Datasets:
Tasks:
Text Classification
Modalities:
Text
Formats:
csv
Languages:
Arabic
Size:
10K - 100K
License:
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README.md
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---
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license: "cc-by-4.0"
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language:
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- ar
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task_categories:
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- text-classification
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tags:
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- arabic
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- dialect-identification
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- multilingual
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- sociolinguistics
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- code-switching
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- bivalency
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configs:
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- config_name: full_text
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description: "Raw dialectal text files for EGY, GLF, LAV, NOR and MSA."
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- config_name: freq_lists
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description: "Dialect-specific vocabulary lists, bivalency-removed lists and MSA shared lists."
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---
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# Arabic Dialects Dataset (Bivalency & Code-Switching)
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The **Arabic Dialects Dataset** is a specialised corpus designed for automatic dialect identification, with a focus on the linguistic phenomena of **bivalency** and **written code-switching** between major Arabic dialects and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA).
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It covers five varieties:
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- **EGY** – Egyptian Arabic
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- **GLF** – Gulf Arabic
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- **LAV** – Levantine Arabic
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- **NOR** – North African / Tunisian Arabic
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- **MSA** – Modern Standard Arabic
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The dataset was created for research on fine-grained linguistic variation and has been used to evaluate new methods such as **Subtractive Bivalency Profiling (SBP)**, achieving over **76% accuracy** in supervised dialect identification.
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This HuggingFace release makes the dataset machine-readable and ready for text classification, feature engineering, or corpus linguistic exploration.
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---
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## 📘 Citation
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If you use this dataset, please cite:
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**El-Haj M., Rayson P., Aboelezz M. (2018)**
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*Arabic Dialect Identification in the Context of Bivalency and Code-Switching.*
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In **Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018)**, Miyazaki, Japan, pp. 3622–3627.
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European Language Resources Association (ELRA).
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PDF: https://elhaj.uk/docs/237_Paper.pdf
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---
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## 📂 Dataset Structure
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The dataset is distributed across two main sections:
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### **1. Dialects Full Text**
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Five files, each containing all instances belonging to one dialect:
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```
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Dialects Full Text/
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│── allEGY.txt
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│── allGLF.txt
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│── allLAV.txt
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│── allMSA.txt
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└── allNOR.txt
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```
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---
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Each file contains raw text samples, one per line, suitable for direct use in dialect classification experiments.
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---
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### **2. Dialectal Frequency Lists**
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These resources support linguistic analysis and the SBP approach introduced in the paper.
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```
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Dialects Frequency Lists/
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│
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├── Bivalency Removed (dialect - MSA)/
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│ allEGY_minusMSA.txt
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│ allGLF_minusMSA.txt
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│ allLAV_minusMSA.txt
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│ allNOR_minusMSA.txt
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│
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├── Dialects’ MSA/
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│ allEGY_dialectal_MSA.txt
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│ allGLF_dialectal_MSA.txt
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│ allLAV_dialectal_MSA.txt
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│ allNOR_dialectal_MSA.txt
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│
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├── Dialects Tokens WITH Frequency Count/
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│ all-EGY_FreqList.txt
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│ all-GLF_FreqList.txt
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│ all-LAV_FreqList.txt
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│ all-MSA_FreqList.txt
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│ all-NOR_FreqList.txt
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│
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└── Dialects Tokens NO Frequency Count/
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all-EGY_FreqList2.txt
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all-GLF_FreqList2.txt
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all-LAV_FreqList2.txt
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all-MSA_FreqList2.txt
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all-NOR_FreqList2.txt
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```
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**These include:**
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- **Bivalency-removed lists:** dialect-specific vocabularies after removing shared (bivalent) words
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- **Dialectal-MSA lists:** vocabulary shared with MSA via written code-switching
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- **Frequency lists:** token frequency counts
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- **Non-frequency lists:** raw token lists without counts
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---
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##
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This dataset was developed at UCREL, Lancaster University, as part of research into Arabic dialect variation, bivalency, and automatic dialect identification.
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---
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license: "cc-by-4.0"
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language:
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- ar
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task_categories:
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- text-classification
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tags:
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- arabic
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- dialect-identification
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- multilingual
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- sociolinguistics
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- code-switching
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- bivalency
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configs:
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- config_name: full_text
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description: "Raw dialectal text files for EGY, GLF, LAV, NOR and MSA."
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- config_name: freq_lists
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description: "Dialect-specific vocabulary lists, bivalency-removed lists and MSA shared lists."
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---
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# Arabic Dialects Dataset (Bivalency & Code-Switching)
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The **Arabic Dialects Dataset** is a specialised corpus designed for automatic dialect identification, with a focus on the linguistic phenomena of **bivalency** and **written code-switching** between major Arabic dialects and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA).
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It covers five varieties:
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- **EGY** – Egyptian Arabic
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- **GLF** – Gulf Arabic
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- **LAV** – Levantine Arabic
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- **NOR** – North African / Tunisian Arabic
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- **MSA** – Modern Standard Arabic
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The dataset was created for research on fine-grained linguistic variation and has been used to evaluate new methods such as **Subtractive Bivalency Profiling (SBP)**, achieving over **76% accuracy** in supervised dialect identification.
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This HuggingFace release makes the dataset machine-readable and ready for text classification, feature engineering, or corpus linguistic exploration.
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---
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## 📘 Citation
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If you use this dataset, please cite:
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**El-Haj M., Rayson P., Aboelezz M. (2018)**
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*Arabic Dialect Identification in the Context of Bivalency and Code-Switching.*
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In **Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018)**, Miyazaki, Japan, pp. 3622–3627.
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European Language Resources Association (ELRA).
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PDF: https://elhaj.uk/docs/237_Paper.pdf
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---
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## 📂 Dataset Structure
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The dataset is distributed across two main sections:
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### **1. Dialects Full Text**
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Five files, each containing all instances belonging to one dialect:
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```
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Dialects Full Text/
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│── allEGY.txt
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│── allGLF.txt
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│── allLAV.txt
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│── allMSA.txt
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└── allNOR.txt
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```
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---
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Each file contains raw text samples, one per line, suitable for direct use in dialect classification experiments.
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---
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### **2. Dialectal Frequency Lists**
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These resources support linguistic analysis and the SBP approach introduced in the paper.
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```
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Dialects Frequency Lists/
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│
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├── Bivalency Removed (dialect - MSA)/
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│ allEGY_minusMSA.txt
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│ allGLF_minusMSA.txt
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│ allLAV_minusMSA.txt
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│ allNOR_minusMSA.txt
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│
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├── Dialects’ MSA/
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│ allEGY_dialectal_MSA.txt
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│ allGLF_dialectal_MSA.txt
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│ allLAV_dialectal_MSA.txt
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│ allNOR_dialectal_MSA.txt
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│
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├── Dialects Tokens WITH Frequency Count/
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│ all-EGY_FreqList.txt
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│ all-GLF_FreqList.txt
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│ all-LAV_FreqList.txt
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│ all-MSA_FreqList.txt
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│ all-NOR_FreqList.txt
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│
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└── Dialects Tokens NO Frequency Count/
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all-EGY_FreqList2.txt
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all-GLF_FreqList2.txt
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all-LAV_FreqList2.txt
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all-MSA_FreqList2.txt
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all-NOR_FreqList2.txt
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```
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**These include:**
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- **Bivalency-removed lists:** dialect-specific vocabularies after removing shared (bivalent) words
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- **Dialectal-MSA lists:** vocabulary shared with MSA via written code-switching
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- **Frequency lists:** token frequency counts
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- **Non-frequency lists:** raw token lists without counts
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---
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## 📊 **CSV Conversion + Train/Dev/Test Splits**
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The original text files were converted into a unified sentence-level CSV: arabic_dialects_full.csv
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with the schema:
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| sentence | dialect |
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|----------|---------|
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| … | EGY / GLF / LAV / MSA / NOR |
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Each sentence corresponds to one line from the original files.
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This CSV was then **stratified and split** into:
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arabic_dialects_train.csv
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arabic_dialects_dev.csv
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arabic_dialects_test.csv
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Splits preserve dialect balance and follow an 80/10/10 ratio.
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These files power the `csv_splits` configuration for immediate model training.
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---
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## 🧪 Intended Use
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This dataset supports several research tasks:
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### **Dialect Identification**
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- Train machine-learning models to classify EGY/GLF/LAV/NOR/MSA
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- Evaluate performance on highly bivalent and lexically overlapping dialects
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- Benchmark features beyond n-grams
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### **Bivalency & Code-Switching Analysis**
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- Study how words shift between dialects and MSA
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- Explore written code-switching in online text and commentary discourse
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### **Linguistic Feature Engineering**
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- Use SBP lists as interpretable features
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- Combine stylistic, grammatical, and frequency-based signals
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---
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## 📊 Data Statistics
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(From the original publication)
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| Dialect | Sentences | Words |
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|--------|-----------|-------|
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| EGY | 4,061 | 118,152 |
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| GLF | 2,546 | 65,752 |
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| LAV | 2,463 | 67,976 |
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| MSA | 3,731 | 49,985 |
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| NOR | 3,693 | 53,204 |
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| **Total** | **16,494** | **355,069** |
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---
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## 🔍 Example Usage
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### Load the full text for dialect classification
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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ds = load_dataset("YOUR_REPO_NAME", "full_text")
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print(ds["train"][0])
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ds = load_dataset("YOUR_REPO_NAME", "freq_lists")
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freq_list = ds["EGY_freq"]
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```
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---
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## ⚠ Licence
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This dataset is released for research purposes only.
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Texts originate from publicly available online sources or earlier datasets where redistribution for research is permitted.
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---
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## 🙏 Acknowledgements
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This dataset was developed at UCREL, Lancaster University, as part of research into Arabic dialect variation, bivalency, and automatic dialect identification.
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