 - 5 . Waldo , Terry ( 1976 ) . This Is Ragtime . New York : Hawthorn Books , Inc . ISBN 0 - 8015 - 7618 - 0 . Waterman , Guy ( 1985a ) . `` Ragtime '' . In J.E. Hasse ( ed . ) . Ragtime : Its History , Composers , and Music . New York : Shirmer Books . ISBN 0 - 02 - 871650 - 7 . CS1 maint : Extra text : editors list ( link ) Waterman , Guy ( 1985b ) . `` Joplin 's Late Rags : An Analysis '' . In J.E. Hasse ( ed . ) . Ragtime : Its History , Composers , and Music . New York : Shirmer Books . ISBN 0 - 02 - 871650 - 7 . CS1 maint : Extra text : editors list ( link ) Whitomb , Ian ( 1986 ) . After the Ball . Hal Leonard Corp . ISBN 0 - 87910 - 063 - X . Williams , Martin ( 1959 ) . The Art of Jazz : Ragtime to Bebop . New York : Oxford University Press . ISBN 0 - 306 - 80134 - 5 . Williams , Martin , ed. ( 1987 ) . The Smithsonian Collection of Classic Jazz . Smithsonian Institution Press . ISBN 0 - 393 - 99342 - 6 . Web - pages ( edit ) Berlin , Edward A. ( 2012 ) . `` Scott Joplin : Brief Biographical Sketch '' . Edward A. Berlin . Retrieved April 3 , 2012 . Berlin , Edward A. ( 1998 ) . `` A Biography of Scott Joplin '' . The Scott Joplin International Ragtime Foundation . Retrieved November 14 , 2009 . Edwards , `` Perfessor '' Bill ( 2008 ) . `` Rags & Pieces by Scott Joplin , 1895 -- 1905 '' . Retrieved November 14 , 2009 . Edwards , `` Perfessor '' Bill ( 2010 ) . `` '' Perfessor '' Bill 's guide to notable Ragtime Era Composers `` . Retrieved July 28 , 2011 . ESPER . `` Black Heritage Stamp issues '' . Ebony Society of Philatelic Reflections , Inc . Retrieved August 17 , 2011 . IMDB.com . `` Listing for Scott Joplin ( TV 1977 ) '' . IMDB.com , Inc . Retrieved August 16 , 2011 . RedHotJazz . `` Wilbur Sweatman and His Band '' . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . St. Louis Walk of Fame . `` Inductees to the St. Louis Walk of Fame '' . St. Louis Walk of Fame . Retrieved August 17 , 2011 . Journals ( edit ) Albrecht , Theodore ( 1979 ) . Julius Weiss : Scott Joplin 's First Piano Teacher. 19 . Case Western Univ . College Music Symposium . pp. 89 -- 105 . Billboard Magazine ( 1974a ) . `` Best Selling Classical LPs '' . Billboard . Nielsen Business Media , Inc . ( September 28 , 1974 ) : 61 . Retrieved July 29 , 2011 . Billboard Magazine ( 1974b ) . `` Hot 100 '' . Billboard . Nielsen Business Media , Inc . ( May 18 , 1974 ) : 64 . Retrieved August 5 , 2011 . Rich , Alan ( 1979 ) . `` Music '' . New York Magazine . New York Media LLC ( December 24 , 1979 ) : 81 . Retrieved August 5 , 2011 . External links ( edit ) Find more aboutScott Joplinat Wikipedia 's sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Texas State Historical Association -- Biography of Scott Joplin The Scott Joplin International Ragtime Foundation Joplin at St. Louis Walk of Fame `` Perfessor '' Bill Edwards plays Joplin , with anecdotes and research . Maple Leaf Rag A site dedicated to 100 years of the Maple Leaf Rag . The Scott Joplin House -- St. Louis , Missouri Scott Joplin at Find a Grave Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture Scott Joplin at Library of Congress Authorities , with 276 catalog records Recordings and sheet music ( edit ) Free recordings of Joplin 's music in Mp3 format by various pianists at PianoSociety.com www.kreusch-sheet-music.net -- Free scores by Joplin Sheet Music and Covers ( includes cover art , comprehensive sheet music selection , and biography ) Free scores by Scott Joplin at the International Music Score Library Project ( IMSLP ) Kunst der Fuge : Scott Joplin -- MIDI files ( live and piano - rolls recordings ) John Roache 's site has MIDI performances of ragtime music by Joplin and others The Mutopia Project has compositions by Scott Joplin Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards ( Arts ) Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II for Oklahoma ! ( 1944 ) Roger Sessions ( 1974 ) Scott Joplin ( 1976 ) Milton Babbitt ( 1982 ) William Schuman ( 1985 ) George Gershwin ( 1998 ) Duke Ellington ( 1999 ) Thelonious Monk ( 2006 ) John Coltrane ( 2007 ) Bob Dylan ( 2008 ) Hank Williams ( 2010 ) Complete list ( Journalism ) ( Letters ) ( Arts ) ( Service ) Scott Joplin Compositions Piano rags `` Original Rags '' ( 1899 ) `` Maple Leaf Rag '' ( 1899 ) `` The Easy Winners '' ( 1901 ) `` Elite Syncopations '' ( 1902 ) `` The Entertainer '' ( 1902 ) `` The Ragtime Dance '' ( 1902 / 1906 ) `` Weeping Willow '' ( 1903 ) `` Searchlight Rag '' ( 1907 ) `` Wall Street Rag '' ( 1909 ) `` Silver Swan Rag '' ( 1914 / 1971 ) `` Magnetic Rag '' ( 1914 ) Operas and other music A Guest of Honor ( 1903 ) Bethena ( 1905 ) Treemonisha ( 1911 ) Collaborations `` Swipesy Cakewalk '' ( 1900 ) `` Sunflower Slow Drag '' ( 1901 ) `` Heliotrope Bouquet '' ( 1907 ) Related articles The Sting ( 1973 ) Scott Joplin : Piano Rags ( 1970 ) Scott Joplin ( 1977 ) Biography portal VIAF : 56796614 LCCN : n50039880 ISNI : 0000 0001 0904 5211 GND : 119174030 SUDOC : 060341742 BNF : cb13895753j ( data ) MusicBrainz : aec8a328 - d2e8 - 4780 - b2ea - 318c7f8d6f75 NDL : 00756299 ICCU : IT \ ICCU \ CFIV \ 040245 BNE : XX1114220 IATH : w6mc959q Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scott_Joplin&oldid=804713980 '' Categories : Scott Joplin 1860s births 1868 births 1917 deaths 19th - century American pianists 19th - century classical composers 19th - century classical pianists 20th - century American pianists 20th - century classical composers 20th - century classical pianists African - American classical composers African - American classical musicians African - American classical pianists African - American opera composers American classical composers American classical musicians American male classical composers American music educators American Romantic composers Composers for piano Deaths from syphilis Male opera composers Musicians from Missouri Musicians from St. Louis Musicians from Texas People from Sedalia , Missouri People from Texarkana , Texas Pulitzer Prize winners Ragtime composers Ragtime pianists Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Texas classical music Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from October 2012 Use American English from April 2017 All Wikipedia articles written in American English Articles with hCards Articles with hAudio microformats Interlanguage link template link number CS1 maint : Extra text : editors list Find a Grave template with ID same as Wikidata Composers with IMSLP links Articles with International Music Score Library Project links Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with SBN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Wikisource Български Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Қазақша Latina Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Papiamentu Piemontèis Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Ślůnski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 10 October 2017 , at 17 : 58 . 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